cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Resources and Public Policy: An Essay Toward Regional-National Planning

M ORE than anything else the future of the Southeast depends on the development of resources and capacities that are as yet largely unrealized. The region has natural resources and human resources. These forms of wealth are primary, but for their development they depend upon the building up of technological resources, institutional resources, and capital resources. The creation of these secondary forms of wealth as Howard W. Odum has pointed out are matters of organization, skill, and previous experience.' This is both an economic and a cultural task in which the nation is as vitally concerned as the region itself. The decision of the course to be pursued and the goals to be sought are embodied in public policy. Public policy grows out of the great complex of social values held by peoples, is focused toward certain goals to be achieved, and finally comes to be embodied in certain social instrumentalities. This last phase enters the field of public administration and it is no doubt in the test of ways and means that many worthy policies may be shown incapable of immediate realization. The present paper is not specifically concerned with action programs. It does seek, however, to determine the bearing of recent changes on the development and implementation of population policy in the United States. It grows out of the writer's research on the South's population problem,2 and is based on two fundamental assumptions: First, that one of the value complexes of our society is the national interest in the development of human resources. Second, that the situation of the Southeast indicates that our policy toward human resources as well as natural resources will be formulated on a regional-national basis.
Correction of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery

Successful surgical treatment for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was performed in one patient by left coronary artery-subclavian anastomosis and in two patients by direct implantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta. The excellent early and late results obtained with these methods and the suboptimal results reported with saphenous vein grafting for this lesion make these other alternatives more attractive. Direct implantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic (4 degrees C.) potassium-induced (20 mEq. per liter) cardioplegia is now our preferred approach for most patients with this lesion.
Fine Structure and Staining Behaviour of Heterochromatic Segments in Two Plants

With the use of the light and electron microscopes, the chromosomes of Fritillaria lanceolata and Scilla sibirica are shown to differ in respect of the heterochromatin they contain. In root meristems of the former, the heterochromatic regions (H-segments) were recognizable at all phases of the mitotic cycle by their slighter opacity to electrons than that of euchromatic parts. This was due both to less tight packing of the chromatin fibrils and lower opacity of the fibrils themselves, even though both had the same diameter, about 3 nm. In root tips of the Scilla , the heterochromatin was invariably of similar opacity to euchromatin and thus only recognizable at telophase and interphase as large chromocentres. The opacity to electrons in the heterochromatin of the 2 species, was at all times closely paralleled by the staining behaviour seen with the light microscope in sections (0.07-0.5 µm in thickness) stained with toluidine blue. The disparity in the Fritillaria , as seen in sections with the light microscope, in respect of the stainability of the hetero- and euchromatin, was masked in Feulgen squash preparations of root tips from plants grown at 18-20 °C; at metaphase by the thickness of the chromosomes and at interphase by the density of the chromocentres. When, on the other hand, the plants were grown for 4 days at 2 °C, the masking effect of thickness was circumvented in metaphase chromosomes by differential super-contraction in euchromatin. The implications of these findings in respect to previous interpretations of the differential reactivity of H-segments to low temperature, as well as the phenomenon of enhanced and reduced fluorescence in these segments with fluorochromes are discussed.
All About Whom? Stock Photos, Interactive Narratives and How News About Governmental Surveillance Is Visualized

A two-stage analysis examined visuals in news related to governmental surveillance, finding that just as surveillance has shifted from visual evidence to dataveillance, journalism is shifting its notion of visual evidence from photojournalism to journalistic data representations. First, a card sort analysis of news visuals was conducted on two news sites before and after Edward Snowden's document leak in June 2013. The news images remained relatively consistent, relying heavily on accessible official and stock photography sources. Second, a review of The Guardian's contemporaneous “NSA Files: Decoded” multimedia package found personalized, data-rich visual storytelling techniques. Between the two approaches is a vast difference in how surveillance is represented and made accessible, with implications for the visual coverage of other challenging news topics.
Random Field Theories in The Mirror Quintic Moduli Space

We investigate the distribution of field theories that arise from the low energy limit of flux vacua built on type IIB string theory compactified on the mirror quintic. For a large collection of these models, we numerically determine the distribution of Taylor coefficients in a polynomial expansion of each model's scalar potential to fourth order, and show that they differ significantly from potentials generated by random choices of such coefficients over a flat measure.
Do we trust the crowd or information system? Effects of personalization and bandwagon cues on users' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a restaurant recommendation website

Visual interface cues on many websites can influence Internet users' psychology, especially their perceptions about the site as well as its content (Sundar, 2008). Specifically, presence of commonly used interface cues (e.g., personalization, bandwagon cues) can substantially influence users' attitudes and their behavioral intentions toward websites and their content. This study examined the effect of personalization feature and bandwagon cues (i.e., star ratings, reviews) in a restaurant recommendation website, measuring (a) to what extent users positively perceive and plan on revisiting or sharing the site, and (b) to what degree users favored the recommended restaurant and plan to visit them. A 2 (personalization feature: present vs. absent)2 (bandwagon cues: high vs. low) between-subjects experiment showed that personalization feature and bandwagon cues increased positive perceptions and their behavioral intentions toward both the website and the recommended restaurant. Moreover, results revealed that users' perceived relevance as well as perceived novelty mediated the effects of interface cues on their attitudinal and behavioral consequences. Further, the impact of the interface cues on user psychology significantly differed as a function of the other cues. Theoretical and practical implications for future research on the effect of interface cues on user psychology are discussed. Personalization and bandwagon cues increased site-related attitudes and intentions.The interaction effects of both cues on attitudes and intentions were found.Perceived relevance and novelty were mediators for the hypothesized effects.
Measurement of Bond Line Fracture Toughness in Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures by Nanoindentation

This study explores a probable correlation between the degradation of bond line toughness in adhesively bonded joints and the degradation/changes in measurable mechanical properties of the adhesive layer by indentation hardness due to contamination. The proposed framework utilizes the large scale bridging of interfacial fracture proposed by Tvergaard and Hutchinson (Philos Mag A 70:641–656, 1994). A typical adhesive/adherend material system (EA9394/Hexcel IM7-G/8552) exposed to different contaminants at the same concentration was examined. Nano indentation technique, considered as a non-destructive testing methodology compared to the bond line thickness, was utilized to measure the adhesive mechanical properties. In addition, macroscopic mode-I fracture toughness was independently measured by double cantilever beam test. Finite element method employing cohesive zone method was used to rationalize the experimental results and the prospective scaling-laws. The combined experimental results of macroscopic properties and the numerical results of the interfacial properties suggest a scaling between the interfacial cohesive fracture toughness and the measurable flow stress. While the proposed scaling is verified to a common adhesive-adherend system in aerospace industry, with additional examination of other systems, the proposed scaling law facilitates the utilization of the non-destructively evaluated indentation hardness to serve as an indicator for the bond line macroscopic fracture toughness.
Review of Reading with a Passion : Rhetoric, Autobiography, and the American West in the Gospel of John

This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theological Studies Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@lmu.edu. Repository Citation Christie, Douglas E., "Review of Reading with a Passion : Rhetoric, Autobiography, and the American West in the Gospel of John" (1997). Theological Studies Faculty Works. Paper 123. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/theo_fac/123
Simulation study of transactive control strategies for residential HVAC systems

Demand response (DR) is a popular alternative to the control of generation assets in balancing energy production and consumption in the electric grid. The end-use electrical demand can be adjusted based on real-time electricity prices, known as price-based DR. A means to enable automatic price-based DR is to implement a transactive controller, in which energy consuming devices respond to the market price signal and reduce their power consumption. In this paper, two transactive control strategies, i.e., with and without pre-cooling, are simulated to analyze their effectiveness in controlling residential HVAC systems. Their ability to perform peak demand reduction and save money on electricity bills is evaluated for one home and a group of 100 homes. The study is carried out using the GridLAB-D simulation tool.
Cord Blood Transplants Versus Other Sources of Allografts: Comparison of Data in Adult Setting

In the absence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor, umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides an excellent alternative graft source for hematopoietic cell transplantation. It is, however, associated with delayed neutrophil engraftment leading to a higher risk of graft failure and non-relapse mortality. On the other hand, despite HLA mismatch, the risk of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is significantly lower after UCB transplantation as compared with any other graft source with similar degree of mismatch. Moreover, the risk of relapse, disease-free survival, and overall survival after UCB transplantation is comparable to that of other graft types. Outcomes of UCB transplantation as compared with partially HLA-matched related donor (haploidentical) transplantation are currently being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
Emerging Insights into the Roles of the Paf1 Complex in Gene Regulation

The conserved, multifunctional Polymerase-Associated Factor 1 complex (Paf1C) regulates all stages of the RNA polymerase (Pol) II transcription cycle. In this review, we examine a diverse set of recent studies from various organisms that build on foundational studies in budding yeast. These studies identify new roles for Paf1C in the control of gene expression and the regulation of chromatin structure. In exploring these advances, we find that various functions of Paf1C, such as the regulation of promoter-proximal pausing and development in higher eukaryotes, are complex and context dependent. As more becomes known about the role of Paf1C in human disease, interest in the molecular mechanisms underpinning Paf1C function will continue to increase.
Variational Calculations of Lattice Self-Shielding

A variational method is presented which yields extremely accurate results with brief hand calculation in one-velocity lattice self-shielding problems. (W.D.M.)
Classical-quantum correspondence and backreaction

We work in the Heisenberg picture to demonstrate the classical-quantum correspondence (CQC) in which the dynamics of a quantum variable is equivalent to that of a complexified classical variable. The correspondence provides a tool for analyzing quantum backreaction problems which we illustrate by a toy model in which a rolling particle slows down due to quantum radiation. The dynamics found using the CQC is in excellent agreement with that found using the much more laborious full quantum analysis.
Application of Computers in Electron Probe and X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

This paper is a review of automation of electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence instrumentation. Such a review seems timely because of the great increase in the application of computer systems in this field over the past decade. Some of these applications have been conceived to meet true technological needs while in other cases they have been undertaken to “keep up with the Joneses.” I would like to show not only what automated systems are now feasible but also when and how they should be employed. The “when” and “how” of automation are largely dependent upon the application being considered; in this study, x-ray applications have been divided into the following classes: (l) on-stream process-control, (2) off-line quality assurance, (3) routine service laboratory, (4) general-purpose analytical laboratory. Several phases are present in these classes, including: specimen preparation and loading, measurement, data acquisition and transfer, data processing and display, and finally, archival data storage. Various workers have undertaken the automation of all these operations in one or the other of the classes of applications; from a review of their work and by examining details of each operation within the framework of a given application, we can now draw conclusions on the extent of desirable automation.
Lost in Translation: Oral Advocacy in a Land Without Binding Precedent

Robert Frost first famously penned “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” In the world of advocacy, persuasion is what gets lost in translation. This article examines the distinctions in the common law and civil law methods of legal reasoning. It analyzes why, in form and substance, the traditional common law oral argument methods are neither effective nor persuasive when presented in a civil law jurisdiction. Although the common law and civil law legal traditions share similar social objectives, arguing based on stare decisis is incompatible with the Code-based method applied by civil law courts. This article explores how to transfer common law advocacy skills to create an effective civil law oral argument. By making this transition, a common law advocate will be able to garner a greater awareness of the civil law system, including an understanding of the rules that govern the court or tribunal that will be hearing the argument, an appreciation for the role of the judge hearing the argument, and an appreciation for the role of scholars in the civil law system. As a result, common law practitioners can hone their ability to effectively craft a persuasive civil law argument.
New generation of U.S. satellite microwave sounder achieves high radiometric stability performance for reliable climate change detection

Observations from the satellite microwave sounders play a vital role in measuring the long-term temperature trends for climate change monitoring. Changes in diurnal sampling over time and calibration drift have been the main sources of uncertainties in the satellite-measured temperature trends. We examine observations from the first of a series of U.S. new generation of microwave sounder, the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), which has been flying onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NASA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) environmental satellite since late 2011. The SNPP satellite has a stable afternoon orbit that has close to the same local observation time as NASA’s Aqua satellite that has been carrying the heritage microwave sounder, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), from 2002 until the present. The similar overpass timing naturally removes most of their diurnal differences. In addition, direct comparison of temperature anomalies between the two instruments shows little or no relative calibration drift for most channels. Our results suggest that both SNPP/ATMS and Aqua/AMSU-A instruments have achieved absolute stability in the measured atmospheric temperatures within 0.04 K per decade. This uncertainty is small enough to allow reliable detection of the temperature climate trends and help to resolve debate on relevant issues. We also analyze AMSU-A observations onboard the European MetOp-A satellite that has a stable morning orbit 8 hours apart from the SNPP overpass time. Their comparison reveals large asymmetric trends between day and night in the lower- and mid-tropospheric temperatures over land. This information could help to improve climate data records for temperature trend detection with improved accuracy. The SNPP satellite will be followed by four NOAA operational Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites, providing accurate and stable measurement for decades to come. The primary mission of JPSS is for weather forecasting. Now, with the added feature of stable orbits, JPSS observations can also be used to monitor changes in climate with much lower uncertainty than the previous generation of NOAA operational satellites.
High-Gain MIMO Dipole Antennas With Mechanical Steerable Main Beam for 5G Small Cell

A dipole antenna with a bent dumbbell shape was positioned above and horizontal to a metal reflector to improve peak gain and steering of the radiation pattern. A parasitic square patch etched on the bottom side of the dumbbell arms provided a feeding delay line for producing dipole radiation in the 3600 MHz band. For gain enhancement and beam reconfiguration, the height of the horizontal dipole and the metal reflector could be adjusted to generate constructive reflections in phase with the radiated waves. When a dipole antenna with a height equal to half a wavelength was installed above the metal reflector, it exhibited a tilted main beam of 48° and maximum gain reached 9.2 dBi. A multiple-input–multiple-output antenna with a pair of strip stubs was also investigated. Simulation and measurement results indicated that the proposed structure achieved good isolation. The antenna had an impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) of approximately 19.0% (3146–3818 MHz) and a low coupling ( S 21) of less than −25 dB. In this band, the average gain enhancement approximated 5.1 dBi.
Developmental Complexity: A Foundation for Character.

Developmental complexity, in particular developing an internal voice, is one of the foundations of character development. Here the author describes developmental complexity, its evolution over adol...
Regular vertex operator subalgebras and compressions of intertwining operators

Abstract Let V be a vertex operator subalgebra of U. Assume that U, V, and its commutant V c in U are CFT-type, self-dual, and regular VOAs. Assume also that the double commutant V c c equals V. We prove that any intertwining operator of V is a compression of intertwining operators of U.
Linking Different Data Sources of Venture Capital and Private Equity in China

This report gives a summary on different data sources of venture capital and private equity in China. It also provides a roadmap on how to link the different sources to a consolidated database. This is a supplementary report on data collection and consolidation of the paper “Can governments foster the development of venture capital (Fei (2018)).
Heart Transplantation: An In-Depth Survival Analysis

Objectives This study aims to understand the complex factors affecting heart transplant survival and to determine the importance of possible sex-specific risk factors. Background Heart transplant allocation is primarily focused on preventing waitlist mortality. To prevent organ wastage, future allocation must balance risk of waitlist mortality with post-transplantation mortality. However, more information regarding risk factors after heart transplantation is needed. Methods We included all adults (30,606) in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database who underwent isolated heart transplantation from January 1, 2004, to July 1, 2018. Mortality (8,278 deaths) was verified with the complete Social Security Death Index with a median follow-up of 3.9 years. Temporal decomposition was used to identify phases of survival and phase-specific risk factors. The random survival forests method was used to determine importance of mortality risk factors and their interactions. Results We identified 3 phases of mortality risk: early post-transplantation, constant, and late. Sex was not a significant risk factor. There were several interactions predicting early mortality such as pretransplantation mechanical ventilation with presence of end-organ function (bilirubin, renal function) and interactions predicting later mortality such as diabetes and older age (donor and recipient). More complex interactions predicting early-, mid-, and late-mortality existed and were identified with machine learning (i.e., elevated bilirubin, mechanical ventilation, and dialysis). Conclusions Post-heart transplant mortality risk is complex and dynamic, changing with time and events. Sex is not an important mortality risk factor. To prevent organ wastage, end-organ dysfunction should be resolved before transplantation as much as possible.
Printable highly transparent natural fiber composites

Abstract In this study, we report the development of printable highly transparent natural fiber-reinforced composites based on raw flax fibers. The prepared composites exhibit superior transparency (>90% light transmittance), and the tensile performance is competitive to synthetic fiber-based counterparts. They also reveal excellent printability (
The Impact of Commissions on Home Sales in Greater Boston

This paper analyzes information on all listed nonrental residential properties within a 15-mile radius of downtown Boston from 1998 to 2007. It shows that a higher commission is associated with a higher likelihood of sale, a modest impact on the days on the market and overall no effect on the sales price.
New nonchemotherapy treatment options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

The most common types of CTCL are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). In both MF and SS, complete responses to treatment are uncommon. Recent developments and understanding of the biol...
Professional and Ethical Issues in United States Acute Care Physical Therapists Treating Patients With COVID-19: Stress, Walls, and Uncertainty.

OBJECTIVE: No peer-reviewed research has explored professional and ethical issues encountered by physical therapists in treating patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of physical therapists regarding the professional and ethical issues they encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The current study used reflexive thematic analysis, a qualitative research design developed by Braun and Clarke, to analyze individual interviews. RESULTS: Analysis of the coded interviews produced 6 primary themes (uncertainty, physical therapist's role, ethical dilemmas and moral distress, emotions, providing care and working conditions, and management and leadership influence) and associated subthemes. CONCLUSIONS: Physical therapists reported numerous professional and ethical issues across the individual, organizational, and societal realms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the need for education and resources to prepare physical therapists for professional and ethical issues encountered during pandemics. Specifically, there is a need to define the physical therapist's role in pandemics and prepare the physical therapy personnel for dealing with ethical issues, stress, uncertainty, and organizational changes associated with pandemics. Ethical guidelines would support organizations in delineating fair processes for triage and allocation of scarce resources for acute care physical therapy during healthcare emergencies. IMPACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has produced significant changes in healthcare and physical therapist practice. This study reports results of the first research study focusing on professional and ethical issues experienced by physical therapists in acute care during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the US faces an unprecedented spike in COVID-19 cases and deaths, results of this study may contribute to physical therapists' preparation for and response to professional and ethical issues encountered in acute care during the pandemic.
Iodine Nutrition Status and Thyroid Autoimmunity During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of 4635 Pregnant Women

BackgroundPregnant women in Shanghai have long been at risk for mild iodine deficiency. Because thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant women can lead to premature birth and miscarriage as well as neurodevelopmental deficits in the fetus, the aim of this study was to explore the association of iodine nutrition status with thyroid antibodies during pregnancy.MethodsA pregnancy-birth cohort was conducted including 4635 pregnant women in Shanghai, China. The eligible participants underwent a face-to-face interview and completed questionnaire surveys to collected baseline information and diet intake. Spot urine samples were collected to test urine iodine. Thyroid antibodies including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyrotrophic antibodies (TRAb) were tested. Single-factor analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy.FindingsThe median urinary iodine excretion level in the sample was 138·14 µg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 80·90-219·00 µg/L). The proportion of patients with iodine deficiency was significantly higher among those who consumed non-iodized salt (36·9% vs. 33·1%; p = 0·04). After adjusting for age, educational status, former smoker status, former drinker status, first pregnancy, and previous thyroid disease, non-iodized salt (odds ratio [OR] = 1·394 [confidence interval, CI, 1·165-1·562]; p = 0·003), iodine-rich food (OR = 0·681 [CI 0·585-0·793]; p = 0·003), iodized nutritional supplements (OR = 0·427 [CI 0·347-0·526]; p = 0·003), were found to be individually associated with thyroid autoimmunity in all participants. The results of the multivariable restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed a non-linear relationship between the continuous change in iodine intake and thyroid autoimmunity (p = 0·019). Participants with iodine deficiency (urinary iodine concentration, <100 µg/L) had an increased risk of testing positive for thyroid antibodies (TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb[+]; OR = 1·324 [CI 1·125-1·559]; p < 0·001). Moreover, this associated existed even after removing participants with previous thyroid disease.InterpretationInadequate iodine nutrition in pregnant women is an independent risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity in Shanghai, where the overall nutrition status is good. Funding: This study was supported by the young fund of Shanghai municipal health commission (20194Y0443), food nutrition research and education fund of Danone nutrition center (DIC2019-03), excellent young talents of health system in Shanghai (No. 2017YQ043) and top young talents in Shanghai (No. 2020-8). Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC) and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Before data collection, written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Aromatase Inhibitor-induced Musculoskeletal Syndrome: a Review of Rehabilitation Interventions

The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight clinically relevant characteristics and rehabilitation interventions for aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS). AIMSS is a constellation of musculoskeletal symptoms including arthralgias, myalgias, and stiffness resulting from estrogen deprivation. The etiology likely relates to estrogen’s role in pain, immune, and skeletal, cartilaginous modulation. Rehabilitation strategies include medications and supplements, resistance, and aerobic exercises. Majority of the rehabilitation studies evaluated exercise interventions. AIMSS continues to be a broadly defined condition. The exact pathophysiology has not yet been discovered. Rehabilitation management is multi-dimensional and future research may consider a biopsychosocial approach. While exercise interventions are the most widely studied, there is a need to identify effective exercise protocols. Future research should also evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions specifically for AIMSS populations.
Scalable video transmission over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing wireless channels

We optimize a wireless system for video transmission over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel is assumed. Block transmissions using a cyclic prefix are used to eliminate interblock interference (IBI). Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used as modulation scheme. The MPEG-4 video coder is used to provide a two-layer SNR scalable video bit stream. Rate compatible punctured convolutional codes (RCPC codes) are used for error protection. We apply unequal error protection (UEP) to the layers of the scalable bitstream. We solve the problem of optimal bit allocation between source and channel coding and across scalable layers such that the overall distortion is minimized. The algorithm utilizes universal rate distortion characteristics which are obtained experimentally and show the sensitivity of the source encoder and decoder to channel errors.
Tibialis anterior muscles in mdx mice are highly susceptible to contraction-induced injury

Skeletal muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and mdx mice lack dystrophin and are more susceptible to contraction-induced injury than control muscles. Our purpose was to develop an assay based on the high susceptibility to injury of limb muscles in mdx mice for use in evaluating therapeutic interventions. The assay involved two stretches of maximally activated tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in situ. Stretches of 40% strain relative to muscle fiber length were initiated from the plateau of isometric contractions. The magnitude of damage was assessed one minute later by the deficit in isometric force. At all ages (2-19 months), force deficits were four- to seven-fold higher for muscles in mdx compared with control mice. For control muscles, force deficits were unrelated to age, whereas force deficits increased dramatically for muscles in mdx mice after 8 months of age. The increase in susceptibility to injury of muscles from older mdx mice did not parallel similar adverse effects on muscle mass or force production. The in situ stretch protocol of TA muscles provides a valuable assay for investigations of the mechanisms of injury in dystrophic muscle and to test therapeutic interventions for reversing DMD.
Cross-reactivity of antibody to human and bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) with homologous and heterologous LH

1. Antibodies to highly purified human and bovine pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) have been produced in the rabbit, and their presence has been confirmed by biological neutralization and in vitro immunologic techniques. 2. Antibodies to human LH inhibited the biological activity of human pituitary and postmenopausal urinary LH and human chorionic gonadotropin, and gave positive immunologic reactions with these hormones. Antibodies to human LH did not inhibit the biological activity of bovine, porcine, equine or ovine pituitary LH, or of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, nor were immunologic cross-reactions observed with LH from these sources. 3. Antibodies to bovine LH inhibited the biological activity of bovine, ovine, porcine and equine pituitary LH, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, human pituitary and postmenopausal urinary LH and human chorionic gonadotropin. Positive immunologic reactions, however, were only detected with bovine and porcine pituitary LH fractions, and with ovine pituitary LH both...
Differences in influence between pitched-from-vertical lines and slanted-from-frontal horizontal lines on egocentric localization

The visual field exerts powerful effects on egocentric spatial localization along both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Thus, (1) prism-produced visual pitch and visual slant generate similar mislocalizations of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) and visually perceived straight ahead (VPSA) and (2) in darkness curare-produced extraocular muscle paresis under eccentric gaze generates similar mislocalizations in VPEL and VPSA that are essentially eliminated by introducing a normal visual field. In the present experiments, however, a search for influences of real visual slant on VPSA to correspond to the influences of visual pitch on VPEL failed to find one. Although the elevation corresponding to VPEL changes linearly with the pitch of a visual field consisting of two isolated 66.5 degrees-long pitched-from-vertical lines, the corresponding manipulation of change in the slant of either a horizontal two-line or a horizontal four-line visual field on VPSA did not occur. The average slope of the VPEL-versus-pitch function across 5 subjects was +0.40 over a +/- 30 degrees pitch range, but was indistinguishable from 0.00 for the VPSA-versus-slant function over a +/- 30 degrees slant range. Possible contributions to the difference between susceptibility of VPEL and VPSA to visual influence from extraretinal eye position information, gravity, and several retinal gradients are discussed.
Performance analysis of multistage linear parallel interference canceller in long-code CDMA systems

In this paper, we analyze the bit error probability of the multistage linear parallel interference canceller in a long- code code division multiple access (CDMA) system. To obtain the bit error probability, we approximate the decision statistic as a Gaussian random variable, and compute its mean and variance. The mean and variance of the decision statistic can be expressed as functions of the moments of (R-I), where R is the correlation matrix of the signature sequences. Since the complexity of calculating the moments increases rapidly with the growth of the stage index, a graphical representation for the moments is developed to alleviate the complexity. Propositions are presented to interpret the calculation of moments as several graph problems that are well known in the literature, i.e., the coloring, graph decomposition and Euler tour problems. It is shown that the graphical representation facilitates the analytic evaluation of the bit error probability, and the analytic results match well with the simulation results.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Viewing teacher transformation through the lens of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT)

Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment (TEFA) is an innovative pedagogy for science and mathematics instruction. The ‘Teacher Learning of TEFA’ research project studies teacher change as in-service secondary science and mathematics teachers learn TEFA in the context of a multi-year professional development programme. Applying cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) to the linked activity systems of professional development and teachers’ classroom practice leads to a model of teacher learning and pedagogical change in which TEFA is first introduced into classrooms as an object of activity, and then made useful as a tool for instruction, and then—in rare cases—incorporated into all elements of a deeply transformed practice. Different levels of contradiction within and between activity systems drive the transitions between stages. A CHAT analysis suggests that the primary contradiction within secondary education is a dual view of students as objects of instruction and of students as willful individuals; the difficulties arising from this can either inhibit or motivate TEFA adoption.
Functional analysis of the phenobarbital-responsive unit in rat CYP2B2.

Abstract An 163-bp fragment of the rat cytochrome P450 gene, CYP2B2 has been shown to contain sequences that mediate phenobarbital (PB) responsiveness of this gene. In studies on this rat gene and the orthologous mouse gene, Cyp2b10, the minimal fragment required for near full PB responsiveness has varied from about 50 to 80 bp depending on the gene used and the number of copies of the PB responsive sequences assessed. Since there is a single copy of the CYP genes in the genome, we have evaluated deletion and block mutations across an 84-bp region of the PB responsive unit (PBRU), by in situ transfection in rat liver using single copies of the PBRU sequences. From the 5′ end, deletions to −2243 retained more than 50% responsiveness to PB compared to the 163-bp fragment. The fragment −2237 to −2155 retained less than 20% responsiveness even though it contained the nuclear receptor (NR)-1, NR-2, and NF-1 motifs which are present in the core of the PBRU. From the 3′ end, deletions from −2170 to −2194 eliminated PB responsiveness indicating that the 74-bp sequence from −2243 to −2170 is able to mediate full PB responsiveness. Block mutations within the NR-1 and NF-1 regions reduced responsiveness most dramatically, but did not abolish it, and mutations 3′ of the NF-1 site modestly reduced responsiveness. Protein binding was not affected by mutations in the NR-1 region as assessed by DNase I footprinting in vitro but mutations within the NR-2 region reduced binding to the NF-1 site. Mutations of the 5′ half or the 3′ half of the bipartite NF-1 site, resulted in loss of protection of the NF-1 site and new footprints to the 3′ or 5′ side, respectively, of the NF-1 site. These results indicate that sequences in addition to the NR-1 and -2 and the NF-1 sites are required for full responsiveness to PB and suggest that proteins which bind to these sites may interact.
How our worldviews shape our practice

This article reviews research on the effect of a conflict resolution practitioner's worldview on practice. The results revealed patterns connecting worldview frames with differing uses of power. Forty-three environmental and intercultural practitioners were interviewed, and narrative and metaphor analysis was used to reveal key worldview orientations in their practice stories. The results are correlated in continuums and “profiles” of the worldview orientation. The findings strengthen previous work questioning the effects of the traditional neutrality stance, deepen fieldwide arguments for the embedded nature of worldview and culture, and describe new methods that reveal some of the dynamics between worldview and practice.
Design of a Keller-Plan Course in Elementary Statistics:

Based upon the principles of learning derived from the laboratory, Keller (1968) devised a teaching method which he termed a Personalized System of Instruction. Basic to the Keller-plan mechod are several components: ( a ) Unitization: Course material is divided into homogeneous unics with supportive written material including objectives. This also allows an emphasis upon the written word and a deemphasis on the lecture as the only source of content. ( b ) Mastery learning: The student is required to master a unit before proceeding to new content. (c) Personalization: Using proctors permits the repeated resting necessary for mastery learning, immediate scoring of unit quizzes and a ". . . marked enhancement of the personal-social aspect of the educational process" (Keller, 1968, p. 8 3 ) . Personalization also allows students to progress through the unin at individual races. The purpose of this paper is to present the procedure by which this mechod has been implemented to teach sectlons of Psychology 161, Elementary Scatiscics, at California State University, Fullerton. Also presented are some descriptive statistics by which the success of this course may be compared to results obtained in other Keller-plan courses (Sherman, 1974) .' COURSE OUTLINE Unitization Twelve units of material were prepared using Runyon and Haber's Fzdndamentals of Behavioral Statistics ( 1971 ) as the basic text. Unit size and content have been altered slightly through successive semesters, working toward unics of homogeneous content and difficulty. Each unic study guide contains ( a ) Unit Definition: pages of the text and other written material covered by the unit; ( b ) Unit Overview: brief summary of material in the unit relating the content in the new unit to that in previous units; ( c ) Unic Objectives: specify what the learner is expected to learn in the unit and how he is to demonsuace his learning; (d) Unit Problems and Exercises: problems and exercises the learner must complete to show his readiness to demonstrate mastery of the unit material; ( e ) Unic Learning Hierarchy: locates for the student both within the unic and within the course the level at which the unit content lies in the
Some N-substituted 2-amino- and 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboximides†

The reaction of sodium 2-amino-3-cyanoquinoline-4-carboxylate and 2-methyl-3-cyanoquino-line-4-carboxylic acid in polyphosphoric acid led to 2-amino- and 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicar-boximide, respectively. Both of these compounds undergo imide N-alkylation reactions with methyl iodide and various chloroalkylaminodialkyl amines, while the latter also condenses with 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde to form styryl derivatives. Although some of these compounds may be considered structural analogs of the antimalarial 4-quinolinemethanols, none exhibited antimalarial activity.
Dentate granule cell layer collagen explant cultures: Spontaneous axonal growth and induction by brain-derived neurotrophic factor or basic fibroblast growth factor

Abstract The molecular mechanisms that underlie dentate granule cell axon (i.e., mossy fiber) growth during development and following seizure-induced hippocampal injury remain unknown. Part of this process may involve specific factors that support dentate granule cells during differentiation, and molecular cues that allow the appropriate growth of mossy fiber axons toward their targets. To study this process, we developed an in vitro assay system to measure the activity of putative trophic, chemoattractant and chemorepulsive factors. Two-hundred-micrometer-thick transverse hippocampal sections were prepared from neonatal rats and microdissected to isolate the middle one-third of the superior blade of the dentate granule cell layer. These were embedded in a three-dimensional collagen matrix either alone or with microdissected regions of the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Cultures were maintained in a defined medium and grown for two to three days in a standard culture environment. Results showed that numerous processes grew primarily from the hilar side of explants into the collagen matrix, often in excess of 500 μm in length. These were determined to be axons based on: (i) morphological criteria including size and presence of growth cones, (ii) synaptophysin and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivity, (iii) lack of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and (iv) contiguity of biocytin-filled processes with neuronal soma within the explant. Treatment of cultures with brain-derived neurotrophic factor caused a significant increase in axon number and length, and this effect was partially reversed by the addition of a trkB-immunoglobulin fusion protein that blocks the activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5. Basic fibroblast growth factor also caused a marked increase in axon number and length, and caused a migration of neuron-like cells out of the explant into the collagen. These results show that cultured dentate granule cell layer explants are capable of growing mossy fibers into a neutral collagen matrix, and the growth of axons can be modified by the addition of exogenous growth factors. Furthermore, since target tissue and point sources of purified factors can easily be co-cultured with the explants, this new system provides a direct means for testing the molecular cues that influence mossy fiber growth.
Study of bifurcations produced by non-contact magnetic cutting in aluminum plate

Non-contact magnetic cutting (NCMC) is a process by which repetitively applied pulsed magnetic fields are used to extend and direct very fine cuts in metals. A companion paper, presented at this conference, explains the technique in more detail. Under the right conditions, the NCMC process can produce fine, precise cuts, but different conditions produce bifurcations in the cuts, which are not desirable. This paper examines a series of experiments and finite element simulations to determine the conditions that produce bifurcations when using the NCMC process to cut aluminum plate. We discuss the relative importance of two systematic factors and one random factor leading to the formation or suppression of bifurcations. The Lorentz force acts in the direction of the cut and tends to suppress the formation of bifurcations, whereas the principal stress are directed at 45 degrees to the cut and favor the formation of bifurcations. The shape in which molten aluminum resolidifies between pulses is a random factor that can lead to the formation of bifurcations.
Effect of para-methoxyamphetamine on catecholamine metabolism in the mouse brain.

Abstract Para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) was found to be ineffective in altering the levels of mouse brain DA and NE at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg but a significant decrease in these amines was observed at 30 mg/kg. In contrast, all doses of PMA tested markedly elevated brain 5-HT and decreased brain 5-HIAA. PMA caused a dose related decrease in the accumulation of 14C-NE formed from 14C-tyrosine but increased the levels of 14C-NE formed from 14C-DOPA. Furthermore, PMA increased the accumulation of 14C-NM formed from 14C-tyrosine in a manner similar to d -amphetamine. Of the doses tested, only 30 mg/kg of PMA increased psychomotor activity.