cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic evacuation of Durasphere

Abstract Durasphere is a urethral bulking agent used to treat stress urinary incontinence secondary to intrinsic sphincter deficiency. Although rare, chronic outlet obstruction and urinary retention are possible complications of this “permanent” bulking agent. We describe the endoscopic evacuation of Durasphere causing bladder outlet obstruction 1 year after being injected.
Follicular lymphoma grading using cell-graphs and multi-scale feature analysis

We present a method for the computer-aided histopathological grading of follicular lymphoma (FL) images based on a multi-scale feature analysis. We analyze FL images using cell-graphs to characterize the structural organization of the cells in tissues. Cell-graphs represent histopathological images with undirected and unweighted graphs wherein the cytological components constitute the graph nodes and the approximate adjacencies of the components are represented with edges. Using the features extracted from nuclei- and cytoplasm-based cell-graphs, a classifier defines the grading of the follicular lymphoma images. The performance of this system is comparable to that of our recently developed system that characterizes higher-level semantic description of tissues using model-based intermediate representation (MBIR) and color-textural analysis. When tested with three different classifiers, the combination of cell-graph based features with the MBIR and color-textural features followed by a multi-scale feature selection is shown to achieve considerably higher classification accuracies than any set of these feature sets can achieve separately.
Exploration of Half Metallicity in Edge-Modified Graphene Nanoribbons

A systematic study of various edge modified graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have been performed using a density functional theory method. Particular attention is placed on the possibility of achieving half-metallicity in the graphene nanostructures. Six chemical functional groups, namely, OH, NH2, N(CH3)2, SO2, NO2, and CN, are considered for the edge modification. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with Perdew−Burke−Ernzerhof (PBE) functional suggest that half-metallicity can be realized in zigzag-edged GNRs (ZGNRs) when one edge of the graphene is fully decorated with the OH group while the other edge is decorated with either NO2 or SO2 functional group. Moreover, DFT/PBE calculations suggest that the half-metallicity can be realized via modification of one edge with hybrid X groups (X = SO2, NO2, or CN) and hydrogen (H) atoms. Two mechanisms can lead to half-metallicity in ZGNRs, (1) chemical-potential mechanism, that is, to create a difference in chemical potential between the two edges by decor...
Tritrichomonas foetus: Comparison of Isolate Virulence in an Estrogenized Mouse Model

Previous studies indicated that Tritrichomonas foetus isolate ATCC 30003 was capable of maintaining only short-term genital infection in estrogenized BALB/c mice. In the present study, the ability of eight T. foetus isolates to establish and maintain infections in intravaginally inoculated estrogenized BALB/c mice was examined. All isolates were found to be equally capable of establishing genital infections but varied greatly in ability to maintain infections. One isolate maintained infection for less than 7 weeks, four isolates maintained intermediate infections lasting less than 13 weeks, and three isolates maintained chronic infections of greater than 26 weeks. Varying the number of trophozoites inoculated intravaginally decreased the ability of isolates to establish infection but did not affect maintenance of infection. Prolonged passage of T. foetus isolates either in vivo in an estrogenized nu/nu BALB/c mouse or by in vitro culture failed to affect their ability to maintain infection, suggesting that virulence was parasite-dependent and not related to environment-induced changes. Co-infection of estrogenized mice with isolates ATCC 30003 and MU Y32 failed to increase the length of ATCC 30003 infections or decrease the length of isolate MU Y32 infections. Taken together these results indicate that T. foetus isolates vary greatly in virulence in estrogenized BALB/c mice and provide evidence suggesting that maintenance of infection is a parasite-controlled factor.
Modernisms: From Bergson's laughter to Pirandello's humour

(1997). Modernisms: From Bergson's laughter to Pirandello's humour. The Italianist: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 44-59.
Application of Lubrication Theory to Fluid Flow in Grinding: Part I—Flow Between Smooth Surfaces

The present paper, which consists of two parts, proposes models of fluid flow in grinding with nonporous wheels. In this first part, a smooth wheel is employed instead of a rough grinding wheel to simplify the analysis. Fluid flow is investigated for laminar and turbulent regimes using the classical Reynolds equation of lubrication and a modified Reynolds equation for turbulent flows, respectively. The applicability of the proposed models is discussed and verified experimentally in terms of the developed hydrodynamic pressure. It is found that the classical Reynolds equation reliably predicts the hydrodynamic pressure if the Reynolds number Re (based on the minimum gap size) is lower than about 300. Experimental results for 300<Re< 1500 agree with the proposed turbulent flow model. This suggests that the flow in this range of Re is turbulent, and that the fluid inertia is negligible. The influence of wheel roughness is investigated in Part II.
Visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty with double continuous or combined interrupted and continuous suture wound closure.

We reviewed the consecutive records of 296 patients who underwent corneal transplantation at our institution to compare visual outcome between those who underwent double continuous suture wound closure and those who underwent a combination of interrupted and continuous suture wound closure. Of 156 patients on whom one of these closure techniques was performed, 33 patients satisfied our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Visual outcome between the two groups was compared at three, six, and 12 months. We found significant differences (P
An efficient approach to data flow analysis in a multiple pass global optimizer

Data flow analysis is a time-consuming part of the optimization process. As transformations are made in a multiple pass global optimizer, the data flow information must be updated to reflect these changes. Various approaches have been used, including complete recalculation as well as partial recalculation over the affected area. The approach presented here has been designed for maximum efficiency. Data flow information is completely calculated only once, using an interval analysis method which is slightly faster than a purely iterative approach, and which allows partial recomputation when appropriate. A minimal set of data flow information is computed, keeping the computation and update cost low. Following each set of transformations, the data flow information is updated based on knowledge of the effect of each change. This approach saves considerable time over complete recalculation, and proper ordering of the various optimizations minimizes the amount of update required.
Reduction and religion: Lessons from eliminative materialism

Cogmtivist theorizing about religion is promising, and this essay explores the ramifications of eliminative materialism for thinking about religion. First, and contrary to the assumption of eliminative matenalists, it is not obvious that the success of eliminative materialism would compromise the veracity of religious psychologies. Second, the success of eliminative materialism would prove the adequacy of formal theorizing for understanding religious expenence. Third, the success of eliminative materialism would force theories of religion to employ neuroanatomically-realizable psychological models. Finally, a powerful strategy which provides non-propositional, neurally-realizable models of psychological functions (connectiomsm) is currently available and is amenable to modeling religious knowledge.
The Mini-Open transpedicular thoracic discectomy: surgical technique and assessment.

Object Thoracic disc herniations can be surgically treated with a number of different techniques and approaches. However, surgical outcomes comparing the various techniques are rarely reported in the literature. The authors describe a minimally invasive technique to approach thoracic disc herniations via a transpedicular route with the use of tubular retractors and microscope visualization. This technique provides a safe method to identify the thoracic disc space and perform a decompression with minimal paraspinal soft tissue disruption. The authors compare the results of this approach with clinical results after open transpedicular discectomy. Methods The authors performed a retrospective cohort study comparing results in 11 patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniations treated with either open posterolateral (4 patients) or mini-open transpedicular discectomy (7 patients). Hospital stay, blood loss, modified Prolo score, and Frankel score were used as outcome variables. Results Patients who underw...
The use of systematic desensitization to overcome resistance to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning

The use of behavioral techniques with radiologic procedures has received surprisingly little attention in the behavioral literature. The current paper describes the successful use of systematic desensitization to enable a woman to complete a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Suggestions for when behavior therapy may be useful to radiologists are also given.
FINITE: An approach to structural mechanics systems

FINITE is a general purpose structural mechanics system which runs under the POLO II supervisor. It is unique in that it provides users with a very flexible recursive structural modeling capability. Engineers can communicate with FINITE through a problem-oriented language similar to STRUDL. Significant savings in computer and data entry times can be achieved when its recursive substructuring and condensation features are used appropriately. The structure of FINITE permits engineers to enter new elements with a minimal knowledge of the system operation. Nonsymmetric elements, hybrid elements, and elements with different degrees of freedom at the various nodes are all permissible. Various forms of linear constraints may be applied to the generalized displacements of a structure. The system runs under the POLO II supervisor and derives many of its attributes from the unique data base management facilities of this system. Among them are a limited working set size in a virtual memory environment and automatic restart capabilities.
Fluid Flow Mechanotransduction in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Fibroblasts

Understanding how vascular wall endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts (FBs) sense and transduce the stimuli of hemodynamic forces (shear stress, cyclic strain, and hydrostatic pressure) into intracellular biochemical signals is critical to prevent vascular disease development and progression. ECs lining the vessel lumen directly sense alterations in blood flow shear stress and then communicate with medial SMCs and adventitial FBs to regulate vessel function and disease. Shear stress mechanotransduction in ECs has been extensively studied and reviewed. In the case of endothelial damage, blood flow shear stress may directly act on the superficial layer of SMCs and transmural interstitial flow may be elevated on medial SMCs and adventitial FBs. Therefore, it is also important to investigate direct shear effects on vascular SMCs as well as FBs. The work published in the last two decades has shown that shear stress and interstitial flow have significant influences on vascular SMCs and FBs. This review summarizes work that considered direct shear effects on SMCs and FBs and provides the first comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms that modulate SMC secretion, alignment, contraction, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration in response to 2-dimensional (2D) laminar, pulsatile, and oscillating flow shear stresses and 3D interstitial flow. A mechanistic model of flow sensing by SMCs is also provided to elucidate possible mechanotransduction pathways through surface glycocalyx, integrins, membrane receptors, ion channels, and primary cilia. Understanding flow-mediated mechanotransduction in SMCs and FBs and the interplay with ECs should be helpful in exploring strategies to prevent flow-initiated atherosclerosis and neointima formation and has implications in vascular tissue engineering.
Spatial variations in egg density and the intensity of parasitism in a neotropical chrysomelid (Cephaloleia consanguinea)

. 1 The chrysomelid beetle, Cephaloleia consanguinea (Hispinae), is a monophagous herbivore of Heliconia imbricata (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) in wet lowland forests of eastern Costa Rica. 2 Within the study area parasitism by eulophids and trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), the most common source of C. consanguinea egg mortality, varied in intensity from 35% to 50% during 1974–77. 3 Spatial relationships between the probability of parasitism and egg density per leaf were the net result of two opposing trends. The probability of at least one egg on an egg-bearing H. imbricata leaf being encountered and parasitized (here termed a ‘discovery’ of that leaf by parasitoids) increased significantly as egg density per leaf increased. The conditional probability of parasitism for other eggs present, given an attack on one egg, decreased with increasing egg density. 4 The net result was a decrease in the overall probability of parasitism as egg density per leaf increased. Host aggregation appears beneficial in reducing the intensity of parasitoid attacks. 5 Despite this inverse relationship between the overall probability of parasitism and egg density per leaf, a model based on the binomial distribution provides a good description of the spatial aspects of this host—parasitoid interaction.
The beta‐hydroxy and beta‐halo ethyl 3‐ and 4‐nitro phthalimides

Abstract Two series of N‐substituted nitro phthalimides, the 3‐nitro and 4‐nitro series, have been prepared by convenient procedures. The β‐hydroxy ethyl 3‐ and 4‐nitro phthalimides were prepared from 3‐nitro phthalic anhydride and 4‐nitro phthalimide, respectively, by interaction with monoethanolamine. The β‐chloro ethyl 3‐ or 4‐nitro phthalimides were prepared from the corresponding β‐hydroxy compounds by interaction with either phosphorus pentachloride or thionyl chloride. The β‐bromo ethyl 3‐ and 4‐nitro phthalimides were obtained by treating the corresponding β‐hydroxy compounds with phosphorus tribromide. The β‐iodo ethyl 3‐ and 4‐nitro phthalimides were prepared by treating the corresponding β‐bromo compounds with sodium iodide in acetone. All of the compounds are new with the exception of β‐bromo ethyl 3‐nitro phthalimide.
Renormalized Coupled-Cluster Calculations of Reactive Potential Energy Surfaces: The BeFH System†

The completely renormalized (CR) CCSD(T) method has been used to calculate the entire ground-state potential energy surface (PES) for the Be + HF reaction on a grid of nuclear geometries consisting of ∼3000 points. The cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets have been employed. In addition to the case of the Be atom approaching the HF molecule from the fluorine side and the case of the Be atom approaching HF from the hydrogen side, several values of the Be−F−H angle and the insertion of the Be atom between the H and F atoms of HF have been examined. The CR-CCSD(T) results have been compared with the results of CCSD(T) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations. It has been demonstrated that the ground-state PES of the BeFH system obtained from the single-reference “black-box” CR-CCSD(T) calculations is in excellent agreement with the PES obtained from the expensive MRCI calculations, whereas the PES resulting from the standard CCSD(T) calculations is qualitatively incorrect and characterized ...
High dose measurements using thermoluminescence of CaSO4:Dy

Abstract Thermoluminescence dosimetry has been very successful in monitoring the personnel level doses due to high sensitivity and reusability. However, these dosimeters saturate at high doses involved in radiation processing. Present investigations show that the range of high dose measurements can be increased by an order of magnitude by increasing the concentration of dysprosium in CaSO 4 :Dy. A further increase in high dose measurements is possible by considering the ratio of two high temperature peaks. As the ratio of two peaks is an intrinsic property of the material, it is expected that the initial calibration of these dosimeters may not be required. This may be advantageous at very high doses where calibration of the dosimeters is quite problematic. Use of thermoluminescence peaks higher than 300°C also make this technique appropriate for high dose measurements at high temperatures.
Robust signal detection by using the EEF

In detection theory, the optimal Neyman-Pearson rule applies when the characteristics of the signal and the noise are completely known. However, in many practical scenarios such as multipath or moving targets, only partial knowledge of the signal can be obtained. In this paper, we examine the case when the alternative hypothesis has multiple candidate models, and apply the multimodal sensor integration technique based on the exponentially embedded family to detection. It is shown that our method is asymptotically optimal as it converges to the true underlying model. Furthermore, this method is computationally efficient. We also compare the proposed method with existing classifier combining rules by simulations.
Application of Lean Manufacturing Principles to DARHT-II Induction Cell Refurbishment

The induction cells of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrotest (DARHT) second axis facility are scheduled to be refurbished with performance and reliability upgrades. The refurbishment process involves extracting each cell from the accelerator hall, performing a complete teardown of the cell, reassembling with new or modified components, fidulizing the magnetic axis, testing and certifying pulse power performance, and reinstalling into the accelerator hall. Each step of the refurbishment process is comprised of many complex steps, necessitating attention to details and following strict assembly protocol to ensure that high quality cell assemblies are attained. All this must be accomplished at an accelerated production rate to meet the commissioning milestones of the DARHT second-axis accelerator. To this end, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has adopted the principles of lean manufacturing and applied them to the cell refurbishment effort. These principles emphasize streamline thinking and methodologies for manufacturing environments that promote the most effective use of resources. After workshops and application of these methodologies, the cell manufacturing facility at LANL has been transformed to support lean manufacturing. This paper presents and discusses the processes and facility configuration developed to apply lean manufacturing for cell refurbishment.
Uranium Disequilibrium in Groundwater: An Isotope Dilution Approach in Hydrologic Investigations

The distribution and environmental disequilibrium patterns of naturally occurring uranium isotopes (U234 and U238) in waters of the Floridan aquifer suggest that variations in the ratios of isotopic activity and concentrations can be used quantitatively to evaluate mixing proportions of waters from differing sources. Uranium is probably unique in its potential for this approach, which seems to have general usefulness in hydrologic investigations.
INFLUENCE OF AUTONOMIC SIGNALS ON PERCEPTION OF EMOTIONS IN EMBODIED AGENTS

Specific patterns of autonomic activity have been reported when people experience emotions. Typical autonomic signals that change with emotion are wrinkles, blushing, sweating, tearing, and respiration. This article explores whether these signals can also influence the perception of emotion in embodied agents. The article first reviews the literature on specific autonomic signal patterns associated with certain affective states. Next, it proceeds to describe a real-time model for wrinkles, blushing, sweating, tearing, and respiration that is capable of implementing those patterns. Two studies are then described. In the first, subjects compare surprise, sadness, anger, shame, pride, and fear expressed in an agent with or without blushing, wrinkles, sweating, or tears. In the second, subjects compare excitement, relaxation, focus, pain, relief, boredom, anger, fear, panic, disgust, surprise, startle, sadness, and joy expressed in an agent with or without typical respiration patterns. The first study shows a statistically significant positive effect on perception of surprise, sadness, anger, shame, and fear. The second study shows a statistically significant positive effect on perception of excitement, pain, relief, boredom, anger, fear, panic, disgust, and startle. The relevance of these results to artificial intelligence and intelligent virtual agents is discussed.
Federalist No. 30: What Is to Be Done About the Federal Budget?

Federalist Nos. 12 and 30–36 describe the benefits of a national fiscal system with independent revenues, arguing that a strong national government cannot exist for long without the means to raise revenues on its own. This essay examines the national fiscal policy process during this period of economic crisis and rising national debt. It provides a detailed assessment of needed reforms in the budget system that would meet the tests imposed by an increasingly uncertain global economy.
Theory of L-shell ion-impact ionization: Inclusive cross sections and multiple-vacancy (K-satellite) distributions☆

Our recent contributions to the theory of collisions of ions with target L-shell electrons are reviewed. We consider in particular KLν and K2Lν multiple vacancy distributions. We have generalized from the traditional single-particle model to the independent Fermi particle model, thereby providing the first quantal derivation of the nearly binomial distribution which characterizes the K satellites and hypersatellites. The hole-hole Pauli correlation terms tend to average out because of “random” phases, leaving a nearly classical distribution. Coupled-channels calculations of the mean L-shell vacancy probability per electron, pL, are described. The inclusion of shakeoff contributions to pL, particularly important for hypersatellites, is outlined. New questions raised by the present work are discussed.
Can You Believe It? 12-Month-Olds Use Word Order to Distinguish Between Declaratives and Polar Interrogatives

Word order is a core mechanism for conveying syntactic structure, yet interrogatives usually disrupt canonical word orders. For example, in English, polar interrogatives typically invert the subject and auxiliary verb and insert an utterance-initial do if no auxiliary is present. These word order patterns result from differences in the underlying syntactic structures; therefore, distinguishing interrogatives from declaratives is crucial for learning the syntax of interrogatives. More broadly, the ability to differentiate sentence types is critical for avoiding errors in syntax acquisition that would occur if interrogatives and declaratives were evaluated as the same type of utterance. Despite the importance of this issue, little is known about when and how infants begin to differentiate sentence types. In this study we exposed one group of 12-month-old infants to auditory passages of polar interrogatives and another group to passages of declaratives. To test sentence discrimination, infants in both groups...
Diesel lube oils―fourth dimension of diesel particulate control

Particulate emission control, for the HD diesel engine, has previously been considered a three-dimensional problem involving: combustion of the fuel by the engine, fuel modification, and exhaust aftertreatment. The lube oil contribution may be considered a fourth dimension of the problem. Historically, the heavy-duty engine manufacturer has met emission standards for smoke (1968 to present), CO, HC, and NOx (1974 to present) and particulates (1988 to present) through changes in engine design. This paper used the allocation method to estimate the reduction in lube oil consumption needed to meet 1991 and 1994 U.S. particulate emission standards. This analysis places the contribution of lube oil as a source of exhaust particulates into prospective with the contributions from fuel sulfur and fuel combustion. An emissions control strategy to meet future regulations is offered in which reductions from fuel modification, combustion improvement, reduced lube oil consumption, and exhaust particulate trap-catalysts are all involved.
Reducing Central Line Infections in Pediatric and Neonatal Patients

The stakes for the prevention of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) have increased dramatically over the past decade. Over the past 10 years, the rate of CLABSI in the pediatric population has dropped markedly due to the significant investment in this initiative. Although there has been a substantial increase in studies on CLABSIs, difficulties in studying CLABSIs have limited the quality of the evidence produced. These difficulties include challenges in the sample size required to complete trials, pressure from external regulatory forces to reduce CLABSI rates, and challenges in defining CLABSIs. The definition of CLABSI is continuously being updated to improve the misclassification bias inherent in defining CLABSI. This is especially relevant given the stress placed on decreasing health-care-associated infections and the negative consequences associated if unsuccessful. In order to prevent CLABSIs, pediatric and neonatal intensive care units have formed bundles of basic evidenced-based strategies leading to effective reduction of CLABSIs. These basic bundles have been modified for spread to other nonintensive care areas, also yielding great results. However, additional therapies above the basic bundle have yielded mixed results, and more research is needed to understand the cost effectiveness of these therapies in the setting of decreasing CLABSI rates. As a goal, a “getting to zero” CLABSI rate should be set, but it may not be possible without significant resource allocation.
Production of bicrystals of CdS and dislocation arrays in their grain boundaries

Abstract Bicrystals of CdS have been grown successfully by welding oriented single crystals to form a seed and then growing an epitaxial layer on it by vapor deposition. The dislocation structures of two boundaries in the epitaxial layer have been determined for a tilt axis of [10 1 0]. These were a low angle θ = 6.5°, and a near-coincidence Σ11 b θ = 34.2°boundary with a superimposed 0.7° tilt about [11 2 6].
Predictive Glucose Monitoring for Type 1 Diabetes Using Latent Variable-based Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Abstract Accurate prediction of future glucose concentration for type 1 diabetes mellitus is needed to improve glycemic control, which can produce early and proactive glycemia management before glucose concentrations drift to undesirable levels. This paper assesses the feasibility of data-driven latent variable (LV) based statistical analysis methods to characterize the glycemic variability and serve as the forecasting engine. It illustrates the capability of LV-based multivariate statistical analysis to (1) model the correlation relationship among glucose and exogenous inputs, (2) make reliable predictions of future glucose concentrations, and (3) capture the underlying dynamics of prediction errors for on-line reliability evaluation. The new approach provides an automatic predictive monitoring strategy for glucose management in type 1 diabetes. Its feasibility is successfully assessed using data collected from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-accepted University of Virginia (UVA)\University of Padova metabolic simulator.
Depth invariant visual servoing

This paper studies the problem of achieving consistent performance for visual servoing. Given the nonlinearities introduced by the camera projection equations in monocular visual servoing systems, many control algorithms experience non-uniform performance bounds. The variable performance bounds arise from depth dependence in the error rates. In order to guarantee depth invariant performance bounds, the depth nonlinearity must be cancelled, however estimating distance along the optical axis is problematic when faced with an object with unknown geometry. By tracking a planar visual feature on a given target, and measuring the area of the planar feature, a distance invariant input to state stable visual servoing controller is derived. Two approaches are given for achieving the visual tracking. Both of these approaches avoid the need to maintain long-term tracks of individual feature points. Realistic image uncertainty is captured in experimental tests that control the camera motion in a 3D renderer using the observed image data for feedback.
THE SCHEDULING OF SINGLE MACHINE SYSTEMS: A REVIEW∗

SUMMARY With the increase in automation, production facilities tend to a system which is, or is predominated by, a single (usually massive and complex) piece of equipment. This single unit or machine is in many cases not so specialized as to produce only a single end product; with changes in setup it can produce similar, yet different, end products. The sequence in which the single machine is scheduled to produce the various end products can drastically affect its operational performance. The purpose of this review is to organize and appraise the various approaches to this scheduling function.
Physical chemistry of glass surfaces

Abstract Six typical problem areas requiring improved understanding of glass surfaces are identified. Results obtained from several surface-analysis instruments show that five types of surfaces are characteristic of a silicate glass at any time in its history. The type of surface is dependent on the environmental history of the glass and may be defined in terms of surface compositional profiles. Several important glass surface topics of current interest are discussed. These include: corrosion mechanisms; mixed-alkali effect; surface passivation with solution ions; protective film formation; the role of CaO, R 2 O/SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in glass corrosion; glass surface area to solution volume ratio; relevance of autoclave procedures in durability tests; and bioglass-bone bonding mechanisms.
Resonant excitation of bound exciton luminescence in GaAs1−xPx alloys

Abstract Bound exciton luminescence in GaAs 1−x P x alloys is sufficiently broadened by alloy disorder that little information can be gained about electronic energies and phonon couplings. By resonantly exciting narrow exciton components with a dye laser we have recovered sharp luminescence features like those in GaP. Detailed results are given for x=0.50 where broadening is greatest. Excitons bound to group VI donors show phonon coupling characteristic of an effective mass level at the X 1 conduction band minimum, whereas nitrogen traps show phonon assistance characteristic of a deep level--stronger coupling to phonons throughout much of k -space and more zero phonon broadening. We identify phonons and verify zero-phonon luminescence lineshape for both cases.
SYNTHESIS WITH α-HETEROSUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATE CARBANIONS. XVII.1PREPARATION OF DIACYLATED AROMATICS

Abstract Dianions derived from tetraphenyl arylene-bis-[(4-nitrophenylamino)methyl]-bis-phosphonates react with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to yield bis-acylated aromatics.
Dynamic Evaluation of the Building Envelope for Wind and Wind-Driven Rain Performance:

The building envelope should be designed to provide a comfortable indoor environment irrespective of changes in the weather. Therefore, to provide a functional and durable building envelope, the dynamic character of the driving forces must be recognized by the envelope designer. The dynamic performance of the building envelope can be evaluated in laboratories in which the design details and most of the dynamic properties of the driving forces are simulated. This paper dis cusses the dynamic processes and the need for dynamic evaluation of structural per formance under wind loading and of rain penetration performance under wind driven rain conditions. Three research facilities are examined for their approach to dynamic evaluation of structural performance and rain penetration performance. Ad ditional information on dynamic evaluation of the building envelope was gathered from standards and the literature. Based on this information, procedures for dynamic evaluation under wind loading and wind driven rain c...
Estimating Vertical Soil Moisture Flux at a Land Treatment Site

Estimation of rates of contaminant movement at land treatment sites requires accurate measurements of water movement through the soil zone. A moisture balance method that employs the zero flux plane concept and several simplifying assumptions about saturated and unsaturated flow conditions gives reasonable estimates of evapotranspiration and percolation fluxes when applied to a land treatment site in central coastal California. The technique requires measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of field soils as well as soil matric suction and moisture content at regular time intervals. Replicate monitoring clusters for matrix suction and moisture content are necessary in spatially variable soils but a detailed knowledge of the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity is not warranted.
TH-A-211-02: Effects of Different Parameters on Deformable Image Registration

Deformable image registration algorithms generally consist of three components, similarity metric, transformation, and optimization. In addition to these components, the optimization also includes one or more regularization terms such as the smoothness of the underlying deformation or restrictions based on the physical properties of organs. It is also common for most of the algorithms to take a multi‐resolution approach to capture large initial deformations as well as to speed up the registration process. Understanding and proper choice of such parameters are critical to a successful registration. The effects of different choices of parameters will be presented using public domain algorithms as well as commercial software. Learning objectives: 1. To understand the basic constituents of deformable image registration algorithms. 2. To understand the consequences of the different parameter choices.
A note on an open problem in linear complementarity

LetK be the class ofn × n matricesM such that for everyn-vectorq for which the linear complementarity problem (q, M) is feasible, then the problem (q, M) has a solution. Recently, a characterization ofK has been obtained by Mangasarian [5] in his study of solving linear complementarity problems as linear programs. This note proves a result which improves on such a characterization.
Project Trident: An Investigation into Integrating Databases, Analytics, and High-Performane Computing

This paper describes Project Trident, an effort at IBM Research that aims to explore the interactions between the HPC, analytics, and enterprise systems. The key goals of the project are to identify common computational patterns across the three domains and to determine key system and library components that can be used to optimize performance of all the three different workloads. We first summarize key similarities and differences between different workload domain and then outline various design issues for building an unified system.
Temperature independent low voltage polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals

Blue phases are types of liquid crystal phase which can appear in a narrow temperature range between a chiral nematic phase and isotropic liquid phase. Blue Phase (BP) liquid crystals have been known to exist in a small temperature range. Recently, broadening the temperature range of a BP liquid crystal has occurred by using a mixture of nematic bimesogenic liquid crystals or by polymerizing a small amount of monomer in a BP to stabilize the cubic lattice against temperature variation. In this study, we report a low switching voltage polymer stabilized blue phase (PSBP) liquid crystal device. We showed the stabilization of blue phases over a temperature range of 30.4 °C including room temperature. We observed the temperature independent of Bragg wavelength. Furthermore, the polymer effect on the electo-optic properties of a self assembled nanostructured blue phase liquid crystal composites have been investigated. As well as the ratio between two monomers, the overall monomers concentration is controlled.
Pressure Measurement Instrument for Liquid Metal Reactors

The theory of operation and initial experimental results given in this paper pertain to a microwave frequency pressure sensor applicable to measurements within liquid metal cooled, fast breeder reactors. The basis of operation of the pressure sensor depends on the deflection of one end wall of a cylindrical microwave cavity and on the measurement of the resultant change of cavity resonant frequency. Temperature dependence of the sensor output signal is significantly reduced by measuring the difference frequency between two identical resonant cavities. The dual cavity (1.9-cm long by 3.3-cm diameter) sensor yielded nearly linear response over the temperature range 75 to 1200°F and for pressures up to one atmosphere, with sensitivities of 0.5 and 0.8 MHz/psi at 75 and 1200°F, respectively. The 0.015-cm thick stainless steel diaphragm also responded without permanent deformation for applied pressure of 45 psi. Pressure sensor time response to abrupt changes of pressure equals about 7.5 ms. The sensor and associated transmission waveguide fabricated of metal only should be immersible in the liquid metal coolant.
Geologic-Information System: Methodology, Design, and Objectives: ABSTRACT

The information system, SIPS, is designed to handle and transfer data relating to subsurface geology. The data are of 2 types: geologic research materials available in the Subsurface Laboratory, and information concerned with the documented research relating to subsurface geology. Methodology of the information system involves formulation of the system, specification of the theoretical framework, search for relevant techniques to implement the formulation, and defining the procedure. The system is designed to transfer the information by selective retrieval specified by the subsurface geologist, whether stratigrapher, sedimentary petrologist, or petroleum geologist. The geologist is provided with a list of pertinent material in a specified location within designated stratigraphic and depth intervals that correlate with the search criteria. Relevant research documents are retrieved selectively to provide bibliographic and abstract listings through a variety of search options based on concept formulation and descriptor indices. End_of_Article - Last_Page 837------------
Knowledge-based computer systems for radiotherapy planning

Radiation therapy is one of the first areas of clinical medicine to utilize computers in support of routine clinical decision making. The role of the computer has evolved from simple dose calculations to elaborate interactive graphic three-dimensional simulations. These simulations can combine external irradiation from megavoltage photons, electrons, and particle beams with interstitial and intracavitary sources. With the flexibility and power of modern radiotherapy equipment and the ability of computer programs that simulate anything the machinery can do, we now face a challenge to utilize this capability to design more effective radiation treatments. How can we manage the increased complexity of sophisticated treatment planning? A promising approach will be to use artificial intelligence techniques to systematize our present knowledge about design of treatment plans, and to provide a framework for developing new treatment strategies. Far from replacing the physician, physicist, or dosimetrist, artificial intelligence-based software tools can assist the treatment planning team in producing more powerful and effective treatment plans. Research in progress using knowledge-based (AI) programming in treatment planning already has indicated the usefulness of such concepts as rule-based reasoning, hierarchical organization of knowledge, and reasoning from prototypes. Problems to be solved include how to handle continuously varying parameters and how to evaluate plans in order to direct improvements.
Influence of milrinone and norepinephrine on blood flow in canine internal mammary artery grafts

Background. Vasoactive agents are frequently needed in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The purpose of this study was to examine blood flow in the internal mammary artery (IMA) during infusion of drugs that are commonly used after myocardial revascularization. Methods. A canine right heart bypass preparation allowed precise control of cardiac output and blood pressure, which were maintained constant during drug infusion to isolate the effect of the drug on the IMA conduit. The IMA was anastomosed to a ligated left anterior descending coronary artery. Electromagnetic flow probes measured IMA graft flow. Results. Norepinephrine (0.1 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) alone and when combined with phentolamine (8:5 ratio) did not alter IMA flow. Milrinone increase IMA flow 33% ± 9%, from 37 ± 49 ± 10 mL/min. All hemodynamic variables were unchanged. Conclusions. The results suggest that: (1) norepinephrine did not have a deleterious effect on IMA flow and (2) milrinone may be a useful drug in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization by increasing IMA blood flow.
Automatic localization of IASLC-defined mediastinal lymph node stations on CT images using fuzzy models

Lung cancer is associated with the highest cancer mortality rates among men and women in the United States. The accurate and precise identification of the lymph node stations on computed tomography (CT) images is important for staging disease and potentially for prognosticating outcome in patients with lung cancer, as well as for pretreatment planning and response assessment purposes. To facilitate a standard means of referring to lymph nodes, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has recently proposed a definition of the different lymph node stations and zones in the thorax. However, nodal station identification is typically performed manually by visual assessment in clinical radiology. This approach leaves room for error due to the subjective and potentially ambiguous nature of visual interpretation, and is labor intensive. We present a method of automatically recognizing the mediastinal IASLC-defined lymph node stations by modifying a hierarchical fuzzy modeling approach previously developed for body-wide automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) in medical imagery. Our AAR-lymph node (AAR-LN) system follows the AAR methodology and consists of two steps. In the first step, the various lymph node stations are manually delineated on a set of CT images following the IASLC definitions. These delineations are then used to build a fuzzy hierarchical model of the nodal stations which are considered as 3D objects. In the second step, the stations are automatically located on any given CT image of the thorax by using the hierarchical fuzzy model and object recognition algorithms. Based on 23 data sets used for model building, 22 independent data sets for testing, and 10 lymph node stations, a mean localization accuracy of within 1-6 voxels has been achieved by the AAR-LN system.
The low tumorigenic potential of PRCII, among viruses of the Fujinami sarcoma virus subgroup, corresponds to an internal (fps) deletion of the transforming gene

Abstract The avian sarcoma viruses FSV, PRCII, PRCIIp, and PRCIV share a related class of hybrid onc genes (Δ gag-fps ) defined by a specific nucleotide sequence fps and by Δ gag-fps proteins of different sizes. Among these viruses, PRCII appears to have a lower tumorigenic potential than the others. Here we have compared fibroblast-transforming function and onc gene structure of these viruses. The fibroblast transforming ability of PRCII was lower than those of FSV, PRCIIp, and PRCIV. By gel electrophoresis the genomic RNA of PRCII measured 3.5 kb and those of FSV, PRCIIp, and PRCIV 4.5 kb; the Δ gag-fps protein of PRCII measured 105 kilodaltons (kd), that of FSV 140 kd, and those of PRCIIp and PRCIV about 150 kd. By fingerprinting viral RNAs hybridized with molecularly cloned viral DNA the Δ gag regions of PRCII and PRCIIp were defined to be 1.45 kb and that of FSV to be 1.3 kb. Fingerprint analysis of viral RNA-proto fps DNA hybrids showed the fps regions (approximately 2.8 kb) of FSV and PRCIIp to be isogenic. Compared to FSV and PRCIIp, the fps sequence of PRCII lacked a 1-kb region which maps between 0.3 and 1.3 kb from the 5′ end of fps in FSV and PRCIIp. Based on oligonucleotide analysis, the shared fps complements of PRCII and PRCIIp were indistinguishable while that of FSV differed from those of the PRC viruses in scattered point mutations amounting to 1–2% of the RNA. Since all other regions of PRCII are isogenic with those of the highly tumorigenic variants PRCIIp, PRCIV, and FSV, it is concluded that the low fibroblast-transforming and oncogenic potential of PRCII reflects the internal fps deletion. Since the fps deletion reduces but does not eliminate transforming function, we suggest that the complete onc genes of viruses in the FSV' subgroup include either several functional, or a regulatory and a functional fibroblast transforming domain. It has been reported that the 3′ domains of the onc genes of viruses in the Fujinami subgroup and the onc genes of certain feline sarcoma viruses are distantly related. Since full transforming potential of the avian viruses depends on the 5′ fps region not shared with the feline sarcoma viruses, we suggest that despite their structural homology, the avian and feline onc genes must have functionally different domains.
Considering Arrested Language Development and Language Loss in the Assessment of Second Language Learners

The evaluation of a child who is a second language learner should include an evaluation of the primary language (e.g., Spanish) as well as English. However, the discovery that a child is deficient in both languages does not necessarily mean that the child is not a normal language learner. The dialect and other variations of the language used in the child’s home may be different from the standard language used in the assessment. Furthermore, the learning of a second language before competency in the first language is fully developed may result in arrested development or loss of proficiency in the primary language. This negative effect on the primary language occurs most often if the native language is devalued.
Discussion of neural-specificity model of selective attention: A response to Hillyard and Mangun and to Näätänen☆

Abstract Hillyard and Mangun (this issue) and Naatanen (this issue) have made a number of reflective, important observations in regard to the model we described in our earlier paper (Harter & Aine, 1984). The attention they have given to our paper and model is greatly appreciated and has helped us more clearly conceptualize some of the assertions and observations set forth in our original paper. The scholarly contributions of Hillyard, Naatanen, and their colleagues during the last 20 years, along with those by others related to the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of the visual system, have led us to propose the somewhat different perspective represented by the neural specificity model of selective attention. Hillyard's and Mangun's and then Naatanen's comments will be abstracted and discussed in order.