cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minced Meat Crabcake from Blue Crab Processing Byproducts—Development and Sensory Evaluation

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of minced meat, mechanically separated from blue crab processing by-product, were determined. Sensory evaluation was performed on crabcakes with various combinations of claw mince/meat (CMM), surimi, and functional soy protein concentrate (SPC). Separation produced 50–58% food-grade mince from picking table by-products and 49% from undersized claws. Claw mince had lower microbial concentrations than the composite picking table by-products. Crabby and beany flavors were influenced (p<0.05) by the CMM ratio but not by SPC. No significant differences were observed for textural characteristics using various levels of CMM. Sensory firmness and cohesiveness scores marginally correlated (p<0.1) with Instron compressive force measurements. Food-grade undersized crab claw mince can be used in value-added products.
Social interaction: Dynamic matrix for developing behavioral organization

The process of early development is described as the sequential negotiation of hierarchical issues or organism differentiation and integration, embedded in the interaction of infant and caregiver.
Facilitating Authentic Reasoning About Complex Systems in Middle School Science Education

Abstract In order to tackle problems in the modern world, individuals must possess a strong ability to reason about and understand complex systems in a practical and useful way. Past research has indicated that experts and novices possess fundamentally different kinds of understanding of complex systems. Therefore, to adequately prepare students to address problems pertaining to complex systems, it is important to help them acquire an authentic expert- like understanding of these systems. We approach this problem from two angles: first, we create an interactive environment in which students may investigate complex systems in a manner similar to that of scientists and engineers; secondly, we embed metacognitive agents in the interactive environments such that the agents provide situated guidance towards expert-like understanding of complex systems. In this paper, we detail the design of these two systems, referred to as MILA and MeTA respectively, and the way in which they help students obtain a more authentic and advanced understanding of complex systems. We also briefly describe the deployments of these tools in a science summer camp for middle school students and preliminary results of students’ interaction with them.
On the utility of historical project statistics for cost and schedule estimation: results from a simulation-based case study

Abstract Estimating the duration and cost of software projects has traditionally been, and continues to be, fraught with peril. This is in spite of the fact that over the last decade a large number of quantitative software estimation models have been developed. Our objective in this article is to challenge two fundamental assumptions that underlie research practices in the area of software estimation, which may be directly contributing to the industry's poor track record to date. Both concern the “fitness” of raw historical project statistics for calibrating and evaluating (new) estimation models. A system dynamics model of the software development process is developed and used as the experimentation vehicle for this study. An overview of the model's structure is presented, followed by a discussion of the two experiments conducted and their results. In the first, we demonstrate why it is inadequate to assess the accuracy of (new) estimation tools simply on the basis of how accurately they replicate old projects. Second, we show why raw historical project results do not necessarily constitute the most “preferred” and reliable benchmark for future estimation.
Lossless compression of the geostationary imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (GIFTS) data via predictive partitioned vector quantization

The Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), as part of NASA's New Millennium Program, is an advanced instrument to provide high-temporal-resolution measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor, which will greatly facilitate the detection of rapid atmospheric changes associated with destructive weather events, including tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, flash floods, and hurricanes. The Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space under the National Academy of Sciences recommended that NASA and NOAA complete the fabrication, testing, and space qualification of the GIFTS instrument and that they support the international effort to launch GIFTS by 2008. Lossless data compression is critical for the overall success of the GIFTS experiment, or any other very high data rate experiment where the data is to be disseminated to the user community in real-time and archived for scientific studies and climate assessment. In general, lossless data compression is needed for high data rate hyperspectral sounding instruments such as GIFTS for (1) transmitting the data down to the ground within the bandwidth capabilities of the satellite transmitter and ground station receiving system, (2) compressing the data at the ground station for distribution to the user community (as is traditionally performed with GOES data via satellite rebroadcast), and (3) archival of the data without loss of any information content so that it can be used in scientific studies and climate assessment for many years after the date of the measurements. In this paper we study lossless compression of GIFTS data that has been collected as part of the calibration or ground based tests that were conducted in 2006. The predictive partitioned vector quantization (PPVQ) is investigated for higher lossless compression performance. PPVQ consists of linear prediction, channel partitioning and vector quantization. It yields an average compression ratio of 4.65 on the GIFTS test data, which significantly outperforms the standard compression methods such as JPEG-2000, JPEG-LS, and CCSDS IDC 9/7M & 5/3.
Onboard object recognition for planetary exploration

Machine learning techniques have shown considerable promise for automating common visual inspection tasks such as the detection of human faces in cluttered scenes. Here, we examine whether similar techniques can be used (or adapted) for the problem of automatically locating geologic landforms in planetary images gathered by spacecraft. Beyond enabling more efficient and comprehensive ground analysis of down-linked data, we are aiming toward perceptive spacecraft that use onboard processing to autonomously analyze their collected imagery and take appropriate actions. In our current study, we have employed various supervised learning algorithms, including neural networks, ensemble methods, support vector machines (SVM), and continuously-scalable template models (CSTM) to derive detectors for craters from ground-truthed images. The resulting detectors are evaluated on a challenging set of Viking Orbiter images of Mars containing roughly one thousand craters. The SVM approach with normalized image patches provides detection and localization performance closest to that of human labelers and is shown to be substantially superior to boundary-based approaches such as the Hough transform. However, the run-time cost in applying the SVM solution in the standard way (spatial scanning in which the SVM is applied to each patch of the image on a window-by-window basis) is too high due both to the number of support vectors required and the number of test vectors generated by sliding a window across the data. We have developed an implementation using FFTs and the overlap-and-add technique, which can be used to efficiently apply SVMs to sensor data in resource-constrained environments such as on a spacecraft. The technique allows exact computation of the SVM decision function over an image using minimal RAM (typically less than 5% of the size of the image) and only ${\mathcal{O}}(n_{s} (\log_{2} d + 11))$ real multiplications per pixel, where n s is the number of support vectors and d is the dimensionality of the vectors compared with ${\mathcal{O}}(n_{s} d)$ real multiplications per pixel for spatial scanning. Our approach is complementary to reduced set methods providing (in theory) a multiplicative gain in performance.
Becoming an Infant Caregiver: Three Profiles of Personal and Professional Growth

Abstract This study focused on the first year process of personal and professional growth for three student-caregivers as they began working with infants and families in child care. Qualitative case study analyses of the participants' first-semester notebooks and second-semester interviews revealed universal and individual themes that support and expand on previous findings, informing our understanding of the experiences of new infant/toddler caregivers. Findings from this study suggest that new infant caregivers experience many of the same thoughts and feelings that have been documented in the literature on new teachers. These new infant caregivers were concerned about their relationships with children, their interactions with parents, and their need for support from their environment; in addition, they were concerned with learning the routines and procedures of the classroom and developing a sense of themselves as caregivers. However, there are also some distinct differences in the nature and structure ...
A comparison of isokinetic lifting strength with static strength and maximum acceptable weight with special reference to speed of lifting

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of the speed of lifting and box size on isokinetic strength and to compare isokinetic lifting strengths with static lifting strengths and psychophysically determined maximum acceptable weights. Nine male college students lifted three different boxes (250, 380 and 510 mm wide) from the floor to a bench height of 0.8 m using a free-style lifting technique at a rate of 0.2 lifts min−1. For each lifting task static strength was measured at the origin of lift. Isokinetic lifting strength was measured at 0.41,0.51 and 0.6 ms−1 using a Biokinetic ergometer and attaching boxes to the load cell. Ratings of perceived exertion were recorded for the low back. There was a progressive decrease in mean and peak isokinetic lifting strengths both with an increase in lifting speed and with an increase in box width (p<0.01). The lifting speed had a much greater effect (29% and 27%) than the box width (18% and 15%) on mean and peak isokinetic lifting strengths. Howeve...
Long‐term ethanol consumption alters the hepatic response to the regenerative effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α

The pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic liver disease is uncertain, but it may reflect an impaired wound healing response to ethanol-induced liver injury. Cellto-cell communication such as that mediated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor is necessary for successful liver regeneration and complete recovery from liver injury. Hence disruption of intercellular regenerative signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic liver disease. To test this hypothesis, the cytokine and regenerative responses triggered by partial hepatectomy were compared in ethanol-fed rats and isocalorically maintained, pair-fed controls. To further clarify the effect of ethanol on tumor necrosis factor–modulated regenerative effects, we evaluated some of the rats in each feeding group after pretreatment with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor. As expected, ethanol inhibited DNA synthesis and liver cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy. Ethanolassociated inhibition of liver regeneration occurred despite apparently similar serum concentrations of the tumor necrosis factor–inducible cytokine interleukin-6. Treatment with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor 1 hr before partial hepatectomy inhibited post–partial hepatectomy induction of interleukin-6 and liver regeneration in ethanol-fed and pair-fed rats. However, serum interleukin-6 was reduced more in ethanol-fed rats than in control rats (93% vs. 66%; p < 0.05). Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor also inhibited hepatic DNA synthesis more in ethanol-fed rats than in controls (85% vs. 50%; p < 0.05). In ethanol-fed rats, the increased effect of tumor necrosis factor antibody on post–partial hepatectomy DNA synthesis suggests heightened sensitivity of hepatocytes to tumor necrosis factor. Tumor necrosis factor antibody decreased hepatocyte proliferation more (93%) in ethanol-fed rats than in controls (62%) (p < 0.05). In contrast, proliferation of liver nonparenchymal cells was less inhibited in ethanol-fed rats(11%) than in controls (66%) (p <0.05). These data indicate that long-term ethanol feeding alters cell responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor during liver regeneration. Such ethanol-induced alterations in cell response to cytokines may disrupt intercellular communications and impede normal liver regeneration. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:1066–1073).
Formation of icosahedral Al-Mn and related phases by ion beam mixing

Surface layers 50–150 nm thick of icosahedral Al-Mn and related Al-Mn phases have been formed by ion beam mixing of deposited, alternating layers of Al and Mn on Al, Si, and Al2O3 substrates. For complete intermixing, the layers are irradiated with 400 keV Xe ions to a fluence of 1 x 1016 Xe/cm. Mixing at 100–200°C produces the icosahedral phase for concentrations of Mn between 12 and 21 at.%, while mixing at lower temperatures produces an amorphous phase. Annealing the amorphous phase produces the transformation sequence: amorphous → icosahedral → crystalline, which establishes the relative order of decreasing free energy of these phases. The small grain sizes observed for the icosahedral phase (down to ∼ 10 nm) place restrictions on structural models used to explain the novel symmetry of this phase. Ion beam mixing of layers with increased Mn concentrations produces a previously unreported bcc phase (∼ 30 at.% Mn, a0 = 0.519(2) nm) and the hexagonal e(Al-Mn) phase.
REPORT OF REEXAMINATION OF 4,994 MEN DISQUALIFIED FOR GENERAL MILITARY SERVICE: BECAUSE OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEFECTS A COMBINED STUDY MADE BY SPECIAL MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARDS IN BOSTON, CHICAGO, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND SAN FRANCISCO

Much has been written about the physical fitness of men for active military service, and in many countries criteria have been drawn up to guide examiners in the choice of suitable candidates. Borderline cases and the range of the normal have furnished abundant material for discussion; but in the cardiovascular field, in particular, there is still a great deal to be learned. Two aspects of the problem which might aid in its clarification have not been explored adequately, namely the reexamination, by expert cardiologists, of a relatively large group of registrants rejected for cardiovascular defects, and a long follow-up of the borderline cases. The present study will deal with the first of these; it should also provide material for the pursuit of the second, which we hope may form the basis of another report several years hence. The major questions presented have involved the significance of heart murmurs, the critical
Statistical mechanics of noncovalent bonds in polyamino acids. V. Treatment of long chains by the method of sequence‐generating functions: Hydrophobic bonding in random coil, and interactions between helical segments

The method of sequence-generating functions is applied to long polypeptide chains to describe various types of hydrophobic bonding in the random coil. These results are then combined with a similar treatment of the α-helix in order to discuss the helix–coil transition in single helices and in molecules whose helical segments interact by side-chain hydrophobic bonding. Numerical calculations, based on the equations derived in this and preceding papers, are presented to show the relative probabilities of occurrence in the random coil of neighbor–neighbor hydrophobic bonds and pockets of hydrophobic bonding, and the relative probabilities of occurrence of the various states in a system of interacting helices. A discussion is also presented of the dependence of the helix–coil nucleation and growth parameters on solvent and side chain.
Mendelian and Uniparental Alterations in Erythromycin Binding by Plastid Ribosomes

Erythromycin binds specifically to the 52S subunit of the chloroplast ribosome of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. A number of erythromycin-resistant mutants whose ribosomes have lost their affinity for the antibiotic have been isolated, but the sedimentation properties of their ribosomes are indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain. These mutants represent at least three genetic loci. Two of them show Mendelian inheritance, and one of them is inherited in a uniparental manner.
Emulsion and foam stability—The effect of film size on film drainage

Reynold's equation has been used to describe film drainage rate in various investigations of microscopic foam and emulsion films. The main conditions for its applicability are where the liquid flows between plane-parallel surfaces and where film surfaces are tangentially immobile. Because surfaces are deformable and never completely immobile, drainage rate for such films always deviates somewhat from the phenomenon prescribed by Reynolds' equations. This work presents results of an investigation of the dependence of drainage time of foam and emulsion films on film radius. Experimentally measured values are compared to those calculated by numeric integration. 10 references.
Antineuronal (anti-Ri) antibodies in a patient with steroid-responsive opsoclonus-myoclonus

A 45-year-old woman developed opsoclonus, myoclonus, and severe truncal and gait ataxia. Serum and CSF contained IgG antibodies that appear to be identical to “anti-Ri” antibodies associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus and ataxia. The patient had a fluctuating course with exacerbations that responded well to corticosteroids and later to cyclophosphamide. Her anti-Ri antibody titer has declined significantly but still remains high. After more than 3 years of follow-up, no neoplasm has been detected.
Synchronized charge oscillations in correlated electron systems

Strongly correlated phases exhibit collective carrier dynamics that if properly harnessed can enable novel functionalities and applications. In this article, we investigate the phenomenon of electrical oscillations in a prototypical MIT system, vanadium dioxide (VO2). We show that the key to such oscillatory behaviour is the ability to induce and stabilize a non-hysteretic and spontaneously reversible phase transition using a negative feedback mechanism. Further, we investigate the synchronization and coupling dynamics of such VO2 based relaxation oscillators and show, via experiment and simulation, that this coupled oscillator system exhibits rich non-linear dynamics including charge oscillations that are synchronized in both frequency and phase. Our approach of harnessing a non-hysteretic reversible phase transition region is applicable to other correlated systems exhibiting metal-insulator transitions and can be a potential candidate for oscillator based non-Boolean computing.
Organizational Culture and Similarity Among Team Members’ Salience of Multiple Diversity Characteristics

Research often has focused on the presence of individuals’ demographic differences, rather than the perception of such differences. We examined how organizational culture relates to similarity among individuals’ salience of their team members’ diversity characteristics. Moreover, we introduced a new approach to studying multiple diversity characteristics simultaneously. Team members who perceive their organizational culture as emphasizing respect for people were found to be unlikely to hold convergent views of their team members’ demographics. Also, high-performing team members were found to view the salience of demographic characteristics similarly to other team members. Our findings suggest that an organizational culture emphasizing respect for people may be associated with unexpected barriers among team members that pose a threat to effective team functioning.
Chemistry of Silica in Cerro Prieto Brines

LBL-10166 CERRO-PRIETO-12 XICAN-AMERICAN COOPERATIVE' PROGRAM T THE CERRO PRIETO GEOTHERMAL FIELD I CHEMISTRY OF SILICA IN CERRO PRIETO BRINES Oleh Weres Leon Tsao Eduardo Igiesias I I COMISION Mexico FEDERAL DE ELECTR tates of America i I I de Cerro Prieto Apdo. Postal No. 3-636 ., Mexicali, Bja. Cfa., Mexico and P. 0 Box 248 Calexico, Ca. 92231 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 'Earth Sciences Division University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Operating for the U.S. Department of Energy under Con : 5-ENG-4 j
Electronic error reporting via Internet in the VAX environment

Describes an electronic OCLC error reporting (OER) program developed at the Albert B. Alkek Library, Southwest Texas State University, in response to the OCLC announcement that OCLC users could begin submitting bibliographic record change requests and duplicate record reports via Internet e‐mail. OER is a menu‐driven program written in VAX VMS which facilitates sending OCLC error reports by providing blank error‐report forms for various error‐reporting activities. This is accomplished by adding constant and system‐supplied information to the forms and then automatically sending the forms, while giving ample opportunities to review the accuracy of the outgoing report. Doing so provides more uniformity and accuracy in the reporting process and saves money and staff time. Suggests that, although the program is written for the SWT library, it may easily be modified and used by other compatible institutions.
Urban green and blue: Who values what and where?

Urban water bodies (bluespace) and vegetated open spaces (greenspace) are key sites for building urban sustainability, promoting social, economic, and environmental objectives and influencing human well-being. Building sustainable cities requires an understanding of how urbanities value these amenities, how values vary within cities, and of the factors influencing these values. Hedonic pricing, an economic-valuation technique, is commonly used to estimate values for green and bluespaces based upon home sale prices, but typical applications fail to identify how these values vary within cities, leaving a gap in decision-makers’ knowledge and limiting their ability to plan green and bluespaces that promote urban sustainability. The present study examines this issue by identifying spatial variation in the values of urban green and bluespace across the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota, USA using both global and local regression techniques. We find that the values of all blue and greenspace amenities examined vary significantly spatially and that values for these amenities can differ greatly from those estimated using global models. Importantly we find that that the influence of treecover on home sale price is always positive when this relationship is significant and that the landscape context in which an amenity occurs impacts its value with features such as trails, water bodies, and wetlands being more valuable in locations with protected natural areas than elsewhere. We also find evidence that wealth influences access to blue and greenspace, in many, but not all cases, leading to reduced access to these features among poorer groups. These finding suggest that, when used in planning and policy-making, global values may lead to the provision of urban green and bluespaces that fail to meet the needs and desires of local residents. Identifying variation in these values, as in this study, will facilitate more targeted planning of green and bluespace and thus more liveable, sustainable cities.
Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory: A Factor Analysis:

The 72-item Erikson Psychosocial Inventory (EPSI) was factor analyzed for a group of 534 university freshmen and sophomore students. Seven factors including 54 items emerged which the authors labeled Initiative, Industry, Identity, Friendship, Dating, Goal Clarity and Self-Confidence. Items representing Erikson's first two factors, Trust and Autonomy, were dispersed across the new set of factors; this factor pattern was discussed from the perspective of late adolescent development.
Expression of ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain), an antiapoptotic protein, is strongly prognostic in AML

Regulators of apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been extensively studied and are considered excellent therapeutic targets. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC), an antiapoptotic protein originally found to be involved in apoptosis of cardiac cells, was recently demonstrated to be overexpressed in several solid tumors. To assess its importance in AML, we profiled ARC expression in 511 newly diagnosed AML patients using a validated robust reverse-phase protein array and correlated ARC levels with clinical outcomes. ARC was variably expressed in samples from patients with AML. ARC level was not associated with cytogenetic groups or with FLT-3 mutation status. However, patients with low or medium ARC protein levels had significantly better outcomes than those with high ARC levels: longer overall survival (median, 53.9 or 61.6 vs 38.9 weeks, P = .0015) and longer remission duration (median, 97.6 or 44.7 vs 31.1 weeks, P = .0007). Multivariate analysis indicated that ARC was a statistically significant independent predictor of survival in AML (P = .00013). Inhibition of ARC promoted apoptosis and sensitized cytosine arabinoside-induced apoptosis in OCI-AML3 cells. These results suggest that ARC expression levels are highly prognostic in AML and that ARC is a potential therapeutic target in AML.
Creativity through Education: A Process for Enhancing Students' Self-Perceptions

The issue of enhancing individual creativity in business has clear implications for marketing educators. Although the issue is receiving increased attention, instructional techniques and actual imp...
Substrate Specificity of Actinoplanes Antibiotic Peptide Lactonases

A constitutive peptide lactonase from Actinoplanes missouriensis hydrolyzed echinomycin, stendomycin, thiostrepton, vernamycin B, staphylomycin S, and etamycin. An induced lactonase hydrolyzed actinomycin but not the other peptide lactones.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: sampling, pitfalls, and quality management.

Endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) is an accurate and versatile technique in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions as well as other organ sites. EUS FNA is performed ideally with cytopathologic adequacy evaluation, and diagnosis at the time of tissue procurement. In this article, we review the most relevant issues in the process of EUS FNA–based diagnostics. Specifically, we describe the technical aspects of specimen collection, processing, and appropriate selection of ancillary studies. We also illustrate the most commonly encountered diagnostic pitfalls, and methods for their avoidance. Lastly, we discuss quality management, which emphasizes the communication between the endoscopist and the pathologist.
Universality limits of a reproducing kernel for a half-line Schrodinger operator and clock behavior of eigenvalues

We extend some recent results of Lubinsky, Levin, Simon, and Totik from measures with compact support to spectral measures of Schrodinger operators on the half-line. In particular, we define a reproducing kernel SL for Schrodinger operators and we use it to study the fine spacing of eigenvalues in a box of the half-line Schrodinger operator with perturbed periodic potential. We show that if solutions u(ξ, x) are bounded in x by \({e^{\epsilon x}}\) uniformly for ξ near the spectrum in an average sense and the spectral measure is positive and absolutely continuous in a bounded interval I in the interior of the spectrum with \({\xi_0\in I}\), then uniformly in I, $$\frac{S_L(\xi_0 + a/L, \xi_0 + b/L)}{S_L(\xi_0, \xi_0)}\rightarrow \frac{\sin(\pi\rho(\xi_0)(a - b))}{\pi\rho(\xi_0)(a - b)},$$ where ρ(ξ)dξ is the density of states. We deduce that the eigenvalues near ξ0 in a large box of size L are spaced asymptotically as \({\frac{1}{L\rho}}\). We adapt the methods used to show similar results for orthogonal polynomials.
Virally associated arthritis 2008: clinical, epidemiologic, and pathophysiologic considerations

Several viruses have been associated with the development of inflammatory arthritis, including the hepatitis viruses (hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus), HIV, the parvovirus B19, the human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I, and the alphaviruses. Here, we review the epidemiology, the pathophysiological mechanisms, the pertinent clinical and laboratory findings as well as the principles of therapy of the most common virus-associated arthritides. We believe that the knowledge of these key diagnostic and therapeutic features of virus-associated arthritides is important for the rheumatologist of the 21st century.
The wayward Hawaiian boy returns home.

This chapter represents a travelog of my life and career and the philosophical points I acquired along the way. I was born on a sugar plantation on the island of Hawaii and early on had a stuttering problem. I attended the Kamehameha Schools and received my BS and MS degrees from the University of Hawaii and my Ph.D. from the University of California at Davis. I link my life and career to various principles and events, some of which are: the importance of positioning oneself; going for the big enchilada; music, the international language; the red zone of biotechnology; the human side of biotechnology; the transgenic papaya story; and my leadership time at USDA in Hawaii. The guiding light throughout my career were the words from Drs. Eduardo Trujillo and Robert Shepherd, respectively, “Dennis, don't just be a test tube scientist, do something to help people” and “Now tell me, what have you really accomplished?”
Building a Delamination-free Electronic Package Using Thermal Analysis Data

Package delamination is a product of chemical, mechanical and thermal incompatibilities. Thermal analysis methods are used to study these factors along with other techniques. One thermomechanical analysis (TMA) data that can be maximized in order to get a delamination-free combination of materials is the glass transition temperature (Tg) measurement. The thermograph produced contains information on Tg, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and total expansion (dimension change). The technique shown in this paper is to combine different Tg thermographs of adhesives, encapsulants and metal parts in order to create a “package”. To keep the unit from “delaminating”, the thermographs have to be as uniform as possible when overlayed. At the very least, the graphs should be able to show which interfaces are at risk of delamination during certain assembly processes. The same concept is used if one intends to improve an existing process condition. Thermographs of copper leadframe (Cu LF), die attach (DA) adhesive and epoxy mold compound (EMC) samples are generated using cure profiles (for the polymers only) and a standard heating rate of 10°C/min. The resulting thermographs are overlayed and the best combination is chosen by visual comparison. The beauty of the technique is that it is simple, rich in technical basis and individual results can be easily stored in a database.
The bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus ) of Arkansas, fifty years later

Many species of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latreille) are declining throughout their ranges in North America, yet detecting population trends can be difficult when historical survey data are lacking. In the present study, contemporary data is compared to a 1965 survey to detect changes in bumble bee distributions throughout Arkansas. Using county-level records as a point of comparison to look for changes in state-wide occurrence among species over time, we find that state-level changes reflect national trends. Contemporary records of Bombus bimaculatus Cresson and B. impatiens Cresson have more than tripled, while records for B. pensylvanicus (De Geer) show a decline to 61% of historical levels. Although B. fervidus (Fabricius) has been reported infrequently in the state, misidentifications may have led to an overestimation of the state’s species richness. In addition to an updated assessment of the bumble bees of Arkansas, we also provide new, localized information on the seasonal phenology and plant preferences of each species that can be used to guide conservation efforts.
Monoclonal antibodies to human progesterone receptor: characterization by biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.

Progesterone receptor (PR) from a human endometrial carcinoma (EnCa 101) grown in nude mice consists of two hormone-binding proteins with mol wt around 116,000 and 85,000. To generate monoclonal antibodies against this receptor, PR was partially purified from EnCa 101 and used to immunize Robertsonian mice. Immune mouse spleens were fused with HL- 1 Friendly myeloma-653 cells, and hybridomas were screened by solid phase dot-blot assay and double antibody precipitation. Seven stable hybridomas were obtained, designated hPRa 1-7. Subisotyping revealed that hPRa 1 and 6 were immunoglobulin G2b, while the remainder were immunoglobulin Gx. Ultracentrifugation in high salt sucrose gradients showed that six of the seven antibodies effected a shift of [3H]progestin-labeled PR from EnCa 101; only hPRa 4 was ineffective in this regard. Protein blots of EnCa 101 cytosols and DEAE eluates revealed that hPRa 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 recognized both PR proteins equally. hPRa 2 recognized principally the 116,000 mol wt PR prot...
The rkp-1 cluster is required for secretion of Kdo homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide in Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021.

Under conditions of nitrogen stress, leguminous plants form symbioses with soil bacteria called rhizobia. This partnership results in the development of structures called root nodules, in which differentiated endosymbiotic bacteria reduce molecular dinitrogen for the host. The establishment of rhizobium-legume symbioses requires the bacterial synthesis of oligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and capsular polysaccharides. Previous studies suggested that the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide produced by strain Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021 contributes to symbiosis with Medicago sativa under some conditions. However, a conclusive symbiotic role for this polysaccharide could not be determined due to a lack of mutants affecting its synthesis. In this study, we have further characterized the synthesis, secretion, and symbiotic function of the Kdo homopolymeric capsule. We showed that mutants lacking the enigmatic rkp-1 gene cluster fail to display the Kdo capsule on the cell surface but accumulate an intracellular polysaccharide of unusually high Mr. In addition, we have demonstrated that mutations in kdsB2, smb20804, and smb20805 affect the polymerization of the Kdo homopolymeric capsule. Our studies also suggest a role for the capsular polysaccharide in symbiosis. Previous reports have shown that the overexpression of rkpZ from strain Rm41 allows for the symbiosis of exoY mutants of Rm1021 that are unable to produce the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan. Our results demonstrate that mutations in the rkp-1 cluster prevent this phenotypic suppression of exoY mutants, although mutations in kdsB2, smb20804, and smb20805 have no effect.
Improved Interpersonal Relationships A Result of Group Learning

Many teachers believe that lecture combined with individual writing assignments is the best method for teaching written business communication. In contrast, a second teaching method is the random assignment of students in written communication classes to cooperative learning groups. The author recently completed a study at Oklahoma State University comparing the effectiveness of straight lecture and cooperative learning group methods of teaching junior and senior college-level written business communication. Comments on diary sheets by students in cooperative learning groups indicated maturation in the area of interpersonal relationship skills—an unanticipated aspect of the study. The cooperative learning group method is recommended for teaching written business communication because it provides students an opportunity to learn to work cooperatively and share ideas in groups. No attempt is made to present the study, but suggestions and procedures for effectively structuring and implementing cooperative le...
Towards an Integrated, Web-executable Parallel Programming Tool Environment

We present a new parallel programming tool environment that is (1) accessible and executable “anytime, anywhere,” through standard Web browsers and (2) integrated in that it provides tools which adhere to a common underlying methodology for parallel programming and performance tuning. The environment is based on a new network computing infrastructure developed at Purdue University. We evaluate our environment qualitatively by comparing our tool access method with conventional schemes of software download and installation. We also quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of interactive tool access in our environment. We do this by measuring the response times of various functions of the Ursa Minor tool and compare them with those of a Java Applet-based "anytime, anywhere" tool access method. We found that our environment offers significant advantages in terms of tool accessibility, integration, and efficiency.
Targeting Interleukin-2-Inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) in T-Cell Related Diseases

IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family tyrosine kinases, is the predominant Tec kinase in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediating T cell receptor (TCR) and Fc receptor (Fc R) initiated signal transduction. ITK deficiency results in impaired T and NK cell functions, leading to various disorders including malignancies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, the role of ITK in T cell signaling and the development of small molecule inhibitors of ITK for the treatment of T-cell related disorders is examined.
A study of acoustoelectric effect in GaAs by fabricating interdigital transducer using electron beam lithography technique

Transverse acoustoelectric voltage (TAV) of Te-doped GaAs and n-GaAs/SI GaAs samples with photon energy and bias voltage is demonstrated. GaAs electronic properties were investigated using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique. The TAV was monitored across the GaAs sample by fabricating the interdigital transducer directly on the GaAs surface using electron beam lithography. In the processing, to protect the surface from contamination, the metal lift-off technique is also used. The TAV is developed due to the nonlinear interaction between the electric field accompanying SAW, and the free carriers near the GaAs surface. The TAV spectra are obtained to determining the bandgap energy and the Te-level which is observed at 300 K. It is also noticed that the TAV amplitude changes with bias voltage under the room illumination. However, when the illumination is turned off, the TAV does not change with bias voltage. >
Genes Differentially Expressed in Titanium Implant Healing

Bone generation occurs around titanium implants; however, its underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that molecular determinants distinct from those undertaking normal bone healing regulate osseointegration. Using differential display-polymerase chain-reaction in the male rat model, we isolated 3 genes that are differentially expressed in bone healing with implants, but not in osteotomy healing. A homology search indicated that these 3 genes are apolipoprotein E, prolyl 4-hydroxylase α-subunit, and an unknown transcript. Differential expression of these genes was remarkable during early healing stages up to week 2, and accelerated with rough acid-etched surfaces compared with machined surfaces. The differential expression was confirmed in the female rats, with enhanced expression for the acid-etched surfaces. The osseointegration-unfavorable condition created by gonadal estrogen deficiency reduced the level of differential expression. This study provides evidence that selected gene transcripts...
Characterization of superconductors with artificial pinning microstructures

Extension of the APC approach to Nb/sub 3/Sn requires that a second phase be introduced into the Nb/sub 3/Sn reaction layer with the intent of increasing the volume pinning strength. This can be achieved by either the refinement of the Nb/sub 3/Sn grains due to the presence of a second phase or by the second phase itself pinning flux. If a bronze-type process is to be used a different addition than Zr is required since internal oxidation of Nb is not possible. The criteria for elements to be candidates for the APC approach are discussed. The results for one of the candidates (Ag) show that it is not incorporated into the Nb/sub 3/Sn, however, its addition did increase the growth rate. >
A sensitive double-isotope derivative assay for norepinephrine and epinephrine. Normal resting human plasma levels.

A sensitive and specific double-isotope dilution method for assaying norepinephrine and epinephrine separately is described. The method is based on enzymatic conversion of these two catecholamines to their respective metanephrines and was applied successfully to measurement of resting plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine in normal subjects with the finding that norepinephrine (0.20 ± 0.08 µg/liter) normally constitutes approximately 80% of the plasma catecholamine content and epinephrine (0.05 ± 0.03 µg/liter) 20%.
Electoral Responsiveness in Criminal Justice Institutions

One of the principal roles of government is the protection of citizens from criminal behavior. The delegation of criminal justice tasks takes a variety of forms, both across and within countries. The administration of law through the justice system can be handled by a professionalized bureaucracy, politically nominated agents of executives, or directly-elected officials. Extant theory on the behavior of elected representatives and nominated agents suggests that shorter election horizons affect policy outcomes by encouraging behavior oriented toward short-term electoral benefits. Theory suggests that elected criminal justice agents are more likely to use punitive anti-crime policy than is socially optimal. This responsiveness should, over time, lead to higher rates of incarceration overall when these agents are elected. We use time series cross-sectional data from the United States, spanning all 50 states from 1960-2010, to test the hypothesis that judges, when elected, are more likely to use incarceration then their nominated peers. This project expands on existing theory of electoral responsiveness to interrogate questions about bureaucratic accountability and responsiveness as well as the role of incentives in the execution of a crucial area of public policy.
Novel incision design and primary flap closure reduces the incidence of alveolar osteitis and infection in impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Objective To measure the influence of flap design on alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative complications following mandibular third molar surgery. Study Design This study was designed as a randomized single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial. The predictor variable was flap type. Envelope flap, modified triangular flap (MTF), and two related experimental flaps (second molar mesial papilla-sparing marginal incision with distobuccal release with double-pass single-layered primary closure [MPMI-2 X] and single-pass single-layered primary closure [MPMI-1 X]) were used. The primary outcome variable was AO. The secondary outcome variables were wound dehiscence and infection. Bivariate and logistic analyses were computed. P value Results One hundred ninety-six patients with symmetric bilateral partial bony or full bony impacted mandibular third molars participated. No sites (0 of 196) treated with MPMI-2 X developed AO, and only two sites (2 of 196) treated with MPMI-2 X developed postoperative infection. Both MPMI-1 X and MPMI-2 X were associated with decreased odds of complications compared with MTF and envelope flap. MPMI-2 X sites were significantly less likely than MTF sites to experience complications for both sides. Conclusions MPMI-2 X is a reliable technique to reduce complications, such as AO, wound dehiscence, and infection in mandibular third molar surgery.
How to Fit when No One Size Fits

no one size fits all" is a sound philosophy for system de- signers to follow, it poses multiple challenges for application de- velopers and system administrators. It can be hard for an applica- tion developer to pick one system when the needs of her applica- tion match the features of multiple "one size" systems. The choice becomes considerably harder when different components of an ap- plication fit the features of different "one size" systems. Consider- able manual effort goes into creating and tuning such multi-system applications. An application's data and workload properties may change over time, often in unpredictable and bursty ways. Conse- quently, the "one size" system that is best for an application can change over time. Adapting to change can be hard when applica- tion development is coupled tightly with any individual "one size" system. In this paper, we make the case for developing a new breed of Database Management Systems that we term DBMS + . A DBMS + contains multiple "one size" systems internally. An application specifies its execution requirements on aspects like performance,
Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose

The application of concepts derived from protein folding to the analysis of protein-DNA interactions provides the basis of an ‘induced fit’ model for sequence-specific DNA binding.
Novel Biospecific Agents for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Levels of treatment for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) fall within 3 broad categories: supportive care, low- and high-intensity therapy. Most approaches remain experimental, and supportive care remains the standard of treatment in MDS. In parallel with the growing knowledge of the multiple pathobiologic abnormalities in MDS, increasing numbers of low-intensity, biospecific agents that target these pathogenetic lesions have entered clinical trial testing. Although the term "biospecific" has been applied to many of these investigational drugs, they often exert pleiotropic effects, many of which remain to be identified. An ongoing challenge will be to more fully characterize the mechanisms of action of these drugs and to characterize biologic correlates of response. With these data in hand, it will be increasingly feasible to treat patients with combinations of biospecific drugs with non-overlapping actions and toxicities, a therapeutic approach that is likely required to effectively overcome the barriers posed by the biologic heterogeneity of MDS. This review focuses on recent therapeutic approaches using such biologic response modifiers to treat MDS.
Expert system cockpit aid for the evaluation of handling qualities

Pilot assessment of aircraft handling qualifies plays an important role in aircraft design and evaluation, but human assessments can be inconsistent and biased, making test results difficult to interpret. Based on the Cooper-Harper rating scale, an expert-system aid is designed to help test pilots produce consistent handling qualities ratings. The aid is also designed as a training tool for new test pilots and as a analysis tool for flight test engineers. Flying qualities assessment of the vehicle is straightforward, but pilot/vehicle performance level and pilot work load level prove harder to quantify. This paper presents an overall design of the cockpit aid and provides details for several of its main elements. (Author)
Convex Blind Deconvolution with Random Masks

We solve blind deconvolution problems where one signal is modulated by multiple random masks using nuclear norm minimization. Theoretical analysis shows the number of masks for successful recovery scales as poly-logarithm of the problem dimension.