cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Host Tissues and Metabolic Products as Ultraviolet Screens for the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus

The addition of tissue extracts from first to fourth stage Lymantria dispar (L.) larvae resulted in a 2-fold increase in virus-caused mortality, after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The addition of extracts from fifth-stage male or fifth- and sixth-stage female larvae had little effect upon virus stability. Both male and female prepupal extracts acted as UV screens. Male and female pupal extracts had some protective activity, but were not as effective as those from prepupae. The addition of adult female extract was ineffective, while the adult male extract was the most effective UV screen. The addition of fecal filtrates enhanced viral stability to radiation and the effect was concentration dependent. For example, a 1% filtrate enhanced stability by a factor of 1.23, and a 5% filtrate by a factor of 2.45. The addition of a 20% filtrate enhanced persistence by a factor of 3.66 (=70% viruscaused larval mortality). Various compounds involved in purine catabolism were examined as UV screens. At a 1% concentration, hypoxanthine, urea, and xanthine were ineffective, while allantoin and uric acid had some activity. Adenine and guanine were effective protectants of the virus. In a subsequent test, uric acid was effective at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10%. The addition of 10% uric acid to the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) enhanced viral stability by 3.58-fold (=ca. 81% NPV-caused mortality).
Deception in Psychological Research: A Continuing Problem

Commentaires sur les recherches utilisant un feedback induisant les sujets en erreur a partir de l'analyse de 420 articles parus entre 1973 et 1976 dans le «Journal of Personnality and Social Psychology»
Terminal differentiation induction in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 3852 Induction of cellular differentiation has been proposed as a unique modality for prostate cancer treatment. However, it is unclear whether or not terminal differentiation, resulting in irreversible growth arrest, can be produced in prostate cancer cells. In this study, the effect of androgen exposure on terminal differentiation in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line was examined. A 4-day exposure of LNCaP cells to 1 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881 resulted in a G0/G1 growth arrest with no decrease in cell viability compared to untreated control LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells growth arrested by androgen exposure showed a 3.6-fold increase in cell volume, a 1.2-fold increase in intracellular calcium levels, and a significant change in cellular reduction/oxidation status (i.e., a 52% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio), consistent with the development of a more differentiated phenotype. In addition, androgen exposed LNCaP cells showed a 2.2-fold increase in cytokeratin 18 protein expression, a marker of differentiated prostate secretory cells. An increase in the secretory activity of R1881 treated LNCaP cells was observed by a 7.1-fold increase in prostate specific antigen release. Also, an increase in intracellular granularity after androgen exposure in LNCaP cells, as determined by flow cytometric side light scatter analysis, was suggestive of increased secretory granules. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a population of highly granular LNCaP cells was selectively collected and maintained in complete growth medium for 7 days without the addition of androgen. Compared to untreated control LNCaP cells and cells with low intracellular granularity, highly granular cells continued to release high levels of prostate specific antigen and were terminally growth arrested. These data suggest that prostate cancer cells can be induced to terminally differentiate, which may serve as a useful endpoint in identifying novel agents for prostate cancer treatment.
Analysis on Circuit Breaker Transient Recovery Voltage UHV AC Transmission Lines Fixed with Series Capacitors

When series capacitors(SC) are adopted on ultra-high voltage(UHV) lines,the residual voltage of the capacitors may cause changes in the transient recovery voltage(TRV) characteristics of circuit breakers(CB) during line fault clearing.Therefore,by using an EMTP simulation tool,we investigated the characteristics and influential factors of UHV line circuit breakers' TRV for several UHV series compensation projects in China.Also,we analyzed the effect of various countermeasures against TRV.Results show that,without countermeasures,the specific peak value of TRV during clearing single phase to ground fault in some UHV series compensated lines may exceed 2.7(1 per unit value equals(1 100×2/3)kV),which can not be covered by present standards.Moreover,for TRV caused by clearing multi-phase fault,the issue can be much severer that may even result in a failure of clearing system fault and damage of circuit breakers.The investigation of different TRV countermeasures indicates that,fast bypass series capacitors can reduce the TRV peak value of line CBs during system faults to some extent and it is relatively easy to accomplish.Other countermeasures,for instance,degrading series compensation degree,can all help to suppress TRV while having some limitations and deficiencies.Increasing the withstand capability and test parameters for TRV of UHV circuit breakers is another effective restriction measure for TRV to be further researched.
Design on Helical Gear Hobbing Machining Simulation System Based NX

To establish the link between geometric simulation and physical simulation model for gear hobbing,simulation approach of the hobbing process for the manufacturing of helical gears based on NX secondary development was put forward. General structure of helical gear hobbing simulation system was developed; the kinematics equation for gear hobbing cutting process was established; the creation processes of workpiece geometric entity,swept geometric entity of the hob tooth and undeformed chip geometric entity were described; The confirmation of the validity and accuracy of the proposed method has been accomplished by comparison between the produced helical gear gap normal profile and theoretical ones.
When (ish) is My Bus?: User-centered Visualizations of Uncertainty in Everyday, Mobile Predictive Systems

Users often rely on realtime predictions in everyday contexts like riding the bus, but may not grasp that such predictions are subject to uncertainty. Existing uncertainty visualizations may not align with user needs or how they naturally reason about probability. We present a novel mobile interface design and visualization of uncertainty for transit predictions on mobile phones based on discrete outcomes. To develop it, we identified domain specific design requirements for visualizing uncertainty in transit prediction through: 1) a literature review, 2) a large survey of users of a popular realtime transit application, and 3) an iterative design process. We present several candidate visualizations of uncertainty for realtime transit predictions in a mobile context, and we propose a novel discrete representation of continuous outcomes designed for small screens, quantile dotplots. In a controlled experiment we find that quantile dotplots reduce the variance of probabilistic estimates by ~1.15 times compared to density plots and facilitate more confident estimation by end-users in the context of realtime transit prediction scenarios.
Restoring the patient's voice: the case of Gilda Radner.

Abstract In the past few years, the medical case report has been studied as a document that evidences the way the patient and, by extension, the experiential and subjective aspects of an illness tend to be marginalized in contemporary medical theory and practice. First-person narratives about illness, our popular "pathographies," may in part represent our attempt as a culture to respond to this problem of "the vanishing patient." A rich source of information about patient experience, pathographies can be useful to us in locating specific issues in the medical enterprise that need understanding and perhaps require correction. Gilda Radner's It's Always Something demonstrates how two important issues--both neglected in the conventional medical history--powerfully affect the medical enterprise: the hopes, expectations, and wishes of the experiencing patient, and the perceived attitudes and demeanor of the patient's physicians. The restoration of patient and physician to the "history" is important not only because it reminds us of the personal dimension of the medical enterprise, but also because it alerts us to problems of attitude and action that bear directly on diagnosis, course of treatment, and the therapeutic transaction.
Toxicity-Related Factors Associated With Use of Services Among Community Oncology Patients

Purpose:Community oncology practices frequently manage chemotherapy-associated toxicities, which may disrupt treatment, impair quality of life, and induce unplanned service use. We sought to understand the patterns and correlates of unplanned health care service use among patients receiving first-cycle chemotherapy at five community-based ambulatory oncology practices.Patients and Methods:A survey study examined the dichotomous outcome of unplanned service use, defined as oncologist visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations, resulting from toxicity-related factors. Newly diagnosed patients with breast, lung, head and neck, or colorectal cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma were recruited during the first chemotherapy cycle. Before beginning the second cycle of chemotherapy, patients completed a questionnaire that measured unplanned service use and overall distress, plus severity of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, mouth sores, intravenous catheter problems, pain, fever and chills, extre...
Cultural Diversity in Introductory Psychology Textbook Selection: The Case for Historically Black Colleges/Universities (HBCUs).

The present study describes a culturally relevant approach to introductory psychology textbook selection for students attending a historically Black college/university (HBCU). The following multist...
LAGOONS: A TREATMENT FOR MILKING CENTER WASTE

Operational data from six lagoons treating milking center (milkhouse and milking parlor) waste were collected in New York State during 1971–72. Few advantages occur from using settling basins or expensive out fall structures. Design criteria fail to recognize that individual site geography can appreciably vary a pond's winter snow load from those projected from regional averages. Individual farm management practices make the difference between success or failure of a milk waste system. Dairymen can capture the resources currently being misplaced from milking center effluents by seasonally applying them to crops and land.
Gene Expression Profiling of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL, NOS) and Comparison to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).

Background: WHO classifies NHL into B (~85%) and T (~15%) cell subtypes. Of the T-cell NHL, peripheral T-cell NHL (PTCL, NOS) comprises ~6–10% with an inferior response and survival to chemotherapy compared to DLBCL. Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) of DLBCL has provided molecular signatures that define 3 subclasses with distinct survival rates. The current study analyzed transcript profiling in PTCL (NOS) and compared and contrasted it to GEP of DLBCL. Methods : Snap frozen samples of 5 patients with PTCL (NOS) and 4 patients with DLBCL were analyzed utilizing the HG-U133A 2.0 Affymetrix array (~18,400 transcripts, 22,000 probe sets) after isolating and purifying total RNA (Qiagen, RNAeasy). The control RNA samples were isolated from normal peripheral blood (PB) B-cell (AllCell, CA), normal PB T-cell (AllCell, CA) and normal lymph node (LN). Immunohisto-chemistry (IHC) confirmed tumor lineage and quantitative real time RT-PCR was performed on selected genes to validate the microarray study. The GEP data were processed and analyzed utilizing Affymetrix MAS 5.0 and GeneSpring 5.0 software. Our data were analyzed in the light of the published GEP of DLBCL (lymphochip and affymtrix) and the validated 10 prognostic genes (by IHC and real time RT-PCR). Results : Data are represented as “robust” increases or decreases of relative gene expression common to all 5 PTCL or 4 DLBCL patients respectively. The table shows the 5 most over-expressed genes in PTCL or DLBCL compared to normal T-cell (NT), B-cell (NB) and lymph node (LN). Of the top 20 increases, 3 genes were common to PTCL and DLBCL when compared to normal T and B cells, while 11 were common when compared to normal LN. Comparison of genes common to normal B-cell and LN Vs DLBCL or PTCL and normal T-cell and LN Vs PTCL or DLBCL identified sets of genes that are commonly and differentially expressed in PTCL and/or DLBCL. The 4 DLBCL patients analyzed express 3 of 10 prognostic genes compared to normal B-cells and 7 of 10 prognostic genes compared to normal LN and fall into the non-germinal center subtype. Quantitative real time RT-PCR on 10 functionally distinct common over-expressed genes in the 5 PTCL (NOS) patients (Lumican, CCL18, CD14, CD54, CD106, CD163, α-PDGFR, HCK, ABCA1 and Tumor endothelial marker 6) validated the microarray data. Conclusions : GEP of PTCL (NOS) and DLBCL in combination with quantitative real time RT-PCR and IHC have identified a ‘molecular signature’ for PTCL and DLBCL based on a comparison to normal (B-cell, T-cell and LN) tissue. The categorization of the GEP based on the six hallmarks of cancer identifies a ‘tumor profile signature’ for PTCL and DLBCL and a number of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
A Case for Reversing Language Shift on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua

I examine the work being done by the Linguistic Research and Revitalization Institute (IPILC) at the University of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua (URACCAN) and the dilemmas faced in claiming and implementing the linguistic rights that were granted under the 1987 Law of Autonomy for the Caribbean Coast Regions. The problems I discuss in this case are not unique to Nicaragua’s Creoles, nor to Black diaspora cultures, they are merely part of larger issues which affect all minoritized groups who seek to assert the legitimacy of their languages and cultures within hegemonic discourses around cultural difference.
Perspectives prometteuses pour la formation en épidémiologie de terrain en Europe

La publication d’une serie d’articles sur differents programmes de formation en epidemiologie de terrain coincide avec le 50eme anniversaire du Service d’Investigation Epidemique (Epidemic Intelligence Service, EIS) des Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). S’il etait encore en vie, Alex Langmuir, son fondateur, se rejouirait certainement de constater la multiplication et le succes de ces formations en Europe. En Amerique Latine, en Asie et en Afrique egalement, on assiste au bourgeonnement de programmes similaires, visant a doter les professionnels de sante publique des competences pratiques necessaires a une investigation epidemiologique rapide et pertinente dans le monde " reel ". Certains sont en cours de developpement et sont proposes par des etablissements universitaires locaux, d’autres impliquent un partenariat formel avec le CDC, d’autres encore resultent des efforts isoles d’agences locales de sante publique.
Pla2g1b Places Worms in Peril

The determinants of helminth resistance are not well understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Entwistle et al. (2017) provide intriguing evidence that a phospholipase A2 (Pla2gb1) produced by epithelial cells can impair larval development in helminths, providing a novel mechanism contributing to intestinal nematode resistance.
FaCT: A Flexible, Constant-Time Programming Language

We argue that C is unsuitable for writing timingchannel free cryptographic code that is both fast and readable. Readable implementations of crypto routines would contain highlevel constructs like if statements, constructs that also introduce timing vulnerabilities. To avoid vulnerabilities, programmers must rewrite their code to dodge intuitive yet dangerous constructs, cluttering the codebase and potentially introducing new errors. Moreover, even when programmers are diligent, compiler optimization passes may still introduce branches and other sources of timing side channels. This status quo is the worst of both worlds: tortured source code that can still yield vulnerable machine code. We propose to solve this problem with a domainspecific language that permits programmers to intuitively express crypto routines and reason about secret values, and a compiler that generates efficient, timing-channel free assembly code.
Variation in Efficiency with Respect to Change in Band Gap and Thickness in Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cells with AFORS-HET

Simulation of an amorphous silicon heterojunction thin film solar cell is performed. It is designed as a-SiC/a-Si(i)/a-Si:H/ and a-SiC/a-Si(i)/a-SiGe:H for optimizing of device parameters and increasing the efficiency.
A phenomenological elevated temperature friction model for viscoelastic polymer coatings based on nanoindentation

Abstract We propose a phenomenological elevated temperature (up to 260 °C) friction model for viscoelastic polymer coatings based on high temperature nanoindentation. Two advanced polymeric coatings were selected for this study, namely Aromatic Thermosetting Polyester (ATSP) and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). High temperature up to 260 °C nanoindentation experiments were conducted at the same temperatures as macro-scale ball-on-disk tribological experiments at different temperatures. Hardness was directly measured from the indentation experiments and viscosity/relaxation and elastic modulus were obtained by curve fitting of the nanoindentation's unloading curve using a quadratic Maxwell model. The two coatings showed decreasing hardness, elastic modulus and viscosity/relaxation trends, with increasing temperature. The ATSP coating exhibited higher indentation recovery rate and higher hardness, and thus better wear resistance.
Three Important Lessons From Research About Sexual and Reproductive Health

The author presents an introduction to the special issue on teenage sexual health and unplanned pregnancy. He mentions the research presented on programs that attempt to lower unplanned teenage pregnancies, the need for more programs, and the need to reach a greater service population.
Rickets and Osteomalacia Review

Bone growth and mineralization require adequate amounts of calcium and phosphate from childhood throughout adolescence. When deficiencies of these occur, long bone thinning can lead to the characteristic bowing of rickets and fractures of osteomalacia. Identification of the cause of the deficiency can be genetic or nutritional. Timely management can prevent complications that could lead to motor developmental delay or orthopedic intervention of skeletal deformities.
Foundations of Financial Economics

Financial economic theory was founded on several major theoretical breakthroughs in economic theory and has evolved into the tool that governs every financial market worldwide today. It is a unique example of how abstract mathematical theory can explain and extend real applications. Phenomenologically, financial economic theory has become the common language used by all participants in financial markets. Moreover, it provides a solid framework for the study and the development of financial markets and its products.
Ames T-3 fire test facility - Aircraft crash fire simulation

There is a need to characterize the thermal response of materials exposed to aircraft fuel fires. Large scale open fire tests are costly and pollute the local environment. This paper describes the construction and operation of a subscale fire test that simulates the heat flux levels and thermochemistry of typical open pool fires. It has been termed the Ames T-3 Test and has been used extensively by NASA since 1969 to observe the behavior of materials exposed to JP-4 fuel fires.
Surgical Considerations in Anastomotic Dehiscence

The dehiscence of an intestinal anastomosis followed by a leak of enteric content into the peritoneal cavity is one of the most serious complications encountered by patients and surgeons alike after a colonic or rectal resection. Improved imaging and the potential use of endoanal vacuum-assisted drainage in low rectal anastomotic dehiscence has changed the “natural history” of some anastomotic leaks. The risk profile of these patients also has changed, with increasing use of low restorative resections, a changing incidence of proximal diversion, and a higher utilization of neoadjuvant therapies. This chapter outlines the risk factors for and management principles of anastomotic leakage.
Differential Relationships with Applications to Robot Inverse Joint Solution and Motion Correction

The general concept of differential relationships is introduced. PUMA 560/600 robot was chosen for study from which the inverse joint solution is presented and the joint variables due to small change in pose (position and orientation) are solved by directly differentiating the inverse joint solution in order to avoid the complexity and difficulty of inverting a Jacobian matrix. In this paper, it is to investigate what change can be considered as differential change in terms of desired accuracy. By specifying a small positional change at a robot end-effector, the overall positional error and the error of each joint movement resulting from the use of differential concept are presented. An algorithm for motion correction during insertion is developed and the differential concept is employed to this algorithm.
Social Dominance Modulates Stress-induced Neural Activity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Projections to the Basolateral Amygdala.

Stress is a contributing factor in the etiology of several mood and anxiety disorders, and social defeat models are used to investigate the biological basis of stress-related psychopathologies. Male Syrian hamsters are highly aggressive and territorial, but after social defeat they exhibit a conditioned defeat (CD) response which is characterized by increased submissive behavior and a failure to defend their home territory against a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. Hamsters with dominant social status show increased c-Fos expression in the infralimbic (IL) cortex following social defeat and display a reduced CD response at testing compared to subordinates and controls. In this study, we tested the prediction that dominants would show increased defeat-induced neural activity in IL, but not prelimbic (PL) or ventral hippocampus (vHPC), neurons that send efferent projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) compared to subordinates. We performed dual immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and cholera toxin B (CTB) and found that dominants display a significantly greater proportion of double-labeled c-Fos + CTB cells in both the IL and PL. Furthermore, dominants display more c-Fos-positive cells in both the IL and PL, but not vHPC, compared to subordinates. These findings suggest that dominant hamsters selectively activate IL and PL, but not vHPC, projections to the amygdala during social defeat, which may be responsible for their reduced CD response. This project extends our understanding of the neural circuits underlying resistance to social stress, which is an important step toward delineating a circuit-based approach for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathologies.
Dynamic query re-planning using QOOP

Modern data processing clusters are highly dynamic - both in terms of the number of concurrently running jobs and their resource usage. To improve job performance, recent works have focused on optimizing the cluster scheduler and the jobs' query planner with a focus on picking the right query execution plan (QEP) - represented as a directed acyclic graph - for a job in a resource-aware manner, and scheduling jobs in a QEP-aware manner. However, because existing solutions use a fixed QEP throughout the entire execution, the inability to adapt a QEP in reaction to resource changes often leads to large performance inefficiencies.This paper argues for dynamic query re-planning, wherein we re-evaluate and re-plan a job's QEP during its execution. We show that designing for re-planning requires fundamental changes to the interfaces between key layers of data analytics stacks today, i.e., the query planner, the execution engine, and the cluster scheduler. Instead of pushing more complexity into the scheduler or the query planner, we argue for a redistribution of responsibilities between the three components to simplify their designs. Under this redesign, we analytically show that a greedy algorithm for re-planning and execution alongside a simple max-min fair scheduler can offer provably competitive behavior even under adversarial resource changes. We prototype our algorithms atop Apache Hive and Tez. Via extensive experiments, we show that our design can offer a median performance improvement of 1:47× compared to state-of-the-art alternatives.
Interaction of cardiac implantable electronic device and patent foramen ovale in ischemic stroke: A case-only study.

Background Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) leads are a nidus for right atrial thrombi. Right-to-left thromboembolism across a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a putative mechanism for ischemic stroke and PFO has been associated with stroke. We used a novel unbiased case-only study design to assess the effect modification of PFO-associated ischemic stroke risk by presence of CIED. We hypothesized that presence of CIED, as a nidus for right atrial thrombus formation, magnifies the PFO-ischemic stroke relationship; therefore, among hospitalized ischemic stroke patients we would find a higher prevalence of CIED in patients with PFO. Methods We included consecutive first ischemic stroke patients admitted to our hospital from 2006 to 2015, who were enrolled in a prospectively maintained stroke registry. PFO was ascertained from documentation on echocardiography, and presence of CIED at time of stroke was determined from chest radiography reports at or prior to hospitalization. We measured distributions of CIED within PFO and control groups and used Fisher's exact test to evaluate the PFO-CIED association among ischemic stroke patients. Results We included 7089 patients (age: 64.5 ± 14.9 years, 51% female). Echocardiography diagnosed PFO in 760 (10.7%) patients and CIED was reported on chest radiography in 752 (10.6%) patients. Prevalence of CIED was lower in the PFO (61/760, 8.0%) compared to control group (691/6329, 10.9%), P = 0.015. Conclusion Among admitted ischemic stroke patients, we did not find a higher prevalence of CIED in patients with PFO compared to controls. Therefore, in the underlying source population, the presence of CIED did not increase the PFO-associated ischemic stroke risk.
El reverso de la fotografía en El botón de nácar (2015), de Patricio Guzmán

Desde La batalla de Chile (1975-1979) a Salvador Allende (2004), Patricio Guzman ha trabajado, de manera insistente y tenaz sobre la memoria historica y los efectos del regimen dictatorial (1973-1990) en la sociedad chilena. En El boton de nacar (2015), el documentalista retoma este leit motiv que ha dominado su obra a fin de proveer una nueva reflexion sobre la perdida, los horrores del pasado y la percepcion del paso del tiempo. El documental conecta el genocidio de los pueblos australes (selknam, kaweskar, haush, aonikenk, yagan), ocurrido entre 1880 y 1910, con la represion ejercida por el gobierno militar chileno. Guzman ofrece una sugerente mirada sobre los documentos etnovisuales de fines del siglo XIX y el XX y la fotografia de denuncia politica. Este ensayo examina la representacion de los archivos etnograficos sobre los fueguinos, en El boton de nacar, como la mirada fantasmatica de una otredad que interpela el presente. Para esto, Guzman dispone un palimpsesto visual en el que se superponen el testimonio fotografico, el exterminio indigena y las imagenes de prisioneros politicos y detenidos desaparecidos durante la dictadura de Pinochet, a fin de inscribir la vision de los vencidos “intolerable” en la historiografia visual chilena.
Methodological Issues With Coding Participants in Anonymous Psychological Longitudinal Studies.

Longitudinal studies are commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences to answer a wide variety of research questions. Longitudinal researchers often collect data anonymously from participant...
Learning from Rational Behavior: Predicting Solutions to Unknown Linear Programs

We define and study the problem of predicting the solution to a linear program (LP) given only partial information about its objective and constraints. This generalizes the problem of learning to predict the purchasing behavior of a rational agent who has an unknown objective function, that has been studied under the name “Learning from Revealed Preferences". We give mistake bound learning algorithms in two settings: in the first, the objective of the LP is known to the learner but there is an arbitrary, fixed set of constraints which are unknown. Each example is defined by an additional known constraint and the goal of the learner is to predict the optimal solution of the LP given the union of the known and unknown constraints. This models the problem of predicting the behavior of a rational agent whose goals are known, but whose resources are unknown. In the second setting, the objective of the LP is unknown, and changing in a controlled way. The constraints of the LP may also change every day, but are known. An example is given by a set of constraints and partial information about the objective, and the task of the learner is again to predict the optimal solution of the partially known LP.
Role of a Physical Therapist in an Inclusive Physical Education Classroom

This article aims to increase awareness of the use physical therapists to enhance the safety and feasibility of inclusive physical education curricula. Additionally, practical adaptations on how to...
An Intervention to Increase Knowledge and Utilization of the Low Risk Ankle Rule Among Pediatric Emergency Department Providers.

OBJECTIVES The Low Risk Ankle Rule (LRAR) can assist pediatric emergency department providers in reducing radiographs without missing significant fractures. Most providers are unaware of this tool. This study sought to educate providers about the LRAR then determine their self-reported use immediately and 2 months after education. METHODS A web-based survey was e-mailed to providers at one large pediatric emergency department. The survey assessed knowledge and use of the rule. Clinical scenarios, in which radiographs were not indicated, helped determine radiograph ordering practices. After a brief LRAR tutorial, respondents were requeried about radiograph ordering practices along with likelihood of future LRAR use. At 2 months, radiograph ordering was again assessed using the same scenarios; interim LRAR use was also determined. RESULTS Response rates on the initial and follow-up surveys were 61.4% and 96.2%, respectively. A minority (20%) had heard of the LRAR. Providers initially reported ordering radiographs on 84% of ankle injuries and 82.5% ordered radiographs in the scenario. Immediately after education, only 32% ordered a radiograph in the scenario; 85% reported that they would use the tool consistently. At 2 months, there was no significant change in radiograph ordering practices (79.5% vs 84%). In the interim, 30% reported using the rule at least once. CONCLUSIONS Most pediatric emergency department providers were unfamiliar with the LRAR. After a brief tutorial, most providers reported that planning to use the tool and self-reported radiograph ordering was significantly reduced; however, at 2 months, clinical practice was unaffected. Further work to implement the tool into practice is necessary.
A speech perturbation strategy based on “Lombard effect” for enhanced intelligibility for cochlear implant listeners

The goal of this study is to determine potential intelligibility benefits from Lombard speech for cochlear implant (CI) listeners in speech-in-noise conditions. “Lombard effect” (LE) is the natural response of adjusting speech production via auditory feedback due to noise exposure within acoustic environments. To evaluate intelligibility performance of natural and artificially induced Lombard speech, a corpus was generated to create natural LE from large crowd noise (LCN) exposure at 70, 80, and 90 dB sound pressure level (SPL). Clean speech was mixed with 15 and 10 dB SNR LCN and presented to five CI users. First, speech intelligibility was analyzed as a function of increasing LE and decreasing SNR. Results indicate significant improvements (p < 0.05) with Lombard speech intelligibility in noise conditions for 80 and 90 dB SPL. Next, an offline perturbation strategy was formulated to modify/perturb neutral speech so as to mimic LE through amplification of highly intelligible segments, uniform time stretching, and spectral mismatch filtering. This process effectively introduces aspects of LE into the neutral speech, with the hypothesis that this would benefit intelligibility for CI users. Significant (p < 0.01) intelligibility improvements of 13% and 16% percentage points were observed for 15 and 10 dB SNR conditions respectively for CI users. The results indicate how LE and LE-inspired acoustic and frequency-based modifications can be leveraged within signal processing to improve intelligibility of speech for CI users.
Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges has called for a temporary suspension of clinical teaching activities for medical students. Planning for the continued involvement of learners in patient care during this pandemic should include teaching learners professional formation. The authors provide an ethical framework to guide such teaching, based on the ethical principle of beneficence and the professional virtues of courage and self-sacrifice from professional ethics in medicine. The authors show that these concepts support the conclusion that learners are ethically obligated to accept reasonable, but not unreasonable, risk. Based on this ethical framework, the authors provide an account of the process of teaching professional formation that medical educators and academic leaders should implement. Medical educators and academic leaders should embrace the opportunity that the COVID-19 pandemic presents for teaching professional formation. Learners should acquire the conceptual vocabulary of professional formation. Learners should recognize that risk of infection from patients is unavoidable. Learners should become aware of established ethical standards for professional responsibility during epidemics from the history of medicine. Learners should master understandable fear. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners' participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk. Professional ethics in medicine provides powerful conceptual tools that can be used as an ethical framework to guide medical educators to teach learners, who will bear leadership responsibilities in responses to future pandemics, professional formation.
Silver-based Self-Powered pH Sensitive Pump and Sensor

Nonmechanical nano/microscale pumps that provide precise control over flow rate without the aid of an external power source and that are capable of turning on in response to specific analytes in solution are needed for the next generation of smart micro- and nanoscale devices. Herein, a self-powered chemically driven silver micropump is reported that is based on the two-step catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2. The pumping direction and speed can be controlled by modulating the solution pH, and modeling and theory allow for the kinetics of the reaction steps to be connected to the fluid velocity. In addition, by changing the pH dynamically using glucose oxidase (GOx)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, the direction of fluid pumping can be altered in situ, allowing for the design of a glucose sensor. This work underscores the versatility of catalytic pumps and their ability to function as sensors.
Plant growth and calcium and potassium accumulation in lettuce under different nitrogen regimes of ammonium and nitrate nutrition

Effects of varying the ammonium:nitrate ratios in nutrient solutions and effects of calcium carbonate buffering on plant mass and accumulation of potassium and calcium were studied with two lettuce...
Omega-3 fatty acid modulation of serum and osteocyte tumor necrosis factor-α in adult mice exposed to ionizing radiation.

This is the first investigation, to our knowledge, to test the impact of a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids on multiple bone structural and biological outcomes following space-relevant radiation ex...
Preface and Table of Contents: The Complete Legal Writer, Second Edition

The Complete Legal Writer lives up to its name, providing everything legal research and writing professors and students need in a textbook, including citation literacy, research skills, writing process, a wide range of legal documents, and more. Using the cutting-edge Genre Discovery Approach, this book teaches students to guide themselves through the process of writing unfamiliar legal document types and thereby prepares students to write independently in upper-level classes and the workplace.To aid in teaching Genre Discovery, the authors provide three exacting samples of each document type covered in the book, a rhetorical analysis of each document type, and specific questions to guide students as they study the samples. The Complete Legal Writer covers document types that are traditionally taught in the first year, such as office memos and appellate briefs, as well as document types taught in upper-level and non-traditional first-year curricula, including trial briefs, demand letters, and employer blog posts.Furthermore, this book covers an essential skill for all legal writing classes: giving and receiving feedback. In addition to explaining how to give feedback to and receive feedback from peers, an important skill given the rise of peer-feedback practices in the LRW classroom, The Complete Legal Writer also covers how to receive and implement feedback from professors and workplace supervisors in order to improve both a particular document and future documents.
Steric scattering of rod-like swimmers in low Reynolds number environments.

Microbes form integral components of all natural ecosystems. In most cases, the surrounding micro-environment has physical variations that affect the movements of micro-swimmers, including solid objects of varying size, shape and density. As swimmers move through viscous environments, a combination of hydrodynamic and steric forces are known to significantly alter their trajectories in a way that depends on surface curvature. In this work, our goal was to clarify the role of steric forces when rod-like swimmers interact with solid objects comparable to cell size. We imaged hundreds-of-thousands of scattering interactions between swimming bacteria and micro-fabricated pillars with radii from ∼1 to ∼10 cell lengths. Scattering interactions were parameterized by the angle of the cell upon contact with the pillar, and primarily produced forward-scattering events that fell into distinct chiral distributions for scattering angle – no hydrodynamic trapping was observed. The chirality of a scattering event was a stochastic variable whose probability smoothly and symmetrically depended on the contact angle. Neglecting hydrodynamics, we developed a model that only considers contact forces and torques for a rear-pushed thin-rod scattering from a cylinder – the model predictions were in good agreement with measured data. Our results suggest that alteration of bacterial trajectories is subject to distinct mechanisms when interacting with objects of different size; primarily steric for objects below ∼10 cell lengths and requiring incorporation of hydrodynamics at larger scales. These results contribute to a mechanistic framework in which to examine (and potentially engineer) microbial movements through natural and synthetic environments that present complex steric structure.
Age constraints of the Middle Pleistocene till and loess sequence in northeast Missouri, USA, based on pedostratigraphy within a polygenetic paleosol

Abstract Pre-Illinoian (pre-MIS 6) tills in northern Missouri, USA mark the southernmost advances of the early Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), so their ages likely correspond to its largest ice volumes. Present age constraints for the two youngest tills in this sequence (Macon and Columbia) are consistent with deposition between MIS 12 and 8, but recognition of a pre-Illinoian loess above these tills now provides better age control. This loess is present near the Missouri River, and at one site it is overlain by three younger loess formations of known age. The oldest of the overlying formations dates to early MIS 6, so the underlying loess is pre-Illinoian. A thick paleosol is preserved within the top of the pre-Illinoian loess, so it is no younger than MIS 8 or early MIS 7. This loess also overlies a thick paleosol at the top of the (youngest) Macon till, which in turn rests upon another mature paleosol within the Columbia till. Therefore, the stratigraphic sequence restricts the minimum age of the Macon till to MIS 10 and that of the subjacent Columbia till to MIS 12. When combined with previous age constraints, these results isolate MIS 8-7 for the pre-Illinoian loess and MIS 10&12, respectively, as the mostly likely ages of these two tills. The presence of MIS 8-7 loess also implies that the LIS reached the upper Missouri River drainage basin at that time, although no corresponding till has been identified. However, there is no evidence of MIS 14 glaciation in the Midcontinent of the U.S. Based on these results, the LIS grew to a larger size during MIS 12&10 than during MIS 8, and was even smaller during MIS 14.
Prognostic Uncertainty in Critically Ill Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicenter Qualitative Study.

Prognostic uncertainty is frequently cited as a barrier to communication between physicians and patients and is particularly burdensome for surrogate decision-makers, who must make choices on behalf of their incapacitated family members. The Conceptual Taxonomy of Uncertainty is one model through which physician and surrogate communication can be analyzed to identify strategies for reducing uncertainty in surrogate decision-making. Our objective was to examine themes of uncertainty in physician communication of prognosis and surrogate goals-of-care decision-making for critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We performed a secondary analysis of a previous qualitative study that involved semistructured interviews of 16 surrogates of critically ill patients with TBI from two level 1 trauma centers and 20 TBI expert physicians from seven trauma centers. Open-ended questions about prognostic uncertainty were asked. We identified major themes with an inductive approach. The Conceptual Taxonomy of Uncertainty was applied to further characterize these themes as data-centered, system-centered, and patient-centered issues of uncertainty. Nearly all surrogates (15 of 16) and physicians (19 of 20) recognized the emotional burden of uncertainty in the decision-making process for surrogates. More than three quarters of surrogates (13 of 16) described instances in which a lack of information regarding their loved one’s disease or prognosis created uncertainty in their decision-making process, identifying both positive and negative instances of prognostic communication by physicians. We found that physicians used one of three strategies to communicate prognostic uncertainty to surrogates: leaving no room for uncertainty, honesty about uncertainty, and range of possibilities. These strategies did not meet the communication preferences of the majority of surrogates, with more than a third of decision-makers (6 of 15) being frustrated by too much ambiguity about prognosis as well as the failure to acknowledge the existence of uncertainty. We found that physician communication strategies rarely addressed surrogate needs regarding uncertainty adequately, suggesting an urgent need for future research into improved communication of prognostic uncertainty.
The Electronic States of Atoms. I. The Hydrogen Atom and the Simple Orbital Approximation for Multielectron Atoms

The Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is an example of the “central-force problem,” in which the potential energy depends only on the distance between the two particles that make up the system. In the central-force problem, the angular momentum of the system can have definite values if the system is in a state corresponding to an energy eigen function. The Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom can be solved exactly, giving electronic wave functions called orbitals. Electrons have intrinsic (spin) angular momentum in addition to the angular momentum of orbital motion. Spin orbitals describe both space and spin behavior. Each electron in a multielectron atom occupies a hydrogen-like spin orbital if the simple orbital approximation is applied. The wave function for a multielectron atom must be antisymmetric. According to the Pauli exclusion principle, in an orbital wave function every electron must occupy a different spin. The total orbital angular momentum and the total spin angular momentum correspond to the same pattern as other angular momenta, and are used to characterize the energy levels of multielectron atoms.
Revisiting Sartre on the question of religion

Jean-Paul Sartre's position on religion has traditionally been reduced to variations of his well-known atheism. This is a result of collapsing the distinction between religion and theism, as both critics and supporters of Sartre have commonly done. Consequently, attention to Sartre's persistent and pervasive concern with religious ideas, symbols, and experiences has been neglected. While the religious implications of Sartre's thought have mostly been considered in relation to Christian theology, other newer areas of religious studies suggest additional avenues for considering Sartre. Sartre's possible connections to four such areas are discussed: 1) Eastern religions; 2) Jewish studies; 3) feminist theology, and 4) the psychoanalysis of religion.
IMPACT OF FOOD STAMP AND NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMS ON FOOD GROUP EXPENDITURE AND NUTRIENT INTAKE OF LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

Few researchers have attempted to assess the impact of the Food Stamp Program (FSP) on both food expenditures and nutritional status [1, 3, 6]. Even fewer have evaluated the joint impact of income supplement programs, such as the FSP, and nutrition education programs, such as the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), on the nutritional status of participating households [4, 10]. The purpose of this article is to (1) identify selected food group and corresponding nutrient intake responses associated with participation in the FSP and EFNEP, (2) simulate the nutritional impact of alternative policy mechanisms with joint FSP and EFNEP participation, and (3) explore policy implications for food and nutrition program planning.