cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Problems Connected with Jiles-Atherton Model of Magnetic Hysteresis

Paper presents the most important problems connected with Jiles-Atherton model of magnetic B(H) hysteresis. These problems are mainly caused by accuracy of numerical integration as well as methods of solving the ordinary differential equations. Paper presents comparison of accuracy of calculation with MATLAB and OCTAVE for both Windows 7 and Scientific Linux 6.3. Moreover, the analyse of time efficiency is presented. On the base of numerical errors analyses and benchmarking, the guidelines for calculation of Jiles-Atherton model are given.
Morphology of nasal lesions induced in Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice by chronic inhalation of allyl glycidyl ether.

Chronic (24-month) inhalation exposure to 5 or 10 ppm allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) induced nasal lesions in Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice. Inflammation, degeneration, regeneration, metaplasia, hyperplasia, and neoplasia were observed in the nasal mucosa. Squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium and degeneration and regeneration with subsequent squamous and/or respiratory metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium were observed in many AGE-exposed animals. Three primary nasal neoplasms (1 papillary adenoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 olfactory epithelial carcinoma) were observed in rats exposed to 10 ppm AGE, and 1 nasal papillary adenoma was observed in a rat exposed to 5 ppm. Four papillary adenomas and 2 hemangiomas were observed in the noses of mice exposed to 10 ppm AGE. Although the incidence of primary nasal tumors in AGE-exposed rats or mice was not statistically significant compared to the incidence in concurrent controls, the relative rarity of primary nasal tumors ...
Regional Reverse logistics system based on third-party logistics

It studies the need of planning the reverse logistics system in the University City,and the workflow and the management strategies of the system to explore the method of establishing a regional reverse logistics system based on third-party logistics.It also points out the functions and characteristics of the system,and how to maximize the role of the pursuit of value-added logistics on individuals,businesses and the community.
Why Brain Science is Essential to the Success of Hand Allotransplantation

The capacity of the brain to reorganize in response to changes in stimulation plays a critical, yet poorly understood, role in the successful outcome of allogeneic hand transplants. Here, I begin by reviewing evidence on intra and interhemispheric changes in functional organizations that follow upper extremity amputation. The absence of data prior to limb loss makes it impossible to determine whether these changes are fully reversed following hand transplantation. However, accumulating data suggest that areas of the sensory and motor cortex that likely were devoted to representing the hand prior to amputation do come to represent the transplanted hand, even after years or decades of complete loss of afferent and efferent communication. Nevertheless, at least some amputation-related cortical changes may persist even long after a transplant. These results are consistent with a model in which restoration of afferent and efferent signals between hand and brain enables gross recovery of cortical organization through reactivation of existing networks. However, recovery of finer-grained details of the cortical maps requires experience-dependent changes, due to peripheral reinnervation errors and lower-level structural reorganization, recovering finer-grained details of cortical maps requires experience-dependent changes. These latter changes evolve slowly, are essential to achieve optimal sensory and motor functions, and stand to benefit from advances in evidence-based neurorehabilitation.
Polaron spin echo envelope modulations in an organic semiconducting polymer

We present a theoretical analysis of the electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectra of polarons in semiconducting $\ensuremath{\pi}$-conjugated polymers. We show that the contact hyperfine coupling and the dipolar interaction between the polaron and the proton spins give rise to different features in the ESEEM spectra. Our theory enables direct selective probe of different groups of nuclear spins, which affect the polaron spin dynamics. Namely, we demonstrate how the signal from the distant protons (coupled to the polaron spin via dipolar interactions) can be distinguished from the signal coming from the protons residing on the polaron site (coupled to the polaron spin via contact hyperfine interaction). We propose a method for directly probing the contact hyperfine interaction, that would enable detailed study of the polaron orbital state and its immediate environment. We also analyze the decay of the spin echo modulation, and its connection to the polaron transport.
Cost spreading in college athletic spending in the United States: estimates and implications

ABSTRACTWith rising costs, mounting student debt, and many schools experiencing financial hardship, the higher education industry faces unwanted scrutiny from the popular media and political sector. College athletics too have come under close examination because of rising costs and internal subsidies. In this paper, we provide estimates of the per-student costs of college athletic programs for US colleges and universities by the number of undergraduate students enrolled, National Collegiate Athletic Association division, and whether the institution is public or private. These estimates find significant potential for cost spreading, so that costs per-student fall as the number of students rises.
Strategies to Combat Sexual Violence: The Need for a Menu of Informed Choices

This final chapter reviews policy and prevention options and prompts a discussion of whether we can do better at preventing sexual violence. In an attempt to create a menu of available policy and prevention options, we begin to lay out what the selection of options is, as well as each of their associated costs and benefits. The chapter concludes by summarizing how sexual violence prevention initiatives are likely to offer the best return on investment in terms of dollars spent and—more importantly—lowered rates of sexual violence.
Combustion, Reactive Hazard, and Bioprocess Safety

Is bioprocess dangerous? How do we maintain safety? What is reactive hazard? What is biohazard? Chemical transformation, or biotransformation, means change. Any changes have irreversible consequences. Managing the changes can help us, but changes can also be harmful. The first line of defense on any potential unwanted transformations is isolation or containment. WHO defines four risk groups of biosafety levels. There are six key knowledge bases for biosafety. With chemical safety, substance identification is the first step. The global harmonized system of classification and labeling is generally accepted by the world health safety bodies. The hazards are divided into three categories: physical, health, and environmental. Chemical reactivity hazard is a situation where an uncontrolled reaction could result directly or indirectly in serious harm to people, property, or equipment. Fire and explosion are common reactivity hazards. To safeguard processes and facilities, one needs to first identify the threat by screening for reactivity hazards. Combustion processes proceed with chain reactions and the reaction is highly exothermic. Combined with the high activation energy, combustion depends largely on temperature. The overall reaction products can also vary (partial oxidation versus total oxidation). Partial oxidation reactions are important in the chemical industry. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass, for example, are useful technologies in biomass conversion. An explosion is a fast, transient, exothermic reaction. Unintended and accidental explosions can occur due to: (1) the accumulation of reactive chemicals (gas, liquid, or solid) in confined space; (2) leakage of a “significant amount” of reactive chemicals (gas, liquid, or solid) to the atmosphere or environment; or (3) reactor runaway. As a bioprocess engineer, you will be responsible for creating safe processes and protecting the lives and health of your colleagues.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Antepartum Complications: a Novel Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia.

Background Prior work shows that Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) predicts an increased risk of preterm birth, but the causal pathway(s) are uncertain. We evaluate the associations between PTSD and antepartum complications to explore how PTSD's pathophysiology impacts pregnancy. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis of all Veterans Health Administration (VA)-covered deliveries from 2000–12 used the data of VA clinical and administration. Mothers with current PTSD were identified using the ICD-9 diagnostic codes (i.e. code present during the antepartum year), as were those with historical PTSD. Medical and administrative data were used to identify the relevant obstetric diagnoses, demographics and health, and military deployment history. We used Poisson regression with robust error variance to derive the adjusted relative risk estimates (RR) for the association of PTSD with five clinically relevant antepartum complications [gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, growth restriction, and abruption]. Secondary outcomes included proxies for obstetric complexity (repeat hospitalisation, prolonged delivery hospitalisation, and caesarean delivery). Results Of the 15 986 singleton deliveries, 2977 (19%) were in mothers with PTSD diagnoses (1880 (12%) current PTSD). Mothers with the complication GDM were 4.9% and those with preeclampsia were 4.6% of all births. After adjustment, a current PTSD diagnosis (reference = no PTSD) was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.7) and preeclampsia (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.6). PTSD also predicted prolonged (>4 day) delivery hospitalisation (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01, 1.4), and repeat hospitalisations (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6), but not caesarean delivery. Conclusions The observed association of PTSD with GDM and preeclampsia is consistent with our nascent understanding of PTSD as a disruptor of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular health.
Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging With Virtual Source Synthetic Aperture Focusing and Coherence Factor Weighting

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been frequently used for coronary artery imaging clinically. More importantly, IVUS is the fundamental image modality for most advanced multimodality intravascular imaging techniques, since it provides a more comprehensive picture of vessel anatomy on which other imaging data can be superimposed. However, image quality in the deeper region is poor because of the downgraded lateral resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). In this paper, we report on the application of an ultrasound beamforming method that combines virtual source synthetic aperture (VSSA) focusing and coherence factor weighting (CFW) to improve the IVUS image quality. The natural focal point of conventional IVUS transducer was treated as a virtual source that emits spherical waves within a certain region. Mono-static synthetic aperture focusing was conducted to achieve higher resolution. Coherence factor was calculated using delayed RF signals and applied to the synthesized beam to increase the CNR and focusing quality. The proposed method was tested through simulations in Field II and imaging experiments in both linear and rotational scans. The lateral resolution for linear scan mode is improved from 165–524 to 126–143 ${\mu m}$ ; resolution for rotational scan mode improves by up to 42%. CNR improvement by up to 1.5 was observed on the anechoic cysts of different sizes and at different locations. Herein, it is demonstrated that the beamforming method, which combines VSSA and CFW, can significantly improve the IVUS image quality. This approach can be readily integrated into the current IVUS imaging system for enhanced clinical diagnosis.
Wireless system for continuous monitoring of core body temperature

A wireless wearable device aimed at continuously monitoring internal temperature a few centimeters deep in the body is presented. A radiometer operating in the 1.4–1.427 GHz quiet band is used with a circular patch probe to measure the thermal radiation emitted by the body, which is proportional to temperature. The output is digitized and transmitted over Bluetooth by a TI CC2541. The wearable device is powered by a 3.7 V Li-Ion battery, through three buck-conversion circuits. The sensor design trades performance (continuous calibration) for simplicity to reduce size and power consumption. Validated measurement data of water temperature inside the cheek demonstrates the feasibility of radiometric internal temperature measurement in a wearable platform.
Robust optimization in IMPT using quadratic objective functions to account for the minimum MU constraint.

Purpose Currently, in clinical practice of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), the influence of the minimum monitor unit (MU) constraint is taken into account through post-processing after the optimization is completed. This may degrade the plan quality and plan robustness. This study aims to mitigate the impact of the minimum MU constraint directly during the plan robust optimization. Methods and Materials Cao et al. have demonstrated a two-stage method to account for the minimum MU constraint using linear programming without the impact of uncertainties considered. In this study, we took the minimum MU constraint into consideration using quadratic optimization and simultaneously had the impact of uncertainties considered using robust optimization. We evaluated our method using 7 cancer patients with different machine settings. Result The new method achieved better plan quality than the conventional method. The D95% of the clinical target volume (CTV) normalized to the prescription dose was (mean [min max]): (99.4% [99.2%-99.6%]) vs. (99.2% [98.6%-99.6%]). Plan robustness derived from these 2 methods was comparable. For all 7 patients, the CTV dose-volume histogram band gap (narrower band gap means more robust plans) at D95% normalized to the prescription dose was (mean [min max]): (1.5% [0.5%-4.3%]) vs. (1.2% [0.6%-3.8%]). Conclusion Our new method of incorporating the minimum MU constraint directly into the plan robust optimization can produce machine-deliverable plans with better tumor coverage while maintaining high plan robustness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Concluding Essay: New Apophatic Paths in Current Critical Thinking

This essay assesses each of the contributions in Parts 2 and 3 of the volume and draws consequences for the future of research and creative thinking on the topic of the apophatic. It brings out convergences and divergences between the various authors and uses them to illustrate in specific terms the enigmatic and inevitably contradictory nature of apophatic thinking. It draws comparisons and contrasts with the directions currently being pursued also by other researchers in this field in order to fully bring out into the open what is distinctive about the approach outlined in this book. It illuminates the reasons why apophatic thinking at its current stage is turning to the body and aesthetics and pragmatics and other concrete fields of application. It discerns the (a)logic of such thinking as it spans from the most metaphysically abstract registers to the ineffably incarnate. The place of theology in apophatic thinking for the future comes into focus as an outstanding and vigorously contested issue.
Geoscience Outreach Education with the Local Community

Outreach education comes in all shapes and sizes and depends on the people involved, audiences to be reached, and resources available. At a geosciences research-focused institution, outreach education was developed over time to engage local communities with Earth sciences. Both the faculty and graduate students have been engaged in these endeavors. Teacher professional development, high school internships, and campus field trips are three example programming types. This chapter will allow you to see how building on the strength of the institution and collaborations across the institution, being clear with expectations, and developing opportunities to support the research are essential for an education outreach program in a research-intensive geosciences institution.
Policing Poverty: Mandatory Reporting of Child Neglect

Laws requiring specific individuals to report parents to child protective authorities, when there is reason to suspect that they have abused or neglected their children, have been in existence in the United States for at least fifty years. Although several scholars have critiqued mandatory reporting laws, all have aimed exclusively at making modifications that might improve this signature child welfare policy. Beyond these calls for improvement, the use of mandatory reporting as a front line intervention tool in the battle to end child abuse has essentially remained unchallenged. This article seeks to change that discourse by arguing for elimination of mandatory reporting requirements in cases involving suspicion of child neglect. It takes aim at the futility of forcing a broad range of people -- from teachers to all citizens -- to scrutinize parents using the notoriously amorphous definition of child neglect. This article is particularly concerned with the way mandatory reporting of child neglect sets up economically vulnerable families for increased policing, with questionable results for children. In fact, the definition of neglect is so fraught with subjective, value laden language that widespread bias against the poor and disenfranchised has occurred. And yet in all fifty states, a variety of professionals, who may or may not encounter children regularly as part of their profession, are required to identify potential neglect and file a report with child protective authorities. These reports trigger intrusive state intervention and often result in unnecessary destabilization of the most fragile families. The result is a system that is at best handicapped by over-reporting and at worst completely ineffective. Decades of data confirms that reports of neglect are clogging the child welfare system with ineffective or unnecessary investigations. Further, mandatory reporters are the primary offenders, consistently responsible for three-fifths of reports made annually. Eliminating mandatory reporting in the case of suspected child neglect would transform the child welfare system. Rather than engaging in police functions and attempting to assign blame, professionals would be liberated to engage with fragile families free from the cloud of mandatory reporting. This article concludes that by eliminating mandatory reporting of neglect, the child welfare system would be able to shift resources from largely unproductive investigative activities to supportive activities that connect economically vulnerable families to resources tailored to addressing their needs.
Positron emission tomography of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice using copper-64 chlorides

1588 Objectives To image human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts in athymic mice with positron emission tomography using copper (II)-64 chloride (64CuCl2) as a radioactive tracer (Cu-64 PET). Methods The HCC xenografts were established by injection of Hep3-B human HCC cells subcutaneously in the flanks. The tumor-bearing mice were subjected to dynamic PET imaging analysis immediately following intravenous administration of the tracer 64CuCl2 using a Concorde microPET R4 tomograph. Dynamic imaging was followed by static whole body imaging at 1and 24 hours post injection, respectively. Upon completion of the imaging study, the mice were euthanized and the postmortem tissues were harvested, weighted and counted for radioactivity using a gamma counter. Using a polyclonal antibody specific for human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1), immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to evaluate expression of hCtr1in the xenograft tumor tissues. Results Dynamic imaging demonstrated rapid uptake of 64CuCl2 by the HCC xenografts in mice. The HCC xenografts were visualized on the Cu-64 PET images, with better target to background ratio from the images obtained 24 hours post injection compared with the images obtained at 1 hour post injection, along with high level expression of hCtr1 in the tumor tissues. Conclusions The HCC xenografts were well visualized by PET using 64CuCl2 as a probe. This suggests that extrahepatic HCC metastasis in humans may be localized non-invasively by PET using 64CuCl2 as a probe.
An Application of the Indicator Approach to Developing Coincident and Leading Economic Indexes for India

Business cycle analysis relying on composite indexes provides an understanding of the direction of the economic activity in market economies that is essential for macroeconomic policy formulation and decision making. With the liberalization of the Indian economy since 1991, studies on business cycle for India have received renewed attention in the context of a developing market economy. In this chapter, we describe our proposed business cycle indicators, particularly coincident and leading indicators, that provide tools for tracking and anticipating cyclical movements following The Conference Board’s indicator approach. This approach which is focused on classical business cycles differs from other studies that develop cyclical indicators following growth rate cycles or growth cycles. We begin by proposing a coincident economic index (CEI) that can be used to describe the historical development of the Indian business cycle since 1990. We show that by taking a broad definition of economic activity and the consensus of cyclical movements among several coincident indicators we can obtain a reliable chronology of the reference cycle. We also discuss how this index of coincident indicators can be used to determine a growth cycle chronology. Then, we review a number of leading indicators and propose the selection of indicators as components of a leading economic index (LEI) that help to anticipate the turning points in the business cycle of India’s economy.
Ritual Sequence and Narrative Constraints in Leviticus 9:1–10:3

Lev 9:1–10:3 contains two of the most memorable events in the priestly narrative: a public theophany at the tabernacle, and the deaths of Nadav and Avihu. It also contains a long sequence of sacrifices, the importance of which has often been overlooked. This article argues that the ritual acts described in Lev 9 follow established and identifiable patterns, and that only by understanding the ritual logic in this episode is it possible to understand the rhetorical aims of the narrative.
Effects of Bottom Electrode Topography in AlN Nano Plate Resonators on Quality Factor

This paper reports on the experimental study of the effects of bottom electrode topography in AlN nano plate resonators (NPRs) on quality factor. We show that efficient piezoelectric transduction of a high frequency (~744 MHz) lateral-extensional mode of vibration and a quality factor as high as ~1300 can be achieved when a 70 nm thick platinum layer is employed as the interdigitated electrode underneath of a 200 nm thick AlN nano plate. Such a high value of quality factor is comparable to that achieved in reference devices with inversed electrode design (employing an unpatterned floating plate as the bottom electrode). The smoothly-transitioned topography of the bottom electrode, more specifically, the tapered edge of the patterned interdigitated electrode is identified as the key contributing factor to the achievement of high quality factors.
Computer Science Principles for Teachers of Blind and Visually Impaired Students

The College Board's AP Computer Science Principles (CSP) content has become a major new course for introducing K-12 students to the discipline. The course was designed for many reasons, but one major goal was to broaden participation. While significant work has been completed toward equity by many research groups, we know of no systematic analysis of CSP content created by major vendors in relation to accessibility for students with disabilities, especially those who are blind or visually impaired. In this experience report, we discuss two major actions by our team to make CSP more accessible. First, with the help of accessibility experts and teachers, we modified the entire Code.org CSP course to make it accessible. Second, we conducted a one-week professional development workshop in the summer of 2018 for teachers of blind or visually impaired students in order to help them prepare to teach CSP or support those who do. We report here on lessons learned that are useful to teachers who have blind or visually impaired students in their classes, to AP CSP curriculum providers, and to the College Board.
Electrokinetic flow Instabilities in Microfluidic Systems

The stability of electrokinetic flow in a rectangular cross-section microfluidic channel with transverse conductivity gradients and driven by streamwise electric fields was explored. Such a system exhibits a critical electric field above which the flow is highly unstable, resulting in fluctuating velocities and rapid stirring. The problem was studied using theoretical and numerical analyses, as well as experimental observations. It was found that the internally generated electric body force was responsible for the instability, whereas the diffusion of ion species provided a stabilizing mechanism. Various models including two-dimensional and depth-averaged formulations were studied; modeling results compare well with experimental observations. These results have application to the design and control of on-chip assays that require high conductivity gradients, and provide a rapid mixing mechanism for low Reynolds number flow in microchannels.
Interpreting the volcanological processes of Kamchatka, based on multi-sensor satellite observations

Abstract Volcanoes are complex environmental systems that pose challenges to scientific study, due to their inherently hazardous nature and in many cases, remote locations. Satellite-based remote sensing provides a useful tool for assessing both ongoing activity and retrospective eruptions. This paper represents an initial application of a multi-sensor approach, in part to demonstrate its strengths and limitations in a single volcanic region that is fairly well monitored in situ. We utilize data from five NASA satellite-based instruments, having up to 18 years of global observations, to conduct in-depth investigations of eight volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) that were active between 2000 and 2018. From 169 eruptive plumes observed, we performed detailed plume-dynamics analysis in eighty-two cases for which sufficiently favorable observations were obtained. Plume heights from MISR and CALIOP, microphysical particle properties (e.g. fine ash, sulfates) from MISR, thermal anomalies generated by lava features from MODIS, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from OMI and OMPS are all considered. Evidence of eruption evolution over months-to-years was identified at Shiveluch, Kliuchevskoi, Kizimen, Karymsky, Zhupanovsky, Koryaksky and Kambalny. In cases with extensive data coverage (Kliuchevskoi, Kizimen, Karymsky and Zhupanovsky), underlying subsurface dynamics is inferred, corroborated where possible with detailed ground-based data records. The 1.1 km resolution of the particle property retrievals from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument capture downwind plume-particle evolution in many cases. Comparison of changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD), retrieved effective particle size (REPS) and retrieved effective particle absorption (REPA) map to six plume transport regimes, indicating varying degrees of downwind particle aggregation, deposition, and/or new particle formation. Distinct meteorological conditions are identified as likely driving these evolutionary processes, most notably the atmospheric static stability and wind shear at plume altitude. This approach can be applied to volcanic plumes globally, including those for which surface monitoring is limited or entirely absent.
Elie Wiesel’s Quarrel with God

Central to Elie Wiesel’s oeuvre is the question “What About God in all This?” As a man of faith and a man of art, Wiesel’s literature of testimony bears witness to his post-Holocaust search for a useable image of deity. The Nobel Laureate walks a theological tightrope in indicting—while refusing to abandon—God. This position is perhaps best summarized by The Town Beyond the Wall’s Michael who once overheard the following prayer to God: “Be with me, when I have need of You. But above all do not leave me, when I deny You.” This chapter focuses on three primary issues in Wiesel’s post-Auschwitz quarrel with God: the role of paradox, the relationship between story-telling and theology, and the nature of the deity.
S2ADC: A 12-bit, 1.25MS/s Secure SAR ADC with Power Side-Channel Attack Resistance

This paper presents a neural-network-based SAR ADC power side-channel attack (PSA) method and a 12-bit, 1.25MS/s secure SAR ADC whose current equalizers protect the ADC from PSA. A prototype SAR ADC was fabricated in 65nm CMOS to demonstrate the proposed concepts. Without PSA protection, the proposed PSA method decoded the power supply current waveforms of the prototype ADC into the corresponding A/D converter output bits with >99% bit-wise accuracy except for the LSB. With PSA protection, the prototype ADC demonstrated high resistance to the proposed PSA method, showing significant drop in bit-wise accuracy.
“Zonas de Não Ser”: mulheres negras sem-teto e deslocamento nos Estados Unidos

As mulheres negras, silenciadas, invisiveis e pobres da classe trabalhadora lutam apenas para sobreviver em Austin, Texas, EUA. Este artigo argumenta que as experiencias das mulheres negras sem teto e a discriminacao habitacional nos Estados Unidos indicam que a gentrificacao nao e apenas um processo social limitante, mas tambem mortal. Existe uma relacao niitida, porem implicita, entre gentrificacao e a supremacia branca patriarcal estrutural e interpessoal. Esse processo racializado de renovacao da cidade tambem tem um genero agudo. Existe uma relacao dialetica entre gentrificacao e o apagamento especifico de mulheres negras do espaco publico. Em nenhum lugar isso e mais evidente do que nas experiencias das mulheres negras sem-teto. Essas mulheres em Austin ocupam uma “zona de nao-ser” em que nao tem direitos a cidade, espaco territorial domestico e pouco ou nenhum acesso a servicos sociais. Palavras-chaves : mulheres negras; sem-teto; discriminacao habitacional; Estados Unidos, gentrificacao.
Elevated Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Stroke among the Mexican Older Population

Background/objectives Several longitudinal studies in high-income countries suggest that depression increases stroke risk. However, few prior studies have evaluated this association in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rapidly aging populations may have markedly different vascular risk profiles. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The Mexican Health and Aging Study is a national population-based study of older adults in Mexico. Participants A total of 10,693 Mexican adults aged 50 and older enrolled in 2001 with no history of prior stroke. Measurements Depressive symptoms were assessed with a modified 9-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (elevated depressive symptom cutoff ≥5) in 2001 and 2003. We evaluated associations between baseline and short-term (2-year) changes in elevated depressive symptoms (categorized as stable low, recently remitted, recent-onset, or stable high symptoms) with incident self-reported or next-of-kin reported doctor-diagnosed stroke through 2015 using Cox proportional hazards models and sensitivity analyses applying inverse probability weights. Results Over an average follow-up of 11.4 years (standard deviation = 4.2), 10,693 respondents reported 546 incident strokes. Individuals with elevated baseline depressive symptoms experienced a moderately higher hazard of incident stroke (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .95-1.36) compared with those without elevated baseline depressive symptoms. In analyses of short-term changes in elevated depressive symptoms (n = 8,808; 414 incident stokes), participants with recent-onset (HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.06-1.81) or stable high (HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.10-1.84) elevated depressive symptoms had a greater hazard of incident stroke compared to those with stable low/no depressive symptoms, whereas recently remitted (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = .74-1.37) symptoms was not associated with stroke hazard. Conclusion Strategies to reduce depressive symptoms merit evaluation as approaches to prevent stroke in middle-income countries. Findings are similar to those in high-income countries but should be replicated in other LMICs.
KONSEP IBADAH YANG BENAR DALAM ALKITAB

Worship according to the concept of Christianity is God's commandment that must be done by every person who has been redeemed and saved by the Lord Jesus Christ. The purpose of the study is to answer: What is the meaning of worship of believers? What are the elements of worship according to the Bible? How is worship lived in church life? Research using qualitative methods using literature review (library research). The results of the study are: (1) worship truly is a service to God by offering all souls and spirits with various actions and attitudes of respect and adoration, submission, and obedience with a thankful welcome. (2) Worship without doubt is the inner confession of a person who accepts that God is sovereign in power and good. With a series of personal offerings and the offerings of the people, approaching the altar of God by bringing sacrifice. (3) worship lived in church life is Jesus as the subject of worship through hymns, prayers, confessions of sins begging for forgiveness, giving thanks. Church life gives the best offerings to God, body, soul and spirit, which must be accompanied by service to others. Abstrak Beribadah menurut konsep kekristenan adalah perintah Tuhan yang wajib dilakukan oleh setap orang yang sudah di tebus dan diselamatkan oleh Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjawab: Apakah makna ibadah persekutuan orang percaya? Apakah unsur-unsur ibadah menurut Alkitab? Bagaimanakah ibadah dihayati dalam kehidupan bergereja? Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian literature ( library research ). Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) ibadah yang benar adalah pelayanan kepada Allah dengan mempersembahkan seluruh tubuh jiwa dan roh dengan aneka tindakan dan sikap penuh hormat dan puja, ketundukan, serta ketaatan dengan penuh ucapan syukur. (2) unsur-unsur ibadah adalah ungkapan batin seseorang yang mengakui bahwa Allah berdaulat penuh kuasa dan baik. Dengan rangkaian persembahan pribadi maupun persembahan umat, menghampiri mezbah Allah dengan membawa kurban. (3) ibadah dihayati dalam kehidupan bergereja adalah Yesus sebagai pokok penyembahan melalui nyanyian pujian, doa, pengakuan dosa mohon pengampunan, mengucap syukur. Kehidupan bergereja itu memberikan persembahan terbaik kepada Tuhan yaitu tubuh, jiwa dan roh, yang harus dibarengi dengan pelayanan kepada sesama.
A scenario-based assessment to inform sustainable ponderosa pine timber harvest on the Black Hills National Forest

Since 2000, the Black Hills National Forest (BHNF) has experienced several disturbances that have reduced standing live sawtimber volume which will affect future harvest levels. To evaluate options concerning the future timber management program, we conducted a quantitative analysis to determine how mortality from these disturbances and potential growth rates will impact short-, mid-, and long-term sustainable sawtimber harvest levels of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Dougl. ex Laws.). In 2019, there was 5,995,428 CCF (hundreds of cubic feet) standing live ponderosa pine sawtimber within the suitable timberlands. The current harvest level in the BHNF Forest Plan of 181,000 CCF/yr is not a sustainable option. Over the next several decades, if mortality rates stay below 1.04%, harvest levels of 72,400 and 90,500 CCF/yr appear to be sustainable if all suitable timberlands are available for harvest. History shows that allowing the forest to recover after large disturbances provides opportunities to adjust future harvest levels. Also, tending of young forests can promote recovery and produce sawtimber volume more quickly.
Hazard-non-increasing gate-level optimization algorithms

Hazard-non-increasing optimization algorithms, optimizations on gate-level logic without introduction of any further static nor dynamic hazards, are presented. Proofs are given for general theoretical results on hazard-non-increasing transformations which serve as the basis for these algorithms. The algorithms substantially augment the set of proven hazard-non-increasing optimization techniques in the literature. These algorithms are useful for hazard-free implementations of asynchronous designs. >
Design and Retrospective Application of a Spine Trauma DVT Prophylaxis Protocol on Level 1 Trauma Center Patient Database.

Study Design:Systematic literature review.Objectives:The impact of thromboembolic disease on the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute spinal cord injury is well documented, with rates as ...
Race, Policing, and Public Governance: On the Other Side of Now

I can't breathe … a haunting phrase moaned at the intersection of past and present, serving as an audible supplement to the visual evidence to yet another collision of race and policing. This phrase reflects the current state of police-community relations in the United States. But, what lies on the other side of now? This Element examines this salient question in the context of excessive use of force and through the lenses of race, policing and public governance. We draw upon extant research and scholarship on representative bureaucracy, public engagement in the co-creation of public polices and the co-production of public services, and the emerging findings from studies in network science, coupled with insights from elite interviews, to offer implications for future research, the profession of policing, the public policymaking process, public management, and post-secondary institutions.
Scleroderma Mimickers

Cutaneous fibrosing disorders encompass a diverse array of diseases united by the presence of varying degrees of dermal sclerosis. The quality and distribution of skin involvement, presence or absence of systemic complications, and unique associated laboratory abnormalities often help to distinguish between these diseases. It is imperative that an effort is made to accurately differentiate between scleroderma and its mimics, in order to guide long-term management and facilitate implementation of the appropriate treatment modality where indicated.
Proinflammatory cytokines promote TET2-mediated DNA demethylation during CD8 T cell effector differentiation.

To gain insight into the signaling determinants of effector-associated DNA methylation programming among CD8 T cells, we explore the role of interleukin (IL)-12 in the imprinting of IFNg expression during CD8 T cell priming. We observe that anti-CD3/CD28-mediated stimulation of human naive CD8 T cells is not sufficient to induce substantial demethylation of the IFNg promoter. However, anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation in the presence of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-12, results in stable demethylation of the IFNg locus that is commensurate with IFNg expression. IL-12-associated demethylation of the IFNg locus is coupled to cell division through TET2-dependent demethylation in an ex vivo human chimeric antigen receptor T cell model system and an in vivo immunologically competent murine system. Collectively, these data illustrate that IL-12 signaling promotes TET2-mediated effector DNA demethylation programming in CD8 T cells and serve as proof of concept that cytokines can guide induction of epigenetically regulated traits for T cell-based immunotherapies.
High-Dimensional Smoothing Splines and Application in Alzheimer's Disease Prediction Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Recent evidence has shown that structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prediction and diagnosis. While traditional MRI-based diagnosis uses images acquired at a single time point, a longitudinal study is more sensitive and accurate in detecting early pathological changes of the AD. Two main difficulties arise in longitudinal MRI-based diagnosis: (1) the inconsistent longitudinal scans among subjects (i.e., different scanning time and different total number of scans); (2) the heterogeneous progressions of high-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) in MRI. In this work, we propose a novel feature selection and estimation method which can be applied to extract features from the heterogeneous longitudinal MRI. A key ingredient of our method is the combination of smoothing splines and the $l_1$-penalty. We perform experiments on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The results corroborate the advantages of the proposed method for AD prediction in longitudinal studies.
Using a Model to Define Data Needed for Policymaking: An Application to End-Stage Renal Disease

The collection of health care data often becomes an end in itself. Data bases are assembled in response to vaguely defined needs for data without a very clear idea of how the data will be used. At the same time, policymaking is often done without data because the data do not exist or are not in a form needed to evaluate policy alternatives. The mismatch between data that are collected and those required for policymaking results in both a waste of resources devoted to data collection and policies that are much less effective than they could be.
Reading, Writing, and Reparations: Systemic Reform of Public Schools As a Matter of Justice

This Article examines reparations as a means of supporting systemic reform of public education, focusing on a recent enactment of the Virginia General Assembly, the Brown v. Board of Education Scholarship Program and Fund (Brown Fund Act). This provision seeks to remedy the state's refusal to integrate schools after the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education by providing scholarships to persons denied an education between 1954 and 1964, a period known as massive resistance. Under this regime, the state's executive and legislative branches colluded to develop laws that defied Brown's mandate, including authorizing the governor to close public schools. One locality, Prince Edward County, went so far as to keep its schools closed for five years, but provided state-funded scholarships to enable white children to continue their learning. Black students, however, went without an education, or had to leave the area to get what state officials denied them. The paper examines the Brown Fund Act within several contexts to assess its efficacy as a remedy and as a form of reparations. Specifically, the paper examines key aspects of Virginia's history and finds that state imposed limits on educational opportunities were part of larger systemic subordination of African Americans. Thus, for example, laws proscribing literacy for slaves, limiting the franchise for Blacks, denying integration in schooling, and enabling Black taxpayer dollars to be diverted to white schools combined to maintain a caste system in which Blacks perpetually would occupy the lower rungs. Viewed in this light, the Brown Fund Act is only a partial remedy and not truly reparative. The paper thus concludes by building upon the work of Professor Eric Yamamoto, and others, who have posited that reparations should emphasize material change by, inter alia, repairing institutions that have been tainted by state-sanctioned, state-enforced subjugation. The institution in need of repair in this instance is public education. In this regard, the paper explores a variety of legislative measures the state should pursue to effectuate such change and provide justice that it so long denied its Black citizens.
Initiation of Parturition in Dairy Cows with Dexamethasone. I. Cow Response and Performance

Abstract Parturition was initiated in 25 of 29 Holstein cows given dexamethasone (4.4 mg/100 kg body weight) intramuscularly at day 273 of gestation. Parturition occurred at 45.1 ± 11.1 h after injection. The 29 control cows which were compared to 29 induced cows had an average gestation length of 280 days. Calving difficulty was greater while birth weight of calves was 3.0 kg less for the induced cows compared to control cows. Severity of udder edema did not differ between groups. Average daily milk production for the first 9 wk of lactation was 24.8 kg and 27.8 kg for the induced and control groups. Differences in milk fat or fat-corrected milk were nil. Changes in body weight were similar for all cows. Incidence of retained placental membranes was 76 and 10% for induced and control cows. Average days to first heat, days to first service, days to conception, and services per conception for induced cows were 58.4, 79.9, 117.8, and 2.0 and for control cows were 58.6, 82.3, 105.5, and 1.8. The incidence of milk fever in cows with no previous history was 24 and 10% for induced and control cows. Results of California Mastitis Tests taken at 15 and 30 days post calving were similar. Fat, protein, total solids, and gamma globulin content of the colostrum did not differ between groups.
Explaining Perceptions of Campaign Tone

This research explores the extent to which the news media are able to shape people’s views of political campaigns, focusing specifically on their assessments of campaign tone. Does the news media’s portrayal of campaign tone - typically quite negative - do more to shape evaluations of campaign tone, or are people turning to more personal experiences with campaign advertising to make such assessments? And if the former, by what route do the media influence perceptions of campaign tone? In order to investigate such questions, we take public opinion data from the 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study and combine it with ad tracking data and a content analysis of the newspapers and local television newscasts to which respondents were exposed. We then use these measures to predict people’s perceptions of campaign tone, finding a strong role for political advertising in shaping perceptions but a weaker role for the news media.
Methane flux to the atmosphere from the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster

[1] The sea-to-air flux of methane from the blowout at the Deepwater Horizon was measured with substantial spatial and temporal resolution over the course of seven days in June 2010. Air and water concentrations were analyzed continuously from a flowing air line and a continuously flowing seawater equilibrator using cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) and a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results indicate a low flux of methane to the atmosphere (0.024 μmol m−2 d−1) with atmospheric and seawater equilibrium mixing ratios averaging 1.86 ppm and 2.85 ppm, respectively within the survey area. The oil leak, which was estimated to contain 30.2% methane by weight, was not a significant source of methane to the atmosphere during this study. Most of the methane emitted from the wellhead was dissolved in the deep ocean.
On Cosmological Spacetime Structure and Symmetry: Manifold as a Lie Group, Spinor Structure and Symmetry Group, Minkowski Metric, and Unnecessariness of Double-Valued Representations

It is shown that cosmological spacetime manifold has the structure of a Lie group and a spinor space. This leads naturally to the Minkowski metric on tangent spaces and the Lorentzian metric on the manifold and makes it possible to dispense with double-valued representations.