cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Channel Flow of a Density-Stratified Fluid About Immersed Bodies

The flow of a density-stratified fluid about symmetric towed bodies was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A cylinder and a slender body were towed through a linearly stratified fluid at various depths and the resulting lee waves were observed and recorded photographically in such a manner as to show the flow tracers as streamlines of the flow. A theoretical investigation was made using an inverse method of solution in which the bodies are generated by distributions of doublets of varying strength and location within the flow field. This theoretical solution predicts that the flow field will be symmetric about the model, only if the model is at the midplane of the flow channel and will be non-symmetric at any other location of the model. This prediction is qualitatively verified by the experimental observations. Theoretical solutions corresponding to the experimental observations were generated. It was found that good agreement was obtained between the theory and experiment as long as the model was towed at a symmetric plane of the channel. At other planes of towing the quantitative agreement between theory and experiment was not good.
Historischer Institutionalismus und Gesellschaftstransformation

Wann, warum und wie transformieren sich Gesellschaften? Um diese drei wichtigen Fragen zu beantworten, stutzt sich der theoretische Ansatz des Historischen Institutionalismus (HI) auf geschichtliche sowie institutionelle Einflusse. Im HI werden gesellschaftliche Transformationen als distinkte historische Prozesse betrachtet, um zu betonen, dass der Zeitpunkt, der Ablauf und die Dauer solcher Prozesse einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Qualitat und die Richtung gesellschaftlicher Transformationen besitzen. Institutionen spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle, da sie Gesellschaftstransformationen in bestimmte Bahnen lenken und so wiederkehrende Verwerfungen und Umbruche verhindern konnen. Der HI analysiert also Mechanismen von Stabilitat und Wandel bei Gesellschaftstransformationen.
Consumer and Taste Panel Evaluations of Some Methods for Controlling Feed Flavors in Milk

summary Milk produced on experimental feeds was evaluated by a consumer panel and a trained taste panel. Off-flavored milk returned by consumers was used to measure its acceptability. An experienced taste panel evaluated both the experimental milk and the control milk on the same day deliveries were made to customers. Milk produced by cows fed sorghum silage, rye pasture, and bromegrass pasture was returned by consumers at rates of 1.1, 50.6, and 24.0% of the delivered quarts, respectively. Samples of these milks were scored 37.4, 33.3, and 34.2, respectively. These results were based on average values from six, four, and five trials on the silage, rye pasture, and bromegrass pasture, respectively. Vacuum treatment of milk produced on rye pasture resulted in 48.1% returns and a flavor score of 33.5; and on bromegrass pasture, 16.7% returns and a flavor score of 32.0. Removing cows from rye pasture 4 hr before milking resulted in 28.6% returns and a flavor score of 33.0; and from bromegrass pasture, 17.8% returns and a flavor score of 33.7. Correlation and regression coefficients between the log percentage of consumer returns and the panel flavor score were not significant at the 5% level for milk produced on rye pasture and bromegrass pasture.
Production of bio-hydrogen by mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in an acid-phase sequencing batch reactor.

The pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) were varied to optimize the conversion of carbohydrate-rich synthetic wastewater into bio-hydrogen. A full factorial design using evolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to determine the effect of the factors and to find the optimum condition of each factor required for high hydrogen production rate. Experimental results from 20 runs indicate that a maximum hydrogen production rate of 4,460–5,540 mL/L/day under the volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) of 75 g-COD/L/day obtained at an observed design point of HRT = 8 h and pH = 5.7. The hydrogen production rate was strongly dependent on the HRT, and the effect was statistically significant (P 0.05) was found for the pH on the hydrogen production rate. When the ASBR conditions were set for a maximum hydrogen production rate, the hydrogen production yield and specific hydrogen production rate were 60–74 mL/g-COD and 330–360 mL/g-VSS/day, respectively. The hydrogen composition was 43–51%, and no methanogenesis was observed. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caproate, and ethanol were major liquid intermediate metabolites during runs of this ASBR. The dominant fermentative types were butyrate-acetate or ethanol-acetate, representing the typical anaerobic pathway of Clostridium species. This hydrogen-producing ASBR had a higher hydrogen production rate, compared with that produced using continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). This study suggests that the hydrogen-producing ASBR is a promising bio-system for prolonged and stable hydrogen production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 421–432. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental Domains: The Mother of All Interventions; or, The Subterranean Early Development Blues

Traditional conceptualizations of developmental domains have served as the foundation for developing assessment instruments, constructing curriculum guides, and designing instructional materials in early intervention. But, such measurement procedures and learning activities fail to provide an integrated understanding of the development of children, especially young children with disabilities. In this paper, the authors discuss a need for more extensive discussion about child development among early interventionists and argue for the adoption of an integrated theory of child development to inform professional practice. They assert that integrated perspectives of development will advance the history of early intervention by promoting the best possible programming for children with disabilities and their families.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b drives malignant progression in a PDGFB‐dependent proneural glioma model by suppressing apoptosis

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) is likely the relevant STAT5 isoform with respect to the process of malignant progression in gliomas. STAT5b is a latent cytoplasmic protein involved in cell signaling through the modulation of growth factors, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have shown increased STAT5b expression in glioblastomas relative to low-grade tumors and normal brain. We recently demonstrated that phosphorylated STAT5b associates with delta epidermal growth factor receptor in the nucleus and subsequently binds the promoters of downstream effector molecules, including aurora kinase A. Analysis of TCGA dataset reveals that STAT5b is predominantly expressed in proneural (PN) gliomas relative to mesenchymal and neural gliomas. Here, we modeled ectopic expression of STAT5b in vivo using a platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB)-dependent mouse model of PN glioma to determine its effect on tumor formation and progression. We showed that coexpression of STAT5b and PDGFB in mice yielded a significantly higher rate of high-grade gliomas than PDGFB expression alone. We also observed shorter survival in the combined expression set. High-grade tumors from the STAT5b + PDGFB expression set were found to have a lower rate of apoptosis than those from PDGFB alone. Furthermore, we showed that increased expression of STAT5b + PDGFB led to increased expression of downstream STAT5b targets, including Bcl-xL, cyclin D1 and aurora kinase A in high-grade tumors when compared to tumors derived from PDGFB alone. Our findings show that STAT5b promotes the malignant transformation of gliomas, particularly the PN subtype, and is a potential therapeutic target.
A Novel Evolutionary Method for Synthesis 3D Continuous Structures

The design of complex structures which benefit the usage of inhomogeneous properties is a very difficult task. In this paper we present a novel approach in which we synthesize the design of structures by mimicking two fundamental processes from biology - Evolution and Development. We will show that by using these two processes in a computational model, we are able to evolve high performance structures. These structures contain a high degree of complexity from a topological aspect and from a materials distribution aspect. This degree of complexity is difficult or even impossible to achieve by ordinary design methods.
Reduced Infiltration of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Human Prostate Cancer: Association with Cancer Progression

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly active immune effector cells that may either positively or negatively regulate the growth of various malignant cells, depending on the biological context. However, the role of TAMs in human prostate cancer progression is unclear. TAMs were immunohistochemically labeled using a monoclonal (CD68) antibody in radical prostatectomy specimens derived from 81 prostate cancer patients. CD68-positive cells were counted with the aid of a microscope and expressed as macrophage index (MφI), including TAMs/mm2 total tumor tissue ( M φ I total), TAMs/mm2 tumor stroma ( M φ I stroma), and TAMs/mm2 cancer cell area ( M φ I cancer). MφIs were analyzed in association with patients’ clinical and pathological stage, recurrence status, and histological grade of the cancer. There were significant inverse relationships between M φ I total and M φ I stroma and clinical stage ( P = 0.016 and P = 0.006, respectively). Reduced M φ I total was also associated with the presence of positive lymph nodes ( P = 0.010). Interestingly, although all of the MφIs differed between Gleason score groups, only M φ I cancer was positively associated with Gleason score. Univariate analysis of M φ I total and multivariate analysis of M φ I total with specific pathological markers revealed that M φ I total was an independent predictor for disease-free survival after surgery (Cox proportional hazard model, P = 0.044 and P = 0.007, respectively). For patients with high M φ I total (≥185.8, the mean M φ I total value), the disease-free probability 5 years after surgery was 0.75, which was significantly higher than for those with low M φ I total (0.31, P = 0.0008). Additional immunohistochemical studies that evaluated cytotoxicity-related biomarkers in stroma-associated mononuclear cells suggested reduced functional activities in highly aggressive prostate cancer compared with less aggressive disease. Our results indicate that reduced M φ I total is a novel prognostic marker for prostate cancer.
Existence of an Endogenous Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Humans That Peaks in the Evening

Rationale: Blood pressure (BP) usually decreases during nocturnal sleep and increases during daytime activities. Whether the endogenous circadian control system contributes to this daily BP variation has not been determined under appropriately controlled conditions. Objective: To determine whether there exists an endogenous circadian rhythm of BP in humans. Methods and Results: In 28 normotensive adults (16 men), we assessed BP across 3 complementary, multiday, in-laboratory protocols performed in dim light, throughout which behavioral and environmental influences were controlled and/or uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle via: (1) a 38-hour “constant routine,” including continuous wakefulness; (2) a 196-hour “forced desynchrony” with 7 recurring 28-hour sleep/wake cycles; and (3) a 240-hour forced desynchrony with 12 recurring 20-hour sleep/wake cycles. Circadian phases were derived from core body temperature. Each protocol revealed significant circadian rhythms in systolic and diastolic BP, with almost identical rhythm profiles among protocols. The peak-to-trough amplitudes were 3 to 6 mm Hg for systolic BP and 2 to 3 mm Hg for diastolic BP (always P Conclusions: There exists a robust endogenous circadian rhythm in BP. The highest BP occurred at the circadian time corresponding to ≈9:00 pm, suggesting that the endogenous BP rhythm is unlikely to underlie the well-documented morning peak in adverse cardiovascular events.
Measurement and analysis of child pornography trafficking on P2P networks

Peer-to-peer networks are the most popular mechanism for the criminal acquisition and distribution of child pornography (CP). In this paper, we examine observations of peers sharing known CP on the eMule and Gnutella networks, which were collected by law enforcement using forensic tools that we developed. We characterize a year's worth of network activity and evaluate different strategies for prioritizing investigators' limited resources. The highest impact research in criminal forensics works within, and is evaluated under, the constraints and goals of investigations. We follow that principle, rather than presenting a set of isolated, exploratory characterizations of users. First, we focus on strategies for reducing the number of CP files available on the network by removing a minimal number of peers. We present a metric for peer removal that is more effective than simply selecting peers with the largest libraries or the most days online. Second, we characterize six aggressive peer subgroups, including: peers using Tor, peers that bridge multiple p2p networks, and the top 10% of peers contributing to file availability. We find that these subgroups are more active in their trafficking, having more known CP and more uptime, than the average peer. Finally, while in theory Tor presents a challenge to investigators, we observe that in practice offenders use Tor inconsistently. Over 90% of regular Tor users send traffic from a non-Tor IP at least once after first using Tor.
Effect of Electronic Prescribing With Formulary Decision Support on Medication Use and Cost

Background Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) with formulary decision support (FDS) prompts prescribers to prescribe lower-cost medications and may help contain health care costs. In April 2004, 2 large Massachusetts insurers began providing an e-prescribing system with FDS to community-based practices. Methods Using 18 months (October 1, 2003, to March 31, 2005) of administrative data, we conducted a pre-post study with concurrent controls. We first compared the change in the proportion of prescriptions for 3 formulary tiers before and after e-prescribing began, then developed multivariate longitudinal models to estimate the specific effect of e-prescribing when controlling for baseline differences between intervention and control prescribers. Potential savings were estimated using average medication costs by formulary tier. Results More than 1.5 million patients filled 17.4 million prescriptions during the study period. Multivariate models controlling for baseline differences between prescribers and for changes over time estimated that e-prescribing corresponded to a 3.3% increase (95% confidence interval, 2.7%-4.0%) in tier 1 prescribing. The proportion of prescriptions for tiers 2 and 3 (brand-name medications) decreased correspondingly. e-Prescriptions accounted for 20% of filled prescriptions in the intervention group. Based on average costs for private insurers, we estimated that e-prescribing with FDS at this rate could result in savings of $845 000 per 100 000 patients. Higher levels of e-prescribing use would increase these savings. Conclusions Clinicians using e-prescribing with FDS were significantly more likely to prescribe tier 1 medications, and the potential financial savings were substantial. Widespread use of e-prescribing systems with FDS could result in reduced spending on medications.
Maximum common subgraph: some upper bound and lower bound results

Structure matching plays an important part in understanding the functional role of biological structures. Bioinformatics assists in this effort by reformulating this process into a problem of finding a maximum common subgraph between graphical representations of these structures. Among the many different variants of the maximum common subgraph problem, the maximum common induced subgraph of two graphs is of special interest. Based on current research in the area of parameterized computation, we derive a new lower bound for the exact algorithms of the maximum common induced subgraph of two graphs which is the best currently known. Then we investigate the upper bound and design techniques for approaching this problem, specifically, reducing it to one of finding a maximum clique in the product graph of the two given graphs. Considering the upper bound result, the derived lower bound result is asymptotically tight. Parameterized computation is a viable approach with great potential for investigating many applications within bioinformatics, such as the maximum common subgraph problem studied in this paper. With an improved hardness result and the proposed approaches in this paper, future research can be focused on further exploration of efficient approaches for different variants of this problem within the constraints imposed by real applications.
The Connection between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part IV. Comparison of the Surface Changes in the Northern Hemisphere with the Upper Air and with the Antarctic in Winter

Abstract During 24 years when the 700 mb winter mean temperature dropped over most of the hemisphere north of 20°N, the biggest falls were in the belt of strongest baroclinity and were simultaneous with a southward movement and strengthening of the peak in total meridional eddy transport of sensible heat. These changes were accompanied by a southward displacement of the region of most frequent storm tracks at the surface and by compatible trends in surface mean temperature and sea level pressure. At middle latitudes the layer between surface and 700 mb destabilized, while in the arctic it stabilized as the surface temperature over a large part of the polar cap fell more than the 700 mb temperature. A comparison with the Southern Hemisphere showed that local temperature trends in the antarctic also take place on the scale of long waves, that they are as large as those in the Northern Hemisphere and that a zonally averaged trend is not necessary the same in summer and winter. The net transport of sensible h...
Mental illness, mental retardation, mental hygiene in modern culture.

The deterioration of mental health of our population is usually interpreted as the result of the increased modern life stress in our atomic age with its implications of the « cold war ». It is not a greater cultural life stress, however, but rather a lower individual resistance to it that accounts for the increased frequency of psychoneuroses in modern society. The term « mental retardation » comprises two categories: one is caused by genetic factors or acquired intra-and extrauterine diseases of infancy and childhood, the second is due to functional mental retardation if the normal individual genetic endowment has not developed to its full capacity and has persisted in a state of immaturity without any interference of a disease. The characteristics of such functional mental retardation (psychic infantilism) and their manifestation in society are outlined in detail. Instincts and emotions insufficiently inhibited by intellect determine the behavior of the functionally mentally retarded. Deficient ethics and responsibility are very often consequences of deficient intellect. Conformism is a subterfuge and evasion from personal responsibility. Exuberant imagination and fantasy of an immature mind, uncontroled by intellect, becoming prevalent in a schizoid personality have eliminated the concept of beauty-and this is the essence of aesthetics-from creative art, music and literature. Mental hygiene is chiefly the job of the family home and the teachers in primary and secondary schools. Education is more than drill and training. Teachers cannot be replaced by machines. Automation technics, recently used even for personality assessment, are out of place in this field.
Child abusers, the abused, and the murdered: in our nation and your state.

In an effort to alert pediatric dental practitioners to the ongoing epidemic of child victimizations and murder, a review provided of Department of Justice and Department of Health and Human Services reports, including data on the perpetrators of these crimes and a state by state review of these criminal events. Language: en
Coherence a measure of the brain networks: past and present

Brian connectivity describes the networks of functional and anatomical connections across the brain. The functional network communications across the brain networks dependent on neuronal oscillations. Detection of the synchronous activation of neurons can be used to determine the wellbeing or integrity of the functional connectivity in the human brain networks. Well-connected highly synchronous functional activity can be measured by Electroencephalography (EEG) or Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and then analyzed with several types of mathematical algorithms. Coherence is one mathematical method that can be used to determine if two or more sensors, or brain regions, have similar neuronal oscillatory activity with each other. Since the 1960’s, coherence has generally been assessed on the similarity of the frequency content across EEG sensors. Recently coherence, after it has been imaged in the brain, has been used to assess how coherent or connected specific locations in the brain are networked together in several different neurological disorders. Statistical analysis can then be performed on the coherence results to verify evidence of normal or abnormal network activity in a patient. In this review we highlight how functional brain connectivity is assessed in Source space using coherence technique measured by MEG.
Stratified psychiatry via convexity-based clustering with applications towards moderator analysis

Understanding heterogeneity in phenotypical characteristics, symptoms manifestations and response to treatment of subjects with psychiatric illnesses is a continuing challenge in mental health research. A long-standing goal of medical studies is to identify groups of subjects characterized with a particular trait or quality and to distinguish them from other subjects in a clinically relevant way. This paper develops and illustrates a novel approach to this problem based on a method of optimal-partitioning (clustering) of functional data. The proposed method allows for the simultaneous clustering of different populations (e.g., symptoms of drug and placebo treated patients) in order to identify prototypical outcome profiles that are distinct from one or the other treatment and outcome profiles common to the different treatments. The clustering results are used to discover potential treatment effect modifiers (i.e., moderators), in particular, moderators of specific drug effects and placebo response. A depression clinical trial is used to illustrate the method.
The Constitutive Response of Active Polymer Gels

Active polymer gels can achieve large, reversible deformations in response to environmental stimuli, such as the application of an electric field or a change in pH level. Consequently, great interest exists in using these gels as actuators and artificial muscles. The goal of this work is to characterize the mechanical properties of ionic polymer gels and to describe how these properties evolve as the gel actuates. Experimental results of uniaxial tests on poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylic acid) gels are presented for both acidic and basic environments. These materials are shown to be to be slightly viscoelastic and compressible and capable of large recoverable deformations. The gels also exhibit similar stress in response to mechanical deformation in both the acid and the base.
Transactional Experiences of Existential Anxiety as a Barrier to Effective Humanistic Intervention

There are some who criticize mainstream mental health approaches and point out that individuals in distress appear to be getting worse, as opposed to better, while in treatment. Ex-patients often a...
Introduction the European Medicine Agency guideline on the clinical investigations of medical products for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

This article is to introduce the CHMP guideline on the clinical investigations of medical products for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension newly released by European Medicines Agency,hoping to give some reference to design and evaluation of clinical trials for pulmonary arterial hypertension agents in China.
Analysis of influenza surveillance in Guangxi,2005-2006

Objective To detect the specimens for influenza viruses,and to discuss the change of the predominant strains of influenza in order to provide evidence for the prevention of influenza.Methods Guangxi Maternity and Infant In- stitute(MCH),Longan People's Hospital,Nanning MCH and Nanning No.1 Hospital were chosen as surveillance sites.The number of influenza-like cases was counted daily.Cell culture was used to isolate influenza virus.Results The number of influenza-like cases were obviously higher in spring and summer in 2005,the percentage of the number of influenza-like ca- ses accounted for the total out-patients was 10.04%～26.30% respectively.A total of 125 strains of influenza viruses were isolated in 2005,63 strains were identified as type B,46 strains as type A(H3N2) and 16 strains as type A (H1N1);A total of 191 strains of influenza viruses were isolated in 2006,78 strains were identified as type B,3 strains as type A (H3N2) and 110 strains as type A(H1N1).Conclusion Influenza-like cases occurred in the four surveillance hospitals in 2005-2006.The predominant strain in 2005 was type B,and the predominant strain in 2006 was type A(H1N1).
Clinical use of antiarrhythmic drugs.

Fundamental to treatment of cardiac arrhythmias are a precise diagnosis of the rhythm abnormality, knowledge of its natural history, and understanding of the cardiac effects of the antiarrhythmic drugs. The mechanisms of most arrhythmias are as yet undefined. Quinidine, procaine amide, propranolol, diphenylhydantoin and lidocaine are the commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs.
Long-Term Clinical Course of Tourette Syndrome

Researchers at Catania University, and University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy studied the course of Tourette syndrome (TS) after 10 years follow-up in 100 children.
Activation and reduction of carbon dioxide by nitrogenase iron proteins

The iron (Fe) proteins of molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V) nitrogenases mimic carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase in catalyzing the interconversion between CO2 and CO under ambient conditions. Catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO is achieved in vitro and in vivo upon redox changes of the Fe-protein-associated [Fe4S4] clusters. These observations establish the Fe protein as a model for investigation of CO2 activation while suggesting its biotechnological adaptability for recycling the greenhouse gas into useful products.
Autologous vs Allogeneic Cell Transplantation for Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL): Outcomes over a 10-Year Period at City of Hope.

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) carries a poor prognosis with standard therapy. Both allogeneic (ALLO) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) approaches have been used to intensify therapy in an attempt to achieve lasting remissions. 77 patients were transplanted at City of Hope over a 10-year period (1994–2003), including 13 ALLO and 64 ASCT. Demographics: The majority of patients were male (92% ALLO, and 73% ASCT). Median age was significantly younger for the ALLO, 47 years vs. 55 years for ASCT (p=0.003). ALLO patients had received more prior regimens than ASCTs-- avg 3 in ALLO and 1 in ASCT (p-value 0.0031). Median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 1.3 years for ALLO, 0.81 for ASCT. For ALLO patients, 8% were in first complete remission (CR1), 62% in second or subsequent remission, 23% in relapse, and 8% in unknown status. For ASCT patients, 47% were in CR1, 31% in second or subsequent remission, 14% in relapse, 2% in unknown status. Methods: Conditioning regimens for ASCT include FTBI/VP16/CTX (36), BCNU/VP16/CY (14), BEAM (2), Zevalin/BEAM (4), and other (8). One patient received an ASCT transplant, then received a reduced intensity ALLO transplant at the time of second relapse. Conditioning for ALLO included FTBI/CTX (9), Flu/Mel (3), or BU/CY (1), Results: Median follow-up was 57 months for ALLO, and 26 months for ASCT. 3-year Overall Survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and relapse rate was 51%, 53%, and 14% , respectively, for ALLO, and 66%, 57%, and 27% for ASCT. Patients transplanted in 1st CR had a significantly higher 3-year OS (85% vs. 52%, p = 0.0153) and PFS (78% vs. 44%, p = 0.027) a trend to a lower RR than patients transplanted in more advanced disease status. Conclusions: MCL patients transplanted in CR1 fared better than those transplanted with more advanced disease status, regardless of transplant approach. While relapse rates were lower in ALLO patients, this did not translate into improvement in OS or PFS, possibly due to a higher transplant related mortality (TRM). Analysis of PFS curves suggests no plateau on the ASCT curve, while late relapses were uncommon in ALLO patients. Download : Download high-res image (180KB) Download : Download full-size image
Selective Depletion of CD25+ Host-Reactive Donor Lymphocytes from Allografts Preserves a CD25− CD4+foxp3+ Fraction of T Cells and Thereby Provides a Source for Efficient Reconstitution of Regulatory T Cells and Additional GVHD Control.

We previously showed that removal of host-reactive donor T cells from allografts by anti-CD25 immunotoxin (IT) is clinically feasible and reduces the frequency of severe graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) in a high-risk group of elderly patients undergoing matched-sibling transplantation (Blood, 2005,106:1123). However, it is possible that the concurrent removal of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with alloactivated CD25+ T cells could precipitate more GVHD if depletion of alloreacting cells were incomplete. We, therefore, studied the recovery of Tregs in 16 patients receiving CD25-IT-treated stem cell grafts during the first 150 days after transplantation. Tregs were characterized by surface phenotyping for CD3, CD4, CD25 and CD27, intracellular staining for forkhead protein3 (foxp3) and quantitative real time PCR for foxp3 gene. We also measured Tregs in 13/16 donors (Don), 10/16 SD products and 13/16 patients pretransplant (Pre). Patients received a median of 1.0 (0.2–1.5) ×10 8 /kg selectively depleted (CD25−) CD3+ T cells and a stem cell product containing 0.25 ×10 4 /kg (0.1–5.0) residual unselected CD3+ T cells. Lymphocyte recovery was prompt with a median lymphocyte count of 613/μL (215–2883/μL) and median 97% donor T cell chimerism at day+30. Despite CD25-depletion, patients reconstituted sufficient levels of CD4+foxp3+ T cells at day+30. These CD4+foxp3+ T cells underwent further expansion and reached their highest median levels 150 days post transplantation (Figure A). Interestingly, all SD-products contained a significant fraction of CD4+foxp3+ Tregs that persisted after complete CD25-depletion. These cells were exclusively CD25− CD4+foxp3+ Tregs and represented 1.5–4.8% of the CD4+ cells in the SD product. Of note, the Treg content of the donor was associated with the risk of GVHD development posttransplant. Acute grade II GVHD was restricted to 5 patients whose donors had significantly fewer Tregs compared to those with no or grade I GVHD (Figure B). In this study we show efficient Treg reconstitution despite giving a CD25-depleted SD allograft. We identified a population of CD25− CD4+foxp3+ Tregs in the SD product. Such cells have been shown to exert regulatory function in mice. Our results suggest that Treg recovery following SD is derived from a major contribution of CD25− Tregs which escape the depletion process in addition to a residual fraction of CD25− and CD25+ Tregs delivered with the stem cell product. All these Treg fractions may undergo marked expansion post-transplant and provide additional GVHD protection if the removal of alloreacting T cells by the SD procedure were incomplete.
Structural Rules for Sound Business Process Implemented by UML Activity Diagram

A Business Process (BP) is defined to be a set of activities and tasks that is undertaken in some specified partial order to achieve an organizational goal. The validation of a BP is crucial for this goal to be achieved. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) Activity Diagram (ACT) is one of several ways of modeling a BP. Petri Nets (PNs) offer a more formal BP modeling language that also supports validation. A special class of PNs, called Workflow-Nets (WFNs), is specifically used to define a sound BP that is deadlock-free and bounded. The application of this definition requires a BP in the UML ACT form to be converted to a WFN. There are several proposed transformation algorithms from an ACT to an equivalent WFN representation in the literature. However, transforming a BP to an equivalent WFN requires knowledge of both the ACT and the WFN formalisms, and the transformation is also time consuming. This paper proposes a set of three structural rules for an ACT model of a BP to ensure the soundness property. The rules also help identify the errors if soundness of a BP cannot be established. We show that these structural rules are necessary for a sound BP modeled by the UML ACT. An illustrative example is also presented.
Computational Modeling of Growth and Remodeling in Biological Soft Tissues: Application to Arterial Mechanics

Traditional approaches in continuum biomechanics have revealed tremendous insights into the behavior of biological soft tissues, including arteries. Nevertheless, such approaches cannot describe or predict perhaps the most important characteristic behavior, the ability of soft tissues to adapt to changes in their chemo-mechanical environment. In this chapter, we introduce and illustrate one possible approach to modeling commonly observed cases of biological growth and remodeling of arteries in response to altered mechanical stimuli. In particular, we introduce a constrained rule-of-mixtures approach to modeling that can account for individual mechanical properties, natural (stress-free) configurations, and rates and extents of turnover of the different structurally significant constituents that make-up an artery. We illustrate how this theoretical framework can be implemented in a nonlinear finite element model of an evolving intracranial fusiform aneurysm and conclude with guidance on future needs for continued research. There is a pressing need, for example, for additional mechanobiological data that can guide the formulation of appropriate constitutive relations for stress-mediated production and removal of structural constituents by the different types of cells that reside within the arterial wall.
Does the World Trade Organization Foster Successful Regional Trade Agreements

The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA) is charged with monitoring, examining, and ensuring the compliance of notified RTAs. We develop a comprehensive dataset covering 290 regional economic integration agreements and ask whether oversight and examination by the WTO has fostered successful RTAs. The data reveal that almost half (43%) of all agreements in existence (up to 2005) are neither notified nor accounted for in the RTA database published by the WTO. Using variation in the notification status of an RTA we are able to determine whether oversight of notified RTAs has fostered higher levels of intra-regional trade. Surprisingly, we find that non-notified RTAs are significantly outperforming their notified counterparts despite the fact that notified RTAs are subject to conformity reviews and compliance standards enshrined in GATT Article XXIV. The ex post results suggest that oversight by the WTO may actually impede the effectiveness of regional integration. However, further robustness checks reveal that RTAs that entered into force after 1995, marking the establishment of the WTO and a formal committee (the CRTA) to oversee RTAs, are doing a much better job of stimulating members’ trade relative to non-notified agreements. The results thus identify strategies to make regional trade agreements more effective going forward.
Some recent studies on the perception of rotation

Human rotation perception, discussing man-carrying rotation device, angular acceleration threshold, etc
EFFECTIVE NEURAL NETWORK MODELING IN C

A method for constructing neural network models is presented. Coding solutions to common neural network modeling problems are discussed which allow for expandable, portable and readable implementations. Use of dynamic allocation and table dispatch is demonstrated in object oriented, top-down design methods.
Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Growth Factor Signal Transduction

The molecular basis for the actions of insulin and other growth factors remains an outstanding problem in biology today. Delineation of the early steps of the mitogenic response is important for a proper understanding of the processes of both normal and abnormal cell proliferation, and other pathological conditions including diabetes. In this paper, which consists primarily of a review of work carried out here and elsewhere, a role for protein phosphorylation in the mediation of many of the metabolic responses of cells to growth factors is examined.
Structural Basis for Ligand-Dependent Transmembrane Signalling of the Insulin and IGF-1 Receptor Kinases

Insulin and IGF-1 modulate a number of acute metabolic and long term growth-related responses in target cells (for several comprehensive reviews see Refs. 1–11). The initial requisite for these insulin and IGF-1 dependent biological responses is the presence of specific high affinity receptor proteins capable of transducing the cell surface binding events into an intracellular signal. A key issue fundamental to all plasma membrane receptor-mediated events is the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the flow of information across the phospholipid bilayer. An implicit assumption is that the receptor complexes themselves contain the necessary structural information to transmit the extracellular binding event to a recognizable intracellular signal, namely activation of tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. Thus, a detailed understanding of the molecular properties of these receptor species is central in elucidating the ligand-dependent transmembrane signalling mechanism responsible for the pleiotrophic responses to hormone binding. We emphasize that although many investigators use the term transmembrane signalling in reference to the generation of second messengers and different receptor-mediated biological responses, we will use this term exclusively to refer to the ability of ligand binding to propagate an intramolecular transmembrane signal within the holoreceptor molecule itself.
Engaging global youth in participatory spatial data creation for the UN sustainable development goals: The case of open mapping for malaria prevention

Abstract Practitioners bemoan lack of data as one of the biggest obstacles to progress towards global sustainable development goals. This paper explores a scaled-up participatory method developed by YouthMappers, for creating missing geospatial data derived from remotely sensed imagery in order to contribute to persistent data needs in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We explore the application of this method to a case related to SDG 3 on Health. We document how our approach centered on creating a global academic network designed to engage and empower university students and their faculty mentors to participate in broader efforts to create open, free spatial data on open platforms to inform humanitarian and development objectives outlined by the funding agency, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). This approach expressly links supply and demand for geospatial knowledge by connecting specific needs for geographic information to specific development objectives in targeted places where USAID works to end extreme poverty. We discuss the rationale and context for the methodology as it draws from and builds upon prominent literature of participatory GIS (PGIS) and volunteered geographic information (VGI). We demonstrate how the mapping of building and road infrastructure in Mozambique and Kenya was carried out in order to provide information for an insecticide spray campaign to prevent malaria and protect public health. Throughout these efforts, steps are taken to ensure spatial data quality and to offer opportunities for youth volunteer embeddedness in mapping tasks and themes in places where students otherwise would not engage with real world data or connect with peers from different countries. We reflect on the opportunities and challenges for how this scaled-up “remote participatory sensing” approach to spatial data creation can inform development projects in the context of the SDGs.
Abstract LB-397: SMIP004-7: A novel oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor selectively kills Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells with metabolic vulnerabilities

Background The manifestation of metastases from Methods and Results Mammosphere assay (3D culture) for the enrichment of CD133+ CSCs in established breast cancer cell lines was performed. Overexpression of CD133+, as determined by flow cytometric analysis and immunoblot, correlated with an increased colonogenic, chemo-resistant, and invasive potential in vitro. This phenotype is concordant to that of CSCs in vivo. Our novel compound SMIP004-7, showed enhanced anti-cancer activity in 3D culture compared to its respective 2D monolayer cells in cytotoxicity assay. More specifically, we demonstrated that SMIP004-7 treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited oxygen-consumption and metabolically induced aerobic glycolysis, as well as oxidative stress determined through DCFH-DA, Glucose starvation experiment and OCR and ECAR assay. Remarkably, SMIP004-7 potently inhibited the propagation of TNBC-derived CSCs, with an IC50 of 1 μM, as measured using the mammosphere assay. Importantly, these results indicated that glycolysis itself is not sufficient to maintain the proliferation of CSCs, which is instead strictly dependent on mitochondrial function. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, our mechanistic and pharmacokinetic insights are relevant to understanding and developing the role of SMIP04-7 using mammosphere cultures, we propose that mitochondria are new therapeutic targets for eradicating cancer stem cells, to prevent tumor recurrence, metastasis and poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Our findings are in accordance with the hypothesis on dormant cells being CSCs. Citation Format: SHASHI JAIN, Dieter A. Wolf. SMIP004-7: A novel oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor selectively kills Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells with metabolic vulnerabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-397.
The vagina and the eye of power (essay on genitalia and visual sovereignty)

This article examines certain historical instances of the gyneco-scopic regime that established the rules and codes of perception, knowledge, and over-codification of the female body as a visible g...
FSO-VR: steerable free space optics link for virtual reality headsets

In near future, we expect the Virtual Reality (VR) headsets to be wireless and to be demanding data-rate up to Tbps, thus pushing RF technology to the limit. In this work, we explore the possibility of using steerable Free Space Optics (FSO) to create a wireless link between a wall-mounted static transceiver and a VR headset in motion with its user. We describe our architecture, develop a link emulator using off-the-shelf optical devices, analyze the response time of the system and its effect on tolerable motion of the VR headset. We describe an in-band feedback mechanism to track the laser beam between the transceivers in motion. We lay out additional challenges to tackle, so as to unleash the full potential of FSO communications for wearable devices like VR headset.
A Conversation Between Joanna Fowler and Johannes Czernin

![Figure][1] Joanna S. Fowler, PhD Johannes Czernin, editor in chief of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, earlier this year initiated a series of recorded discussions with leaders in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. For this issue, he talked with Joanna Fowler, PhD, senior chemist
Induced magnetic moments from a nearly spherical ocean

Abstract The five largest planets all have strong intrinsic magnetic fields that interact with their satellites, many of which contain electrically conducting materials on global scales. Conducting bodies exposed to time-varying magnetic fields induce secondary magnetic fields from movement of eddy currents. In the case of spherically symmetric conducting bodies, matching magnetic solutions at the boundary results in relatively simple relations between the excitation field and the induced field. In this work, we determine the more complicated induced magnetic field from a near-spherical conductor, where the outer boundary is expanded in spherical harmonics. Under the approximations that the excitation field is uniform at a single frequency, the product of wavenumber and radius for the body is large, and the average radius of the body is large compared to the perturbation from spherical symmetry, we find that each spherical harmonic in the shape expansion induces discrete magnetic moments that are independent from the other harmonics in the expansion. That is, simple superposition applies to the magnetic moments induced by each perturbation harmonic. We present a table of the magnetic moments induced by each spherical harmonic up to degree 2 in the perturbed shape. We also present a simple formula by which the induced magnetic field may be evaluated for any arbitrary shape described by expanding the radius of the conducting body in spherical harmonics. Unlike the Earth, many moons in the Solar System are tidally locked to their parent bodies, and many also contain saline, subsurface oceans. Conductive material in these moons is therefore expected to be non-spherical. Accounting for the boundary shape of Europa’s ocean will be critical for interpretation of Europa Clipper magnetic measurements near the moon, where the effects of quadrupole-and-higher magnetic moments will be most apparent. The results of this work permit magnetic studies considering non-spherical oceans of satellites for the first time.
Progress toward an Early Social Indicator for Infants and Toddlers.

Measures of young children’s social development are needed in the Multi-Tier System of Supports (MTSS) approach to early childhood. In 2004, we reported initial development of an observational meas...
Machine Learning Decomposition Onset Temperature of Lubricant Additives

The thermal stability of lubricant additives is a fundamental parameter in practical applications, which is determined by the molecular structure. The ability to predict thermal properties, particularly lubricant additives’ decomposition onset temperature, is of ultimate importance. We develop the Gaussian process regression model to present the relationship between molecular descriptors and onset temperature of decomposition of lubricant additives. This model is highly stable and accurate, which is promising as a fast, robust, and low-cost tool for estimating various types of lubricant additives’ decomposition onset temperature.