cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing Time Series Linearity: Traditional and Bootstrap Methods

Abstract We review the notion of time series linearity and describe recent advances in linearity and Gaussianity testing via data resampling methodologies. Many advances have been made since the first published tests of linearity and Gaussianity by Subba Rao and Gabr in 1980, including several resampling-based proposals. This chapter is intended to be instructive in explaining and motivating linearity testing. Recent results on the validity of the AR-sieve bootstrap for linearity testing are reviewed. In addition, a subsampling-based linearity and Gaussianity test is proposed where asymptotic consistency of the testing procedure is justified.
Use of a Defined Surgical Approach for the Debridement of Open Tibia Fractures.

Objectives To determine whether a defined approach for debridement of open tibia fractures would result in no change in reoperation rate, but reduce the need for flap coverage. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academic Level 1 trauma center. Patients A total of 66 patients with 68 open diaphyseal tibia fractures were included. Patients under the age of 18 and with orthopaedic trauma association open fracture classification (OTA-OFC) skin score of 3 were excluded. Intervention Debridement of the open fracture through direct extension of the traumatic wound or through a defined surgical interval. Main outcome measurements Number of operations. Need for soft-tissue transfer. Results A total of 47 patients had direct extension of the traumatic wound and 21 patients had a defined surgical approach. The groups had similar proportions of Gustilo-Anderson and OTA-OFC subtypes. The average number of surgeries, including index procedure, per patient was 1.96 in the direct extension group and 1.29 in the defined approach group (P = 0.026). Flap coverage was needed in 9 patients in the direct extension group and no patients in the defined approach group (P = 0.048). Conclusions A defined surgical approach to the debridement of open tibia fractures is safe and may reduce the need for flap coverage in select patients. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Therapies

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, but serious, complication encountered in patients treated with a select number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) utilized in treating multiple sclerosis (MS). PML results from a viral infection in the brain for which the only demonstrated effective therapy is restoring the perturbed immune system-typically achieved in the patient with MS by removing the offending therapeutic agent or, in the case of HIV-associated PML, treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapies. Other therapies for PML remain either ineffective or experimental. Significant work to understand the virus and host interaction has been undertaken, but lack of an animal model for the disorder has significantly hindered progress, especially with respect to development of treatments. Strategies to limit risk of PML with natalizumab, a drug that carries a uniquely high risk for the development of the disorder, have been developed. Identifying factors such as positive JC virus antibody status that increase PML risk, at least in theory, should decrease the incidence rate of the disease. Whether other risk factors for PML can be identified and validated or unique strategies should be employed in association with other DMTs that predispose to PML and whether this has a salutary effect on outcome remains to be demonstrated. Identifying PML early, then promptly eliminating drug in the case of natalizumab-associated PML has demonstrated better outcomes, but the complication of PML continues to carry significant morbidity and mortality. While the scientific community has yet to identify targeted therapy with proven efficacy against JCV or PML there are several candidates being studied.
Implications of Shock Effects in Iron Meteorites

The shock loading history of iron meteorites seems to alter profoundly their solid state response to annealing at moderate temperatures. This permits certain conclusions about the history of these iron meteorites to be drawn.
Which way did he go? Film lateral movement and spectator interpretation:

Elements of on-screen motion in film hold specific meanings and contexts depending on their usage in the moving image. The common wisdom that left-to-right is primary, preferred, and evaluated as more positive has not been directly tested with spectator responses. This study focuses on how film spectators interpret lateral motion, comparing left-to-right and right-to-left. A posttest only experimental design utilized footage from a short film as the stimulus. Participants completed a questionnaire after watching the sequence, answering items concerning affective and perceptual evaluations of the sequence. ANOVAs showed a significant difference between the experimental groups on the Positive Affect spectator evaluation scale and the Activity scale, such that right-to-left motion was perceived more negatively and as less active. There were no differences in the Uniqueness scale. Additionally, the study found no support for potential moderating impacts of religion or psychometric characteristics, indicating ...
Direct payments and personal budgets: Putting personalization into practice.

In their third edition of their assessment of welfare reform in the United Kingdom, Glasby and Littlefield adopt a less optimistic assessment of changes to adult social care that were initiated by ...
“Cabin’d, Cribb’ed, Confin’d”: Images of Thwarted Motion in Macbeth

In this chapter, Crane considers how close analysis of kinesic effects in literature might be differentiated from traditional new critical close reading. She argues that literary kinesis involves pre-conscious effects of motor resonance that may not always be in line with conscious commentary on images of movement in a given text. Shakespeare’s Macbeth offers a case in point. While the dominant critical response to the play has emphasized an experience of headlong speed, Crane traces an even more powerful nexus of images that resonate with feelings of choking, thwarted movement and entrapment. She argues that critical emphasis on speed is correlated with moral judgment of the Macbeths, and that pre-conscious resonance with images of stifling confinement may prompt an uncomfortable (therefore repressed) identification with them.
Unboundedness of Bose Fields in a One-Dimensional Model World

Nontrivial chiral Bose fields living on a light ray are necessarily unbounded. The only bounded Fermi fields are free fields.
The Economics of Standardization: A Guide for Non-Economics

Recently, economists have begun to analyze market issues raised by compatibility problems. In this paper I summarize, for non-economists, economists' recent thinking about standards. I describe several economic questions about standards, and say briefly how we economists think about them. Then I explain why standards-related problems may suggest some fundamental changes in how economists think about the economy's ability to satisfy people's wants. This matters to everyone, because economists, and their students who become politicians, often choose policy on the basis of general arguments, drawn from a sense about how “the economy” works rather than from specific analysis of a problem. So you should know how economists get that sense, and why it may not apply in the standards world.
Effects of Retinoids on Expression of the Protooncogene c-myb in Rat Sertoli Cells

Publisher Summary Vitamin A deficiency results in abnormal cell growth and differentiation, and its derivatives—retinol or retinoic acid—restore normal function in most tissues. The ability of retinoic acid to regulate the expression of a variety of protooncogenes such as c-myc, c-myb, and c-jun suggests that these transcription factors are coupled to the regulatory pathways involved in retinoid action. Myb—the nuclear protein product of c-myb—is a high-affinity DNA-binding protein that exhibits both transactivator and transrepressor activity associated with cell growth and differentiation. This chapter describes the transient up-regulation of c-myb mRNA in the rat Sertoli cell in response to vitamin A stimulation. The significant rise in the message for the transcription factor suggests that the nuclear protein Myb may mediate retinol-inducible gene expression. Myb can initiate regulatory changes in the genetic program of the Sertoli cell via transcriptional control. It is demonstrated in this chapter that, the c-myb protooncogene is expressed in cultured rat Sertoli cells and that its expression is stimulated by both retinol and retinoic acid.
Simulation Analysis of Split Connection Mode System Control for XiMeng to TaiZhou UHVDC Project

XiMeng to TaiZhou (abbr. XT) ±800kV UHVDC (Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) transmission project, with rated power 10000MW, is the first HVDC project high voltage and low voltage converter spilt connection to 500kV and 1000kV power grid. In view of the rectifier and inverter side AC system weak characteristics of in the primary operation stage, the converter station bus voltage control strategy puts forward before and after the HVDC system deblock by system simulating calculation analysis in the primary operation conditions. For split connection mode control function, it is analyzed that is the basic control performance of high and low voltage converter split connection to 500kV/1000kV AC power grid, the simulation calculation model is established. The performance of the deblock, power/current step response, AC/DC line ground fault and monopole start/stop in reversed power direction has been carried out simulating research. The XT UHVDC system and equipment performance and the secondary control protection function got verified, the improved control strategy of commutation failure in inverter side was put forward. Through the simulation analysis and test, it is suggested that reversed power direction mode temporarily not arrange because the XiMeng side system is very weak and AC/DC voltage and current fluctuate greatly. Those research results are used in the process of XT project system test, in order to provide technical support for system stability operational stage in primary operation stage.
Final analysis of a phase II study of MRI based functional imaging of bone metastases in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving cabozantinib.

213Background: Cabozantinib (C) is a small molecule inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR-2, c-MET. C trials have shown significant improvements in bone pain and bone scintigraphy ...
VARIOUS TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various topological spaces. A T 1 -space is characterized as a topological space in which every point forms a closed set. The chapter discusses the proposition that characterizes T 2 -spaces. A topological space R is a T 2 -space if every filter converges to at most one point. Every topological space with the weakest topology is not a T 1 -space if it contains at least two points. Tychonoff's imbedding theorem states that a topological space R is completely regular if it is homeomorphic with a subspace of the product space of the copies of the unit segment. A property that distinguishes normal and fully normal spaces from spaces is that a subspace of a normal space is not necessarily normal. Furthermore, the product space of two fully normal spaces is not necessarily normal. The chapter also discusses Urysohn's lemma. A topological space is compact only if it satisfies the conditions (1) every closed collection with finite intersection property has a non-empty intersection, (2) every filter of R has a cluster point, and (3) every maximal filter of R converges.
Novel use of syndromic surveillance to monitor the impact of synthetic cannabinoid control measures on morbidity.

Using data from syndromic surveillance, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) identified an increase in the number of emergency department (ED) visits related to synthetic cannabinoids. Syndromic surveillance data were used to target community-level interventions and assess the real-time impact of control measures in reducing synthetic cannabinoid (“K2”)-related morbidity. From April 2015 through September 2015, DOHMH implemented 3 separate interventions to reduce K2-related morbidity by limiting the availability of K2 products. Difference-in-difference analyses compared pre- and post-intervention differences in cannabinoid-related ED visit rates between neighborhoods and controls for Interventions A and B. City-wide count data were used to compare K2-related ED visits before and after Intervention C. Syndromic data showed a reduction in K2-related ED visits following the 3 interventions. Respective decreases in rates of synthetic cannabinoid-related ED visits of 33 and 38% were detected at the neighborhood-level due to Interventions A and B, respectively. A decrease of 29% was calculated at the city level following Intervention C. In addition to identifying emerging public health concerns, syndromic data can provide valuable real-time evidence on the effectiveness of public health interventions.
Obesity: Psychosomatic Illness Review: No. 2 in a series

Abstract The author reviews recent advances in understanding the etiology of obesity and outlines a detailed procedure for patient assessment, including a psychiatric history. Three innovative treatments of obesity are described: Patients who are 30% to 100% over ideal body weight can expect significant weight loss, on the protein-sparing modified fast; morbidly obese individuals usually lose one third of their weight with bypass procedures; and behavior modification, although it produces only modest initial weight loss, may prove to be very effective as part of a weight maintenance program after weight loss has been achieved. The protein-sparing modified fast and bypass procedures both have significant associated risks, but they represent an important step forward in achieving medically significant weight losses.
Simulation Modeling Platform Provides a Powerful Tool for Identifying Optimal Traits and Management Practices for Wheat Production

Global demand for food security places an emphasis on the need to improve crop yield. The complexity of plant development and its interaction with dynamic growing environments and management practices challenges our ability to select optimal crop genotypes based solely on yield, placing a
Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A 17-Year Review.

Abstract Purpose To review safety and efficacy of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for treatment of hemoptysis in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to report 30-day, 1-year, and 3-year outcomes. Materials and Methods Between January 2001 and April 2018, 242 patients with CF were evaluated for hemoptysis. Thirty-eight BAEs were performed in 28 patients with hemoptysis. Technical success was defined as freedom from repeat embolization and hemoptysis-related mortality. Clinical success was defined as freedom from repeat embolization and mortality from any cause. Technical and clinical success were examined at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years after initial BAE. Mean patient age was 32 years, and median follow-up was 4.8 years (range, 10 mo to 16.7 y). Results Technical and clinical success rates at 30 days were 89% (25/28) and 82% (23/28), respectively. Success rates at 1 year were 86% (24/28) and 79% (22/28), respectively, and at 3 years were 82% (23/28) and 75% (21/28), respectively. The 30-day overall complication rate was 7.9% (3/38) with 2.6% (1/38) major complication rate and 5.2% (2/38) minor complication rate. Overall 3-year mortality rate was 25% (7/28). Conclusions BAE is safe and effective in patients with CF presenting with life-threatening hemoptysis. BAE results in high rates of long-term technical and clinical success in this patient population despite progressive chronic disease. Repeat embolization is necessary only in a minority of patients.
Screening With Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Increased Iron Sufficiency Among NICU Patients.

Introduction To increase the rate of iron sufficiency among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients from 16% to >35% within 12 months of implementing standardized assessment of reticulocyte hemoglobin (retHE). Methods We implemented a quality improvement (QI) study to improve iron sufficiency in our out-born level III/IV NICU. We screened 2,062 admissions, of which 622 were eligible based on feeding status at discharge. QI interventions included educational efforts and guideline implementation. Our primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with their discharge retHE measure within the normal range. We also tracked the process measure of the number of retHE tests performed and a balancing measure of the incidence of elevated retHE among patients receiving iron supplementation. Statistical process control (SPC) charts assessed for special cause variation. Results The percentage of patients with a retHe within the normal range was significantly increased from a mean of 20% to 39% on SPC chart analysis. We measured significantly more retHE values after guideline implementation (11/mo to 24/mo) and found no cases of elevated retHE among patients receiving iron supplementation. Conclusions After the implementation of a standardized guideline, a higher rate of iron sufficiency was found in NICU patients at discharge. This work is generalizable to neonatal populations with the potential for a significant impact on clinical practice.
Self-Focused Attention as a Predictor of Post-event and Anticipatory Processing: Examination of a Moderation Model

Clark and Wells (1995) developed a cognitive model of social anxiety, in which a number of cognitive processes are proposed to be related to the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Previous studies have consistently found an association between two of the most extensively studied components of this model, self-focused attention and post-event processing. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential moderators of this association using a moderated moderation model, in which maladaptive self-beliefs and social anxiety were hypothesized to moderate the association between self-focused attention and post-event processing. Based on responses to self-report measures completed by a large, non-referred sample, support was found for the moderated moderation model. As expected, negative self-beliefs moderated this association, with social anxiety emerging as a secondary moderator. Interestingly, the model also applied to the association between self-focused attention and anticipatory processing. Overall, the findings provide insight into the cognitive processes associated with engagement in post-event processing and may inform clinicians working with individuals with social anxiety.
Participation Dilemma: The Logic of Voter Turnout in Authoritarian Elections

Why do the electorate vote or abstain from voting under competitive authoritarianism? Elite rent seeking and rent distribution are recognized as main determinants of turnout in authoritarian elections, but the logic of voting decision on the side of an oppositional electorate remains understudied. I argue that when the discontent majority's cooperation is needed for producing spoils, the opposition are more likely to participate in authoritarian voting, expecting a credible rent sharing scheme afterwards. Collaborative rent generation and rent sharing schemes consolidate when highly skilled labor becomes indispensable to the authorities; such schemes break down when a resource-based economy takes hold. District-level data from a pervasive modernizing intervention in Iran, The White Revolution, between 1954 and 1975, while demonstrating signs of a resource curse on turnout, show rising literacy to exert a robustly significant and positive effect on turnout under authoritarianism, hence confirming the predictions of the authoritarian turnout model herein.
Deep Learning for Hierarchical Severity Staging of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries from MRI.

The deep learning pipeline in this study may lend toward diagnostic worklist prioritization, standardization, and generalizability in assessing anterior cruciate ligament lesions, in addition to im...
Benzene and p-Xylene: A Comparison of Inhalation Toxicities and in Vitro Hydroxylations

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, cumene, mesitylene, toluene, and p-xylene are widely used as solvents in the chemical industry. They are also found in common household supplies such as paint removers, degreasing agents, lacquers, insecticides, and pesticides. In addition to the individual solvents, these solvents are often found as contaminants of one another.
Emerging adults' intersecting experiences of food insecurity, unsafe neighbourhoods and discrimination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how food insecurity is related to emerging adults' food behaviours and experiences of neighbourhood safety and discrimination and to identify resources needed to support their health during the COVID-19 outbreak. DESIGN: Rapid response online survey. Participants completed the six-item US Household Food Security Survey Module, a brief measure of food insufficiency, and measures of food behaviours, neighbourhood safety and discrimination. Open-ended questions were used to assess changes in eating behaviours during COVID-19 and needed resources. SETTING: C-EAT (COVID-19 Eating and Activity over Time) study invitations were sent by email and text message to a longitudinal cohort. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 218 emerging adults (mean age = 24·6 (sd 2·0) years, 70·2 % female) completed a survey in April-May 2020 during a stay-at-home order in Minnesota. RESULTS: The past year prevalence of food insecurity was 28·4 %. Among food-insecure respondents, 41·0 % reported both eating less and experiencing hunger due to lack of money in the past month. Food-insecure respondents were less likely than those who were food secure to have fruits/vegetables at home and more likely to have frequent fast-food restaurant meals, feel unsafe in their neighbourhood and experience discrimination during the stay-at-home order. Food-insecure adults reported changes including eating more food prepared at home, eating more take-out restaurant meals and purchasing more energy-dense snacks as a result of events related to COVID-19. Resources most needed to support their health included eligibility for more food assistance and relief funds. CONCLUSIONS: Food-insecure emerging adults experience many barriers to maintaining healthful eating patterns during COVID-19.
SN 2002bu?Another SN 2008S-like Transient

We observed supernova (SN) 2002bu in the near-IR with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the mid-IR with the Spitzer Space Telescope, and in X-rays with Swift 10 years after the explosion. If the faint L H ~ 102 L ☉ HST near-IR source at the transient position is the near-IR counterpart of SN 2002bu, then the source has dramatically faded between 2004 and 2012, from L 106.0 L ☉ to L 104.5 L ☉. It is still heavily obscured, τ V 5 in graphitic dust models, with almost all the energy radiated in the mid-IR. The radius of the dust emission is increasing as Rt 0.7 ± 0.4 and the optical depth is dropping as τ V t –1.3 ± 0.4. The evolution expected for an expanding shell of material, τ V t –2, is ruled out at approximately 2σ, while the τ V t –0.8 to t –1 optical depth scaling for a shock passing through a pre-existing wind is consistent with the data. If the near-IR source is a chance superposition, the present-day source can be moderately more luminous, significantly more obscured and evolving more slowly. While we failed to detect X-ray emission, the X-ray flux limits are consistent with the present-day emissions being powered by an expanding shock wave. SN 2002bu is clearly a member of the SN 2008S class of transients, but continued monitoring of the evolution of the spectral energy distribution is needed to conclusively determine the nature of the transient.
Development and application of an innovative instrument to assess work environment factors for injury prevention in the food service industry.

Background With the growth the food service industry and associated high injury and illness rates, there is a need to assess workplace factors that contribute to injury prevention. Objective The objective of this report is to describe the development, application, and utility of a new instrument to evaluate ergonomics and safety for food service workers. Methods Starting with a similar tool developed for use in healthcare, a new tool was designed through a collaborative, participatory process with the stakeholders from a collaborating food service company. The new instrument enables the identification and assessment of key safety and health factors through a focused walkthrough of the physical work environment, and structured interviews exploring the organizational work environment. The researchers applied the instrument at 10 of the partnering company's worksites. Results The instrument identified factors related to both the physical work environment and organizational and contextual environment (e.g., vendor-client relationships) impacting worker safety and health. Conclusions Modern assessment approaches should address both the physical and organizational aspects of the work environment, and consider the context complexities in which the worksites and the industry operate.
Bayesian probability

Bayesian decision theory is here construed as explicating a particular concept of rational choice and Bayesian probability is taken to be the concept of probability used in that theory. Bayesian probability is usually identified with the agent’s degrees of belief but that interpretation makes Bayesian decision theory a poor explication of the relevant concept of rational choice. A satisfactory conception of Bayesian decision theory is obtained by taking Bayesian probability to be an explicatum for inductive probability given the agent’s evidence.
Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers

Professional athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts are at increased risk for developing a progressive neurological syndrome known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome and neuropathology seen on autopsy called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The early identification of individuals at increased risk for CTE is important and the search for biomarkers is underway. In this study, we utilized data from a large cohort study to compare differences in regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, voxel-based morphometric (VBM)-derived measures, and graph-theoretical measures derived from large-scale topographical maps in active professional boxers. We compared the above morphometric measures between active professional boxers with low cognitive scores (impaired boxers) and active professional boxers with intact cognitive scores (nonimpaired boxers). The cognitive scores were evaluated through neuropsychological evaluation. As an exploratory analysis, we also examined the power of various machine-learning algorithms to identify impaired and nonimpaired boxers using both group-level regression-driven analysis and previously identified hypothesis-driven cortical thickness and volumetric measures. We found significant group-level differences between impaired and nonimpaired boxers in cortical thickness in a single brain region (right precuneus), differences in VBM-derived gray matter density encompassing the caudate, putamen, and thalamus; and white matter density encompassing the right paracentral lobule, but no differences in any graph-theoretical network properties. Additionally, we found that a priori hypothesis-driven T1-derived cortical thickness and volumetric analysis performed better than traditional regression-based analysis. Overall, this study suggests that neuroanatomical differences exist between impaired and nonimpaired active professional boxers, and that hypothesis-driven techniques are likely necessary to become reliable biomarkers.
New Applications and Results of Superimposed Code Theory Arising from the Potentialities of Molecular Biology

Superimposed codes (SC) were introduced by Kautz-Singleton (1964) [1], who worked out the important constructive methods. Dyachkov-Rykov [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] and Erdos-Frankl-Furedi [7] obtained upper and lower bounds on the rate of SC. Dyachkov-Macula-Rykov [8, 9, 10, 11] investigated the development of constructions for SC (nonadaptive pooling designs) intended for the clone-library screening problem. (See Balding-Torney [12] and Knill-Bruno-Torney [13]). In this paper, we give an introduction to the problem and a detailed survey of our recent results on constructive methods of SC. We discuss superimposed distance codes and list-decoding superimposed codes.
Implementation of an evidence-based stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol in the ICU

Stress ulcer prophylaxis is one of the most common medications used in the intensive care setting. Despite well-established risk factors and guidelines, most critical care physicians use prophylaxis therapy inappropriately. In the absence of a standard of care, we evaluated the efficacy, safety, and potential cost savings of an evidence-based stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol in the surgical ICU (SICU). We conducted a prospective, clinical study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chicago. One hundred and nine patients admitted to the SICU were screened daily for 12 risk factors of stress ulceration and followed until discharge from the unit. Patients with at least one identified risk factor were started on famotidine. Prophylaxis was discontinued when risk factors were no longer present and/or the patient tolerated at least 50% of his/her daily caloric need. Data collected included patient demographics, daily risk factor assessment, number of doses received, nutritional intake, estimated creatinine clearance, and adverse outcomes. Comparison data was collected for the 109 patients admitted to the SICU prior to the adoption of our protocol. Of the 109 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 99 required stress ulcer prophylaxis per our protocol. The most common risk factors were major cardiovascular or abdominal operation within 48 hours, mechanical ventilation greater than 48 hours, and intolerance to enteral feeding. A comparison of pre-protocol versus post-protocol implementation revealed an average SICU length of stay of 5.2 vs 8 days (P = 0.003), an average duration of prophylaxis therapy of 5 vs 4 days (P = 0.02), and an average number of doses administered per patient of 8.6 vs 5.7 (P = 0.001), respectively. This translated into a cost difference per patient of $4.53 vs $3.84 (P = 0.02). Efficacy and safety analysis revealed six adverse drug reactions, with one treatment failure documented by a clinically significant bleed requiring transfusion (0.92% incidence), and five incidents of thrombocytopenia (0.01% incidence) for which famotidine could not be ruled out as a causative agent. These findings are consistent with previously established adverse reactions associated with histamine-2 receptor blockers. Pantoprazole was subsequently initiated in all six cases. Our midpoint data analysis suggests that our evidence-based protocol is a safe and efficacious tool for the standardization of stress ulcer prophylaxis in an ICU. Although potential cost savings may be minimal, the reduction of unnecessary medication administration, prevention of potential drug-drug interactions, and recognition of patient risk factors through the use of a stress ulcer prophylaxis protocol are achieved.
Isotope effect in gas-surface vibrational energy transfer: Cyclopropane and cyclopropane-d6 isomerization by the VEM technique

Abstract The relation between molecular structure and efficiency of vibrational energy transfer between gas molecules and a surface has been extended to the pair cyclopropane/cyclopropane- d 6 . The latter is less efficient in energy loss , as corresponds to its greater vibralional eigenstate density Conversely, the probability of up-transitions is enhanced.
Cytogenetic Studies of Precocious Meiotic Centromere Division in Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.

N the normal course of meiosis chromosome division is completed at the beginIning of AI1 and the sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles. When division occurs earlier, it is regularly associated with the presence of unpaired chromosomes in late PI or at MI and is very likely stimulated by this lack of pairing. Rarely precocious division may take place in the absence of reduced pairing. Unpaired meiotic chromosomes are present in organisms deviating from the diploid chromosome complement, in species hybrids with reduced chromosome homology, and in asynaptics. At AI in monosomics the univalent divides in almost all cells (OLMO 1936; SEARS 1952) or in about half of them (MORRISON 1953). The univalents of haploids usually segregate randomly to the poles during AI dividingrarely at this stage (BELLING 1927; IVANOV 1938; LEVAN 1942,1945). In a few haploids the unpaired chromosomes divide frequently in AI (GAINES and AASE 1926; LESLEY and FROST 1928). The reduction of pairing in trisomics, polyploids, and species hybrids can lead to univalents at MI, but their behavior as to time of division is often quite irregular even in the same material (LESLEY 1928; MCCLINTOCK 1929; UPCOTT 1935).
Distance Geometry Optimization for Protein Structures

We study the performance of the {\dgs} code for the solution of distance geometry problems with lower and upper bounds on distance constraints. The {\dgs} code uses only a sparse set of distance constraints, while other algorithms tend to work with a dense set of constraints either by imposing additional bounds or by deducing bounds from the given bounds. Our computational results show that protein structures can be determined by solving a distance geometry problem with {\dgs} and that the approach based on {\dgs} is significantly more reliable and efficient than multi-starts with an optimization code.
Valence Tautomerization of High-Valent Manganese(V)-Oxo Corrole Induced by Protonation of the Oxo Ligand

The addition of an organic acid to the manganese(V)-oxo corrole complex (tpfc)Mn(V)(O) (tpfc = 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole) induces valence tautomerization resulting in the formation of (tpfc(+•))Mn(IV)(OH) in acetonitrile at 298 K. The corrole radical cation manganese(IV) hydroxo complex has been fully characterized by EPR, (1)H NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The reactivity of the valence tautomer (tpfc(+•))Mn(IV)(OH) is compared to that of (tpfc)Mn(V)(O) in three reaction types: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), electron transfer (ET), and oxygen atom transfer (OAT). (tpfc(+•))Mn(IV)(OH) shows a dramatic 5 orders of magnitude enhancement in the rate of ET but surprisingly does not undergo OAT with PhSMe. The high-valent (tpfc)Mn(V)(O) complex is moderately more reactive toward HAT with substituted phenol and shows superior activity in OAT.
Diagonalization modulo a class of Orlicz ideals

Abstract We consider a class of norm ideals C G which are non-commutative analogues of Orlicz spaces and which satisfy a previously introduced condition called (QK). We give a spectral condition which is necessary and sufficient for a commuting tuple of self-adjoint operators A = ( A 1 , … , A n ) to be simultaneously diagonalizable modulo C G .
Protecting privacy while revealing data

The coming use of genetic information to personalize medical treatments has the negative flip side of allowing finer-grained distinctions by insurance companies of the individuals concerned. Genetics introduces a further complication in that information about one person is statistically relevant for that person’s relatives as well, due to their common genetic characteristics. Thus, even if one person is not concerned about revealing genetic information, it may nevertheless be a concern for some relatives.
Adaptive Classification for Hyperspectral Image Data Using Manifold Regularization Kernel Machines

Localized training data typically utilized to develop a classifier may not be fully representative of class signatures over large areas but could potentially provide useful information which can be updated to reflect local conditions in other areas. An adaptive classification framework is proposed for this purpose, whereby a kernel machine is first trained with labeled data and then iteratively adapted to new data using manifold regularization. Assuming that no class labels are available for the data for which spectral drift may have occurred, resemblance associated with the clustering condition on the data manifold is used to bridge the change in spectra between the two data sets. Experiments are conducted using spatially disjoint data in EO-1 Hyperion images, and the results of the proposed framework are compared to semisupervised kernel machines.
A Method for Predicting Collagen Fiber Realignment in Non-Planar Tissue Surfaces as Applied to Glenohumeral Capsule During Clinically Relevant Deformation

Previously developed experimental methods to characterize micro-structural tissue changes under planar mechanical loading may not be applicable for clinically relevant cases. Such limitation stems from the fact that soft tissues, represented by two-dimensional surfaces, generally do not undergo planar deformations in vivo. To address the problem, a method was developed to directly predict changes in the collagen fiber distribution of nonplanar tissue surfaces following 3D deformation. Assuming that the collagen fiber distribution was known in the un-deformed configuration via experimental methods, changes in the fiber distribution were predicted using 3D deformation. As this method was solely based on kinematics and did not require solving the stress balance equations, the computational efforts were much reduced. In other words, with the assumption of affine deformation, the deformed collagen fiber distribution was calculated using only the deformation gradient tensor (obtained via an in-plane convective curvilinear coordinate system) and the associated un-deformed collagen fiber distribution. The new method was then applied to the glenohumeral capsule during simulated clinical exams. To quantify deformation, positional markers were attached to the capsule and their 3D coordinates were recorded in the reference position and three clinically relevant joint positions. Our results showed that at 60deg of external rotation, the glenoid side of the posterior axillary pouch had significant changes in fiber distribution in comparison to the other sub-regions. The larger degree of collagen fiber alignment on the glenoid side suggests that this region is more prone to injury. It also compares well with previous experimental and clinical studies indicating maximum principle strains to be greater on the glenoid compared to the humeral side. An advantage of the new method is that it can also be easily applied to map experimentally measured collagen fiber distribution (obtained via methods that require flattening of tissue) to their in vivo nonplanar configuration. Thus, the new method could be applied to many other nonplanar fibrous tissues such as the ocular shell, heart valves, and blood vessels.
A New Mechanism for Metal Ion-assisted Interchain Helix Assembly in a Naturally Occurring Peptide Mediated by Optimally Spaced γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Residues

Abstract Helix–helix interactions, such as those that occur in coiled-coil domains, four-helix bundles, or membrane-spanning helical bundles, are important to the structural organization and function of numerous proteins. However, tractable peptide models for studying such structural elements have been limited to synthetic analogs of coiled-coil protein domains and de novo designed peptides. The present study provides evidence that conantokin-G (con-G), a γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla)-rich neuroactive peptide from a venomous marine snail, can self-associate in the presence of certain divalent metal cations. Sedimentation equilibrium analyses of con-G show that Ca 2+ binding promotes peptide dimerization, while the addition of the tighter binding divalent cations, Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ , does not result in intermolecular association. The effects of specific residue replacements indicate that an i , i +4, i +7, i +11 arrangement of Gla residues is essential for con-G self-assembly. To determine the relative chain orientation of the dimeric assembly, distributions of Cys-containing con-G variants were examined in thiol-disulfide rearrangement assays and the results were consistent with an antiparallel alignment. Our data suggest that the driving force for con-G dimerization stems from the appropriate balance of interchain and intrachain metal ion coordination by Gla residues in similar locations. These findings suggest a new role for Gla residues and accompanying cation binding in the stabilization of interstrand helix association in a natural product and provide a model for controlled assembly of peptide chains or segments of larger proteins.
Natural Enemies of the Melon Fly, Dacus Curcurbitae Coq. in Hawaii

When the melon fly, Dacus {Strumeta) cucurbitae Coq., appeared in Hawaii towards the close of the nineteenth century, it thrived exceedingly well in its new environment and became a serious pest of many agricultural crops. In an effort to reduce its numbers to a level where the melon fly would not be able to cause serious damage to economic crops, intermittent attempts have been made to introduce natural enemies. In addition to these natural enemies there are others which were introduced to combat other insects, but which were later found to attack the melon fly. There are also other natural enemies of the melon fly which apparently became established in Hawaii without the intentional aid of man. This assemblage of various species constitutes a complex of natural enemies which have become in a relatively short period an integral part of the ecosystem.
When Bureaucrats Get the Blues: Responses to Dissatisfaction Among Federal Employees

Rusbult and Farrell's general model of responses to job dissatisfaction is utilized to assess reactions to declining satisfaction among public sector employees. Four general categories of response-exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect-are described and explored. Data from the “Federal Employee Attitude Survey, 1979” were examined to evaluate the predictive ability of the Rusbult and Farrell model. Consistent with their model, higher levels of employee satisfaction and greater degree of investment size encouraged tendencies toward voice and loyalty while discouraging exit and neglect. Also, higher quality job alternatives promoted exit and voice while inhibiting neglectful tendencies. Contrary to predictions, better alternatives also encouraged loyalist responding. The implications of these findings in light of increasing dissatisfaction in the federal bureaucracy are discussed.
ELASTIC NET FOR COX'S PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL WITH A SOLUTION PATH ALGORITHM

For least squares regression, Efron et al. (2004) proposed an efficient solution path algorithm, the least angle regression (LAR). They showed that a slight modification of the LAR leads to the whole LASSO solution path. Both the LAR and LASSO solution paths are piecewise linear. Recently Wu (2011) extended the LAR to generalized linear models and the quasi-likelihood method. In this work we extend the LAR further to handle Cox's proportional hazards model. The goal is to develop a solution path algorithm for the elastic net penalty (Zou and Hastie (2005)) in Cox's proportional hazards model. This goal is achieved in two steps. First we extend the LAR to optimizing the log partial likelihood plus a fixed small ridge term. Then we define a path modification, which leads to the solution path of the elastic net regularized log partial likelihood. Our solution path is exact and piecewise determined by ordinary differential equation systems.
Liquid-phase epitaxial growth of InP and InGaAsP alloys

Abstract Liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has been used to grow high-quality layers of InP and InGaAsP alloys on InP substrates for a wide variety of device-development and physical-measurement applications. An apparatus featuring a transparent furnace and an atmosphere with controlled amounts of H 2 , PH 3 and H 2 O has proved to be flexible enough for diverse crystal growth requirements. Carrier concentration vs temperature measurements on LPE-grown InP and InGaAsP samples with N D - N A in the low 10 15 cm -3 range show that they contain a moderate concentration of deep donors. There is evidence that these deep donor states also account for a strong peak in the photoluminescence seen in LPE-grown samples. Substrate-orientation studies have shown that critically oriented substrates improve the morphology for growth of heavily Zn-doped InP.
The U.S. Economic Crisis: From a Profitability Crisis to an Overindebtedness Crisis

This paper argues that the fundamental cause of the current economic crisis in the U.S. economy was a significant long-term decline in the rate of profit from the 1950s to the 1970s. Capitalists re...
Non-invasively derived respiratory severity score and oxygenation index in ventilated newborn infants.

Objective To evaluate the association between the Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) and Oxygenation Index (OI) in intubated, mechanically ventilated, newborn infants. Study Design In a retrospective cohort study (December 2006 to June 2010) medical records of all infants who were admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and required invasive mechanical ventilation were reviewed for patients' demographics, ventilator settings, and arterial blood gas (ABG). Results During the study period 2,332 infants were admitted to our NICU, and 425 infants were intubated and had an ABG with a gestational age of 30.5 ± 4.9 weeks and a birth weight of 1,635 ± 923 g (mean ± standard deviation). There was a strong association between RSS and OI in infants with oxygen saturation (SaO2) between 88% and 94% (R2 = 0.982, n = 101; P < 0.001). Conclusion In intubated newborn infants, there is a strong association between RSS and OI at SaO2 between 88% and 94%. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:364–369. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tidal breathing technique for induction of anaesthesia with high concentration of sevoflurane, isoflurane or halothane in infants undergoing cardiac surgery

Aims nduction characteristics of sevoflurane were compared with isoflurane and halothane in 45 acyanotic infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Periphyton of Native and Restored Everglades Marl Prairies

Periphyton mats are an important component of the Everglades ecosystem. These mats are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen; however little attention has been paid to this function throughout much of the Everglades system. The objective of this study was to characterize and quantify periphyton N2 fixation in the Hole-in-the-Donut (HID) region of the southern Everglades, where farmed marl prairie wetlands have been restored through complete soil removal to reduce nutrient levels. Significantly higher N2 fixation rates (measured acetylene reduction) were found in periphyton of the areas cleared in 2000 and 2003 (3–10 nmol g−1 DW h−1) compared to the reference wetland site (less than 1 nmol g−1 DW h−1). Overall rates were stimulated by light (~2 times the measured dark rates). Areal estimates of fixed N were low compared to other Everglades, ranging from 0.1–0.2 g N m−2 yr−1 in the restored sites to 0.05 g N m−2 yr−1 in the reference area. Stable N isotopic ratios (i.e., δ15 N) ranged from −1.0‰ to 0.2‰ and were correlated with nitrogenase activity and TN:TP ratios. These findings suggest that periphyton nitrogenase activity and δ15 N could serve as indicators of nutrient status and restoration success in these systems.