cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Multi-Agent based Load Shedding in Power Distribution Systems

This paper proposes a service restoration algorithm in distribution systems with Distributed Generation (DG) and considering priority customers. When a fault occurs in Power Distribution Systems (PDS), it is essential for the utility companies to restore the service to their customers as soon as possible. To restore the service, faulty zones should be isolated first and then power could be restored to fault-free zones if enough power is available for restoration. If the provided power from DG sources and other supporting feeders is less than required power for restoration, some loads should be shed. A distributed Multi-Agent based Load Shedding (LS) technique has been used which can make efficient load shedding decisions to supply as many of higher priority customers as possible, while keeping the balance between the demand and generation. Agents have a load prediction capability and use the predicted values for restoration decision makings to prevent short-time service restorations. The restoration problem is modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem with the objective function of maximizing the power supplied while satisfying the power system and priority considerations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of making feasible LS decisions to minimize the non-supplied priority loads.
A preliminary examination of Beck's cognitive theory of personality disorders in undergraduate analogues.

The purpose of these three studies was to conduct an initial investigation into Beck, Freeman, and Associates' (1990) cognitive theory of personality disorders in an undergraduate population of personality disorder analogues. In Study 1, preliminary support for the reliability and validity of a measure of the dysfunctional thought patterns (i.e. Thoughts Questionnaire) was gathered. In Studies 2 and 3, specific dysfunctional thought patterns, as proposed by Beck et al. (1990), were found to correlate with corresponding SCID-II personality disorder scales. However, many thought patterns lacked specificity to their corresponding personality disorder, with thought pattern scores being intercorrelated. These results are consistent with those of other published studies, using both university analogue and clinical outpatient samples.
Korean-Origin Kindergarten Children’s Response to African-American Characters in Race-Themed Picture Books

In spite of the contributions of previous studies about multicultural education, children’s literature, and teaching for social justice, no study had investigated their intersection. This qualitative case study explores how kindergarten-age Korean children respond to African-American characters in picture books during read-alouds. The data were collected by audio-recordings, open-ended interviews, children’s artifacts, and observational field notes. One of the findings was that the children exhibited resistance to black characters, and their resistance was shaped within their larger social and cultural surroundings such as the parents’ racial views towards black people and the dominant racial discourse of Korean community. Findings suggest that the goal of a literacy program in bilingual children’s classrooms has to be that students learn not only about biliteracy skills but also about the value and meaning of the human experience in our pluralistic society.
Total electron detachment cross sections for collisions of negative halogen ions with various molecules for energies around threshold

Absolute total electron detachment cross sections for collisions of Cl/sup -/ and Br/sup -/ with the molecular targets H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, O/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, CO, CO/sub 2/, and CH/sub 4/ are presented. In each case, the experimental studies extend from collision energies below the threshold for detachment up to several hundred eV. All systems show detachment thresholds which exceed the electron affinity of the halogen atom involved. Detachment rate constants determined from the measured detachment cross sections are included.
A Framework for Cybersecurity Strategy Formation

A good cybersecurity strategy consists of the most effective and the most optimal course of actions available at the moment of operation in order to ensure the success of a cyber operation. How to form such a strategy is always a challenge. The current literature does not have much discussion about this topic. This paper intends to explore this process, which supports decision-makers in the cyber domain. It applies the Cybersecurity Formation Framework proposed in Chen and Duvall 2014, and shows how it can integrate varied actions into a systematic and consolidated course of actions to guarantee the success in a mission. This paper also suggests areas for future studies.
An Evaluation of Parent Training Procedures Designed to Alter Inappropriate Aggressive Behavior of Boys.

The effectiveness of training parents in behavior-modification techniques to alter inappropriately aggressive behavior of boys aged 6–14 was evaluated. Six boys designated a treatment group were matched on the bases of age, socioeconomic status, and mean and variance of inappropriate aggressive behavior with a control group. Parents of treatment group boys were taught social learning procedures for 5 weeks. Parents of the control group children received no training. Observers recorded the rates of deviant behaviors in family interactions within the home for both groups. It was found that the parent's application of the training resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of deviant behavior of children in this group. Children in the control group showed an increase of inappropriate behaviors during the comparable period.
Hydrogen isotope discrimination in aquatic primary producers: implications for aquatic food web studies

Large differences in δ2H of primary producers between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are used to identify subsidies, discriminate organic matter sources, and reduce uncertainty in food web studies. Previous investigations of hydrogen isotope ratios suggest there may be predictable differences between the δ2H of water and organic matter for different types of primary producers. We define the difference in the net isotopic discrimination between water and bulk organic matter (om) as: ΔH = (δ2Hom − δ2Hwater) ÷ (1 + δ2Hwater ÷ 1,000). We summarized ΔH values from published literature and we measured the δ2H of water and primary producers in order to compare ΔH among aquatic and terrestrial primary producers. Measurements were made from three water body types (lake, river, coastal lagoon) and their associated watersheds. Although we predicted a large and equivalent net isotopic discrimination for aquatic primary producers, we found considerable variability among groups of aquatic producers. Macroalgae, benthic microalgae, and phytoplankton had more negative ΔH values (i.e. greater isotopic discrimination) than both aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial vegetation. The more positive δ2Hom and hence lower ΔH of terrestrial vegetation was expected due to relative increases in the heavier isotope, deuterium, during transpiration. However, the more positive values of δ2Hom and relatively low ΔH in aquatic macrophytes, even submerged species, was unexpected. Marine macroalgae had high variability in δ2Hom as a group, but low variability within distinct species. Variability among types of primary producers in δ2Hom and in ΔH should be assessed when hydrogen is used in isotopic studies of food webs.
Diffusion of hydrogen atoms in spherical vessels

A previously developed model for active species concentration profiles in infinite cylindrical systems has been extended to include the spherical system. The model couples the processes of diffusion to and reaction at the wall. Predictions of time buildup under conditions of homogeneous production by light, and time decay after extinguishing the light source, are made for H atoms. Such predictions require a knowledge of the wall recombination coefficient and the binary diffusion coefficient for H in heat bath gas. The model is experimentally tested by measuring the first-order decay constants of H at room temperature in various pressures (10-1500 torr) of six heat bath gases. The atomic concentration is monitored by Lyman-α absorption photometry. The results show good agreement with model predictions in the various heat bath gases up to ∼400 torr and depend only on one parameter,γ, the recombi-nation coefficient. This should be contrasted with the earlier work where slight variation in γ was invoked. The rate constants at pressures higher than 400 torr are consistently higher than model predictions.
Fiber-optic magnetic field sensor with an orthoconjugating loop mirror

A hybrid fiber- and bulk-optic Faraday-rotation-based electric current and magnetic field sensor is described. The scheme employs a new orthoconjugating fiber loop mirror to permit interrogation of a remotely located sensor over a conventional single-mode fiber link independent of birefringence perturbations in the link. A Bi-substituted YIG film sensing element gives a sensitivity of 0.45 deg/G over a range of 1 mG to 100 G.
Molecular mechanisms regulating platelet clearance and thrombopoietin production

The human body produces and removes 1011 platelets daily to maintain a normal steady-state platelet count. Platelet production must be tightly regulated to avoid spontaneous bleeding if counts are low (thrombocytopenia) or arterial occlusion and organ damage if counts are high (thrombocytosis). Recent studies have highlighted the role of glycan modifications on platelet surface proteins in mediating platelet clearance. Platelets undergoing cold storage lose sialic acid and β-galactose. Following transfusion, cold-stored platelets are cleared via hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor (AMR) and the macrophage (Kupffer cell) αMβ2 integrin lectin domain. New data point to the fact that platelets surface loses sialic acid during their circulatory lifetime, suggesting a novel platelet in vivo clearance mechanism via the AMR. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary regulator of platelet production, supporting the survival, proliferation and differentiation of the platelet precursors, bone marrow megakaryocytes. Although it is clear that hepatocytes are the primary source of TPO, the mechanisms regulating circulating TPO levels have been subject to discussion for decades. Two major models for TPO regulation have been proposed. In one model, hepatic TPO production is constitutive and TPO serum levels are maintained solely by its uptake and metabolism by the TPO receptor c-Mpl on platelets and megakaryocytes. In another model, hepatic TPO production is regulated. However, the physiological ligand–receptor pair capable of regulating steady-state TPO production remains unclear. In this review, mechanisms of glycan–lectin-mediated platelet clearance and TPO production will be discussed.
Primary hypothyroidism with growth failure and pituitary pseudotumor in a 13-year-old female: a case report.

Introduction: Primary hypothyroidism is a well-known cause of poor linear growth in children. A rare finding with profound or long-standing disease is anterior pituitary enlargement (pituitary pseudotumor). This case highlights this uncommon finding, discusses clinical situations in which gradual dose escalation of levothyroxine may be advisable and reviews adjuvant therapies that have been previously attempted to improve final height in the setting of profound hypothyroidism. Case presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old Hispanic girl initially evaluated for poor linear growth and delayed puberty, and found to have pituitary enlargement secondary to profound primary hypothyroidism. Treatment with progressive doses of levothyroxine normalized her symptoms and led to complete resolution of her pituitary findings, but she then rapidly progressed through puberty, achieving an adult height of only 142cm, significantly below her calculated mid-parental height. Conclusions: In cases of severe primary hypothyroidism with prolonged elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone and pituitary pseudotumor, gradual replacement of thyroid hormone with slowly escalating doses of levothyroxine may be beneficial to prevent complications of therapy. Early recognition and treatment of hypothyroidism during childhood is essential for normal growth, as final height is invariably compromised in children with prolonged disease. Additional study is needed to determine the potential beneficial effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and recombinant human growth hormone treatment in this setting.
On the application of low complexity iterative decoding schemes to fading channels

Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) combines coding and modulation in a way that is well suited to the requirements of fading channels. If turbo codes or low density parity check (LDPC) codes are employed in a BICM scheme, it is possible to achieve very good performance at signal-to-noise ratios near capacity. In this paper, we investigate the application of BICM to fading channels using low complexity (2- and 4-state) multiple turbo codes and simple, algebraically constructed LDPC codes. Specifically, we consider modulation schemes operating at 1 bps/Hz and 2 bps/Hz with rate-1/2 coded QPSK and 16-QAM modulation, respectively.
Intrahepatic Arteriovenous Fistula Secondary to Penetrating Trauma: Report of Case and Selected Review of the Literature:

A traumatic arteriovenous fistula developed following penetrating liver trauma due to a gunshot wound. The initial liver injury was managed by over sewing the hepatic laceration and draining the area of injury. Post-operatively the patient developed the clinical triad of jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain consistent with hemobilia. Selective hepatic arteriography was utilized to confirm the diagnosis and to demonstrate an hepatic artery to portal vein fistula. The fistula was successfully occluded by transcatheter embo lization of the right hepatic artery.This case and a review of the literature illustrates two points. First, although traumatic hemobilia is relatively uncommon, and traumatic intrahepatic arteri ovenous fistulae are rare sequelae of trauma, the diagnosis should be considered when the triad of pain, jaundice and gastronintestinal bleeding occur following hepatic injury. Second, transcatheter embolization may be a useful alternative to operative intervention in management...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Overactive Bladder (Non-Neurogenic) in Adults: AUA/SUFU Guideline

Purpose: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB).Materials and Methods: The primary source of evidence for this guideline is the systematic review and data extraction conducted as part of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 187 titled Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Women (2009). That report searched PubMed, MEDLINE®, EMBASE and CINAHL for English-language studies published from January 1966 to October 2008. The AUA conducted additional literature searches to capture treatments not covered in detail by the AHRQ report and relevant articles published between October 2008 and December 2011. The review yielded an evidence base of 151 treatment articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence for a particular treatment was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate) or C (...
Half a World Away: The Integration and Assimilation of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development in Business School Curricula

In this paper, we review efforts by business school academics to integrate corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and sustainable development in their teaching and coursework. We draw from recent research to describe the challenges and constraints to such integration, as well as the opportunities and potential of such efforts. We then report on the results of a survey of academics in business schools which underscore these challenges and constraints. We conclude with suggestions regarding how individual faculty members, business schools, and the broader field and its institutions can respond to the relative absence of these subjects and their integration in business school curricula. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The innovator's non‐dilemma: the case of next‐generation lithography

Previous studies have analyzed how incumbents may falter when they focus too narrowly on satisfying the needs of current customers at the expense of pursuing innovations that will ensure future market leadership. This paper examines this ‘dilemma’ faced by incumbents and considers cases where incumbents do spearhead innovation on the technology frontier thus enabling future product generations. In particular, we examine the case of the semiconductor industry confronting a technological discontinuity in the production of chips. In anticipation of a discontinuity in the lithography production module, leading firms in the semiconductor industry have initiated next-generation lithography (NGL) projects. These projects have exhibited an unprecedented level of horizontal and vertical cooperation. Our research analyzes how such cooperative research and development (R&D) programs allow incumbent innovators to mitigate four areas of uncertainty—leadership, preemption, performance, and industry adoption. We adapt a Hotelling location model to demonstrate the tension between mitigating these uncertainties through interfirm cooperation and the possibility of increased downstream competition. Such tensions have influenced cooperation within and across the R&D consortia pursuing NGL led by IBM, Intel, and Bell Labs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of the JAK2 V617F Mutation by LightCycler PCR and Probe Dissociation Analysis

A point mutation in the JAK2 gene, a member of the tyrosine kinase family, was recently identified and shown to be associated with several myeloproliferative disorders. Several studies identified the same JAK2 point mutation (1849G>T), resulting in the substitution of a valine to phenylalanine at codon 617 (V617F). We developed a simple and sensitive method to detect this mutation via polymerase chain reaction and probe dissociation analysis using the LightCycler platform, and we compared this method to existing restriction fragment-length polymorphism, direct sequencing, and amplification refractory mutation system methods. We found that the LightCycler method offered advantages of speed, reliability, and more straightforward interpretation over the restriction fragment-length polymorphism and sequencing approaches.
Exploring the study skills and accommodations used by college student survivors of traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovering sufficiently to attend post-secondary institutions often display learning skills differing from those of traditional s...
Spontaneous Electrographic Seizures in the Hippocampal Slice: An In Vitro Model for the Study of the Transition from Interictal Bursting to Ictal Activity

Recently, several methods of provoking robust seizure discharges in the hippocampal slice preparation have been reported from our laboratory and from others. These seizure discharges are of long duration, complex morphology and have a stereotyped temporal evolution. Therefore, they are clearly different from the interictal bursts previously studied in the slice preparation. They resemble the seizures recorded from the intact brains of animals and humans, as for example, when recording from hippocampal depth electrodes in patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. Because of these similarities, we refer to these events as electrographic seizures or EGSs. Our hope is that the mechanisms of the EGSs in the slice are similar to the mechanisms of actual ictal events in the intact brain. If this is the case, the simpler slice preparation can be used to help us understand the transition from interictal activity to seizures as it occurs in the whole brain.
Influence of nitrate radical on the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in a polluted marine environment

[1] Simultaneous in situ measurements of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and nitrate radical (NO3) from the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown off the New England Coast during the summer of 2002 show a clear anticorrelation between these compounds. The anticorrelation indicates a strong interaction between anthropogenic NOx emissions and natural sulfur emissions from the ocean surface. The anticorrelation was invariant with the distance from the continent over the range sampled during this study. Diurnal averages showed maxima in DMS concentrations during dawn and dusk and a lower minimum of � 30 pptv at night compared to the daytime minimum of � 40 pptv, indicating a stronger oxidation by NO3 at night than by OH at daytime under polluted conditions. This conclusion is also supported by agreement between a box model calculation and the measurements. Including DMS oxidation by halogens (Cl and BrO) into the model improved the agreement significantly. Calculation of the relative DMS loss due to either NO3 or OH oxidation indicated that between 65 and 90% of the DMS oxidation was due to NO3, depending on NO3 mixing ratios. The area over which DMS oxidation by NO3 is at least as strong as by OH can extend as far as 3000 km from coastal anthropogenic NOx sources. These increased DMS oxidation rates by NO3 may have an impact on global non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol production, depending on the DMS chemical oxidation mechanism.
Rapid visual colorimetry of peritoneal lavage fluid

Study hypothesis: That visual colorimetry can be used to rapidly and precisely estimate the erythrocyte count of 1:5 dilutions of simulated peritoneal lavage fluid. Population: Fifty-four normal adult human subjects. Methods: The automated or chamber RBC count is often used on fluid obtained by peritoneal lavage in patients with abdominal trauma to help determine the need for surgery. Unfortunately, this method sometimes results in excessive delay. We designed and built a simple colorimeter that facilitated rapid direct visual comparison of unknown samples with known color standards. A radiograph view box was used as a light source. Standards were prepared in 16-mm glass tubes to simulate peritoneal lavage fluid with RBC counts ranging from 0 to 140,000 in 10,000 cell/ μ L increments; 1:5 dilutions with water were used throughout to reduce opacity. Thimerosal was added to unknowns and standards to stabilize color; all samples were kept refrigerated at 4 C when not in use. In a double-blind in-vitro study, each subject matched 20 randomly distributed unknowns ranging from 12,000 to 131,000 erythrocytes/ μ L to the nearest standard. Results: The mean absolute error for all 1,080 determinations was 3,560 RBC/ μ L (95% CI=4,290 – 4,830; SD=4,560; t=39.6; df = 1,079; P μ L 95% of the time. Conclusion: Visual comparison of 1:5 dilutions of simulated peritoneal lavage fluid with known color standards can be used to rapidly and precisely estimate the erythrocyte count.
Research process. An overview

It has been suggested that podiatric education, training, and practice too often are not well understood outside of the profession. If this is the case, a potential remedy is for more podiatric health professionals to publish work that has significance. Beginning with this article and continuing through a total of six articles, the research process is used as a paradigm for enhancing podiatric literature in the future.
Chronic intermittent colic in a mare attributed to uterine marbles

Summary A 13-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented for evaluation of chronic intermittent colic. Following extensive diagnostics, abdominal radiographs revealed two round, radiopaque objects in the caudal abdomen. Palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography of the reproductive tract confirmed that the round objects were uterine marbles. Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse, 5 mg i.m. q. 24 h for 2 days) was administered to bring the mare into oestrus, and both uterine marbles were manually removed from the uterus following digital dilation of the relaxed cervix. Follow-up with the owner 12 months after discharge revealed that the mare had shown no further signs of abdominal discomfort since having the uterine marbles removed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of chronic intermittent colic attributed to uterine marbles in a mare.
Hemostasis findings in headache and psychosocial stress associated with cerebral ischemia

We assessed the prevalence of headache and psychosocial stress in a group of patients with cerebral ischemia and evaluated hemostatic function in these patients. Headache and preceding psychosocial stress were present in one-third and one-half, respectively, of patients capable of providing an adequate history and answering a standardized psychosocial questionnaire. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, white blood cell count and differential, fibrinogen, and platelet activation peptide s-thromboglobulin, between patients with and without headache and between high- and low-stress patients. Fibrin D-dimer (a fragment of cross-linked fibrin) was significantly lower in high-stress compared to low-stress patients. There was no association between headache and stress level. These findings make unlikely the hypothesis that headache associated with cerebral ischemia is platelet-mediated and suggest that psychosocial stress on a chronic basis is not associated with procoagulant tendencies in this population.
Reviews of Maple, Mathematica, and Matlab: Coming Soon to a Publication Near You

In our introductory article to our upcoming review series on Maple, Mathematica, and Matlab, we asked for feedback. The letters to the editor we subsequently received deliver two messages: first, that this review series will serve a real need, and second, that we must be thorough in our treatment of each product. We didn't intend the introductory article to be an in-depth account in any sense. Instead, we tried to set a context for the future reviews by relating certain background information--histories and design principles--and a brief overview of current uses for each of the three productivity packages.At the time, we had more such information about Mathematica and Maple than for Matlab. Subsequently, Matlab's inventor, Cleve Moler, authored an article that addressed much of the points we were missing. In view of this information's emergence, and in response to the feedback we've received, we felt we should include some selections from Moler's article in this installment.
Design of Leaving Groups in Radical CC Fragmentations: Through‐Bond 2c–3e Interactions in Self‐Terminating Radical Cascades

Radical cascades terminated by β-scission of exocyclic CC bonds allow for the formation of aromatic products. Whereas β-scission is common for weaker bonds, achieving this reactivity for carbon–carbon bonds requires careful design of radical leaving groups. It has now been found that the energetic penalty for breaking a strong σ-bond can be compensated by the gain of aromaticity in the product and by the stabilizing two-center, three-electron “half-bond” present in the radical fragment. Furthermore, through-bond communication of a radical and a lone pair accelerates the fragmentation by selectively stabilizing the transition state. The stereoelectronic design of radical leaving groups leads to a new, convenient route to Sn-functionalized aromatics.
A unified dual‐primal finite element tearing and interconnecting approach for incompressible Stokes equations

SUMMARY A unified framework of dual-primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI-DP) algorithms is proposed for solving the system of linear equations arising from the mixed finite element approximation of incompressible Stokes equations. A distinctive feature of this framework is that it allows using both continuous and discontinuous pressures in the algorithm, whereas previous FETI-DP methods only apply to discontinuous pressures. A preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used in the algorithm with either a lumped or a Dirichlet preconditioner, and scalable convergence rates are proved. This framework is also used to describe several previously developed FETI-DP algorithms and greatly simplifies their analysis. Numerical experiments of solving a two-dimensional incompressible Stokes problem demonstrate the performances of the discussed FETI-DP algorithms represented under the same framework.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful cementless cup reimplantation using cortical bone graft augmentation after an acetabular fracture and cup displacement.

Objective— To report repair of a periprosthetic acetabular fracture with concurrent component displacement after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study Design— Clinical case report. Animals— Dog (n=1) with an acetabular fracture after THA. Methods— Acetabular repair was performed on a highly comminuted periprosthetic acetabular fracture after cementless THA. A bulk, structural corticocancellous autograft from the ipsilateral ilial wing was used for repair and reconstruction of the dorsal acetabular wall before reimplantation of a cementless acetabular component. Results— Repair of a periprosthetic acetabular fracture with a bulk structural autograft was successful in reconstruction of the dorsal acetabular wall and in reestablishing a stable, functional cementless THA acetabular prosthesis. Conclusions— Structural corticocancellous autografts from the ilium can be successfully used in repair of periprosthetic acetabular fractures after THA. Clinical Relevance— Structural corticocancellous grafting from the ilium can be considered as a treatment option for repair of periprosthetic acetabular fractures after THA.
Soil genesis on the island of Bermuda in the Quaternary: The importance of African dust transport and deposition

[1] The origin of terra rossa, red or reddish-brown, clay-rich soils overlying high-purity carbonate substrates, has intrigued geologists and pedologists for decades. Terra rossa soils can form from accumulation of insoluble residues during dissolution of the host limestones, addition of volcanic ash, or addition of externally derived, long-range-transported (LRT) aeolian particles. We studied soils and paleosols on high-purity, carbonate aeolianites of Quaternary age on Bermuda, where terra rossa origins have been debated for more than a century. Potential soil parent materials on this island include sand-sized fragments of local volcanic bedrock, the LRT, fine-grained (<20μm) component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and LRT dust from Africa. These parent materials can be characterized geochemically using trace elements that are immobile in the soil-forming environment. Results indicate that local volcanic bedrock on Bermuda has Sc-Th-La, Cr-Ta-Nd, and Eu/Eu*, LaN/YbN, GdN/YbNthat can be distinguished from African dust and lower Mississippi River valley loess. Bermuda soils have Sc-Th-La, Cr-Ta-Nd, and Eu/Eu*, LaN/YbN, GdN/YbN that indicate derivation from a combination of LRT dust from Africa and local volcanic bedrock. Our results indicate that soils on islands in a very broad latitudinal belt of the western Atlantic margin have been influenced by African LRT dust inputs over much of the past ∼500 ka.
Inductively Coupled Connectors and Sockets for Multi-Gb/s Pulse Signaling

Multi-Gb/s pulse signaling is demonstrated with inductively coupled interconnects across packaging interfaces. This has application in realizing submillimeter pitch, true zero insertion force (ZIF) surface mount connectors, and sockets. The signaling data rate achieved in this system is from 1 to 8.5 Gbps, which depends on the 3-dB coupling frequency of the composite channel consisting of the inductive interconnections and the transmission lines. This paper presents the results of a set of experiments demonstrating this capability and describes the principles behind the design of inductively coupled sockets and connectors.
Architectures for efficient face authentication in embedded systems

Biometrics represents a promising approach for reliable and secure user authentication. However, they have not yet been widely adopted in embedded systems, particularly in resource-constrained devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). In this paper, we investigate the challenges involved in using face-based biometrics for authenticating a user to an embedded system. To enable high authentication accuracy, we consider robust face verifiers based on principal component analysis/linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) algorithms and Bayesian classifiers, and their combined use (multi-modal biometrics). Since embedded systems are severely constrained in their processing capabilities, algorithms that provide sufficient accuracy tend to be computationally expensive, leading to unacceptable authentication times. On the other hand, achieving acceptable performance often comes at the cost of degradation in the quality of results. Our work aims at developing embedded processing architectures that improve face verification speed with minimal hardware requirements and without any compromise in verification accuracy. We analyze the computational characteristics of face verifiers when running on an embedded processor, and systematically identify opportunities for accelerating their execution. We then present a range of targeted hardware and software enhancements that include the use of fixed-point arithmetic, various code optimizations, application-specific custom instructions and co-processors, and parallel processing capabilities in multi-processor systems-on-chip (SoCs). We evaluated the proposed architectures in the context of open-source face verification algorithms running on a commercial embedded processor (Xtensa from Tensilica). Our work shows that fast, in-system verification is possible even in the context of many resource-constrained embedded systems. We also demonstrate that high authentication accuracy can be achieved with minimum hardware overheads, while requiring no modifications to the core face verification algorithms.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Still an Enigma

With their article on the use of HBOT for post TBI dysautonomia, Lv and colleagues discuss a novel use for this form of treatment. Although HBOT has been a part of our TBI treatment armamentarium for many years, its use remains a very controversial issue. In this commentary, the science and research studies behind HBOT for TBI are reviewed, hopefully leaving the reader with an adequate knowledge base to answer a patient or family's inquiries as to the usefulness of HBOT for TBI.
A Tortured Relic: The Lasting Legacy of the Korean War and Portrayals of ‘North Korea’ in the u.s. Media, 1953–1962

Drawing on national and local news stories, newly declassified documents, U.S. prisoner of war ( POW ) memoirs, and popular films, this article argues that the legacy of the Korean War in the United States from 1953 to 1962 dramatically shaped how Americans imagined the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ( DPRK ). It specifically examines how media portrayals of North Korean atrocities, the alleged misconduct of U.S. captives, and the relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the DPRK affected public perceptions of “North Korea” as a subjective construct. The painful legacy of the Korean War, particularly the experience of U.S. POW s, encouraged Americans to think of North Korea as an inherently violent foe and as part of a broader “Oriental Communist” enemy in the Cold War. When the experiences of U.S. soldiers contradicted these narratives, media sources often made distinctions between “ N orth Koreans,” a repugnant racial and ideological “other,” and “ n orth Koreans,” potential U.S. friends and allies.
Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins

Cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in water and therefore these lipids must be transported in association with proteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles with a central core containing cholesterol esters and triglycerides surrounded by free cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins, which facilitate lipoprotein formation and function. Plasma lipoproteins can be divided into seven classes based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoproteins (chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL, and Lp (a)). Chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and Lp (a) are all pro-atherogenic while HDL is anti-atherogenic. Apolipoproteins have four major functions including 1) serving a structural role, 2) acting as ligands for lipoprotein receptors, 3) guiding the formation of lipoproteins, and 4) serving as activators or inhibitors of enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins. The exogenous lipoprotein pathway starts with the incorporation of dietary lipids into chylomicrons in the intestine. In the circulation, the triglycerides carried in chylomicrons are metabolized in muscle and adipose tissue by lipoprotein lipase releasing free fatty acids, which are subsequently metabolized by muscle and adipose tissue, and chylomicron remnants are formed. Chylomicron remnants are then taken up by the liver. The endogenous lipoprotein pathway begins in the liver with the formation of VLDL. The triglycerides carried in VLDL are metabolized in muscle and adipose tissue by lipoprotein lipase releasing free fatty acids and IDL are formed. The IDL are further metabolized to LDL, which are taken up by the LDL receptor in numerous tissues including the liver, the predominant site of uptake. Reverse cholesterol transport begins with the formation of nascent HDL by the liver and intestine. These small HDL particles can then acquire cholesterol and phospholipids that are effluxed from cells, a process mediated by ABCA1 resulting in the formation of mature HDL. Mature HDL can acquire addition cholesterol from cells via ABCG1, SR-B1, or passive diffusion. The HDL then transports the cholesterol to the liver either directly by interacting with hepatic SR-B1 or indirectly by transferring the cholesterol to VLDL or LDL, a process facilitated by CETP. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to HDL plays an important role in protecting from the development of atherosclerosis. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG .
The endoplasmic reticulum of mung-bean cotyledons : Biosynthesis during seedling growth.

Germination and seedling growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) are accompanied by the incorporation of radioactive amino acids, glycerol, galactose, and glucosamine in an organelle fraction of the cotyledons which co-equilibrates with NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase activity at 1.13 g·cm−3 on isopycnic gradients containing 1 mM EDTA. Up to 20% of the newly synthesized proteins accumulate in this organelle fraction. The organelle fraction has been identified as rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) on the basis of its increased density (1.16 g·cm−3) when 3 mM MgCl2 is included in all media. Seedling growth is also accompanied by a marked rise (more than 5-fold) in ER-associated NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase activity, and by the incorporation of59Fe into ER-associated heme. Other manifestations of the reorganization of the ER in the cotyledons include a relative increase in membrane-associated RNA (from 12% of total RNA after 12 h of imbibition to 23% after 6 d of growth), and a change in the pattern of polypeptides associated with the ER. These results provide further evidence for the extensive reorganization of the ER of the cotyledons which accompanies seedling growth. The reorganization includes the simultaneous breakdown of the pre-existing tubular ER and the biosynthesis of new ER components.
Abstract B19: Cigarette smoke promotes human airway epithelial migration through temporal coordination of p120-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways

Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked to almost all major types of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that smoking initiates transformed cell growth and migration by disrupting cell-cell interactions in the polarized mucosal epithelium. Together with other adherens junction proteins, p120-catenin (p120ctn) maintains cell-cell adhesion through its direct interaction with E-cadherin. Mislocalization and/or loss of p120ctn have been reported in all lung cancer subtypes and are related to poor prognosis. Our purpose was to investigate the initiating (intact p120ctn) and late (loss of 120ctn) events of smoke-promoted lung carcinogenesis using primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Methods: Wide-type and p120ctn-knockdown HBE cells exposed to cigarette smoke-conditioned medium were used to mimic the early and late progressive stages of lung cancer. Signaling cascades and cell migration under the two conditions were investigated. Results: Src and Jnk activation by smoke were delayed in p120ctn-knockdown cells and inhibition of migration through the chemical blockade of EGFR, Src, and/or Jnk was dependent on p120ctn. In contrast, chemical inhibition of signaling via Akt (cell survival) or Erk (cell proliferation) was sufficient to block smoke-induced migration independent of p120ctn. Also independent of p120ctn was smoke9s effect on the RhoGTPase, Rac1. Rac1 knockdown abolished dephosphorylation of actin binding protein, cofilin, in the presence and absence of p120ctn, indicating its essential role in smoke-induced cell migration. Conclusions: These studies provide unprecedented insight regarding the multiple and interdependent molecular strategies employed by smoke to escape tightly regulated cellular processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
Management of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries by right ventricular outflow construction.

The presence of hypoplastic pulmonary arteries in the symptomatic patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (VSD) precludes one-stage complete correction and mandates some type of preliminary palliative procedure. Since 1976, we have palliated 38 patients by establishment of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial continuity (right ventricular outflow construction) without closure of the VSD. The ages ranged from 2 to 54 years (mean 13.3); 12 patients had 15 prior systemic-pulmonary arterial shunts. There were three hospital deaths (8%), all in patients with prior shunts; no deaths occurred in the 26 patients without shunts (p = 0.05). All survivors manifested clinical improvement; there was a mean decrease in hemoglobin concentration of 3.6 gm/dl (p
Africa, Arabia, and Western Europe

Introduction The Africa Plate is probably the best-preserved fragment of the former supercontinent, Pangea. Because it is surrounded on three sides (west, south, and east) by sea-floor spreading centers and is split in two by the East African Rift Valleys, the Africa Plate is growing. Only on the north is its boundary with structures around the Mediterranean Sea more complex, including a convergent margin with reverse faults, folds, and large earthquakes in Algeria and Morocco, and remnants of Neotethyan oceanic crust, part of the Africa Plate, being subducted in the central and eastern Mediterranean. I have included in this chapter a description of the Arabia Plate east of the Red Sea, another part of Pangea with many similarities to Africa, with spreading centers to the west and south. The northern margin of Arabia is colliding with Eurasia along the Bitlis Suture and Palmyride fold belt in Iraq, Turkey, and Syria, and the Zagros Mountains of Iran and Iraq. That continental collision results in structures and earthquakes that are described in the following chapter, as is the Dead Sea transform fault (DST), the boundary between the Arabia and Africa plates north of the Red Sea.
Anatomy of a Personalized Livestreaming System

With smartphones making video recording easier than ever, new apps like Periscope and Meerkat brought personalized interactive video streaming to millions. With a touch, viewers can switch between first person perspectives across the globe, and interact in real-time with broadcasters. Unlike traditional video streaming, these services require low-latency video delivery to support high interactivity between broadcasters and audiences. We perform a detailed analysis into the design and performance of Periscope, the most popular personal livestreaming service with 20 million users. Using detailed measurements of Periscope (3 months, 19M streams, 705M views) and Meerkat (1 month, 164K streams, 3.8M views), we ask the critical question: ``Can personalized livestreams continue to scale, while allowing their audiences to experience desired levels of interactivity?' We analyze the network path of each stream and break down components of its end-to-end delay. We find that much of each stream's delay is the direct result of decisions to improve scalability, from chunking video sequences to selective polling for reduced server load. Our results show a strong link between volume of broadcasts and stream delivery latency. Finally, we discovered a critical security flaw during our study, and shared it along with a scalable solution with Periscope and Meerkat management.
Using Outcomes to Analyze Patients Rather than Patients to Analyze Outcomes: A Step toward Pragmatism in Benefit:risk Evaluation

ABSTRACTIn the future, clinical trials will have an increased emphasis on pragmatism, providing a practical description of the effects of new treatments in realistic clinical settings. Accomplishing pragmatism requires better summaries of the totality of the evidence in ways that clinical trials consumers—patients, physicians, insurers—find transparent and allow for informed benefit:risk decision-making.The current approach to the analysis of clinical trials is to analyze efficacy and safety separately and then combine these analyses into a benefit:risk assessment. Many assume that this will effectively describe the impact on patients. But this approach is suboptimal for evaluating the totality of effects on patients.We discuss methods for benefit:risk assessment that have greater pragmatism than methods that separately analyze efficacy and safety. These include the concepts of within-patient analyses and composite benefit:risk endpoints with a goal of understanding how to analyze one patient before tryin...
Induction by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and UV light of petite mutants in aerobically and anaerobically cultivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Petite mutant induction by N -methyl- N ′-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and UV irradiation was studied in aerobically and anaerobically cultivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. At any particular level of MNNG or UV, a greater proportion of mutants was obtained from anaerobic than aerobic cells in the surviving population. The proportion of sectored colonies in the surviving population, observed by the tetrazolium dye reduction technique, decreased as mutagen dosage was increased for anaerobic cells but showed only a slight decrease for similarly treated aerobic cells. Mating of petite isolates from MNNG treatment with a known cytoplasmic petite of the opposite mating type revealed that approximately half of the isolates were mutant in a nuclear gene but similar studies with UV-treated cells showed that only a few were mutant in a nuclear gene.