cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad

Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push-pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust. Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.
A Statistical Approach to Dimensionality Reduction Reveals Scale and Structure in scRNA-seq Data

Abstract Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments often measure thousands of genes, making them high-dimensional data sets. As a result, dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms such as t-SNE and UMAP are necessary for data visualization. However, the use of DR methods in other tasks, such as for cell-type detection or developmental trajectory reconstruction, is stymied by unquantified non-linear and stochastic deformations in the mapping from the high- to low-dimensional space. In this work, we present a statistical framework for the quantification of embedding quality so that DR algorithms can be used with confidence in unsupervised applications. Specifically, this framework generates a local assessment of embedding quality by statistically integrating information across embeddings. Furthermore, the approach separates biological signal from noise via the construction of an empirical null hypothesis. Using this approach on scRNA-seq data reveals biologically relevant structure and suggests a novel “spectral” decomposition of data. We apply the framework to several data sets and DR methods, illustrating its robustness and flexibility as well as its widespread utility in several quantitative applications.
Interventions to Reduce Fall-Risk-Increasing Drug Use to Prevent Falls: A Narrative Review of Randomized Trials.

Falls and fall-related injuries are of growing concern among older adults. Use of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) is a potentially modifiable risk factor. This narrative review describes randomized controlled trials that focused on interventions to reduce FRID use and examined fall-related outcomes (e.g., falls, fractures, risk of injury) as the primary outcome. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and then performed a full-text review of relevant articles. Each study is summarized, and a discussion of strengths and limitations is provided. 7 of 22 trials were included in this narrative review. Two studies used a computerized decision support intervention, three used a health professional-led (pharmacist or geriatrician) intervention, and two were direct medication withdrawal interventions. Three studies showed a reduction in fall-related outcomes (two identified fall injuries using claims data; one used an injury risk prediction score). Of these, only one reported FRID reduction. Of four studies that did not find a reduction in falls, one study reported a significant reduction in FRIDs, two found no reduction, and one did not report on this outcome. Most interventions consisted of a one-time FRID assessment, and most targeted either providers or patients (not both). Most interventions did not reduce FRID use or change fall-related outcomes. Future studies should test “multi-pronged” intervention strategies that simultaneously target both patients and their providers and include more than a single intervention interaction to reduce this modifiable fall risk factor.
Correction to: Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity and MOND

Equation (19) in the published paper is incorrect. The divergence of a vector field is obviously a scalar field, even when this operator is acting on a D-dimensional space.
Abstract 3154: Host and neoplastic cell Axl inhibition impair prostate and breast cancer bone metastasis

Prostate and breast cancers are the most prevalent and the second leading causes of cancer-deaths for men and women in the United States. Cancer survival rates generally worsen significantly with advanced and disseminated disease with nearly 90% of all cancer deaths resulting from metastasis. For breast and prostate cancers, bone is the most common site of metastasis. A key signaling pathway involved in metastatic dissemination of tumor cells is the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Axl belongs to the Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK (TAM) subfamily, is expressed in a variety of tumor types, including breast and prostate, and is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, and outcome. The goal of the present study was to characterize the role of Axl signaling in prostate and breast cancer cell dissemination to bone. This was accomplished using Axl knockdown neoplastic cells, a selective small molecule Axl inhibitor (BGB324), and osteoclast progenitor cells in vitro, as well as intracardiac injection of Axl knockdown tumor cells in vivo. The results showed that Axl inhibition significantly decreases tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro, and suppression of Axl signaling in osteoclast precursor cells reduces the formation of mature osteoclasts. In vivo, Axl knockdown in prostate and breast cancer cells significantly suppressed the formation of neoplastic bone lesions. Taken together our findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of Axl may impair tumor metastasis to the bones through neoplastic and host cell signaling axes. Citation Format: Mai Tanaka, Dietmar W. Siemann. Host and neoplastic cell Axl inhibition impair prostate and breast cancer bone metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3154.
Divergent receptor utilization is necessary for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections.

The current study investigates underlying receptor-dependent mechanisms contributing to phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following CTB-SAP-induced respiratory motor neuron death at 7 days and ...
The role of parental advocacy in addressing service disparities for transition-aged youth on the autism spectrum.

LAY ABSTRACT It can be difficult for youth on the autism spectrum to get the services they need after they leave high school. Because of this, many studies have examined the different factors that are related to service access. These studies have shown that youth on the autism spectrum who belong to an underrepresented racial or ethnic group or whose families have lower incomes are less likely to receive the services that they need. However, it is difficult or impossible to change things like race/ethnicity or family income. It is important to also identify factors that might improve service access that we can change. One potential factor that fits into this category is parental advocacy activities. Using data collected from 185 parents of youth on the autism spectrum, we found that more parental advocacy activities were related to youth receiving more services, even after accounting for variables related to the functioning of the youth (e.g. whether they have an intellectual disability, their autism symptom severity) and demographic information about the family (e.g. state in which they live, parental race/ethnicity, and family income). Our findings suggest that building parental advocacy skills may be one important way to increase the number of services that youth on the autism spectrum receive as they transition to adulthood.
Analysis of continuous folded plate surface

A general method of analysis of single or continuous span folded plate surfaces, with general end conditions, for any loading condition is developed. Within the limitations of the assumptions, this method yields an "exact" solution of the structural behavior of the folded plate based on a difference technique in which the surface is divided in segments: Compatibility of the surface is assured at the center of each finite segment and at the line of transverse supports. In addition, a computer program for the analysis of simply supported or continuous folded plate surfaces, with or without cantilevered ends, for three load conditions is described. A comparison is made between this general method of analysis and presently accepted techniques for analyzing the simply supported, single-span surface; and the final solution for a continuous folded plate surface is presented.
The Structure of the Mammalian Spermatozoon

Publisher Summary The head of the human spermatozoon consists of the nucleus and a head cap. The postnuclear cap and cytoplasmic sheath often described in the literature are not found in electron micrographs and apparently do not exist. Contrary to common belief, the nucleus extends throughout the length of the head and is definitely not confined to the posterior half. During differentiation of the spermatogenic cells a sequence of changes is observed in the state of aggregation of the nuclear chromatin, that leads to the formation of a homogeneous, dense sperm nucleus in which no ordered fine structure is detectable with the electron microscope. The so-called head vacuoles commonly found in human spermatozoa are cavities in the condensed chromatin of the nucleus. They are variable in size and number, irregular in outline, and lack a limiting membrane. They seem to arise as defects in the condensation of the chromatin and probably have no important functional significance. A distinct apical acrosome is lacking in the human sperm. The nucleus is covered only by a thin head cap and by the continuous membrane that invests the entire cell. The cap is composed of a thin layer of amorphous material enveloped by a continuous membrane. The membrane is the persisting limiting membrane of the acrosomal vesicle that develops in the early spermatid, and the layer of amorphous substance which it contains seems to be derived from the acrosomal granule. The acrosome and head cap in mammalian spermatozoa are components of a single structure that might be better described by the term acrosomal cap.
A Brief Introduction to Movement Disorders

Movement disorders encompass a wide variety of diagnoses and clinical situations. Most patients with movement disorders are managed in the outpatient setting, and usually, time is not of the essence. However, certain conditions present urgently or emergently, and the consequences of missed or delayed diagnosis can be severe. We call these conditions movement disorder emergencies, and their diagnosis and management form the topic of this book.
Bishop, J. Michael (1936–)

First page of article Keywords: Bishop, J. Michael (passion for molecular biology); Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)
The anthropology of climate change : an historical reader

The contemporary field of research and policy on climate change is dominated by a ‘presentist’ bias, which ignores insights from millennia of scholarly attention to the relationship between climate and society. This volume seeks to redress this bias by reprinting studies of the anthropology of climate and climate change from early 20th-century to early 21st-century Anthropology, including some classical works that have influenced anthropological thinking about climate. These studies reflect the unique contribution that Anthropology can make to the field of climate change, through study of (1) historic and prehistoric records of human impact from and response to prior periods of climate perturbation and change, (2) the impact from and response to climate change at the local, community level, (3) the impact on global debates about climate change from North-South post-colonial histories, and (4) the social dimensions of climate change science.Covers the historic and prehistoric records of human impact from and response to prior periods of climate change, including the impact and response to climate change at the local level; Discusses the impact on global debates about climate change from North-South post-colonial histories and the social dimensions of the science of climate change. Includes coverage of topics such as environmental determinism, climatic events as social catalysts, climatic disasters and societal collapse, and ethno-meteorology. Available as an e-text and on CourseSmart. An ideal text for courses in climate change, human/cultural ecology, environmental anthropology and archaeology, disaster studies, environmental sciences, science and technology studies, history of science, and conservation and development studies.
Description Logic Framework for Access Control and Security in Object-Oriented Systems

Integrating the RBAC model in object-oriented systems is a natural way to describe authorization policies. We extend the RBAC model for access control in object-oriented systems in the context of the Access Control List. In this paper, we discuss access control issues categorizing three cases: subject to object, inter-objects, and intra object. It may be desirable in some applications to have a fine-grained access control at the level of the individual attributes or the methods of an object. We also demonstrate how access control decisions are made using $\mathcal{ALCQ}$ language, a family member of description logics.
Systems-3 Leadership

This chapter dispels two leadership myths and introduces the concept of three organizational zones: The Leadership Zone (LZ), The Management Zone (MZ), and the Production Zone (PZ). Often, if these zones remain specialized, information is guarded and organizations function below potential. Since the LZ and the PZ are consistently asking the MZ to balance out these tensions, the MZ, therefore, is often called the “tearing zone.” The Leader-Negotiator's challenge is to maintain a balanced tension between rigid specialization and organizational goals that require team competence. Understanding this three-zone organizational structure and its challenges is necessary for problem-solving, decision-making, taking effective action, building competent teams, and crafting strategy, none of which are optimized within rigid bureaucratic specialization.
Phylloplane Yeasts as Potential Biocontrol Agents for Rice Sheath Blight Disease

Rice is an important cereal crop in the world. More than 50% of the world’s population utilises rice for their main daily intake of carbohydrate. It is an important cash crop in several states in the United States. There are many constraints to rice production in the world with diseases being among the most significant due to the severity of losses and the lack of cost efficient control measures. Yield losses due to diseases range from 10% or more in the United States (Groth et al., 1991; Lee and Rush, 1983) to 20–25% in other countries (Ou, 1985; Rao, 1995; Shahjahan et al., 1986 ). Among the major fungal diseases of rice, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia. solani, is the most destructive necrotrophic disease (Lee and Rush, 1983; Ou, 1985; Rao, 1995; Rush and Lee 1992). The disease is endemic in nature and the pathogen overwinters as sclerotia in soil and in debris from the previous crop. The sclerotia and debris float to the surface of flood water and initiate infections on the lower leaf sheaths starting with the maximum tillering stage of growth. Under the conditions of high temperature and humidity prevailing during the panicle initiation to heading stages, sheath blight develops very rapidly. When the plants are heading, lesions may reach the flag leaf in as few as 10–15 days (Groth et al., 1991; Rush and Lee, 1992; Shahjahan and Mew, 1989). Most modern rice cultivars are susceptible to this disease. Commercial cultivars are susceptible or have low levels of partial resistance (Rush et al., 1995). Farmers presently use fungicides to control this disease in the United States (Groth et al., 1993) and in other countries (Ou, 1985), but this technology increases the cost of production as well as leaving potential pollutants in the environment. Fungicide use also affects the nontarget phylloplane microorganisms that naturally restrain pathogen development (Andrews and Kinnerly, 1978; Fokkema and de Nooij, 1981; Rush et al., 1991; Van Eeckhout et al., 1991). Because of its sustainable nature, scientists all over the world are now concentrating on developing biological methods of disease control.
SUPPRESSION OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN MAN BY AN INHIBITORY ANALOGUE OF L.H.-RELEASING HORMONE

Abstract The ability of an inhibitory analogue of L.H.-releasing hormone (L.H.R.H.) to suppress the release of luteinising hormone (L.H.) and follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.) after administration of a small dose of L.H.R.H. was tested in four men. A single intramuscular injection of 90 mg (D-Phe-2,D-Trp-3,D-Phe-6)-L.H.R.H. diminished the gonadotrophin response to 25 μg of L.H.R.H. given 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours afterwards. Basal levels of L.H. and F.S.H. were not lowered. The results demonstrate that an inhibitory analogue of L.H.R.H. is active in man and suggest the possibility that inhibitors of L.H.R.H. might eventually form the basis of a new method of birth control.
Interdiffusion in microlayered polymer composites of polycarbonate and a copolyester

The interdiffusion of two miscible polymers, polycarbonate (PC) and a copolyester (KODAR), was studied at temperatures from 200 to 230°C. The two polymers were coextruded as microlayer composites with up to 3713 alternating layers. The microlayer structure provided a large area of intimate contact between the two polymers with minimal mixing. Initially, two glass transition temperatures were observed by DSC that were intermediate between the glass transition temperatures of the pure components. Upon annealing, the glass transition temperatures shifted closer together, reflecting the extent to which inter-diffusion had occurred. After no more than 2 h of annealing, a single glass transition temperature was observed. A model was formulated based on Fick's law of diffusion that related the mutual diffusion coefficient, D, to the change in the glass transition temperatures. The model also incorporated an “equivalent” residence time to account for diffusion that occurred during the coextrusion process. It was not necessary to consider the concentration dependence of D to satisfactorily describe the data with this model. For the temperature range from 200 to 230°C, the value of D varied from 4.0 × 10−16 to 1.6 × 10−15 m2/s. The activation energy of interdiffusion was determined to be 95 kJ/mol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prebiotic carbon in clays from Orgueil and Ivuna (CI), and Tagish Lake (C2 ungrouped) meteorites

Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopic (EELS) study of the Ivuna and Orgueil (CI), and Tagish Lake (C2 ungrouped) carbonaceous chondrite meteorites shows two types of C-clay assemblages. The first is coarser-grained (to 1 ?m) clay flakes that show an intense O K edge from the silicate together with a prominent C K edge, but without discrete C particles. Nitrogen is common in some clay flakes. Individual Orgueil and Tagish Lake meteorite clay flakes contain up to 6 and 8 at% C, respectively. The C K-edge spectra from the clays show fine structure revealing aromatic, aliphatic, carboxylic, and carbonate C. The EELS data shows that this C is intercalated with the clay flakes. The second C-clay association occurs as poorly crystalline to amorphous material occurring as nanometer aggregates of C, clay, and Fe-O-rich material. Some aggregates are dominated by carbonaceous particles that are structurally and chemically similar to the acid insoluble organic matter. The C K-edge shape from this C resembles that of amorphous C, but lacking the distinct peaks corresponding to aliphatic, carboxylic, and carbonate C groups. Nanodiamonds are locally abundant in some carbonaceous particles. The abundance of C in the clays suggest that molecular speciation in the carbonaceous chondrites is partly determined by the effects of aqueous processing on the meteorite parent bodies, and that clays played an important role. This intricate C-clay association lends credence to the proposal that minerals were important in the prebiotic chemical evolution of the early solar system.
Techniques for region coding in object-based image compression

Object-based compression (OBC) is an emerging technology that combines region segmentation and coding to produce a compact representation of a digital image or video sequence. Previous research has focused on a variety of segmentation and representation techniques for regions that comprise an image. The author has previously suggested [1] partitioning of the OBC problem into three steps: (1) region segmentation, (2) region boundary extraction and compression, and (3) region contents compression. A companion paper [2] surveys implementationally feasible techniques for boundary compression. In this paper, we analyze several strategies for region contents compression, including lossless compression, lossy VPIC, EPIC, and EBLAST compression, wavelet-based coding (e.g., JPEG-2000), as well as texture matching approaches. This paper is part of a larger study that seeks to develop highly efficient compression algorithms for still and video imagery, which would eventually support automated object recognition (AOR) and semantic lookup of images in large databases or high-volume OBC-format datastreams. Example applications include querying journalistic archives, scientific or medical imaging, surveillance image processing and target tracking, as well as compression of video for transmission over the Internet. Analysis emphasizes time and space complexity, as well as sources of reconstruction error in decompressed imagery.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pavlov's position toward Konorski and Miller's distinction between Pavlovian and motor conditioning paradigms.

Two Warsaw medical students, Jerzy Konorski and Stefan Miller, having read I. P. Pavlov’s works on conditional reflexes, informed him in a 1928 letter that they had discovered a new type of conditioning. A previously neutral stimulus preceded the passive lifting of a dog’s paw which then was followed by feeding; this stimulus then evoked the spontaneous raising of that paw. Pavlov responded informing them that their conditioning of motor responses expanded his theory of higher nervous activity, but that their conditioning paradigm—that they named CRII—did not differ fundamentally from the Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. The replication of the Warsaw experiment in Pavlov’s laboratory failed to provide unequivocal results. From 1931 to 1933, Konorski, working in Pavlov’s Leningrad laboratory, further explored the parameters of CRII. Pavlov insisted that the conditioning of motor movements differs from the conditioning of other sensory analyzers only in that, on the neural level, the motor analyzer is both afferent, that is, perceptive, and efferent, that is, responsive. Konorski was not convinced, and he subsequently maintained that the two conditioning paradigms were fundamentally different.
High Prevalence of Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults Despite Normal Serum Creatinine

BACKGROUND Serum creatinine is commonly used to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD), but may underestimate CKD in older adults when compared with using glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). The magnitude of this underestimation is not clearly defined.
A calcium-activated protease from Alzheimer's disease brain cleaves at the N-terminus of the amyloid β-protein

Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and to a far lesser extent, normal aged brains exhibit abnormal extracellular deposits of amyloid. The major component of brain amyloid is the beta-protein, a 4Kd fragment of the larger beta-protein precursor. The finding of the abnormally processed beta-protein and a protease inhibitor (alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) in the amyloid deposits prompted us to search for proteases which may generate the beta-protein from its precursor. We now report on the presence and partial purification of one such proteolytic activity from Alzheimer's brain. Normal physiologic C-terminal cleavage of the secreted form of the beta-protein precursor occurs in the middle of the beta-protein suggesting that the beta-protein accumulates due to an alternative degradation pathway. We propose here that the protease activity we describe participates in this abnormal pathway.
U Wave: Facts, Hypotheses, Misconceptions, and Misnomers

The clinical significance of U wave is limited to the occasional obfuscation of the end of T wave and an inadequately explained U wave inversion associated with myocardial ischemia, infarction, and ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Lengthening of QT interval often interferes with the recognition of U wave. The characteristics of U wave are not compatible with the Purkinje or ventricular muscle repolarization hypotheses. The timing of the U wave during ventricular relaxation and the links between U wave and mechanical events favor the mechanoelectrical hypothesis of U wave genesis. Unfortunately, little research has been done to test this hypothesis.
Dispersive Estimates for the Schrödinger Equation for Potentials in Odd Dimensions

We investigate L 1 → L ∞ dispersive estimates for the Schrodinger equation in odd dimensions greater than three. We obtain dispersive estimates under the optimal smoothness condition for the potential, , in dimensions five and seven. We also describe a method to extend this result to arbitrary odd dimensions.
Local electron states and surface geometry of Si(111)-√3 √3 Ag

Scanning tunneling microscopy and current-imaging spectroscopy are used to determine the local structural arrangement and stoichiometry of \ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 Ag on Si(111). The nature of the local electronic structure and the spatial character of the wave functions observed on an atomic scale lead to a structure consisting of Ag trimers embedded in a Si honeycomb formed by threefold-coordinated Si atoms.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURATION OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY TO MACROMOLECULES IN NEWBORN ANIMALS

Summary 1. In several species, partial, or even complete passive immunization of the offspring is achieved through maternal antibodies which are concentrated in the colostrum. Failure to obtain sufficient colostrum renders newborn farm animals highly susceptible to systemic and enteric infection with E. coli. 2. A significant number of colostrum-fed calves nevertheless develop colisepticaemia and many of these animals are hypo- or even agammaglobulinaemic. A premature termination of intestinal ability to absorb colostral antibodies (closure) may be responsible for some of these cases. 3. Pharmacological doses of certain exogenous corticosteroids are capable of inducing premature closure in rats. It is not certain though whether exogenous corticosterone can induce precocious closure in rat pups or whether exogenous corticosteroids can induce closure in members of other mammalian orders. Corticosteroid levels, however, may influence the efficiency of immunoglobulin absorption. Attempts to delay closure with adrenal suppression in animals with short immunoabsorptive periods have not been effective. 4. In piglets, but not in puppies or calves, starvation can postpone closure for several hours and consumption of food may be necessary before closure can occur. 5. Closure in the rat and pig apparently takes place by different methods.
Binary collision model in gyrokinetic simulation plasmas

Abstract A binary collision model for plasma particle simulation is re-examined with emphasis on the application to gyrokinetic plasma description and efficient implementation on presentday vector computers. The model conserves the number of particles, the total momentum and the total energy quasi-locally. Two efficient implementation schemes are presented. The results of measurement on various relaxation rates in velocity space are shown to agree well with test particle theory. Classical cross-field transport of particles and heat in an inhomogeneous plasma is examined using this model, and the results indicate that good agreement between continuous solution of particle and heat transport and particle simulation can be achieved.
Normal-dominated singularities in static space-times

We define “normal-dominated” singularities of static solutions of the Einstein equations and show that a uniquely and invariantly defined structure can be assigned to these singularities. We find for the general solution that the dominant term of the Riemann tensor near the singularity is of Petrov Type N. Except for one special class of solutions, it seems that in general the shear of the null geodesics blows up at the same rate as their convergence near the singularity, in contradistinction to the “elementary singularity” of Newman and Posadas. We compute the structure for a variety of known static solutions as well as the stationary Kerr-Newman metrics.
On the nature of NiAr

Abstract NiAr+ ions generated in a supersonic expansion of Ni+ with a 1% Ar/He carrier gas are injected into a tandem mass spectrometer and photodissociated with visible tunable laser radiation. A photofragmentation feature observed at 17984 cm− is believed to correspond to the dissociation threshold of NiAr+ to excited state (2F 7 2) Ni + and ground state Ar. This assignment yields a prediction of 0.55 eV for the binding energy (D00) of NiAr+. The 58NiAr+/60NiAr+ isotope shift of this spectral feature indicates the vibrational frequency in the ground state of NiAr+ to be 235± 50 cm−. Thus NiAr+ is a surprisingly “stiff” and strongly bound diatomic, discussed in light of a simple electrostatic (charge-induced-dipole) model of the internuclear forces in this class of molecules.
Factors that influence the decisions of men and women nurses to leave nursing.

PROBLEM. The health and long-term care systems in the United States rely heavily on the services of registered nurses, but concerns exist about the adequacy of the current and projected supply of registered nurses to meet the nation's needs. One way to increase the nursing supply is to increase the retention rates of nurses, especially men nurses who are much more likely to leave nursing than are women. The study hypothesizes that the different retention rates of men and women can be explained in part by their different gender roles and careers goals. METHODS. A secondary analysis was conducted of the registered nurses who left nursing for other occupations in the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses, 2000. FINDINGS. Three reasons for leaving nursing were cited most often by the male and female nurses who left nursing: better salaries available in current type of position, hours more convenient in other position, and find current position more rewarding professionally. Results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis show that men were 2.5 times more likely than women to cite better salaries as a reason for leaving the nursing profession, but no more likely to cite more convenient hours or to state that the non-nursing position was more professionally more rewarding. CONCLUSIONS. Thus, the men differed from the women in their attitudes toward the financial aspects of nursing but not the professional aspects. Suggestions are provided to redress the dissatisfactions of men nurses.
Buried organic horizons represent amino acid reservoirs in boreal forest soils

Abstract We examined the composition and concentration of amino acids by soil horizon and depth on the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska. Soils from mid-successional stages of balsam poplar and white spruce were separated into successive forest floor (Oe/Oa), buried organic horizons (BOHs), and mineral horizons; and water-extractable amino acid composition and concentration were determined by HPLC. The number, depth, and thickness of BOHs were highly variable across the landscape and among replicates of the same stand type, reflecting differences in terrace age, flood frequency, flood intensity, river channel position, vegetation inputs, and decomposition. BOHs generally had lower pH and bulk density, higher moisture content, and greater concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and roots than the surrounding mineral horizons. In each horizon of both successional stages, the soil amino acid pool was dominated by glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and histidine, which together accounted for approximately 80% of the total amino acids found. Despite the similar overall amino acid composition among the horizons, proportions of glutamine generally increased with depth and were generally greater in the mineral horizons than in the BOHs, suggesting root exudation or fine root turnover as an amino acid source. In both successional stages, amino acid concentrations were nearly always highest in the Oe/Oa horizon and rapidly decreased with depth. BOHs generally had greater amino acid concentrations than the surrounding mineral horizons in both successional stages, but amino acid concentrations in successive BOHs declined with depth in the soil profile, suggesting that although BOHs do remain as biological hot spots and potential nutrient reservoirs as far down as 60 cm depth, their importance declines over time.
Neural processing of emotional overinvolvement in borderline personality disorder.

Objective Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) fare better clinically if their families are rated as being high in emotional overinvolvement, which is characterized by marked emotionality, anxious concern, and protective behavior. This is not true of patients with disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to explore the link between emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and better clinical outcome in BPD. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that, unlike healthy controls or people with other psychiatric problems, people with BPD process EOI as an approach-related stimulus. Method Participants with BPD (n = 13) and dysthymia (n = 10) (DSM-IV criteria for both) and healthy controls (n = 11) were imaged using a high field strength (3T) scanner while they listened to a standardized auditory stimulus consisting of either 4 neutral or 4 EOI comments. Participants also rated their mood before and after exposure to the comments. Results All participants reported increased negative mood after hearing EOI and rated the EOI comments as negative stimuli. However, after subtracting activation to neutral comments, participants with BPD showed higher activation in left prefrontal regions during EOI compared to the other groups. Increased left prefrontal activation during EOI was also correlated with clinical measures indicative of borderline pathology. Participants with dysthymia showed increased amygdala activation during EOI. This was not true for the healthy controls or participants with BPD. Conclusions For people with BPD, EOI may be activating neural circuitry implicated in the processing of approach-related stimuli. Increased left prefrontal activation to EOI may be a vulnerability marker for BPD. These findings may also help explain why BPD patients do better clinically in high EOI family environments.
Protein crystal growth—Microgravity aspects

Protein crystals, grown under reduced gravity conditions, are either superior or inferior in their structural perfection than their Earth-grown counterparts. A reduction of the crystals' quality due to low-gravity effects on the growth processes cannot be understood from existing models. In this paper we put forth a rationale which predicts either advantages or disadvantages of microgravity growth. This rationale is based on the changes in the effective solute and impurity supply rates in microgravity and their effects on the intrinsic growth rate fluctuations that arise from the coupling of bulk transport to nonlinear interfacial kinetics and cause severe inhomogeneities. Depending on the specific diffusivity and kinetic coefficient of a protein and the impurities in the solution, either transport enhancement through forced flow or transport suppression under reduced gravity can result in a reduction of the kinetic fluctuations and, thus, growth with higher structural perfection. Investigating this mechanism of microgravity effects, we first demonstrate a one-to-one correspondence between these fluctuations, that are due to the bunching of growth steps, and the formation of defects in the crystals. We have confirmed the forced flow aspects of this rationale in ground-based experiments with lysozyme utilizing flowing solutions with varying, well characterized impurity contents.
Bruhat-Chevalley order on \mathcal{J}-classes of reductive monoids

In this paper we give an alternate description of the Bruhat-Chevalley order on \(\mathcal{J}\) -classes of the Renner monoid using Bruhat intersections. This description eliminates the Zariski closure that appears in the usual definition.
Retraining the injured spinal cord

The present review presents a series of concepts that may be useful in developing rehabilitative strategies to enhance recovery of posture and locomotion following spinal cord injury. First, the loss of supraspinal input results in a marked change in the functional efficacy of the remaining synapses and neurons of intraspinal and peripheral afferent (dorsal root ganglion) origin. Second, following a complete transection the lumbrosacral spinal cord can recover greater levels of motor performance if it has been exposed to the afferent and intraspinal activation patterns that are associated with standing and stepping. Third, the spinal cord can more readily reacquire the ability to stand and step following spinal cord transection with repetitive exposure to standing and stepping. Fourth, robotic assistive devices can be used to guide the kinematics of the limbs and thus expose the spinal cord to the new normal activity patterns associated with a particular motor task following spinal cord injury. In addition, such robotic assistive devices can provide immediate quantification of the limb kinematics. Fifth, the behavioural and physiological effects of spinal cord transection are reflected in adaptations in most, if not all, neurotransmitter systems in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Evidence is presented that both the GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory systems are up-regulated following complete spinal cord transection and that step training results in some aspects of these transmitter systems being down-regulated towards control levels. These concepts and observations demonstrate that (a) the spinal cord can interpret complex afferent information and generate the appropriate motor task; and (b) motor ability can be defined to a large degree by training.
Postoperative prognostic indicators following trabeculectomy.

. We evaluated prognostic indicators for longterm filtration from the ocular examination within the first three months following primary trabeculectomy without antimetabolite therapy. We found that in patients who were more easily controlled at one year postoperatively (intraocular pressure ≥ 16 mmHg and using 0–2 medications), compared to those who were more difficult to control (≥ 16 mmHg or on three medications), the intraocular pressure became significantly different between groups at three months and the number of glaucoma medications at eight weeks postoperatively. More easily controlled patients had greater bleb elevation by one month and extent of bleb formation at two weeks postoperatively. The presence of microcysts, anterior chamber depth, and avascularity did not differ between the two groups. This study suggests that differences in the ocular examination exist within the first three months following trabeculectomy which reflect the postoperative intraocular pressure control at one year.
Perceived Security Threat and the Global Refugee Crisis

The refugee dilemma has moved to the center of world concern, and it occupies an important spot on national security agendas to augment its position on the global humanitarian agenda. This article ...
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix in a Pregnant Patient Diagnosed with Liquid Based Cytology and Cell Block Immunocytochemistry

Definitive cytomorphologic diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is possible but can be challenging in routine cervicovaginal cancer screening specimens. Several small series of reported cases of cervical small cell carcinoma have shown this uncommon malignancy to represent fewer than 2% of all invasive cervical cancers. This tumor type is associated with poor prognosis and rapid disease progression and can develop to an advanced stage in the interval between screening visits. Only rare case reports of small cell carcinoma arising in gravid cervices are known. In the current case a 29-year-old, gravida 6, para 2, pregnant (10-week gestation) female presented with postcoital bleeding. A definitive diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the cervix was made possible by liquid based Pap testing with ancillary cell block preparation allowing for immunocytochemical characterization of the lesional cell population.
Thermal and electronic charge transport in bulk nanostructured Zr0.25Hf0.75NiSn composites with full-Heusler inclusions

Abstract Bulk Zr0.25Hf075NiSn half-Heusler (HH) nanocomposites containing various mole fractions of full-Heusler (FH) inclusions were prepared by solid state reaction of pre-synthesized HH alloy with elemental Ni at 1073 K. The microstructures of spark plasma sintered specimens of the HH/FH nanocomposites were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and their thermoelectric properties were measured from 300 K to 775 K. The formation of coherent FH inclusions into the HH matrix arises from solid-state Ni diffusion into vacant sites of the HH structure. HH(1–y)/FH(y) composites with mole fraction of FH inclusions below the percolation threshold, y∼0.2, show increased electrical conductivity, reduced Seebeck coefficient and increased total thermal conductivity arising from gradual increase in the carrier concentration for composites. A drastic reduction (∼55%) in κl was observed for the composite with y=0.6 and is attributed to enhanced phonon scattering due to mass fluctuations between FH and HH, and high density of HH/FH interfaces.
Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness and Tractions for Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Emulsions, consisting of a small volume of oil dispersed in water in the form of small particles, are popular lubricants for metal rolling and some machine design applications. A number of mechanisms have been suggested for the lubricating behavior of emulsions, among which plate-out, starvation, and dynamic concentration are of particular interest here. At low speeds, the emulsion provides essentially the same lubricating ability as neat oil for a point contact, consistent with plate-out. At some critical speed, the emulsion behavior departs from the neat oil, associated with starvation of the inlet zone. At a second critical speed, dynamic concentration becomes the important mechanism. This article measures the film thickness and traction coefficients of oil-in-water emulsions in the different regimes of behavior and compares the results to existing theoretical understanding. The effect of droplet size is isolated as a causative element in fluid film formation.
Studies on the effect of experimental nonketotic diabetes mellitus on antibacterial defense. I. Demonstration of a defect in phagocytosis.

Chronically diabetic nonketotic rats were shown to be more susceptible to experimental Type 25 pneumococcal pneumonia than nondiabetic rats. The cumulative mortality in the diabetic group was significantly higher at infecting doses of 103, 104, 105, and 106 organisms, and the LD50 was less than one twentieth of that for the nondiabetic group. More than ten times as many viable pneumococci were found in the pneumonic lesions of the diabetic animals at 24 and 36 hr as were present in the lesions of the nondiabetic controls, and serial histologic studies revealed that phagocytosis was strikingly depressed in the alveolar exudates of the diabetic animals. The diabetic state was also found to cause a similar depression of in vivo phagocytosis in preformed peritoneal exudates. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that the principal defect in the diabetic animals resided in their serum rather than in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The depressive factor in the serum was identified as the abnormally high concentration of glucose. Since equivalent molar concentrations of unmetabolized sugars added to normal serum caused a similar depression of phagocytosis, it was tentatively concluded that the action of the glucose on the leukocytes was primarily osmotic. The sensitivity of the granulocytes to the glucose effect, however, depended upon the conditions of the phagocytic test. Only when the pneumococci were encapsulated and the leukocytes derived from inflammatory exudates were crowded together, as in vivo, was the depressive action of the glucose clearly demonstrable.
Performance on three cognitive tasks by patients with dementia, depression or Korsakov's syndrome

Perception, attention and recall were measured in geriatric subjects and patients suffering from dementia, Korsakov’s psychosis or depression. Dementia patients were unable to perceive, attend and rec
A thermohydrodynamic solution of thrust bearings operating under non-axisymmetric conditions

Abstract A numerical solution is developed for the equations governing the laminar hydrodynamic flow in a sector-shaped thrust bearing with its axis parallel to but offset from the rotational axis. The lubricant viscosity is assumed to be a function of the temperature distribution in the fluid film. The rotating plate is assumed to be an isothermal component and the heat conduction equation in the stationary component is solved simultaneously with the governing equations of the fluid film. Thermal effects are shown to be pronounced especially at large values of offset from the rotational axis.
Patient and family education in the emergency department: how nurses can help.

Abstract Non-emergent use of the emergency department has grown over the past decade. Lack of resources, access to care, medical insurance, and knowledge can all contribute to the inappropriate use of the emergency department. In return, the increase in the number of patients will then add to the wait time for those who need emergent treatment. The role of the emergency nurse can be enhanced by providing discharge teaching to patients and families about the proper use of the emergency department or where to seek treatment if needed. This education has the potential to significantly reduce the number of repeat visits, as well as misuse of the emergency department. The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of discharge teaching for the patient and family in the ED setting.