cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-terminating electrodeposition of ultrathin Pt films on Ni: An active, low-cost electrode for H 2 production

Abstract Self-terminating electrodeposition was developed for depositing ultrathin Pt overlayers on segmented electrodeposited Ni films supported on Au. The partitioned substrates provided an internal reference, namely, Pt on Au versus Pt on Ni, for every growth experiment. Deposition at large overpotentials yielded a Pt overlayer approximately 1 ML thick on Au or 2 to 3 ML thick on Ni as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) indicated that Pt covered 60% of the Ni surface forming a Pt50Ni50 surface alloy stabilized by excess Pt Ni bond enthalpy supplemented by O- and H-induced Ni segregation. The Pt deposition rate on Ni was constrained by Ni oxide reduction while self-termination was mediated by the formation of a layer of adsorbed hydrogen (Hupd) on the Pt Ni surface. Multi-cycle Pt deposition on Ni involved emersion and rapid water rinsing in air to oxidize the Hupd followed by re-immersion for additional Pt deposition. Four deposition cycles resulted in a Pt-terminated surface. The electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen production in alkaline media was significantly enhanced on the Pt Ni monolayer film relative to Pt. The Pt Ni electrode deactivated with time although intermittent oxidation at, or above, 1 VRHE restructured the electrode to form an active Pt Ni(OH)2 composite surface.
America as a Model for the World? A Foreign Policy Perspective

I. How the Placement of States Affects Their PoliciesBecause throughout most of the years since the second World War the United States and the Soviet Union were similarly placed by their power, their external behaviors should have shown striking similarities. Did they? Yes, more than has usually been realized. The behavior of states can be compared on many counts. Their armament policies and their interventions abroad are two of the most revealing. On the former count, the United States in the early 1960s undertook the largest strategic and conventional peace-time military build-up the world has yet seen. We did so even as Khrushchev was trying at once to carry through a major reduction in the conventional forces and to follow a strategy of minimum deterrence, and we did so even though the balance of strategic weapons greatly favored the United States. As one should have expected, the Soviet Union soon followed in America's footsteps, thus restoring the symmetry of great-power behavior. And so it was through most of the years of the Cold War. Advances made by one were quickly followed by the other, with the United States almost always leading the way. Allowing for geographic differences, the overall similarity of their forces was apparent. The ground forces of the Soviet Union were stronger than those of the United States, but in naval forces the balance of advantage was reversed. The Soviet Union's largely coastal navy gradually became more of a blue-water fleet, but one of limited reach. Its navy never had more than half the tonnage of ours.
Internal flows which transist from turbulent through intermittent to laminar

Abstract A transition model for internal flows which enables the prediction of the change of flow regime from turbulent through intermittent to laminar has been implemented by numerical simulation. This model had previously been demonstrated to be effective for the prediction of the breakdown of an initially laminar internal flow and its subsequent transitions to either intermittent or turbulent states. The model was employed here to study a flow which is decelerated by passing through a conical diffuser. The flow enters the diffuser with a fully developed turbulent velocity profile and exhibits transitions either in the diffuser or in a pipe situated downstream of the diffuser exit. The presence or absence of flow separation affected the onset of laminarization. Proof that laminarization actually occurred is provided by the values of the fully developed friction factors in the pipe downstream of the exit of the diffuser. These friction factors spanned the range from pure laminar flow through intermittent flow to fully turbulent flow. Comparisons were made with established benchmarks for each of these three flow regimes.
The effect of cell cycle regulators on protein profiles in cultured root meristems of Pisum sativum

Abstract The addition of various plant hormones, especially cytokinins, may influence both cell division and protein synthesis in vitro . Trigonelline, a newly proposed plant hormone, promotes cell arrest in G2 in pea meristem nuclei. Some recent evidence suggests that poly(ADP-ribose) may be implicated in trigonelline-induced G2 arrest. Results obtained herein demonstrate that the addition of trigonelline, cytokinin or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors to the culture medium does not alter the general polypeptide profile of the meristem. These data suggest that based on one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, root meristems which are exposed to test chemicals which alter G1/G2 distributions maintain similar general polypeptide profiles.
A protein cofactor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

Abstract The effect of proteins isolated from human high density lipoprotein on cholesterol esterification by purified lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in the presence of dispersed lipids was studied. One of the major proteins present gave a maximal rate of esterification similar to that found with the native lipoprotein. The other major lipoprotein protein was inactive as a cofactor but significantly reduced activity produced by the cofactor protein.
Transient Lamb wave velocity determination using holographic mapping of spatial features of propagating waves

A holographic technique to determine empirically group velocities of transient anti-symmetric Lamb waves using only spatial features of the propagating waveform has been shown to be in good agreement with predicted results from the elastic theory dispersion relationships for thin plates. The holographic technique uses only spatial features of the propagating waveforms for determination of group velocity, i.e., no absolute amplitude information is necessary. The technique has been applied successfully to materials of different elastic properties and thickness, using the same measurement criterion for each sample. The spatial mapping of transient Lamb waves in plates using full field holographic techniques promises to be both an excellent tool in the characterization of engineering materials, and a means of interrogating composite structures for sub-surface defects, delaminations, and gross anisotropy.
Low-temperature electrical resistivity of transition-metal carbides

Abstract The electrical resistivities of single crystals of ZrC 0.93 , VC 0.88 , NbC 0.95 , and TaC 0.99 were measured from liquid helium temperature to 350 K. The Bloch-Gruneisen theory of electrical resistivity gives a good fit to the zirconium carbide and the vanadium carbide measurements. In contrast, the resistivities of the two superconducting crystals, tantalum carbide and niobium carbide, show excellent agreement with the Wilson model. The appropriate model appears to depend upon the superconducting properties of the crystals.
Simply Impossible: A Case Against Divine Simplicity

Abstract Within contemporary philosophical theology the doctrine of divine simplicity has regained attention. 1 The pertinent literature has increased by several new defenses of the doctrine. 2 One of the more surprising, and troubling, aspects of the contemporary defenses amongst Christian philosophers and theologians is a seeming lack of understanding about how radical the doctrine of divine simplicity truly is. As such, I wish to do a few things in this paper. First, systematically articulate the doctrine of divine simplicity. Second, argue that divine simplicity is not a possible perfection. Third, offer some concluding remarks and highlight remaining issues that will need to be sorted out for the debate over simplicity to meaningfully continue.
Optimum heating system design for compression molds

Compression molding is a widely used method of forming composite materials where long fibers are necessary for strength requirements. Compression molding involves putting the charge through a specific, material dependent temperature and pressure path to induce thermochemical cure. During cure, certain temperatures are required for a time. Spatial variation of the cavity temperature can lengthen time needed for curing and cause voids and residual stresses in the part. Towards the goal of uniform cavity surface temperature, an interactive graphics based computer aided system for compression mold heating design has been developed. The system employs a boundary element method treating long, thin cylindrical electric heating elements as singular line sources. It is coupled with a CONMIN algorithm, a nonlinear constrained minimization procedure to, optimize the heating system for uniform temperature over the cavity surface. Realistic constraints are featured to insure design feasibility. The problem is also decomposed in such a way to allow easy redesign and a sensitivity study. Through the optimization process, it was found that uniformities can be obtained which are far better than anything that could be achieved through common sense.
An Observational Analysis of Provider Adherence to AUA Guidelines on the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Purpose: We retrospectively evaluated urologist adherence to the AUA guidelines on the management of new patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms in a large university urology group.Materials and Methods: All first time benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptom visits to the urology clinic at the Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 were evaluated using an institutionally managed electronic medical record data repository. Clinical documentation and orders from each encounter were assessed to determine the rate of performance of guideline measures. Approximately 1% of all results were manually reviewed in a validation process designed to determine the reliability of the electronic medical record based system.Results: A total of 3,494 eligible encounters were evaluated in the final analysis. Provider adherence rates with the 9 measures recommended in the guidelines varied by measure from 53.0% to 92.8%. Th...
Promiscuous Sulfatase Activity and Thio-Effects in a Phosphodiesterase of the Alkaline Phosphatase Superfamily

The nucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase from Xanthomonas axonopodis (NPP) is a structural and evolutionary relative of alkaline phosphatase that preferentially hydrolyzes phosphate diesters. With the goal of understanding how these two enzymes with nearly identical Zn 2+ bimetallo sites achieve high selectivity for hydrolysis of either phosphate monoesters or diesters, we have measured a promiscuous sulfatase activity in NPP. Sulfate esters are nearly isosteric with phosphate esters but carry less charge, offering a probe of electrostatic contributions to selectivity. NPP exhibits sulfatase activity with kcat/KM value of 2 × 10 -5 M -1 s -1 , similar to the R166S mutant of alkaline phosphatase. We further report the effects of thio-substitution on phosphate monoester and diester reactions. Reactivities with these noncognate substrates illustrate a reduced dependence of NPP reactivity on the charge of the nonbridging oxygen situated between the Zn 2+ ions relative to that in alkaline phosphatase. This reduced charge dependence can explain about 10 2 of the 10 7 -fold differential catalytic proficiency for the most similar monoester and diester substrates in the two enzymes. The results further suggest that active site contacts to substrate oxygen atoms that do not contact the Zn 2+ ions may play an important role in defining the selectivity of the enzymes.
Frank Tannenbaum Reconsidered: Introduction

Frank Tannenbaum (1893–1969) was a man of many parts. He was brought up by immigrant parents on a New England farm, which may explain his sympathy for small farmers. At the same time, however, he embraced the cause of urban workers and became a Wobbly and an anarcho-syndicalist theorist. In fact, Tannenbaum first made a name for himself as an advocate for the unemployed, the homeless, and the imprisoned—the latter after being jailed for his role organizing those at the bottom of United States urban society. Yet he also studied with John Dewey at Columbia University and got a doctorate at the Brookings Institution with a thesis on the Mexican agrarian reform, inaugurating three decades of engagement with the Mexican Revolution. During this time Tannenbaum became the friend and adviser of ministers and presidents.
A CMOS 1 Gb/s 5-Tap Fractionally-Spaced Equalizer

This paper presents the design of a 1 Gb/s 5-tap T/2 fractionally-spaced equalizer. The T/2 delay lines are based on third-order linear-phase double terminated sections that offer a tunable group delay of 500 ps with less than 10% ripple and a 3 dB bandwidth greater than 600 MHz. Furthermore, the equalizer architecture introduces a broadband summing circuit using a transimpedance I/V converter that increases the bandwidth by a factor of 3.6 over a conventional resistive loaded analog adder. The topology's performance is demonstrated in the equalization of 1 Gb/s binary data through CAT5e twisted-pair cables for up to 23 meters. The vertical eye-opening increases from 0% to 58%. Implemented in CMOS 0.35 mum, the transversal equalizer occupies an area of 26 mm2 and consumes 32 mA.
Simplified robot arm dynamics for control

A brief summary and evaluation is presented on the use of symbolic state equation techniques in order to rapresent robot arm dynamics with sufficient accuracy for controlling arm motion. The use of homogeneous transformations and the Lagrangian formulation of mechanics offers a convenient frame for the derivation, analysis and simplification of complex robot dynamics equations. It is pointed out that simplified state equations can represent robot arm dynamics with good accuracy.
E‐Mentoring: A Longitudinal Approach to Mentoring Relationships for Women Pursuing Technical Careers

In recent years, the number of formal mentoring programs has increased dramatically. Mentoring programs that target individuals in underrepresented groups or groups of individuals who, statistically, are not likely to succeed are especially effective. These programs are effective because the mentors provide the proteges with a common community and help them anticipate future decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present an electronic mentoring (E-Mentoring) program designed and established at Northeastern University to provide long-term mentoring experiences for pre-college and college female engineering students. Participants from four different age groups join E-Mentor clubs and develop relationships through regular e-mail communication. Networking socials, scheduled 3–4 times a year, provide the participants an opportunity to interact “face-to-face.” The E-Mentoring program began as a pilot program in the Fall of 1996 within the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and has grown to a college-wide program with approximately 250 participants in the Spring of 1999.
Crustal dynamics research opportunity

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced an opportunity for participation in the Crustal Dynamics Research Program for the analysis and interpretation of geodetic data acquired by NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project through space techniques. These techniques include laser ranging to artificial satellites and the moon (SLR and LLR) and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which uses radio signals emitted by celestial sources. Fixed stations are used, as well as highly mobile stations capable of being moved from site to site in the United States and of being transported to overseas areas. The measurements will be used to determine the positions of the observing sites as a function of time, baseline lengths and baseline directions between stations as a function of time, and measurements of polar motion and earth rotation. The techniques are capable of precisions of a few centimeters over baselines of up to several thousands of kilometers and baseline length changes of 1 cm/yr or better.
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for right heart failure complicating left ventricular assist device use

From 15% to 25% of patients have right heart failure (RHF) develop after left ventricular (LV) assist device (LVAD) placement, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality. Right ventricular (RV) assist devices (RVADs) may support RV function, but they have significant limitations. We describe a novel management strategy of using peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), configured for easy explantation, that may improve RV recovery and reduce mortality and morbidity.
Conjugates of differentiable flows

The work in this paper is directed at the question: What differentiable flows on [0, 1] [1] are conjugates of linear fractional flows on [0, 1]?
Field ionization mass spectrometry—I. Nucleosides

The field ionization mass spectra of a series of nucleosides are reported, and compared with spectra obtained by conventional electron-impact ionization. The latter are complex, with structurally significant molecular ion and sugar cleavage peaks often of low intensity or completely absent. In contrast, the field ion spectra are extremely simple, with all except guanosine (highest mass peak [M — 18]) showing intense molecular ion peaks, and the characteristic sugar (S) and base (B + H) cleavage products as the only other important fragments.
Hydrostatic high-pressure studies to 25 GPa on the model superconducting pnictide LaRu2P2

Prior to the discovery of the Fe-pnictides in 2008, the ruthenium phosphide LaRu2P2 possessed the highest value of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc ≈ 4 K, in the entire pnictide family. Recently, there has been renewed interest in this compound in an effort to better understand why the Fe-pnictides have much higher values of Tc. In related phosphides superconductivity appears to only be present if the separation between the phosphor ions dp−p in neighboring Ru2P2 planes is greater than the critical value 2.8 A, too great for a P-P covalent bond to be formed. For example, in superconducting LaRu2P2, the value of dp−p is 3.0 A. To test these ideas directly, we have carried out hydrostatic high-pressure studies on single-crystalline LaRu2P2 in a diamond-anvil cell using He pressure medium to pressures as high as 25 GPa and temperatures as low as 1.5 K. We find that Tc initially increases under pressure, but suddenly disappears above 2.1 GPa. Since dp−p decreases under pressure, the sudden disappearance of superconductivity is likely due to the formation of a covalent P-P bond between adjacent Ru2P2 planes and a possible structural phase transition.
Role of gamma interferon in controlling murine chlamydial genital tract infection.

Earlier investigations have not shown an important role for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in the early clearance of chlamydial infection from the murine female genital tract. In a model using a human genital isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis in IFN-γ and IFN-γ receptor knockout mice, we were able to demonstrate a major role for IFN-γ in mediating control of infection throughout the course of infection.
The proportional counter array (PCA) instrument for the X-ray timing explorer satellite (XTE)

A large area array of xenon gas filled proportional counters has been developed as the main instrument of the X-ray Timing Explorer (XTE) satellite. The array is composed of 5 independent detectors, each operating in the energy range 2-60 keV. Each detector provides event information timed to 1 microsecond, and a spectral resolution of /spl sim/18% FWHM at 6 keV. This paper will describe the overall design of the detectors and the associated electronics system, their performance, and calibration results. >
Research of Abnormal Target Detection Algorithm in Intelligent Surveillance System

This paper is researched intelligent surveillance system which is based on embedded system platform and wireless communication technology. To overcome interference that coming from small target movement or background light changes, moving target detection algorithm is proposed in this system. Abnormal matters at the monitor area can be detected exactly by analyzing the real time image information, and effective security actions will be taken with corresponding patterns. The experimental results show that the system possesses the advantages of real-time standard, high credibility and practicability.
Hexokinase and phosphatase activities of intestinal mucosa following thyroidectomy and thyroid administration.

The evidence for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as an explanation for the “active” transfer of hexoses across the intestinal and renal epithelium is indirect and complicated by many findings that do not support this theory (1). Since the absorption of hexoses is increased significantly in hyperthyroid animals and humans and decreased in the hypothyroid state (2, 3), it was postulated that if phosphorylation and dephosphorylation were even in part responsible for hexose absorption, corresponding changes might be found in the activities of the enzymes considered to mediate hexose transfer, namely, hexo-kinase and phosphatase. The hexokinase activity of intestinal mucosa was found to increase significantly in thyroid-treated rats and to decrease significantly in thyroidectomized animals. The phosphatase activity of intestinal mucosa, on the other hand, did not differ significantly from that of control animals in either of these conditions. Although the hexokinase activity does change in the same direc...
Dynamics of bioluminescence by Armillaria gallica, A. mellea and A. tabescens

Although fungal bioluminescence is well documented, the ecological significance is poorly understood. We examined bioluminescence by three sympatric species of Armillaria wood decay fungi, differing in parasitic ability. Luminescence by mycelia of four genets of A. gallica, A. mellea and A. tabescens was examined in response to environmental illumination or mechanical disturbance. Luminescence dynamics were assessed in a time series of measurements every 2 min for 72 h for mycelia growing on malt agar or on Cornus florida root wood. Luminescence by the necrotrophic species A. gallica was enhanced by environmental illumination and mechanical disturbance of mycelia. In contrast luminescence by the more parasitic A. mellea and A. tabescens was quenched by prolonged exposure to environmental illumination and less responsive to mechanical disturbance. With environmental illumination absent, all mycelia representing six genets of each Armillaria species were constitutively luminescent. The temporal dynamics of luminescence by all mycelia were complex with no evidence of the previously reported diurnal periodicity. Differences among Armillaria spp. in bioluminescence expression might reflect differences in ecological context as well.
The promise of the future, updated: better outcome tools, greater relevance, more efficient study, lower research costs

Better tools are needed to evaluate our treatments for rheumatic diseases. The long-overdue patient-reported outcome measurement information system project is a NIH roadmap initiative to build better instruments for measuring patient-reported outcomes through use of item banking, item response theory and computerized adaptive testing. The resulting tools are intended to supplant current standards, such as the health assessment questionnaire and the SF-36, and will enable greater study power with reduced sample sizes, as well as integrating greater relevance to the patient into the measures. In some part of early prehistory, it was noticed that clinical studies required ‘dependent variables’ by which to judge the study results. In complex chronic illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), such dependent variables need to provide summary end points and to reflect the values of patients as well as health professionals. Under the medical model, dependent variables were traditionally typified by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the number of swollen or tender joints as counted by a physician. Curiously, these dependent variables were accepted as a matter of faith and were very rarely an object of study. Had they been studied, it would have been easily observed that there was an extraordinary amount of noise in these variables, with great variability in repeated measurements, between observers, between the same observer on different days, and across laboratories. The ESR and the joint counts are simply not very reproducible. It would have been observed just as easily that the ESR or joint counts did not correlate
The Influence of Social Status on the Uses of Television

As enough time has elapsed by now for television to become a standard communication feature in the home, it is important to see how it has been incorporated into the home life and used as an instrument of socialization as well as entertainment by parents. In this article questions on viewing habits, program preferences and the use of television as an instrument of reward and punishment were asked of pairs of parent and child in two different social statuses. At the time of the study Dr. Albert was assistant professor at Boston University (now at Massachusetts Mental Health Center) and Mr. Meline was a graduate student at Boston University (now in the Army).
VASP is a CXCR2-interacting protein that regulates CXCR2-mediated polarization and chemotaxis.

Chemotaxis regulates the recruitment of leukocytes, which is integral for a number of biological processes and is mediated through the interaction of chemokines with seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Several studies have indicated that chemotactic signaling pathways might be activated via G-protein-independent mechanisms, perhaps through novel receptor-interacting proteins. CXCR2 is a major chemokine receptor expressed on neutrophils. We used a proteomics approach to identify unique ligand-dependent CXCR2-interacting proteins in differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Using this approach, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) was identified as a CXCR2-interacting protein. The interaction between CXCR2 and VASP is direct and enhanced by CXCL8 stimulation, which triggers VASP phosphorylation via PKA- and PKCδ-mediated pathways. The interaction between CXCR2 and VASP requires free F-actin barbed ends to recruit VASP to the leading edge. Finally, knockdown of VASP in HL-60 cells results in severely impaired CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis and polarization. These data provide the first demonstration that direct interaction of VASP with CXCR2 is essential for proper CXCR2 function and demonstrate a crucial role for VASP in mediating chemotaxis in leukocytes.
Indigenous Women College Students' Perspectives on College, Work, and Family.

Native American and First Nations (herein collectively referred to as Indigenous) women college students are faced with the challenge of balancing their cultural imperatives and the demands of the dominant Western culture in family, school, and work/employment roles. In order to explore these women’s experiences and perspectives, this study analyzed unstructured qualitative interviews of 11 Native American and 9 First Nations female college students. The themes that resulted from the hermeneutic analysis were (a) honoring Indigenous culture and community, (b) living in two worlds, (c) pursuing individual fulfillment and goals, and (d) acknowledging the importance and influence of family.
Revisiting the Relation between Factors Like CEO’S Tenure and Age with CEO Compensation and Corporate Performance

The results of this paper add significant contributions to the earlier findings that investigated various incentives to CEO’s, contingent on future returns. This paper chooses a long time horizon, and revisits the challenges of aligning CEO Compensation with Performance and Shareholders’ best interests in a dynamic and changing environment keeping in view regulations such as Sarbanes Oxley Act and in various economic macro conditions. The findings presented here show a time varying relationship and uneven effectiveness of various performance and compensation matrix packages in addressing the agency problems and enhancing performance. In fact, the paper finds that while somewhat effective in some circumstances, the results vary across time and incentives need to be reconsidered along the CEO’s Career and economic externalities. The findings presented here also confirm that CEOs who have passed the early probation test of time by having a sizeable tenure and have gained skills to develop and lead the firm and its business have a stronger relationship between compensation and firm performance. However, this in turn also might lead to entrenchment and ability to influence board support for higher compensation packages less connected to performance. Hence, the connection is nonlinear and not systemic, which might explain the low positive connectivity in the aggregate. The relatively low statistical relationships between compensation and firm performance for the whole sample overall leave room for concerns about the limited extent of their effectiveness.
A molecular basis for intrinsic muscle properties: Implications for motor control

Motor control comprises not only descending input from the nervous system and proprioceptive feedback, but also muscle viscoelastic properties, body dynamics, and interactions with the environment. Proprioceptive sense organs and spinal reflexes regulate muscle stiffness dynamically during perturbations. In addition to these slower acting reflexes, the nonlinear, viscoelastic behavior of muscles also provides instantaneous dynamic tuning of stiffness during load perturbations. Despite recognition of the contribution of these muscle properties to motor control, a theoretical framework that accounts for them has remained largely undeveloped. We recently proposed a novel molecular mechanism, the “winding filament” hypothesis, which accounts for the viscoelastic properties of active muscle. This hypothesis proposes that the giant, elastic titin protein is first engaged mechanically during Ca2+ activation in skeletal muscle, and the cross-bridges then wind titin on the thin filaments, storing elastic potential energy during force development. Mechanical engagement of the titin spring upon Ca2+ activation provides a mechanism by which nearly invariant contractile and viscoelastic properties can be produced regardless of the initial sarcomere length at which the muscles are activated. Winding of titin on the thin filaments with force development changes a muscle’s equilibrium position and stiffness as a function of muscle recruitment. These changes, in turn, produce forces that move the limbs to their final position regardless of unexpected perturbations. By adjusting their stiffness instantaneously to changes in load, muscles themselves control interactions between body and environment, and manage interactions between antagonistic muscles, which interact via their loads. By providing a biological mechanism for muscle intrinsic properties, the winding filament hypothesis provides inspiration for the design of a new generation of actuators and prostheses that, like muscles, will exhibit self-stabilization based on variable, nonlinear compliance.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Gastrointestinal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although one or more opportunistic infections are often found in these patients, there is a subgroup in which no pathogens are found despite extensive clinical and pathological evaluation. The two major entities associated with HIV in the absence of other demonstrable pathogens, chronic idiopathic esophageal ulcers and AIDS enteropathy/colopathy, will be discussed here.
Continuous Functions Without Derivatives

(1952). Continuous Functions Without Derivatives. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 222-225.
Solid-state, optical-rotation measurements on macromolecules using powder-suspensions

We report techniques for measuring optical rotation of suspended solids, including dissymmetric molecular crystals (e.g. sodium chlorate and bromate), synthetic polymers, polypeptides and biopolymers. Examples include poly(triphenylmethyl methacrylate), poly-S-lactide, poly-L-hydroxyproline, hemocyanine, cellulose acetate andRNA. The results indicate that optical rotation measurements are sensitive to differences in secondary structure and can serve as a probe for structural differences between solid-state and solution.
First observation of 60Ge and 64Se

Abstract Two new neutron-deficient isotopes, 60Ge and 64Se, were observed for the first time. They were produced by projectile fragmentation of a 140-MeV/nucleon 78Kr primary beam on a beryllium target. The secondary fragments were unambiguously identified after separation in the A1900 fragment separator. The nucleus 60Ge corresponds to the heaviest isotone of the N = 28 neutron shell and it is most likely the last isotone to be observed. Lower limits of 110 and 180 ns were extracted for the half-life of 60Ge and 64Se, respectively. No events of 59Ga or 63As have been observed, providing very strong evidence that these nuclei are unbound with respect to proton emission. This non-observation implies an upper limit for the half-life of 43 ns for 59Ga and 63As.
On the form and strength of trees: Part I. The trunk

The theory of strength of materials and known experimental relations between the strength and the specific gravity of green wood are used to derive relations between some geometric characteristics of the tree
Investigation and Handling of a Public Health Emergency Caused by Sharing Lancents at Somewhere

[Objectives]Based on the investigation and handling of a public health emergency caused by sharing lancents, to exchange the disposal ideas and methods of special public health emergencies.[Methods]The investigation and handling was carried out with field epidemiological investigation, serological detection, post-exposure protection guidance and education.[Results]The tracing observation was performed among 76 students who were probably exposed to blood-borne pathogens by sharing lancents, and there was no infection case after a maximum latent period.[Conclusion]After sharps injuries happened, the time and content of tracing observation, infection situation should be identified rapidly, and the measures, including screening, emergency intervention, tracing observation and education, should be carried out timely.
Dam Deformation Characteristic Analysis of Letan Hydropower Station in Operation Period

Based on the prototype monitoring,the temporal and spatial distribution rules of the dam deformation of Letan Hydropower Station in operation period are analyzed and evaluated by combining the measured values with the theoretical derivation.The displacement analysis show that the deformation values and change magnitudes on top of the dam are much higher than that on the bottom,and the temperature is the key factor to impact the dam deformation in the analysis period.The settlements on top of the dam in winter are higher than that in summer.The settlements along the dam axis appear irregular U-style distribution,settlements of dam blocks in the center are bigger than that of dam blocks on both sides.The horizontal displacements on top of the dam move to the upstream in summer,and move to the downstream in winter.The horizontal displacements along the dam axis appear irregular W-style distribution,which is related to the structures of different dam blocks.According to the deflection analysis,the horizontal displacements of the dam decrease with the decrease of the elevation,the decay rate on the top is much higher than that on the bottom and the deformation of the base is very small and stable.In conclusion,the temporal and spatial distribution rules of the dam deformation are normal,and the dam is in safety.
War and the Severing of the ‘Pink Link’

For all its internationalist spirit, collaboration between British and German mapmakers could not survive the reality of open military conflict between the European powers. Like the utopian International World Map project, the close and profitable Anglo-German cartographic freemasonry ‘foundered on the rocks of entrenched national antipathy and suspicion’ exposed by the First World War; and the spirit of international cooperation which had been growing stronger in the cartographic world ‘lay in ruins’ by August 1914.1 The outbreak of war between Britain and Germany caught many in the commercial cartographic business off guard. Thomas Barker, Bartholomew’s printing manager (and a future director of the firm), was in Berlin when the crisis developed, and was trapped there for an unknown period full of ’anxiety and worry’ at his situation.2 Barker’s German-born wife, Marie-Louise, related to John George her husband’s ‘fearful state’ and his concern that he could not renew his business with the firm.3 Both Barkers viewed the war as ‘so uncalled for’, and for all the other cartographers maintaining close interpersonal and professional relationships across the North Sea, it must have been greatly upsetting.4 James Geikie, the noted geologist and a prominent enthusiast for German poetry and scientific thought, was no doubt expressing a widespread feeling when he remarked to his friend John George Bartholomew that ‘[t]his abominable war has upset everything and caused the very name of German to stink’.5
Stepwise Assembly and Characterization of DNA Linked Two-Color Quantum Dot Clusters.

The DNA-mediated self-assembly of multicolor quantum dot (QD) clusters via a stepwise approach is described. The CdSe/ZnS QDs were synthesized and functionalized with an amphiphilic copolymer, followed by ssDNA conjugation. At each functionalization step, the QDs were purified via gradient ultracentrifugation, which was found to remove excess polymer and QD aggregates, allowing for improved conjugation yields and assembly reactivity. The QDs were then assembled and disassembled in a stepwise manner at a ssDNA functionalized magnetic colloid, which provided a convenient way to remove unreacted QDs and ssDNA impurities. After assembly/disassembly, the clusters’ optical characteristics were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and the assembly morphology and stoichiometry was imaged via electron microscopy. The results indicate that a significant amount of QD-to-QD energy transfer occurred in the clusters, which was studied as a function of increasing acceptor-to-donor ratios, resulting in increased QD accep...
Congenital lobar emphysema resulting from bronchial sling around a normal right main pulmonary artery

A 5-month-old female infant was transferred to our institution for evaluation of recurrent upper respiratory tract symptoms and chest x-ray films showing hyperaeration of the right upper lobe. Preoperative studies including chest fluoroscopy, lung scan, and bronchoscopy suggested congenital lobar emphysema. At thoracotomy, an anomalous right upper lobe bronchus which bifurcated around the main pulmonary artery in a sling fashion was found. This anatomic abnormality has not been described previously and is a unique cause of congenital lobar emphysema.
Storytelling Across Generations: A Collaborative Autoethnography

In this article, the authors use autoethnographic sketches to explore storytelling across generations. Particular attention is devoted to storytelling as a coping mechanism across life’s many learn...
Neutrinos in an expanding Universe

The Universe contains several billion neutrinos for each nucleon. In this paper, we follow the history of these relic neutrinos as the Universe expanded. At present, their typical velocity is a few hundred km/s and, therefore, their spectra are affected by gravitational forces. This may have led to a phenomenon that could explain two of todays great mysteries: The large-scale structure of the Universe and the increasing rate at which it expands.
Backgating characteristics of 0.1µm gate In0.3Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As/InP MODFETs with Er-Doped In0.52Al0.48As buffer layer

Extremely low backgating currents ( approximately 30-40 mu A) are measured in 0.1 mu m gate In/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/InP MODFETs having a new buffer layer material, Er-doped In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As, grown at 500 degrees C by MBE. Rare-earth doped GaAs and the lattice-matched ternary have resistivity approximately 10/sup 2/-10/sup 5/ Omega -cm depending on Er-doping level.
An exploration of co‐parenting in the context of caring for a child prenatally diagnosed and born with a complex health condition

Aim To describe co-parenting communication in couples in the context of caregiving for children prenatally diagnosed and born with complex health conditions. Background Fetal diagnosis of complex health conditions such as heart, central nervous system, or abdominal anomalies are confirmed more often than ever before. Following diagnosis, parents face challenges beginning before birth. The quality of co-parenting, when two individuals relate to each other as parents and share parental responsibilities, can have an impact on child health and development. Yet little is known about co-parenting during the transition to parenthood after fetal diagnosis. Design This secondary analysis of interview data was informed by Bowlby's theoretical work on a parent's view of self as caregiver and the literature on co-parenting. Methods Data were drawn from a larger, mixed methods, longitudinal study and included audio-recorded interviews conducted with 16 parents participating as eight couples after fetal diagnosis during the third trimester of pregnancy in 2011-2012 and again when children were 14-37 months old in 2014. Analysis of interviews transcribed verbatim focused on co-parenting communication. Findings Co-parenting communication regarding support, agreement and information sharing and a new category of shared meaning were related to the diagnosis before birth. Later, couples evolved in their co-parenting communication while caring for their toddlers and working toward achieving a sense of normalcy. Conclusion Variation in co-parenting communication among couples preparing and caring for children with complex health conditions, including the development of a shared meaning of the child's diagnosis, needs further investigation to inform nursing assessment and guide tailored interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Following Expert's Eyes: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Gaze-Based Training Intervention on Young Drivers' Latent Hazard Anticipation Skills

A PC-based training program (RAPT; Pradhan et al., 2009), proven effective for improving young novice drivers’ hazard anticipation skills, does not improve the hazard anticipation performance of young drivers to ceiling despite the use of similar scenarios in both the training program and the evaluation drives. The current driving simulator experiment examined the effects of expert eye movement videos that demonstrated correct hazard anticipation, following RAPT-training on young drivers’ hazard anticipation performance. The results indicate that viewing the expert eye movement videos following the completion of RAPT can further increase the hazard anticipation ability of young drivers on subsequent evaluation drives. The results imply that videos of expert eye movements, if used appropriately, can help young drivers effectively map and integrate the knowledge gained in a training program within dynamic driving environments involving latent hazards.
Nutrient Mapping and Recurrence of Coastal Upwelling Centers by Satellite Remote Sensing: Its Implication to Primary Production and the Sediment Record

Satellite infrared (IR) images of the eastern North Pacific show surface thermal features which appear to be mesoscale eddies and fronts within the California Current and coastal upwelling zone. Coordinated satellite and shipboard measurements show that some of these are produced by interaction between the California Current and wind-induced upwelling near points and capes along the coastal boundary. The process of coastal upwelling as viewed from space is unlike the simple structure expected from classical concepts and may develop a cyclonic circulation, an anticyclonic circulation, or surface flows which extend far offshore as giant cold water plumes embedded in the California Current. Observations of a cyclonic upwelling system off Point Sur, California, show that these recurrent injections of nutrient-rich, cold waters produce the same distinctive structure in the nutrient field. When present, microplankton concentrate in the sharp thermal and nutrient fronts that define these systems. The combined effect of the distinctive advective process and redistribution of nutrients is a significant factor in determining the distribution of primary production and biological patchiness along the coast and in the California Current system. Since ships are too slow to synoptically study these large and rapidly changing upwelling systems, phytoplankton distribution and the nutrient structure of the sea surface is inferred from satellites. By calibrating satellite infrared data against in situ nutrient measurements, sea surface nutrient maps can be produced so that estimates of the true nutrient distribution and potential sites of biological activity can be made. Satellite ocean color imagery shows this relationship between chlorophyll-biomass blooms and sharp nutrient gradients. This upwelling center appears to operate like a “natural chemostat.” Such recurrent upwelling at favored locations along the coastal boundary may be reflected in the sediment record.
From Commutative Algebras to GCR Algebras

In this chapter we will work out the representation theory of separable GCR algebras. The basic results, appearing at the end of Section 4.3, are presented so as to obviously generalize the results of Section 2.2 which classify normal operators and representations of abelian C*-algebras. But in contrast with the commutative case, it is necessary here to make essential use of the material on Borel structures from Chapter 3.
The Association of the Broader Autism Phenotype with Emotion-Related Behaviors in Mothers of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Traits

Broader autism phenotype (BAP) characteristics (pragmatic language deficits, aloofness, and rigidity) are prevalent in families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may influence emotion-related behaviors. The current study analyzed associations among BAP characteristics with emotion-related behaviors in mothers of children with and without ASD. Twenty-seven mothers completed BAP and emotion regulation (ER) questionnaires. Maternal affect was coded during an interaction task. BAP rigidity negatively correlated with the ER strategy reappraisal. BAP total and pragmatic scores positively correlated with observed negative affect. Associations remained significant in step-wise regressions that controlled for other BAPQ subscale scores. Findings suggest that pragmatic difficulties may interfere with positive mother-child interactions and mothers with high rigidity may benefit from learning adaptive ER strategies.