cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Groundwater and Stream Composition

Changes of groundwater chemistry have long been observed. We review some studies of the earthquake-induced changes of groundwater and streamflow composition. When data are relatively abundant and the hydrogeology is relatively simple, the observed changes may provide valuable insight into earthquake-induced changes of hydrogeological processes. Progress in this aspect, however, has been slow not only because systematic measurements are scare but also because of the distribution of chemical sources and sinks in the crust are often complex and unknown. Most changes are consistent with the model of earthquake-enhanced groundwater transport through basin-wide or local enhanced permeability caused by earthquake-induced breaching of hydrologic barriers such as aquitards, connecting otherwise isolated aquifers or other fluid sources, leading to fluid source switching and/or mixing. Because the interpretation of earthquake-induced groundwater and stream compositions is often under-constrained, multi-disciplinary approaches may be needed to provide a better constrained interpretation of the observed changes.
Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile-based health technology for smoking cessation: Mobile Anxiety Sensitivity Program.

OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability. Although most US smokers want to quit, more than 95% of cessation attempts end in relapse within 6 months. To improve cessation outcomes, research has turned to targetable mechanisms, such as anxiety sensitivity (AS), which maintain smoking behaviour, impede cessation success, and can be effectively targeted in the context of psychosocial interventions. Although integrated treatment programmes that address AS reduction in the context of smoking cessation have demonstrated promising results, presently, no mobile, technology-based integrated treatment exists to expressly address smoking and AS. The current study evaluated the initial feasibility and acceptability of a mobile smoking cessation intervention, Mobile Anxiety Sensitivity Program for smoking (MASP). METHODS Participants were 15 daily adult combustible cigarette smokers (females n = 6, Mage = 46.5 years, SD = 13.3) who completed a 6-week total intervention period (baseline visit, 2 weeks pre-quit, 4 weeks post-quit, follow-up visit). RESULTS Most participants (N = 12) completed the full 6-week intervention, and participant engagement with MASP was high. Participants reported that MASP was acceptable. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence indicated 25% of smokers were abstinent for at least 24 hr prior to the in-person 4 weeks post-quit follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated that MASP has the potential to provide effective assistance to those wanting to quit cigarettes. PRACTITIONER POINTS Mobile-based smoking cessation interventions may be a promising treatment option, particularly for those of lower socio-economic status. Targeting AS in the context of a mobile-based smoking cessation app may be a viable way to improve smoking cessation success and treatment outcome. Due to the pilot nature of this study, there was no control group. Thus, comparative conclusions and generalizability based on the current study must be made with caution.
Subcircuit Based Modelling of SiC MOSFET in MATLAB/SIMULINK

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) has been widely used in numerous industrial applications owning to their characteristics of low on-state resistance, high thermal conductivity, and high operating temperature. To fully utilize the potential of SiC MOSFET, an accurate device model is desired to evaluate the device performance before fabrication. In this article, an accurate subcircuit based model is used to describe the SiC MOSFET dynamic performance. In the model, the non-linearity of device parasitic capacitance is considered by extracting capacitance values under multiple drain-source voltage values from datasheet. All the possible circuit parasitic inductances are extracted by using ANSYS Q3D. To reduce the model complexity, the threshold voltage based model for MOSFET is adopted. Finally, the subcircuit based model is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The developed model has the advantages of high accuracy, convenient, fast execution time. The model would be a convenient tool to evaluate the device performance and help understanding the experiment phenomena. To validate the accuracy of the developed model, double pulse test (DPT) results of a 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET (ROHM) from both simulation and experiment are compared, the results shown that the developed model is an effective evaluation tool for the SiC MOSFET performance.
Study protocol: a pilot randomised waitlist-controlled trial of a dyadic mobile health intervention for black sexual-minority male couples with HIV in the USA.

Author(s): Kim, Hyunjin Cindy; Pollack, Lance M; Saberi, Parya; Neilands, Torsten B; Arnold, Emily A; Bright, Darius Jovon; Williams, Robert W; Kegeles, Susan M; Tan, Judy Y | Abstract: HIV care engagement is lower among black sexual-minority men relative to other racial/ethnic groups of sexual-minority men. Being in a primary relationship is generally associated with more successful HIV care engagement across various populations. However, among black sexual-minority men, the association between primary relationship status and HIV-related outcomes is inconsistent across the HIV care continuum. Given the ubiquity of mobile technology access and use among racial/ethnic minority communities, leveraging mobile technology for HIV care engagement appears a promising intervention strategy. This paper outlines the protocol of the LetSync study, a pilot randomised controlled trial of a mobile health app intervention developed using the Framework of Dyadic HIV Care Engagement to improve care-engagement outcomes among black sexual-minority male couples living with HIV.Eighty black sexual-minority men in couples (n=160) will be enrolled to pilot test the LetSync app. At least one member of each dyad must be both HIV-positive and self-identify as black/African-American. Couples will be randomised to either a waitlist-control arm or an intervention that uses relationship-based approach to improve HIV care engagement. We will assess feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures and intervention protocols based on predefined metrics of feasibility and acceptability. Execution of the study will yield the opportunity to conduct analyses to test the measurement and analysis protocol on antiretroviral therapy adherence by comparing the intervention and waitlist-control arms on self-reported and biological (hair sample) measures of adherence.Study staff will obtain electronic consent from all participants. This study has been approved by the University of California (UCSF) Institutional Review Board. Study staff will work with the Community Advisory Board at the UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies Board to disseminate results to participants and the community via open discussions, presentations, journal publications and/or social media.NCT04951544.
You, me, and OHP: Applying the Sociocultural Self Model to OHP Interventions

Many OHP interventions depend on some form of active participation from an employee and trends of low participation in interventions could jeopardize validity and impact. Intervention involvement can vary based on demographic, job-related, and health-related factors, with some research finding that those who would benefit the most from an intervention may be the least likely to participate. To examine factors that may influence attitudes toward and intentions to participate in OHP interventions, I apply the Sociocultural Self Model, or a framework that suggests that individual characteristics, structural conditions, and sociocultural context will influence an employee’s sense of self and thoughts, feelings, and behaviors relevant to health. Based on cross-sectional data from 315 employed adults recruited using a Qualtrics Panel, the Sociocultural Self Model generally conformed to model predictions. Individual characteristics, some structural conditions, and some sociocultural contexts were significantly related to attitudes towards and intentions to participate in OHP interventions. Results also suggest the presence of some industry-related differences in model components. Together, these results provide a preliminary look into the utility of a model that integrates individual and environmental determinants of health and safety to inform OHP interventions.
A History of Medical Libraries and Medical Librarianship: From John Shaw Billings to The Digital Era.

A History of Medical Libraries and Medical Librarianship: From John Shaw Billings to the Digital Era was published just as the COVID-19 pandemic began to heighten awareness of the importance of hea...
The ribosome binding site of a mini‐ORF protects a T3SS mRNA from degradation by RNase E

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli harbours a pathogenicity island encoding a type 3 secretion system used to translocate effector proteins into the cytosol of intestinal epithelial cells and subvert their function. The structural proteins of the translocon are encoded in a major espADB mRNA processed from a precursor. The translocon mRNA should be highly susceptible to RNase E cleavage because of its AU-rich leader region and monophosphorylated 5'-terminus, yet it manages to avoid rapid degradation. Here, we report that the espADB leader region contains a strong Shine-Dalgarno element (SD2) and a translatable mini-ORF of six codons. Disruption of SD2 so as to weaken ribosome binding significantly reduces the concentration and stability of esp mRNA, whereas codon substitutions that impair translation of the mini-ORF have no such effect. These findings suggest that occupancy of SD2 by ribosomes, but not mini-ORF translation, helps to protect espADB mRNA from degradation, likely by hindering RNase E access to the AU-rich leader region.
Functional outcomes and gait analysis of patients after periacetabular sarcoma resection with and without ischiofemoral arthrodesis

Background Treatment of periacetabular sarcomas remains a difficult challenge. Many reconstruction options are fraught with high complication and failure rates. Little is known about patients' functional outcomes, and there have been no studies that examine how these reconstructions affect patients' gait parameters. The purpose of this study is to evaluate gait parameters and functional outcome in patients whom have undergone periacetabular resections with either an ischiofemoral pseudoarthrodesis or soft tissue reconstruction only. Methods Ten patients with sarcoma of the periacetabular region were identified from our database. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scores (MSTS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) scoring systems. Gait analysis was performed on all subjects. Results Patients in both surgical groups had average functional scores. All patients were ambulatory. Cadence and velocity in the surgical group were significantly slower than the control group, however, the remainder of the gait parameters examined were similar to controls. Conclusion Patients who underwent minimal reconstruction following periacetabular resections demonstrated average functional scores, comparable to those undergoing more extensive reconstructions. With the exception of speed, gait parameters were not significantly different than controls. Complication rates were low. Pseudoarthrodesis or even no bone reconstruction following periacetabular resection is reasonable and functional options for many of these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:844–849. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silver Particles Enhance Emission of Fluorescent DNA Oligomers

Here we describe a new opportunity in methodology for increasing the detectability of fluorescently labeled DNA on solid substrates. We show that the use of glass substrates coated with metallic silver particles results in an approximate 5-fold increase in the intensity of Cy3- or Cy5-labeled DNA oligomers. Proximity to these silver particles also increases the photostability of Cy3- and Cy5-labeled oligomers. These results suggest the use of DNA array substrates with silver particles for increased sensitivity in genetic analysis.
Performance aspects of dynamic re-allocation for partitioned data

The correct and effcient management of data in distributed databases or mobile computing environments is diffcult. Communication disruptions within such systems render the execution of database transactions problematic due to difficulties in atomic commitment strategies. A previously proposed non-traditional system for data and operators, with single site transaction executions and decentralized commitment [9], is useful in specific applications. For this approach, we use some simple analytical and simulation models to assess performance, and provide our findings for straightforward demand-driven and periodic re-allocation strategies.
Vertical Contracts and Vertical Ownership

It is well-known that a seller imposed non-discrimination clause can soften downstream price competition by constraining opportunistic pricing behavior on the part of an upstream monopolist seller. But what about about market settings in which there exists a pivotal buyer? We show that in the presence of pivotal buyers, a buyer imposed price floor may be an effective means of eliminating the dynamic inconsistency problem typically associated with the upstream seller. Moreover, a price floor may be a means to better align product selection from the perspective of the pivotal buyer on the part of the seller. We demonstrate how even a small amount of vertical ownership provides insurance for the pivotal buyer should the price floor prove ineffective, and that a partially integrated pivotal buyer can calibrate the price floor to maximize own profits in a fashion thatis also Pareto improving.
Phylogenetic Trees From Sequences

In this chapter, we review important concepts and approaches for phylogeny reconstruction from sequence data.We first cover some basic definitions and properties of phylogenetics, and briefly explain how scientists model sequence evolution and measure sequence divergence. We then discuss three major approaches for phylogenetic reconstruction: distance-based phylogenetic reconstruction, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood. In the third part of the chapter, we review how multiple phylogenies are compared by consensus methods and how to assess confidence using bootstrapping. At the end of the chapter are two sections that list popular software packages and additional reading.
Translation and Humour

AbstractAn application of the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) to the theory of humour translation is presented. The GTVH is presented as a theory that allows us to relate perceived differences between jokes to six hierarchically ordered Knowledge Resources (parameters), namely knowledge concerning Language; Narrative Strategies; Target(s); Situation; Logical Mechanism(s); Script Opposition(s). The GTVH’s contribution to theory on humour translation is the metric of joke similarity, which allows the translator to evaluate how much a translated joke differs from the source joke. Some strategies for applying the metric heuristics to translation are provided. Finally, the issue of the translation of puns is taken up and it is argued that humorous translation cannot be absolutely guaranteed in all cases.
Second Centralizers of Partial Transformations

Second centralizers of partial transformations on a finite set are determined. In particular, it is shown that the second centralizer of any partial transformation α consists of partial transformations that are locally powers of α.
Neurotrophins and Trk receptors in primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines.

OBJECTIVE: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are thought to be derived from early central nervous system precursors. Therefore, we hypothesized that the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3) and their receptors (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC), which are involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neuronal cells, might be important in regulating tumor growth. METHODS: Using ribonucleic acid (RNA) blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, we investigated the expression of these ligands and their receptors in six PNET cell lines (Daoy, PFSK, D283 Med, UW288-1, CHP707m, and D341 Med). Neurotrophin protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. Receptor function was demonstrated by autophosphorylation. Induction of c-Fos expression and effects on cell proliferation were assessed after the addition of exogenous neurotrophin. RESULTS: Three cell lines expressed messenger RNA for all neurotrophins, whereas the other three expressed two of the three neurotrophins. Neurotrophin protein levels were low. All cell lines expressed trkA messenger RNA. Five expressed the amino terminus of trkB, but three of these did not express the carboxyl terminus. All cell lines contained trkC messenger RNA, but the receptor was truncated in two cell lines. No cell line contained message for a receptor containing an insertion in the tyrosine kinase domain. The addition of neurotrophin to PNET cells resulted in phosphorylation of a protein that was immunoprecipitated with an anti-pan-Trk antibody, c-Fos expression and cell growth were increased by preincubation with neurotrophins, but only in the cell lines expressing the relevant full-length receptors. CONCLUSION: The expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors by PNET cell lines is variable. The presence of activated Trk receptors in these cell lines may be required for rapid growth, via an autocrine loop mechanism. This will require further investigation.
Application of the theory of random matrices to a reactor-noise problem

Abstract The stochastic equation corresponding to a nuclear reactor with random distribution of materials is written in a matrix form, in this way the probability distribution of reactivities is derived as the probability distribution of the higher eigenvalues of random matrices. The theoretical results are illustrated and validated with Monte Carlo simulations based on the diffusion equations and the matrix approach.
Abstract 1067: FOXD3 is a B-RAFV600E-regulated inhibitor of G1/S progression in melanoma cells

The forkhead box transcription factor FOXD3 is a stemness factor that prevents the production of melanocyte progenitors from the developing neural crest; however, its role in human cancers is not known. Here we demonstrate that FOXD3 levels are up-regulated following attenuation of B-RAF and MEK signaling in mutant B-RAF harboring human melanoma cells. This effect was selective since FOXD3 was not up-regulated following MEK inhibition in wild-type B-RAF melanoma cells and mutant B-RAF thyroid carcinoma cells. Ectopic FOXD3 expression potently inhibited melanoma cell growth without altering mutant B-RAF activation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of cell growth was due to a potent G1 cell cycle arrest that was largely dependent on p53 and, to a lesser extent, its downstream target p21Cip1. These studies demonstrate that FOXD3 is suppressed by B-RAF, uncover a novel role and mechanism for FOXD3 as a negative cell cycle regulator and have implications for the repression of melanocytic lineage cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1067.
Structure and Glycan-Binding Properties of the Vibrio Vulnificus Hemolysin B-Trefoil Lectin

Pore forming toxins (PFTs) are secreted by bacterial pathogens as water-soluble monomers that oligomerize on the cell surface to form transmembrane channels. To increase their affinity for the membrane, many PFTs utilize proteins, carbohydrates and/or lipids as receptors. Previous studies suggest that a PFT secreted by Vibrio cholerae, V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC), recognizes cell surface glycans in its mode of action. However, while VCC contains two domains whose structures resemble known carbohydrate binding motifs, a β-trefoil and β-prism fold, only the β-prism domain actively binds carbohydrate ligands. This presents the question of why an organism would make a protein with an inactive lectin domain. Sequence analysis identified that orthologs of VCC contain either both of the lectin-like domains, or only the β-trefoil domain. Here, we utilize functional and structural approaches to investigate the carbohydrate-binding activities of a VCC ortholog, Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VVH), which contains only a β-trefoil lectin-like domain. Our studies identify that the VVH β-trefoil lectin domain binds a broad range of branched sugars containing multiple N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) repeats, with micromolar affinity. This is in contrast to the β-prism domain of VCC, which binds a narrower range of complex N-glycans with nanomolar affinity. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the VVH β-trefoil domain identifying two interesting traits. First, the β-trefoil lectin domain alone forms a heptameric ring characteristic of many PFTs. Second, VVH contains a unique loop and coordinating residues absent in VCC. We hypothesize an evolutionary relationship between VVH and VCC such that upon gaining the more specific β-prism domain, activity of the β-trefoil domain was lost.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Promoter Activity Is Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-κB Kinase-dependent *

The adverse effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are primarily mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha production by LPS-stimulated macrophages is regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Transcriptional regulation of the TNF-alpha gene is dependent on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). We examined the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of NF-kappaB that lead to TNF-alpha promoter activity. We determined a role for one or both of the recently identified inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinases, IkappaB kinase-1 and IkappaB kinase-2, in LPS induction of an NF-kappaB reporter and of TNF-alpha promoter activity. IkappaB kinase activation is one of the earliest signaling events known to be induced by LPS. Furthermore, our results suggest roles for the IkappaB kinases NF-kappaB-inducing kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 1 in the regulation of IkappaB kinase-2, as well as in LPS-induced TNF-alpha transcription.
Assessing immunogenicity in the presence of excess protein therapeutic using immunoprecipitation and quantitative mass spectrometry.

The administration of biological protein therapeutics can lead to an unwanted immune response resulting in the generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) with potentially harmful clinical consequences. Hence, to develop safe and efficacious biotherapeutics, the immunogenic potential needs to be examined during the development phase. Current assay technologies measuring ADAs are subject to interference by high circulating concentrations of the protein therapeutic, raising concerns about data reliability since protein therapeutic-free washout samples are not always available. Herein, we report the development and characterization of a magnetic bead based immunoprecipitation method followed by quantitative LC/MS to determine ADA in human and cynomolgus serum in the presence of high circulating concentrations of the protein therapeutic. Available ADA binding sites are saturated by the addition of excess therapeutic followed by magnetic bead based protein G isolation of IgG antibodies and their bound antigens be...
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Group II alkali-earth metal promoted catalysts

The effects of four Group II alkali-earth metals (barium, beryllium, calcium and magnesium) and potassium promoters on iron Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts product selectivity, syngas conversion and productivity are compared to the unpromoted iron catalyst. Iron FTS catalysts promoted with Group II alkali-earth metals have lower overall FTS activities and lower alpha values than a potassium promoted iron catalyst, but higher values than an unpromoted catalyst. All Group II metal promoters yielded similar carbon utilization as the unpromoted iron catalyst, but higher than a potassium promoted catalyst regardless of the space time. Carbon dioxide rates indicate that a potassium promoted iron catalyst possesses better water-gas shift (WGS) activity than any Group II metal promoted catalyst when both are operated at high CO conversions. Ca and Mg can even suppress the WGS activity below that of unpromoted iron catalysts. Among the Group II metals, a Ba promoted catalyst has the highest WGS activity while Mg and Ca promoted catalysts showed the lowest WGS activity. A potassium promoted catalyst generated the highest yield of CO2 and hydrocarbon, but the lowest methane and total liquid product (C5+) rate. All alkali promoted catalysts yielded higher total liquid rate, but lower gas fraction than unpromoted catalysts. Alkali-earth promoted catalysts produced a slightly higher C2–C4 olefin ratio, but a K promoted catalyst produced a notably higher C2 olefin fraction than Group II metal promoted catalysts.
Personality Assessment for School Psychologists: Considerations and Issues for Contemporary Practice

In-public education school psychologists can provide an invaluable service for children, families, and the community. Tragically, children are coping with an extraordinary range of mental health needs. Such issues as adolescent aggression, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, drug and alcohol addictions, and family dysfunction represent a sampling of problems. While cognitive assessment and behavioral rating has remained a cornerstone of training, many facets of personality assessment have been less of a focus for school psychology training and practice. Unfortunately, the reticence of school districts to allow school psychologists to provide personality assessments and the reluctance of training programs to teach personality assessment has resulted in a dearth in the identification of personality issues. This article reviews key issues impacting children's mental health and considers differing personality assessment models available for implementation in school...
Assessing the Effect of Incentive on Computer-Aided Design Intent

In today’s global and digital world, computer-aided design (CAD) can facilitate communication among design team members and make engineers more efficient. To meet the needs of the modern design team it is important that CAD models be formulated in a manner that is easily understood and that they can easily be altered. This work examines the role of an incentive to produce models quickly on feature selection, order, and organization (design intent). The role of design intent on model perception and the time required to alter a model is also investigated. The incentive to produce designs quickly is shown to have a negative effect on model attributes associated with proper design intent. Feature selection and organization are shown to affect model perception. The overall rating of a model is shown to be correlated with the time required to alter it. The importance of design intent on the perception of, and alteration time for, CAD models is shown.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Prostaglandins Fail to Elevate Cyclic AMP Levels in Mouse Epidermis In Vivo and In Vitro

Prostaglandin E 1 had no effect on mouse epidermal cyclic AMP levels either when applied percutaneously to shaven skin or when incubated in vitro with epidermal homogenates. Neither prostaglandin E 1 nor E 2 had any effect on cyclic AMP levels in a line of cultured mouse epidermal cells at doses from 0.1–10 μM.
Cardiac 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography after thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy

Abstract Background and purpose Previous studies have shown that increased cardiac uptake of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET) may be an indicator of myocardial injury after radiotherapy. We reviewed patients treated with thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and established correlations between SBRT dose and observed changes in cardiac FDG–PET uptake. Material and methods Retrospective analysis identified 39 patients that were treated with SBRT for lung tumors close to the heart. Patients were grouped according to whether or not they had changes in cardiac FDG–PET uptake within the planned SBRT field. Results At a median follow-up interval of 39months (range, 6–81months), nine patients (23%) showed increased cardiac FDG uptake associated with the heart V 20 . Of the 19 patients who received 20Gy to ⩾5cm 3 of the heart, nine (47%) developed increased FDG uptake (vs. 0% for the 20 patients who received 20Gy to 3 ) ( P =0.0004), all within the 20-Gy isodose line. Patients with hypercholesterolemia prior to SBRT were also more likely to show increased cardiac FDG uptake ( P =0.0190). Conclusion Increased FDG uptake in the heart after SBRT was observed when the 20Gy isodose line exceeded 5cm 3 of the heart.
A total synthesis of (±)-camptothecin

The pentacyclic alkaloid (±)-camptothecm (1) has been synthesized from the dihydropyridone derivative 13, through the intermediacy of the pyrone 15 and the ketolactone 19.
Radiotracer studies of gold adsorption and desorption on clean molybdenum surfaces

Abstract The adsorption and desorption of gold on heat-cleaned surfaces of polycrystalline molybdenum was studied at a residual gas pressure of 2×10 −9 torr. A radio-tracer method was used in a differential pumping system. The sticking coefficient was measured to be s = 0·99 ± 0·01 at beam densities up to 10 11 particles/cm 2 sec. The desorption probability per unit time was found to obey a relation w = w 0 exp(− E / kT ) with w 0 = 2 · 10 13 sec −1 and E = 4·2 ± 0·2 eV.
Law and Economic Development: The Cautionary Tale of Colonial Burma

Burmese colonial history suggests that a legal system cannot operate independently from the felt needs of the people who are supposed to obey the law. Despite a monopoly of force for many decades, the British failed to create a sustainable legal system in Burma. Colonial status shifted Burma’s economic role from subsistence agriculture to the generation of large-scale exports. By undermining the traditional Burmese legal system and substituting Western international standards of property rights, enforceability of contracts, and an independent judiciary—all attributes of what some consider to be the “Rule of Law”—the legal system amplified and channelled destructive economic and social forces rather than containing them. This paper examines traditional Burmese law, the administration of law in British Burma, and the consequences of the new legal system for the country and its own stability. The paper concludes by suggesting lessons for Myanmar today, and for the study of the “Rule of Law.”
Novel Nickel Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition

High-purity Ni films were deposited from tetrakis(trialkyl phosphite)nickel(0) complexes, which were volatile solids or liquids, at substrate temperatures as low as 200 °C in the absence of hydrogen. The films exhibited smooth and dense surface morphology. The AFM image shows a Ni film with rms roughness of 3.19 nm.
Nocturnal photographs taken from a U-2 airplane looking down on tops of clouds illuminated by lightning

Abstract Photographs have been taken at night from an airplane at an altitude of 20 km looking directly down on the tops of thunderclouds illuminated by lightning. The hard, cauliflower-like appearance of the clouds gives evidence that strong convective activity is present. In one case a well-organized system of convective structures is evident whose deepest folds, apparently caused by downdrafts, are estimated to extend into the cloud for depths of as much as several kilometers. Often the whole cloud top, approximately 10 km across, is diffusely illuminated by lightning that is occurring lower in the cloud. In most of these cases no lightning channels can be seen, but occasionally a few segments of channels are visible bridging the folds between the convective protuberances. A few photographs show thin, weak, lightning channels that come out of the top of the cloud, proceed horizontally for several hundred meters, and then terminate in the clear air above the cloud. When such channels can be seen, the ba...
Cardiac awareness before and after cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder

Abstract Recent cognitive-behavioral theories of panic disorder (PD) suggest that PD patients experience heightened anxiety over, and hypervigilance for, specific physical sensations. Researchers have recently begun to examine whether PD patients evidence heightened interoceptive awareness, relative to normals, with inconclusive results. The present study examined changes in cardiac awareness in 15 PD patients following cognitive-behavioral treatment. Before and after treatment, cardiac awareness was evaluated by having patients count heart beats during specified intervals while actual heart rate was monitored. Despite significant reductions in panic attacks and related symptomatology, cardiac awareness did not change on average, although some individual subjects showed dramatic changes in either direction. As was the case with the entire sample, a subgroup of patients who showed the greatest reduction in anxiety over panic sensations did not evidence significant changes in heart beat awareness. The implications of these results are discussed.
Collaborative event-driven coverage and rate allocation for event miss-ratio assurances in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are often required to provide event miss-ratio assurance for a given event type. To meet such assurances along with minimum energy consumption, this paper shows how a node's activation and rate assignment is dependent on its distance to event sources, and proposes a practical coverage and rate allocation (CORA) protocol to exploit this dependency in realistic environments. Both uniform event distribution and nonuniform event distribution are considered and the notion of ideal correlation distance around a clusterhead is introduced for on-duty node selection. In correlation distance guided CORA, rate assignment assists coverage scheduling by determining which nodes should be activated for minimizing data redundancy in transmission. Coverage scheduling assists rate assignment by controlling the amount of overlap among sensing regions of neighboring nodes, thereby providing sufficient data correlation for rate assignment. Extensive simulation results show that CORA meets the required event miss-ratios in realistic environments. CORA's joint coverage scheduling and rate allocation reduce the total energy expenditure by 85%, average battery energy consumption by 25%, and the overhead of source coding up to 90% as compared to existing rate allocation techniques.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF BIOMARKERS FOR HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN THE ADULT FONTAN PATIENT

Hepatic fibrosis is highly prevalent among adults with single ventricles and Fontan physiology. Few data exist to guide screening for liver disease in this population. Biomarkers, such as FibroSURE and hyaluronic acid (HA), are validated tests for hepatic fibrosis in viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver
The University and College Counseling Center and Malpractice Suits

This article provides the university and college counseling center with management suggestions for and discussion of malpractice suits regarding issues that refer to sexual abuse, potentially dangerous, and suicidal clients.
Correlates of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medication Usage Among Older Mexican Americans: The Hispanic EPESE Study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence rates of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication usage among community-dwelling older Mexican Americans. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of a regional probability sample of older Mexican Americans. SETTING: The 1992–1997 Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE), a probability sample of noninstitutionalized Mexican Americans, age 65 and over, living in the five Southwestern states of Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. PARTICIPANTS: 2899 persons, age 65 and over, considered Mexican American, using appropriate weighting procedures to produce regional estimates. OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of prescription and OTC medication within the last 2 weeks before the survey confirmed by in-home review of medication containers. RESULTS: Medication users consumed a mean of 2.9 prescription and 1.3 OTC medications. Over half (58.9%, n = 1,798) of the participants used at least one prescribed medication, and 31.3% (n = 847) used at least one OTC medication within the 2 weeks before their participation in the study. Factors associated with both prescription and OTC medication usage were self-perceived health and number of co-morbid conditions. Factors associated only with prescription medication usage included female gender, alcohol usage, ADL dependency, and presence of additional insurance. Structural assimilation was associated only with OTC medication usage. CONCLUSIONS: These data show lower prevalence rates of prescription medication usage among Mexican American older men and lower rates of OTC medication usage in older Mexican Americans of both genders than previously reported in other ethnic groups. This may reflect differences in time and geographic location of the Hispanic EPESE relative to other EPESE studies, ethnic differences in access to care as reflected by insurance in addition to Medicare, ethnic differences in survival, especially among males, or ethnic differences in medication preferences.
Compression Speed Enhancements to LZO for Multi-core Systems

This paper examines several promising throughput enhancements to the Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO) 1x-1-15 data compression algorithm. Of many algorithm variants present in the current library version, 2.06, LZO 1x-1-15 is considered to be the fastest, geared toward speed rather than compression ratio. We present several algorithm modifications tailored to modern multi-core architectures in this paper that are intended to increase compression speed while minimizing any loss in compression ratio. On average, the experimental results show that on a modern quad core system, a 3.9x speedup in compression time is achieved over the baseline algorithm with no loss to compression ratio. Allowing for a 25% loss in compression ratio, up to a 5.4x speedup in compression time was observed.
The Effects of Chemotherapy on Useful Field of View (UFOV) in Younger and Older Breast Cancer Patients

Chemotherapy is thought to cause cognitive deficits in some breast cancer patients, but the relative effects on older and younger breast cancer patients are unknown. The effects of chemotherapy on everyday cognitive tasks have not been examined. Thirty-eight female breast cancer survivors (3 to 45 months post chemotherapy) were compared to 55 age-matched control participants. Participants completed the Useful Field of View (UFOV), a computerized test of visual information processing that has been shown to decline with age, and which has been used to predict older adults' driving performance. Older chemotherapy patients performed more poorly than controls on the UFOV speed of processing, but not on the other two components. They also performed more poorly than younger chemotherapy patients. On the divided attention and selective attention components of the UFOV, older participants performed more poorly than younger participants, but there were no significant differences between chemotherapy patients and controls. These findings are explained in terms of brain changes thought to be caused by chemotherapy, which might have the most impact on older adults, already at risk for behavioral slowing.
Adolescent smokers rate delayed rewards as less certain than adolescent nonsmokers.

Abstract This research compared adolescent smokers ( n = 45) and nonsmokers ( n = 35) on ratings of certainty about receiving delayed rewards during a delay discounting procedure. Consistent with a previous finding [Patak, M., Reynolds, B., 2007. Question-based assessments of delay discounting: do respondents spontaneously incorporate uncertainty into their valuations for delayed rewards? Addict. Behav. 32, 351–357] participants generally rated the delayed rewards as increasingly uncertain with longer delays, and ratings of certainty were correlated with delay discounting ( r = .37). Also, the adolescent smokers rated the delayed rewards as significantly less certain than the nonsmokers. These findings indicate that adolescents who smoke cigarettes evaluate delayed outcomes as less certain than adolescents who do not smoke cigarettes.
Mooring lines connected to floating porous breakwaters

Abstract An analytical study is conducted to investigate the behavior of a flexible, porous, floating breakwater consisting of a compliant, beam-like porous structure anchored to the sea bed and kept under tension by a small buoyancy chamber at the tip. Additional stiffness is provided by mooring lines. The velocity potentials of the wave motion are coupled with the equation of motion of the breakwater. Analytical solutions in closed forms are obtained for the reflected and transmitted velocity potentials together with the displacement of the breakwater. The free-surface elevation, hydrodynamic force acting on the breakwater, and the overturning moment are determined. The dynamic response of the breakwater in terms of bending moment and shear force are also evaluated. For an impermeable flexible floating breakwater, the agreement between the present solutions and the existing numerical results is fairly good. The results also indicate that, for any finite rigidity breakwater, the transmission coefficient increases as porous effect increases whereas the reflection coefficient decreases. The hydrodynamic force on the breakwater increases as structural rigidity increases and the force decreases as porosity increases. It is found that the reflection coefficient and the hydrodynamic force on the breakwater increase with increases of the mooring line stiffness and angle. It is also found that the role played by the axial force is negligible.
Survival and Near Extinction of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) During Summer Aestivation in a Hemlock Plantation

Varying densities of the spring generation of the hemlock woolly adelgid were manipulated on 16 previously uninfested eastern hemlocks in an open-field plantation in Massachusetts. In contrast to experimentally created hemlock woolly adelgid populations in a forest, as reported previously, there was no evidence of density-dependent survival on a tree-wide basis in the plantation in the spring (progrediens) generation. There was, however, comparable density-dependent survival of settled crawlers and sexupara production when samples of the population were examined from branches with high density. Plantation hemlocks had 9.3 times more foliage and 10 times lower adelgid densities per cm than the forest hemlocks. These results show that density-dependent processes in the progrediens generation may only be evident when hemlock woolly adelgid density reaches a critical threshold. In the sistens generation that begins in midsummer, we counted a mean of 126 settled crawlers on marked branch on all 16 trees, but none of these adelgids survived the mid-summer aestivation phase, perhaps due to higher temperatures that were recorded in the plantation compared with a nearby hemlock forest, where 16% of the adelgids survived the aestivation phase. Whole tree counts of overwintering adelgids revealed that the adelgid populations had gone extinct on 13 out of the 16 trees. Mortality in the midsummer aestivation phase often exceeds overwintering mortality that has been widely thought to be the main factor that limits adelgid population growth and spread, particularly in northern states.
Immunogen structure and cell selection. II. Preparation of a minimal solid-phase immunogen for use in minicultures☆

Abstract A solid-phase haptenic immunogen has been prepared which is of extremely simple structure. This immunogen, DNP-PAB, is prepared through the reaction of the hydrazide derivative of polyacrylamide beads with dinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. A new method is presented for quantifying the number of haptenic groups. DNP-PAB is very immunogenic for dissociated mouse spleen cells in culture, and the anti-hapten response is highly specific.
Left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm as a sequelae of chronic pancreatitis: recognizing a life-threatening complication

Left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but important life-threatening complication of chronic pancreatitis. We report a case of a 54-year-old male with chronic pancreatitis who presented with history of severe abdominal pain. Following an initial suspicion of acute pancreatitis, a computed tomography of abdomen was obtained that showed a large left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm (4×4 cm) with circumferential thrombosis. The patient then underwent successful angiographic coiling of the aneurysm, thus preventing a potentially life-threatening hemorrhage. In conclusion, in patients with a history of chronic pancreatitis who present with abdominal pain, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for alternate causes of abdominal pain such as visceral aneurysms involving left gastric artery. Early recognition is critical and consequences of missing these lesions can be catastrophic.
Pharmacotherapy of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

The identification and treatment of children and adolescents with a bipolar disorder is often challenging and difficult. Many of the psychotropic agents used to treat adults with bipolar disorder may also be-used to treat children and adolescents with these disorders. Further controlled trials using combination pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorders are needed to advance the field of pediatric bipolarity and provide optimal care for these patients. There are multiple ongoing trials of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics that will provide important controlled data that are currently lacking in the field.
Photographic Plates as Detectors of Mesotron Showers

DURING the last two years we have been using photographic plates (Ilford R2 and New Halftone) for the study of cosmic rays at different altitudes. Both treated and untreated plates have been used for the purpose. In the present communication is reported the results obtained by keeping for five months untreated New Halftone plates in cardboard containers, vertically on their long sides, at Darjeeling (Mayapuri Research Station, elevation 2,130 m.) and at Sandakphu (Dak Bungalow, elevation 3,660 m.).
High-temperature charge-density studies of CeO2−x using x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques☆

High-resolution Bragg scattering experiments have been used to study the structure of polycrystalline CeO2−x. The in-situ experiments were carried out as a function of temperature (300<T<1500 K). The composition was controlled by flowing gases (CO / CO2 or Ar / O2 mixtures) over the sample. The results of both X-ray and neutron scattering experiments are used to define the principle atomic defects responsible for nonstoichiometry in CeO2−x. Large lattice relaxation effects are observed whose magnitudes increase with increasing defect concentration. Temperature-dependent studies of the stoichiometric state (x = 0), show that lattice anharmonic interactions are important. The symmetry of the lattice anharmonic interactions is the same as the static displacements observed in the nonstoichiometric state. Thus, we propose that lattice anharmonic interactions are the fundamental driving force for the complex strain interactions observed in the nonstoichiometric state.