cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in stand structure and development in forests of Oregon, Washington, and inland Northern California

Despite its importance to biodiversity and ecosystem function, patterns and drivers of regional scale variation in forest structure and development are poorly understood. We characterize structural variation, create a hierarchical classification of forest structure, and develop an empirically based framework for conceptualizing structural development from 11,091 plots across 25 million ha of all ownerships in Oregon, Washington, and inland Northern California, USA. A single component related to live tree biomass accounted for almost half of the variation in a principal components analysis of structural attributes, but components related to live tree density and size, dead wood, and understory vegetation together accounted for as much additional variation. These results indicate that structural development is more complex than a monotonic accumulation of live biomass as other components may act independently or emerge at multiple points during development. The classification revealed the diversity of structural conditions expressed at all levels of live biomass depending on the timing and relative importance of a variety of ecological processes (e.g., mortality) in different vegetation zones. Low live biomass structural types ( 100 Mg/ha) substantiated the diversity of later developmental stages and exhibited considerable variation in the abundance of dead wood and density of big trees. Most structural types corresponded with previously described stages of development, but others associated with protracted early development, woodland/savannah transitions, and partial stand-replacing disturbance lacked analogs and indicated alternative pathways of development. We propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes among families of pathways depending on the range of variation along different components of structure, the relative importance of different disturbances, and complexity of pathways. Our framework is a starting point for developing more comprehensive models of structural development that apply to a wider variety of vegetation zones differing in environment and disturbance regimes.
Miniemulsion polymerization: An approach to control copolymer composition

The copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate (V2EH) via miniemulsion polymerization is being investigated with the goal of better copolymer composition control. The reaction kinetics and final particle sizes were compared for homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of the two monomers. Enhanced polymerization rates were seen for the miniemulsion polymerizations over their conventional counterparts despite a decreased number of particles. This was attributed to the influence of the reactive surfactant sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate and low water solubility of the V2EH monomer. Increased nucleation of miniemulsion droplets was sought by incorporation of small amounts of polymer into the droplets. This was first shown to be effective for styrene miniemulsion polymerizations and was subsequently successfully extended to the VAc/V2EH system
Evidence for Coronary Artery Calcification Screening in the Early Detection of Coronary Artery Disease and Implications of Screening in Developing Countries

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the biggest threat to population health all over the world. Although developed countries have witnessed a decline in CAD-related mortality in recent decades, developing countries are still experiencing steadily increasing CAD morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is found to be a risk factor of CAD, and the use of CAC scanning may better predict CAD and improve evaluation and diagnosis of CAD. We review the major studies from developing countries investigating the prevalence and severity of CAC, the relationship of CAC and other conventional risk factors, the diagnostic accuracy of CAC computed tomography in relation to coronary angiography, and the predictive value of CAC scanning for future CAD events. Last, we summarize the recommendations on CAC scanning from several developing countries and propose future research topics about CAC.
Synthesis of perfluorobicyclic ethers

Abstract The electrochemical fluorination of cycloalkyl-substituted acetic and propionic acids were conducted to obtain several kinds of perfluorobicyclic ethers [reaction conditions: Anodic current density: 3.5 A/dm 2 , Volt: 5∼8V, Temp: 5∼6 °C] . For example, from cyclopentyl-substituted acetic acids, perfluoro(4-alkyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane)s (I) were formed as the cyclization products in yields of 10∼19% together with the corresponding perflouroalkanoyl flourides (II) (Y=3∼13%). While, perfluorospiro-ethers were obtained from the fluorination of 3-cycloalkyl-substituted propionic acids. The characterization of these perfluorobicyclic ethers which consists of the reaction with anhydrous aluminum chloride will be reported also.
Moving the Christian-Jewish Dialogue to a New Level: Can it Happen?

In an address to the annual meeting of the Catholic Theological Society of America in 1986 the Canadian theologian Gregory Baum, who served as an expert at Vatican Council II and worked on the Council document Nostra Aetate, argued that "the Church's recognition of the spiritual status of the Jewish religion is the most dramatic example of doctrinal turn-about in the age-old magisterium ordinarium to occur at the Council." For centuries Western Christian theology, beginning with that of most of the major second century Church Fathers, was infected with a viewpoint which saw the Church as replacing "old" Israel in the covenantal relationship with God. This replacement theology relegated Jews to a miserable and marginal status which could be overcome only through conversion.
Prevalence of white matter lesions and stroke in children with migraine

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of white matter lesions (WMLs) and infarcts in children with migraine and whether pediatric migraine could be a risk factor for silent ischemic lesions or stroke. Methods: Prospectively collected data from 1,008 pediatric patients with headache were reviewed. The MRI data were collected and retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 926 patients diagnosed with migraine, 375 patients had MRIs and 115 had abnormalities, of which 39 had WMLs. Among them, 24 (6% of migraine) patients had incidental white matter findings without known neurovascular disease, risk factors, or etiologies for WMLs. The prevalence of WMLs is more common in migraine with aura (10%) than without aura (4%) ( p = 0.038), but it is not statistically significant compared with controls (4%) ( p = 0.119). Deep WMLs are more prevalent than periventricular lesions; these are detected mainly in the frontal and parietal lobes. No lesions appeared to be infarct-like lesions. There was no association between the total lesion load and chronicity or the frequency of migraine. WMLs are nonprogressive. Pediatric migraineurs with aura do not develop stroke, based on the available follow-up data. Conclusion: WMLs in pediatric patients with migraine and aura are no more prevalent than in controls. They appear to be benign and are not associated with stroke.
Short-term memory: Facilitation and disruption with cholinergic agents

Abstract Male mice (C57BL/6 strain) trained in a T-maze to develop a successive reversal learning set were delayed-response tested at several intervals. When treated with scopolamine, behavior was impaired at all intervals; however, physostigmine facilitated performance at the longer intervals. The impairment and facilitation were most probably due to the actions of the cholinergic agents upon the expression of short-term memory, and it was concluded that the cholinergic synapse was necessary for short-term memory.
Three dilemmas of environmental accounting

Abstract Economist during the past two decades have tried to logically extended the system of national accounts to include the value of resources, environmental systems, and their services. Alternative proposals for improving the accounts have been extensively debated, but no agreement has been reached. The debate has been fueld by a false, implicit belief among the participants that there is one best way to understand how economies interrelate with environmental systems. The falsity is exposed through the elaboration of irresolvable dilemmas. Rather than trying to agree on a single approach, the alternative strategy of experimenting with many approaches is espoused. The development and use of multiple approaches would be scientifically more rigorous and more likely fail-safe.
Effect of bismuth substitution on liquid formation in thallium-based superconductors

Abstract The role of bismuth substitution on phase development and melting behavior of Tl1.1−xBixBa0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9−δ was studied. The substitution limit was x = 0.25, and low-melting liquid was formed when the limit was exceeded. The barium content of the superconductor decreased with increasing bismuth substitution, which coincided with BaBiO3 formation. Magnetization and X-ray diffraction data revealed that the single-layer Tl compound coexists with BaBiO3 up to x = 0.8. For selected compositions, superconductor wire was fabricated by a powder-in-tube process. The critical current density was measured and correlated with the microstructure.
Genomic sequence and structural organization of mouse slow skeletal muscle troponin T gene.

Abstract Three muscle type-specific troponin T (TnT) genes are present in vertebrate to encode a number of protein isoforms via alternative mRNA splicing. While the genomic structures of cardiac and fast skeletal muscle TnT genes have been documented, this study cloned and characterized the slow skeletal muscle TnT (sTnT) gene. Complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization revealed that the mouse sTnT gene spans 11.1 kb and contains 14 exons, which is smaller and simpler than the fast skeletal muscle and cardiac TnT genes. Potentially representing a prototype of the TnT gene family, the 5′-region of the sTnT gene contains fewer unsplit large exons, among which two alternatively spliced exons are responsible for the NH2-terminal variation of three sTnT isoforms. The sTnT gene structure shows that the alternatively spliced central segment found in human sTnT cDNAs may be a result from splicing using an alternative acceptor site at the intron 11–exon 12 boundary. Together with the well-conserved protein structure, the highly specific expression of sTnT in slow skeletal muscles indicates a differentiated function of this member of the TnT gene family. The determination of genomic structure and alternative splicing pathways of sTnT gene lays a foundation to further understand the TnT structure–function evolution as well as contractile characteristics of different types of muscle fiber.
Effect of Surgery on the Quantity of Lymphocyte Subpopulations.

Abstract Surgical procedures cause an equal decrease in the number of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes. This decrease attained its lowest value in 2 to 7 days with recovery or approaching recovery by 10 days. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes obtained postoperatively do not vary from preoperative values; this indicates an equal depression of lymphocytes rather than selective depression of one of the two lymphocyte subpopulations. Neutrophils increased and eosinophils decreased, attaining average maximum and minimum values, respectively, at 2 days postoperatively with subsequent recovery by 10 days.
Stable utility design for distributed resource allocation

The framework of resource allocation games is becoming an increasingly popular modeling choice for distributed control and optimization. In recent years, this approach has evolved into the paradigm of game-theoretic control, which consists of first modeling the interaction between the distributed agents as a strategic form game, and then designing local utility functions for these agents such that the resulting game possesses a stable outcome (e.g., a pure Nash equilibrium) that is efficient (e.g., good “price of anarchy” properties). One then appeals to the large, existing literature on learning in games for distributed algorithms for agents that guarantee convergence to such an equilibrium. An important first problem is to obtain a characterization of stable utility designs, that is, those that guarantee equilibrium existence for a large class of games. Recent work has explored this question in the general, multiselection context, that is, when agents are allowed to choose more than one resource at a time, showing that the only stable utility designs are the so-called “weighted Shapley values”. It remains an open problem to obtain a similar characterization in the single-selection context, which several practical problems such as vehicle target assignment, sensor coverage, etc. fall into. We survey recent work in the multi-selection scenario, and show that even though other utility designs become stable for specific single-selection applications, perhaps surprisingly, in a broader context, the limitation to “weighted Shapley value” utility design continues to prevail.
Abstract A54: STAT3 as a novel therapeutic target in human breast cancer stem cells

The American Cancer Society estimates that over 200,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer and over 40,000 deaths are expected among women in United States each year. Despite advances in chemotherapy and hormonal treatment, at the present time, metastatic breast cancer remains an incurable disease. Although a large number of chemotherapeutic agents have been developed that are able to cause the regression of metastatic breast cancers, these tumors almost always recur following chemotherapy treatment. It is possible that breast cancer stem cells or breast cancer initiating cells are responsible for the drug‐resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer. Constitutive activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is frequently detected in many types of cancers, including breast cancer, and has emerged as an attractive molecular target for cancer treatment. However, whether or not STAT3 is activated in breast cancer stem cells and what role STAT3 signaling plays in cancer stem cells is still unknown. If STAT3 is activated in breast cancer stem cells, targeting STAT3 may offer a promising opportunity to eliminate breast cancer stem cells and prevent the recurrence of cancer. We examined STAT3 activation in breast cancer stem cells, which are characterized by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)‐positive subpopulation. Interestingly, we observed that the ALDH‐positive subpopulation of breast cancer cells expressed higher levels of phosphorylated STAT3, an active form of STAT3, as compared to the ALDH‐negative subpopulation and un‐separated breast cancer cells, suggesting that STAT3 is activated in breast cancer stem cells. We also demonstrated that a novel STAT3 inhibitor, LLL12, inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, cell viability, STAT3 downstream target gene expression, and induced apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells. In addition, the STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and LLL12 reduced ALDH‐positive subpopulation and inhibited their tumorsphere forming capacity. Furthermore, in our pilot study in a mouse tumor model using breast cancer stem cells, we demonstrated that LLL12 can suppress tumor growth in vivo . This is the first report to demonstrate that persistent STAT3 phosphorylation is expressed in breast cancer stem cells and that this subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells is sensitive to STAT3 inhibitors. Our results suggest that STAT3 is a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer stem cells and inhibition of activated STAT3 in cancer stem cells may offer a more effective treatment for breast cancer. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A54.
Lessons of the early Cold War for understanding WMD proliferation today

Consideration of employing military options against rogue proliferators is, in many respects, a throwback to the period of the early Cold War. Preventive and preemptive war options have once again become a regular part of strategic discourse. This article explores similarities between the early Cold War and the present era, focusing on how the process of proliferation creates acute fears about shifting balances of power and the risks of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) conflict. Drawing on recently published US and Russian sources, which have enabled a vastly improved empirical understanding of this period over the last decade, the article illustrates how the instability of the ‘age of crises’ derived in large part from three rational pathways to global war. It is argued that these three pathways are also present in the contemporary strategic environment. Also, various stabilizing elements that existed during the early Cold War are not likely to function in present circumstances. The article concludes th...
Ecosystems biology of microbial metabolism.

The metabolic capabilities of many environmentally and medically important microbes can be quantitatively explored using systems biology approaches to metabolic networks. Yet, as we learn more about the complex microbe–microbe and microbe–environment interactions in microbial communities, it is important to understand whether and how system-level approaches can be extended to the ecosystem level. Here we summarize recent work that addresses these challenges at multiple scales, starting from two-species natural and synthetic ecology models, up to biosphere-level approaches. Among the many fascinating open challenges in this field is whether the integration of high throughput sequencing methods and mathematical models will help us capture emerging principles of ecosystem-level metabolic organization and evolution.
Ultrastructural Studies of Nuclear Division in Basidiobolus Ranarum Eidam

Electron microscopy shows that nuclear division in the parasitic phycomycete Basidiobolus ranarum, is mitotic despite some atypical features. The nuclear envelope partially fragments in prophase bu...
Muskingum flood routing of upland streamflow

Abstract The results of flood routing trials on a small ARS experimental watershed using the Muskingum flood routing system showed that the routing coefficients K and X vary for each storm. By approximating the observed inflow hydrographs by a simple triangular shape, direct solution for the routing coefficients was possible. The proper values of K and X were determined as those values needed to match the peak and time to peak of the outflow hydrographs. K was found to be a function of the lag time between peaks of the inflow and outflow hydrographs. X was found to be a function of K , attenuation, and the shape of the inflow hydrograph. By close examination of the storms used for testing, it was found that K and X were related to the shape of the inflow hydrographs.
Product assortment choice for independent Web‐based call service centers

The last few years have witnessed the an increase in the importance of web‐based call service centers, which can effectively manage the consumer communications necessary for consumer satisfaction and loyalty. Many small firms lacking the financial and manpower resources to establish a wholly owned call center outsource these activities to independent call centers. However, managers are generally hesitant to outsource their communication management tasks to call centers which also service their competitors, fearing leakage of sensitive information. Independent call centers can counter this fear by having exclusive contracts with retailers in each product category. This will require independent call centers to have clients in different product categories, even though it is preferable to pick products to maintain synergies in their operations. It is hypothesized that managers can obtain these synergies by using the product classification scheme of search‐experience goods to pick products. The hypothesis is validated through empirical testing.
COR TRIATRIATUM IN A 3 MONTH OLD INFANT An operable form of pulmonary hypertension

. Wyler, F., Rutishauser, M. and Gradel, E. (Children's Hospital and Department of Heart Surgery, University of Basel, Switzerland). An operable form of pulmonary hypertension: Cor triatriatum in a 3-month-old infant. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 619, 1974. —In a 3-month-old infant the clinical picture and the diagnostic criteria of cor triatriatum are presented. In addition to the pressure differences between PC wedge and left atrium the angiocardiogram is pertinent for detecting this malformation. This easily operable condition should be included in the differential diagnosis in every case of pulmonary hypertension from elevated pulmonary venous pressure. This is, to our knowledge, the youngest patient reported with correct preoperative diagnosis and surgical cure.
Bone disease after liver transplantation.

Abstract Key Points 1. Bone disease is a common problem in patients with chronic liver disease and liver transplants. 2. The cause of bone disease in these patients is multifactorial. 3. Bone disease worsens initially after liver transplantation, with subsequent improvement over time. However, bone disease in liver transplant recipients is common with long-term follow-up. 4. Evaluation of these patients should include metabolic and hormonal evaluations in conjunction with dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry or bone mineral density evaluation. 5. Treatment with calcium, vitamin D, and hormonal supplements should be considered when appropriate for patients awaiting and after liver transplantation. The use of bisphosphanates and calcitonin also should be considered, although published studies in these populations are few in number. ( Liver Transpl 2001;7:S27-S35 .)
Differences in Oral Sexual Behaviors by Gender, Age, and Race Explain Observed Differences in Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection

Purpose This study explores whether gender, age and race differences in oral sexual behavior account for the demographic distribution of oral human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OSCC) Methods This analysis included 2,116 men and 2,140 women from NHANES (2009–10) who answered a behavioral questionnaire and provided an oral-rinse sample for HPV detection. Weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for sexual behaviors and oral HPV infection by gender, age-cohort (20–29, 30–44, 45–59, 60–69), and race, and contrasted with incidence rate ratios (IRR) of OSCC from SEER 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of oral sexual behavior and oral HPV16 infection. Results Differences in oral sexual behavior were observed by gender, age-cohort and race. Most men (85.4%) and women (83.2%) had ever performed oral sex, but men had more lifetime oral and vaginal sexual partners and higher oral HPV16 prevalence than women (each p<0.001). 60–69 year olds (yo) were less likely than 45–59 or 30–44 (yo) to have performed oral sex (72.7%, 84.8%, and 90.3%, p<0.001), although oral HPV16 prevalence was similar. Prevalence ratios (PR) of ever oral sex in men vs. women (PR = 1.03), and 45–59 vs. 30–44 year-old men (PR = 0.96) were modest relative to ratios for oral HPV16 infection (PRs = 1.3–6.8) and OSCC (IRR = 4.7–8.1). In multivariate analysis, gender, age-cohort, and race were significant predictors of oral sexual behavior. Oral sexual behavior was the primary predictor of oral HPV16 infection; once this behavior was adjusted for, age-cohort and race were no longer associated with oral HPV16. Conclusion There are differences in oral sexual behaviors when considering gender, age-cohort and race which explain observed epidemiologic differences in oral HPV16 infection across these groups.
Practical considerations for the rapid inspection of composite materials using laser-based ultrasound

Abstract An automated laser-based ultrasound system is described that has sufficient sensitivity to detect typical flaws of interest in composite materials without causing surface damage to the part under test. An important step in achieving a rapid scanning laser-in/layer-out system has been the integration of a galvanometer mirror scan head in conjunction with a novel data acquisition scheme. This has allowed both flat and curved composite materials to be inspected with scanning speeds in excess of 18.5 m2h−1, based on a 12.5 mm × 12.5 mm pixel size. In addition, a reference signal technique has been developed which superimposes a known phase modulation onto the probe laser beam. Real-time processing of the reference signal allows changes in the ultrasonic signal amplitude due to ultrasonic attenuation to be distinguished from those due to the variations in the amount of light reflected from the surface of the test specimen as the specimen is scanned. This technique thus eliminates problems resulting from ‘scanning noise.’ These results represent a significant step toward developing a field-usable automated laser-based ultrasonic scanning system for flaw detection in advanced composite materials.
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: To determine if use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Data Sources: English-language articles published from January 1966 to June 1997 examining HRT and ovarian cancer were found by using MEDLINE, searching the bibliographies of relevant articles and by consulting experts. Study Selection: Of 327 articles identified, nine provided data on the risk of invasive cancer among ever-users of HRT and were selected for inclusion by consensus of two independent reviewers. Studies were included if cases were age-matched to controls or results were age-adjusted and if women with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were excluded. Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Two independent unblinded reviewers abstracted data regarding risk of developing epithelial ovarian carcinoma and use of HRT. A general variance-based, fixed-effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks. Ever-use of HRT was associated with an increased risk of developing invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.27). Use of HRT for more than 10 years was associated with the greatest risk of ovarian cancer (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00, 1.61). Conclusion: Prolonged use of hormone therapy by postmenopausal women may be associated with an increased risk of developing epithelial carcinoma of the ovary.
Deoxycytidine in human plasma: potential for protecting leukemic cells during chemotherapy1

Degradation of DNA produces deoxycytidine. Metabolism of deoxycytidine to dCTP inhibits phosphorylation of cytosine arabinoside (araC), fludarabine (FaraA) and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) by deoxycytidine kinase. This study measured plasma deoxycytidine in healthy adults and two leukemia patients and then determined how clinically relevant deoxycytidine levels would affect drug toxicity in human leukemia and lymphoma cells. Deoxycytidine was well below 0.05 μM in ten healthy persons. In the leukemia patients it was <0.05 and 0.44 μM before chemotherapy, rising to 10.3 and 5.5 μM during treatment. A broad range of clinically relevant deoxycytidine levels were high enough to profoundly decrease araC, FaraA and CdA toxicity in MOLT3, CA46 and HL60 leukemia/lymphoma cells and to change dCTP, DNA synthesis and drug incorporation into DNA in a manner consistent with prior mechanistic studies. Varying deoxycytidine levels could be an important factor influencing leukemia therapy.
Testing the impact of clouds on the radiation budgets of 19 atmospheric general circulation models

[1] We compare cloud-radiative forcing (CRF) at the top-of-the atmosphere from 19 atmospheric general circulation models, employing simulations with prescribed sea-surface temperatures, to observations from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). With respect to 60°N to 60°S means, a surprising result is that many of the 19 models produce unusually large biases in Net CRF that are all of the same sign (negative), meaning that many of the models significantly overestimate cloud radiative cooling. The primary focus of this study, however, is to demonstrate a diagnostic procedure, using ERBE data, to test if a model might produce, for a given region, reasonable CRF as a consequence of compensating errors caused either by unrealistic cloud vertical structure, cloud optical depth or cloud fraction. For this purpose we have chosen two regions, one in the western tropical Pacific characterized by high clouds spanning the range from thin cirrus to deep convective clouds, and the other in the southeastern Pacific characterized by trade cumulus. For a subset of eight models, it is found that most typically produce more realistic regionally-averaged CRF (and its longwave and shortwave components) for the southeastern region as opposed to the western region. However, when the diagnostic procedure for investigating cloud vertical structure and cloud optical depth is imposed, this somewhat better agreement in the southeastern region is found to be the result of compensating errors in either cloud vertical structure, cloud optical depth or cloud fraction. The comparison with ERBE data also shows large errors in clear-sky fluxes for many of the models.
Sex-linked juvenile diabetes mellitus; a genetic and clinical study of a family.

THIS study presents data which suggest that genetic factors influence the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. In the family to be discussed, these factors are emphasized by the number of members affected in the immediate family and the occurrence of the disease in members of the same sex. The family consists of 8 persons: father (F. T.—aged 39), mother (M. T.—aged 35), 3 boys (N. T— aged 16, J. T—aged 11, L. T— aged 8), and 3 girls (L. T— aged 14, C. T— aged 12, and A. T— aged 4). The father and the 3 girls are of average height and have brown hair and eyes; the mother and the 3 boys have blond hair and blue eyes. The growth curves of the boys and their mother fall within the lowest 1 per cent of the normal range. Mathematical analysis suggests that the growth rate and hair pigment are inherited in the same chromosome and that the growth retardation and blondness are inherited as recessive autosomal characteristics with a homozygous mother and a heterozygous father. The 3 boys have diabetes mellitus. The oth...
The Structure of Behavioral Values of College Students

Abstract A factor analysis of 744 students' social desirability ratings for 95 questionnaire items yielded nine factors of behavioral values, eight of which were considered reliable. The questionnaire was comprised of the universe of responses given by an earlier sample of subjects to the incomplete sentence stems, “I would be ashamed of myself if …” and “I am proud of myself when ….” Thus, the items were not preselected on any theoretical basis, but were established empirically as the stated behavioral values of a group of college students. The resulting factors suggested an organization of values that distinguishes between competence and moral values, between personal and interpersonal values, and between subject and object values.
Jawbone quality, jaw shape, implant length, and overdenture treatment protocol were associated with implant failures.

Original Article Herrmann I, Lekholm U, Holm S, Kultje C. Evaluation of patient and implant characteristics as potential prognostic factors for oral implant failures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20(2):220-30. Level of Evidence 2a Purpose/Question The purpose of this study was 2-fold: first, to evaluate the patient and implant characteristics individually, and second, to assess the combinations of these characteristics as to the influence on the success rate of dental implants with the identification of prognostic factors for implant survival and failure. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Prospective multicenter study
Relationship between VO2max, heart score and echocardiographic measurements obtained at rest and immediately following maximal exercise in thoroughbred horses.

We evaluated the relationships of heart score (HS) and echocardiographic measures to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximal cardiac output (Qmax), and maximal stroke volume (SVmax). Six fit, mature Thoroughbred horses weighing (mean +/- s.e.) 487 +/- 11 kg were run 4 times on an inclined (10%) treadmill. Each run consisted of a 3 min warm-up at 4 m/s followed by completion of an incremental exercise test in which each horse ran until VO2max was reached. Arterial and mixed venous blood was collected to determine arteriovenous oxygen content difference C(a-v)O2[ in the last 15 s of exercise. An ATL HDI 3000 ultrasound system and a 3.5 MHz phased array transducer were used to make echocardiographic measurements before and within 2 min of run completion. Guided M-mode echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular diameter (LVD), interventricular septal thickness (IVS) and left ventricular free wall thickness (LVFW) during diastole (D) and systole (S) were made from the right parasternal short axis view at the level of the chordae, and VO2 and C(a-v)O2 were measured as the appropriate M-mode view was recorded. Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was determined using a cardiotachometer, and HS was calculated on nonexercise days using the established technique. Maximum cardiac output and SVmax were calculated from the Fick equation and HRmax. Backward stepwise regression analysis was used to relate pre- and post exercise echocardiographic measurements and HS to VO2, Q, and SV at the time of measurement, and to VO2max, Qmax, and SVmax. Pre- and post exercise LVDD appeared to be the most important variable in these equations. Mean pre-exercise HR at the time of measurement was 54.7 +/- 1.9 beats/min, while the mean post exercise rate was 111.7 +/- 2.6 beats/min. The mean +/- s.e. VO2max was 150.4 +/- 13.2 ml/(kg.min). Heart score was not correlated with VO2max, Qmax, or SVmax. There was no significant difference between pre- and post exercise measurements of LVD, IVSS, and LVFWS.
Calculations of the total energy, electron-phonon interaction, and Stoner parameter for metals

Using the augmented-plane-wave method, we performed total-energy calculations for all the metals crystallizing in the hcp structure and for all the 5d metals in the hcp structure. Also, using the predicted equilibrium lattice constants from our present and previous total-energy calculations, we carried out band-structure calculations that explore possibilities for superconductivity and magnetism in all the transition metals in the fcc, bcc, and hcp structures.
An amoeboid olivine inclusion (AOI) in CK3 NWA 1559, comparison to AOIs in CV3 Allende, and the origin of AOIs in CK and CV chondrites

An amoeboid olivine inclusion in CK3 NWA 1559 (0.54 × 1.3 mm) consists of a diopside-rich interior (approximately 35 vol%) and an olivine-rich rim (approximately 65 vol%). It is the first AOI to be described in CK chondrites; the apparent paucity of these inclusions is due to extensive parent-body recrystallization. The AOI interior contains irregular 3–15 μm-sized Al-bearing diopside grains (approximately 70 vol%), 2–20 μm-sized pores (approximately 30 vol%), and traces of approximately 2 μm plagioclase grains. The 75–160 μm-thick rim contains 20–130 μm-sized ferroan olivine grains, some with 120o triple junctions. A few coarse (25–50 μm-sized) patches of plagioclase with 2–18 μm-thick diopside rinds occur in several places just beneath the rim. The occurrence of olivine rims around AOI-1 and around many AOIs in CV3 Allende suggests that CK and CV AOIs formed by the acquisition of porous forsteritic rims around fine-grained, rimless CAIs that consisted of diopside, anorthite, melilite, and spinel. Individual AOIs in carbonaceous chondrites may have formed after transient heating events melted their olivine rims as well as portions of the underlying interiors. In AOI-1, coarse plagioclase grains with diopside rinds crystallized immediately below the olivine rim. Secondary parent-body alteration transformed forsterite in the rims of CV and CK AOIs into more-ferroan olivine. Some of the abundant pores in the interior of AOI-1 may have formed during aqueous alteration after fine-grained melilite and anorthite were leached out. Chondrite groups with large chondrules tend to have large AOIs. AOIs that formed in dust-rich nebular regions (where CV and CK chondrites later accreted) tend to be larger than AOIs from less-dusty regions.
9-Triptycenecarboxylate-Bridged Diiron(II) Complexes: Capture of the Paddlewheel Geometric Isomer.

The synthesis and characterization of diiron(II) complexes supported by 9-triptycenecarboxylate ligands ((-)O(2)CTrp) is described. The interlocking nature of the triptycenecarboxylates facilitates formation of quadruply bridged diiron(II) complexes of the type [Fe(2)(μ-O(2)CTrp)(4)(L)(2)] (L = THF, pyridine or imidazole derivative) with a paddlewheel geometry. A systematic lengthening of the Fe-Fe distance occurs with the increase in steric bulk of the neutral donor L, resulting in values of up to 3 A without disassembly of the paddlewheel structure. Reactions with an excess of water do not lead to decomposition of the diiron(II) core, indicating that these quadruply bridged complexes are of exceptional stability. The red-colored complexes [Fe(2)(μ-O(2)CTrp)(4)(4-AcPy)(2)] (10) and [Fe(2)(μ-O(2)CTrp)(4)(4-CNPy)(2)] (11) exhibit solvent-dependent thermochromism in coordinating solvents that was studied by variable temperature UV-vis spectroscopy. Reaction of [Fe(2)(μ-O(2)CTrp)(4)(THF)(2)] with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), tetra-n-butyl ammonium thiocyanate, or excess 2-methylimidazole resulted in the formation of mononuclear complexes [Fe(O(2)CTrp)(2)(TMEDA)] (13), (n-Bu(4)N)(2)[Fe(O(2)CTrp)(2)(SCN)(2)] (14), and [Fe(O(2)CTrp)(2)(2-MeIm)(2)] (15) having an O(4)/N(2) coordination sphere composition.
Multicolored Trees in Complete Graphs

We prove the existence of two edge-disjoint multicolored spanning trees in any edge-coloring of a complete graph by perfect matchings; we conjecture that a full partition into multicolored spanning trees is always possible.
Potentiation of alkylation-induced sister chromatid exchange frequency by 3-aminobenzamide is mediated by intracellular loss of NAD+

3-Aminobenzamide (3AB) is a competitive inhibitor of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase. It will interact synergistically with certain monofunctional alkylating agents to increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 3AB will also increase the baseline SCE frequency in exposed cells. The extent of interaction between 3AB and monofunctional alkylating agents varies depending on the alkylating agent used and appears to be due to the different amounts of membrane damage produced by the alkylating agents. In this study, exogenously added beta-NAD+ was found to reduce substantially SCE frequency in cells that had been treated with combinations of 3AB and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) but not in cells treated with 3AB and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). MMS produces more cell membrane damage than MNNG at equitoxic doses. beta-NAD+ is the substrate for ADP-ribosylation and normally does not freely diffuse into cells. beta-NAD+ had no significant effect on SCE induction in intact cells or in cells treated with either 3AB or alkylating agent alone. In contrast to beta-NAD+, exogenously added alpha-NAD+, which is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, increased SCE frequency in MMS-treated cells. Thus the interaction between 3AB and certain monofunctional alkylating agents in SCE formation is apparently due to cell membrane permeabilization and the loss of intracellular NAD+ which in turn probably results in a greater inhibition of ADP-ribosylation in the presence of 3AB.
Broadband bearing-time records of three-component seismic array data and their application to the study of local earthquake coda

High-frequency three-component array data are used to study the P and S coda produced by local earthquakes. The data are displayed as broadband bearing-time records which allow us to examine a complete time history of the propagation directions and arrival times of direct and scattered phases crossing the array. This visualization technique is used to examine the wavefield on two scale lengths using two sub-arrays of sensors. Results suggest that P coda is dominated by P energy propagating sub-parallel to the diect P arrival. TheS coda propagates in all directions and appears to be composed predominantly of S and/or surface wave energy. Significantly more S coda appears on the smaller scale length sub-array relative to the larger scale array suggesting that much of the S coda remains coherent for only very short distances.
Lack of strong induced or maternal effects in tussock moths (Orgyia vetusta) on bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus)

Both induced and maternal effects may create delayed negative feedback on the population growth of herbivorous insects. I tested for these effects in a chronically dense population of tussock moths (Orgyia vetusta) feeding on bush lupines (Lupinus arboreus). Experimental bushes received different realistic levels of defoliation by tussock moths in the preceding year, and experimental moth larvae came from mothers that had experienced either high or low levels of crowding as larvae in the previous year. Weight of female moths at pupation was not affected by prior foliar damage, and showed only a weak (12%) effect of maternal crowding. Rates of early larval disappearance, from aerial dispersal ("ballooning") or other causes, were unaffected by either foliar damage or maternal crowding, and were very low except when larvae were placed on dead bushes. These results help to explain why the tussock moth population has maintained high densities at the study site for >10 years.
Characterization of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) germplasm by transferred SSRs from wheat, maize and sorghum

One hundred and thirty SSR markers from wheat, maize and sorghum were screened for the transferability to Paspalum. The transfer rate was 67.5, 49.0 and 66.8% respectively. This would be a very efficient approach for DNA marker development for species which are not well studied molecularly. The polymorphism level for transferred SSR markers was 51.5% within species (Paspalum vaginatum) and 87.1% among Paspalum species. The high level of polymorphism is directly related to the high degree of heterozygosity maintained by its way of reproduction, i.e. self-incompatibility. Forty transferred polymorphic SSR markers were selected and used for characterization and evaluation of seventy-three Paspalum accessions. In total, 209 polymorphic bands were detected from these 40 SSR markers, with an average of five polymorphic bands per marker. The Paspalum accessions clustered into three major groups. Two very similar dendrograms can be generated from either 109 or 209 polymorphic bands. This led us to determine that 18 of the transferred SSR markers were sufficient for genetically differentiating the investigated germplasm accessions. The number of SSR markers required for germplasm characterization and evaluation is discussed. This is the first report of the transfer of SSR markers from major field crops to newly emerged environmental turfgrasses.
Factor structure underlying components of allostatic load.

Allostatic load is a commonly used metric of health risk based on the hypothesis that recurrent exposure to environmental demands (e.g., stress) engenders a progressive dysregulation of multiple physiological systems. Prominent indicators of response to environmental challenges, such as stress-related hormones, sympatho-vagal balance, or inflammatory cytokines, comprise primary allostatic mediators. Secondary mediators reflect ensuing biological alterations that accumulate over time and confer risk for clinical disease but overlap substantially with a second metric of health risk, the metabolic syndrome. Whether allostatic load mediators covary and thus warrant treatment as a unitary construct remains to be established and, in particular, the relation of allostatic load parameters to the metabolic syndrome requires elucidation. Here, we employ confirmatory factor analysis to test: 1) whether a single common factor underlies variation in physiological systems associated with allostatic load; and 2) whether allostatic load parameters continue to load on a single common factor if a second factor representing the metabolic syndrome is also modeled. Participants were 645 adults from Allegheny County, PA (30–54 years old, 82% non-Hispanic white, 52% female) who were free of confounding medications. Model fitting supported a single, second-order factor underlying variance in the allostatic load components available in this study (metabolic, inflammatory and vagal measures). Further, this common factor reflecting covariation among allostatic load components persisted when a latent factor representing metabolic syndrome facets was conjointly modeled. Overall, this study provides novel evidence that the modeled allostatic load components do share common variance as hypothesized. Moreover, the common variance suggests the existence of statistical coherence above and beyond that attributable to the metabolic syndrome.
Evidence for ecto-protein kinase activity on the surface of human neutrophils

Recent studies have suggested a possible role for extracellular ATP in neutrophil function. This report provides evidence for the existence of an ecto-protein kinase activity on the surface of human neutrophils capable of phosphorylating intrinsic cell membrane proteins as well as exogenous proteins. Addition of extracellular [gamma-32P]ATP to neutrophils resulted in rapid incorporation of 32P into cellular proteins that were sensitive to trypsin. The ability of adherent cells to phosphorylate the exogenous substrate casein, while no protein kinase activity was released into the supernate, provided further evidence for a cell surface associated protein kinase activity.
Strong evidence for negligible methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) emissions from biomass burning

Author(s): Simpson, IJ; Blake, NJ; Blake, DR; Meinardi, S; Andersen, MPS; Rowland, FS | Abstract: With the phase-out of industrial methyl chloroform (MCF) production, the atmospheric burden of this ozone-depleting gas has rapidly declined. Therefore any non-industrial sources are taking on greater significance in the MCF budget. The only natural MCF source that has been proposed, biomass burning, has been reported to emit up to 2-10 Gg MCF yr-1. We have re-examined MCF data for thousands of airborne and ground-based air samples collected by our group since 1990 that were directly impacted by major biomass burning sources. Without exception, we have found no positive evidence that MCF is released from biomass burning. Our results indicate that global biomass burning emissions of MCF have been significantly overestimated and are unlikely to exceed 0.014 Gg MCF yr-1. Lowering the uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the global MCF biomass burning source may extend its period of usefulness for determining global abundances and trends of the hydroxyl radical (OH). Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.