cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mammalian ependyma: Some physico-chemical determinants of ciliary activity☆

Abstract The effects of different electrolytes, ionic strength, univalent/divalent cation ratio, pH and temperature on the ciliary activity of mammalian ependyma were studied by phase contrast microscopy. Empirical criteria were established for evaluating the relative favorability of different electrolytes for maintaining the beat frequency of cilia. It was found that univalent cations could be ordered in a clear sequence, directly related to classic lyotropic series found for protein macromolecules, both within the nervous system and in colloid chemistry in general. The results are interpreted in terms of current concepts of interactions between charged macromolecules and their physicochemical environment. Several determinants of macromolecular conformation are discussed, and one macromolecular interpretation of ciliary activity is presented which is analogous to the “two stable-state” theory of nerve excitation.
Influence of deposition parameters on the reflectivity of multilayer hard x-ray mirrors

We present the results of a study of the influence of the deposition process parameters on the X-ray reflectivity of multilayer mirrors for applications at energies above 10 keV. The coating process used is DC magnetron sputtering and we have begun an optimization analysis for two material combinations: W/Si and Pt/C. The following process parameters were considered: argon pressure, distance between cathodes and substrate, and sputtering cathode currents. The samples are coated on 2' polished silicon wafers and their X-ray reflectivity is measured by performing a specular scan with an 8.05 keV (Cu K-alpha) X-ray beam. The reflectivity scans were analyzed with the IMD software and the fitted interface roughness values were correlated with the deposition parameters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical treatment of the data allows the determination of the contribution of each process parameter to the reflectivity and establishes which of the parameters need tighter control.
Internationalism in psychology: We need it now more than ever.

A concern with international cooperation in psychology has been present since the beginnings of psychology as a science. In this article, the author traces the development of international cooperation from the late 19th century to the present day to document the interesting ways in which the forms of collaboration have always been related to the large social and political contexts of which they are a part. This historical material is followed by an autobiographical account of the author's own involvement in cooperative international research to illustrate how such activity can play out. A few selected collaborative enterprises are then described to emphasize the point that psychology stands to benefit enormously from continued international cooperation, especially in times of international conflict such as that being experienced at the present time. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
TANDEM DUPLICATION OF CHROMOSOME 1q IN FRYNS SYNDROME

A newborn male with Fryns syndrome (FS), a lethal autosomal recessive condition, also had mosaic tandem duplication of chromosome 1q. Multiple malformations were noted at birth including diaphragmatic hernia, cleft palate, microglossia, hypoplastic digits, micrognathia, long philtrum, thin upper lip and short nose. The baby died at 5 hrs. of age. Autopsy revealed absent right middle lobe, bilateral renal cysts, hypoplastic renal arteries, urethral stricture, hydronephrosis and aortic coarctation. Chromosome analysis showed an abnormal constitution in 63% of lymphocytes: 46,XY/46,XY, dup(l) (q24q31.2). Parental chromosomes were normal. Possible explanations for a chromosomal abnormality in an autosomal recessive syndrome are (1) the chromosome anomaly could be coincidental, (2) partial trisomy for 1q could produce a phenocopy, (3) the gene for FS may be on 1q. This structural abnormality could have transformed a heterozygous carrier state into an hemizygous state with full expression of FS by disrupting the normal allele. Alternatively, the abnormal allele may have been amplified by the duplication here. This case poses many interesting questions regarding the relationship between chromosomal anomalies and mendelian traits.
Vision function abnormalities in Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive, age-related debilitating condition that is a growing public health problem in the developed world. Visual system abnormalities in AD were recognized in the early 1970s, but were initially considered to be of strictly cortical origin. Studies in the past 20 years reveal that all parts of the visual system may be affected, including the optic nerve and the retina. Some aspects of this involvement are still not well understood and are the subjects of intensive research. We summarize and focus on findings that may be of more practical interest to the ophthalmologist.
Computing capabilities at Argentine and Chilean universities

The author reports on a trip to universities in Argentina and Chile during November 1968, describing university conditions and computing activities. As elsewhere, these universities are experiencing student discontent with the status quo and the solutions they are attempting contrast: Argentina is excluding students from participating in university government; Chile is allowing such participation. University computing service and academic activities are limited. The number of computers is small and so is the capacity, none larger than an IBM 360/40; with some exception, computing science academic programs are rare. This situation is by no means attributable to those responsible for computing developments, who strive for excellence; rather the “system” is hard to overcome. Universities, especially those with strong European traditions, adapt slowly to new academic resources and disciplines; superimposed are the severe technological and economic constraints of the developing nation. Consequently, in the absence of conscious government emphasis on strengthening computing capabilities, future progress may be retarded.
Cancer-testis antigen expression is shared between epithelial ovarian cancer tumors

Abstract Objectives Cancer-testis (CT) antigens have been proposed as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Our objective was to evaluate the expression of a panel of CT antigens in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tumor specimens, and to determine if antigen sharing occurs between tumors. Methods RNA was isolated from EOC tumor specimens, EOC cell lines and benign ovarian tissue specimens. Real time-PCR analysis was performed to determine the expression level of 20 CT antigens. Results A total of 62 EOC specimens, 8 ovarian cancer cell lines and 3 benign ovarian tissues were evaluated for CT antigen expression. The majority of the specimens were: high grade (62%), serous (68%) and advanced stage (74%). 58 (95%) of the EOC tumors analyzed expressed at least one of the CT antigens evaluated. The mean number of CT antigen expressed was 4.5 (0-17). The most frequently expressed CT antigen was MAGE A4 (65%). Antigen sharing analysis showed the following: 9 tumors shared only one antigen with 62% of the evaluated specimens, while 37 tumors shared 4 or more antigens with 82%. 5 tumors expressed over 10 CT antigens, which were shared with 90% of the tumor panel. Conclusion CT antigens are expressed in 95% of EOC tumor specimens. However, not a single antigen was universally expressed across all samples. The degree of antigen sharing between tumors increased with the total number of antigens expressed. These data suggest a multi-epitope approach for development of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Estimation of effective transport coefficients in porous solids based on percolation concepts

Abstract Present available means to predict mass transport of gases in porous solids are inaccurate as a consequence of the inherent difficulties encountered in properly relating the local transport coefficients to the highly complex pore space. Within the concepts of percolation theory we make use of a network model of pore topology, a Bethe lattice, to simulate pore space related properties in porous solids. This network allows an exact evaluation of effective transport coefficients for binary mixtures, without resorting to tortuosity factors. In addition, it fundamentally accounts for the influences of narrow necks, tortuous paths and dead ends. A general form of the “dusty gas” model is used to describe transport at a pore level. The method is simple to use and model predictions are in good agreement with published experimental data.
CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIZING CELLS IN THE EMBRYONIC MOUSE HEART

The heart is a primary source of epinephrine and norepinephrine during embryonic development, yet little is known about the cardiac cells that produce these catecholamine hormones. To identify when and where catecholamine-synthesizing cells are found in the embryonic heart, we developed a novel mouse genetic model by "knocking-in" the Cre-recombinase gene to the locus encoding for the epinephrine biosynthetic enzyme, phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase. When crossed with ROSA26 reporter mice, the beta-galactosidase gene is activated in adrenergic cells. A major advantage of this approach is that it allows detection of adrenergic cells and their progeny, regardless of whether the progeny cells retain an adrenergic phenotype or not. Our data show that adrenergic cells appear as early as embryonic day 8.5 and continue to accumulate in substantial numbers through birth in the mouse heart, where they appear to share common ancestry with myocardial lineages. Large numbers of atrial and especially ventricular myocytes appear to be derived from embryonic adrenergic cells in the heart. In addition, many of the pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes also appear to be derived from an adrenergic lineage. Thus, our results suggest that catecholamine-synthesizing cells serve as cardiomyocyte progenitors in the embryonic heart.
Connectivity control on Lie groups

The preservation of connectivity in networks is critical to the success of existing algorithms designed to achieve various goals. Control laws increasing the connectivity of a given state-dependent graph have been formulated for agents evolving on the Euclidean space. In this paper, we show that similar control laws can be adapted to more general spaces. In particular, we consider agents whose configuration space is represented by a Lie group. In addition, we will require the resulting control law to be symmetric with respect to the natural group action, with the intention that additional controllers for the group action may be implemented on top of the connectivity controllers.
Polygonic interpretation of the Steiner analysis.

T he value of cephalometrics as an aid to orthodontic diagnosis is firmly established. Cephalometric analyses range in nature from pictorial evaluations of the face, such as the Moorrees mesh,’ to numerical evaluations, such as the Steine+ 3 and Downs4 analyses. Between these two types are those analyses which contain elements of both, such as the Margolis5 triangle and the Rickett@ synthesis. In addition, attempts have been made to illustrate graphically what are essentially numerical analyses. Examples of these are the Wylie transparencies7 and the Vorhies-Adams Polygons-1o as applied to the Downs analysis. The purpose of the present article is to produce just such a graphic representation for the Steiner analysis. The concepts on which the analysis is based and the manner in which it is utilized have been well documented.2p 3 Means have been published for most of the criteria within the analysis. Standard deviations, however, have been documented for only a few; therefore, it was deemed necessary to derive means and standard deviations for the entire analysis.
IL-5 Is the Predominant Eosinophil-active Cytokine in the Antigen-induced Pulmonary Late-phase Reaction

The mechanism of airway eosinophilia during antigen-induced inflammation was investigated by measurement of eosinophil-active cytokines utilizing an eosinophil survival assay. In the first study, 4 patients with allergic rhinitis underwent segmental bronchoprovocation (SBP) with low, medium, and high doses of ragweed extract instilled into different bronchial subsegments; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected from each segment 12 min and 48 h after challenge. Eosinophil granule proteins and eosinophil survival activity were significantly elevated in the 48-h (late-phase) BAL fluids from these segments. Correlations were observed between the concentrations of eosinophil granule proteins and eosinophil survival activity (rs = 0.717 to 0.880, p < 0.001) in BAL fluids. Eosinophil survival activity was completely neutralized by anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody in five of the seven 48-h samples tested representing three of the 4 patients. In the two remaining samples, eosinophil survival activity was ...
Oblique plane‐wave scattering from circular cylinders of periodic circular discs using asymptotic corrugated boundary conditions

An infinite circular cylinder, made of periodic circular conducting discs separated by circular dielectric discs, is considered. The cylinder is excited by an oblique plane-wave incident. A simple asymptotic solution is presented for the problem by considering that the periodicity period approaches zero. The asymptotic corrugation boundary conditions are enforced on the cylinder's surface. The series solution is verified with the numerical solution when the ratio between the separation distances between the conducting discs to the period is finite and ≤1. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 33–35, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11278
Funding Nutrition Research: Where's the Money?

While a great idea that can be developed into a viable hypothesis is central to the development of a meritorious research proposal, without funding, the evidence base supporting or reputing a hypothesis cannot be advanced. A wide variety of funding sources exist for nutrition research, including governmental, organizational, industrial, and intramural-based funding; however, understanding the “language” of research funding can be challenging. This review provides an overview of funding sources, guidelines for securing funding, and recommendations to support a successful application for clinical nutrition research.
The utility and limitations of size and spacing guidelines for designing marine protected area (MPA) networks

Marine protected areas (MPAs) implemented to conserve biodiversity must protect many species with a broad range of movement characteristics. To meet that goal, size and spacing guidelines have been used in MPA network design as a proxy for explicitly representing connectivity and species movement. However, there has been no assessment of the biological effects of these simple rules. We evaluated these guidelines by estimating population persistence with a spatially explicit population model over: (1) an idealized coastline and (2) an example from California, USA. Persistence of a species within an MPA network depends strongly on its movement characteristics; therefore we used the number of combinations of larval dispersal distances and adult home range diameters as an index representing the number of species that could be protected by a MPA network. The index of species protected usually increased steadily with increasing MPA size. By contrast, decreasing MPA spacing only produced large increases in the index when spacing became close enough to allow species persistence via network connectivity rather than self replenishment. Species persistence also depended on the exploitation rate outside MPAs. Size and spacing guidelines are a simple and useful way to begin the MPA network design process, but meeting these guidelines does not guarantee persistence for all populations one may wish to protect. The use of spatially explicit population dynamics models that evaluate population persistence directly provides a more comprehensive basis for comparing proposed MPA network designs.
A unified framework for multi-agent agreement

Multi-Agent Agreement Problems (MAP) - the ability of a population of agents to search out and converge on a common state - are central issues in many multi-agent settings, from distributed sensor networks, to meeting scheduling, to development of norms, conventions, and language. While much work has been done on particular agreement problems no unifying framework exists for comparing MAPs that vary in, e.g., strategy space complexity, inter-agent accessibility, and solution type, and understanding their relative complexities. We present such a unification, the Distributed Optimal Agreement (DOA) framework, and show how it captures a wide variety of agreement problems. To demonstrate DOA and its power we apply it to convention evolution. 1
Calcipotriol in Vitiligo: A Preliminary Study

A large variety of therapeutic agents have been tried for the treatment of vitiligo, but psoralens continue to be the main treatment. Twenty-one patients age 5 to 17 years with vitiligo were enrolled in this study. The children were advised to apply calcipotriol 50 microg/g in the evening and expose themselves to sunlight the next day for 10 to 15 minutes. The patients were followed at 3-week intervals. Initial repigmentation occurred in the majority of children after 6 to 12 weeks of treatment. Marked to complete repigmentation was seen in 10 of 18 patients. Four patients showed moderate improvement while the remaining four patients showed minimal or no improvement. No patient developed new lesions. The repigmentation was cosmetically excellent in the majority of children. All patients tolerated the calcipotriol well except for three patients who complained of mild irritation on application. All of the laboratory investigations, including serum calcium levels remained normal. The rationale for this study originated from recent advances in the understanding of vitiligo at the molecular level. Furthermore, development of hyperpigmentation in patients with psoriasis receiving treatment with PUVA and calcipotriol has been observed. Our results are encouraging and offer a new and potentially efficacious treatment for this pigmentation disorder in children.
‘Turn Again, Tourneur’: Maurice Tourneur between France and Hollywood

ABSTRACTAlthough he is rarely discussed by contemporary film historians, Maurice Tourneur was one of the most important and influential directors of his era. Working to great acclaim on two continents, he developed a unique, pictorially rich style and consciously attempted to elevate the artistic standards of film production. The article examines the challenges and rewards of such an approach by looking closely at Tourneur's 35-year career, which exemplifies the complex relationship between the film cultures of France and America.
Super-miniaturized MF antenna for borehole

In this paper we present a medium frequency (MF) band helical dipole antenna for borehole application. The proposed antenna is loaded with a ferrite-bundle and is optimized to achieve an ultra-compact size to fit within a volume of λ0/1337 × λ0/1337 × λ0/80 while maintaining a relatively high efficiency. To feed the antenna from the center using an external source, the effect of a metallic cylinder placed in the center is also examined.
NK-cell-associated receptor expression in hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, insights into pathogenesis

NK-cell-associated receptor expression in hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, insights into pathogenesis
Scheduling data processing flows under budget constraint on the cloud

Cloud computing is emerging as a promising paradigm for large-scale data-intensive queries modeled as complex Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-structured dataflows with arbitrary data operators as nodes and producer-consumer interactions as directed edges. The optimization problem of scheduling dataflows on the Cloud is a very complex and challenging task which is similar to query optimization. Optimization must satisfy a variety of objectives and constraints, while taking into account the particular characteristics of the underlying Cloud environment. In addition to achieving minimum completion time, the commercialization of Clouds requires policies to take users' economic concerns as well. In this paper, we formulate scheduling of dataflows onto Cloud resources under the objective of minimizing the completion time under certain budget constraint. A heuristic scheduling algorithm, Layer-oriented Resource Allocation within Budget constraint (LRA-B) is proposed and evaluated. Experiments are conducted on numerous dataflows and Cloud environment configurations, and the overall results are quite promising and indicate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Net entry of amino acids into the brittle star Ophionereis annulata

Abstract 1. 1. Net entry of 15 amino acids occurs from dilute solution, as demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography. 2. 2. The influx of radiolabeled glycine, serine and leucine equals net entry of those substrates. 3. 3. Rates of net entry of substrate are sufficiently rapid to provide a significant nutritional supplement to the organism.
Lattice methods for heavy quarks

I compare and contrast the various methods for heavy quarks on the lattice. I discuss which methods work best for different physical systems and the ease with which calculations may be performed.
Development of a pixel readout chip for BTeV

A description is given of the R&D program underway at Fermilab to develop a pixel readout ASIC appropriate for use at the Tevatron collider. Results are presentetd frOm tests performed on the first prototype pixel readout chip deigned at Fermilab, and a new readout architecture is described.
B and D mesons on the lattice

I review the status of lattice calculations of D and B mesons decay constants and semileptonic decay form factors, as well as B 0 – B ¯ 0 mixing parameters. I will mainly discuss those calculations that fully incorporate vacuum polarization effects by considering three flavours of sea quarks.
Progress In IR Optical Fibers

AbstractA quantitative assessment of bulk chalcogenide glass material properties was conducted for the As -S, As -Se, As- Se -Te, Ge- As -Se, and Ge -As -Te glass systems. The promising glasscandidates were subsequently drawn into optical fibers by the crucible technique, and fiberattenuation losses were measured at wavelengths of He:Ne and CO2 laser sources. H. Glass preparation and purificationGlass samples were formed in quartz ampoules which had been previously baked at approxi-mately 1000 °C for 18 hours under high vacuum, typically 2 x 10 -7 mbar. The ampoules were20 mm OD x 15 mm ID at the neck and flared out for a length of 23 cm to 27 mm OD x 24 mmID, to facilitate larger sample sizes -- typically 60 gram batches. Due to the tendency oftellerium based chalcogenides to crystallize, some difficulty was experienced in fabricat-ing Ge -As -Te glasses in the above ampoules and batch sizes. Thus, 20 gram samples of theGe -As -Te glass system were prepared in quartz ampoules with 20 mm x 15 mm neck reduced downto 11 mm x 9 mm for 17 cm length. No crystallization problems were encountered using thesesmaller diameter quartz tubes.Elemental starting materials were of 99.9999 percent purity with the exception of metal-lic arsenic which was of 99.99 percent purity. Due to oxide and water contaminants, thestarting materials were further purified by thermal or chemical etch techniques.Due to the high volatility of the oxide of arsenic (s.p. = 315 °C) relative to the metal(s.p. = 613 °C), trace oxide contaminants were removed from the metallic surface by heatingunder vacuum at 350 °C for 4 hours. Similarly, absorbed water and oxide species wereremoved from elemental sulfur and selenium by melting the elements under mechanical pump
69 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

Learning disorders and developmental delays in middle childhood involve the functions developing most rapidly during this period. This study employed a new neurodevelopmental exam for this age group. Pearson Correlation Coefficients relating age in years to task performance were determined for a random sample of youngsters (n=426) stratified by age (9-15 years) and gender. Subjects were drawn equally from 3 working class communities. Significant correlations (r2>0.05, p 0.05, p<0.001) was seen on 3/3 fine motor items involving rapid retrieval memory, including finger opposition speed and cursive writing rate. Marked progression (r2=0.05 to 0.18, p<0.001) was noted on 2/2 language items involving rapid retrieval memory, such as rapid category naming, and 2/2 expressive language tasks. Less significant development with age (r2≤0.04) was found on all 3 pure fine motor tasks (such as imitative finger movement), 2/3 receptive language tasks not involving rapid retrieval memory, and on 1/2 visual-perceptual tasks, all commonly stressed in traditional evaluations for school problems. The acquisition of efficiency of output and rapid retrieval memory appears to be a major accomplishment of middle childhood and delays in such rapidly progressing skills may play a significant role in impairing academic productivity. Neurodevelopmental assessments for this age group should emphasize such quickly developing functions.
A problem oriented pedagogy for computer language instruction

Training in computer languages has become an integral part of most programs in the Decision Sciences. However, in many instances, the educational efforts have focuses primarily on language syntax and structure, where short programming problems are assigned to students in order to emphasize a particular technique or subset of of instructions in the language. Such an approach implicitly avoids the overall purpose of computer language instruction: providing the student with a means of integrating the computer into problem solving activities.The purpose of this discussion is to introduce several techniques which have proven effective in teaching not just language syntax and structure, but also modular programming and documentation for business oriented problems. Each of these topical areas needs to be addressed in programming language courses in such a way that the student not only gains a meaningful understanding of the concepts, but also grasps an awareness of the particular value of the concept in business applications. A methodology is presented which has successfully been adopted in computer programming courses at both the graduate and undergraduate levels.
Effective Properties of Composites Whose Reinforcement has Microstructure

A local averaging procedure is proposed for determining effective properties of a reinforcement that has microstructure. This allows reduction in the number of microstructural scales. Composites that have hollow fibers were analyzed using finite elements to study the effect of homogenization of the hollow fiber. The results emphasize the importance of in situ modeling when determining the effective properties. The effect of different factors such as fiber shape, void fraction in the fiber, fiber wall stiffness and fiber fraction of the composite on the effective properties of the hollow fiber and the composite are studied. Three different shapes were considered—square, hexagonal and circular. The circular hollow fiber could be considered as an idealized single wall carbon nanotube and predicted properties were taken from the literature to mimic a carbon nanotube in a matrix.
Effect of Montelukast and Fluticasone Propionate on Airway Mucosal Blood Flow in Asthma

Asthma is associated with an increase in airway blood flow (Qaw), presumably as a manifestation of airway inflammation. We therefore determined the effect of the antiinflammatory agents montelukast (ML) and fluticasone propionate (FP) on Qaw in 12 patients with mild intermittent asthma. Using a double-blind approach, Qaw along with FEV(1) and Vmax(50) were determined before and after a 2-week treatment period with either ML (10 mg/day), FP (440 microg/day), or 10 mg of ML plus 440 microg of FP daily, separated by 2-week washout periods. Mean (+/- SEM) Qaw ranged from 68 +/- 4.2 to 71.8 +/- 5.9 microl x minute(-1) x ml(-1) anatomic dead space before the treatment periods. ML, FP, and ML plus FP decreased mean Qaw by 21.5, 20.8, and 26.9%, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed among the three regimens. FEV(1) and Vmax(50) were not changed by any of the treatments. We conclude that at the dosages used, ML and FP are equipotent in reducing Qaw in patients with mild asthma, and that the magnitude of the response is not greater if the two drugs are combined. The results also suggest that the vascular effects of these agents can be assessed independent of their effects on airway function.
Meta-gratings for highly-compact holographic imaging systems

We present a diffraction-based computational imaging paradigm and illustrate its applications for a highly-compact imaging systems capable of 3D imaging with 2D sensors.
Ergosterol as an indicator of endophyte biomass in grass tissue

Endophytic fungi of cool-season grasses grow primarily in the intercellular spaces of the grass leaf sheath and the aleurone layer of infected seed (Hinton and Bacon, I 985). Because this association is completely endophytic, and therefore inaccessible, the growth and physiology of endophytes in planta is poorly understood. Microscopic analysis of sectioned and stained tissues remains the primary method for the identification and quantitation of hyphae in infected grass leaves (Bacon, 1992; Breen, 1992). Unfortunately, these methods are tedious and not suitable for routine work. Biochemical markers such as glucosamine, extracellular lacase and adenosine 5′- triphosphate have been used to quantitate fungal biomass in other complex materials (Matcham et al., 1985; Suberkropp et al., 1993), but these methods also have disadvantages such as poor reproducibility and the potential interference from compounds in the plant tissue itself.
Self-managed leadership: An alternative school governance structure

This paper explores how the current governance structure of American schools detracts from their ability to solve the educational problems that confront them. The paper argues that the current structure restricts the problem-solving capabilities of teachers. Teacher empowerment is a step in the right direction, but is frequently too narrowly defined and thus falls short of maximizing the utilization of potential. An alternative structure, self-managed leadership, is proposed. Implications for principal and teacher roles and behavior are examined. Implementation and potential issues and problems are discussed.
A 22.4 dBm Two-Way Wilkinson Power-Combined Q-Band SiGe Class-E Power Amplifier with 23% Peak PAE

A Q-band two-stage Class-E power amplifier is designed and fabricated in a 0.13 μm SiGe HBT BiCMOS process. A low-loss wide-band two-way Wilkinson power combiner is used for on-chip power dividing and combining at the input and output of the design. A mm-wave layout-aware class-E design procedure has been followed to enable efficient switching mode operation of the power amplifier in the Q-band. Stabilization networks and subharmonic terminations have been included to prevent the occurrence of unwanted impact ionization-induced negative base current and even/odd mode oscillation in the power-combined design. The fabricated chip shows a measured performance of 22.4 dBm output power at 23% peak power added efficiency (PAE), and 9 dB power gain across 4 GHz centered around 45 GHz for a supply voltage of 2.5 V. The total chip area including the pads is 1.1 mm x 2.2 mm.
Effects of vitamin D on magnesium metabolism in rats.

The effect of a single dose of 5000 IU of vitamin D on the concentrations of magnesium in serum and bone and the excretion of magnesium in urine of vitamin D-deficient rats fed either a magnesium-deficient or control diet was determined. Vitamin D treatment caused a more rapid decrease of bone and serum magnesium concentrations of rats placed on a low magnesium diet. Urinary magnesium excretion was higher in the vitamin D-treated rats. Thiseffect was seen in rats fed the magnesium-containing control diet as well as the magnesiumdeficient ration. The effect of vitamin D in increasing the renal clearance of magnesium is opposite to that of parathyroid hormone. This may indicate a separate action of vitamin D on renal tubular function or an inhibition of parathyroid hormone output by vitamin D. (Endocrinology 81: 849,1967)
Drug-Induced Toxicities Associated with High-Dose Cytosine Arabinoside Infusions

The frequency and significance of central nervous system (CNS), ocular, and dermatologic toxicities associated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDARA-C) infusions was evaluated. Patients were selected from one of three Southeastern Cancer Study Group protocols using HDARA-C 2-3 g/m2 body surface area (BSA) and their medical records were reviewed to identify and document the frequency of the toxicities. Those exhibiting CNS toxicity were compared across age, sex, race, previous standard-dose ARA-C or HDARA-C therapy, and infusion rate for toxicity occurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test with p less than 0.05. Of the 53 patients evaluated, 37.7% exhibited CNS, 37.7% ocular, and 45.3% dermatologic toxicities. Of the risk factors evaluated, only increasing age and previous ARA-C therapy approached statistical significance. The CNS toxicities associated with HDARA-C are clinically significant since permanent damage may result. Ocular and dermatologic toxicities usually resolve without medical intervention when HDARA-C therapy is discontinued. Further study is necessary to determine appropriate prophylaxis for these toxicities.
The ultraviolet radiation environment of high southern latitudes: springtime behavior over a decadal timescale.

Four spectroradiometers located at latitudes from 55° to 90°S conducted near-continuous measurements of ground-level solar ultraviolet irradiance from 1990 through 2001. The behavior during months from October through December is of special interest because this period includes the springtime loss in column ozone and the naturally large irradiances of early summer. Monthly integrated irradiances using biological weightings for erythema and damage to DNA show a distortion of the normal annual cycle in irradiance, with enhanced values occurring in October and November. In some cases, these irradiances exceed those near summer solstice in December. Changes in local cloudiness and column ozone both contribute significantly to interannual variability in erythemal irradiance. This is particularly the case at Palmer Station, near 65°S, where the monthly integrated erythemal irradiance in November 1997 was more than double that observed 5 years earlier. In general, at sites on the Antarctic continent, interannual variability in monthly integrated erythemal irradiance is greatest in November, when the observation for any given year can fall 40% above or below the multiyear mean. Near the tip of South America, interannual variability is approximately half that seen in Antarctica.
Learning a discriminative classifier using shape context distances

For the purpose of object recognition, we learn one discriminative classifier based on one prototype, using shape context distances as the feature vector. From multiple prototypes, the outputs of the classifiers are combined using the method called "error correcting output codes". The overall classifier is tested on a benchmark dataset and is shown to outperform existing methods with far fewer prototypes.
The importance of what people care about

Happiness studies have rekindled interest in the measurement of subjective well-being, and often claim to track faithfully ‘what people care about’ in their lives. It is argued in this article that seeking to respect individuals’ preferences in the context of making intrapersonal and interpersonal comparisons for social evaluation has important and somewhat surprising implications, which shed light, in particular, on subjective measures and their objective alternatives, such as Sen’s capability approach. Four points are made. First, raw subjective well-being scores are problematic because they involve different calibration norms for different individuals or for the same individuals at different times. Money-metric and similar measures appear more attractive in this perspective. Second, if individuals genuinely care about their relative positions, incorporating such relative aspects in the evaluation of individual situations does not necessarily lead to rewarding the selfish and malevolent. Third, in the c...
Arrhenius Lifetimes of RNA Structures from Free Energy Landscapes

We develop a novel method to define an effective free energy barrier between various conformations available to an RNA sequence. Our approach utilizes the energy landscape computed using the ViennaRNA package. Replacing the energies with configurational free energies yields improved agreement with the Arrhenius law provided we account for the entropies of both the basin states and the barrier states. This improved agreement comes without altering the computational complexity class of the algorithm. We discuss the combinatorial explosion of high-energy states available to RNA, and the properties of Kawasaki and Metropolis transition models that affect the applicability our method.
Regulation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide gene expression by a glucose meal

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) enhances insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-islet cells. Its release has been demonstrated predominantly after the ingestion of carbohydrate and fat. We have recently cloned a rat intestinal GIP cDNA and in the present studies have used this cDNA as a probe for measuring rat duodenal GIP mRNA after nutrient administration. Rats were fasted overnight, after which they were permitted to drink water or 10% glucose. The duodenum was then removed, GIP mRNA was measured by Northern hybridization analysis, and duodenal mucosa and serum GIP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. In response to oral 10% glucose, duodenal mucosal GIP mRNA concentrations increased from 2 to 4 h, and at the end of 4 h a threefold increase was detected. Serum and mucosal GIP concentrations increased earlier, starting at 60 min, and levels remained elevated at 4 h. In separate studies, nuclear run-on assays were performed to compare the effects of glucose and water ingestion on transcription of the GIP gene. Whereas no increase in GIP gene transcription was detected in rats ingesting water, the rate of transcription doubled in glucose-fed rats. Actin gene transcription was nearly identical in both groups, indicating genomic specificity. The results of these studies indicate that duodenal GIP gene expression is stimulated at both the pre- and posttranslational levels by glucose-containing meals. These studies further suggest that the release of GIP from cellular storage granules might account for the initial increase in serum GIP levels after oral glucose ingestion.
The Benefits Of Risk: Teaching Entrepreneurs-To-Be About Risk-Taking

This paper reports on an innovative way to actively teach risk-taking to students majoring in entrepreneurship. Specifically, students completed a “Fundraising” assignment that involved different degrees of risk. Below, the qualitative experiences of students in one undergraduate class are shared. Additional, results of a short questionnaire suggested that the students believed the assignment was useful in meeting its objectives. In general, it appears that the fundraising activity was effective in helping students appreciate and understand the multiple roles risk plays in becoming an entrepreneur. Finally, feedback is provided from the students’ and professor’s viewpoints for improving upon the risk-taking assignment.
Population studies in microorganisms. I. Evolution of diploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The relative adaptation of isogenic haploid and diploid strains of yeast was investigated in different sets of physiological conditions. When all nutrients were present in excess, no difference in the reproductive rates of isogenic haploid and diploid strains of yeast was detected in both optimal and non-optimal growth conditions. Competition between haploid and diploid strains of yeast was observed when growth was limited by the concentration of a single nutrilite. Under certain conditions when fitness (reproductive rate) is determined by transport of an essential nutrilite that exists in very low concentrations, diploid cells were selected against. These environmental conditions are similar to those found in offshore marine environments where nutrients are often present in extremely low concentrations. The fitness of diploid cells was estimated to be.93 ±.02 (haploid fitness = 1). The reduced fitness of diploid cells in this environment can be explained by the reduced surface area/volume ratio possessed by diploid cells in comparison to haploid cells. The fitnesses of haploid and diploid cells in these environments are closely correlated with geometric variations in these strains. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diploid cells are simply double haploids, and diploidy per se does not confer any direct adaptive advantage. The mechanism of the evolution of diploidy as a dominant phase in the life cycle of higher plants and animals remains obscure.
Retinal vessel width measurements based on a graph-theoretic method

A reliable and accurate method to measure the width of retinal blood vessel in fundus photography is proposed in this paper. Our approach is based on a graph-theoretic algorithm. The two boundaries of the same blood vessel are segmented simultaneously by converting the two-boundary segmentation problem into a two-slice, three-dimension surface segmentation problem, which is further converted into the problem of computing a minimum closed set in a node-weighted graph. An initial segmentation is generated from a vessel probability image. Two datasets from the REVIEW database were used to assess the performance of proposed method. This algorithm is robust and is able to produce accurate measurements.
Data Protection and Intellectual Property: Information Systems and the Americanization of the New Europe

The introduction of computer-based information systems into the newly emerging democracies—and markets—of Central and Eastern Europe raises important questions. With information seen by many in gov...
Towards a constraint-based engineering framework for algorithm design and application

The search for programming frameworks that provide the formalism that can help organize literally thousands of algorithmic ideas and facilitate their applications to new problems is an important research direction in computer science. That is, we are seeking to develop a practical programming environment that allows the user to state a family of problems, and subsequently systematically apply a collection of established algorithmic techniques to individual problems correctly. In this note we informally discuss constraint networks as a vehicle that provides a general framework for the synthesis, abstraction and application of problem-specific algorithms.
"HR Strategies, HR Bundles, and the Top Management Teams' Moral Philosophies"

Drawing on normative ethic theory, this paper explores how top management teams' moral philosophies may contribute to their choices of human resource management strategies. Specifically, this study...
Self-dual orientable embeddings of Kn

Abstract Whenever Euler's Formula does not exclude a self-dual embedding of Kn in an orientable 2-manifold, we construct one. This completes a problem partially solved by Lothar Heffter in 1898 and Arthur White in 1973. The method employs a more general type of current graph than that used to construct triangular embeddings. Self-duality does not follow directly from the index one nature of the constructed embeddings.
Anorectoplasty for hemorrhoidal surgery.

T HIS paper was stimulated in part by the interest displayed in the panel discussion of complications of anorectal surgery presented at the 1954 meeting of the American ProctoIogic Society. During that discussion there was reference to the inclusion of raw surfaces in hemorrhoidal surgery for the purpose of drainage, and the role played by raw surfaces in relation to postoperative pain. This report is flased on a five-year series of about 700 cases. The procedure empIoyed in these cases is best described as “anorectopIasty,” one purpose of \vhich is to eliminate raw surfaces. It has been stated that no one surgical technic so far devised assures a uniformIy satisfactory operative cure in all cases of complicated hemorrhoids. InnumerabIe technics have been proposed for the removal and cure of internal hemorrhoids; they probably far outnumber those described for any other invoIved field or organ. I wish to describe a technic for radica1 cure of hemorrhoids, and comment on its advantages and disadvantages. Also, the anorectal status of IOO cases subjected to the procedure wiII be reviewed, \vith reports of the condition from two months to one year after operation. This procedure is indicated for the removal of all types of internal hemorrhoids whether or not associated with rectal prolapse, anal ulcer or chronic anorectal infection. Uncomplicated anorectal hstufa in the presence of surgical hemorrhoids is not a contraindication. It is an elective procedure; however, it is contraindicated in acute prolapse with diffuse thrombosis. Preparation qf Patient. The operative site should be as free from inflammatory reaction as possible. The freedom from untoward reaction postoperatively is influenced in anorectal surgery, as in tonsil or gallbladder surgery, by the absence of infection at the time of operation. The patient is prepared for surgery by the use of a high protein and low carbohydrate diet, elimination of chemica1 irritants from the proxima1 gastrointestina1 cana and by Iocal appIication of bacteriostatic agents calculated to control any infection present. The period of preparation wiI1 depend upon the amount of apparent IocaI infection present and may rc-
Four‐day, Forty‐hour Workweek for Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses

The four-day, 40-hour alternative work schedule was presented to professional nurses in the special care nursery at a hospital and medical center in Chicago, Illinois. Within a few months, every nurse in the unit, in addition to those newly recruited, elected to work the alternative schedule. The project was evaluated at 12 and 18 months, with encouraging results. The nurses perceived the 10-hour day as a major structural support enabling them to provide optimal patient care while coping with work-related stress.
Familial orthostatic tremor: an additional report in siblings.

Orthostatic tremor (OT) was a term first used to describe tremor that occurred in the legs while patients were standing, and which was relieved while patients were walking, seated, or supine.1 The disorder can be very disabling, and the treatment, which is largely unsuccessful, remains empiric.2,3 Although there is some evidence of a dopaminergic deficit,4 the exact circuit responsible for the high frequency, 13–18 Hz tremor that is pathognomonic for this disorder remains unclear. OT is thought to be sporadic rather than familial, which makes the search for a pathophysiologic mechanism particularly challenging. There are only 2 prior case reports of OT in siblings.5,6 Here we report a third sibling pair, each of whom had clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of OT.