cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Temperature on Black-Capped Vireo Nest-site Selection

Reproductive success is highly influenced by nest-site selection for avian species in breeding habitats, and variation in the physical environment can drive small-scale changes in the nest-site selection process. We examined the influence of temperature on Vireo atricapilla (Black-capped Vireo; hereafter Vireo) nest-site selection at Kerr Wildlife Management Area (KWMA) in Kerr County, TX (March–July 2013 and 2014). We measured ambient temperature across points that represented the continuum of vegetation characteristics used by Vireos at our study sites during the breeding season. We also found and monitored 181 Vireo nests, collected vegetation data, and compared vegetation characteristics between areas used and not used by Vireos. Finally, we investigated whether Vireo nest-site characteristics changed over the course of the breeding season in relation to the temperature profile of vegetation at our study sites. As expected, temperature increased over the course of the breeding season. Vireo nest sites had higher percent shrub cover than areas not used for nesting by Vireos. Vireos selected different vegetation characteristics for nesting as the breeding season progressed, but we did not find differences in temperature across vegetation types, suggesting that temperature is not the driving factor in Vireo nest-site selection in locations where temperatures remain consistently high throughout the breeding season. However, we could not directly measure temperature at nest-site locations. Therefore, Vireos may exhibit some degree of thermal preference at smaller spatial scales. Additionally, our results suggest that Vireos may require nesting habitat with more shrub cover than previously recommended.
Dementia and Poststroke Major Depression

Numerous studies have identified depression as a frequent consequence of ischemic brain infarction [1–4], and several studies have identified greater cognitive impairment in depressed compared with nondepressed patients following stroke [5–7].
DEFORMATIONS AND MOLECULAR MOTIONS IN POLYMERS ABOVE THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE

Time-dependent deformations of polymers above the glass transition temperature are related to spectra of relaxation times which reflect certain modes of configurational motion of the macromolecules. The spacings and magnitudes of these characteristic times, even as determined from experiments in small deformations, are important in understanding large deformations and processes of rupture, since the rates of molecular motions will set the time scale for these as well. In very dilute solution, all relaxation times (except perhaps the shortest) are proportional to solvent viscosity; their spacings have been derived theoretically and checked experimentally for a variety of linear and branched molecules. In concentrated and undiluted systems, the presence of entanglement coupling sharply differentiates the time or frequency scale into characteristic zones of viscoelastic behavior. In the transition zone, the relaxation times reflecting local motions are proportional to a monomeric friction coefficient. The dependence of the friction coefficient on temperature, pressure, diluent concentration, and other variables can be described and formulated with an auxiliary parameter, the fractional free volume. The spacing of the transition-zone relaxation times in concentrated systems is less well understood, though the Rouse spectrum is a first approximation. In the terminal zone, relaxation times of uncross-linked polymers are enormously prolonged by entanglement coupling and appear to be quite closely spaced. In lightly cross-linked systems, effects of trapped and untrapped entanglement loci may be distinguished. The dependence of contributions to modulus or compliance on concentration, molecular weight, and other variables must be considered separately for each zone of viscoelastic behavior.
Characterization of gastric myoelectrical rhythms in patients with systemic sclerosis using multichannel surface electrogastrography

The aim of this study was to characterize multichannel surface electrogastrography (EGG) recordings in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) compared to normal controls. Ten SSc patients and 13 healthy age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using a four-channel electrogastrograph with abdominal surface electrodes. The EGG was recorded in the morning for 1 hr in the fasting state, and 1 hr after a standardized (500 kcal) test meal. It was found that: (1) The regularity of the gastric slow wave was significantly lower in the SSc patients when compared with the normal controls in both fasting and fed states. (2) There was a significantly higher incidence of bradygastria in the SSc patients. (3) The SSc patients showed a significantly lower percentage of slow wave coupling among the four-channel EGGs than the controls. (4) In comparison with the controls, the patients showed an impaired spatial distribution of gastric slow wave power in both fasting and fed states and an impaired spatial distribution of slow wave frequency in the fasting state. It was concluded that SSc patients have an abnormal gastric slow wave as shown in the multichannel EGG as a decreased percentage of normal slow waves and impaired spatial coordination of gastric slow waves. The multichannel EGG may serve as a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective method to assess gastric motility disorders and their relevance in patients with SSc.
Tuning the Surface Ordering of Self-Assembled Ionic Surfactants on Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Concentration, Tube Diameter, and Counterions

We report direct spectroscopic measurements of the macromolecular organization of ionic surfactants on the surface of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within solution-processed thin films. By using vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, sensitive measurements of interfacial surfactant ordering were obtained as a function of surfactant concentration for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-encapsulated (6,5) and (7,6) SWCNTs with and without excess electrolytes. Anionic surfactants are known to effectively stabilize SWCNTs. The current models suggest a strong influence of the dispersion conditions on the surfactant interfacial macromolecular organization and self-assembly. Direct experimental probes of such an organization using nanotubes of specific chirality are needed to validate the existing models. We found that as the bulk SDS concentration increases near the surfactant critical micelle concentration, the interfacial ordering increased, approaching the formation of cy...
The Big Red Ruckus @ Love: From Cooperation to Collaboration

Abstract This chapter examines a partnership between an academic library at a four-year research institution and the First-Year Experience and Transition staff, which resulted in an annual campuswide orientation for first-year students. It explores the issues involved in forming effective collaborations and outlines the advantages that occur when these partnerships focus on goals that are aligned to the university's strategic plans. Through the implementation of needs assessments and the development of common goals, this chapter explains how libraries should build continuity into the committee structure to ensure that events of this nature are sustainable and relevant to the academic success of the students.
Mirror, mirror, who is thinner?A direct effect moderation model of ad model-viewer body size gap

Amid fierce criticism of the ‘thinness sells’ approach to marketing, advertisers face challenges not only from the public but also from policy makers. This study provides advertisers with a reason ...
Odds of work zone crash occurrence and getting involved in advance warning, transition, and activity areas by injury severity

Abstract Work zone area types include advance warning area, transition area, and activity area. The geometric conditions, traffic control aspects, traffic operations, and driver's maneuverability differ within each work zone area type. Therefore, the odds of getting involved in a crash and factors associated with injury severity vary by work zone area type. The focus of this research is to examine the odds of getting involved in a crash in work zone advance warning, transition, and activity areas by injury severity. Five years (2010–2014) of crash data for the state of North Carolina was obtained from the Highway Safety Information Systems (HSIS) and used in this research. Three partial proportional odds models and one proportional odds model were developed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) in this research. The results indicate that the odds of getting involved in a work zone crash in the transition area when compared to the advance warning area is higher during cloudy weather condition, on wet roads and interstates, and on roads equipped with double yellow / no passing zone, with rigid post barrier, grass, and flexible post barrier median. Further, the odds of getting involved in a work zone crash in the activity area when compared to the advance warning area is higher during cloudy weather condition, on interstate and US routes, and on roads with stop and go signal, double yellow / no passing zone and flexible post barrier median. Overall, the findings indicate that the odds and factors associated with crash occurrence depend on the work zone area type. The odds of getting involved in a severe or moderate injury crash is higher on curved roads in all the three work zone area types compared to straight roads. It is higher 1) in the advance warning area on roads with semi-flexible post barrier medians, 2) in the transition area on US routes, and 3) in the activity area on dark lighted roads, US routes, and State routes. Overall, the odds of getting involved in a severe or moderate injury crash and associated factors vary by work zone area type. The findings from this research assist the practitioners to take precautionary measures and reduce the odds of getting involved in a crash by implementing work zone area-specific safety countermeasures.
Comparison of the crystal chemistry of tellurium (VI), molybdenum (VI), and tungsten (VI) in double perovskite oxides and related materials

Abstract A comprehensive structural comparison of 56 Te6+-, Mo6+-, and W6+-containing oxides with the double perovskite stoichiometry (A2BB′O6) is presented. This work shows that much like d0 Mo6+- and W6+-containing perovskites, p0 Te6+-containing compositions are strongly affected by the tolerance factor and identities of the A- and B-cations. To make this comparison more complete, the ambient temperature crystal structures of five A2BTeO6 (A = Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+; B = Zn2+ or Cd2+) perovskites were determined via powder diffraction and their vibronic and electronic structures were probed via infrared and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The new structural information reported here coupled with a thorough review of relevant literature demonstrates that Te6+, with its sigma bonding preference and lack of allowed orbital mixing gives rise to additional structure types that are not commonly observed in the Mo6+ or W6+ analogues. Analysis of double perovskites containing the hexavalent cations comparing the tolerance factor to the difference in ionic radii of the cations with octahedral coordination is presented. Additionally, examination of the Coulombic repulsions between the B and Te6+ cations plotted as a function of difference in the twelve- and seven-coordinate ionic radii for the A- and B-cations respectively provides new insight on why A2BTeO6 and A2BWO6 (A = B = Sr2+ or Ba2+) adopt perovskite structures with non-cooperative octahedral tilting distortions, while cooperative octahedral distortions are observed when the A and B sites are occupied by smaller cations like Ca2+ and Cd2+.
Within-family differences in Head Start participation and parent investment

Abstract There is limited understanding of how parents’ allocation of investments across their children are affected by differences in their children's participation in programs that promote early development. I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine whether parents reinforce or compensate for differences in their children's access to an early education program, Head Start. I use a family fixed effects approach to contrast measures of parental investment, when children were age 5 through 14, for children who attended Head Start relative to their siblings who did not attend preschool. I find that parents provided lower levels of cognitive stimulation and emotional support to children who attended Head Start relative to their siblings who did not attend preschool. Although impacts are relatively small in magnitude (0.05 SD), results suggest that parent compensate for differences in access to early childhood educational opportunities.
Comparing control options for time-series RNA sequencing experiments in nonmodel organisms: An example from grasses.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a widely used approach to investigate gene expression and increasingly is used in time-course studies to characterize transcriptomic changes over time. Two primary options are available as controls in time-course experiments: samples collected at the first sampling time are used as controls (temporal control, TC) and samples collected in parallel at each individual sampling time are used as controls (biological control, BC). While both approaches are used in experimental studies, we know of no analyses performed to date that directly compare effects of control type choices on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and subsequent functional analysis. In the current study, we compare experimental results using these different control types for time-course RNA-seq drought stress experiments in two wild grass species in the genus Paspalum. Our results showed BC assemblies gave a higher number of loci in both species. The number of DEGs increased with increasing stress and then decreased dramatically at the recovery time point using both control types. Expression levels of the same DEGs were highly correlated between control types in both species, ranging from r = .653 to r = .852. We also observed similar rank orders of shared enriched Gene Ontology term lists using the two different control types. Collectively, our findings suggest similar results in differential gene expression and functional annotation between control types. The ultimate choice of control type will rely on the experimental length and organism type, with labour time and sequencing costs as additional factors to be considered.
An agent-based approach to study the diffusion rate and the effect of policies on joint placement of photovoltaic panels and green roof under climate change uncertainty

Abstract As two of the highest trending green technologies, photovoltaic panels and green roofs are proven to be effective practices for energy generation and energy saving. The achievable impact from the widespread installation of such technologies is, however, not clearly established. This is mainly because the degree of this impact highly depends on the inherently uncertain environmental and climate factors, as well as the unknown adoption rates of these technologies, which in turn depend on different characteristics of decision makers and interactions among them. To that end, this study aims to investigate the diffusion rate of these green technologies under uncertainties caused by climate change, characteristics of adopters, and their interactions. An integrated framework is developed to capture the interplay between financial and attitudinal aspects, as well as the uncertainties due to both the stochastic nature of system parameters and the interactions among agents involving human beings. Specifically, this framework consists of a integer programming model to optimize the green roof and/or photovoltaic panel installation settings for a given building under climate change uncertainty, and an agent-based model to factor in the role of human behavior and interactions. A case study for the city of Knoxville, TN, is presented to evaluate the effects of different policies on the diffusion rate of the green technologies of interest. The results show that the affordability of green technologies and public awareness are the key drivers of the adoption of these technologies, which highlight the important role of the decision makers in impacting the diffusion rate.
Effectiveness and Costs Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Targeted Immunomodulators Using Real-World U.S. Data.

This article has been corrected. Please see J Manag Care Spec Pharm, 2020;26(10):1256 BACKGROUND: Targeted immunomodulators (TIMs) are used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthri...
EduPar-20 Keynote Speaker: The Computing and Information Science Landscape: A look forward

The fields of computer and information science and engineering (CISE) are central to nearly all of society's needs, opportunities, and challenges. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) was created 70 years ago with a broad mission to promote the progress of science and to catalyze societal and economic benefits. NSF, largely through its CISE directorate which has an annual budget of more than $1B, accounts for over 85% of federally-funded, academic, fundamental computer science research in the US. My talk will give an overview of NSF/CISE research, education, and research infrastructure programs, and relate them to the technical and societal trends and topics that will impact their future trajectory. My talk will highlight opportunity areas for education and workforce development across the computing and information sciences, with a particular emphasis on parallelism and advanced computing and information topics.
The Lost History of Delegation at the Founding

The new Supreme Court is poised to bring the administrative state to a grinding halt. Five Justices have endorsed Justice Gorsuch’s dissent in Gundy v. United States — an opinion that threatens to invalidate countless regulatory statutes in which Congress has delegated significant policymaking authority to the executive branch. Justice Gorsuch claimed that the “text and history” of the Constitution required the Court to replace a longstanding constitutional doctrine that permits broad delegations with a more restrictive one. But the supposedly originalist arguments advanced by Justice Gorsuch and like-minded scholars run counter to the understandings of delegation that prevailed in the Founding era. This Article brings to light previously overlooked historical evidence of debates over the constitutionality of delegation in the First Congress, as well as an in-depth analysis of important policy decisions that the First Congress subsequently delegated to the executive branch. It shows that Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and the First Congress all approved of legislation that delegated some of our nation’s most consequential policy decisions to the executive branch. Delegation was the First Congress’s solution to what was arguably the greatest problem facing our fledgling Republic: a potentially insurmountable national debt. Alexander Hamilton proposed a debt restructuring plan that would delegate Congress’s Article I, section 8 power to “borrow Money,” and James Madison and other members of the First Congress debated this delegation before concluding that it was constitutional. The resulting legislation delegated decisions regarding borrowing and payment policies of the utmost importance to the national economy to President Washington and executive officers serving on the Sinking Fund Commission. Delegation was also the First Congress’s solution to a protracted dispute over national patent rights to revolutionary steam power technology. Although the Intellectual Property Clause empowered Congress to resolve inventors’ competing petitions for exclusive patent rights, the First Congress declined to do so and instead passed a bare-bones patent act that required executive officers to determine fundamental legal parameters for granting patents. The first U.S. debt and patent legislation implicated some of the most significant policy questions facing our nation, and Hamilton, Madison, and the First Congress never understood the Constitution to require that Congress decide these questions. The doctrine recognized in the Founding era provides no reason for the Court to overhaul Congress’s constitutionally prescribed role or set aside over eighty years of precedent.
Spatiotemporal variation of environmental conditions and prey availability that drive Arctic nearshore fish community structure in the Point Barrow, Alaska, region

The Arctic nearshore surrounding Point Barrow, Alaska, is a dynamic system with complex oceanographic and meteorological processes that drive community composition to change rapidly in space and ti...
'Overlap and Interlace': Thoreau’s Thawing Sandbank as Transgenic Artwork

In the “Spring” chapter of Walden, Henry David Thoreau’s portrait of a melting, thawing sandbank, as a place of “overlap and interlace”, is a bio-semiotic primal scene. For Thoreau, language itself is an agent of transgenic fusion, finding interlinked roots and common properties at every turn. Thoreau’s wordplay is a page rehearsal for later forms of laboratory-assisted, genre-hopping bio-art in which cross-bred materials form inter-species puns and organic conundrums, phrases from the Old Testament and Descartes are translated via code into DNA base pairs and inserted into plants and bacteria, and gene-splicing becomes a creative act. Using sequencing gels and calipers, autoclaves and plasmid samples, transgenic art plays in the gap between our genes’ lettristic code and manifested matter : Thoreau straddles this same divide with puns and wordplay based on some of the more occult linguistic theories of his day.
A General-Regression-Neural-Network Based 5V-to-48V Three-Level Buck/Boost Power Converter with 40dB PSRR 90%-Efficiency for SSD Power Loss Protection

Solid-state drives (SSDs) are widely used in data centers, workstations and PCs to replace hard drives for their high data rate, low energy consumption and compact size. To protect the SSD’s cache buffers and mapping table during unpredicted power loss, power loss protection (PLP) circuits are required as a backup power supply to power the SSD for 10s of milliseconds. As shown in Fig. 1, when the SSD is powered by V IN , the buck converter in the PLP is in stand-by mode while the boost converter charges an energy-storage capacitor C STORGE , to V SC ,(12V) and maintains this voltage during the standby mode [1]. Once a sudden power loss is detected, the buck converter is activated as the uninterrupted backup power supply to continue powering the SSD by converting V SC into the output voltage $V_{LOAD}$ (5V) for the SSD. To ensure enough PLP time under low V SC , large-volume tantalum capacitors or supercapacitors are commonly used for PLP circuits, which are expensive and bulky [2]. When PLP circuits are in backup operation, V SC across C STORGE monotonically decays from $V_{SC,MAX}$ to 5V over several milliseconds which poses challenges to the line regulation of the buck converter [1], [2]. Another challenge in conventional buck converter design is that its transient response is fundamentally limited by its slow feedback loop with a power-hungry error amplifier and bulky compensation network. In addition, conventional buck converters based on silicon switches lack energy efficiency when dealing with high V SC and high switching frequencies due to low figures-of-merit of the silicon power switches [3]. This is worse when a two-level buck converter operates under a high V SC since there are excessive voltage stresses across each of the power switches [4]. In summary, for PLP circuits, it is highly desirable to develop buck/boost power converters with fast transient response, high energy efficiency, compact size, and low cost.
A Case of Coexistence of Aplasia Cutis Congenita and Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus: Coexistence of Two Rare Skin Diseases

ABSTRACT Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare disease that is characterized by complete or partial absence of skin at birth, either in a localized or widespread region. Melanocytic nevi refers to tumor-like malformations of the skin or mucous membrane caused by benign proliferation of melanocytes. It is classified as a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) when the diameter of the largest nevus exceeds 20 cm. The co-occurrence of ACC and GCMN is extremely rare, to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of coexistence of ACC and GCMN of infancy in a 2-month-old male infant. The lesions consisted of a large hyperpigmented plaque occupying most of the trunk and pelvic region, and smaller hyperpigmented plaques on the trunk, head, and extremities. Additionally, there were large, sharply marginated, triangular, depressed atrophic plaques covered by thin, translucent, glistening epithelial membranes in the center of the GCMN on the back. The presumptive diagnosis was coexistence of GCMN and ACC. This could be a manifestation of SCALP syndrome, a rare neuro-cutaneous condition characterized by the presence of Sebaceous nevus, Central nervous system (CNS) malformations, Aplasia cutis congenita, Limbal dermoid and Pigmented (giant melanocytic) nevus.
Photosynthetic Path of Carbon Dioxide in Spinach and Corn Leaves

Abstract The primary route of CO2 incorporation in C-4 plants (corn) has been formulated to be β-carboxylation catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, while in C-3 plants (spinach) CO2 enters the carboxyl carbon of glycerate 3-phosphate after reacting with ribulose 1,5-diphosphate. Detached leaf tissues of spinach and corn were compared with respect to their fixation of CO2 in the dark or in the light subsequent to illumination in the absence of CO2 in order to accumulate the primary compound for carboxylation. Prior illumination of corn and spinach leaves in an atmosphere of N2 containing 1.5% O2, enhanced dark 14CO2 fixation 15- to 25-fold over that of unilluminated leaves. In corn the primary products (80%) of enhanced dark fixation were malate and aspartate. Less than 5% of the incorporated 14CO2 appeared in glycerate 3-phosphate and other intermediates of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. In spinach, roughly one-half of the isotope was found in glycerate 3-phosphate and sugar phosphates with about 25% in alanine. The levels of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate, glycerate 3-phosphate, and phosphoenolpyruvate were determined during preillumination under an atmosphere containing N2 and 1.5% O2, after pulses of CO2 either in a light or in a dark period. In both tissues ribulose 1,5-diphosphate increased linearly during preillumination and decreased rapidly following the introduction of CO2. Glycerate 3-phosphate was little affected during preillumination but increased rapidly upon addition of CO2. In both species the level of phosphoenolpyruvate was essentially unchanged during preillumination but increased sharply in corn leaves with introduction of CO2. CO2 pulses had no effect on the level of phosphoenolpyruvate in spinach leaves. It was concluded that ribulose 1,5-diphosphate can serve as a primary acceptor of CO2 in detached leaves of C-4 (corn) and C-3 plants (spinach).
Introduction to Immigration Economics

This introductory chapter emphasizes the complexity of immigration, in contrast to popular labor market model of immigration described in the introduction to Part I above. This chapter discusses a variety of cases of immigration, lists the push, pull, stay, and stay away influences on immigration, outlines a brief history of immigration, and categorizes the different forms of immigration. The complexity of immigration suggests that the simple neoclassical labor market model is not accurate; a broader and more inter-disciplinary approach to studying the economics of immigration is called for.
A Review of Ethnic Identity in Advertising

Published research on ethnic identity in advertising differs by underlying theoretical framework, measurement type (i.e., single-item measure vs multi-item scale), study design (i.e., experiment vs survey), and diversity of respondent sample. A meta-analysis indicates that ethnic identity effects are higher for atheoretical studies that relied on single-item measures, experimental designs, and less diverse samples. For ethnically resonant ads, attitudes toward both actor(s)/model(s) and the ad moderate brand attitudes. Overall, ethnic identity influences several commonly studied attitudinal and purchase-intention outcomes. Keywords: attitudes; advertising; ethnic identity; meta-analysis; purchase intentions
Cutaneous Markers of Internal Malignancy

The skin may display a number of reaction patterns and lesions that are important to recognize, since they may reflect an internal cancer. Some skin processes or diseases linked with internal cancers, such as bullous pemphigoid (Figure 15. 1), may be either unassociated when age-matched controls are used or are only associated fortuitously.
Endoscopic management of biliary disease during pregnancy.

Background: The transient but substantial alterations in the biliary system during pregnancy increase the risk of cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and pancreatitis. Traditionally, these disorders are managed conservatively or with operative cholecystectomy. Recent advances in fiber-optic technology allow endoscopy to be used as a safe, effective, and definitive treatment alternative for pancreaticobiliary disease in pregnancy. Cases: Three gravid women with cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis, and/or gallstone pancreatitis were treated endoscopically with stone extraction and experienced rapid resolution of symptoms and successful pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Aggressive endoscopic intervention for biliary disorders in pregnancy appears to decrease morbidity, mortality, and costs. Endoscopy offers a safer, more effective treatment alternative to prolonged medical management and traditional surgical intervention during pregnancy. Because biliary abnormalities resolve rapidly in the postpartum period, it is unlikely these women will need subsequent treatment.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior Management: An Objective Comparison

Abstract This article compares traditional industrial-organizational psychology (I-O) research published in Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP) with organizational behavior management (OBM) research published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM). The purpose of this comparison was to identify similarities and differences with respect to research topics and methodologies, and to offer suggestions for what OBM researchers and practitioners can learn from I-O. Articles published in JAP from 1987–1997 were reviewed and compared to articles published during the same decade in JOBM (Nolan, Jarema, & Austin, 1999). This comparison includes (a) author characteristics, (b) authors published in both journals, (c) topics addressed, (d) type of article, and (e) research characteristics and methodologies. Among the conclusions are: (a) the primary relative strength of OBM is its practical significance, demonstrated by the proportion of research addressing applied issues; (b) the greatest strength of...
New horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge for counter-current chromatography : II. The apparatus and its partition capabilities

Abstract The new horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge allows continuous elution through a pair of coiled separation columns without the use of rotating seals. Design of the apparatus enables each column to undergo a specific mode of synchronous planetary motion which produces a charateristic pattern of the acceleration field as described in Part I. Using typical two-phase solvent systems, retention of the stationery phase and partition efficiency were studied for each column under various revolutional speeds and flow-rates. The results indicate that one column enables preparative-scale separations and the other, analytical-scale separations both with a high partition efficiency comparable to that obtained refined liquid chromatography.
On Drag Reduction in Turbulent Channel Flow over Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Recent simulations and experiments suggest that flow over superhydrophobic surfaces may exhibit significantly reduced drag in both laminar [8, 9] and turbulent [7, 10] regimes due to the existence of a thin layer of gas on the surface which allows a slip velocity. The current paper explores this using estimates of drag based on high-resolution PIV in a low-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow.
The preparation, characterization and reactivity of the cyclometallosilane, cyclo-1,1-di-h5-cyclopentadienyltitana-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,-octaphenylpentasilane, (h5-C5H5)2TiSi(C6H5)2[Si(C6H5)2]2Si(C6H5)2

Abstract Titanium has been incorporated into a catenated silicon ring by means of the salt elimination reaction of dichlorodi- h 5 -cyclopentadienyltitanium(IV), (I), with 1,4-dilithiooctaphenyltetrasilane, Li 2 Si 4 (C 6 H 5 ) 8 , to yield the title compound (II). II was characterized as a cyclometallopolysilane by means of elemental analyses, base catalyzed hydrolyses, molecular weight determination, infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Electronic spectral data and electrochemical data are also discussed and support the formulation of II as a disubstituted ( h 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ti IV derivative. The reactivity of II, with CHCl 3 , is described in terms of a radical decomposition pathway.
Effectiveness of US state policies in reducing CO 2 emissions from power plants

In the United States, a key goal of states’ climate change policies is to reduce CO2 emissions from electric power plants. This study shows that specific policy packages significantly shape CO2 emissions from individual power plants.
Enterobacter soli sp. nov.: A Lignin-Degrading γ-Proteobacteria Isolated from Soil

A Gram-negative bacterium that formed cream-colored colonies designated strain LF7 was isolated from soil collected in the Tambopata National Reserve in Madre de Dios, Peru. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicate that LF7 is a novel Enterobacter sp. closely related to E. asburiae JCM 6051(T) [AB004744] and E. aerogenes JCM 1235(T) [AB004750] based on their sequence homologies (p-distance: 1.06 and 1.19%, respectively). DNA G + C content was 52.8 mol% which is within the range reported for E. asburiae (55-57 mol%). The major cellular fatty acids present in the LF7 strain were C(16:0) (27.3%), C(16:1) ω7c and/or C(16:1) ω6c (16.3%), C(18:1) ω7c (16.1%), C(17:0) cyclo (12.4%), C(14:0) 3-OH and/or C(16:1) iso-I (8.9%), C(14:0) (7.6%), C(12:0) (3.9%), C(17:0) (2.4%), C(13:0) 3-OH and/or C(15:1) iso-H (1.7%), C(13:0) (1.1%), and C(18:2) ω6,9c and/or C(18:0) ante (0.5%). The cellular fatty acid profile, G + C content, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics were consistent with its placement in the genus Enterobacter. The name Enterobacter soli is proposed for this bacterium.
Low dose heparin prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury patients: a controlled study.

Acute spinal cord injury patients were assigned alternately to a control and a heparin prophylaxis group to determine the effect of 5,000 μ sodium heparin subcutane-ously every 12 hours on the incidence of venous thrombosis as detected by impedance plethysmography of the lower extremities. Venous thrombosis was unexpectedly uncommon in both the control (1 of 17) and the heparinised (1 of 15) group, suggesting an unidentified, overriding prophylactic factor.
Hypoxia differentially regulates stress proteins in cultured cardiomyocytes : Role of the p38 stress-activated kinase signaling cascade, and relation to cytoprotection

Objective : Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, HSPs) are molecular chaperones that have been shown to enhance the survival of cells exposed to environmental stress. We sought to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the levels of HSP27 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1 or HSP32) in an established model of rat neonatal cardiac myocytes in culture. Methods: Myocytes were subjected to hypoxia (<0.5% O2 for 16 h). Studies of cell viability and nuclear morphology showed no evidence of cell death under these conditions. Results : Messenger RNA analysis demonstrated constitutive expression of HSP27 and low levels of HO-1. Hypoxia strongly induced HO-1 mRNA without affecting HSP27 mRNA. In parallel to mRNA levels, hypoxia increased HO-1 protein level without affecting HSP27. To further assess the signaling pathways implicated in HO-1 induction, we used inhibition experiments. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 did not prevent HO-1 induction, while the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine partially blocked this response. The p38 stress-activated kinase inhibitor SB203580 was the most potent in suppressing hypoxia-induced HO-1. In vitro kinase assays, cell labeling and immunoprecipitation showed activation of signaling pathways downstream of p38 stress-activated kinase as revealed by an increase in phosphorylation of MAPKAPK-2/3 kinases and HSP27. Conclusions : These data show a differential pattern of hypoxia-induced HSP expression and implicate the stress kinase in HO-1 induction. Thus, selective regulation of HSP levels may play a role in the cardioprotective mechanisms that participate in the adaptive response to hypoxia-induced stress.
Missionaries and Jews in Soho: ‘Strangers within Our Gates’

This article draws on historical evidence about everyday life and social practices in Soho to reconstruct the extent and mode of religious conflict in a neighbourhood which historians have traditionally viewed as an area of relative religious tolerance. It focuses on a weekly children's prayer meeting conducted by Methodist missionaries in the summer of 1900 at the epicentre of the Soho Jewish community. For the Jews the meeting was an intrusion but nonetheless epitomised the tacit negotiations that distilled into what Gerry Black calls an ‘absence of disharmony’ between Soho Jews and their neighbours. More generally, the encounter exemplifies British Jews' daily confrontations with the dense network of Christian practices and institutions of their adopted homeland. While historians have documented many episodes of anti-Semitism and anti-Jewish violence in London, Jews' experience of daily life also involved a less visible, less dramatic and more chronic tension, one that the study of everyday practices b...
Nd and Sr isotopes in ultrapotassic volcanic rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming

Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd concentrations are reported for madupites, wyomingites and orendites from the Pleistocene volcanic field of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. All Leucite Hills rocks have negative eNd signatures, indicating derivation or contribution from an old light rare earth element (LREE) enriched source. In this respect they are similar to all occurrences of high potassium magmas so far investigated. But Sr isotopic variations are comparatively small and 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios are unusually low for high-K magmas (0.7053–0.7061, one sample excluded). These values suggest that the light REE enrichment of the source was not accompanied by a strong increase in Rb/Sr. Wyomingites and orendites are isotopically indistinguishable which is consistent with chemical and petrographic evidence for their derivation from a common magma series depending on emplacement conditions. Basic to ultrabasic madupites and more silicic wyomingites/orendites are distinct in their Nd isotopic variations (madupites: eNd= −10.5 to −12.3; wyomingites/orendites: eNd= −13.7 to −17.0) despite similar Sm/Nd ratios and complete overlap in 87Sr/86Sr. Selective or bulk assimilation of crustal material is unlikely to have significantly affected the Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of the magmas. The measured isotopic ratios are considered to reflect source values. The distinct isotopic characteristics of madupite and wyomingite/orendite magmas preclude their derivation by fractional crystallization, from a common primary magma, by liquid immiscibility or by partial melting of a homogeneous source. Two isotopically distinct, LREE enriched and slightly heterogeneous sources are required. Heterogeneities were most pronounced between magma sources from each volcanic centre (butte or mesa). The relationship between the madupite and wyomingite/orendite sources and their evolution is discussed on the basis of two simple alternative sets of models:
INSULIN RELEASE DURING ACUTE AND CHRONIC HYPOXIA

Glucose-induced insulin release was studied in 6 month old puppies during acute and chronic hypoxia, alone and in combination. Six experimental animals were rendered chronically hypoxic (PaO2 ∼ 40 torr) by creation of a R → L shunt at age 1½ months. Six control animals (PaO2>70 torr) underwent sham procedures at the same age. Acute hypoxia (AH)(PaO2 ∼ 20 torr) was produced in both control and experimental animals by ventilation with 8 or 10% oxygen. All experiments included glucose pulses (.25 gm/kg) given during ventilation with room air and with low oxygen mixtures. Tabulated below are the mean increases in plasma glucose and plasma insulin in each group. Only significant differences are indicated. These data indicate that chronically hypoxic animals have an insulin response to glucose challenge equivalent to controls. The diminished insulin response seen in acutely hypoxlc animals is not prevented by chronic hypoxia. Since insulin is crucial for fuel metabolism, these observations are relevant to heat and energy production in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who encounter situations which acutely impose further oxygen deficiency.
The vibrational spectra of several ethyl chlorides: CH3CH2Cl, CH3CD2Cl, CD3CH2Cl, and CD3CD2Cl

Abstract The infrared and Raman spectra of CH3CH2Cl, CH3CD2Cl, CD3CH2Cl, and CD3CD2Cl are reported. Vibrational assignments are made for 71 of the 72 fundamentals of the four molecules. The data resolve some discrepancies between earlier work, but two of the fundamentals are still uncertain.
Application of pyramided traits against Lepidoptera in insect resistance management for Bt crops.

Since initial launch of insect protected transgenic crops, the most effective strategy to manage the potential for target pests to evolve resistance has been the use of a single mode of action with “high dose” and structured refuge. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is limited if mortality of certain pests does not reach “high dose” criteria, inconsistent implementation of refuges and non-rare resistance alleles. More recently, several pyramided trait products, which include multiple modes of action against key target pests, have been developed. These products offer the potential for dramatically improved resistance management with smaller refuges and less dependence on high mortality of susceptible and heterozygous insects and rare resistance alleles. We show that products such as SmartStax and PowerCore offer compelling resistance management benefits compared with single mode of action products and allow for the option of products containing refuge seed mixtures rather than structured refuges ...
A first order analysis of variations of the limb darkening and the shapes for solar Fraunhofer lines

New center-to-limb measurements in FeI lines show changes in both the line profiles and the limb darkening curves that appear to be characteristic of many other solar lines. Here we seek the constraints placed on the atmospheric model by these effects. We find that in addition to a depth varying source function we must also allow the ratio of the continuous absorption coefficient to the total absorption coefficient to pass through a minimum in the mid-photosphere. Such an effect is consistent with inward increases of the Doppler width and damping constant in the upper photosphere and an inward increase of the ionization for both iron and hydrogen in the low photosphere.
Pulsed rotation voltammetry in a flow-through cell

Abstract A flow cell with a rotating glassy carbon disk electrode has been exploited for voltammetric and amperometric determinations. The high analytical currents due to the efficient mass-transport are coupled with a new hydrodynamic modulation technique that discriminates against the major background currents, resulting in high sensitivity and low detection limits. For a rotated disk electrode immersed in a stream at a constant flow rate, the current difference is measured with the rotation switched on and off. Well defined current—potential curves are obtainable. Mass-transport properties, sensitivity, precision and linearity of response are reported. Modulation rates range from 0.1 to 1 Hz. Cell performance is demonstrated by the anodic oxidations of micromolar concentration levels of ascorbic acid, NADH, and hexacyanoferrate(II).
Near infrared spectral changes of cytochrome aa3 during potentiometric titrations

Singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to deconvolute the spectral changes occurring in the near infrared region during potentiometric titrations of cytochrome aa3. Overall oxidized minus reduced difference spectra revealed a broad absorbance feature centered near 830 nm with an apparent Em near 250 mV. However, SVD did not isolate any spectral species with an absorbance centered near 830 nm. It was found that the spectral changes occurring in the wavelength region from 650 to 950 nm were associated mainly with cytochromes a and a3. It was concluded that the absorbance at 830 nm should not be used as an independent measure of the concentration of CuA in cytochrome aa3.
The use of eptifibatide for suspected pump thrombus or thrombosis in patients with left ventricular assist devices

Background Pump thrombosis in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) continues to present treatment challenges. Anti-coagulation strategies used to treat this complication are empiric and without firm data for guidance. The addition of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor to intravenous anti-coagulation has been suggested by several case series and recent guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate our use of eptifibatide for the treatment of suspected pump thrombus/thrombosis. Methods This retrospective, single-center cohort study was performed at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. The medical informatics system was queried to identify all LVAD patients who received eptifibatide for suspected pump thrombus/thrombosis from January 1, 2011, through April 30, 2013. Results A total of 17 patients (16 HeartMate II [Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA], 1 HeartWare [HeartWare International Inc, Framingham, MA]) with 22 separate administration attempts received eptifibatide (dose range, 0.1–2 μg/kg/min) for suspected pump thrombus/thrombosis presenting as one or more of the following findings: elevated lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, elevated plasma free hemoglobin, LVAD dysfunction, or new, persistently high LVAD power. The mean time from device implantation to eptifibatide therapy was 47.34 days (range, 3.88–397.67 days). Of the 22 attempts, 5 (22.7%) resulted in resolution of 1 or more patient-specific indicators of LVAD thrombus/thrombosis. Three patients (17.6%) had resolution of an indicator while also remaining free from continued hemolysis, death, pump exchange, or emergent heart transplant. Bleeding events were common, with 11 patients (64.7%) experiencing bleeding during the infusion. Seven patients (41.2%) died, with intraparenchymal hemorrhage as the cause of death in 2 patients. Pump exchange was performed in 3 patients. Conclusions Our limited experience indicates the risk of using eptifibatide outweighs the proposed benefit of salvaging the existing LVAD in the setting of suspected pump thrombus/thrombosis at our institution.