cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
259 DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN ALGORITHM FOR RELIABLE CLINICAL IDENTIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Despite widespread epidemiological attention to surveillance for adverse drug reactions (ADR's), the results of surveys remain difficult to interpret because identification of ADR's has been a non-reproducible act of unspecified, subjective judgment.
Proteinuria, the podocyte, and insulin resistance.

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic progressive disease that affects 20 to 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials have shown that strict control of hyperglycemia and hypertension can slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy and that insulin resistance correlates with the onset and severity of albuminuria. This correlation has also been found in normotensive persons who do not have diabetes, suggesting that insulin resistance per se may cause albuminuria. On the basis of these observations, Welsh and colleagues1 recently investigated the role of insulin signaling in the kidney and report that podocyte-specific deficiency of insulin receptors leads to a . . .
Synthesis and characterization of tris(heteroleptic) diimine complexes of chromium(III)

Abstract A preparative procedure of potentially wide applicability is described for the synthesis of previously unreported tris(heteroleptic) [Cr(diimine) 3 ] 3+ complexes. The synthetic scheme involves the sequential addition of three different diimine ligands, and employs CrCl 3 · 6H 2 O as the initial Cr(III) reagent. The synthesis and characterization of the complexes [Cr(TMP)(phen)(diimine′)] 3+ are reported (where TMP = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; and diimine′ is either bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, Me 2 bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 5-Clphen = 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, or DPPZ = dipyridophenazine). Chiral capillary electrophoresis and electrospray mass spectrometry were essential aids in determining the presence or absence of diimine ligand scrambling. Utilizing emission and electrochemical data obtained on these compounds, the oxidizing power of the lowest lying excited state ( 2 E g (O h )) was calculated, and was found to vary in a systematic fashion with diimine ligand type.
PERFEX: An expert system for interpreting 3D myocardial perfusion

Abstract Interpreting three-dimensional (3D) data is generally recognized as an ill-defined and information-intensive task. The task becomes increasingly difficult in the context of medical diagnostic imagery, wherein the visual information must be interpreted in conjunction with other, nonvisual information. A novel approach is presented to perform the interpretation of such multidimensional information, concentrating on a medically important application: the interpretation of 3D tomograms of myocardial perfusion distribution. The overall goal is to assist in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The approach employs knowledge-based methods to process and map the 3D visual information into symbolic representations, which are subsequently used to infer structure (anatomy) from function (physiology), as well as to interpret the temporal effects of perfusion redistribution, and assess the extent and severity of cardiovascular disease both quantitatively. The knowledge-based system presents the resulting diagnostic recommendations in both visual and textual forms in an interactive framework, thereby enhancing overall utility. This paper presents the methodology underlying this approach, including the implementation and testing of this system within an actual clinical environment.
Genetic and environmental influences on person-situation interactions

Abstract Genetic and environmental influences on person-situation and person-mode of response interactions for anxiety and for dominance were investigated in an adult twin sample. For anxiety, evidence of significant genetic variance was found for the person-situation interaction and the person-mode of response interaction. For dominance, evidence of shared sibling-environmental influences was found for the person-situation interaction. Sex differences in the patterns of findings were also examined. The data indicate that the factors influencing personsituation interactions vary depending on the specific trait studied, and the results provide empirical support for the “interactionist” hypothesis that an individual's behavior can be characterized by meaningful patterns of behavior across situations. In addition, the study illustrates that behavior-genetic research can be designed to address important theoretical questions about the nature of personality.
Evaluating Blackwell's Collection Manageras a Replacement for Approval Books

Abstract In the spring of 2000, Owen Science and Engineering Library, Washington State University, undertook an evaluation of Blackwell's Collection Managerto replace all or part of their book approval program. The goal was to reduce the approval rate-of-return without adversely impacting collection development. Evaluation techniques were tailored to each librarian to accommodate a broad range of viewpoints. After a year and a half of evaluation the librarians chose to drop approval books and use Collection ManagerandeNotesto select and order monographs.
3-D model of vascular network in rat skin obtained by stereo vision techniques.

SUMMARY The quantitative analysis of the depth of injury, penetration of therapeutic agents in tissues, and the regeneration of vascular patency after a graded degree of thermal injury requires a knowledge of the shape and spatial configuration of the vascular networks in the tissue. We have applied computational stereo vision techniques to describe the 3-D configuration of microvessels in full thickness rat skin vascular casts produced by perfusion of Yellow Microfil latex solution through the aorta. The principal concern is to describe the 3-D structure of vascular networks using a set of 3-D space curves. This representation is computed by integrating monocular and binocular processing; the 2-D curve representation of blood vessels computed through monocular analysis is integrated with disparity data to yield a space curve representation for each vessel. A connection diagram is also computed to indicate the connections existing among the computed space curve representations.
A weighted hypergeometric statistic for the enrichment of gene sets

Microarray data can be analyzed by observing the activity of groups of genes; this approach can provide more relevant information than the analysis of individual gene expression. There are numerous statistical methods available for the enrichment of gene sets; however, these methods often fail to identify relevant gene sets due to the noisy nature of the data. We present weighted hypergeometric and weighted chi-squared methods that rank each gene's contribution to enrichment by the absolute value of the logarithm of its fold change. We demonstrate that these methods can produce more biologically relevant results than the standard hypergeometric test, despite being more conservative and enriching fewer pathways with significant p-values.
Chlorination of organoboranes: synthesis of (z)-vinyl chlorides

Chloration d'(alcene-1yl dihydroxy) boranes et obtention stereoselective de cis-chloro-1 alcenes
An Energy Metering Communication Model Based on IEC 61850

Energy metering is an important part of the power system. As the most integrated communication standards of power system, IEC61850 has not completely cover the metering information yet. Based on the analysis of metering system in substation, this paper establishes a complete energy metering communication model with extended three logical nodes and new five logical nodes in accordance with the principle of IEC61850 data model extensions. An appropriate IEC61850 service model is also described. Especially the use of documents for freeze data communication transmission, chunks of frozen data index and upload issues is solved excellently.
Back to Camelot: defining the specific role of tRNA in protein synthesis.

I thank Seymour Benzer for accepting me as a post-doctoral research fellow in his laboratory and for the inspiring mentorship that he provided. I also thank my Purdue colleagues (Sewell Champe, Bill Ray and Irwin Tessman) and my Wisconsin colleagues (Brian Kay, Bill McClain and Millard Susman) for their friendship and for many helpful comments.
Stability of aspirin in liquid and semisolid bases. I. Substituted and nonsubstituted polyethylene glycols.

The stability of aspirin in methoxypolyetbylene glycol, polyethylene glycol acetate, or a mixture of polyethylene glycols was studied at three temperatures. Degradation proceeded to the highest extent in a mixture of polyethylene glycols and to a lesser extent in methoxypolyethylene glycol. Degradation in polyethylene glycol acetate for 30 days at 45° was insignificant. The data confirm that decomposition of aspirin in polyethylene glycol is due primarily to a transesterification reaction.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Therapeutic Community Treatment for Female Inmates: Outcomes at 6 and 12 Months After Prison Release

This random assignment study compared female offenders (n = 468) with substance use disorders in a prison therapeutic community program with those in a cognitive-behavioral intervention. The study demonstrates that all women benefitted from gender-sensitive prison treatment, but the therapeutic community was more effective in reducing drug use, criminal activity, and exposure to trauma and increasing mental health functioning and time until reincarceration during the year after prison. In addition, the ability to sustain and even improve behavior change after the women leave prison highlights the importance of providing accessible community-based continuity of mental health and substance abuse services during reentry.
Analysis of a linear peristaltic infusion device for the transfusion of red cells to pediatric patients.

A linear peristaltic infusion device was evaluated for red cell (RBC) transfusion in the pediatric and neonatal setting. CPDA-1 RBC units (n = 24) divided into six groups of 4 units each underwent simulated transfusion. Blood was infused by using manufacturer-provided administration sets with either a 21-gauge needle or a 24-gauge catheter. Filters were used in two groups to evaluate the effect of negative pressure on filter function. Two groups of RBCs less than 1 week old were washed, irradiated, and infused at 5 mL per hour, by using a standard administration set, or at 10 mL per hour, by using a syringe set. Four-week-old RBCs (washed and irradiated, irradiated and filtered, filtered only, or unmanipulated) were infused at 100 mL per hour. Paired samples from 0 and 2 hours before and after infusion were analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, plasma hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Hausser and Nageotte hemocytometers were used to perform white cell (WBC) counts when a filter was used. By analysis of variance and percentage of change, data from 0 and 2 hours before and after infusion were compared. No clinically or statistically significant differences were seen for hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBC count. The difference in preinfusion and postinfusion plasma hemoglobin levels in washed RBCs at 2 hours was statistically but not clinically significant (14.5 ± 6.8 vs. 19.3 ± 7.1 mg/dL). No clinically significant differences were noted for the remaining analytes. In filtered RBCs at 2 hours, the WBC removal was 3.08 ± 0.28 log10 which resulted in fewer than 2 times 106 WBCs per unit. The linear peristaltic infusion device is suitable for use in a pediatric setting.
L FLUORESCENCE YIELDS IN HEAVY ELEMENTS

L x-ray fluorescence yields for the Ra, Th, U, Pu, and Cm daughters of even-even alpha emitters were measured by three methods. Internal conversion of E2 gammas from the decay of these nuclides produces approximately equal numbers of L/sub II/ and L/sub III/ vacancies and practically no L/sub I/ vacancies; the yields reported here are, therefore, averages of the L/sub II/ and L/sub III/ shell yields. The results are: Ra, 0.480 plus or minus 0.012; Th, 0.488 plus or minus 0.008; U, 0.478 plus or minus 0.009; Pu, 0.549 plus or minus 0.009; and Cm, 0.531 plus or minus 0.010. (auth)
Treatment of peritonitis with continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage using cephalothin.

Summary Twenty consecutive patients critically ill with diffuse and localized bacterial peritonitis were treated with continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage with saline and cephalothin. Usually 3 L of saline containing 12 gm of cephalothin were administered intraperitoneally every twenty-four hours. Careful monitoring of intake and output, central venous pressure, blood gas, and electrolyte levels and serum albumin determinations are of the utmost importance. Important additional adjuncts were prophylactic anticoagulation therapy with heparin and intravenous hyperalimentation. Convalescence is characterized by rapid return of vital signs to normal as well as early return of functional intestinal activity. There was a 25 per cent rate of wound infection and a 15 per cent incidence of intra-abdominal abscess (proved) after lavage. The over-all mortality was 10 per cent. Although pre- and postoperative systemic antibiotic administration is vitally important in the management of bacterial peritonitis, the addition of intra- and postoperative saline lavage with cephalothin appears to reduce morbidity and mortality significantly.
Intramolecular π‐Stacking in Isostructural Conformational Probes Depends Strongly on Charge Separation, a Proton NMR Study

Our solution state conformational methods used previously to study a dicationic molecular template for intramolecular aromatic association were applied to a neutral hydrocarbon analogue to probe the effect of charge on conformation. Conformational analysis of the hydrocarbon revealed modest solvent dependence in largely unfolded molecules. Conformations found in the solid state were unfolded also corroborating the findings of the solution-state study. This study also adds solid-state evidence for three competing solution-state conformers previously predicted by calculations. In the absence of charge, the molecular template does not favor intramolecular association of aromatic substituents. These results agree with the chemical literature and previous reports of neutral hydrocarbon intramolecular association in the solution state.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reissert compound studies. XXXIX. A novel approach to the berbine and 6-azaberbine systems and related derivatives of ellipticine

A new synthetic method for the construction of the berbine, 6-azaberbine, and indoloberbine ring skeletons is reported. Treatment of heterocyclic bases such as isoquinolines, phthalazines, and ellipticine with 2-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide gave the corresponding Reissert compounds. Treatment of these Reissert compounds with sodium hydride resulted in intramolecular cyclization with loss of hydrogen cyanide.
POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA GLUCOSE CONTROL

ABSTRACT Purpose To review selected studies that have addressed the relationship between postprandial plasma glucose levels and diabetes control and cardiovascular outcomes. Findings Most investigators now accept that an increased postprandial plasma glucose level is one of the earliest abnormalities of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. Indeed, impaired glucose tolerance, a metabolic state that is often a precursor to diabetes, is characterized by a high 2-hour plasma glucose level in response to a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Interestingly, patients with impaired glucose tolerance in whom glycated hemoglobin is generally normal have an increased risk for macrovascular diseases. In fact, epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that postchallenge glucose intolerance may be a specific marker related to the increased risk of macrovascular disease. Conclusion These epidemiologic observations do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship but seem to be a consistent observation. Prospective long-term studies are needed to demonstrate that lowering postprandial plasma glucose levels results in improved clinical outcomes.
A Hitchhiker's guide to superstring jump gates and other worlds

The general assumptions about the physical spacetime in superstring models are reviewed and reexamined. In particular, it is noted that the original Ansatz has undergone a number of generalizations in the past decade, and here we seek to establish some general facts about the admissible spacetimes in superstring theory. As a byproduct, we find that the generic spacetime offers an amusing and cosmologically novel type of candidate solutions.
Internal Conversion Coefficients for Pure E2 and Mixed E2+M1 Transitions

$K$-shell internal conversion coefficients have been measured for a number of pure $E2$ and mixed $E2+M1$ transitions resulting from the decay of low-lying rotational states. These states were produced either by Coulomb excitation or by radioactive decay. The experimental values for ${{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}}^{K}$ are appreciably larger than the calculated values of Sliv and co-workers.
Deciding what to save

Archival appraisal is the process of determining which manuscripts and archives acquired by a repository are worthy of long‐term preservation. The abundance of modern records prevents saving everything, so archivists must make difficult choices. Records have value as evidence of organizations’ functions and activities, or for their informational content. Appraisal criteria include analysis of functions, context, content, future uses, and cost‐benefit of retention. Decisions to discard manuscripts are irreversible, so choices must be carefully weighed. Reappraisal and deaccessioning may also be applied to legacy holdings. The challenging task of appraisal also contributes to the preservation of institutional evidence, cultural heritage, and social memory.
Soviet Gas Pipeline Development During The Seven‐Year Plan *

(1967). Soviet Gas Pipeline Development During The Seven-Year Plan. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 189-192.
Effect of processing conditions on physical properties of a milk fat model system: Rheology

The effect of processing conditions on rheological behavior of three blends of 30, 40, and 50% of high-melting fraction [melting point measured as Mettler dropping point (MDP)=47.5°C] in low-melting fraction (MDP=16.5°C) of milk fat was studied. The effects of cooling and agitation rates, crystallization temperature, chemical composition of the blends, and time of storage on complex, storage and loss moduli were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compression tests were performed on samples using frequency values within the linear viscoelastic range (1 to 10 Hz). Loss modulus was, on average, 10 times lower than elastic modulus and was generally not affected by processing conditions. Samples showed a more solid-like behavior that was better described by storage modulus. Storage modulus varied with all processing conditions used in this study, and even for the same solid fat content, different rheological properties were found. Storage and complex modulus increased with temperature of crystallization (25 to 30°C), even though solid fat contents of samples measured after 24 h at 10°C were the same. Moduli were higher for samples crystallized at slow cooling rate, decreased with agitation rate, and were lower for the 30–70% blend at all processing conditions used. Storage moduli also increased with storage time. Shear storage modulus was calculated from the DMA experimental data, and the results were in agreement with the values reported in literature for butter systems. Fractal dimensions calculated for these systems showed a significant decrease as agitation rate increased in agreement with the softening effect reported for working of butter.
Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Series Demonstrating Its Role in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been used to treat cancers within the tracheobronchial tree. There have been many reports about the use of PDT for the treatment of carcinoma in situ and for obstructive endobronchial lesions. PDT has not been previously reported in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. PDT offers the advantages of a relatively short duration of treatment, a low side effect profile, and relatively low risk when compared to Nd-YAG laser in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. We report the first successful use of PDT to wean patients from mechanical ventilation.
Utility of a brief cognitive screening instrument in substance abuse patients: initial investigation.

The ability of the Cognitive Status Examination (CSE), a brief neuropsychological screening instrument, to detect cognitive impairment in substance abusing patients was evaluated in 200 consecutive admissions to a drug/alcohol rehabilitation unit. While a significant proportion (25%) of patients screened were classified as impaired using the cutoff derived in the original study, agreement with an independent neurological impairment classification was much lower than that reported in the earlier work. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, including the relatively subtle nature of cognitive impairment in substance abusing patients. Implementation of regular screening did seem to heighten staff sensitivity to cognitive impairment in this sample. Alternate methods of determining the usefulness of cognitive screening tools (e.g., relationship to treatment relevant skills) are also discussed.
Ascorbic acid recycling by cultured β cells: Effects of increased glucose metabolism

Ascorbic acid is necessary for optimal insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. We evaluated ascorbate recycling and whether it is impaired by increased glucose metabolism in the rat beta-cell line INS-1. INS-1 cells, engineered with the potential for overexpression of glucokinase under the control of a tetracycline-inducible gene expression system, took up and reduced dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbate in a concentration-dependent manner that was optimal in the presence of physiologic D-glucose concentrations. Ascorbate uptake did not affect intracellular GSH concentrations. Whereas depletion of GSH in culture to levels about 25% of normal also did not affect the ability of the cells to reduce dehydroascorbic acid, more severe acute GSH depletion to less than 10% of normal levels did impair dehydroascorbic acid reduction. Culture of inducible cells in 11.8 mM D-glucose and doxycycline for 48 h enhanced glucokinase activity, increased glucose utilization, abolished D-glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The latter may have contributed to subsequent decreases in the ability of the cells both to maintain intracellular ascorbate and to recycle it from dehydroascorbic acid. Cultured beta cells have a high capacity to recycle ascorbate, but this is sensitive to oxidant stress generated by increased glucose metabolism due to culture in high glucose concentrations and increased glucokinase expression. Impaired ascorbate recycling as a result of increased glucose metabolism may have implications for the role of ascorbate in insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus and may partially explain glucose toxicity in beta cells.
Evaluation of two-loop self-energy basis integrals using differential equations

I study the Feynman integrals needed to compute two-loop self-energy functions for general masses and external momenta. A convenient basis for these functions consists of the four integrals obtained at the end of Tarasov's recurrence relation algorithm. The basis functions are modified here to include one-loop and two-loop counterterms to render them finite; this simplifies the presentation of results in practical applications. I find the derivatives of these basis functions with respect to all squared-mass arguments, the renormalization scale, and the external momentum invariant, and express the results algebraically in terms of the basis. This allows all necessary two-loop self-energy integrals to be efficiently computed numerically using the differential equation in the external momentum invariant. I also use the differential equations method to derive analytic forms for various special cases, including a four-propagator integral with three distinct nonzero masses.
Needle licker's osteomyelitis

Abstract Eikenella corrodens , a fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus may be encountered in wounds exposed to human sallva, especially human bites and head and neck infections. An unusual case of a mixed flora E corrodens and Strepticoccus septic arthritis with adjacent osteomyelitis secondary to saliva contamination from licking an intravenous (IV) needle is presented. A literature search showed 53 previous cases of E corrodens infections in IV drug users. However, none of these infections affected bones or joints. The microbiology and unusual antibiotic sensitivity are presented. Recommendations for treatment include penicillin or ampicillin. Tetracycline is recommended in the penicillin-allergic patient. This is the first case that draws attention to the connection between E corrodens , IV drug use, and septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.
Feature combinations and the bhattacharyya criterion

We develop a procedure for calculating a kxn rank k matrix B for data compression using the Bhattacharyya bound on the probability of error and an iterative construction using Householder transformations. Two sets of remotely sensed agricultural data are used to demonstrate the application of the procedure. The results of the applications give some indication of the extent to which the Bhattacharyya bound on the probability of error is affected by such transformations for multivariate normal populations.
Alternate receptor usage of neuropilin-1 and glucose transporter protein 1 by the human T cell leukemia virus type 1.

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuropilin 1 (NP-1) is involved in HTLV-1 entry; however, the role NP-1 plays in this process is not understood. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of human NP-1 but not NP-2 cDNA increased susceptibility to HTLV-1. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of NP-1 expression correlated with significant reduction of HTLV-1 Env-mediated fusion. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) caused downmodulation of surface NP-1 and inhibited HTLV-1 infection of U87 cells. In contrast, VEGF165 partially inhibited infection of primary astrocytes and had no significant effect on infection of HeLa cells. VEGF165 and antibodies to the glucose transporter protein 1 (anti-GLUT-1) were both needed to block infection of primary astrocytes, however, only anti-GLUT-1 antibodies were sufficient to block infection of HeLa cells. HTLV-1 Env forms complexes with both NP-1 and GLUT-1 in primary human astrocytes. The alternate usage of these two cellular receptors may have important implications regarding HTLV-1 neuro-tropism.
The development of the aerobic bacterial flora of the throat in newborn babies.

Summary Six newborn infants kept in a modern nursery elaborately protected against potentially harmful bacteria developed, after approximately twenty-four hours of life, an aerobic throat flora which consisted of nonhemolytic streptococci. Once established, this flora persisted with great tenacity. In only one of six infants did N. sp. appear as part of the resident flora during the first five days of life. Staphylococci came and went in the throats of these infants but did not comprise a part of the true indigenous flora. Penicillin, given in various dosage schedules beginning shortly after birth, delayed the establishment of nonhemolytic streptococci but did not alter the kinds of organisms recovered from the throat in five babies.
Effects of transient ethanol exposure on the incorporation of [3H]ethanolamine into plasmalogen in the differentiating CG-4 oligodendrocyte cell line

We investigated the potential teratogenic effects of ethanol (EtOH) on myelination by monitoring its effects on the labeling of the myelin-typical lipid, ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPl), in the CG-4 cell line of differentiating oligodendrocytes (OLGs). On 5 different days during the first 8 days of OLG development, cells were labeled for 24 hr with [(3)H]ethanolamine to label EPl and diacyl-ethanolamine phosphoglycerols (diacyl-EPG), and the amount of labeled lipid expressed on each day was determined in the presence and absence of 25-120 mM EtOH. At early stages of development, a lower amount of [(3)H]EPl per cell was found in cells exposed to EtOH. The ratio of [(3)H]EPl to [(3)H]diacyl-EPG in cells exposed to 25, 50, or 120 mM EtOH was decreased by 50% after 4 days of differentiation compared with that in control cells. By adding or withdrawing EtOH at specific days of differentiation, we showed that EtOH inhibited the increased labeling of EPl if it was present for the first 48 hr of differentiation, and subsequent withdrawal failed to relieve the inhibition. Addition of EtOH anytime after the first day of differentiation did not inhibit the increased labeling of EPl. The results show that the increased labeling of EPl in differentiating OLGs resulted from an EtOH-sensitive, developmentally programmed, transient process active only during the first 2 days of differentiation.
Sex-role stereotypes, self-concepts, and measured personality characteristics in college women and men

Female and male college students were asked to rank 15 descriptions of manifest needs in the order that they thought best characterized either the average female and the average male, the ideal female and the ideal male, or themselves. Subjects who described themselves also completed an objective measure of the needs. Extensive similarity was found between the responses of female and male subjects. Subjects perceived numerous differences between the average female and the average male, but very few differences between the ideal female and ideal male. The self-concepts of female and male subjects were highly similar. Objective measurement revealed very few significant differences between females and males.
Multiecho multimoment refocussing of motion in magnetic resonance imaging: MEM-MO-RE☆

Gradient moment nulling techniques for refocussing of spin dephasing resulting from movement during application of magnetic resonance imaging gradients have gained widespread application. These techniques offer advantages over conventional imaging gradients by reducing motion artifacts due to intraview motion, and by recovering signal lost from spin dephasing. This paper presents a simple technique for designing multiecho imaging gradient waveforms that refocus dephasing from the interaction of imaging gradients and multiple derivatives of position. Multiple moments will be compensated at each echo. The method described relies on the fact that the calculation of time moments for nulled moment gradient waveforms is independent of the time origin chosen. Therefore, waveforms used to generate the second echo image for multiple echo sequences with echo times given by TEn = TE1 + (n - 1) * (TE2 - TE1) may also be used for generation of the third and additional echo images. All echoes will refocus the same derivatives of position. Multiecho, multimoment refocussing (MEM-MO-RE) images through the liver in a patient with ampullary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver demonstrate the application of the method in clinical scanning.
Drainage post-thyroglossal duct remnant surgery: Possible source and analysis

Objective To establish the distance between tongue base salivary tissue and hyoid. Also, to identify protein differences between thyroglossal duct (TGD) remnants and salivary tissue in order to distinguish drainage source post Sistrunk surgery. Methods/Setting The anterior neck block was obtained from 10 adult cadavers with no known neck pathology. The distance between the normal salivary tissue and hyoid was measured histologically. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was then performed on 20 archived tissue blocks from pediatric patients post Sistrunk surgery to identify the presence of amylase, MUC5AC (tracheobronchial mucin), and MUC7 (salivary mucin) within the excised specimen. Results Average distance between salivary tissue and the hyoid within adult human cadavers was 3.3 mm (range, 1.0-4.2 mm). IHC revealed all excised TGD remnants contained amylase and MUC5AC but none contained MUC7. Both amylase and MUC7 were present within adjacent salivary tissues. Conclusions Salivary tissue of the tongue base normally resides an average of 3.3 mm from the hyoid within the adult population. Biochemical analysis showed MUC5AC was specific for TGD remnants while MUC7 was specific for salivary tissue. Amylase does not distinguish between the two tissues.
The role of exploratory movement in visual servoing without calibration

Abstract The calibration requirements for visual servoing can make it difficult to apply in many real-world situations. One approach to image-based visual servoing without calibration is to dynamically estimate the image Jacobian and use it as the basis for control. However, with the normal motion of the robot towards the goal, the estimation of the image Jacobian deteriorates over time. We propose the use of additional “exploratory motion” in the direction in which it is most needed, thus considerably improving the estimation of the image Jacobian. We study the role such exploratory motion can play in a visual servoing task. Simulations and experiments with a 6-DOF robot are used to verify the practical feasibility of the approach.
The Folk Probably do Think What you Think They Think

Much contemporary experimental philosophy involves taking surveys of ‘folk’ subjects to test their intuitions involving philosophically relevant concepts. The results of these surveys are often claimed to be surprising, and treated as evidence that the relevant folk intuitions cannot be predicted from the ‘armchair’. We conducted an experiment to test these claims, and found that a solid majority of philosophers could predict even results that were claimed to be surprising in the literature. We discuss some methodological implications as well as some possible explanations for the common surprisingness claims.
Method development for the analysis of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides at low parts per trillion levels in water

In the current study, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides including diazinon, chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and deltamethrin were analyzed in laboratory and field-collected water samples. Water samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorous detector (GC/NPD). Comparison of results from liquid-liquid extraction and subsequent normal phase solid-phase extraction cleanup (LLE-NPSPE), and reversed phase solid-phase extraction (RPSPE) showed that LLE-NPSPE was the better choice to extract trace amounts of pesticides from water. Pesticide recoveries from four spiked water samples using LLE-NPSPE ranged from 63.2 to 148.8% at four spiking concentrations. Method detection limits were 0.72-1.69 ng/L using four different water sources. The stability of the target pesticides in lake water was investigated at 4 degrees C for 1h, 1d, 4d, and 7d under three conditions: (1) water samples only; (2) with 20 mL hexane used as a keeper solvent; and (3) with acidification to pH 2 with HCl. Results showed that water storage without treatment resulted in slow degradation of some pesticides with storage time, storage using water acidification led to significant degradation and loss of diazinon and chlorpyrifos, while water storage with hexane as a keeper solvent showed good stability for all of the target pesticides over the 7d storage period.
Primitive exchange perturbation theory, IV

The formalism which Certain and the author developed is summarized. For electron exchange problems this is equivalent to a generalization of the author's work with Silbey. It is suggested that good values of the energy may be calculated by a simple approximation which does not involve any exchange functions.
Are subjective measures of well-being ‘direct’?

Subjective measures of well-being—measures based on answers to questions such as ‘Taking things all together, how would you say things are these days—would you say you're very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy these days?’—are often presented as superior to more traditional economic welfare measures, e.g., for public policy purposes. This paper aims to spell out and assess what I will call the argument from directness: the notion that subjective measures of well-being better represent well-being than economic measures do because subjective measures (and subjective measures alone) are direct measures of well-being. My main thesis is that the argument begs the question against proponents of economic measures: it is based on a premise that they reject and that is no less in need of justification than the conclusion of the argument, namely, the proposition that well-being is constituted by subjectively experienced mental states. If subjective measures can be defended as valid measures of well-being at all...
EXOCRINE SECRETION FROM THE ISOLATED RABBIT PANCREAS.

STUDY of the mechanisms of secretion of the digestive glands has been handicapped by an inability to isolate the glands from the influence of variable control mechanisms such as blood flow, nervous factors and humoral agents. In the work recorded here it was possible to maintain pancreatic secretion in an in vitro preparation of rabbit pancreas for 5–6 h and to demonstrate ion concentration-flow relationships similar to those found in vivo. Adequate oxygenation of the organ is possible because the pancreas of the rabbit is nearly as thin as the surrounding mesentery (about 0.2 mm). It is entirely located within the mesomentum of the first duodenal loop. The collecting duct enters the duodenum completely separated from the common bile duct, and thus is easily identified and isolated.
Magnetoelastic and magnetostrictive phonon generation in YIG

Abstract Experiments are described which demonstrate that a discontinuity surface is capable of causing interbranch scattering of magnetoelastic waves. It is also shown that the magnetostrictive generation of phonons in bulk ferromagnets is a surface phenomenon.
Chronic hyperplastic tuberculosis of the ileum

I N the Annuls of Surgery for May 1930 Edward DowdIe l reports a case of chronic hyperpIastic tuberculosis, or tubercuIoma of the descending coIon, as he calIs it. In his discussion of the various types of tubercuIosis of the intestines, he states that chronic hyperplastic tubercuIosis of the iIeum alone is aImost never seen, onIy 8 cases having been reported in the Iiterature. DowdIe states that this variety of tubercuIosis is considered a primary Iesion in a high percentage of cases both because of the inabiIity to demonstrate tubercuIous infection elsewhere and because of the cure by extirpation of the IocaI Iesion. OccasionaIIy however, tubercuIosis eIsewhere is demonstrabIe as a coexisting lesion. Boydz in his SurgicaI PathoIogy” states that in this condition there is formation of tubercuIous granuIation tissue, mainIy in the submucosa, but also to some extent in the subperitonea1 coat; that giant ceI1.s are abundant, but that miliary tubercIes are not common and that caseation is usuaIIy absent. UIceration may deveIop, but is not a marked feature of this condition. The mucosa may graduaIIy encroach upon the Iumen until extreme narrowing results, so that it may only be possibIe to pass a fine probe through the opening. The affected part of the bowe1 is thickened and stiff and may form a tumor-like mass, which bears strong resembIance to a carcinoma even after the abdomen is opened. The neighboring Iymphatic gIands are usuaIIy enIarged, thus stiI1 further adding to the mass which is feIt through the abdomina1 waI1. Rankin and Mayo:’ in Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics for June 1930 under the heading of Carcinoma of the SmaII BoweI state that IocaIized tubercuIosis of the iIeum must be remembered as one condition diffIcuIt to distinguish from carcinoma except at operation. They aIso mention a case of IocaIized tubercuIosis of the ileum ‘;;3 cm. from the iIioceca1 vaIve, thus bringing the tota of cases in Iiterature to 9. Babcock” in his “Textbook of Surgery” under TubercuIosis of the Intestine gives as one of his classifications: HyperpIastic form, Iarge infihrating uIcers or polypoid granuIations upon the mucous membrane, partiaIIy annuIar and tending to stenosis and stricture . . . bowe1 above the stricture is hypertrophied or diIated or both thick and diIated. The uIcers show dense fibrous hyperpIasia with Iimited caseation and necrosis, and with stenosis and obstruction and enIargement of the regiona Iymph-nodes. AI1 of the writers mentioned previousIy state that this type is found between the ages of twenty and forty, rareIy in chiIdren and the eIderIy. We wish to add a case of IocaIized hyperpIastic tubercuIosis of the iIeum to those aIready mentioned in Iiterature. The cIinica1 picture corresponds aImost exactIy with that mentioned by Babcock.
Absence of Formic Acid Accumulation in Urine Following Five Days of Methanol Exposure

Abstract Five human subjects were exposed to an atmosphere containing 200 ppm of methanol in a test chamber for 7 hours per day for 5 consecutive days (Monday through Friday). Ambient air in the chamber was monitored continuously for methanol, while urine was monitored for methanol and formic acid. Spot urine specimens were collected immediately before and immediately after exposure periods on Monday through Friday, and also on the Saturday and Sunday mornings following the week of exposure. Morning urine specimens obtained Tuesday through Saturday were collected approximately 16 hours following cessation of exposure on the preceding day. Mean urinary methanol concentrations were increased from baseline at the end of each exposure session (Monday through Friday), but had returned to baseline in samples collected 16 hours following cessation of exposure. The concentration of formic acid in morning urine specimens did not change significantly over the 7 days of this experiment. These results indicate that: ...
Testing of ultra low voltage CMOS microprocessors using the superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD)

In F. Stellari and P. Song (2004) the authors have shown a comparison among different detectors used for diagnosing integrated circuits (ICs) by means of the PICA method. In their experiments they used two versions of the SSPD detector (p-SSPD is a prototype version, while c-SSPD is the first commercially available generation of the detector as presented in W. K. Lo et al. (2002), as well as the imaging detector (S-25 photo-multiplier tube (PMT) as discussed in W. G. McMullan (1987)) used in the conventional PICA technique. A microprocessor chip fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m 1.2 V technology is used to show that c-SSPD provides a significant reduction in acquisition time for the collection of optical waveforms from chips running at very low. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results.
Performance characterization of a new discrete pulse modulated current regulator

A novel discrete pulse-modulated current regulator, which controls a space vector that describes the load current, is introduced. This controller uses no additional state feedback and results in better performance than the current regulated delta modulator (CR Delta M). The proposed adjacent state discrete time current regulator, which switches between adjacent switching vectors and the zero state on the basis of the state chosen by the CR Delta M scheme, contains most of the operating characteristics of a cost function regulator, which utilizes full state feedback. Simulation results of this new regulator are compared to the CR Delta M and the cost function discrete time current regulator. The same ideas used in the discrete pulse case can be extended to form a new hard-switched hysteresis-type current regulator. In either case, the regulator is easily implemented, requiring no calculation of counter-EMF (electromotive force) or Delta I. In addition, a modified sigma/delta modulated voltage regulator that satisfies the pulse polarity consistency rule is derived. Finally, complete experimental results are given. >
Sleep and Affective Brain Regulation

Rapidly emerging evidence continues to describe an intimate and causal relationship between sleep and affective brain regulation. These findings are mirrored by long-standing clinical observations demonstrating that nearly all mood and anxiety disorders co-occur with one or more abnormalities of sleep. This review aims to (1) provide a synthesis of recent human evidence describing affective brain and behavioral benefits of sleep when it is obtained, and conversely, detrimental impairments following a lack thereof, (2) set forth a rapid eye movement sleep hypothesis of affective brain homeostasis, optimally preparing the organism for next-day social and emotional functioning, and (3) outline how this model may explain the prevalent relationships observed between sleep and affective disorders, including relevant treatment mechanisms, with a particular focus on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ability of the human brain to generate, regulate and be guided by emotions repre
Self-efficacy is associated with walking ability in persons with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease

Self-efficacy is a known predictor for behavior change. Little is known about the association of self-efficacy with walking ability in individuals with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The objective of this study was to determine the association of self-efficacy with walking ability in individuals with diabetes mellitus and PAD. In this cross-sectional study, baseline data were analyzed from individuals with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 and PAD who were enrolled in a walking intervention clinical trial. As part of the baseline assessment, individuals completed questionnaires to ascertain self-efficacy and co-existing illnesses. In addition, participants completed a treadmill walking test and a 6-minute walking test. A total of 145 individuals were enrolled (mean age 66.5 +/- 10.1 years) with diabetes mellitus and PAD; 45 (31%) were women. The mean ankle-bracial index was 0.70 (range - 0.18-2.20) and the mean glycosylated hemoglobin value was 7.1 (SD 1.2). The mean distance walked, as per the treadmill walking test, was 418 meters (SD 258) and the mean distance walked, as per the 6-minute walking test, was 272 meters (SD 74). As measured by the treadmill walking test and the 6-minute walking test, self-efficacy was associated with treadmill walking distance, coefficient 33.0 (95% CI 11.0, 55.1; p = 0.0036), and the 6-minute walking test, coefficient 10.4 (95% CI 3.0, 17.7; p = 0.0061), after adjusting for comorbidities, social habits, and disease severity. In conclusion, self-efficacy, a psychosocial mediator for behavior change, was significantly associated with walking ability in individuals with diabetes mellitus and PAD. Future studies should determine the benefits of targeting self-efficacy to improve adherence to walking therapy in patients with PAD.
Comments on &#8220;Dyadic Eigenfunctions and Natural Modes for Hybrid Waves in Planar Media&#8221; and &#8220;Dyadic Green's Function for Planar Media: A Dyadic Eigenfunction Approach&#8221;

The author comments on two papers by Hanson (IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.52, p.941-7, April 2004; and IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.52, p.3350-6, December 2004)