cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin, Parity, and j − j Expansion Coefficients for States of Low Excitation in O 18

A study of the angular distributions and of relative intensities of proton groups from the reaction O/sup 17/(d p)O/sup 18/ has established even parity and total angular momenta of 0, 2, and 4 for the lowest three known states in O/sup 18/. These results, as well as the d-wave stripping intensities, are in remarkable agreement with theoretical predictions of Redlich and of Elliott and Flowers. A mixed s-d angular distribution for the first excited state is shown to determine sensitively the coefficients of the d/sub 5/2, s/sub 1/2 and (d/sub 5/2,)/s up 2/ terms in a j-j expansion of the wave function for this state. (auth)
Piezoresistance and Quantum Confinement in Microcrystalline Silicon

We report piezoresistance studies in microcrystalline silicon films produced by reactive sputtering from a silicon target in an atmosphere of hydrogen and argon. The microcrystalline silicon films are two phase materials consisting of 50-100A diameter silicon crystallites embedded in an amorphous Si-H x matrix. The conductivity of the films was found to decrease significantly when the films were put under compression. Conductivity decreases of up to 100% were observed; this large conductivity changes with strain indicate that microcrystalline silicon is ideally suited for highly sensitive strain gauge applications. The results can be qualitatively accounted for in a model which assumes quantum confinement of carriers in 50A diameter silicon crystallites separated by tunnelable amorphous Si-H x barriers.
A New Heterothallic Pythium from Southern United States

In studies of Pythium species common to forest and agricultural soils of the Southeast, numerous assays for these fungi have been made on Hendrix and Kuhlman's modification of Kerr's Pythium medium (Hendrix and Kuhlman, 1965; Kerr, 1963). A frequently isolated Pythium produced only globose, terminal or intercalary sporangia or chlamydospores on corn meal and hempseed agar plates. These bodies failed to form zoospores when agar blocks bearing mycelium were flooded or continuously irrigated with distilled water or with soil leachate. A few isolates from several soil samples produced well-developed oogonia and oospores. The globose sporangia which were also present failed to produce zoospores on flooding or irrigation. Apparently the oospore-producing isolates were closely related to those producing only sporangia or chlamydospores. Extensive pairings of the sporangial isolates on hempseed agar2 plates demonstrated that well-formed oospores were produced when the mycelium of certain isolates made contact. The oospores so formed were similar to those produced by the homothallic isolates. The existence of a Pythium species normally heterothallic is of mycological interest, and because this fungus is morphologically different from other named species it is described here as a new species. The nature of the heterothallic reaction will be discussed in a separate paper.
Integration of Biological and Chemical Control: Opportunities in Forest Entomology

The forest environment provides an interesting and fruitful location for the study of relatively undisturbed populations of insects. In the forests we can still find ample opportunity for the study of individuals, populations, and communities that are approximately as they were before man began to influence ecology. By observing the forests we can reassure ourselves that insect outbreaks are not always the result of man's activities. Nevertheless, activities of men in the forest have influenced insect populations in the past and will become more important in the development of forest insect outbreaks in the future.
Emergency department trauma care: priorities and documentation.

High priority issues in trauma care and in documentation of the process of care are discussed.
Enzymological characterization of feruloyl and acetyl esterases in the rumen fluids of Holstein steers

To determine enzymological characteristics of feruloyl esterase(FAE) and acetyl esterase(AE),rumen fluids collected from Holstein steers intalled flexible ruminal cannula were centrifuged at 1 000g at 4 ℃ for 10 min to prepare crude enzyme solutions.The optimal pH is 9.0 and optimal temperature for FAE is 40-50 ℃;and the Michaelis constants(Km) is 0.76 mmol/L and maximum velocities(Vmax) against methyl ferulate is 5.43 mU at pH 6.0 and 39 ℃.The optimal pH for AE is 8.0 and optimal temperature for AE is 50 ℃,and the Km and Vmax against p-nitrophenyl acetate at pH 7.0 and 39 ℃ were 0.64 mmol/L and 91.00 mU.Cations such as Mg2+,Zn2+,K+,Cu2+,Co2+,Ca2+ and Mn2+ in this study inhibited the activities of esterases for FAE while Fe2+ has opsite effects.The cations of Mg2+,K+,Co2+,Ca2+ and Mn2+ had a stimulatory effect on AE.In general,FAE showed relatively more stable than AE in the rumen though both pH and temperature in rumen fluids may not be optimum for both esterases to exert their enzymological potentials in plant cell wall degradation.
On The Cultivation of Student's Comprehensive Ability by Designing Physics Experiments Course

The present paper discusses the opening process and method of the designing physics experiments,and summarizes the significance of the course. It proposes that the course plays a positive role in cultivating the midshipmen's experiment thought and techniques.
Extreme hyperkalemia induced by drugs.

PreviewBecause of age and disease-induced pathophysiologic changes, elderly and diabetic patients are prone to hyperkalemia under even the best of circumstances. Further complicating the situation is the fact that the drugs often prescribed for these populations can affect potassium homeostasis. Drs Rigolin and Chap describe a case in which an elderly diabetic man with azotemia survived extreme drug-induced hyperkalemia.
Contribution of red blood cell aggregation to venous vascular resistance in skeletal muscle

The effects of red blood cell aggregation on venous vascular resistance and conductance were examined in the cat lateral gastrocnemius muscle. During perfusion with blood of normal hematocrit, veno...
Preliminary gait analysis results after posterior tibial tendon reconstruction: A prospective study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on gait in patients who underwent reconstruction for stage II posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction. Twelve patients with stage II PTT dysfunction underwent surgical reconstruction consisting of debridement of the posterior tibial tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer to the navicular tuberosity, medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy, and spring ligament reconstruction. Midfoot arthrodesis was performed in six patients and gastrocnemius recession in three. Gait analysis was performed 2 weeks prior to surgery and 1 year postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared to determine differences in temporal-spatial parameters, lower limb kinematics, and ankle push-off power. Step length for the operated side increased from 52.6 +/- 9.6 cm before the surgery to 57.5 +/- 7.1 cm after the surgery (p =.048). Cadence improved from 100.2 +/- 10.7 steps/min to 109.1 +/- 8.5 steps/min (p =.05), thus increasing velocity from 87.6 +/- 22.6 cm/s to 103.4 +/- 15.9 cm/s (p =.042). Single support percentage was unchanged. Maximum sagittal ankle joint power at push-off increased from 0.79 +/- 0.35 W before surgery to 1.2 +/- 0.5 W after surgery (p =.042). There were statistically significant improvements in all radiographic parameters studied. This is the first prospective study to evaluate the in vivo effects on gait in patients undergoing this common surgical procedure. Analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvement in kinetic and kinematic parameters of gait function.
Property Taxation, Zoning, and Efficiency in a Dynamic Tiebout Model

Abstract This paper presents a dynamic Tiebout model and uses it to revisit a classic argument in public finance. The argument, due to Hamilton (1975), is that a system of governments financing services with property taxes will produce an efficient allocation of housing and services if governments can implement zoning ordinances. In the model, when governments choose zoning along with taxes and services, there does not exist an equilibrium that is both efficient and locally stable. Moreover, there exists an equilibrium in which governments over-zone and households overconsume housing. These findings challenge the Benefit View of the property tax. (JEL H71, H73, R52)
Prior-Free Probabilistic Inference for Econometricians

The econometrics literature is dominated by the frequentist school which places primary emphasis on the specification of methods that have certain long-run frequency properties, mostly disavowing any notion of inference based on the given data. This preference for frequentism is at least partially based on the belief that probabilistic inference is possible only through a Bayesian approach, the success of which generally depends on the unrealistic assumption that the prior distribution is meaningful in some way. This paper is intended to inform econometricians that an alternative inferential model (IM) approach exists that can achieve probabilistic inference without a prior and while enjoying certain calibration properties essential for reproducibility, etc. Details about the IM construction and its properties are presented, along with some intuition and examples.
“Living in the moment” among cancer survivors who report life-transforming change

Background: Some cancer survivors say that while coping with their illness they have had what they identify as a highly beneficial, personal, life-transforming change (LTC; a self-subscribed condition among participants in this study, not a researcher-defined construct). Previously we found that the content of LTC was highly individual; but certain features of the LTC process were quite uniform. For example, LTC was driven by a very rational desire to remain genuinely functional as a person in the midst of highly stressful circumstances. Our purpose is to further understand LTC by analysis of participants’ critique of questionnaire items on positive subjective outcomes. Methods: We obtained a set of 67 positive psychosocial questionnaire items from the Psychosocial Impact of Illness (PII) item bank development team of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pa-tient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) initiative. The PII items are sourced from a variety of instruments, representing more than one theory of personal growth. This enabled a grounded theory ap-proach, allowing a theory of LTC to emerge from the data. Each of nine cancer survivors participated in a single, two-part session: an hour-long semi-structured qualitative interview regarding their LTC (previously reported), then individually critiquing the 67 items in terms of relevance and importance to their self-reported LTC experience (their critique is analyzed in this article). The PII items were grouped into 20 researcher-defined conceptual themes and average scores for each theme were computed and compared. Results: The theme “living in the moment” (LITM; sometimes referred to as “Being in the moment” in other literature) scored significantly higher than other themes. Qualitative interview transcripts revealed that participants spontaneously used LITM as a coping tactic that reduced worries to manageable levels. These par-ticipants noticed subsequently that LITM also produced unexpected substantial benefits in many aspects of their lives unrelated to cancer. This experience motivated increased use of LITM that led to LTC beyond coping with cancer. Conclusions: LITM can be a practical, effective coping tactic to manage worries and promote adaptation to the challenges of a life-threatening illness. Participant interviews indicated the motivation for LITM is not traumatic experience, but seems to be conservation of their own personal resources for coping with in-creased stresses. Hobfoll’s conservation of resources model appears to be more consistent with LITM among our participants than Tedeshi’s posttraumatic growth (PTG) model. Several PII items that represent LITM have un-fortunately been removed from the current PROMIS PII item bank, indicating a need for improved of item selection criteria. Further research is needed first to identify or develop assessment items that more effectively capture the precursors and phases of LITM, and then develop interventions that facilitate LITM and LTC for patients.
Impaired JIP3-dependent axonal lysosome transport promotes amyloid plaque pathology

Lysosomes robustly accumulate within axonal swellings at Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid plaques. However, the underlying mechanisms and disease relevance of such lysosome accumulations are not well understood. Motivated by these problems, we identified JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) as an important regulator of axonal lysosome transport and maturation. JIP3 knockout mouse neuron primary cultures accumulate lysosomes within focal axonal swellings that resemble the dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques. These swellings contain high levels of amyloid precursor protein processing enzymes (BACE1 and presenilin 2) and are accompanied by elevated Aβ peptide levels. The in vivo importance of the JIP3-dependent regulation of axonal lysosomes was revealed by the worsening of the amyloid plaque pathology arising from JIP3 haploinsufficiency in a mouse model of AD. These results establish the critical role of JIP3-dependent axonal lysosome transport in regulating amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing and support a model wherein Aβ production is amplified by plaque-induced axonal lysosome transport defects.
Abstract 16906: Effectiveness of Tracking and Reporting Patient Radiation Exposure

Introduction: Despite the life-saving benefits of fluoroscopic cardiovascular imaging, there is extensive scientific evidence that cumulative radiation exposure from these procedures may raise individuals’ lifetime risk of developing cancer or other health problems. Here we describe and evaluate a radiation exposure (RE) reduction project developed and implemented at Intermountain Healthcare catheterization laboratories (cath lab). Hypothesis: Measuring and reporting RE at the provider and cath lab level for different cardiovascular imaging procedures such as catheter ablations has the potential to help clinicians manage and reduce cumulative RE. Methods: In 2011, Intermountain compiled RE, based upon calculating the effective dose (ED) in milliSieverts (mSv) from the measured dose area product (DAP) for electrophysiology studies (EPS) and catheter ablations performed at two Intermountain hospitals. RE variability at the provider and the cath lab level suggested we had an opportunity for improvement. A web-based application was developed for the collection of RE data. Cath lab and provider level RE reports were periodically reviewed during quality improvement meetings. EPS and catheter ablation RE data was combined and a before and after (Sep 2015 – Mar 2016) comparison was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of measuring and reporting RE data. Results: The baseline average RE among all 1072 EPS and catheter ablation cases at hospital A was 4.6 mSv while the baseline average RE at hospital B was 38.9 msv (n=897). Average RE after periodic review of radiation reports was 2.1 mSv for hospital A (n=310; p Conclusion: Collection, monitoring and reporting of radiation exposure data is an important component of patient safety and has the potential to reduce radiation exposure of fluoroscopic cardiovascular imaging procedures.
All That Is Solid Turns into Steam: Sublimation and Sympathy in George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss

Deborah Shapple Spillman, “All That Is Solid Turns into Steam: Sublimation and Sympathy in George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss ” (pp. 338–373) This essay argues that steam and its gaseous properties in George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss (1861) represent capital’s increasing abstraction in the nineteenth century that threatened to disrupt economic and affective relations between people, property, and places associated with the past while nevertheless introducing new modes of circulation and more diffusive opportunities for sympathetic connection. The novel’s return to an earlier stage in the development of capital places the 1830s of the story in dialogue with the 1860s of its narration, while inviting readers to compare the values of this earlier period to those of their own. Considering this comparative structure in relation to nineteenth-century ethnography and its interlocutors—including Auguste Comte, Ludwig Feuerbach, and Karl Marx—I read Edward Tulliver’s primitive materialism and the Dodson sisters’ fetishism as both humorous reactions and more earnest forms of resistance to this increasing abstraction. Eliot ultimately turns toward the figurative possibilities of sublimation as a way to bridge the concrete and the abstract, the particular and the general, will and affect, self and other. Sublimation—not liquidation—therefore serves as the more apt metaphor for sympathy in the novel.
American decline and world disorder

The latent and actual power that the United States has enjoyed in the international states system since Woodrow Wilson while exceptional, does not confer upon it, of course, immunity to the historical process of decline that befalls the major powers in world history. The adverse impact of the Great Recession of 2008 and the twin quagmires of Iraq and Afghanistan, coupled with the impressive rise of China, have sparked a renewed debate in recent years about American decline. This essay contributes to this debate.
Paying for financial expertise: privatization policies and shifting state responsibilities in the school facilities industry

AbstractIn an era of expanding global educational privatization and shifting policies on how to fund educational facilities in many states in the US, this study engages the lenses of critical policy analysis and fiscal sociology to examine educational privatization in the school facilities industry in California. Employing critical policy document analysis to examine approximately 40 primary and secondary source documents including propositions, bills, government and education codes, facilities reports, and state public debt data, this paper addresses the following research question: How have education finance policies shaped the system of school district facilities financing over time, specifically with regard to the field of private actors involved in the school facilities industry? This paper examines the historical policy context for privatization in school district facilities financing, evaluating how policies have evolved, been implemented, and affected stakeholders over time in the broader neoliber...
Process dynamics and control of API manufacturing and purification processes

Abstract The pharmaceutical industries have started transitioning toward continuous mode of manufacturing recently. Due to many advantages of the continuous manufacturing over the traditional alternatives, the industries are putting huge effort to efficiently adapt the continuous processing mode. However, even now, the drug product (tablet) manufacturing is separate from the drug substance (active ingredient) manufacturing and no direct connection exists between the two. The physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystals (e.g., crystal size, shape, etc.) affect the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the final solid dosage forms (tablets). In this work a continuous integrated flowsheet model (mathematical representation for in silico simulation) has been developed, which integrates the API purification, separation with a downstream tablet manufacturing unit operation (powder mixing). This flowsheet can be used to study the effect of upstream API properties on the downstream product attributes. The flowsheet model consists of crystallization, filtration (API separation), drying (API purification) followed by a powder-blending operation (to obtain the final formulation). Each unit operation has been developed from first principles and connected in a continuous framework such that the output of one unit operation becomes the input of the next unit operation. These integrated unit operations are highly interactive along with the presence of process delays. A hybrid model predictive control-proportional integral derivative control system has been designed and presented for the continuous flowsheet model as well.
Preoperative Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Streptozocin for the Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases

While preoperative chemotherapy is frequently utilized before resection of non-neuroendocrine liver metastases, patients with resectable neuroendocrine liver metastases typically undergo surgery first. FAS is a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen that is associated with substantial response rates in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. All patients who underwent R0/R1 resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases at a single institution between 1998 and 2015 were included. The outcomes of patients treated with preoperative FAS were compared with those of patients who were not. Of the 67 patients included, 27 (40.3%) received preoperative FAS, whereas 40 (59.7%) did not. Despite being associated with higher rates of synchronous disease, lymph node metastases, and larger tumor size, patients who received preoperative FAS had similar overall survival [overall survival (OS), 108.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 78.0–136.0) vs. 107.0 months (95% CI 78.0–136.0), p = 0.64] and recurrence-free survival [RFS, 25.1 months (95% CI 23.2–27.0) vs. 18.0 months (95% CI 13.8–22.2), p = 0.16] as patients who did not. Among patients who presented with synchronous liver metastases (n = 46), the median OS [97.3 months (95% CI 65.9–128.6) vs. 65.0 months (95% CI 28.1–101.9), p = 0.001] and RFS [24.8 months (95% CI 22.6–26.9) vs. 12.1 months (2.2–22.0), p = 0.003] were significantly greater among patients who received preoperative FAS compared with those who did not. The use of FAS before liver resection is associated with improved OS compared with surgery alone among patients with advanced synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases.
Clinical outcomes of atherectomy prior to percutaneous coronary intervention: A comparison of outcomes following rotational versus orbital atherectomy (COAP-PCI study).

Background Because of the challenges in treating calcified coronary artery disease (CAD), lesion preparation has become increasingly important prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite growing data for both rotational atherectomy (RA) and orbital atherectomy (OA), there have been no multicenter studies comparing the safety and efficacy of both. We sought to examine the clinical outcomes of patients with calcified CAD who underwent atherectomy. Methods A total of 39 870 patients from five tertiary care hospitals who had PCI from January 2011 to January 2017 were identified. 907 patients who had RA or OA were included. This multicenter, prospectively collected observational analysis compared OA and RA. The primary end-point was myocardial infarction and safety outcomes including significant dissection, perforation, cardiac tamponade, and vascular complications. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to reduce selection bias. Results After matching, 546 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint, myocardial infarction occurred less frequently with OA compared to RA (6.7% vs 13.8%, P ≤ 0.01) in propensity score matched cohorts. Procedural safety outcomes were comparable between the groups. The secondary outcome of death on discharge occurred less in the OA group as compared with RA (0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.01). Fluoroscopy time was less in patients who were treated with OA (21.9 vs 25.6 min, P ≤ 0.01). Additional secondary outcomes were comparable between groups. Conclusion In this non-randomized, multicenter comparison of contemporary atherectomy devices, OA was associated with significantly decreased in-hospital myocardial infarction and mortality after propensity score matching with decreased fluoroscopy time.
How Do Students of Diverse Achievement Levels Benefit from Peer Assessment

Abstract Although the potential of peer assessment activities in promoting student learning and fostering student cognitive development has been widely studied and well documented across the world, it is unclear how peer assessment may benefit students of diverse achievement levels. This study examined this issue via a mixed methodology approach that combined students’ project scores and survey responses with a qualitative interview technique. Findings of this study suggested that peer assessment activities employed in this study had a differentiated impact on students’ learning and perceptions. Students in early learning development stages showed more learning gains than high achieving students in terms of point increase in their grades. Nevertheless, students across diverse achievement levels generally held positive attitudes towards their peer assessment experience. Key Words : peer assessment; collaborative learning; formative assessment; peer interaction Background Peer assessment is the process of students evaluating the work of peers using applicable marking criteria (Falchikov, 2001). Peer assessment activities can be categorized as either formative or summative. Formative peer assessment aims to cultivate student learning and usually involves students in reviewing peers’ work, with the purpose of assisting peers in further developing their projects. In such a process, students play both roles of assessors (rating and commenting upon peers’ work) and assessees (viewing and acting upon feedback). On the other hand, summative peer assessment emphasizes accountability. In summative peer assessment, students play only the assessor’s role by judging the quality of peers’ work and assigning quantitative marks or grades (Topping, Smith, Swanson & Elliot, 2000; Xiao & Lucking, 2008). Peer assessment, both formative and summative, may foster student cognitive development and active learning in various ways. Multiple potential benefits have been reported from previous studies: enhanced learning outcomes (e.g., Li & Steckelberg, 2005; Pope, 2001), deeper understanding of quality performance (Falchikov, 1995; Dochy, Segers, & Sluijsmans, 1999; Partri, 2002), increased sense of autonomy and motivation (Brown, 2004; Hiltz & Wellman, 1997; Pope, 2001), adequate and timely feedback (Gibbs, 1999), and enhanced sense of responsibility (Somervell, 1993). Cheng and Warren (1999) further portray peer assessment strategies as a reflection on “what learning has taken place and how” (p. 301). Topping (1998), based on an extensive review of 109 peer assessment studies conducted across the world, summarizes that the peer assessment process benefits both assessors and assessees in multiple ways, such as increased time on task, focused attention on critical elements of quality work, and greater sense of accountability and responsibility. Furthermore, he posits that these cognitive gains “might accrue before,
Ethical Aspects of Evaluating a Patient's Mental Capacity.

When a patient’s mental capacity to make decisions is open to question, the physician often calls in a psychiatrist to help make the determination. The psychiatrist’s conclusions may be taken to a court to determine the patient’s legal competency. In this article, the author presents several clinical criteria psychiatrists may use when determining patients’ mental capacities. The author discusses two critical ethical questions psychiatrists should consider when they use this criteria: (1) whether they should use a fixed or sliding standard and (2) if they adopt a sliding standard, what clinical factors should be given the greatest weight. The author also discusses whether psychiatrists should take initiative to obtain a second opinion from another psychiatrist or mental health professional. Finally, the author discusses research regarding patients who are likely to have more impaired capacity for performing executive functions, patients requesting surgical procedures that are ethically without precedent, and patients possibly having inner awareness under conditions that previously were not considered possible.
Water worries in Jordan and Israel: What may the future hold?

Rapid population growth, combined with inefficient and uncoordinated water utilisation and extraction practices are likely to exasperate the already keen water worries of the arid nations of the Middle East. This paper will discuss the water demands and practices of Israel and Jordan, two countries heavily dependent on the Jordan River Basin, which suffer from acute water shortages. The paper will also review the Treaty of Peace signed between the parties in 1994 that included a major settlement on the parties' historical water dispute and facilitated a cooperative framework for future water use and utilisation. Finally the paper will draw on future strategies and reflect on plans already in place by both states to attempt to alleviate their respective water worries.
The pathogenesis of poliomyelitis: what we don't know

Poliomyelitis has long served as a model for studies of viral pathogenesis, but there remain many important gaps in our understanding of this disease. It is the intent of this review to highlight these residual but important questions, in light of a possible future moratorium on research with polioviruses. Salient questions include: (1) What cells in the gastrointestinal tract are initially infected and act as the source of excreted virus? (2) What is the receptor used by mouse-adapted strains of poliovirus and how can some polioviruses use both mouse and primate receptors? (3) What determines species differences in susceptibility of the gastrointestinal tract to polioviruses? Why cannot PVR transgenic mice be infected by the natural enteric route? (4) Why are neuroadapted polioviruses unable to infect nonneural cells? (5) What is the role of postentry blocks in replication as determinants of neurovirulence? (6) What route(s) does poliovirus take to enter the central nervous system and how does it cross the blood-brain barrier? (7) Why does poliovirus preferentially attack lower motor neurons in contrast to many other neuronal types within the central nervous system? (8) Does cellular immunity play any role in recovery from acute infection or in vaccine-induced protection? (9) In which cells does poliovirus persist in patients with gamma-globulin deficiencies? (10) Is there any evidence that poliovirus genomes can persist in immunocompetent hosts? (11) Why has type 2 poliovirus been eradicated while types 1 and 3 have not? (12) Can transmission of vaccine-derived polioviruses be prevented with inactivated poliovirus vaccine? (13) What is the best strategy to control and eliminate vaccine-derived polioviruses?
Party Polarization and Party Structuring of Policy Attitudes: A Comparison of Three NES Panel Studies

The conventional wisdom in the partisan change literature predicts that increasing party conflict on one issue agenda leads to a decline in party conflict on another agenda—a process called “conflict displacement.” We have argued that recent party politics in the United States has experienced “conflict extension,” with the Democratic and Republican parties in the electorate growing more polarized on cultural, racial, and social welfare issues, rather than conflict displacement. Here, we suggest that the failure of the literature to account for conflict extension results from incomplete assumptions about individual-level partisan change. The partisan change literature typically considers only issue-based change in party identification, which necessarily leads to the aggregate prediction of conflict displacement. This ignores the possibility of party-based change in issue attitudes. If party-based issue conversion does occur, the aggregate result can be conflict extension rather than conflict displacement. Our analysis uses data from the three-wave panel studies conducted by the National Election Studies in 1956, 1958, and 1960; in 1972, 1974, and 1976; and in 1992, 1994, and 1996 to assess our alternative account of individual-level partisan change. We show that when Democratic and Republican elites are polarized on an issue, and party identifiers are aware of those differences, some individuals respond by adjusting their party ties to conform to their issue positions, but others respond by adjusting their issue positions to conform to their party identification.
High-resolution ultrasound of the fascia lata iliac crest attachment: anatomy, pathology, and image-guided treatment.

Pathology of the fascia lata attachment at the iliac crest (FLAIC) is an under-recognized and often misdiagnosed cause of lateral hip pain. The fascia lata has a broad attachment at the lateral iliac crest with contributions from the tensor fascia lata muscle, the iliotibial band, and the gluteal aponeurosis. The FLAIC is susceptible to overuse injuries, acute traumatic injuries, and degeneration. There is a paucity of literature regarding imaging and image-guided treatment of the FLAIC. We review anatomy and pathology of the FLAIC, presenting novel high-resolution (18–24 MHz) ultrasound images including ultrasound guidance for targeted therapeutic treatment.
What are they Researching? Examining Industry-Based Doctoral Dissertation Research through the Lens of Machine Learning

This paper examines industry-based doctoral dissertation research in a professional computing doctoral program for full time working professionals through the lens of different machine learning algorithms to understand topics explored by full time working industry professionals. This research paper examines machine learning algorithms and the IBM Watson Discovery machine learning tool to categorize dissertation research topics defended at Pace University. The research provides insights into differences in machine learning algorithm categorization using natural language processing.
Topology optimization of fixed complete denture framework

The functionality of a denture is directly related to the quality of life of the edentulous patients because treatment failure results in demoralizing consequences including difficulties in oral activities. Framework for fixed complete dentures plays a crucial role by transferring loads from the denture to the implants, which are integrated into the remaining bones and gingiva, thereby providing stability to the denture. Current techniques utilize 3D scan data of the implant site to capture the locations and soft tissue contours to design customized framework using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology to properly support the denture teeth in their position. The performance and efficiency of these frameworks may be enhanced by incorporating a design optimization in the design process. We tested the feasibility of using the topology optimization to design patient-specific dental frameworks. The shapes of the optimized frameworks may be significantly different from the traditional designs, but better structural integrity is likely to be achieved with potentially less material. The numerical study reveals that commercially available dental framework would experience 16% less maximum stress when topology optimized even with a compliance minimization formulation with 50% volume fraction constraint. Topology optimization for designing dental frameworks might improve current clinical methods and provide better long-term patient satisfaction.
An overview of development and challenges in hydrogen powered vehicles

Hydrogen has the potential to be the sustainable fuel of the future, decrease the global dependence on fossil fuel resources, and lower the pollutant emissions from the transportation industry. In ...
HIV-1 Nef dimers short-circuit immune receptor signaling by activating Tec-family kinases at the host cell membrane.

The HIV-1 virulence factor Nef promotes high-titer viral replication, immune escape, and pathogenicity. Nef interacts with interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase (Itk) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), two Tec-family kinases expressed in HIV-1 target cells (CD4 T cells and macrophages, respectively). Using a cell-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, here we demonstrate that Nef recruits both Itk and Btk to the cell membrane and induces constitutive kinase activation in transfected 293T cells. Nef homodimerization-defective mutants retained their interaction with both kinases but failed to induce activation, supporting a role for Nef homodimer formation in the activation mechanism. HIV-1 infection up-regulates endogenous Itk activity in SupT1 T cells and donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, HIV-1 strains expressing Nef variants with mutations in the dimerization interface replicated poorly and were significantly attenuated in Itk activation. We conclude that direct activation of Itk and Btk by Nef at the membrane in HIV-infected cells may override normal immune receptor control of Tec-family kinase activity to enhance the viral life cycle.
Clinical Utility of Carnett and closed eye sign in emergency department.

Abstract Background Carnett's sign (CAR) and Closed Eye sign (CE) have been suggested for use in the emergency department setting in the management of abdominal pain. The present study sought to determine the sensitivity/specificity of CAR and CE for pathological CT findings as a primary outcome and for subsequent hospital admission or surgical intervention as secondary outcomes in a community emergency department setting. Methods A convenience sample of adults (≥18 y) presenting with acute ( Results 320 patients were enrolled. 245/320 (76.5%) of enrolled patients had findings on CT Imaging. CAR+ was recorded in 145 and CAR− in 175 patients. CE+ was in 187 and CAR− in 133 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of CAR- for hospital admission was 42.2% and 38.9% and for surgery-44.8% and 43.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of CE− for hospital admission was 28% and 51.6% and for surgery-25.9% and 55%. CAR+ patients were more likely to be admitted or undergo surgery as compared to CAR−. CE+ patients were more likely to be admitted or undergo surgery as compared to CAR−. There were no differences in frequency of pathological CT findings between CAR+ and CAR- or CE+ and CE− patients. Conclusion CAR and CE are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific for use in the emergency department setting. CT findings were equally likely in CAR+ and CAR− patients. CT Findings were also equally likely in CE+ and CE− patients.
Estimating the trajectories of vine cordons in full foliage canopies for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards

Abstract Green shoot thinning in vineyards is carried out annually aiming to produce high-quality grapes. Recently, mechanical machines are used for green shoot thinning to reduce labor costs which causes 10–85% variation in shoot removal efficiencies due to the difficulty in precisely positioning the thinning end-effector to cordon trajectories. Automatically controlling the position and orientation of thinning end-effector to follow the cordon trajectories is expected to increase the performance and efficiency of these machines. However, during most of the green shoot thinning season (between first week of bud opening to the fourth week of shoot growth), cordons are occluded by shoots/leaves making it extremely challenging to determine the trajectories of cordons. In this study, we presented a deep learning based novel approach to estimate the trajectories of cordons during the thinning season in real field conditions. First, deep residual network (ResNet) and Faster region-based convolutional neural network was used to detect visible segments of full foliage grapevine canopies. Then, location information of detected visible segments were used to estimate the trajectories of cordons. This approach was evaluated using ground truth images collected from different growth stages of green shoots in real vineyard environment. The proposed approach achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.993, 0.991, and 0.987 in estimating cordon trajectories with the test dataset from weeks 2 to 4, respectively, of shoot growth.
Bridging the Science-to-Service Gap: Service Learning in Graduate-Level Psychology Education.

Introduction:The discrepancy between what is known from clinical research and what is done in applied clinical practice is called the “science-to-service gap.” Teaching students to bridge this gap ...
Understanding American premium chocolate consumer perception of craft chocolate and desirable product attributes using focus groups and projective mapping

Craft chocolate is a relatively new and fast-growing segment of the American chocolate market. To understand American premium chocolate consumer perception of craft chocolate and desirable chocolate product attributes, we conducted a mixed-methods study using focus groups and projective mapping. Projective mapping revealed that participants segmented products in terms of quality based upon usage occasion rather than cost or other factors. We found that American premium chocolate consumers use search attributes such as segmentation, price, availability, and packaging as quality determinants. Additionally, they desire credence attributes that convey trust through, for example, the presence or absence of sustainability certifications, or a semblance of meaning. Premium chocolate consumers seek out experience attributes such as utility and/or joy, which are achieved by purchasing a chocolate product as a gift, for its nostalgic purposes, or for desired post-ingestive effects. We propose a Desirable Chocolate Attribute Concept Map to explain our findings.
Caputo \(\psi \)-Fractional Ostrowski Inequalities

Very general univariate mixed Caputo \(\psi \)-fractional Ostrowski type inequalities are presented. Estimates are with respect to \(\left\| \cdot \right\| _{p}\), \(1\le p\le \infty \). We give also applications. This chapter relies on [4].
Asymptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation repair: Validating guidelines for early intervention.

Abstract Introduction Mitral repair for asymptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I) degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) is supported by the guidelines, but is not performed often. We sought to determine outcomes for asymptomatic patients when compared with those with symptoms. Methods Between 2004 and 2018, 1027 patients underwent mitral replacement (22) or repair with or without other cardiac surgery (1005), the latter being grouped by NYHA class: I (n = 470; 47%), II (n = 408; 40%), or III/IV (n = 127; 13%). Statistical analyses included propensity score matching and weighting, and multistate models. Results The proportion of patients designated as NYHA class I undergoing surgery increased steadily during this period (P Conclusions Mitral repair in asymptomatic patients is safe and durable. Careful monitoring until class II symptoms is appropriate. However, repair before ejection fraction decreases below 60% is important for late overall survival.
Investigation of a Mitochondrial to Nuclear Signaling Pathway Induced by Onc201.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Onc201 is a novel therapeutic in clinical trials that displays widespread anti-cancer activity and also has been shown to act as a radiosensitizer. Previously, we showed that Onc201 and its derivatives activate a mitochondrial protease, ClpP, resulting in mitochondrial protein degradation, induction of ATF4/CHOP and cytostatic activity in a breast cancer cell line. However, how activation of ClpP, a mitochondrial protease, signals to the nucleus has not been established. We show here that Onc201 induces GDF15, a mitochondrial stress cytokine, and further delineate the upstream signaling pathways. The aim of these studies is to better understand mechanisms of mitochondrial to nuclear signaling to allow for more effective anti-cancer strategies to be developed. MATERIALS/METHODS To monitor mitochondrial to nuclear signaling, Sum159, a breast cancer cell line, was treated with Onc201 or its derivatives, and monitored for ATF4 or GDF15 protein expression by Western blotting. Delineation of the signaling pathways involved was achieved using siRNA directed against various targets or by use of specific kinase inhibitors. RESULTS Treatment of Sum159 cells with Onc201 resulted in the induction of GDF15 and ATF4 protein as early as ∼17 hours after treatment. Using siRNA knockdowns, we found that GDF15 induction is dependent upon ClpP, ATF4, and CHOP. However, knockdown of GCN2 or HRI, which are eiF2a kinases known to regulate ATF4, had no effect on GDF15, nor did siRNA against IRE1a. Because we found that Onc201 induced Erk, Akt and AMPK activity, we targeted these pathways with specific kinase inhibitors; however, none of these pathways were required for GDF15 induction. These results suggest that other pathways may be involved in the induction of ATF4 and GDF15 and these are currently under investigation. CONCLUSION We and others have shown that Onc201 and related molecules, activate ClpP, a mitochondrial protease resulting in rapid mitochondrial protein degradation, loss of mitochondrial function, and cytostasis or apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. Importantly, Onc201 shows very low toxicity to normal cell lines and is well tolerated in patients. However, additional stratagems need to be explored to improve the efficacy of Onc201. To this end, we sought to understand how mitochondrial to nuclear signaling occurs as a way to target this pathway. These results establish that ATF4/CHOP signaling is induced and this subsequently signals to induce GDF15. However, it still remains unclear how ATF4/CHOP expression is induced and this area is currently being investigated.
Navigating the “Glimmer of Hope”: Challenges and Resilience among U.S. Older Adults in Seeking COVID-19 Vaccination

During the early distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S., older adults aged 65 and above were prioritized in states such as Florida. The distribution primarily relied upon online systems of appointment reservations. This paper investigates the sociotechnical challenges faced by older adults in the U.S., who tend to have relatively low digital literacy, while attempting to seek and secure COVID-19 vaccine appointments. The challenges included issues with the fragmentation of appointment systems, lack of transparency in vaccination information, and technical challenges in navigating online systems. This paper discusses the emotional burdens experienced by older adults in this process, and unpacks the ways in which older adults have navigated through these challenges and their resilient strategies for seeking appointments. This paper identifies opportunities for future CSCW work in investigating citizens’ infrastructuring work (especially the informal work carried out by vulnerable groups) in the wake of disrupted vaccination infrastructure and neoliberal governance.
Is bosco's rule universal?

The Game of Life (Life) is a two-state, two-dimensional, nearest neighbor cellular automaton (CA), which John Horton Conway proved is universal. The Larger than Life (LtL) family of CAs generalizes Life to large neighborhoods and general birth and survival thresholds. A specific threshold-range scaling of Life to LtL yields Bosco's rule, which is a range 5 CA with dynamics similar to Life. In the 1990s Conway challenged us to prove that rules such as Bosco's are, like Life, universal. Here we show that Bosco's rule supports patterns such as those used in the proof that Life is universal. Specifically, we build a sliding block memory, similar to the auxiliary storage device Conway described and claimed could be built. Our construction is based on Life's sliding block memory designed and built by Dean Hickerson in 1990. In a companion paper we explore various questions which have arisen since Conway posed his challenge, including whether the details given in his proof that Life is universal are sufficient and what necessary and sufficient conditions are required to prove that Bosco's rule, or any two-dimensional CA, is universal.