cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Folded Configuration of a Fiber Sagnac-Based Sensor Array

Abstract We introduce a folded configuration of a previously described Sagnac interferometer-based sensor array. It is shown that the folded configuration lessens the detrimental effects of distributed phase modulations in the delay coil while also reducing the required delay coil length by a factor of 2. A prototype two-sensor array was constructed and measured to perform according to theory, exhibiting a phase sensitivity of roughly 3 μrad/ Hz in a single-port detection configuration and 0.8 μrad/ Hz in a balanced detection configuration. The desensitization of the delay coil was measured to agree with theory.
FK506 vs. cyclosporin: pathologic findings in 1067 endomyocardial biopsies.

Introduction: Whether FK506 or cyclosporin is better for chronic immunosuppression in heart transplant patients has been debated. We examined endomyocardial biopsies from patients treated with these two drugs to determine if there was a difference in frequency of histologic cellular rejection episodes and Quilty lesions. The Quilty lesion (AKA cyclosporin effect) may be an atypical form of rejection, and is thought to be related to the use of cyclosporin immunosuppression. Methods: We reviewed 1067 endomyocardial biopsies from 65 patients who were assigned FK506 or cyclosporin after heart transplantation. Results: The number of episodes of rejection (162 FK506 vs. 145 cyclosporin) was the same. However, when compared to cyclosporin treatment, FK506 was associated with significantly more Quilty A lesions and fewer Quilty B lesions. Conclusion: FK506 appears to prevent some Quilty A lesions from progressing to Quilty B lesions. Since Quilty B lesion is associated with myocyte injury and Quilty A is not, this effect of FK506 could be associated with improved long-term graft function. D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Efficient exact set-similarity joins

Given two input collections of sets, a set-similarity join (SSJoin) identifies all pairs of sets, one from each collection, that have high similarity. Recent work has identified SSJoin as a useful primitive operator in data cleaning. In this paper, we propose new algorithms for SSJoin. Our algorithms have two important features: They are exact, i.e., they always produce the correct answer, and they carry precise performance guarantees. We believe our algorithms are the first to have both features; previous algorithms with performance guarantees are only probabilistically approximate. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms using a thorough experimental evaluation over real-life and synthetic data sets.
Acrylamide-induced carcinogenicity in mouse lung involves mutagenicity: cII gene mutations in the lung of big blue mice exposed to acrylamide and glycidamide for up to 4 weeks.

Potential health risks for humans from exposure to acrylamide (AA) and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide (GA) have garnered much attention lately because substantial amounts of AA are present in a variety of fried and baked starchy foods. AA is tumorigenic in rodents, and a large number of in vitro
Targeting HER-2/neu in early breast cancer development using dendritic cells with staged interleukin-12 burst secretion.

Overexpression of HER-2/neu (c-erbB2) is associated with increased risk of recurrent disease in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and a poorer prognosis in node-positive breast cancer. We therefore examined the early immunotherapeutic targeting of HER-2/neu in DCIS. Before surgical resection, HER-2/neupos DCIS patients (n = 13) received 4 weekly vaccinations of dendritic cells pulsed with HER-2/neu HLA class I and II peptides. The vaccine dendritic cells were activated in vitro with IFN-γ and bacterial lipopolysaccharide to become highly polarized DC1-type dendritic cells that secrete high levels of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). Intranodal delivery of dendritic cells supplied both antigenic stimulation and a synchronized preconditioned burst of IL-12p70 production directly to the anatomic site of T-cell sensitization. Before vaccination, many subjects possessed HER-2/neu–HLA-A2 tetramer-staining CD8pos T cells that expressed low levels of CD28 and high levels of the inhibitory B7 ligand CTLA-4, but this ratio inverted after vaccination. The vaccinated subjects also showed high rates of peptide-specific sensitization for both IFN-γ–secreting CD4pos (85%) and CD8pos (80%) T cells, with recognition of antigenically relevant breast cancer lines, accumulation of T and B lymphocytes in the breast, and induction of complement-dependent, tumor-lytic antibodies. Seven of 11 evaluable patients also showed markedly decreased HER-2/neu expression in surgical tumor specimens, often with measurable decreases in residual DCIS, suggesting an active process of “immunoediting” for HER-2/neu–expressing tumor cells following vaccination. DC1 vaccination strategies may therefore have potential for both the prevention and the treatment of early breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1842–52]
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Alkyl‐α‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Zinc Complex

A dinuclear zinc-ProPhenol catalyst enables highly enantioselective nitro-Michael reactions with oxazol-4(5H)-ones as nucleophilic substrates (see scheme, Nap = 2-naphthyl). This work highlights the utility of the ProPhenol family of ligands. The modular nature of these ligands proved crucial in the optimization of reaction conditions to achieve excellent stereoselectivities.
Impact of Freeway Geometric and Incident Characteristics on Incident Detection

The potential improvement in incident detection can be achieved by examining the major factors that may influence incident rates and incident detection rates. The subsections of the central I-4 corridor were grouped by geometric characteristics including horizontal alignment (straight or curved) and vertical alignment (upgrade, level, or downgrade); and also by presence of ramps (on-ramps, off-ramps, or none). It was found that subsections with off-ramps have significantly higher incident rate and incident detection rate than subsections with on-ramps or with no ramps. It was also found that upgrade subsections have significantly higher incident rate than level or downgrade subsections. However, no significant difference in incident detection rate was found between these subsections. Based on the study results and to improve performance of incident detection algorithms on I-4, the subsections were regrouped by two factors: horizontal alignment and presence of ramps.
Developmental Exposure to Xenoestrogens at Low Doses Alters Femur Length and Tensile Strength in Adult Mice

Developmental exposure to high doses of the synthetic xenoestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been reported to alter femur length and strength in adult mice. However, it is not known if developmental exposure to low, environmentally relevant doses of xenoestrogens alters adult bone geometry and strength. In this study we investigated the effects of developmental exposure to low doses of DES, bisphenol A (BPA), or ethinyl estradiol (EE(2)) on bone geometry and torsional strength. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DES, 0.1 μg/kg/day, BPA, 10 μg/kg/day, EE(2), 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μg/kg/day, or vehicle from Gestation Day 11 to Postnatal Day 12 via a mini-osmotic pump in the dam. Developmental Xenoestrogen exposure altered femoral geometry and strength, assessed in adulthood by micro-computed tomography and torsional strength analysis, respectively. Low-dose EE(2), DES, or BPA increased adult femur length. Exposure to the highest dose of EE(2) did not alter femur length, resulting in a nonmonotonic dose response. Exposure to EE(2) and DES but not BPA decreased tensile strength. The combined effect of increased femur length and decreased tensile strength resulted in a trend toward decreased torsional ultimate strength and energy to failure. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of xenoestrogens may negatively impact bone length and strength in adulthood.
Environments and Diagenesis, Morrow Sandstones, Cimarron County, Oklahoma: ABSTRACT

Detailed investigations of Morrow Sandstones in Cimarron County, Oklahoma, provide a bird's-eye view of problems encountered during regional exploration, production, and completion practices over a wide area from New Mexico to Kansas. The generally poor lateral and vertical control of sand distribution can be improved through a detailed knowledge of environments of deposition. Frequent formation damage because of poor completion procedures can be largely prevented through an understanding of Morrow sandstone diagenesis. Morrow sandstones in Cimarron County form two distinct reservoirs. Type 1 reservoirs are thick (10 to 50 ft or 3 to 15 m), porous (20 to 23%), permeable (47 to 236 md), and very coarse grained (0.83 mm). These reservoirs are fan-shaped, being less than 1 mi (1.6 km) wide at the apex (on the northwest) and 4 mi (6.4 km) wide at the southeastern edge. Sand thickness is greatest at the center of the body. These sands were deposited in the estuarine portions of a braided fluvial system. Type 2 reservoirs are thin (generally less than 20 ft or 6 m), have relatively low porosities (4 to 20%) and permeabilities (3 to 100 md), and are fine grained (0.24 mm). These reservoirs are discontinuous, lenticular, elongate units which trend at approximately right angles (NE-SW) to the Type 1 reservoirs. Maximum width is 1 mi (1.6 km); maximum length is of the order of several miles. These sands were deposited in lower tidal-flat and shallow, offshore-marine environments, as beaches and bars. Once the reservoir has been discovered, it is vital that completion practices be tailored to the specific rock composition. Failure to do this may result in serious formation damage, and the bypassing of potential production. Problems characteristic of these sands include: (1) a migration of fines, (2) extreme acid sensitivity, and (3) possible water sensitivity. The sand composition may often require a multistage acid job with KCl flushes. Hydrofluoric acid should not be used unless the detailed sand composition has been determined by thin-section analysis. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2118------------
AGWA: The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment Tool to Inform Rangeland Management

AGWA: The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment Tool to Inform Rangeland Management DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v33i4_goodrich
Cellulose in Purified Diets for Chicks

Abstract DAVIS and Briggs (1947) reported that the addition of cellulose to a typical purified diet for chicks produces a significant increase in the growth of these animals. Hoelzel and Carlson (1947) suggested that the addition of cellulose, which they consider an inert material, has the effect of increasing the proportions of fat, protein, and other constituents in the diet and that the growth response obtained may be explained on this basis. This interpretation has been questioned by Davis and Briggs (1948) and Guerrant (1948). It has been observed here that the addition of 4 percent casein to a purified diet containing 18 percent casein, 10 percent gelatin, and 0.3 percent cystine produces a growth response in chicks. Previous work by Briggs, Luckey, Elvehjem and Hart (1943) and Lepp, Moore, Elvehjem and Hart (1947) has demonstrated that supplementation of a purified diet with vitamin C and additional pteroylglutamic acid may also . . .
Medical Student and Patient Attitudes Toward Religion and Spirituality in the Recovery Process

This study compares the views on spirituality of dually diagnosed patients (diagnosed with both substance abuse and general psychiatric disorders) and medical students in order to investigate their respective orientations toward spirituality and their views of the importance of spirituality in the treatment of addiction. We administered a modified version of Feagin's “Orientation to Life and God Scale” to assess religious and spiritual orientation in both the patients and students. A second series of items was developed and administered in order to compare the patients' and students perceptions of the relative importance of a religious and spiritual orientation in substance abuse treatment. A third series of items was also given to compare the nature of religious and health-related services on the inpatient unit that patients and students most wanted to see improved. We found that the medical students responsible for treating substance abuse are significantly less religiously and spiritually oriented than...
Selective concentration in liver and thoracic duct lymph of anticancer drugs by hepatic outflow block.

Abstract 1. 1. Selective lymphatic uptake of agents infused via the hepatic artery was achieved by the dual use of temporary hepatic outflow block and hepatic artery perfusion. A tenfold increase in thoracic duct lymph of C 14 HN 2 and C 14 5-FU was found using this technic. 2. 2. Significant uptake of C 14 HN 2 was found in hepatic parenchyma and hepatic lymph nodes one week after hepatic artery infusion with outflow block.
Estimation of Simultaneous Switching Noise From Frequency-Domain Impedance Response of Resonant Power Distribution Networks

Simultaneous switching noise can significantly impact the performance of high-speed systems and needs to be accurately analyzed. The simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) transient simulation with transistor circuits, packages, and boards is the most accurate method but may require a huge computer resource and a long simulation time. Hence, an estimation method of the simultaneous switching noise from the frequency-domain impedance of power distribution networks was presented in this paper. The estimation method can quickly but still accurately calculate the simultaneous switching noise. The estimation method is validated by SPICE transient simulations with transistor models for both the terminated and unterminated systems. In high-speed systems, the difference between the estimation and the worst noise of the transient simulations is less than 20%.
Palaecysta gen. nov., the greatest Systematophora imposter no more: introducing a lineage of latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Tithonian-Hauterivian) dinoflagellate cysts from Madagascar

A lineage of latest Jurassic-Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts possessing arcuate process clusters from Madagascar is described. The lineage has helped to reveal the true identity of a group of skolochorate dinoflagellate cysts, bearing numerous long processes and process clusters, which have been reported as species of Systematophora. The revelation is that that group does not belong to Systematophora, but affiliates with the Madagascan lineage. A new genus, Palaecysta, is proposed. Seven new species: P. integra (type species), P. crispabaculata, P. foveoreticulata, P. melakyensis, P. morondavaensis, P. pectita and P. virgae; eight new subspecies: P. integra subsp. digitata, P. integra subsp. mahajangaensis, P. crispabaculata subsp. delicata, P. foveoreticulata subsp. madagascarensis, P. palmula subsp. ankamotraensis, P. pectita subsp. merinai, P. virgae subsp. externa and P. virgae subsp. lanceolata; and three new combinations: P. complicata (Neale & Sarjeant, 1962), P. palmula (Davey, 1982) and P. ...
In Search of Cultural Themes and Their Expressions in the Dynamics of Classroom Life.

This qualitative study investigates the existence of cultural themes in classrooms serving low-income African American students. A classification scheme categorizing classroom dynamics that evidenced cultural themes is developed and used to record teachers and students'behaviors. Four hundred sixty classroom observations are specified to either a mainstream or Afrocultural ethos. Results support the home-school cultural misalignment argument. There are more observations of mainstream classroom behaviors than Afrocultural ones. Mainstream cultural themes emerge from teacher-initiated behaviors, whereas Afrocultural themes are most often recorded as student-initiated behaviors. Instrumentation limitations and implications of the observed cultural dissonance between teachers and students’ behaviors are discussed.
Ultra-high strain ceramics with multiple field-induced phase transitions

The induced polarization and longitudinal strain behavior of lanthanum- and titanium-modified antiferroelectric lead zirconate ceramics were measured as functions of electric field as high as 30 kV/mrn (300 kV/cm). Two field-induced phase transitions were observed, both in polarization and strain. Polarization and strain levels greater than 0.5 C/m2 and 0.75%, respectively, were achieved in this materials family.
Performance analysis of an mimo channel esimator based on superimposed training and first-order statistics

Channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) time-invariant channels using superimposed training is considered. Recently in X. Meng and J.K. Tugnait (2004), the first-order statistics-based approach of J.K. Tugnait and Weilin Luo (2003) was extended to multiuser systems (where semiblind versions using linear MMSE equalizers or Viterbi detectors were also presented). In this paper we present a performance analysis of the approach of X. Meng and J.K. Tugnait (2004) to obtain a closed-form expression for the channel estimation variance. We then address the issue of superimposed training power allocation for complex Gaussian random (Rayleigh) channels for MIMO systems arising from spatial multiplexing of a single user signal. Illustrative simulation examples are provided
Automatically checking an implementation against its formal specification

We propose checking the execution of an abstract data type's imperative implementation against its algebraic specification. An explicit mapping from implementation states to abstract values is added to the imperative code. The form of specification allows mechanical checking of desirable properties such as consistency and completeness, particularly when operations are added incrementally to the data type. During unit testing, the specification serves as a test oracle. Any variance between computed and specified values is automatically detected. When the module is made part of some application, the checking can he removed, or may remain in place for further validating the implementation. The specification, executed by rewriting, can be thought of as itself an implementation with maximum design diversity, and the validation as a form of multiversion-programming comparison.
High Free-Steam Turbulence Effects on Endwall Heat Transfer for a Gas Turbine Stator Vane

High freestream turbulence along a gas turbine airfoil and strong secondary flows along the endwall have both been reported to significantly increase convective heat transfer. This study superimposes high freestream turbulence on the naturally occurring secondary flow vortices to determine the effects on the flowfield and the endwall convective heat transfer. Measured flowfield and heat transfer data were compared between low freestream turbulence levels (0.6%) and combustor simulated turbulence levels (19.5%) that were generated using an active grid. These experiments were conducted using a scaled-up, first stage stator vane geometry. Infrared thermography was used to measure surface temperatures on a constant heat flux plate placed on the endwall surface. Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) measurements were performed of all three components of the mean and fluctuating velocities of the leading edge horse-shoe vortex. The results indicate that the mean flowfields for the leading edge horseshoe vortex were similar between the low and high freestream turbulence cases. High turbulence levels in the leading edge-endwall juncture were attributed to a vortex unsteadiness for both the low and high freestream tubulence cases. While, in general, the high freestream turbulence increased the endwall heat transfer, low augmentations were found to coincide with the regions having the most intense vortex motions.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
A Universal Selective Harmonic Elimination Method for High-Power Inverters

In medium-/high-power inverters, optimal pulse-width modulation (OPWM) is often used to reduce the switching frequency and at the same time, realize selective harmonic elimination (SHE). For both two-level and multilevel inverters, most selective harmonic elimination (SHE) studies are based on solving multiple variable high-order nonlinear equations. Furthermore, for multilevel inverters, SHE has been often studied based on the assumption of balanced dc levels and single switching per level. In this paper, the authors further developed harmonics injection and equal area criteria-based four-equation method to realize OPWM for two-level inverters and multilevel inverters with unbalanced dc sources. For the cases, where only small number of voltage levels are available, weight oriented junction point distribution is utilized to enhance the performance of the four-equation method. A case study of multilevel inverter at low-modulation index is used as an example. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method does not involve complex equation groups and is much easier to be utilized in the case of large number of switching angles, or multiple switching angles per voltage level in multilevel inverters.
A Fully Automated Method for Discovering Community Structures in High Dimensional Data

Identifying modules, or natural communities, in large complex networks is fundamental in many fields, including social sciences, biological sciences and engineering. Recently several methods have been developed to automatically identify communities from complex networks by optimizing the modularity function. The advantage of this type of approaches is that the algorithm does not require any parameter to be tuned. However, the modularity-based methods for community discovery assume that the network structure is given explicitly and is correct. In addition, these methods work best if the network is unweighted and/or sparse. In reality, networks are often not directly defined, or may be given as an affinity matrix. In the first case, each node of the network is defined as a point in a high dimensional space and different networks can be obtained with different network construction methods, resulting in different community structures. In the second case, an affinity matrix may define a dense weighted graph, for which modularity-based methods do not perform well. In this work, we propose a very simple algorithm to automatically identify community structures from these two types of data. Our approach utilizes a k-nearest-neighbor network construction method to capture the topology embedded in high dimensional data, and applies a modularity-based algorithm to identify the optimal community structure. A key to our approach is that the network construction is incorporated with the community identification process and is totally parameter-free. Furthermore, our method can suggest appropriate pre-processing / normalization of the data to improve the results of community identification. We tested our methods on several synthetic and real data sets, and evaluated its performance by internal or external accuracy indices. Compared with several existing approaches, our method is not only fully automatic, but also has the best accuracy overall.
Complications of Radical and Partial Nephrectomy in a Large Contemporary Cohort

ABSTRACTPurpose: Standardized criteria for reporting the early complications of urological procedures are lacking. We reviewed the early complications of radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN) in a large contemporary cohort using a standardized complication grading scale.Materials and Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, 1,049 patients underwent RN (66%) or PN (34%) for renal cortical neoplasm. Records were reviewed for perioperative complications. Complications were graded using a 5-tiered scale based on the severity of impact or intensity of therapy required.Results: A total of 235 complications occurred in 180 patients (17%). Overall 55% and 31% of complications were grade I and grade II, respectively. There were 3 perioperative deaths (0.2%). PN was not associated with more complications compared to RN when accounting for other variables. PN cases had more procedure related complications compared to RN (9% versus 3%, respectively, p = 0.0001) due to complications of urinary leak and the rein...
Behavioral Science and the Juvenile Death Penalty

Behavioral science data included in an amicus brief has been introduced into a recent Supreme Court decision (Thompson v. Oklahoma) involving the juvenile death penalty. However, a close examination of the data fails to provide support for either the pro- or antijuvenile death penalty position.
What is Corporate Law's Place in Promoting Societal Welfare?: An Essay in Honor of Bill Klein

This is a short essay on what should be the fundamental criterion used to evaluate corporate law. I argue that the overall goal of good corporate law should be to assist private parties to create wealth for themselves and the economy in a manner that does not inflict uncompensated negative externalities upon third parties. Private businesses that produce goods and services should be encouraged by the state because creating greater wealth is generally beneficial to society. Corporate law can act as a helpful precondition for faster economic growth by protecting the parties' expectations, encouraging savings and investment, reducing transaction costs, minimizing agency costs, and compensating third parties for any harm that they may suffer from this business activity.
Magnetic resonance neurography in the management of peripheral trigeminal neuropathy: experience in a tertiary care centre

Objective This tertiary care experience examines the utility of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in the management of peripheral trigeminal neuropathies.
Inelastic Electron Scattering fromMg24at 180

The 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} inelastic electron scattering from $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ has been studied at bombarding energies of 39 and 56 MeV. A survey was made of the giant-resonance region from 14 to 28 MeV. The excitation region from 9 to 14 MeV was treated more intensively in order to study the analogs of states in $^{24}\mathrm{Na}$. Measurement of the transition radius $R$ and the ground-state transition-width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ for the 9.94- and 10.70-MeV levels yielded $R=3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ F, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=11.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.7$ eV and $R=3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ F, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=18.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.7$ eV, respectively. The relation of these results to Kurath's theory is discussed.
A reflection on regulation of strikes in Nigeria

The Nigerian Government has enacted laws to secure industrial harmony. These laws place restrictions on the exercise of the right of workers to strike. This article reflects on the regulation of strikes in Nigeria. It is the writer’s view that governmental efforts to curb incessant strikes in Nigeria have not yielded the desired results as workers under the aegis of their trade unions and federations of trade unions have continued to embark on strike without regard to the statutory restrictions. The writer suggests, among other things, that the government must rise to the challenge of faithfully enforcing these laws.
Cold Acclimation and Prolonged Low Temperature Survival of Filth Fly Parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Two species of pteromalid parasites of filth flies, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner and Spalangia cameroni Perkins, were subjected to 0, 5, and 10°C temperatures for various periods up to 140 days without prior acclimation. Survival of S. cameroni was low at all three temperatures; third instars and newly formed pupae were most cold tolerant. M. zaraptor was more cold tolerant; some eggs and second instars survived at least 140 days at 10°C and some third instars survived at least 140 days at 5°C. Survival of both species was higher when acclimated at 10°C before exposure to 0°C in the laboratory. Three species, S. cameroni , M. zaraptor , and Urolepis rufipes Ashmead, were placed in open silage during November to permit acclimation to low temperatures in the field. U. rufipes and M. zaraptor attained maximum acclimation between 4 and 8 days in the silage, but S. cameroni became increasingly more tolerant of 0°C throughout the entire 16-day exposure period. Diapause was not observed in these species during the study.
Network Shadows: The Perceptual and Performance Implications of Intra-Organizational Dormant Ties

It is often seen as axiomatic in the social capital literature that relationships require ongoing maintenance to remain valuable. As a result, the vast majority of social network theory and research has only considered relationships that are in some way active (or at the very least, recently reconnected after a period of dormancy). Seldom considered are the implications of dormant, unmaintained ties that have remained dormant—which we define as a prolonged state of suspended communication between two parties who were at one point in touch. Our aim in this study is to place social network scholarship on a stronger empirical and theoretical footing by examining the interaction of active and dormant ties within organizations. We present evidence that challenges the standard assumption that dormant ties, during dormancy, are irrelevant and can be safely ignored. Using a bounded-network survey in a large organization, we find that dormant ties—both alone and in combination with active ties—have real implicatio...
Acute arterial injuries due to blunt trauma.

Arterial injuries in association with blunt, non-penetrating trauma are recognized with increasing frequency. While the arteries of the extremities are most commonly involved, visceral arteries are occasionally affected. Partial disruption of the arterial wall with thrombosis is the most frequent injury. Arteriography has assumed increasing importance in defining the site and extent of peripheral arterial injuries. Failure to diagnose such injuries early can lead to irreversible ischemic changes or death. The most effective treatment for such injuries is early exploration and re-establishment of arterial continuity.
Should the Benefit of Transradial Access Still Be Questioned

In the search for an alternative vascular access for coronary procedures that would be associated with lower bleeding risk, less vascular complications, and improved patient comfort, Campeau and Kiemeneij pioneered transradial access for coronary angiography and interventions [(1)][1]. Subsequent
Current Situation About Perception Of Harmful Effect Of Smoking And Attitudes Toward Smoking Prohibition Among Different Populations In Ma'anshan City

Objective To learn the smoking-control related knowledge,attitude and behavior of key population in Ma'anshan city,provide evidence for establishing and implementing strategies.Methods Different populations such as doctors,teachers,public servants and students were randomly selected and investigated,and the results of the investigation were analyzed comprehensively.Results The public servants and the service-providers had the highest smoking rate,at 43.8% and 47.7% respectively.The awareness rate on this point that wives whose husband smokes were more likely to suffer lung cancer was only 67.1%.More than 80% subjects support sweeping anti-smoking in the hospitals,schools and on public transportation.94.5% and 90.0% subjects approved to controlling tobacco in offices and restaurants,and the proportion who approved sweeping anti-smoking in those areas reached 60.6% and 51.1% respectively.Conclusion Smoking-control work in public places in Ma'anshan had a certain mass base.And more work should be done to reinforce the publicity on the hazards of smoking both in strength and in depth,propagate smoking-control knowledge,and strengthen administrative measures on the prohibition of smoking in public areas.
The Effect of Potassium and Bicarbonate Ions on the Rise in Blood Pressure Caused by Sodium Chloride

1. A group of eight patients with mild hypertension, sensitive to sodium intake, were studied. 2. Sodium chloride (70 mmol daily) caused their blood pressure to rise by 19/14 mmHg. 3. Sodium bicarbonate (70 mmol daily) caused their blood pressure to rise by 12/5 mmHg. 4. Sodium chloride given together with potassium chloride (70 mmol of each daily) caused their blood pressure to rise by 9.6 mmHg. 5. These results suggest that sodium bicarbonate causes a smaller rise in blood pressure than sodium chloride does and that potassium chloride reduces the blood pressure raising effect of sodium chloride. 6. A low sodium, high potassium and an alkaline diet may therefore be a more effective dietary method to reduce blood pressure than a diet low in sodium alone.
An Introduction to Dye Lasers and Photoradiation Therapy

Therapeutic use of the dye laser holds great promise. The use of hematoporphyrin derivative and photoradiation therapy demonstrates significant potential in cancer therapy.
Stroke Nursing Care

Patient education is fundamental to primary and secondary stroke prevention. Nurses most often are the liaison between pre-hospital and hospital care. Protocols and checklists are an effective way to guide the team to meet time targets when caring for a stroke patient. Nurses must be knowledgeable about current stroke guidelines. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for progression of stroke, prevention of secondary injury and hospital acquired conditions, patient education and discharge planning. The process of moving the patient from the hospital to the next level of care or home is an extremely important time for patients and their caregivers. Specialized, comprehensive nursing care provided in designated stroke units is vital to improving and maintaining positive stroke outcomes. As the knowledge base for stroke continues to grow, nurses will not only contribute to the growing body of evidence but also continue the transition of evidence to practice.
Writing NetCDF Files

NetCDF files are a great way to store array-oriented scientific data in an eminently portable, self-documenting format. NetCDF is usually not a good format for more irregular data structures. The hardest part of writing such a file is, not understanding the technical details of the various NCDF functions and procedures. The next hardest part is having the patience and discipline to write all of the metadata to the file. Net DF files are particularly easy to read with Interactive Data Language (IDL) because each net DF file contains metadata that describes the file's contents. The IDL functions that read net DF files can automatically read the metadata and create IDL variables with the appropriate types and array sizes to store the data read from the files. For this process to work, the metadata (description of the file contents) must be written into the file at the time it is created. For this reason, writing net DF files is slightly more complicated than reading them. This chapter describes the steps required to write simple netCDF files.The basic steps for creating a netCDF file are: (1) a new netCDF file with NCDF_OPEN should be created. (2) Global attributes must be written to the file with NCDF_ATTPUT. (3) The dimensions with NCDF_DIMDEF should be defined next. (4) The variables with NCDF_VARDEF should be defined. (5) Variable attributes to the file with NCDF_ATTPUT should be written next. (6) The define mode with NCDF_CONTROL should be exited next. (7) Data with NCDF_VARPUT should be written next. (8) When finished with writing, the file with NCDF_CLOSE should be closed.
Challenges of Older Drivers’ Adoption of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles

The personal vehicle is increasingly the preferred mode of travel for aging adults. There are greater numbers of older drivers on the roads driving more miles than ever before, and it is important to be aware of declines that might affect them. Existing technology adoption frameworks are reviewed and relevant issues surrounding older adults’ adoption of advanced driver assistance systems and/or autonomous vehicles are discussed. A secondary analysis is performed on recently collected Floridian survey data that over-sampled older adults (age 55+ yr). Exploratory factor scores are calculated based on survey responses and the predictive effects of age, gender, annual household income, ease of new technology use, and providing information relating to the technologies are examined. Results are discussed in terms of how best to increase older adults’ familiarity with and trust of these transportation technologies in order to help ensure their adoption and safe usage.
Nerve Injuries in Sports

Abstract The field of sports medicine encompasses a broad spectrum of injuries. Nerve injuries to an athlete require special attention because they could not only affect a player’s performance but also lead to further injury either from continuous compression or repeated trauma. Most treatments are conservative in nature, and early recognition and diagnosis can lead to speedier recovery and return to activity in the selected sport. This chapter discusses the more common types of nerve injuries seen in the athletic population by considering them as occurring in the upper and lower extremities.
Development and Regeneration of Comb Plates in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.

Control and protease-treated isolates were cultured with or without @APN respectively. All isolates treated with /3APN failed to generate cells that express the myogenic marker MHC, but they contained cells that express the endodermal marker Endo-l (Fig. ID and E, respectively). This suggests that the ECM is required for differentiation of secondary mesenchyme cells along the myogenic pathway. This work was made possible by a Frederik B. Bang Fellowship and an MBL Associates Fellowship. I would like to thank the MBL community for its generous support. This work was also supported in part by NSF award IBN 9506346 to J.M.V. MHC and Endo-l antibodies were generously provided by Dr. Gary Wessel, Brown University.
Compact oscillation neuron exploiting metal-insulator-transition for neuromorphic computing

The phenomenon of metal-insulator-transition (MIT) in strongly correlated oxides, such as NbO 2 , have shown the oscillation behavior in recent experiments. In this work, the MIT based two-terminal device is proposed as a compact oscillation neuron for the parallel read operation from the resistive synaptic array. The weighted sum is represented by the frequency of the oscillation neuron. Compared to the complex CMOS integrate-and-fire neuron with tens of transistors, the oscillation neuron achieves significant area reduction, thereby alleviating the column pitch matching problem of the peripheral circuitry in resistive memories. Firstly, the impact of MIT device characteristics on the weighted sum accuracy is investigated when the oscillation neuron is connected to a single resistive synaptic device. Secondly, the array-level performance is explored when the oscillation neurons are connected to the resistive synaptic array. To address the interference of oscillation between columns in simple cross-point arrays, a 2-transistor-1-resistor (2T1R) array architecture is proposed at negligible increase in array area. Finally, the circuit-level benchmark of the proposed oscillation neuron with the CMOS neuron is performed. At single neuron node level, oscillation neuron shows >12.5× reduction of area. At 128×128 array level, oscillation neuron shows a reduction of ∼4% total area, >30% latency, ∼5× energy and ∼40× leakage power, demonstrating its advantage of being integrated into the resistive synaptic array for neuro-inspired computing.
Tetra­kis(di­meth­oxy­bor­yl)methane

The title compound, tetra­kis­(di­meth­oxy­bor­yl)methane (systematic name: octa­methyl methane­tetra­yltetra­boronate), C9H24B4O8 or C[B(OMe)2]4, is a useful synthetic inter­mediate. Crystals of this compound at 102 K conform to the ortho­rhom­bic space group Pbcn. The mol­ecules, which reside on sites of crystallographic twofold symmetry, have idealized -4 point symmetry like most other CX4 mol­ecules in which each X group bears two non-H substituents at the 1-position. The central C atom has a slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination geometry, with C—B bond lengths of 1.5876 (16) and 1.5905 (16) A. One of the methoxy groups is disordered over two sets of sites; the major component has an occupancy factor of 0.676 (8).
Pt-Mal-LHRH, a newly synthesized compound attenuating breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis by targeting overexpression of the LHRH receptor

A new targeting chemotherapeutic agent, Pt-Mal-LHRH, was synthesized by linking activated cisplatin to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). The compound’s efficacy and selectivity toward 4T1 breast cancer cells were evaluated. Carboplatin was selected as the comparative platinum complex, since the Pt-Mal-LHRH malonate linker chelates platinum in a similar manner to carboplatin. Breast cancer and normal cell viability were analyzed by an MTT assay comparing Pt-Mal-LHRH with carboplatin. Cells were also treated with either Pt-Mal-LHRH or carboplatin to evaluate platinum uptake by ICP-MS and cell migration using an in vitro scratch–migration assay. Tumor volume and metastasis were evaluated using an in vivo 4T1 mouse tumor model. Mice were administered Pt-Mal-LHRH (carboplatin molar equivalent dosage) through ip injection and compared to those treated with carboplatin (5 (mg/kg)/week), no treatment, and LHRH plus carboplatin (unbound) controls. An MTT assay showed a reduction in cell viability (p < ...
Antimicrobial treatment of clinical mastitis in the eastern United States: The influence of dairy farmers' mastitis management and treatment behavior and attitudes

To assess both the behaviors and social variables related to antimicrobial therapy for clinical mastitis, we sent a survey to 1,700 dairy farms in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Florida in January and February 2013. The survey included questions related to 7 major areas: sociodemographic and farm characteristics, milking proficiency, milking systems, cow environment, infected cow monitoring and treatment, farm labor, and attitudes toward mastitis and related antimicrobial use. The overall response rate was 41% (21% in Florida, 39% in Michigan, and 45% in Pennsylvania). Herd size ranged from 9 to 5,800 cows. Only a small proportion of herds frequently or always cultured milk samples for bacteriology from cows with a high somatic cell count (17%), cows with clinical mastitis (18%), or bulk tank milk (13%). Likewise, only 56% of herds frequently or always maintained records of all treated cows and 49% reviewed records before administering mastitis treatments. Multivariate analysis determined that use of treatment records was associated with increased likelihood of frequent use for both intramammary (IMA) and systemic (SYA) administration of antimicrobial drugs for therapy of clinical mastitis. As would be expected, use of natural (organic) therapies was associated with decreased use of IMA, as was the respondent being a member of an Amish community. Lower levels of education and the use of bacterins to control Staphylococcus aureus mastitis were also associated with decreased IMA, whereas increased use of IMA at dry off and the belief that "bad luck" plays a role in mastitis problems were associated with increased IMA. Use of an internal teat sealant, the respondent being the sole proprietor, being from Michigan, use of conductivity to measure subclinical mastitis, the respondent placing increasing importance on decreasing antibiotic residues in cull cows, and having financial incentives for employees linked to somatic cell count were associated with increased use of SYA for the treatment of clinical mastitis. Use of sand or mattresses for bedding were associated with decreased SYA. These findings highlight the need to improve the acceptance of practices that are consistent with prudent antimicrobial use for the treatment of clinical mastitis on dairy farms. Additionally, the willingness of dairy farmers to administer antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of clinical mastitis is associated with other mastitis-related practices and attitudes.
Examining Mechanisms Underlying Fear-Control in the Extended Parallel Process Model.

ABSTRACTThis investigation sought to advance the extended parallel process model in important ways by testing associations among the strengths of efficacy and threat appeals with fear as well as two outcomes of fear-control processing, psychological reactance and message minimization. Within the context of print ads admonishing against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and the fictitious Trepidosis virus, partial support was found for the additive model with no support for the multiplicative model. High efficacy appeals mitigated freedom threat perceptions across both contexts. Fear was positively associated with both freedom threat perceptions within the NIHL context and favorable attitudes for both NIHL and Trepidosis virus contexts. In line with psychological reactance theory, a freedom threat was positively associated with psychological reactance. Reactance, in turn, was positively associated with message minimization. The models supported reactance preceding message minimization across both message c...
Hydraulic fracture diagnostics from Krauklis-wave resonance and tube-wave reflections

ABSTRACTFluid-filled fractures support guided waves known as Krauklis waves. The resonance of Krauklis waves within fractures occurs at specific frequencies; these frequencies, and the associated attenuation of the resonant modes, can be used to constrain the fracture geometry. We use numerical simulations of wave propagation along fluid-filled fractures to quantify fracture resonance. The simulations involve solution of an approximation to the compressible Navier-Stokes equation for the viscous fluid in the fracture coupled to the elastic-wave equation in the surrounding solid. Variable fracture aperture, narrow viscous boundary layers near the fracture walls, and additional attenuation from seismic radiation are accounted for in the simulations. We then determine how tube waves within a wellbore can be used to excite Krauklis waves within fractures that are hydraulically connected to the wellbore. The simulations provide the frequency-dependent hydraulic impedance of the fracture, which can then be used...
Biometric Identification Through Eye-Movement Patterns

This paper describes how to identify unique individual readers using their eye-movement patterns. A case study including forty participants was conducted in order to measure eye movement during reading. The proposed biometric method is developed based on an informative and stable eye-movement feature set that gives rise to a high performance multi-class identification model. Multiple individual classifiers are trained and tested on our novel feature set consisting of 28 features that represent basic eye-movement, scan path and pupillary characteristics. We combine three high-accuracy classifiers, namely Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic, and Logistic Model Tree using the average of probabilities as the combination rule. We reach an overall accuracy of 95.31% and an average Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.03%. Our approach dramatically outperforms previous methods, making it possible to build eye-movement biometric systems for user identification and personalized interfaces.
Quality Engineering Handbook

(2001). Quality Engineering Handbook. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 118-119.
Optimal Flood Warning Threshold and a Case Study in Milton, Pennsylvania

Flood warning systems are studied in a two-level hierarchical system framework. The interactions between the forecast subsystem and the response subsystem are investigated. The probabilistic evaluation of a forecast system coupled with a stochastic dynamic model of the evolvement of the response fraction in a community reveals that the desire for high present flood-loss reduction must be balanced with the possibility of high future flood loss. Multiobjective dynamic programming is used to select the optimal flood warning threshold. The proposed methodology is applied to the case study in Milton, Pennsylvania.