cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the meaning of family : Voices of divorced nonresidential parents

Abstract The definition of “family” has taken on multiple meanings in the larger social context in recent years. This qualitative study of 36 divorced nonresidential parents explores how their definition and meaning of family is affected post-divorce. Systems-level influences and past and present individual experiences appear to shape nonresidential parents' definition of family. A dialectical tension over the definition of family and boundaries surrounding family is created for nonresidential parents leaving some to question traditional definitions as they are faced with the reality of their current family configuration.
Compliance in small claims court: Exploring the factors associated with defendants' level of compliance with mediated and adjudicated outcomes

This study explores how defendants in small claims cases, settled in either mediation or adjudication, react to case outcomes that require them to make some form of payment to the opposing party. Of particular interest was the relationship between dispute resolution forum and the reasons given for compliant behavior. Data were drawn from thirty-nine structured interviews in small claims cases filed in a local justice court. In mediated cases, defendants tended to comply with case outcomes from a sense of personal responsibility and obligation to fulfill a promise made to complainants, while defendants in adjudicated cases reported that they complied with the judgment in their case because of their duty to obey the law.
Coupled Surge-Heave Motions of a Moored System. I: Model Calibration and Parametric Study

Model calibration and parametric studies of the coupled, complex surge-heave motions of a medium-scale experimental, nonlinear, submerged, moored structural system are presented here. The experimental system excited by periodic wave fields consists of a spherical buoy and attached multipoint mooring lines. Sources of nonlinearity include complex geometric restoring forces and coupled fluid–structure interaction exciting forces. The sphere moves mainly in a two-dimensional fashion [or two degrees of freedom (2DOF)] of surge and heave, with negligible pitch. Characteristic experimental results include harmonic, subharmonic, and superharmonic responses. As an extension of single-degree-of-freedom, independent-flow-field (IFF) models, a 2DOF, IFF model is derived and employed. Good agreement is shown between the analytical predictions and experimental results. Existence of complex nonlinear responses, including chaos and multiple coexisting steady states, are numerically identified when the coupling is strong...
Intrahippocampal infusions of anisomycin produce amnesia: contribution of increased release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine.

Intra-amygdala injections of anisomycin produce large increases in the release of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin in the amygdala. Pretreatment with intra-amygdala injections of the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol attenuates anisomycin-induced amnesia without reversing the inhibition of protein synthesis, and injections of NE alone produce amnesia. These findings suggest that abnormal neurotransmitter responses may be the basis for amnesia produced by inhibition of protein synthesis. The present experiment extends these findings to the hippocampus and adds acetylcholine (ACh) to the list of neurotransmitters affected by anisomycin. Using in vivo microdialysis at the site of injection, release of NE, DA, and ACh was measured before and after injections of anisomycin into the hippocampus. Anisomycin impaired inhibitory avoidance memory when rats were tested 48 h after training and also produced substantial increases in local release of NE, DA, and ACh. In an additional experiment, pretreatment with intrahippocampal injections of propranolol prior to anisomycin and training significantly attenuated anisomycin-induced amnesia. The disruption of neurotransmitter release patterns at the site of injection appears to contribute significantly to the mechanisms underlying amnesia produced by protein synthesis inhibitors, calling into question the dominant interpretation that the amnesia reflects loss of training-initiated protein synthesis necessary for memory formation. Instead, the findings suggest that proteins needed for memory formation are available prior to an experience, and that post-translational modifications of these proteins may be sufficient to enable the formation of new memories.
Television theme songs: A content analysis

(1992). Television theme songs: A content analysis. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 13-20.
Toward improving the proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue

Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and their associated diagnostic records represent an invaluable source of retrospective proteomic information on diseases for which the clinical outcome and response to treatment are known. However, analysis of archival FFPE tissues by high-throughput proteomic methods has been hindered by the adverse effects of formaldehyde fixation and subsequent tissue histology. This review examines recent methodological advances for extracting proteins from FFPE tissue suitable for proteomic analysis. These methods, based largely upon heat-induced antigen retrieval techniques borrowed from immunohistochemistry, allow at least a qualitative analysis of the proteome of FFPE archival tissues. The authors also discuss recent advances in the proteomic analysis of FFPE tissue; including liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, reverse phase protein microarrays and imaging mass spectrometry.
Editorial: Special Issue in Privacy, Security and Trust for Mobile Systems

Recently, mobile devices, such as wireless sensors, smart tags, RFIDs, tablets, PDAs and smart phones, have become pervasive and attracted significant interest from academia, industry, and standardization organizations. Integrating the latest cloud computing technology, these mobile devices are playing a more and more important role in computing and communication systems. Millions of mobile applications have been developed in the last several years, which dramatically changes the way that people manage their daily life, for example, mobile payment and mobile social networks have changed our life significantly. When the storage, processing and communicating of many sensitive data have been migrated to mobile devices, privacy, security and trust become critical factors for the acceptance of mobile applications and maintaining a reliable mobile environment becomes an essential requirement. Several favorable characteristics of mobile andwireless devices, including portability, mobility, and sensitivity, further impose the challenge of security and privacy in these systems. Finally, the constrained hardware and software supports of those devices make it even more challenging to build a secure, privacy-preserving and trusted mobile system. Despite recent advances, many research issues still remain in the design of secure, privacypreserving, or trust architectures, protocols, algorithms, services, and applications on mobile and wireless systems. For example, when mobile devices have more storage space, higher bandwidth, and better sensing capability, more sensitive information will be stored over there and more demanding application will be created. On the other hand, operating systems running on these devices are not as powerful and reliable as those on traditional computers. Both OS layer and higher-level layer protocols are expected to enhance the security and preserve the privacy of these mobile devices. With more mobile devices being used in online social networks and various ad-hoc network systems, novel trust models are essential for new applications. New cryptographic algorithms, intrusion detection and preventionmechanisms,
Immunoperoxidase Test for Rabies: Utility as a Diagnostic Test:

Although a fast and reliable fluorescent antibody (FA) test for rabies diagnosis is available, ideally the diagnostic procedure requires fresh or frozen brain tissues. In some instances (and particularly for retrospective studies), fresh or frozen tissues may not be available. In such cases, immunohistochemical tests may be utilized. Because such tests have been used only in a limited number of cases, their diagnostic reliability has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study documents the results of a streptavidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase test on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues of domestic and wild animals that were positive on FA test for rabies prior to fixation. Thirty-nine of 40 rabies cases were positive with the ABC technique. Based on these preliminary results, the ABC technique appears reliable. However, more corroborative test results are needed before the ABC method can be used as a routine diagnostic procedure, especially with field samples and negative controls.
Functional Outcomes and Complications after Restorative Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis in the Pediatric Population

Background Data regarding the long-term outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis including pouch function and quality of life in the pediatric population are limited in pediatric patients. Study Design Indications for surgery, complications, long-term function, and quality of life were evaluated in pediatric patients undergoing ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Assessment of quality of life was performed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life score. Results There were 433 patients with a mean age of 18.04 ± 2.9 years. Final pathologic diagnoses were ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis (78.3%), familial adenomatous polyposis (15.7%), Crohn's disease (5.1%), and others (0.9%). There were 237 patients (54.7%) who underwent total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis; 196 (45.3%) underwent initial subtotal colectomy followed by completion proctectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Anastomosis was stapled in 352 patients (81.3%) and hand-sewn in 81 (18.7%) patients. Mean follow-up was 108.5 ± 78.4 months. At the most recent follow-up, mean Cleveland Global Quality of Life score was 0.8 ± 0.2 and numbers of daytime and night-time bowel movements were 5.3 ± 3.1 and 1.6 ± 1.3, respectively. The majority of the patients (86.8%) were fully continent or only complained of rare incontinence. Most patients had no seepage (day, 84.3%; night, 72.4%) and did not wear any pads (day, 89.3%; night, 84.3%). Most denied dietary (71.3%), social (84.8%), work (85.7%), or sexual restrictions (87.6%) at the time of last follow-up. There were 92.7% of patients who said they would undergo ileal pouch anal anastomosis again and 95.2% would recommend surgery to others. Conclusions Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis can be performed in pediatric patients with acceptable morbidity and is associated with good long-term results in terms of gastrointestinal function, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.
Dynamic and chemical controls on new particle formation occurrence and characteristics from in situ and satellite-based measurements

Abstract We analyze the association between satellite-based measurements of chemical conditions (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations), insolation (UV), and aerosol particle properties (aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE)); and the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF), formation rates (J6), growth rates (GR), and survival probabilities (SP) using particle size distribution measurements taken during two extended field campaigns at a forested location in southern Indiana. When conditionally sampled by event occurrence and non-occurrence the satellite-derived parameters exhibit significant differences and also show some degree of skill in predicting NPF though logistic regression analysis. During leaf-on measurement periods, NPF occurrence exhibits strong seasonality (NPF is more frequent in spring vs. summer) and is associated with a low condensational sink, while leaf-off NPF occurrence is associated with high near-surface UV receipt. Multiple linear regression equations of J6, GR, and SP using the chemical conditions as predictors exhibit some significant r2 values (p
Questioning Child Witnesses

Thousands of children testify each year in the United States (Ceci & de Bruyn, 1999). Children testify both as witnesses and victims in a variety of legal settings, including family court, dependency court, civil matters, and, most conspicuously, in criminal cases in which sexual abuse is alleged (Quas & Sumaroka, 2012). In many of these cases, much turns on the testimony of the child and whether jurors perceive it to be credible. Jurors often use heuristics or cues to evaluate credibility, such as facial expressions, eye contact, and the general demeanor of the child (Regan & Baker, 1998). Indeed, the United States Supreme Court held that children must testify in front of the jury, rather than behind screens or through the use of out-of-court statements, precisely because jurors need to view these cues in order to evaluate credibility (see, for e.g., Coy vs. Iowa, 1988).Unfortunately, these expectations are not reflective of the actual way in which children testify. For instance, studies indicate that jurors expect sexually abused children to cry and exhibit negative emotion when testifying about alleged abuse, and jurors tend to disbelieve child witnesses who do not emote in this way (Myers et al., 1999). But research indicates that children commonly do not cry or express negative emotions when describing sexual abuse (Sayfan et al., 2008), and there are a number logical of reasons for their unanimated testimony in general. For instance, children are often interviewed multiple times regarding the incident before testifying in court, or they may simply not have perceived the event as negative. What’s more, the emotion expressed by testifying children could be an artifact of the courtroom experience - i.e., being questioned by unfamiliar and potentially hostile attorneys - and have little to do with the alleged incident itself (Hill & Hill, 1987).
Exploring Challenges Faced by Students as they Transition to Social Justice Work in the “Real World”: Implications for Social Work

For students who are actively engaged in social justice efforts on their college/university campuses, the transition from a relatively easy platform for engagement to the “real world” can pose significant challenges and create new realities for negotiation. Little is known, however, about the nature of these transitions into post-graduate social justice experiences. Drawing on an open-ended survey of recent graduates (92 respondents, 50% response rate) from a social justice minor in a school of social work, we explore the ways in which respondents described their transitions into social justice work, focusing on a set of key challenges that emerged from our analysis and reflecting on the implications of these challenges for social work practice and future research. Understanding some of the challenges in making this transition will help social work and non-profit administrators to better support this population’s future volunteer, service, and employment needs.
The Passive Syntheses of Time

In his later work Husserl explored a genetic phenomenology which underpinned the static phenomenology of his earlier work. Genetic phenomenology explored the genesis of the possibility of judgments as arising out of the fundamental horizon of temporality occurring within primary passivity. This project was taken up by Deleuze in the exploration of a more comprehensive and detailed genesis of individuation and generic difference. In doing so Deleuze described three passive syntheses of time which he presents in a regressive order from conditioned to condition. However, Deleuze’s exposition of the most fundamental of especially the third passive synthesis of time is notoriously under described. This essay presents an experimental description which attempts, by reversing the order of exposition of the three syntheses and describing them in the order of genesis, rather than the order of the regress of conditions, to produce a more complete explication of the third passive synthesis and so to account for its genetic dynamism.
After-Arising Technologies and Tailoring Patent Scope

The patent law doctrine that allows patentees to gain exclusivity beyond what they literally claim in their patent - termed the doctrine of equivalents - has received a significant amount of attention as of late from both courts and scholars. Of particular emphasis in this recent focus on the doctrine of equivalents is the ability for patentees to gain exclusivity over equivalent after-arising technologies - technologies that develop after the patent's filing date. With this recent emphasis has come questions regarding the propriety of after-arising equivalents protection in patent law. The debate focuses on two main questions. First, whether the doctrine of equivalents is needed in order to actually exclude those who use after-arising technologies to practice the invention. Some contend that a patent claim drafter cannot anticipate and account for later developed substitutes for a claim element, and therefore the doctrine of equivalents is needed. Others suggest that the literal scope of the patent's claims - the traditional metric of the patent's scope of exclusivity - can provide the patentee with protection against later developed technologies. Second, even if the doctrine is the only mechanism through which the patentee can gain protection for after-arising equivalents, questions still arise as to whether the patent system should provide such protection. Allowing the patentee to exclude the use of technology developed after her invention can be seen as giving the patentee too much protection and providing a disincentive for subsequent inventions. On the other hand, after-arising equivalents protection may be crucial to providing the patentee with adequate patent protection and maintaining the incentive to invent. This Article takes a critical look at after-arising equivalents protection and concludes that such protection is needed to capture after-arising technologies but should be tailored to rapidly developing cumulative technology industries. In particular, tailoring protection in such way maintains the incentive to invent by giving the potential inventor some assurance that she can maintain her market position long enough to recoup her research and development costs. Furthermore, by focusing protection on rapidly developing industries, the deterrent effects on follow-on inventions are minimized and a self-correcting mechanism is introduced.
Evaluation of titanium carbide metal matrix composites deposited via laser cladding

Metal matrix composites have been widely studied in terms of abrasion resistance, but a particular material system may behave differently as particle size, morphology, composition, and distribution of the hardening phase varies. The purpose of this thesis was to understand the mechanical and microstructural effects of combining titanium carbide with 431 series stainless steel to create a unique composite via laser cladding, particularly regarding wear properties. The most predominant effect in increasing abrasion resistance, measured via ASTM G65, was confirmed to be volume fraction of titanium carbide addition. Macrohardness was directly proportional to the amount of carbide, though there was an overall reduction in individual particle microhardness after cladding. The reduction in particle hardness was obscured by the effect of volume fraction carbide and did not substantially contribute to the wear resistance changes. A model evaluating effective mean free path of the titanium carbide particles was created and correlated to the measured data. The model proved successful in linking theoretical mean free path to overall abrasion resistance. The effects of the titanium carbide particle distributions were limited, while differences in particle size were noticeable. The mean free path model did not correlate well with the particle size, but it was shown that the fine carbides were completely removed by the coarse abrasive particles in the ASTM G65 test. The particle morphology showed indications of influencing the wear mode, but no statistical reduction was observed in the volume loss figures. Future studies may more specifically focus on particle morphology or compositional effects of the carbide particles.
Weight Compensation of Undamaged Kernels in Response to Damage by Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

The relationship between level of sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), damage and weight of undamaged kernels, panicle sterility, and kernel weight was investigated in midge resistant and susceptible sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrid cultivars. A significant inverse relationship existed between the proportion of spikelets destroyed by midges and the weight of undamaged kernels in two of three susceptible hybrids as well as in three of seven case for two resistant hybrids. In only one trial involving a midge resistant hybrid was there a positive correlation between the two variables. However, these relationships were generally not significant at levels of damage below 40%. A significant positive relationship between the percentage of sterile panicle spikelets and of developed kernel weight occurred in half of the cases. Results of this study signify that for midge damage levels near economic threshold levels, the percentage of spikelets damaged by midges was approximately equal to percentage of yield loss—i.e., there was no compensation for midge damage. Partial sterility did not simulate midge damage.
Self-sustained femtosecond pulse generation from an actively mode-locked Nd:Glass laser

We demonstrated the generation of self-sustaining femtosecond pulses from an actively mode-locked Nd: silicate glass laser. Pulses as short as 83 fs were obtained. Kerr-lens mode locking effect provided the stabilization mechanism. It was found that for an inhomogeneously broadened laser, a large negative group velocity dispersion is needed to mitigate the resonant dispersion effect and help formation of a soliton-like pulse.
Cobalt lysis and methemoglobin accumulation in human erythrocyte suspensions.

SummaryCobaltous chloride in concentrations up to 8.0 mM in human red cell suspensions in a Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate-glucose media produced significant hemolysis under O2 but not under N2. Both O2 and cobalt have significant hemolytic effects and appear to greatly potentiate each other. Hemolysis favors methemoglobin accumulation in the extracellular fluid, but O2 has an additional effect in the opposite direction. By keeping the hemoglobin saturated, oxygen tends to prevent auto-oxidation of the pigment to methemoglobin. Thus, methemoglobin accumulation in erythrocyte suspensions exposed to cobalt is a net result of several opposing effects, but no evidence was obtained to suggest that cobalt is a specific inhibitor of methemoglobin reductase.
Keys to the Chiggers of North America with Synonymic Notes and Descriptions of Two New Genera (Acarina: Trombiculidae)

Diagnostic keys are given for 24 genera, 158 species, and 3 subspecies of trombiculid larvae from continental North America, including Mexico. Original references are given for all forms and groups included. New genera are: Sasacarus , type Chatia furmani Hoffmann , and Hoffmannina , type Novotrombicula suriana Hoffmann. New synonymy is given under three species, and several cases of suspected synonymy are also discussed.
Dietary salt regulates uroguanylin expression and signaling activity in the kidney, but not in the intestine.

The peptide uroguanylin (Ugn) is expressed at significant levels only in intestine and kidney, and is stored in both tissues primarily (perhaps exclusively) as intact prouroguanylin (proUgn). Intravascular infusion of either Ugn or proUgn evokes well‐characterized natriuretic responses in rodents. Furthermore, Ugn knockout mice display hypertension and salt handling deficits, indicating that the Na+ excretory mechanisms triggered when the peptides are infused into anesthetized animals are likely to operate under normal physiological conditions, and contribute to electrolyte homeostasis in conscious animals. Here, we provide strong corroborative evidence for this hypothesis, by demonstrating that UUgnV (the rate of urinary Ugn excretion) approximately doubled in conscious, unrestrained rats consuming a high‐salt diet, and decreased by ~15% after salt restriction. These changes in UUgnV were not associated with altered plasma proUgn levels (shown here to be an accurate index of intestinal proUgn secretion). Furthermore, enteric Ugn mRNA levels were unaffected by salt intake, whereas renal Ugn mRNA levels increased sharply during periods of increased dietary salt consumption. Together, these data suggest that diet‐evoked Ugn signals originate within the kidney, rather than the intestine, thus strengthening a growing body of evidence against a widely cited hypothesis that Ugn serves as the mediator of an entero‐renal natriuretic signaling axis, while underscoring a likely intrarenal natriuretic role for the peptide. The data further suggest that intrarenal Ugn signaling is preferentially engaged when salt intake is elevated, and plays only a minor role when salt intake is restricted.
An Unusual Complication of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis

AbstractWe report a case of erosion of a corporeal cylinder of the Mentor penile prosthesis. The management and possible etiology are discussed.
Split-luciferase complementation assay to detect channel–protein interactions in live cells

The understanding of ion channel function continues to be a significant driver in molecular pharmacology. In this field of study, protein-protein interactions are emerging as fundamental molecular determinants of ion channel function and as such are becoming an attractive source of highly specific targets for drug development. The investigation of ion channel macromolecular complexes, however, still relies on conventional methods that are usually technically challenging and time-consuming, significantly hampering our ability to identify, characterize and modify ion channel function through targeted molecular approaches. As a response to the urgent need of developing rapid and albeit accurate technologies to survey ion channel molecular complexes, we describe a new application of the split-luciferase complementation assay to study the interaction of the voltage-gated Na + channel with the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 and its dynamic regulation in live cells. We envision that the flexibility and accessibility of this assay will have a broad impact in the ion channel field complementing structural and functional studies, enabling the interrogation of protein-channel dynamic interactions in complex cellular contexts and laying the basis for new frameworks in drug discovery campaigns.
Fractures involving the digits of the hand.

Summary Trauma involving the digits frequently results in fractures and dislocations. If severe or if improperly treated, they may result in instability, stiffness, pain, and loss of normal function. Certain principles of treatment have been outlined. Unstable fractures must be secured by proper immobilization. Guarded early motion should receive high priority. The frequently difficult to treat Bennett fracture of the basal joint of the thumb and the fracture dislocation of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint of the finger are discussed. Methods permitting precise reduction and fixation and early movement are suggested to discourage the frequent sequelae of degenerative arthritis.
Operative intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism offers greater bone recovery in patients with sporadic disease than in those with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related hyperparathyroidism.

Background We investigated whether the outcome of bone disease of primary hyperparathyroidism differs in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1–associated disease and sporadic hyperparathyroidism at 1-year postoperatively. Methods Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1/hyperparathyroidism and sporadic hyperparathyroidism patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1990 to 2013 and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 1-year postoperatively were included. Preoperative and postoperative dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements (bone mineral density and Z-score at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck) were analyzed. Results We evaluated 14 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1/hyperparathyroidism and 104 sporadic hyperparathyroidism patients. The preoperative Z-scores at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck were lower in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1/hyperparathyroidism group ( P = .05, P = .04, and P = .0081, respectively). Comparison of preoperative and postoperative dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements demonstrated that the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1/hyperparathyroidism group had a significantly higher Z-score at the lumbar spine ( P = .02) at 1 year after operation, whereas the sporadic hyperparathyroidism group had a significantly higher Z-score at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck ( P P = .0004, and P = .0001) and higher bone mineral density at the lumbar spine ( P = .0001). Conclusion Long-term monitoring of these patients using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is required to assess outcomes and facilitate decisions on the timing of operative intervention.
Controlling interlayer interactions in vanadium pentoxide-poly(ethylene oxide) nanocomposites for enhanced magnesium-ion charge transport and storage

Abstract Rechargeable magnesium batteries provide the potential for lower cost and improved safety compared with lithium-ion batteries, however obtaining cathode materials with highly reversible Mg-ion capacities is hindered by the high polarizability of divalent Mg-ions and slow solid-state Mg-ion diffusion. We report that incorporating poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) between the layers of hydrated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) xerogels results in significantly improved reversible Mg-ion capacities. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the interlayer spacing between V2O5 layers was increased by PEO incorporation. Vibrational spectroscopy supports that the polymer interacts with the V2O5 lattice. The V2O5-PEO nanocomposite exhibited a 5-fold enhancement in Mg-ion capacity, improved stability, and improved rate capabilities compared with V2O5 xerogels. The Mg-ion diffusion coefficient of the nanocomposite was increased compared with that of V2O5 xerogels which is attributed to enhanced Mg-ion mobility due to the shielding interaction of PEO with the V2O5 lattice. This study shows that beyond only interlayer spacing, the nature of interlayer interactions of Mg-ions with V2O5, PEO, and H2O are key factors that affect Mg-ion charge transport and storage in layered materials. The design of layered materials with controlled interlayer interactions provides a new approach to develop improved cathodes for magnesium batteries.
Arterial waveguide model for shear wave elastography: Implementation and in vitro validation

Arterial stiffness is found to be an early indicator of many cardiovascular diseases. Among various techniques, shear wave elastography has emerged as a promising tool for estimating local arterial stiffness through the observed dispersion of guided waves. In this paper, we develop efficient models for the computational simulation of guided wave dispersion in arterial walls. The models are capable of considering fluid-loaded tubes, immersed in fluid or embedded in a solid, which are encountered in in vitro/ex vivo, and in vivo experiments. The proposed methods are based on judiciously combining Fourier transformation and finite element discretization, leading to a significant reduction in computational cost while fully capturing complex 3D wave propagation. The developed methods are implemented in open-source code, and verified by comparing them with significantly more expensive, fully 3D finite element models. We also validate the models using the shear wave elastography of tissue-mimicking phantoms. The computational efficiency of the developed methods indicates the possibility of being able to estimate arterial stiffness in real time, which would be beneficial in clinical settings.
Overview of Psychological Considerations in the Management of Patients with Chronic Respiratory Conditions

Chronic respiratory illness is often difficult to manage and associate with challenges to overall health-specific quality of life issues. The mechanisms through which patients appraise health-related threats and manage coping resources to combat this threat are discussed. Early identification of psychosocial risk factors including depression and anxiety, as well as coping resources, may significantly influence the course of one’s disease and overall quality of life. Response to illness may be influenced by multiple factors and is highly variable from individual to individual. Premorbid psychological health is a predictor of the likely coping skills a patient has in place, as well as their emotional and cognitive abilities to manage the stressors of illness. However, individual experiences with disease, sensitivities to specific illness burden, limitations and threats to one’s resources and coping skills from the disease itself may take a heavy toll on the patient. The relationship between physical and mental health is in no way unidirectional. Though psychological hardiness may be protective against some diseases, it has been well established that mental illness is associated with higher risk for diseases such as cardiovascular illness, diabetes, and many cancers. In addition to premorbid risk factors that could challenge a patient’s response to illness, possible iatrogenic effects of treatment for respiratory illnesses in addition to the illness itself should be carefully tracked and managed during the course of treatment.
Quantitative Determination of the Differential Raman Scattering Cross Sections of Glucose by Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that has been used in a wide variety of applications: from transient vibrational signature tracking to amplifying weak normal Raman scattering signals. Presented here is an application of FSRS to quantify the differential Raman scattering cross sections (DRSCs) of glucose. In using FSRS to determine the DRSCs of multiple glucose vibrational modes, we demonstrate the applicability of both stimulated Raman loss (SRL) spectroscopy and stimulated Raman gain (SRG) FSRS. Using the two analogous FSRS techniques, SRG and SRL, we determine that the DRSCs of glucose excited at 514.5 nm range from a low of 5.0 ± 1.1 × 10–30 to a high of 8.9 ± 0.9 × 10–30 cm2 molecule–1 sr–1. This work establishes both the compatibility of SRL for measuring DRSCs and values for the DRSC of multiple vibrational modes of glucose.
Feasibility of Satellite Navigation Using High-Definition Television Tower Transmissions

This paper studies the feasibility of using high-definition television signals for on-orbit satellite navigation. Satellite orbits studied include low, circular orbits of a wide range of altitude a...
Age and Sex Interact to Mediate the Effects of Intermittent, High-Dose Ethanol Exposure on Behavioral Flexibility.

Human alcoholics have been shown to have impaired cognitive control over actions and increased reliance on habitual response strategies. While it is unclear in humans whether these differences predate ethanol exposure or result from chronic drinking, data from animal studies suggest that ethanol acts to promote the development of inflexible behaviors. Here, we investigated how intermittent exposure to high doses of ethanol impacts the ability to flexibly regulate behavior in a habit model. As adolescence may represent a period of increased drug taking and developmental vulnerability that may impact adult behavior, we compared the effects of high-dose ethanol exposure during adolescence to exposure during adulthood in male and female rats. Our findings indicated that the effects of intermittent, high-dose ethanol exposure on habitual behavior is mediated by age and sex such that ethanol exposure during adolescence promoted the use of habitual response strategies in adult females, but not males, and that the opposite pattern emerged following intermittent, high-dose ethanol exposure in adult rats.
Mechanisms Mediating Pediatric Severe Asthma and Potential Novel Therapies.

Although a rare disease, severe therapy resistant asthma in children is a cause of significant morbidity and results in utilization of approximately 50% of healthcare resources for asthma. Improving control for children with severe asthma is therefore an urgent unmet clinical need. As a group, children with severe asthma have severe and multiple allergies, steroid resistant airway eosinophilia, and significant structural changes of the airway wall (airway remodeling). Omalizumab is currently the only add-on therapy that is licensed for use in children with severe asthma. However, limitations of its use include ineligibility for approximately one-third of patients because of serum IgE levels outside the recommended range, and lack of clinical efficacy in a further one-third. Pediatric severe asthma is thus markedly heterogeneous, but our current understanding of the different mechanisms underpinning various phenotypes is very limited. We know that there are distinctions between the factors that drive pediatric and adult disease since pediatric disease develops in the context of a maturing immune system and during lung growth and development. This review summarizes the current data that gives insight into the pathophysiology of pediatric severe asthma and will highlight potential targets for novel therapies. It is apparent that in order to identify novel treatments for pediatric severe asthma, the challenge of undertaking mechanistic studies using age appropriate experimental models and airway samples from children needs to be accepted to allow a targeted approach of personalized medicine to be achieved.
College Football Success and the Quantity and Quality of Applicants: Evidence from the BCS

College football has become big business for universities with the increase in television contracts and exposure. Concurrently, as a recent Harris Interactive poll indicates, college football has the same level of popularity as Major League Baseball. With this increase in popularity, questions arise about the effects on applications, enrollment, and the quality of the students at a university. In this paper, we use a panel data set of university funding, applications, enrollment and the quality of students at the university measured by percentile on entrance exams from 2002 to 2009 to examine the effects of various levels of success including: BCS national championships, conference championships and AP top 25 rankings. Our results indicate, individually, that national championships and AP top 25 rankings can lower the quantity and quality of applicants and enrollees, however, conference championships can positively impact the quantity and quality of applicants and enrollees. Yet, when the success measures are combined, tests reveal that overall success negatively affects the quantity and quality of applicants and enrollees.
P056 Cellular crossmatch (CXM) by flowspot predicts cellular rejection in kidney transplantation

Aim To evaluate newly developed CXM assay in prediction of cellular rejection of kidney transplantation. Methods: CXM: Irradiated auto or donor PBMC were co-incubated with recipient PBMC and Th1 (IFNγ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine capture beads for overnight. After cell lysis, the captured cytokines on each bead were detected by PE-labeled 2nd antibody on a flow cytometer. The percentage of positive beads (Flowspot %) were counted which proportionately correlated with numbers of donor specific responding cells. The MFI level correlated with the cytokine secretion capability of responding cells. DSA-FXM: Stanford method; Standard methods: T/B cell FXM, Luminex IgG/C1q SAB. Results PBMC from two cellular rejection kidney transplantation clinical cases were tested by CXM Flowspot assay. Case 1 LMX IgG/C1q DSA was negative in pre-14 days patient serum. T/B FXM results showed auto positive and allo positive and DSA FXM also detected auto- and allo- CI and CII DSA in the same serum. Patient had cellular rejection on 19th day after kidney transplantation (Tx), proved by biopsy (ACR 1B-2). The retrospective CXM on patient PBMC (14 days before transplantation) showed that the recipient had increased secretion of IFNγ and IL-2 to donor cells. De novo LMX-IgG DSA B44, B57, DQ6, DP3 (MFI: 948–2512) were found in post-11 and 18 days sera; and LMX-C1q DSA B44, B57, DQ6 (MFI: 2302–11551) in post-18 days serum. Case 2 LMX-IgG detected possible DR52 (MFI: 816) DSA but none complement fixing antibody in pre-8 days serum. T/B FXM results were negative and no DSA was detected by DSA-FXM in the same sample. However, patient got cellular rejection post-transplantation (ACR 1A). The retrospective CXM by Flowspot on patient PBMC (pre-43 days) showed strong donor specific IFNγ and IL-2 secretions. Conclusions CXM by Flowspot is able to detect donor specific immunity in recipient. It potentially can be used to predict cellular rejection in kidney transplantation. Download : Download high-res image (292KB) Download : Download full-size image
Implementing a Health System-wide Patient Blood Management Program with a Clinical Community Approach.

BACKGROUND Patient blood management programs are gaining popularity as quality improvement and patient safety initiatives, but methods for implementing such programs across multihospital health systems are not well understood. Having recently incorporated a patient blood management program across our health system using a clinical community approach, we describe our methods and results. METHODS We formed the Johns Hopkins Health System blood management clinical community to reduce transfusion overuse across five hospitals. This physician-led, multidisciplinary, collaborative, quality-improvement team (the clinical community) worked to implement best practices for patient blood management, which we describe in detail. Changes in blood utilization and blood acquisition costs were compared for the pre- and post-patient blood management time periods. RESULTS Across the health system, multiunit erythrocyte transfusion orders decreased from 39.7 to 20.2% (by 49%; P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients transfused decreased for erythrocytes from 11.3 to 10.4%, for plasma from 2.9 to 2.2%, and for platelets from 3.1 to 2.7%, (P < 0.0001 for all three). The number of units transfused per 1,000 patients decreased for erythrocytes from 455 to 365 (by 19.8%; P < 0.0001), for plasma from 175 to 107 (by 38.9%; P = 0.0002), and for platelets from 167 to 141 (by 15.6%; P = 0.04). Blood acquisition cost savings were $2,120,273/yr, an approximate 400% return on investment for our patient blood management efforts. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a health system-wide patient blood management program by using a clinical community approach substantially reduced blood utilization and blood acquisition costs.
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy

Negative-pressure wound therapy has become an accepted therapy for many types of acute and chronic wounds including deep pressure injuries, vascular ulcers, traumatic wounds, postsurgical wounds, and burns. Mechanism of action includes wound contraction, microdeformational healing, granulation tissue formation, fluid evacuation, moisture balance, and microbial management. The wound-healing device can be used in many anatomic locations and for various wound types. New applications, risks, and contraindications are discussed.
Motivation in the Real World: The Fine Art of Getting Extra Effort from Everyone-Including Yourself

(1998). Motivation in the Real World: The Fine Art of Getting Extra Effort from Everyone-Including Yourself. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 120-121.
Internet of Things Applications for Agriculture

The Internet of Things ( IoT ) represents a set of emerging technologies that is revolutionizing the agriculture industry and enabling farmers to contend with the enormous challenges in the twenty‐first century. Precision agriculture ( PA ), which is also known as site‐specific farming, represents an information‐driven agricultural management system. The PA management system is designed to improve the agricultural processes by enabling continues soil/plant monitoring and precise treatment. With the latest technology, cloud‐based IoT control center collects and processes real‐time data of both crops and environment with regard to planting, fertilizing, and harvesting crops, at appropriate time and duration. Through this way, IoT ‐embedded PA can be achieved to increase the quality, quantity, sustainability, and cost effectiveness of agricultural production. The chapter provides an overview of the current situation and future prospects of IoT applications in PA . More specifically, typical IoT ‐based PA applications are presented in different sections, including precision irrigation, precision fertilization, crop disease and management, pest control, equipment automation, and precision livestock farming.
Stalin at War, 1918–1953: Patterns of Violence and Foreign Threat

Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union from the 1920s to his death in 1953, often invoked the specter of war. For some reason, however, we have never taken those invocations seriously. We have always understood them as a manipulative device, either to gain political advantage over his opponents, to mobilize the population, to deflect blame for ill-advised and extreme policies, or in some other way to consolidate the dictator’s power. This article argues that the dictator’s expectations of war were not just discursive or rhetorical, as most histories argue. In fact, Stalin’s perceptions of external threat were inextricably intertwined with internal policies of mass repression, as well as campaigns of industrial mobilization. This article examines the patterns of radicalized internal violence that so characterized the Stalinist regime, and connects them to the dictator’s perceptions of war and foreign threat. Discussion focuses on the crisis years 1927-1932, 1936-1939, the Great Patriotic War, and the last war crisis period, 1946-1952. Violent repressions under Stalin were cyclical, peaking and ebbing but, in each case, they were linked to Stalin’s expectation of war and invasion, and they followed a pattern established during the dictator’s experience as a military commander in the Russian revolutionary and civil wars, from 1918 to 1920. This article examines those links, and it compares the cyclical character of Stalinist repression to the pattern of cumulative radicalization of violence under the German National Socialist regime.
Modeling of ASH Deposit Growth and Sintering in PC-Fired Boilers

A deposit sintering model has been developed and integrated into the comprehensive combustion code PCGC-3. Comparisons of model predictions with experimental data from a pilot-scale facility indicate that the model adequately represents key physical processes. The model should therefore be useful for predicting the ash deposition behavior of a variety of different coals. Utility boiler simulations were used to illustrate the sensitivity of the model to ash chemistry. Future work will focus on gathering more deposition data in order to further validate, improve, and apply the model.