cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordination of larval and prepupal gene expression by the DHR3 orphan receptor during Drosophila metamorphosis

The DHR3 orphan receptor gene is induced directly by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. DHR3 expression peaks in early prepupae, as the early puff genes are repressed and betaFTZ-F1 is induced. Here we provide evidence that DHR3 directly contributes to both of these regulatory responses. DHR3 protein is bound to many ecdysone-induced puffs in the polytene chromosomes, including the early puffs that encode the BR-C and E74 regulatory genes, as well as the E75, E78 and betaFTZ-F1 orphan receptor loci. Three DHR3 binding sites were identified downstream from the start site of betaFTZ-F1 transcription, further indicating that this gene is a direct target of DHR3 regulation. Ectopic expression of DHR3 revealed that the polytene chromosome binding pattern is of functional significance. DHR3 is sufficient to repress BR-C, E74A, E75A and E78B transcription as well as induce betaFTZ-F1. DHR3 thus appears to function as a switch that defines the larval-prepupal transition by arresting the early regulatory response to ecdysone at puparium formation and facilitating the induction of the betaFTZ-F1 competence factor in mid-prepupae. This study also provides evidence for direct cross-regulation among orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and further implicates these genes as critical transducers of the hormonal signal during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis.
Children's skin conductance reactivity as a mechanism of risk in the context of parental depressive symptoms.

Background: Children's physiological reactivity was examined as a moderator of relations between parental dysphoria and child adjustment problems, addressing gaps in the study of child characteristics as risk processes. Method: One hundred fifty-seven children (86 boys, 71 girls) were assessed twice over a two-year interval. Skin conductance level reactivity (SCLR) to inter-adult argument and problem-solving tasks was observed. Results: SCLR moderated longitudinal predictions of children's internalizing, externalizing and social adjustment problems, especially for paternal rather than maternal dysphoria. Higher SCLR predicted greater vulnerability to parental depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Findings highlight that individual differences in children's physiological reactivity may relate to risk for adjustment problems in the context of parental depressive symptoms.
The utility of lung biopsy in recipients of stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Pulmonary infiltrates in recipients of stem cell transplantation often present as diagnostic dilemmas. Although lung biopsy may establish the diagnosis of parenchymal disease, it remains unclear whether such a procedure results in a significant change in the patient's treatment and outcome. This study evaluates the efficacy of lung biopsy in recipients of stem cell transplantation. Methods: The medical records of 15 stem cell transplant recipients who underwent 18 lung biopsies were reviewed. The indications for stem cell transplantation were leukemia in 10 patients, lymphoma in 2, histiocytosis in 1, neuroblastoma in 1, and Ewing's sarcoma in 1. The results of the lung biopsies were correlated to the clinical management and outcomes. Results: The overall mortality rate was 67% (10 patients). Eight of the 9 patients who required mechanical ventilatory support at the time of lung biopsy died. The pathologic diagnoses were pneumonitis in 6 biopsies, fibrosis in 6, brochiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in 3, hemorrhage in 2, and infarction in 1. Therapy was changed in 1 patient who improved after a course of steroids for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Lung biopsy cultures were positive in 6 patients but rarely resulted in changes in antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Results of very few lung biopsies performed in stem cell transplant recipients redirected therapy. Furthermore, the ultimate outcome of these patients were not improved by the results of lung biopsies. J Pediatr Surg 36:1302-1303. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Knowledge‐driven development indicators: still an eclectic panorama

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight that research on the measurement of key indicators that represent drivers of the knowledge economy still spans several different, although interrelated, directions. The results of this review call for further integration of metrics through cross‐disciplinary international, multinational and organizational partnerships that could reconcile and define de facto standards for the assessment of the drivers of knowledge‐based growth.Design/methodology/approach – General review, literature review. The paper reviews extant literature and practical experiences in knowledge‐based development assessments.Findings – The review finds that many institutions are still adopting a variety of approaches which are difficult to reconcile. Additional coordination efforts are required to overcome contextual and non‐replicable approaches and, thus, increase standardization of metrics.Research limitations/implications – While the paper discusses limitations of extant approaches...
Effects of electrode-to-fiber distance on temporal neural response with electrical stimulation

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of the electrode-to-fiber distance on the temporal response properties of an auditory nerve fiber stimulated by electric current pulses. This analysis was based upon results from a computational model of a mammalian auditory nerve fiber axon having 50 nodes of Ranvier, each consisting of 130 stochastic sodium channels and 50 stochastic potassium channels, making it possible to represent the temporal fluctuations of action potential initiation and conduction. A monopolar stimulus electrode was located above a central (26th) node at electrode-to-fiber distances of 1, 4, and 7 mm, while the recording electrode was located at the 36th node. Action potentials (spikes) were generated by the biophysical model using the Crank-Nicholson method to solve a diffusive partial differential equation. By observing the occurrence times of spikes in response to 2000 cathodic monophasic stimulus pulses, temporal jitter (i.e., the standard deviation of spike times) was calculated and the poststimulus time (PST) histogram was generated as well. Furthermore, by computing the PST histogram for each initiation node as functions of space (node number) and time (PST), it was shown that spike initiation was distributed not only spatially but also temporally for stimulus levels producing firing efficiencies (FEs) near 0.5. However, at levels producing FEs near 0.99, while temporal variations approached zero, the spatial distribution of initiating nodes was comparable to that observed for the FE near 0.5. As temporal fluctuations are important for speech coding in cochlear implants, we conclude that spatial characteristics of the electrode-auditory nerve fiber interface may play a significant role in influencing these stochastic temporal processes.
In vitro activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide antibiotic, against gram-positive bacteria.

The comparative in vitro activity of RU 64004 (also known as HMR 3004), a new ketolide antibiotic, was tested by agar dilution against approximately 500 gram-positive organisms, including multiply resistant enterococci, streptococci, and staphylococci. All streptococci were inhibited by 128 microg/ml) proved resistant to the ketolide, but some erythromycin A- and clindamycin-resistant enterococci remained susceptible to RU 64004.
Origin of apparent resonance mode splitting in bent long-period fiber gratings

The wavelength-selective attenuation notches generated by UV-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) have been shown to shift in wavelength and change in depth if the LPFG is bent along a curved path. Additionally, the notches frequently appear to "split" into two when the LPFG is curved. These effects have successfully allowed the realization of bend-sensing devices. Publications to date have not yielded a satisfactory physical interpretation for the apparent mode splitting. In this paper, it is shown that the spectral changes witnessed in curved LPFGs are the result of changes in the cladding-mode profiles in a bent fiber. The modes of a curved three-layer optical fiber numerically were determined and these fields are used to show that the uniform UV-induced perturbation allows coupling between the fundamental core mode and both symmetric and antisymmetric cladding modes when the fiber is curved, whereas coupling to only symmetric modes is allowed in the straight fiber. Coupling to these new modes is at the origin of new attenuation notches, which have been misinterpreted so far as mode splitting. Published devices' attenuation-notch wavelength shifts, apparent splitting, and relative depths are all well described using these changes in cladding-mode profiles.
Familiarity of Pediatricians With Different Commercially Available Neonatal and Infant Formulas

To assess the familiarity of pediatricians with commercially available formulas and their use for cow's milk protein allergy and colic, a list of formulas was generated by visiting several grocery stores. Pediatricians were ask to indicate their familiarity with these and other "specialized" formulas with regard to protein and carbohydrate sources, energy content, hypoallergenicity, and indication for infant colic. The participants answered an average of 46% of the questions correctly. Respondents were very familiar with 27% of the formulas, and unfamiliar with 35%. The highest score was 70%, and 10% of the responders correctly answered 65% or more of the questions. Fifty-one percent correctly identified the protein source of the formulas; 32% correctly identified the carbohydrate source. The energy content of the formulas was correctly identified by 54%. These data suggest that pediatricians have a poor understanding of the content and appropriate use of neonatal and infant formulas.
Wildfire Management in the United States: The Evolution of a Policy Failure

Wildland fires constitute a major crisis in American environmental policy, a crisis created by a longstanding policy failure. This article explores the political processes that generated and reinforced this policy failure over time. The concepts of bounded rationality, punctuated equilibria, and selfreinforcing mechanisms are applied to study the evolution of American wildfire policy between 1905 and the present. This study finds that a self-defeating wildfire suppression policy was established in the period 1905 through 1911, and subsequently reinforced for more than five decades. This policy did not include a complementary program to counteract the gradual accumulation of flammable organic materials (fuels) that occurred in many ecosystems when fires were suppressed. The resulting fuel accumulations have greatly increased the risk of damaging, high-intensity wildfires in a range of American wildlands. A combination of fire suppression and fuel reduction programs will be needed to manage this risk in the future.
Hospital utilization and library search requests: is there a link?

Bien que les niveaux d'utilisation des hopitaux affectent l'ensemble des departements hospitaliers, soit directement soit indirectement, l'effet direct sur l'utilisation des bibliotheques d'hopitaux n'est pas connu. Une telle etude longitudinale (1988-1992) a ete entrepris sur l'initiative de la bibliotheque du directeur de cet hopital de l'Indiana, apres avoir constate, par une recherche dans la litterature specialiseee, le manque de telles etudes. La methodologie et les resultats statistiques sont rapportes et discutes
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among People Living with HIV and Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Role of Shame and Posttraumatic Growth

There is a critical need to examine protective and risk factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in order to improve quality of life. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the associations between HIV-related shame, sexual abuse-related shame, posttraumatic growth, and anxiety and depressive symptoms among a cohort of 225 heterosexual women and men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Higher sexual abuse-related shame was related to more anxiety and depressive symptoms for heterosexual women. Higher posttraumatic growth predicted less anxiety symptoms for only heterosexual women. Higher posttraumatic growth predicted less depressive symptoms for heterosexual women and MSM, but the magnitude of this effect was stronger for heterosexual women than MSM. Psychosocial interventions may need to be tailored to meet the specific needs of heterosexual women and MSM living with HIV and CSA.
Spontaneous Interentity Coordination in a Dissipative Structure

ABSTRACTHumans and other creatures display remarkable interorganism coordination. For ecological theorists, interorganism coordination poses a challenge because it appears to be an especially “representation-hungry” phenomenon (Clark, 1999). Ecological researchers have proposed that interorganism coordination arises from fundamental laws of pattern formation and synchronization. A key example in support of the ecological approach to coordination is the phase locking of 2 or more weakly coupled metronomes. Here we provide a complementary example of interentity coordination in a system that is more closely analogous to living systems. We show that two self-organizing dissipative structures, coupled in a single electrical field, spontaneously exhibit fairly complex motion coordination. Further, the degree of coordination predicts the rate of entropy production for the system as a whole. We suggest that the complex behavior of motion coordination fulfills a rudimentary end-directedness of the system: evolve t...
Opacity and Transport Measurements Reveal That Dilute Plasma Models of Sonoluminescence Are Not Valid

A strong interaction between a nanosecond laser and a 70 μm radius sonoluminescing plasma is achieved. The overall response of the system results in a factor of 2 increase in temperature as determined by its spectrum. Images of the interaction reveal that light energy is absorbed and trapped in a region smaller than the sonoluminescence emitting region of the bubble for over 100 ns. We interpret this opacity and transport measurement as demonstrating that sonoluminescencing bubbles can be 1000 times more opaque than what follows from the Saha equation of statistical mechanics in the ideal plasma limit. To address this discrepancy, we suggest that the effects of strong Coulomb interactions are an essential component of a first principles theory of sonoluminescence.
Synthesis and characterization of three homoleptic alkoxides of uranium: [Li(THF)]2[UIV(OtBu)6], [Li(Et2O)][UV(OtBu)6], and UVI(OtBu)6.

Addition of 6 equiv of LiOtBu to a THF/Et2O solution of UCl4 at −25 °C generates [Li(THF)]2[U(OtBu)6] (1) in 61% yield. 1 is soluble in polar organic solvents and is stable for several days in THF. However, 1 slowly decomposes in benzene or hexanes, forming the dinuclear uranium(IV) species [Li(THF)][U2(OtBu)9] (2) as one of the decomposition products. Alternatively, 2 can be directly prepared in moderate yield by the addition of 4.5 equiv LiOtBu to UCl4 in hexanes/THF at room temperature. The decomposition of 1 has been studied by 1H and 7Li{1H} NMR spectroscopies to elucidate the nature of this transformation. Oxidation of 1 occurs readily in the presence of 0.5 or 1 equiv of I2 to give [Li(Et2O)][U(OtBu)6] (3) and U(OtBu)6 (4), respectively, in good yields. Alternately, 3 can be generated by comproportionation of 1 and 4. 1−4 have been fully characterized, including analysis by X-ray crystallography. In the solid-state these complexes possess large U−O−Cq bond angles, suggestive of a significant U−O π ...
Responses of Young Almond Trees to Two Drought Periods in the Field

SummaryWater potential, conductance to water vapour diffusion and 14CO2 uptake rate were measured in the field on leaves of young, trickle-irrigated almond trees subjected to drought periods. Treatments imposed were: T. two one-month drying cycles with an interim period of recovery; T2, a single one-month drying cycle; T3, a single 2.5-month drying cycle; and T4, daily irrigation. Midday leaf water potential in T, and T2 trees decreased 0.8 to 1.0 MPa below that of the control, and that of T3 trees was further decreased by about 0.7 MPa. Turgor pressure was partially maintained in the stressed treatments through osmotic adjustment. Osmotic potential at full turgor in leaves of unirrigated trees was about 0.3 MPa lower than in the controls and was the same at the end of both drought cycles. Decreases in osmotic potential were accompanied by increases in dry weight per unit leaf area. Despite partial maintenance of turgor, water stress decreased leaf conductance and 14CO2 uptake. Leaf conductance and 14CO2 ...
Aircraft Volterra Parameter-Varying Modeling Approach

This paper presents a Volterra Parameter-Varying modeling approach to duplicate the aircraft dynamic behavior while moving from one flight region to another. This approach starts by generating a local two-term truncated Volterra series, which is enough to capture the quadratic and bilinear nonlinearities, at different operating conditions over the flight envelope. The variation of these series’ coefficient matrices are then sought through different interpolation techniques. A nonlinear F-16 longitudinal model was used to assess the proposed approach. The improvement in the accuracy to predict, understand, and analyze the nonlinear aircraft behavior over the previous Linear Parameter-Varying approach, that effectively ignored the second order stability and control derivatives, is demonstrated through many numerical test cases.
Strength parameters-prognostication for NEPE propellant under surroundings-pressure

Considering of surroundings-pressure,the uniaxial tensile test has been conducted with different rate and at various temperatures,strength parameters are obtained with the generalized twin shear criteria theory.For the use of GRNN,sample-disposal and error-analysis are discussed firstly.By generalizing the strength parameters in limit conditions which are in existence,the counterparts in other conditions are prognosticated.Illustration indicates that,based on GRNN,prognostication is accurate and good at reducing the tests,simplifying the process,and depressing the total cost.
A New Criterion for Single-phase Adaptive Reclosure of Shunt Reactor Compensated EHV Transmission Lines

When a temporary single-phase fault occurs on shunt reactor compensated EHV or UHV transmission lines, the voltage of the opened phase conductor and the current of the shunt reactor contain resonant component and power frequency component after the secondary arc is extinguished. While for a permanent single-phase fault, the above voltage and current only contain power frequency component. Based on the analysis of the circuit in which the faulted phase is opened, the method of calculating the resonant frequency is deduced. A new criterion based on the orthogonality of sine functions is proposed to detect the resonant component and determine the fault nature quickly. The proposed criterion can reduce the time to distinguish between permanent and temporary faults. The criterion is simple with high sensitivity. Simulation results show that the proposed conclusions are correct.
WiP Abstract: Distributed Reactive Control Synthesis for Aircraft Electric Power Systems via SAT Solving

In this work, we consider a simplified version of the distributed control synthesis problem where the system is modeled as a Boolean network and specifications are given as propositional formulae on environment and system variables. In this relatively static Boolean setting, (centralized) reactive control synthesis problem reduces to a quantified Boolean satisfiability problem which can be solved by off-the-shelf SAT solvers. For the distributed control synthesis, we propose a recursive algorithm that starts from a global assume-guarantee specification and maps it to local assume-guarantee specifications for individual subsystems. Finding these local assume- guarantee specifications leads to a modular design framework. For instance, local controllers for subsystems can be synthesized independently via SAT or a local subsystem can be replaced with another subsystem that satisfies the same local assume-guarantee specifications. We also investigate how the interconnection structure of the network affects the performance of this algorithm. In particular, we show that if the interconnection structure is a multi-tree and the global assumptions and guarantees satisfy certain independence conditions, the algorithm is complete.
Antipodean agricultural and resource economics at 60: agricultural innovation

Innovation in agriculture – itself an innovation some 10,000 years ago – is at the centre of many economic and social issues, either as a cause of problems or a solution to them. From the beginning, but especially over the past 150 years, innovation has transformed agriculture and in doing so has contributed to the transformation of whole economies. The consequences have been profoundly important for lives and livelihoods, generally favourable, but almost always with some undesirable consequences for at least some people. Economic and policy issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market failures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic consequences for net income and its distribution among individuals and among factors of production, and because the consequences are difficult to discern and attribute among causes. These issues have been studied by economists and documented in the literature on the economics of innovation in agriculture that began as such in the 1950s, around the time of the creation of the Australian Agricultural Economics Society. Members of that nascent society were early contributors to this emerging field of study and have played disproportionately significant roles in it over the ensuing decades.
Robotic Surgery in Breast Reconstruction: Harvest of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap

Robotic surgery has advanced the pace of innovation in surgery. Robotic breast reconstruction is highlighted. The clinical application with advantages of the robotic approach, indications for the robotic approach and the surgical technique of robotic harvest of the latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction are discussed. Robotic harvest of the muscle-only LD flap for breast reconstruction offers the ability to reliably harvest the entire muscle without the addition of any incisions beyond those required for the oncologic portion of the surgery. This eliminates incisional morbidity and enhances the esthetics of breast reconstruction.
Pro‐Life Movement in the United States

The pro-life movement, a grassroots campaign to restrict or prohibit abortion in public law, has been an active participant in American politics since Roe v. Wade (1973), and has also had an international influence, especially in Catholic countries. Pro-lifers have passed restrictions on abortion in many states and have won several Supreme Court cases. Although pro-life activists have not yet been able to pass an anti-abortion constitutional amendment or reverse Roe v. Wade, they have created thousands of crisis pregnancy centers to provide alternatives to abortion, and their actions may have helped reduce the abortion rate in the United States. Keywords: Abortion; Fetal rights; Movements
Effectiveness of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) trap placement in relation to forest edges

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a destructive invasive pest that has caused mortality of millions of Fraxinus spp. trees in North America. The extended interval between insect establishment, detection, and management has allowed this pest to spread to large parts of North America. Purple prism canopy traps are currently used in national detection surveys for this beetle. The effectiveness of purple prism traps at low-to-moderate population densities of EAB in relation to road proximity was evaluated in 2013 and 2014. Transects of traps were established at set distances from roads in northern Michigan near an isolated beetle infestation. It was hypothesized that detection success is influenced by road proximity, and that traps placed closer to roads were more likely to detect emerald ash borer. There was a positive significant relationship between EAB captured and road proximity. Traps established further from roads were no more likely to detect EAB than traps established close to roads. Basal area of non-ash species, EAB population density, vigor rating, EAB population density, tree species, and sampling duration were shown to significantly influence EAB captured on traps.
Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken

Relativistic runaway electrons in ITER could be confined in a broad annulus of stochastic magnetic field lines bounded by an annulus of magnetic surfaces. The outer confining annulus can be broken by either an evolution of the magnetic field or by the drift of the plasma into the walls. Both possibilities are studied, and in both cases, the relativistic electrons in the stochastic region are lost to the walls in a short pulse of length τl along a narrow tube, which carries a flux fψst, where f∼10−3 and ψst is the toroidal flux in stochastic annulus. Both τl and f are determined by two parameters: the time it takes for a toroidal transit of a relativistic electron τt=2πR/c, which is approximately 0.1 μs in ITER, and the evolution time τev, which is of order 100 ms in most conditions of interest for ITER. The concept of turnstiles in Hamiltonian mechanics is used to obtain the relation between τl and f and τt and τev. The turnstile concept is also important in the theory of divertors for stellarators.
Approaching the Question

To understand how students interpret their student handbook policies, Salkin and Shenkel used both content analysis and focus groups. The content analysis focused on language taken from randomly selected student handbooks from across the country. Once located, the handbook/code was reviewed for any text that indicated policy related to student speech/expression and student media or press: language specifically addressing the existence of the students’ rights, including dress code. These sections were copied into a readability calculator. After these quantitative data were gathered, Salkin and Shenkel went into high school classrooms, giving students the same handbook language for reading and discussion. Those interpretations were evaluated for recurring themes and concepts.
Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

The chapter begins with discussing the energetics of food and the Atwater factors discovered by direct calorimetry. The use of indirect calorimetry to determine the use of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates for energy is then dealt with, introducing the concept of energy equivalence of O 2 . The components of metabolic rate are then looked at. Regulation of food intake is then discussed, using the early notions of a “satiety center” and “feeding center,” since supplanted by a more complex picture of multiple centers and a more diffuse regulation of food intake. The notion of short-term and long-term satiety signals is introduced. An integrated picture of food intake regulation is attempted, combining gastrointestinal and humoral short-term signals and long-term signals of body adiposity. The role of nervous efferents in adjusting energy expenditure is included.
Phase II trial of sunitinib as adjuvant therapy after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with 1-3 newly diagnosed brain metastases.

2018 Background: For patients with 1-3 brain metastases, standard therapy after SRS is adjuvant whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). SRS without WBRT carries a higher rate of brain relapse. Due to conc...
Quality of life analysis of NCCTG N0877 (Alliance): Phase II trial of either dasatinib or placebo combined with standard chemoradiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

e17715 Background: Patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) must undergo extensive chemo-radiation therapy, but quality of life during treatment has not been fully evaluated. Fun...
Unexpected Conjectures about −5 Modulo Primes

When a student was asked to investigate a problem with no expectations or given approach, she made unlikely sounding conjectures that mutated into an unexpected way of recognizing when −5 is a squa...
Prospective study of giant paraesophageal hernia repair with 1-year follow-up

Abstract Objective Evaluating giant paraesophageal hernia (GPEH) repair requires long-term follow-up. GPEH repair can have associated high recurrence rates, yet this incidence depends on how recurrence is defined. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate patients undergoing GPEH repair with 1-year follow-up. Methods Patients undergoing elective GPEH repair between 2011 and 2014 were enrolled prospectively. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated at 1 month and 1 year. Radiographic recurrence was evaluated by barium swallow and defined as a gastroesophageal junction located above the hiatus. Quality of life was evaluated pre- and postoperatively with the use of a validated questionnaire. Results One-hundred six patients were enrolled. The majority of GPEH repairs were performed laparoscopically (80.2%), and 7.5% were redo repairs. At 1-year follow-up, 63.4% of patients were symptom free, and radiographic recurrence was 32.7%. Recurrence rate was 18.8% with standard definition (>2 cm of stomach above the diaphragm). Quality of life scores at 1 year were significantly better after operative repair, even in patients with radiographic recurrence (7.0 vs 22.5 all patients, 13.0 vs 22.5 with recurrence; P 2 cm recurrences. Conclusions GPEH repair can be performed with low operative mortality and morbidity. The rate of recurrence at 1 year depends on the definition used. Patient satisfaction and symptom severity are similar between patients with radiographic and greater than 2 cm hernia recurrences. Longer follow-up and critical assessment of our results are needed to understand the true impact of this procedure and better inform perioperative decision making.
Brains Behind Broadcast Behavior-The Science of British WWII Homefront Propoganda

From 1939-1943 Britain’s prime minister, Sir Winston Churchill, was set on persuading the British to continue fighting in WWII, so that Hitler would not be able to subjugate Great Britain, as he had already done with a great majority of Europe. Public support was needed, so the government embarked on a massive propaganda campaign aimed at persuading the British people to do everything necessary to support and aid the war effort. The propaganda took many forms: political rhetoric, music, posters, postcards, advertisements, and newspapers. Together these disparate media represent not just the basis of the British government’s effort to influence public opinion regarding the war effort, but contributed to the establishment of a distinct material culture. The propagandistic material culture was designed and distributed tactically, with the behavioral effects of the people in mind. “We had to go. We had to defend ourselves. If it hadn’t been for Churchill then, and the way people fought —it was very much in the balance at times —whether we were going to win, because Germany had been banking up on ammunition and planes and ships and things. We really were against it” (Interview, June 2016, Oxford –a young teen during WWII).
Practicing Evidence-Based Practices

Public education in the United States has a history of local control in the development of curriculum and instruction. Although notable court decisions have led to more universal applications of educational policy and practices (Brown v. Board of Education 1954, Oberti v. Clementon 1993), it has been federal law that has resulted in significant changes in instruction. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA; Public Law 108–142), first enacted in Public Law 94–142, guaranteed the right of a free, appropriate public education for all children, regardless of the severity of their disability. The word “appropriate” resulted in the beginning of what we refer to today as differentiated instruction: instructional strategies that allow a child to learn and progress in an educational setting. The federal law, No Child Left Behind (NCLB; Public Law 107-110), enacted in 2001, contributed to this initiative and added a caveat that these differentiated instructional strategies needed to be grounded in scientifically based research. Indeed, the term “scientifically based research” has been noted to appear in NCLB 111 times (Deshler 2002). The federal government, in IDEA 2004, identified 13 eligibility categories. In order to receive special education services, a student must, through a multidisciplinary evaluation, meet the eligibility criteria established for one of the 13 categories. Since 1975, when PL94–142 was enacted, educational interventions for students receiving special education have expanded, particularly in disability categories with a high level of incidence such as speech and language disorders and learning disabilities. Low-incidence disabilities, such as mental retardation, visual impairments, and autism, have received less attention.
Case Report: A Durable Open Repair Of A Rare Profunda Aneurysm.

Profunda femoris artery aneurysms (PFAAs) are rare and difficult to diagnose in the early stages of development due to location and encasement in the deep thigh musculature. We report the case of a 74-year-old male who was discovered to have a right PFAA during evaluation for progressively worsening short distance claudication. He had undergone an angioplasty of the left iliofemoral system several months ago with no improvement of his symptoms. The PFAA was diagnosed through computed tomography angiography and repaired via syndactylization of profunda femoris branches and interposition grafting with a polytetrafluoroethylene stretch graft. The imaging features are described in the article. Although PFAAs are rare clinical presentations, their development should be considered, in particular when symptoms such as progressive or unchanging claudication are present in a patient following an angioplasty of the affected iliofemoral system.
Diving into petascale production file systems through large scale profiling and analysis

As leadership computing facilities grow their storage capacity into the multi- petabyte range, the number of files and directories leap into the scale of billions. A complete profiling of such a parallel file system in a production environment presents a unique challenge. On one hand, the time, resources, and negative performance impact on production users can make regular profiling difficult. On the other hand, the result of such profiling can yield much needed understanding of the file system's general characteristics, as well as provide insight to how users write and access their data on a grand scale. This paper presents a lightweight and scalable profiling solution that can efficiently walk, analyze, and profile multi-petabyte parallel file systems. This tool has been deployed and is in regular use on very large-scale production parallel file systems at both Oak Ridge National Lab's Oak Ridge Leadership Facility (OLCF) and Lawrence Livermore National Lab's Livermore Computing (LC) facilities. We present the results of our initial analysis on the data collected from these two large-scale production systems, organized into three use cases: (1) file system snapshot and composition, (2) striping pattern analysis for Lustre, and (3) simulated storage capacity utilization in preparation for future file systems. Our analysis shows that on the OLCF file system, over 96% of user files exhibit the default stripe width, potentially limiting performance on large files by underutilizing storage servers and disks. Our simulated block analysis quantitatively shows the space overhead when doing a forklift system migration. It also reveals that due to the difference in system compositions (OLCF vs. LC), we can achieve better performance and space trade-offs by employing different native file system block sizes.
Incomplete tidal restoration may lead to persistent high CH4 emission

Salt marshes provide a range of critical ecosystem services including high rates of carbon sequestration. Recent recognition of the importance of these ecosystems has led to an interest in restoring marshes that have been degraded by human activities. Tidal restriction from coastal development can alter salt marsh plant and animal communities as well as marsh biogeochemistry. However, much less is known about how tidal restriction, and subsequent tidal restoration, may alter greenhouse gas emissions. Since salt marshes typically have lower emissions of methane than freshwater wetlands, tidal restoration that increases the salinity in a restricted marsh could theoretically improve the net global warming potential of a marsh by lowering methane emissions. In this study, we examined the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide at four temperate salt marshes, three of which had been restricted and subsequently restored. Greenhouse gas fluxes were poorly correlated with environmental parameters (biomass, temperature, moisture, sediment organic content, porewater salinity and pH, etc.) normally considered to be primary drivers of salt marsh biogeochemical processes. Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions and uptake were not influenced by the restriction and restoration history of the marshes. Despite comparable salinity, methane emissions in one partially restored marsh were 25 times higher than those in unimpacted reference sites 13+ years after restoration. However, methane emissions from the other restored sites were equal to or significantly lower than those from unimpacted reference sites. This study highlights that we cannot assume recovering ecosystems will function like unimpacted ones, especially if restoration is incomplete.
Experimental Autoimmune Renal Tubulointerstitial Disease

It is well established that many types of glomerular diseases are caused by immune complexes or by autoantibodies to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (Wilson, this volume). In experimental models and in cases of human glomerulonephritis, there also has been immunopathologic evidence for deposition of immune reactants along the tubular basement membrane (TBM) (Andres et al., 1978) although their role in the pathogenesis of tubular lesions remained largely unrecognized until about 7 years ago. As in glomerular diseases, compelling evidence for immune mechanisms in renal tubular diseases in man was obtained only after convincing animal models had been established (Andres and McCluskey, 1975) (Table 1).
Regulation of Cell-Cycle and Apoptosis in Human Brain Tumors

Cell division is the result of a series of events involving DNA replication (S phase), and the subsequent production of two daughter cells (M phase). The fundamental task of the cell-cycle is to ensure that DNA is faithfully replicated once during the S phase and that identical chromosomal copies are distributed equally to two daughter cells during the M phase. Cell-cycle progression depends on discrete control points to achieve that end. The control mechanisms that restrain cell-cycle transition or induce apoptotic-signaling pathways after cell stress are known as checkpoints. Ideally, checkpoints retard transition from one stage to another until a specific intrinsic or extrinsic condition has been satisfied. A complex system of positive and negative regulatory mechanisms governs cell-cycle progression, exerting control at various checkpoints. Two key control points in the cell-cycle are at the G1 checkpoint (DNA quality), and at the end of the G2 checkpoint (chromosomal quality) (Fig. 1). Lesions in the checkpoints regulatory pathways occur so frequently in cancer, regardless of patient age or tumor type, that they appear to be part of the life history of most, if not all, cancer cells (26,58, 64,83).
Markedness — An Overview

There is a relationship between the degree of our familiarity with things and the number of subdistinctions we can perceive among them. The better we know things the more we are able to detect secondary characteristics which assign them into sub-classes. This is widely illustrable perhaps from all areas of human perception. For example, Caucasians who do not often encounter Asians will perceive all Orientals as looking alike. Or: people who have never consciously observed bird songs will hear most birds as sounding the same. Besides conceptual rapport, simple temporal distance also blurs differences among things. Thus, events that are long past in one’s life may lose their special characteristics: all childhood friends may later be recalled as more or less indistinct members of the general class. And, of course, spatial distance itself also obscures subdistinctions: trees may seem all alike if viewed at great distance such as from a mountain top whereas, when seen at close range, they turn out to represent many subtypes.
Creative Connections: Technology and the Arts

This chapter highlights the overall importance of the Arts in education and how art in all its forms contributes to the development of human beings. It demonstrates the connection between the arts and the Common Core State Standards and provides ideas for teachers about how arts integration can happen naturally within the standards. The chapter further describes how the arts and technology can be integrated in ways that stimulate student creativity using a variety of technology tools to enhance visual arts, music, drama, and dance.
INITIAL RESULTS FROM A NEWLY ESTABLISHED SOLID STATE SPECT MYOCARDIAL FLOW QUANTIFICATION PROGRAM

We report data from our first twelve months of experience with flow quantification with CZT SPECT Patients referred for vasodilator stress MPI were randomly selected for dynamic imaging on a DSPECT camera. The patient population was reflective of referral patterns for MPI or post-heart transplant (
Enhanced cooperative group localization with identification of LOS/NLOS BSs in 5G dense networks

Abstract Many technologies in 5G networks, such as massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and device-to-device (D2D) communication capabilities as well as the high mobile stations (MSs) density, are beneficial for implementing the accurate locations of MSs. This paper envisages seamless localization in the era of 5G in which MSs use D2D communications, to determine their locations in a cooperative method. An improved cooperative scheme, referred to as Enhanced Cooperative Group Localization (ECGL), is proposed which reduces connectivity constraints and combines received signal strength/angle of arrival (RSS/AOA). Through massive MIMO, the directional measurement between BSs and MSs (AOA measurement) is enhanced, which would increase the localization accuracy. Also, the technologies of dense networks adopted in 5G lead to a large number of LOS links. As will be seen, such conditions help to increase the probability of detection of LOS and consequently to ameliorate the performance of the ECGL scheme.
Clinical Reasoning: A 71-year-old man receiving treatment for cryptococcal meningitis, developing new-onset lethargy.

A 71-year-old man presented to the hospital with low-grade fevers and a headache. Over the course of 2 weeks, he had developed urinary incontinence and worsening blurry vision. The patient had a history of heavy alcohol use but stopped drinking 1 month prior to presentation. The patient was not known to be immunocompromised.
College students’ perceptions of television portrayals of Hispanics

Based on questionnaire responses from 381 undergraduate students, this study sought to examine perceptions of Hispanics on television. Results revealed that college students perceive Hispanics port...
Production Method and Irrigation Affect Root Morphology of Live Oak

Abstract Trees of live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) were container-grown (CG) or field-grown (FG) to a mean trunk diameter of 9.4 cm (3.7 in), transplanted into sandy soil, and established with f...
Getting social in selection: How social networking website content is perceived and used in hiring

The use of social networking websites (SNWs) during employee selection is gaining popularity in organizations. Using a foundation that integrates identity and situational strength theories, we develop a conceptual framework that differentiates SNW information from information gathered through traditional selection procedures, and distinguishes between SNW types. Research questions and hypotheses are tested using a survey of 291 hiring professionals. Results indicate that SNW content is considered useful and is regularly utilized during hiring. Some SNW content is viewed positively (e.g., information supporting qualifications), while other information leads to negative perceptions (e.g., discriminatory comments). Finally, results support a differentiation between personal and professional SNW, as the kind of information sought and the effectiveness of assessing various work‐related constructs differs between these SNW categories.
Characterization of Postoperative Infection Risk in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Delayed Sternal Closure.

Objectives To compare the incidence of postoperative infection in cardiac surgery patients who had delayed sternal closure (DSC) with those who had primary sternal closure (PSC) and evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in DSC patients. Design Retrospective, observational cohort study with propensity score matching. Setting Single academic medical center. Participants Cardiothoracic surgery patients, excluding transplantation patients, from a single academic medical center who had DSC or PSC between November 2015 and November 2018. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Of 2,685 patients who had cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, 99 had DSC. Fifty-nine DSC patients met study inclusion criteria, and the final propensity score matched cohort included 57 patients with DSC and 57 patients with PSC. Propensity score matching reduced bias but was unable to balance all covariates. The most common indication for DSC was coagulopathy in 32 of the 57 patients. All patients in the PSC group received routine antibiotic prophylaxis for 48 hours after surgery. Patients in the DSC group received prolonged broadened prophylaxis until 48 hours after sternal closure. Despite prolonged broadened antibiotic prophylaxis, the DSC group had a higher rate of postoperative infection (31.6% v 3.5%; p Conclusion The incidence of postoperative infection, particularly pneumonia, is high in cardiothoracic surgery patients with DSC, even with prolonged broadened antibiotic prophylaxis, but the rate of mediastinitis/deep tissue infection did not appear to be greater with DSC. Additional research is needed into optimal antibiotic prophylaxis in this high-risk group of patients.