cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“How Europeans Become Americans”: Reading Labor into the Code of Consent

Mr. Morris Furstenwaerther's question whether German emigrants might expect, as an incentive, special favors or privileges in America. In his reply, Adams reminded German emigrants that they "come to a life of independence, but to a life of labor...and, if they cannot accomodate themselves to the character, moral, political and physical, of this country, with all its compensating balances of good and evil, the Atlantic will always be open to them to return to the land of their nativity and their fathers." (4)
Preweaning diet programs postweaning plasma thyroxine concentrations in baboons

We tested the hypothesis that breast- and formula-feeding of infant baboons affect postweaning plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and that differences in thyroid hormone concentrations are associated with long-term effects of infant diet on lipoprotein concentrations and cholesterol metabolism. Newborn baboons were breast-fed (n = 12) or fed formulas with a high polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fat ratio (n = 11) or with a low P/S ratio (n = 12) similar to baboon breast milk. Baboons were weaned at 14 weeks of age to a high cholesterol, saturated fat diet. Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in this group of baboons until about 223 weeks of age. Thyroid hormones were also measured at 400 weeks in a second group of adult baboons (n = 80) that as infants were either breast-fed or fed formulas with varying levels of cholesterol. Baboons breast-fed as infants averaged 11% higher (P < 0.03) thyroxine (T4) concentrations from 34 to 400 weeks of age compared with those fed formulas. From 70 to 400 weeks of age breast-fed baboons had 10% lower T3/T4 ratios (P < 0.03). Breast- versus formula-feeding did not affect postweaning T3 and fT3 concentrations. Postweaning thyroid hormone concentrations were not significantly affected by the P/S ratio or the cholesterol level of the infant formulas. The rank correlation of the means of the sire progeny groups for T4 and HDL-C concentrations was statistically significant (rn = -0.83; P < 0.05). Partial correlations of T4 concentrations with body weight, feed intake, or measures of cholesterol metabolism were not significant. T4 concentrations were significantly correlated with T3 concentrations (r = 0.42; P < 0.02), and T3 concentrations were correlated with bile acid synthesis rate (r = 0.47; P < 0.01), acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (r = 0.66; P < 0.001), and plasma HDL1-C levels (r = -0.49; P < 0.007). These effects suggest that altered thyroid hormone homeostasis may partially mediate the long-term differences in cholesterol metabolism caused by breast-versus formula-feeding.
Aldehydic Resorption in Mice

ConclusionsHeptaldehyde is capable of inducing resorption of mouse embryos when it is administered orally from the first to the fifth day after insemination, but it is most effective on the first and second days after insemination. Dissolved in the ethyl esters of lard, it can cause destruction of fertility as late as the thirteenth day after insemination. The oral feeding of heptaldehyde had no appreciable effect on the growth of the Marsh Carcinoma, but these experiments indicate that further work is necessary to determine the best conditions whereby heptaldehyde (or other aldehydes) can have greater access to tumors before its therapeutic value can be established.
Cops on Film: Hollywood’s Depiction of Law Enforcement in Popular Films, 1984–2014

With numerous recent incidents in which law-enforcement officers played a role in the deaths of citizens, there is a renewed focus on cops and their actions. Part of that discussion is related to the nation’s preconceived notions of cops and where those ideas might originate. Popular culture contributes to those images; this study explores one source of those images: film. More specifically, it investigates the image of law enforcement on the silver screen from 1984 through 2014. With a sample of 34 films and more than 200 cop characters, this study finds a mixed general depiction of law enforcement in movies but a positive depiction of individual cop characters. The prevalent descriptor of those characters was good, hard-working, and competent law-enforcement officers. This exploratory study informs broader discussions about the images of cops found in popular culture.
Current status on the evaluation and management of the highly sensitized kidney transplant recipient.

Purpose of review In light of the recent changes to the kidney allocation system (KAS) and the observed increase in the rate of transplantation of the highly sensitized kidney transplant candidate, the evaluation and care of this population is a timely topic. Recent findings In its first year, the new KAS has already realized one goal of improving the chances of transplanting the most highly sensitized patients in the waiting list. This has brought to the forefront the need for recipient readiness in this special population, as well as the need for histocompatibility labs and kidney transplant programs to align themselves with each other, and also with the requirements of the United Network for Organ Sharing, and increase proficiency in testing and data interpretation. This manuscript is a review of the literature as well as practice patterns as they relate to the changes in KAS and the observed outcome since the activation of the new KAS, with the ultimate goal of aiding in the development of a more unified approach in the care of this specialized population which will allow for interdisciplinary and cross centre dialogue to optimize long term care and outcomes. Summary Here we will review the changes to the KAS as they affect the highly sensitized kidney transplant recipient, and additional considerations in the evaluation and management of these patients.
Sleeping tops awake

For over 200 years, from Newton to Poincare, the development of mathematics and mechanics progressed so closely that they were almost synonymous. Figures such as Euler, Laplace, Lagrange, Cauchy and Fourier made fundamental contributions to both fields, often in the same piece of work. Now, after a long separation (if not a complete divorce), they are coming closer once more.
Role of Nanoparticles for Delivery of Genetic Material

Use of nano-sized materials as systems for delivery of genetic material into living cells is new and promising approach. Recent data showed that carbon-based, metal-based, composite nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles have a potential to carry nucleic acids into plant cells. The unique ability of nanomaterials to penetrate plant cell wall and move inside the cell in fast manner can open ways for improvement of a number of transformation techniques including particle bombardment. However, experimental attempts to use nanomaterials as carriers of DNA/RNA in planta are rare. Here, we summarize the reports on successful delivery and integration of genetic material inside plants by using different classes of nanomaterials as delivery systems.
Watching speciation in action.

Charles Darwin closed his first edition of On the Origin of Species with the poetic words: “There is grandeur in this view of life,…whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved” ( 1 ). Today, scientists are using genetics to understand how species multiply, and ecological and behavioral knowledge to understand why they do so. However, many questions remain about the sources of genetic variation and how new phenotypes arise in response to environmental change. Recent research has revealed unexpected origins of genetic variation, providing crucial insights into phenotypic divergence and the evolutionary effects of rare events triggered by global climatic change.
Before International Tax Reform, We Need to Understand Why Firms Invert

A wave of corporate inversions by U.S. firms over the past two decades has generated substantial debate in academic, business, and policy circles. The core of the debate hinges on a couple of key economic questions: Do U.S. tax laws disadvantage U.S.-domiciled companies relative to their foreign competitors? And, if so, do inversions improve the competitiveness of U.S. multinational firms both abroad and at home? There is unfortunately little, if any, empirical work directly determining whether U.S.-based MNCs are currently tax-disadvantaged compared to their foreign rivals, or measuring the amount by which (if any) U.S.-based MNCs improve their competitive position by inverting. This brief, however, summarizes both old and new research that views these questions through the lens of corporations’ global effective tax rates (ETRs), and finds that the stronger case seems to be that U.S.-domiciled corporations are often tax-disadvantaged and that they can improve their competitive position by inverting. Additional evidence also suggests that U.S. MNCs can increase their after-tax cash flow by inverting. Inversions indicate that something is fundamentally wrong with the tax system. The brief concludes by discussing two feasible paths forward for reform.
Relationships Among Teachers’ Use of Mental State Verbs and Children’s Vocabulary Growth

Research Findings: Mental state verbs (MSV), a component of literate and academic language, may facilitate vocabulary growth, as they relate to metacognitive and metalinguistic awareness as well as...
The economics of urban afforestation: Insights from an integrated bioeconomic-health model

Abstract Urban afforestation programs are starting to act on the growing body of evidence that nature and greenspace are important determinants of well-being. However, there are a lack of credible investigations into the long-term returns on investment of afforestation inclusive of positive and negative externalities, project-related costs, and dynamic environmental feedbacks. Using the New York City forest canopy as an example, our integrated bioeconomic-health model illustrates that investments in afforestation produce per planted tree net benefits that are significantly lower than previous similarly comparable estimates ($12 vs. $172) and are nonlinear in canopy size. We also show that a reduction in urban air quality, such as those that may be produced by changes in national air quality policies and enforcement, can be mitigated through increased investment in urban afforestation. Our results have significant public policy implications for urban environmental quality initiatives.
Revenue for Initial Orthopaedic Trauma Care: Effects of Patient and Injury Characteristics.

Objective:To characterize the charges and collections associated with the initial inpatient management of trauma patients who undergo operative fracture management.Design:Retrospective.Setting:Level 1 trauma center.Participants:Four hundred forty consecutive, adult, trauma patients.Intervention:Fixa
Limited hatchery introgression into wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations despite reoccurring stocking

Due to increased anthropogenic pressures on many fish populations, supplementing wild populations with captive-raised individuals has become an increasingly common management practice. Stocking programs can be controversial due to uncertainty about the long-term fitness effects of genetic introgression on wild populations. In particular, introgression between hatchery and wild individuals can cause declines in wild population fitness, resiliency, and adaptive potential and contribute to local population extirpation. However, low survival and fitness of captive-raised individuals can minimize the long-term genetic consequences of stocking in wild populations, and to date the prevalence of introgression in actively stocked ecosystems has not been rigorously evaluated. We quantified the extent of introgression in 30 populations of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Pennsylvania watershed and examined the correlation between introgression and 11 environmental covariates. Genetic assignment tests were used to determine the origin (wild vs. captive-raised) for 1,742 wild-caught and 300 hatchery brook trout. To avoid assignment biases, individuals were assigned to two simulated populations that represented the average allele frequencies in wild and hatchery groups. Fish with intermediate probabilities of wild ancestry were classified as introgressed, with threshold values determined through simulation. Even with reoccurring stocking at most sites, over 93% of wild-caught individuals probabilistically assigned to wild origin, and only 5.6% of wild-caught fish assigned to introgressed. Models examining environmental drivers of introgression explained <3% of the among-population variability, and all estimated effects were highly uncertain. This was not surprising given overall low introgression observed in this study. Our results suggest that introgression of hatchery-derived genotypes can occur at low rates, even in actively stocked ecosystems and across a range of habitats. However, a cautious approach to stocking may still be warranted, as the potential effects of stocking on wild population fitness and the mechanisms limiting introgression are not known.
Mental Health Counselors' Decision-Making Priorities Related to Inpatient Admissions for Anxiety Disordered Clients: A Pilot Study

Factors related to making decisions about whether or not a client should be admitted as an inpatient are poorly understood. Research focused on mental health counselors' decision-making priorities related to admission decisions for anxiety disordered clients is scant. This pilot study assessed which clinical factors most led mental health counselors to recommend an immediate inpatient admission among anxiety disordered clients presenting at a community mental health center. Results revealed that suicidality and inability to care for oneself strongly predicted the recommendations for an inpatient admission. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Weight Control Expectancies in Treatment-Seeking African American Smokers

African Americans are disproportionately affected by tobacco smoking and obesity. As weight control expectancies can reinforce smoking maintenance, the purpose of this study was to explore psychosocial factors related to expectancies for weight control among African Americans seeking cessation treatment. African American smokers (N = 117) provided information on demographics, family medical history, personal risk factors, smoking, weight control expectancies and concerns, perceived stress, and acculturation. Multivariate analyses examined hypotheses regarding determinants of weight control expectancies. Fifty-one percent of participants were concerned about gaining weight upon cessation. Positive expectations for weight control through smoking were associated with older age, a family history of heart disease, greater perceived stress, and a lower level of acculturation. In conclusion, many African American smokers are concerned about postcessation weight gain; expectations for weight control through smoking are most evident those with elevated perceived stress, traditional African American cultural values, and a family history of chronic illness. Needed are culturally specific smoking cessation interventions that include weight management strategies as an adjunct to smoking cessation treatments.
Ranking Models, Mathematics of

Suppose that k items are ranked from best to worst by a nondeterministic process. This article surveys many of the probability models for ranked data that have been proposed in the statistical and psychological literature. The focus is on three general classes of ranking models: (a) Thurstone order statistics models, (b) ranking models induced by paired comparisons, and (c) ranking models based on distances between permutations. The underlying motivation for each model is presented. Additionally, several thematic properties of ranking models are described, including reversibility, complete consensus, and L-decomposability. These properties serve as the basis for a systematic discussion of each of the classes of ranking models.
William E. Ladd, M.D.: Great Pioneer of North American Pediatric Surgery

William E. Ladd (1880–1967) lived and worked in a time of an enormous development of medicine and surgery and yet a time when many of the new facts could be understood and utilized by one individual. He was born in the vicinity of Boston to a merchant family who had previously lived in northern New England. His education was at good preparatory schools and then at Harvard University, from which he received an A.B. in 1902 and an M.D. in 1906. During college he rowed on the Harvard crew, an activity which he continued for years, both as a rower and then as the doctor for the crew. Upon graduation from medical school, he received a general surgical training and embarked on a general surgical practice. His early hospital appointments included those at the Boston City Hospital and also the Infants and Children’s Hospitals. He started as assistant in surgery at Harvard and advanced to instructor, assistant professor, clinical professor, and 5 years before his retirement in 1945 (Fig. 1).
Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste as a Bio-Filler for Thermoplastic Polymers: Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Polypropylene Filled with Naturally Derived CaCo3:

The processing and characterization of polypropylene/eggshell composites was the main objective of this study. Natural source-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was extracted from waste chicken eggs...
Introduction to this special section: Infrastructure assessment

Aging infrastructure is a growing problem and point of emphasis in the United States and across the globe. There is a need to assess and monitor the current state of different types of civil infras...
The uphill battle for action-specific perception.

The action-specific account of perception states that a perceiver’s ability to act influences the perception of the environment. For example, participants tend to perceive distances as farther when presented up hills than on the flat ground. This tendency is known as the distance-on-hill effect. However, there is debate as to whether these types of effects are truly perceptual. Critics of the action-specific account of perception claim that the effects could be due to participants guessing the hypothesis and trying to comply with the experimental demands. The present study aims to explore the distance-on-hill effect and determine whether it is truly perceptual or whether past results were due to response bias. Participants judged the relative distance to targets on a hill and the flat ground. We found the distance-on-hill effect in virtual reality using a visual matching task. The distance-on-hill effect persisted even when participants were given explicit feedback about their estimates. We also found that the effect went away, as predicted by a perceptual explanation, when participants had to match the distance between two cones that were both on hills. These results offer important steps toward the painstaking task of determining whether action’s effect on perception is truly perceptual.
Why be Natural

Naturalness, as a guiding principle for effective field theories (EFTs), requires that there be no sensitive correlations between phenomena at low- and high-energy scales. This essay considers four reasons to adopt this principle: (i) natural EFTs exhibit modest empirical success; (ii) unnatural EFTs are improbable; (iii) naturalness underwrites what Williams (Stud Hist Philos Mod Phys 51:82, 2015) calls a “central dogma” of EFTs; namely, that phenomena at widely separated scales should decouple; and (iv) naturalness underwrites a non-trivial notion of emergence. I argue that the first three are not compelling reasons, whereas the fourth is.
Gaussian Convex Bodies: a Nonasymptotic Approach

We study linear images of a symmetric convex body C ⊆ ℝN under an n × N Gaussian random matrix G, where N ≥ n. Special cases include common models of Gaussian random polytopes and zonotopes. We focus on the intrinsic volumes of GC and study the expectation, variance, small and large deviations from the mean, small ball probabilities, and higher moments. We discuss how the geometry of C, quantified through several different global parameters, affects such concentration properties. When n = 1, G is simply a 1 × N row vector, and our analysis reduces to Gaussian concentration for norms. For matrices of higher rank and for natural families of convex bodies CN ⊆ ℝN, with N → ∞, we obtain new asymptotic results and take first steps to compare with the asymptotic theory.
Improving Performance and Cybersecurity in an IoT-based System of Systems Integrating Robots and Virtual Human

Two humanoid robots and a virtual human were separately integrated through an loT-based common platform as a system of systems to collaborate with each other for performing a selected real-world task. The task was to collaboratively search for a hidden or missing object in a social setting (e.g., home) for human beneficiaries. Both robots were human-like, but one was more human-like than the other. The virtual human was also made human-like. The robots and the virtual human (called the agents) were made intelligent and autonomous by enriching them with similar functions and interaction modes, and they were integrated through the IoT-based common platform. The agents were then animated via the common platform based on some intelligent control algorithms to perform the selected task in collaboration. The IoT-based platform was then evaluated for performance towards achieving success in the collaboration and maintaining cybersecurity in the IoT network. The cybersecurity assessment results were compared with that when the agents were controlled individually without being integrated via the IoT for the same collaborative task. The results showed that the performance in the IoT -based collaboration was satisfactory in various terms, which proved the effectiveness of the IoT -based integration of the agents as a system of systems. The assessment results also showed higher potential of the IoT -based system to secure cybersecurity over the non IoT -based individual control of the agents. The results can help develop system of systems integrating intelligent real and virtual agents via IoT frameworks to perform real-world complex tasks for humans with higher performance and better cybersecurity.
The Influence of Legal Brothels on Illegal Sexual Service Purchasing Habits: The U.S. Context:

In this study, we use a survey of sex workers’ clients to examine the relationship between having paid for services in legal brothels in Nevada and paying for criminalized sexual services among mal...
Corporate Treatment of Veterans as an ESG Factor

The majority of Americans consider positive treatment of military veterans as a social good. Similarly, the majority of corporate America considers the hiring and training of veterans to be a central Corporate and Social Responsibility (CSR) objective. Yet to date, none of the major Economic, Social and Governance (ESG) data research providers have included data related to this subject in their core offerings. This paper identifies Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) related to corporate practices regarding military veterans, then relates them to ESG KPIs, management quality and investment performance of publicly traded companies. The findings reveal that in ignoring factors relating to corporate treatment of military veterans, ESG data providers and their clients are missing out on a significant source of potential alpha.
Fast Convergence for Langevin Diffusion with Manifold Structure

In this paper, we study the problem of sampling from distributions of the form p(x) \propto e^{-\beta f(x)} for some function f whose values and gradients we can query. This mode of access to f is natural in the scenarios in which such problems arise, for instance sampling from posteriors in parametric Bayesian models. Classical results show that a natural random walk, Langevin diffusion, mixes rapidly when f is convex. Unfortunately, even in simple examples, the applications listed above will entail working with functions f that are nonconvex -- for which sampling from p may in general require an exponential number of queries. In this paper, we focus on an aspect of nonconvexity relevant for modern machine learning applications: existence of invariances (symmetries) in the function f, as a result of which the distribution p will have manifolds of points with equal probability. First, we give a recipe for proving mixing time bounds for Langevin diffusion as a function of the geometry of these manifolds. Second, we specialize our arguments to classic matrix factorization-like Bayesian inference problems where we get noisy measurements A(XX^T), X \in R^{d \times k} of a low-rank matrix, i.e. f(X) = \|A(XX^T) - b\|^2_2, X \in R^{d \times k}, and \beta the inverse of the variance of the noise. Such functions f are invariant under orthogonal transformations, and include problems like matrix factorization, sensing, completion. Beyond sampling, Langevin dynamics is a popular toy model for studying stochastic gradient descent. Along these lines, we believe that our work is an important first step towards understanding how SGD behaves when there is a high degree of symmetry in the space of parameters the produce the same output.
Efficacy of Fibrin Sealants in Preventing Seroma Formation in Reduction Mammaplasty: A Single Surgeon's Experience.

Background Fibrin sealant is a controversial method for reducing seroma formation. It is comprised of human proclotting factors, fibrinogen and thrombin. Fibrin sealants have been extensively studied for their efficacy in reducing the rates of seroma by sealing the dead space; however, in most studies, the sealants are used with surgical drains. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, fibrin sealant carries the risk of life-threatening thromboembolic complications, gas emboli, and transmission of infectious agents. Despite these concerns, many plastic surgeons use such products in ambulatory surgeries even though its effect on seroma formation has yet to be elucidated. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of fibrin sealants in seroma prevention in reduction mammoplasty with and without surgical drains. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all bilateral reduction mammaplasty by a single-surgeon from 2014 to 2018. Patients had at least 90 days postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients younger than 18 years, had prior breast surgery, or had an incidental cancer diagnosis in breast reduction tissue specimen. Results On analysis, 159 patients met inclusion criteria and were categorized into group 1, with fibrin sealant (n = 101) and group 2, no fibrin sealant (n = 58). There were no statistical differences in patient demographics. There was no significant difference in the incidence of seroma between group 1 and group 2 (21% vs 19%, P = 0.782). Group 1 incidence of seroma was further analyzed by sealant type: Tisseal, Floseal, and Evicel (12% vs 27% vs 23%, P = 0.436). In group 1, the use of sealant alone was more likely to result in seroma formation when compared with the combination of sealant and surgical drains (25% vs 8%, P = 0.069). Conclusions There is no difference in rate of seroma formation with the use of fibrin sealants in reduction mammaplasty. The use of fibrin sealants without surgical drains may increase the rate of seromas. Plastic surgeons could consider weighing the risk versus benefits in using fibrin sealants with or without drains in ambulatory surgeries.
Comparing clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous transperitoneal and transhepatic cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis:

BackgroundPercutaneous cholecystostomy is performed by interventional radiologists for patients with calculous/acalculous cholecystitis who are poor candidates for cholecystectomy. Two anatomical a...
The necessity of data transparency to publish.

Even though The Journal of Social Psychology was one of the first psychology journals to adopt open science badges (J. E. Grahe, 2014), and the first to require Research Materials Transparency (J. ...
Validation of the Serbian Translation of the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale (DPSS)

Disgust represents a feeling of revulsion and is manifested as a response to adverse stimuli and indicates a motivation to withdraw from the stimulus. Several attempts were made to measure disgust, the earliest being the Disgust Sensitivity Scale (Haidt et al., 1994) that relied on responses to disgust elicitors, and the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale (DPSS, Cavanagh & Davey, 2000) that focused on the feeling itself, not on the strength of the reaction to specific disgust elicitors. There are two proposed models of the DPSS, one with two subscales, disgust propensity (DP) and disgust sensitivity (DS), and the other with three subscales where the self-focused/ruminative disgust (SFR) split from DS. This study aimed to validate the Serbian translation of the scale. We used two samples, a student sample (N = 437) and a social network user sample (N = 344). We used confirmatory factor analysis in both samples and the yielded results have shown that the three-factor solution is superior. The internal consistency of the subscales was marginally acceptable, while SFR subscale alpha value lagged in the social network user sample. Significant gender differences in subscale values were detected as expected, adding to the scale validity. Also, DP and DS registered a weak positive correlation with trait Neuroticism, negative affect, stress, depression, and anxiety. These results will further our claims that our translation of the DPSS is valid. In conclusion, we believe that the Serbian translation of the 12 item DPSS scale is viable for use in future research on this subject.
Conception after chemotherapy: post-chemotherapy method of conception and pregnancy outcomes in breast cancer patients

As the paradigm shifts towards improving cancer survivorship, an important concern for reproductive-aged women diagnosed with cancer is how their disease and its treatment will affect their future fertility. We sought to characterize pregnancy attempts and outcomes in breast cancer patients following chemotherapy. We conducted a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with breast cancer seen between 2010 and 2019. A questionnaire was administered following cancer treatment with questions regarding oncologic and reproductive history and attempts and method of conception. Of 181 participants, 46 (25.4%) attempted to conceive following chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients (76.1%) had return of ovarian function. Of those, 34 patients (mean age 32.8 years) first attempted to conceive by intercourse, and 22 (64.7%) became pregnant, resulting in 17 live births. Of the remaining 12 who did not successfully conceive through intercourse, eight went on to try other methods, resulting in five additional pregnancies and one live birth. Twelve patients (mean age 34.6 years) proceeded directly to ART; of those, eight (66.7%) became pregnant, resulting in six live births. In breast cancer patients with return of ovarian function after chemotherapy, half were able to conceive by intercourse alone. In order to maximize reproductive potential in patients who have return of ovarian function, providers should offer natural conception as a reasonable option prior to the use of cryopreserved tissue. For those who did not attempt to conceive on their own, the use of pre-treatment cryopreserved eggs or embryos had a high likelihood of success.
Inferior Vena Cava Reconstruction Using a Ringed Polytetrafluoroethylene Interposition Graft and Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement Following Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma With a Tumor Thrombus Directly Infiltrating the Inferior Vena Cava.

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus (TT) may extend into and, in rare cases, actually invade the inferior vena cava (IVC). Techniques of IVC reconstruction after removal of the...
High-performance silicon photonics using heterogeneous integration

The performance of silicon photonic components and integrated circuits has improved dramatically in recent years. As a key enabler, heterogeneous integration not only provides the optical gain which is absent from native Si substrates and enables complete photonic functionalities on chip, but also lays the foundation of versatile integrated photonic device performance engineering. This paper reviews recent progress of high-performance silicon photonics using heterogeneous integration, with emphasis on ultra-low-loss waveguides, single-wavelength lasers, comb lasers, and photonic integrated circuits including optical phased arrays for LiDAR and optical transceivers for datacenter interconnects.
Chapter VI Industrial Applications

A CAD-based methodology using ‘implementation space’ has been developed and tested in the first paper to determine the physical implementation of a robot in an existing industrial environment. An optimization criterion enables the user to minimize the number of robots necessary to accomplish all considered tasks. In the second paper, an expert system for the selection of an industrial robot has been developed from a survey of industrial practices. A knowledge base and rule set allow functional parameters to be matched against the available robot characteristics. In the third paper, an industrial robot can perform product assembly without special part feeders and fixtures. Feedback from a machine vision system is used with CAD-based part descriptions to achieve automated assembly. In the fourth paper, a robotics system that can locomote a vertical surface is shown to be feasible. Four vacuum cup legs and a PC-based controller enable the robot to climb curved as well as straight surfaces. In the fifth paper, the design of a semiautomatic manipulator to clear ore jams that risk human life and shut down mines has been conceived. This remotely controlled telemanipulator would recover its cost within one year.
An approach to defining requirements for exceptions

When exception handling is required for a software system, the defining the requirements of the desired behavior in the presence of exceptional conditions is generally defined as an add-on to the core requirements. This is necessary because by definition, requirements define desired behavior, and exceptions are undesired, abnormal situations. Consequently, by using separate mechanisms to define :normal” processing and “exceptional” processing, the requirements statements do not provide a unified way of analyzing behavior, potentially allowing undesired effects during execution. This paper proposes a new approach, based on usage modeling, to unifying the specification of normal behavior and exceptional behavior into one model.
Participation of dynamin in the biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.

Dynamin is a 100-kDa GTPase that has been implicated in endocytosis. To extend our understanding of its cellular functions, we have microinjected specific affinity-purified anti-dynamin antibodies ...
The Image Field Effect: How Important Is It?

Shortly after the discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS),1 several mechanisms were proposed to explain the observed factor of 106 enhancement in Raman intensity seen for molecules adsorbed on Ag surfaces. (Reference 2 contains a review.) One of these mechanisms, 3,4 now known as the image field effect (IFE) mechanism, considered the interaction between the oscillating di-pole moment induced in the adsorbed molecule and its image in the metal. Under the appropriate circumstances and assumptions, the interaction between the adsorbed molecule and its image was found to be large enough to cause a substantial enhancement in Raman intensity, and from this it was concluded that the IFE might at least partially be responsible for the SERS enhancement. Since these first studies, a number of papers have appeared in which the various approximations and assumptions of the IFE model have been studied and tested.5–16 At present, the conclusions of these studies are the subject of significant disagreement and, because of this, the IFE model has been both praised and condemned. In this paper I review these efforts to test the IFE model of SERS and I will summarize the current status of the comparison between IFE model predictions and experiment.
Spitzer Warm Mission Archive Science Opportunities

The rich data archive from the Spitzer cryogenic mission will be comprised of approximately 25 TB of data. A five‐year warm mission would add an additional 15–20 TB. All of these data will be processed and archived to form homogeneous, reliable database to support research for decades after the end of the Spitzer mission. The SSC proposes a robust archival research program during the warm mission phase. A sampling of possible archival programs are described.
She’s Got the Look: The Representation of Ideals of Beauty in Contemporary Fashion Magazines

This paper reports data from an ongoing program of research intended to explore the ways that beauty is represented in mass media. Building on prior research that identified a finite universe of “looks” used by industry experts to categorize fashion models, we present the results of a content analysis of major American fashion magazines that explores the relative preponderance of different looks, and the degree to which these beauty types “match up” with or are at odds with the images of brands with which they are linked in contemporary fashion magazine advertising.
Molecular Diagnostic Applications in Forensic Science

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the general characteristics of short tandem repeats on Y chromosomes (Y-STRs) in forensic analyses, analytic procedures for typing Y-STR loci, and general interpretation issues. Y-chromosome DNA resides in the nucleus, but its markers differ in some respects from the autosomal loci. Most of the DNA in the Y-chromosome is non-recombinant, with only the most distal portions of the chromosome able to recombine with the X-chromosome. Barring mutation, the Y-linked DNA types are identical for all paternal relatives, including male siblings. This characteristic is helpful in human identity cases, such as those involving the analysis of the remains of a missing person. In such cases, known paternal relatives can provide reference samples for direct comparison to the unknown Y-linked DNA types. A set of markers residing on the Y-chromosome enable the analysis of samples, such as mixtures composed of minute amounts of male DNA amid a large background of female DNA. Issues to be considered when implementing DNA typing methods for Y-STRs are exemplified and core sets of Y-STR loci are defined. Molecular diagnostic applications in forensic science require the methods to be validated and developed for placing statistical weight on an evidence profile that matches a reference sample profile, quality assurance measures to be implemented, and interpretation guidelines instituted.
Odorant Response Properties of Convergent Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Information about odorant stimuli is thought to be represented in spatial and temporal patterns of activity across neurons in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb (OB). Previous studies suggest that olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) distributed in the nasal cavity project to localized regions in the glomerular layer of the OB. However, the functional significance of this convergence is not yet known, and in no studies have the odorant response properties of individual ORNs projecting to defined OB regions been measured directly. We have retrogradely labeled mouse ORNs connecting to different glomeruli in the dorsal OB and tested single cells for responses to odorants using fura-2 calcium imaging. ORNs that project to clusters of dorsomedial (DM) glomeruli exhibit different odorant response profiles from those that project to dorsolateral (DL) glomeruli. DL-projecting ORNs showed responses to compounds with widely different structures, including carvone, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and acetophenone. In contrast, DM-projecting neurons exhibited responses to a more structurally restricted set of compounds and responded preferentially to organic acids. These data demonstrate that ORN afferents segregate by odorant responsiveness and that the homogeneity of ORN and glomerular input varies with different OB regions. The data also demonstrate that a subpopulation of ORNs projecting to DM glomeruli is functionally similar.
Evaluation of the mouse model for study of encephalopathy in pertussis vaccine recipients.

Steinman et al. (...) described a reaction in mice receiving bovine serum albumin (BSA) and killed Bordetella pertussis organisms which appeared to involve the central nervous system. The response was interpreted as representing an encephalopathy and was proposed as a model for vaccine-associated events in DTP recipients. It is not appropriate at present, however, for this phenomenon to be considered a «model for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy» or for this protocol to be used to test the «encephalopathic potential» of pertussis vaccines
Evaluating the Roles of Autophagy and Lysosomal Trafficking Defects in Intracellular Distribution-Based Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Lysosomes

Many currently approved drugs possess weakly basic properties that make them substrates for extensive sequestration in acidic intracellular compartments such as lysosomes through an ion trapping-type mechanism. Lysosomotropic drugs often have unique pharmacokinetic properties that stem from the extensive entrapment in lysosomes, including an extremely large volume of distribution and a long half-life. Accordingly, pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions can occur when one drug modifies lysosomal volume such that the degree of lysosomal sequestration of secondarily administered drugs is significantly altered. In this work, we have investigated potential mechanisms for drug-induced alterations in lysosomal volume that give rise to drug-drug interactions involving lysosomes. We show that eight hydrophobic amines, previously characterized as perpetrators in this type of drug-drug interaction, cause a significant expansion in lysosomal volume that was correlated with both the induction of autophagy and with decreases in the efficiency of lysosomal egress. We also show that well-known chemical inducers of autophagy caused an increase in apparent lysosomal volume and an increase in secondarily administered lysosomotropic drugs without negatively impacting vesicle-mediated lysosomal egress. These results could help rationalize how the induction of autophagy could cause variability in the pharmacokinetic properties of lysosomotropic drugs.
Recurrent cervical squamous cell carcinoma in an ovary following ovarian conservation and radical hysterectomy.

Abstract This is the second reported case of an ovarian recurrence of Stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. It occurred following radical hysterectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The issue of ovarian conservation is addressed.
A 40Gbit/s Gateless Multicast-Capable Optical Switch Fabric

An optical switch fabric that is based on a new broadcast-and-select architecture is modified for use in a 40Gbit/s hybrid optical router for the first time. Compared to the other broadcast-and-select architectures, the new design eliminates the use of ON-OFF gates, and it requires a lower component count for implementation.
On aggregation in CA models in biology

Aggregation of randomly distributed particles into clusters of aligned particles is modeled using a cellular automata (CA) approach. The CA model accounts for interactions between more than one type of particle, in which pressures for angular alignment with neighbors compete with pressures for grouping by cell type. In the case of only one particle type clusters tend to unite into one big cluster. In the case of several types of particles the dynamics of clusters is more complicated and for specific choices of parameters particle sorting occurs simultaneously with the formation of clusters of aligned particles.
The Empire of Things: Tokugawa Ieyasu's Material Legacy and Cultural Profile

This biographical sketch of Tokugawa Ieyasu aims to construct a cultural profile of the man primarily through a reading of a portrait of him done (after his death) by Kanō Tan'yū, ‘Dream Portrait of the Tōshōgu Deity’. The depiction shows his grounding in classical Chinese texts, his collection of Chinese ceramics and other objects, his large collection of swords, and his enduring interest in falconry. Each of these is investigated as a means to illuminating the social networks of patronage and cultural practices through which he established and maintained the power of his clan. These perspectives reveal Ieyasu as a representative sixteenth-century warrior, a product of the particular social and political conditions of his time, whose eventual apotheosis was an ideal which shaped the educations and aspirations of millions of samurai throughout the ensuing Edo period.
Findings from research on active transportation to school and implications for safe routes to school programs

This literature review identified common factors associated with active transportation to school (ATS). It used a conceptual framework of a child’s commute mode to school to classify 480 variables from forty-two studies that were tested for association with ATS. Four factors most frequently influenced ATS: distance, income, traffic and crime fears, and parental attitudes and schedules. Regular ATS results in more physical activity but research is lacking on other outcomes. Safe Routes to School, a program designed to increase rates and safety of ATS, can use an understanding of these influences and outcomes to more effectively allocate its limited resources.
Tapered Phononic Crystal sawresonator in GaN

This paper presents a new Phononic Crystal (PnC) resonator design in which a tapered PnC is used to confine a 970 MHz SAW resonance in a GaN-on-Si platform. Like other SAW resonator designs, the proposed resonator eliminates the release step common to most MEMS devices, leading to higher yield and simpler design and packaging. However, the use of a tapered PnC reflector in this work (Fig. 1) reduces the footprint of SAW resonators by > 100× relative to conventional metal grating reflectors while maintaining high Q. A 3.5× improvement in Q is experimentally demonstrated relative to resonators with uniform PnC reflectors of comparable dimensions. These devices can be integrated seamlessly with GaN MMIC technology.
Semi-empirical MOCVD modeling using neural networks

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is an important fabrication process used to grow thin epitaxial films on solid substrates. The development of an accurate and efficient model for this technique is therefore quite desirable from a manufacturing standpoint. In this paper, semi-empirical modeling of TiO2 film growth by MOCVD using a hybrid neural network is introduced. This hybrid model combines the best aspects of physical models and purely empirical methods. The model was constructed by characterization of the deposition rate of TiO2 films under various operating conditions. A modified back-propagation neural network was trained on the experimental data to determine the value of three critical unknown parameters of the physical model. Using this approach, comparison with measured data showed that the hybrid model is capable of predicting the TiO2 deposition rate with a high degree of accuracy.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.