cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Throughput Behavior in Multihop Multiantenna Wireless Networks

Multiantenna or MIMO systems offer great potential for increasing the throughput of multihop wireless networks via spatial reuse and/or spatial multiplexing. This paper characterizes and analyzes the maximum achievable throughput in multihop, MIMO-equipped, wireless networks under three MIMO protocols, spatial reuse only (SRP), spatial multiplexing only (SMP), and spatial reuse and multiplexing (SRMP), each of which enhances the throughput, but via a different way of exploiting MIMO's capabilities. We show via extensive simulation that as the number of antennas increases, the maximum achievable throughput first rises and then flattens out asymptotically under SRP, while it increases "almost" linearly under SMP or SRMP. We also evaluate the effects of several network parameters on this achievable throughput, and show how throughput behaves under these effects.
Improved logic synthesis algorithms for table look up architectures

The authors address the problem of synthesis for a popular class of programmable gate array architecture-the table look-up architectures. These use lookup table memories to implement logic functions. The authors present improved techniques for minimizing the number of table look up blocks used to implement a combinational circuit. On average, the results obtained on a set of benchmarks are 15-29% better than results obtained by previous approaches. >
Compelled Body Weight Shift Technique to Facilitate Rehabilitation of Individuals with Acute Stroke

Background. The study evaluates the effectiveness of Compelled Body Weight Shift (CBWS) approach in the rehabilitation of individuals with stroke. CBWS involves a forced shift of body weight towards a person’s affected side by means of a shoe insert that establishes a lift of the nonaffected lower extremity. Methods. Eleven patients with acute stroke were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a two-week conventional physical therapy combined with CBWS and the control group received only a two-week conventional therapy. Weight bearing, Gait velocity, Berg’s Balance, and Fugl-Meyer’s Scores were recorded before and after the intervention. Results. Weight bearing on the affected side increased in the experimental group and decreased in the control group. The increase in gait velocity with treatment was significant in both the groups ( P< 0.05). However, experimental group (P = 0.01) demonstrated larger improvements in gait velocity compared to the controlgroup(P = 0.002).BergBalanceandFugl-Meyerscoresincreasedforboththegroups.Conclusion.Theimplementationofa two-weekinterventionwithCBWSresultedintheimprovementinweightbearingandgaitvelocityofindividualswithacutestroke. The present preliminary study suggests that CBWS technique could be implemented as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation program for individuals with acute stroke.
Tetrasomy 15q25.2→qter identified with SNP microarray in a patient with multiple anomalies including complex cardiovascular malformation.

We report on a male neonate with prenatally diagnosed mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome and multiple congenital anomalies. Prenatal ultrasound imaging revealed a heart defect, pleural effusion, clubbed feet, and absent right kidney. Clinical cytogenetic analysis of amniocytes identified a marker chromosome present in 10 out of 15 cells analyzed. Clinical evaluation of the neonate revealed distinct facial features, complex heart defects, solitary left kidney, and arachnodactyly. Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes demonstrated an abnormal male karyotype with a marker chromosome present in all 24 cells examined. To identify the marker chromosome, SNP microarray analysis was performed which detected the presence of a two copy gain of 17.7 Mb of DNA from the distal long arm of chromosome 15 (15q25.2-qter). FISH analysis using a probe specific to the 15q26.3 region showed one signal on each normal 15q and two signals, one on each arm of the marker chromosome resulting in four copies. Distal tetrasomy 15q is rare. Only 11 cases have been described in the literature, all due to a supernumerary analphoid marker chromosome consisting of an inverted duplication of the distal long arm of chromosome 15. We report on a unique patient with tetrasomy 15q with complex cardiovascular malformation (CVM) involving progressive diffuse pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS). We propose overexpression of three genes, ADAMTSL3, MESP1, and MESP2 as a potential mechanism for cardiac and vessel malformations associated with tetrasomy 15q. Finally, we believe cardiac defects with this genetic syndrome are a poor prognostic finding associated with high mortality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE PART XII: PERIOD-3, PERIOD-6, AND PERMUTIVE RULES

This 12th part of our Nonlinear Dynamics Perspective of Cellular Automata concludes a series of three articles devoted to CA local rules having robust periodic ω-limit orbits. Here, we consider only the two rules, and , constituting the third of the six groups in which we classified the 1D binary Cellular Automata. Among the numerous theoretical results contained in this article, we emphasize the complete characterization of the ω-limit orbits, both robust and nonrobust, of these two rules and the proof that period-3 and period-6 ω-limit orbits are dense for and , respectively. Furthermore, we will also introduce the fundamental concepts of perfect period-T orbitsets and riddled basins, and see how they emerge in rule . As stated in the title, we also focus on permutive rules, which have been introduced in a previous installment of our series but never thoroughly studied. Indeed, we will review some of the well-known properties of such rules, like the surjectivity, examining their implications for finite and bi-infinite Cellular Automata. Finally, we propose a new list of the 88 globally-independent local rules, which is slightly different from the one we have used so far but has the great advantage of being selected via a rigorous methodology and not an arbitrary choice. For the sake of completeness, we display in the appendix the basin tree diagrams and the portraits of the ω-limit orbits of the rules from this refined table which have not yet been reported in our previous articles.
Images, perceptions, and foreign policy: New directions in the study of Sino‐American relations

Harry Harding, A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China since 1972 (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1992). Richard Madsen, China and the American Dream: A Moral Inquiry (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995). A. Owen Aldridge, The Dragon and the Eagle: The Presence of China in the American Enlightenment (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993). David Shambaugh, Beautiful Imperialist: China Perceives America, 1972–1990 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991). Jie Chen, Ideology in US Foreign Policy: Case Studies in US China Policy (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1992). Shu Guang Zhang, Deterrence and Strategic Culture: Chinese‐American Confrontations, 1949–1958 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992). Qiang Zhai, The Dragon, the Lion, and the Eagle: Chinese‐British‐American Relations, 1949–1958 (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1994).
Duplex Scanning for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

An accurate diagnosis of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) can usually be established based on the clinical history, vascular examination including pulse palpation, and Doppler survey of the femoral and pedal arteries. With the development of symptomatic PAD, i.e., disabling claudication, critical limb ischemia (ischemic rest pain, tissue loss), or peripheral aneurysmal disease, more detailed vascular testing is necessary for disease management. Peripheral arterial testing is best performed in an accredited facility by certified technical personnel and physicians experienced in test interpretation. Measurement of limb blood pressure in conjunction with duplex mapping of the arterial tree should be performed to assess disease location and severity. Duplex ultrasound scanning provides hemodynamic and anatomic information at no risk to the patient and ensures an accurate diagnosis.1, 2, 3, 4 Based on disease location and morphology, a decision to proceed with endovascular or surgical intervention is possible.5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Other vascular imaging modalities [contrast arteriography, computed tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)] do not provide hemodynamic information essential for the evaluation of symptomatic PAD, and formulating an individualized treatment plan.
Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties in Surface Irrigation

Proper design and management are essential to the efficient application of water with surface irrigation systems. Simulation models of the surface-irrigation process developed over the last five decades have become the main tool for predicting water flow and ultimate distribution over the length of a single furrow, basin, or border strip. With the advent of modern computer technologies, computations can be carried out in a matter of seconds. With the computational problems associated with mathematical modeling largely overcome, at least with simple geometries, in more recent times, the primary emphasis has shifted from simulation and research to practical design and management. Transferring this technology to practical users rests on the ability to supply the essential field data to enter into the design, management, and simulation of surface irrigation systems. In recognition of the need to bring these issues to the profession, in 1999, the ASCE/ EWRI Task Committee on Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties was formed by its parent On-Farm Irrigation Committee of the EWRI Irrigation and Drainage Council. The initial focus of the Committee was on the estimation of parameters of empirical formulations commonly used in irrigation practice. It was thought at the time, that the Committee members would compile a set of techniques from the literature, evaluate them in terms of their reliability, cost, and accuracy, and make recommendations for selection. It was found, instead, that irrigation researchers were nowhere near ready to confine their review to existing methods. The study opened up a whole area of research, with a need to probe more deeply into the ramifications of one or another previously neglected approach. Over the ten years of its existence, the Task Committee has sponsored 16 published conference presentations and two internal documents, and triggered new research and comments on old research presented in this special issue. The first paper, “Field Properties in Surface Irrigation Management and Design,” presents an overview of those hydraulic characteristics of a field that influence simulation, design, and management. Some of the issues discussed have not been studied in the past, but are included to give future researchers a head start, in the event it proves necessary to explain puzzling disagreement between simulation and measurement.
Nature of the divergence in low shear viscosity of colloidal hard-sphere dispersions.

Measurements of the low-shear viscosity h o with a Zimm-Crothers viscometer for dispersions of colloidal hard spheres are reported as a function of volume fraction f up to 0.56. Nonequilibrium theories based on solutions to the two-particle Smoluchoski equation or ideal mode coupling approximations do not capture the divergence. However, the nonhydrodynamic contribution to the relative viscosity Dh o is correlated over a wide range of volume fractions by the Doolittle and Adam-Gibbs equations, indicating an exponential divergence at f m50.62560.015. The data extend the previously proposed master curve, providing a test for improved theories for the many-body thermodynamic and hydrodynamic interactions that determine the viscosity of hard-sphere dispersions.
Stability and Change in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

As single volume nested within a handbook for all of psychology, our purpose was to provide the depth and breadth that would capture the domain of industrial and organizational psychology in a way valuable for scholars and students in that field. We also hoped to create a volume to which those outside the field could turn in order to gain an appreciation of the latest thinking and research in the area. This opening chapter first discusses some of the major accomplishments and new directions that have advanced this field since publication of the 2nd edition of the Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Dunnette & Hough, 1990). These “milestones” include the elaboration of models of job performance; completion of Project A, a long-term selection and classification research program in the U.S. Army; development of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), a database of occupational information about job requirements; advances in thinking about levels of analysis; renewed interest in viewing workers as individuals and as members of teams; considerable progress in learning about relations between variables using meta-analysis and other methods; and increased consideration of topics within a strategic human resource management framework. Finally, we commented on each of the 23 topical chapters, providing a preview of this volume's content. Keywords: industrial and organizational psychology; job performance; job satisfaction; leadership; personnel selection; training; work motivation
Efficiency issues in variable-capacitance micromotor drives

Efficiency issues of variable-capacitance micromotors are discussed in context of combined drive and motor interaction. It is shown that variable-capacitance motors ideally have nearly perfect energy conversion efficiency and constant torque if constant voltage is applied. However, the drive system consisting of both the motor and electronics is not ideal when considering different methods for charging capacitive devices. Constant-voltage vs. constant-current charging is explored. Simulation is used to clarify the theoretical concepts discussed
New directions in lifting surface theory

speed of sound, dimensionless aspect ratio of planar lifting surface wing semichord, ft chordwise dimension of area element in supersonic and transonic theory local wing chord, ft reference chordlength, ft 2L/PxU*S = lift coefficient coefficient of pitching moment (p — ?>oo)/(pooM/2) = pressure coefficient depth of x-y plane below free liquid surface, ft or dimensionless depth below free surface, referred to I U/(gl) = Froude number gravitational constant, ft/sec height of wing midspan above ground plane, ft; also downward bending or heaving displacement, ft reference value of bending displacement at wingtip ( —1) /2 = complex unit wk/U or tal/U = reduced frequency kbi/b = reduced frequency based on areaelement size kernel function of subsonic integral equation reference length, ft upward normal force or force per unit span acting on lifting surface chordwise and spanwise coordinates of "receiving" area element, dimensionless flight Mach number static pressure distance between points, dimensionless {(x £) + (1 M)[(j/ T?) + (z 2o(i?))]) /2 = elliptical distance curvilinear coordinates measured spanwise along and normal to surface, dimensionless E S/STIP = normalized s projected cylindrical lifting surface area, ft or dimensionless; also spanwise distance on cantilever wing, measured in semispans. time coordinate, sec fluid velocity components, dimensionless flight speed, f ps velocity component normal to S, dimensionless function describing wake surface rectangular Cartesian coordinates, dimensionless, see Fig. 1 height of S above x-y plane, dimensionless displacement of wing above its projected surface, dimensionless angle of attack measured from zero lift : (M — 1) = cotangent of Mach angle discontinuous jump in a quantity, passing from lower to upper surface of wing
Optimum Multiuser Asymptotic Efficiency

The degradation in bit error rate due to the presence of multiple-access interference in a white Gaussian channel can be measured by the multiuser asymptotic efficiency, defined as the ratio between the SNR required to achieve the same uncoded bit error rate in the absence of interfering users and the actual SNR. In this paper, the asymptotic efficiency of the optimum multiuser demodulator (a bank of matched filters followed by a Viterbi algorithm) is investigated and compared to that of the conventional single-user matched filter receiver. The computation of the optimum asymptotic efficiency of any given user is equivalent to the minimization of the Euclidean distance between any pair of multiuser signals which differ in at least one of the symbols of that user. It is shown that the optimum multiuser efficiency of asynchronous systems is nonzero with probability 1, and therefore the optimum demodulator does not become multiple-access limited in contrast to the single-user receiver. A class of signal constellations with moderate cross-correlation requirements is shown to achieve unit optimum multiuser efficiencies and, hence, to be equivalent to orthogonal signal sets from the viewpoint of performance of the optimum multiuser detector.
Influence of Gender on Parental Socialization of Children's Sadness Regulation

Mothers' (N = 60) and fathers' (N = 53) perceptions of and desire for change in their 6- to 11-year-old daughters' (N = 59) and sons' (N = 54) sadness regulation behaviors (i.e., inhibition, dysregulation, coping) were examined in addition to parental responses to children's hypothetical sadness displays. Results of multivariate analyses of variance and regression analyses suggest that parental perceptions of and desired change in children's sadness behavior differ as a function of parent gender, child gender and child age (younger (grades 1, 2), older (grades 4, 5)), and predict the likelihood of contingent responses to children's sadness behavior. Overall, fathers reported being likely to respond to sadness with minimization whereas mothers reported being likely to respond with expressive encouragement and problem-focused strategies. These parent-reported socialization response tendencies, however, were more fully explained by the interaction between perceptions of children's sadness regulation behaviors and satisfaction with these behaviors. These findings highlight the need to include parent gender and parental cognitions as important variables in emotion socialization research.
Novel Depth Cues from Uncalibrated Near-field Lighting

We present the first method to compute depth cues from images taken solely under uncalibrated near point lighting. A stationary scene is illuminated by a point source that is moved approximately along a line or in a plane. We observe the brightness profile at each pixel and demonstrate how to obtain three novel cues: plane-scene intersections, depth ordering and mirror symmetries. These cues are defined with respect to the line/plane in which the light source moves, and not the camera viewpoint. Plane-Scene Intersections are detected by finding those scene points that are closest to the light source path at some time instance. Depth Ordering for scenes with homogeneous BRDFs is obtained by sorting pixels according to their shortest distances from a plane containing the light source path. Mirror Symmetry pairs for scenes with homogeneous BRDFs are detected by reflecting scene points across a plane in which the light source moves. We show analytic results for Lambertian objects and demonstrate empirical evidence for a variety of other BRDFs.
Evaluation of multi-level context-dependent acoustic model for large vocabulary speaker adaptation tasks

In this paper, we investigate the ability of a recently proposed discriminatively trained, multi-level context-dependent acoustic model to adapt to a new speaker in both supervised and unsupervised adaptation scenarios. Speaker adaptive speech recognition experiments performed on a large-vocabulary spoken lecture task show that the multi-level model reduces word error rates by more than 10% in both cases as compared to the conventional clustering-based decision-tree context-dependent acoustic model approach.
Pearling and arching instabilities of a granular suspension on a super-absorbing surface

We show that a granular suspension, composed of particles immersed in a liquid, can form pearls, hooks, and arches when deposited from a nozzle onto a translating substrate that acts as a liquid super-absorber. The removal of the liquid induces a rapid pinning of the contact line leading to mechanically stable structures that are held together by capillary adhesion with shapes that depend on the relative solidification rate. Pearls or hooks form depending on whether the suspension snaps off before or after coming into contact with the substrate. A cylindrical thread with a near circular cross-section and various undulatory structures forms if solidification occurs prior to snap-off. In particular, when the jet solidifies before coming into contact with the substrate, it folds periodically, resulting in arches with a span length determined by the deposition flux and the substrate speed. Period doubling and meandering are observed leading to further structures with vertical and horizontal ripples when the deposition flux is increased.
Death Investigation Systems: Decomposition, Patterns, and Rates

Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into a much simpler form of matter. This chapter describes decomposition rates and stages, and a description of time since death estimation.
Substituent Effect of Phenolic Aldehyde Inhibition on Alcoholic Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Phenolic compounds significantly inhibit microbial fermentation of biomass hydrolysates. To understand the quantitative structure–inhibition relationship of phenolic aldehydes on alcoholic fermentation, the effect of 11 different substituted benzaldehydes on the final ethanol yield was examined. The results showed that the degree of phenolic benzaldehyde inhibition was strongly associated with the position of phenolic hydroxyl groups but not the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups. It was observed that ortho-substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde resulted in 15–20-fold higher inhibition than the meta- or para-substituted analogues of 3- and 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes. From the correlation of the molecular descriptors to inhibition potency in yeast fermentation, we found a strong relationship between the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) of aldehydes and the EC50 value. The most inhibitory 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde has the highest log P and possesses an ortho −OH group capable of forming an intramolecular hydr...
Stress Stability of Poly-SiGe and Various Oxide Films in Humid Environments

This paper presents the stress stability of thin films for MEMS structural and sacrificial layers. The average residual stresses of the thin films were monitored via wafer curvature measurement over a long period of time. Poly-Si, poly-SiGe, poly-Ge and thermally growth SiO2 films are found to be stable in humid environments. Moisture makes LPCVD and TEOS-based PECVD SiO2 films more compressive over time. Multi-layer thin film stress is modeled with the same methodology used to derive the Stoney Equation [1].
On the Hegemony of Accounting Research: A Survey of Accounting Research seen from a Global Perspective

This paper surveys accounting research as seen through the eyes of international accounting researchers. Several studies have been published by researchers across the globe in both American and non-American accounting research journals critical of not only the dominant accounting research construct, but also of university affiliation of editors and peer-reviewers, editorial control of “elite” accounting journals, and the peer-review process. There is remarkable similarity and substantial agreement in the conclusions reached. The hegemony of the accounting research construct has stifled innovative accounting research and research methods, suppressed the diversity of accounting research, and dampened the importance and impact of authentic international accounting research.
Identification,evaluation and control of occupational hazard factors produced by shielded metal arc welding

By analyzing the manufacturing processes of arc welding,composition of welding rod and base metal and change of air medium during welding,and combining with the production process,the management measures of occupational health and operational environment,comprehensively identifies and evaluates the occupational hazard factors of shielded metal arc welding( SMAW). According to the characteristics of occupational hazard factors in shielded metal arc welding( SMAW),point out the measures to reduce the level of pollution sources,control of transmission and strengthen individual protection of workers and so on in order to control the occupational hazards of SMAW.
Tamponade of pedicled temporalis muscle flap in the treatment of huge symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cyst: report of 6 cases

Objective To discuss the formations and treatment of huge symptomatie intracraniat arachnoid cyst (IAC). Methods 6 IAC cases admitted from 1998 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed in the aspects of their formation and treatment with tamponade of pedicled temporalis muscle flap. Results Pedicled temporalis muscle flap had strong absorption in IAC. The brain tissues expanded gradually through CT examination and the cysts sharply shrank 2 weeks after operation and disappeared 6 to 8 months after operation. All cases had no recurrence of epilepsy in case of antiepileptic application. Conclusion IAC resulting from leptomeningeal conglutination formation around arachnoid after trauma, inflammation or surgical operation, delayed intracranial pressure, long course and delayed diagnosis. The patients who have intermittent epilepsy recurrence and the history of brain trauma, intracranial inflammation or brain operation need brain examination by CT as early as possible so as to identify ICA or suffocate the chance of IAC formation. The therapy was simple, safe and effective in treatment of IAC.
Hazmat Routing: Alternate Routing Risk Analysis

The railroad industry is challenged by the complexity and cost of performing the alternate route analysis as required by the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) hazmat routing regulation. This is especially problematic to the regional and short line railroads for several reasons, including the unavailability of alternate routes and, as with the Class I railroads, it is a matter of cost and complexity of analysis. This research paper will look at developing a simplified risk model so as to reduce the cost and complexity of the analysis. This will be accomplished by, among other things, looking at the input parameters to the model for commonality so as to reduce the number (of input parameters) and look at three operating conditions for the analysis. They are: 1) the premise that there are available alternate routes, 2) that alternate routes may not be feasible operationally or economically and 3) that there are no alternate routes. This research and analysis will result in a model that is less complex and costly to run and address the concerns and challenges of the short line and regional railroads.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Positive and Negative Expectations of Hopelessness as Longitudinal Predictors of Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Behavior in High-Risk Adolescents

The relationship between hopelessness and depression in predicting suicide-related outcomes varies based on the anticipation of positive versus negative events. In this prospective study of adolescents at elevated risk for suicide, we used two Beck Hopelessness Scale subscales to assess the impact of positive and negative expectations in predicting depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior over a 2- to 4-year period. In multivariate regressions controlling for depression, suicidal ideation, and negative-expectation hopelessness, positive-expectation hopelessness was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Clinical interventions may benefit from bolstering positive expectations and building optimism.
Tourism-based development in Cusco, Peru: comparing national discourses with local realities

ArticleThis article qualitatively compares national-level development discourses in Peru with local perceptions of poverty and tourism practice for four rural communities of the Valle Sagrado (Sacred Valley), located just outside the ancient Inca capital of Cusco, Peru. Copestake's global designs of development (income first, needs first, and rights first) provide the framework for this comparison, linked to local accounts and on-the-ground observations from six months of field work carried out in the region in 2013. Sources of data, which were collected and initially analyzed using Rapid Qualitative Inquiry (RQI), included semi-structured interviews (N = 93), field notes from participant observation, and documents and reports from government institutions, travel companies, and community associations. Results indicate that a strong degree of overlap exists between local perceptions and income first, needs first, and rights first development discourses. However, frustrations with tourism practice reveal an...
Lived experience and the ideologies of preservice social studies teachers

Abstract Using narrative inquiry, this paper explores the lived experiences of six preservice social studies teachers. It uses these lived experiences to gain insight into these preservice teachers' orientations towards teaching social studies, particularly in regard to their ideological understanding of authority and citizenship. Each experience shared in the study both revealed and then shifted already established beliefs and assumptions in regards to school authority. The paper continues to the preservice teachers' own goals for their Social Studies classrooms and how their understanding of authority is present or absent in those goals.
Guided Bayesian imputation to adjust for confounding when combining heterogeneous data sources in comparative effectiveness research

In comparative effectiveness research, we are often interested in the estimation of an average causal effect from large observational data (the main study). Often this data does not measure all the necessary confounders. In many occasions, an extensive set of additional covariates is measured for a smaller and non-representative population (the validation study). In this setting, standard approaches for missing data imputation might not be adequate due to the large number of missing covariates in the main data relative to the smaller sample size of the validation data. We propose a Bayesian approach to estimate the average causal effect in the main study that borrows information from the validation study to improve confounding adjustment. Our approach combines ideas of Bayesian model averaging, confounder selection, and missing data imputation into a single framework. It allows for different treatment effects in the main study and in the validation study, and propagates the uncertainty due to the missing data imputation and confounder selection when estimating the average causal effect (ACE) in the main study. We compare our method to several existing approaches via simulation. We apply our method to a study examining the effect of surgical resection on survival among 10 396 Medicare beneficiaries with a brain tumor when additional covariate information is available on 2220 patients in SEER-Medicare. We find that the estimated ACE decreases by 30% when incorporating additional information from SEER-Medicare.
Techniques of the modeling, measurement and reduction of common mode noise for a multi-winding switching transformer

The reduction of common mode (CM) noise for isolated converters has been a popular research topic. This paper proposed a generalized two-capacitor modeling technique for switching transformers with multiple windings and complicated winding structures. Based on the proposed model, a Flyback transformer with multiple winding structures is investigated. A new measurement technique to characterize and evaluate switching transformer's CM noise performance is developed. Only a signal generator and an oscilloscope are needed for the measurement and no any in-circuit tests are needed. The technique can help to quickly design and evaluate transformers for CM noise reduction in mass testing and production. CM noise reduction techniques including balance capacitor technique, core shielding technique and winding design technique are developed based on the developed two-capacitor model and measurement technique. Experimental results verify the proposed model and the developed CM noise reduction techniques.
Histoplasmosis presenting as laryngeal ulcer in a post-renal transplant male: An unusual case from India.

Summary Histoplasmosis has variable clinical presentation that mimics various benign and malignant lesions. It is more often associated with pulmonary lesions and disseminated form of disease. Herein, we report a rare case of localized laryngeal histoplasmosis in a 62-year-old Indian man who presented with hoarseness of voice and dysphagia. Post-renal transplant, he was on immunosuppressive drugs for last three years. Laryngoscopy revealed an ulceroproliferative growth at base of tongue, which was extending upto the pyriform fossa. Histopathology of laryngeal biopsy revealed numerous intracellular fungal yeast forms of Histoplasma that were subsequently confirmed serologically. The patient was put on oral itraconazole therapy and he responded well to the treatment with complete resolution of the disease. Early diagnosis and management of patient helps in preventing dissemination of the disease.
P262 Dna sequencing with Scisco genetics next generation sequencing HLA typing version 5 kit

Aim Next-Generation HLA sequencing gives high resolution results, frequently without ambiguous combinations. However, it is still considered laborious and time-consuming. Scisco Genetics Version 5 kit combines indexing and exon-specific amplification in the same step, therefore the tech time is dramatically reduced to 4 h. Reduced processing time is a great advantage especially for high volume labs. Compared with other long-range PCR methods, the Scisco Genetics NGS version 5 method is much simpler and gives more flexibility. Twenty-four samples for 8 loci can be run using Illumina MiSeq Nano kit (24 h run time). Exon coverage was also increased compared with version 4 (Class I Exon 1 to Exon 7 and Class II Exon 1 to Exon 4), therefore the typing ambiguities are reduced greatly. Methods Forty-seven samples with known HLA types were tested using Scisco Genetics NGS version 5 kit on the Illumina MiSeq instrument. Forty-three DNA samples were isolated from blood, one sample from buccal swabs, and three samples from saliva. Two samples with rare HLA types were included in the sample population. The test data was analyzed using GeMS HLA v65.20 analysis software and the typing results were compared with the previous typing data produced by Scisco Genetics NGS version 4 kit and SBT. Results were compared for accuracy and reproducibility of HLA typing, and the ability to detect rare alleles. Presence of preferential amplification, allelic dropout, and null alleles were also evaluated. Results Of the forty-seven samples tested, forty-one samples showed results that are 100% concordance with the previous data obtained by Scisco version 4 kit. The two rare types (C∗12:143 and DRB1∗11:129) were both detected with the version 5 kit. Allele dropout was observed in two samples, and three samples had failure in one or more loci. We did not get any typing from buccal swab DNA, as was the case with previously used methods. Intronic sequence for common null alleles is also included in the analysis software. No null allele population was detected. Conclusions In summary, fast high resolution DNA sequencing results, with few ambiguities, can be produced utilizing the Scisco Genetics Version 5 NGS HLA Typing Kit.
Vaginal approach to recurrent pelvic prolapse

After pelvic organ prolapse repair, nearly 30% of women undergo additional surgical intervention for prolapse recurrence (1). Despite this fact, there are few published reports specifically examining prolapse recurrence and its optimal surgical management. Furthermore, the definition of a surgical failure is not always clear, as there are cases in which organ dysfunction may persist, despite a technically sound outcome, whereas some asymptomatic patients may have a recurrent low-grade or-stage prolapse.
Percutaneous Image-Guided Lymph Node Needle Biopsy

Open surgical biopsy has long been considered the conventional gold standard for obtaining thoracic and abdominal lymph node samples in patients with lymphoma, especially for the original diagnosis. However, this procedure can have significant complications. With advances in cytopathologic diagnostic techniques, percutaneous image-guided needle biopsy with its high overall accuracy has become the procedure of choice, and is taking a prominent place in the management of lymphoma in both adults and children. It is now considered a relatively painless, quick, safe, low cost, and valuable tool for patients with suspected or recurrent lymphomas. A well-planned and executed biopsy provides an accurate diagnosis and facilitates treatment. CT is a widely available imaging modality and allows image-guided needle biopsy in a large majority of patients. US-guided biopsy is an alternative method of guidance and at some institutions is the guidance technique of choice. In this chapter, we will describe the technique and give some alternatives for when the procedure tends to be difficult, especially in posterior and/or deep-seated lymph nodes.
An Approach for PDES/STEP Compatible Concurrent Engineering Applications

An object-oriented approach to implement PDES/STEP compatible applications is proposed. To demonstrate the approach, a computer processable Assembly Application Protocol (AAP) is developed and documented as an object class structure and implemented in the form of a class library. The approach shows how (1) the PDES/STEP entities are used as building blocks of engineering information, (2) the EXPRESS language is used to model the PDES/STEP compatible data model, and (3) the application oriented data semantics can be embedded in a computer system. The AAP acts as a feature-based information model and persistent object data schema for CE assembly applications. The software tools used to implement the AAP are EXPRESS2C++ translator, C++ programming language, and ROSE database. The use of standard tools are shown to enhance the CE communication and research opportunities, based on the experience with the new generation international product definition and exchange standard, are suggested.
Recurrent STEMI Precipitated by Marijuana Use: Case Report and Literature Review.

Marijuana abuse is rapidly growing and currently it is the most common drug of abuse in the United States due to increased legalization for recreational and medicinal use. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannibol, the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, acts via the endocannabinoid system to elicit various cardiovascular physiological effects, and has been associated with many adverse cardiovascular effects such as acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death that have previously been reported by our group and others. We present a case of a 30-year-old African-American male with no cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with recurrent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) whose coronary angiography revealed recurrent 100% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in the setting of marijuana smoking. It was the patient’s third STEMI with 100% occlusion of the LAD with each STEMI secondary to thrombosis of a different region of the LAD. Marijuana use was confirmed by urine toxicology screening at each STEMI presentation. Coronary angiography on multiple occasions was negative for stenosis of other epicardial coronary arteries, and coronary calcium scoring was zero. Evaluation for other cardiovascular risk factors including family history of premature coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypercoagulable disorders was negative. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of marijuana-associated coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction.
Talking by letter: the hidden history of female media fans on the 1990s internet

Women in the early 1990s went online for the first time and brought media fandom with them. Drawing on oral history interviews conducted with fans in 2012, this article describes the ways in which ...
Why Do Corporations Engage in Activism on LGBT Issues

Why do companies take public and potentially controversial stands on social issues at the risk of alienating current or future customers? Much scholarship on corporate political activity assumes ec...
A Meta-Analysis of the Dependency–Eating-Disorders Relationship: Strength, Specificity, and Temporal Stability

Meta-analysis of studies examining the dependency–eating-disorders relationship revealed that (1) there is a positive association between interpersonal dependency levels and eating disorder symptoms/diagnoses (r = .25); (2) this relationship is comparable in anorexic and bulimic participants; (3) although dependent personality disorder symptoms are elevated in eating-disordered participants, so are the symptoms of several other personality disorders; and (4) when eating disorder symptoms remit, dependency levels decrease. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant link between interpersonal dependency and eating disorders, but this relationship is modest in magnitude, nonspecific, and varies with eating disorder symptom levels. Clinical, empirical, and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Takayasu’s Arteritis Presenting as Heart Failure in a 19-Year-Old Female

This report presents the case of this atypical presentation of a rare disease in a 19-year-old female with cardiomyopathy and hypertension. Investigation revealed renovascular stenosis, infarcts, and active vasculitis pathognomonic for Takayasu arteritis (TA). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mild pericardial inflammation and epicardial edema. Vasculitis-induced renovascular secondary hypertension resulted in myocardial dysfunction, which recovered with treatment of hypertension and TA. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
Urban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scale

U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320]
Influenza D virus diverges from its related influenza C virus in the recognition of 9-O-acetylated N-acetyl- or N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid-containing glycan receptors

Influenza D virus (IDV) utilizes bovines as a primary reservoir with periodical spillover to other mammalian hosts. By using traditional hemagglutination assay coupled with sialoglycan microarray (SGM) platform and functional assays, we demonstrated that IDV is more efficient in recognizing both 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) and 9-O-acetylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc9Ac) than influenza C virus (ICV), a ubiquitous human pathogen. ICV seems to strongly prefer Neu5,9Ac2 over Neu5Gc9Ac. Since Neu5Gc9Ac is different from Neu5,9Ac2 only by an additional oxygen in the group at the C5 position, our results reveal that the hydroxyl group in Neu5Gc9Ac plays a critical role in determining receptor binding specificity, which as a result may discriminate IDV from ICV in communicating with 9-O-acetylated SAs. These findings shall provide a framework for further investigation towards better understanding of how newly discovered multiple-species-infecting IDV exploits natural 9-O-acetylated SA variations to expand its host range.
Term Labor Induction and Cesarean Delivery Risk among Obese Women with and without Comorbidities.

Objective Findings of the recent ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial, showing reduced cesarean risk with elective labor induction among low-risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks' gestation, have the potential to change interventional delivery practices but require examination in wider populations. The aim of this study was to identify whether term induction of labor was associated with reduced cesarean delivery risk among women with obesity, evaluating several maternal characteristics associated with obesity, induction, and cesarean risk. Study design We studied administrative records for 66,280 singleton, term births to women with a body mass index ≥30, without a prior cesarean delivery, in New York City from 2008 to 2013. We examined elective inductions in 39 and 40 weeks' gestation and calculated adjusted risk ratios for cesarean delivery risk, stratified by parity and maternal age. We additionally evaluated medically indicated inductions at 37 to 40 weeks among women with obesity and diabetic or hypertensive disorders, comorbidities that are strongly associated with obesity. Results Elective induction of labor was associated with a 25% (95% confidence interval: 19-30%) lower adjusted risk of cesarean delivery as compared with expectant management at 39 weeks of gestation and no change in risk at 40 weeks. Patterns were similar when stratified by parity and maternal age. Risk reductions in week 39 were largest among women with a prior vaginal delivery. Women with comorbidities had reduced cesarean risk with early term induction and in 39 weeks. Conclusion Labor induction at 39 weeks was consistently associated with reduced risk of cesarean delivery among women with obesity regardless of parity, age, or comorbidity status. Cesarean delivery findings from induction trials at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women may generalize more broadly across the U.S. obstetric population, with potentially larger benefit among women with a prior vaginal delivery. Key points · We found reduced cesarean risk with induction at 39 weeks.. · Results were consistent for age and comorbidity subgroups.. · Risk reductions were largest among multiparous women..
Keratinocytes contribute to normal cold and heat sensation

Keratinocytes are the most abundant cell type in the epidermis, the most superficial layer of skin. Historically, epidermal-innervating sensory neurons were thought to be the exclusive detectors and transmitters of environmental stimuli. However, recent work from our lab (Moehring et al., 2018) and others (Baumbauer et al., 2015) has demonstrated that keratinocytes are also critical for normal mechanotransduction and mechanically-evoked behavioral responses in mice. Here, we asked whether keratinocyte activity is also required for normal cold and heat sensation. Using calcium imaging, we determined that keratinocyte cold activity is conserved across mammalian species and requires the release of intracellular calcium through one or more unknown cold-sensitive proteins. Both epidermal cell optogenetic inhibition and interruption of ATP-P2X4 signaling reduced reflexive behavioral responses to cold and heat stimuli. Based on these data and our previous findings, keratinocyte purinergic signaling is a modality-conserved amplification system that is required for normal somatosensation in vivo.