cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Published international classification of retinoblastoma (ICRB) definitions contain inconsistencies--an analysis of impact.

Purpose: To determine the impact of subtle differences (most notably in their classification of group E eyes) in two published versions of the ICRB (Philadelphia and the Children's Hospital Los Angeles). Methods: Analysis of a series of 96 eyes with intra-ocular retinoblastoma. Results: The disparate criteria of the 2 published ICRB schemas affected group assignment of 5.2% of the eyes (25% of the group E eyes). Conclusion: Discrepancies need to be reconciled to ensure accurate and uniform application of the ICRB.
Spontaneous twist and intrinsic instabilities of pristine graphene nanoribbons

In pristine graphene ribbons, disruption of the aromatic bond network results in depopulation of covalent orbitals and tends to elongate the edge, with an effective force of fe ~ 2 eV/A (larger for armchair edges than for zigzag edges, according to calculations). This force can have quite striking macroscopic manifestations in the case of narrow ribbons, as it favors their spontaneous twisting, resulting in the parallel edges forming a double helix, resembling DNA, with a pitchλ t of about 15 20 lattice parameters. Through atomistic simulations, we investigate how the torsionτ~1/λt decreases with the width of the ribbon, and observe its bifurcation: the twist of wider ribbons abruptly vanishes and instead the corrugation localizes near the edges. The length-scale (λ e) of the emerging sinusoidal “frill” at the edge is fully determined by the intrinsic parameters of graphene, namely its bending stiffness D=1.5 eV and the edge force fe withλ e ~D/fe. Analysis reveals other warping confi gurations and suggests their sensitivity to the chemical passivation of the edges, leading to possible applications in sensors.
Ævol: A tool for defining and planning architecture evolution

Architecture evolution is a key feature of most software systems. There are few tools that help architects plan and execute these evolutionary paths. We demonstrate a tool to enable architects to describe evolution paths, associate properties with elements of the paths, and perform tradeoff analysis over these paths.
Prudential Financial, Inc.: Stockholders' Equity and Balance Sheet Leverage

Prudential Financial was a financial-services company whose stock value has declined due to the financial crisis that took hold of the markets in 2008 and to investor concerns regarding the financial leverage of financial-services companies during this time. Prudential’s balance sheet, income statement, and statement of stockholders’ equity are shown in exhibits accompanying the case. Each statement was presented by the company in its 2007 annual report to shareholders. Students are asked to answers a series of questions using these exhibits.
Pharmacologic resistance in colorectal cancer: a review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) persists as one of the most prevalent and deadly tumor types in both men and women worldwide. This is in spite of widespread, effective measures of preventive screening, and also major advances in treatment options. Despite advances in cytotoxic and targeted therapy, resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in long-term management of incurable metastatic disease and eventually contributes to death as tumors accumulate means of evading treatment. We performed a comprehensive literature search on the data available through PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the ASCO Annual Symposium abstracts through June 2015 for the purpose of this review. We discuss the current state of knowledge of clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies now in use for the treatment of CRC.
Conclusion: ‘Death Is Only Their Desire’

This book began with the gruesome record made by Reverend John Ward of a mastectomy operation carried out on ‘Mrs Townsend’. In 1666, Ward added the following account: Mrs. Townsend, of Alverston, being dead of a cancer, Mr. Eedes and I opened her breast in the outward part, and found it very cancrous; it had been broken, and a mellicerous part was yet remaining when we saw it, which being launct, yielded two porringers full of a very yellow substance…The flesh that was growne againe, after part was taken out, was of a hard gristly substance, which seemed very strange. The ribbs were not putrefied as we could discerne, nor anything within the breast of a cancrous nature, for we runne the knife with-inside the breast through the intercostal muscles. Dr. Needham hath affirmed that a cancer is as much within as without the breast, and he hath seen a string, as I was told, going from the breast to the uterus. I suppose it was the mammillarie veins full of knotts which were cancrous, and hung much like ropes of onions. The cancer was a strange one, as was evident; we wanted spunges and other things convenient, or else we had opened the cavitie of the breast.1
The Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors with the Burnout Syndrome in Dentists in Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of psychosocial risk factors with the burnout syndrome in 144 dentists. Semi structured interviews were made and the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Psychosocial Risk Factors Questionnaire were implemented. The results determined a direct relation between the Commuting to Work dimension of psychosocial risk factors and the MBI Burnout Syndrome (rp = 0.23; rp = 0.21 y rp = ?0.23; p < 0.05). The data classified 10% of the participants at a severe level of low Personal Realization in combination with Social Situations and Commuting of the psychosocial risk factors. They also reported Emotional Exhaustion of the burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The percentage of dentists with a high burnout level was similar to that reported in other studies and showed a significant relationship with Commute Situations as a psychosocial risk factor.
Abstract A53: Antiangiogenic activity of GER, a derivative of sweet leaf tea extract, is mediated by the downregulation of bFGF and VEGF

Mounting evidence indicates that angiogenesis is essential for the proliferation and survival of number of malignant diseases, thus inhibition of angiogenesis might be an effective therapeutic strategy. Antiangiogenic agent that targets both bFGF and VEGF (VEGFR) are considered to be effective adjuncts to the treatment of solid tumors or cancer preventive. Chinese sweet leaf tea, a hot water extract of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (Rosaceae) (RUS) has been reported to have antiangiogenic activities evidenced by its ability to inhibit the angiogenic initiation and growth of human placental vein tissue (Liu et al., Phytother, Res. 20: 806-813, 2006) and experimental corneal neovascularization (Hakan, O.F., et al, Pharmaceu. Biol. 45: 44-47, 2007). We reported that this particular extract has the ability to inhibit the endothelial tubule formation, migration, and VEGF (VEGFR) of the HUVEC cells (Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res, 1432, 2009). Here we investigated the anti-angiogenic activity of GER, a combination of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rubusoside purified from the RUS and the relevant molecular mechanisms using HUVEC cells. Our preliminary data demonstrated that GER (5 to 25 µg/ml) markedly inhibited migration of HUVEC cells compared to the vehicle control. This inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. At a similar concentration, the endothelial tubule formation was almost completely inhibited. When HUVEC cells were treated with GER (5 to 20 µg/ml), the expression of both bFGF and VEGF were markedly inhibited even at the lowest starting concentration. These inhibitory effects were also concentration-dependent. To further confirm the involvement of VEGF pathway in GER-induced anti-angiogenic activity, the protein level of tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) was examined. Intriguingly, the expression of Flk-1 was significantly suppressed in HUVEC cells treated with GER (40 µg/ml) by 54.1% ± 2.3% in comparison to that of vehicle control. In contrast, VEGFR2 kinase activity and protein levels of VEGFR1 remained unchanged compared to that of the vehicle control. These results suggest that GER derived from the sweet leaf tea extract may be completely responsible for the observed anti-angiogenic effect of the sweet leaf tea reported previously by down-regulating proangiogenic factors bFGF and VEGF. The chemopreventive effect of GER and its parent extract RUS on the development of human pancreatic carcinoma (L3.6pl cells) in mouse orthotopic model is currently under investigation and will be reported. This study was supported by NIH grant 1R21 AT002882-01A2. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A53.
Crossing Borders: Race, Gender, and Their Intersections in Interracial Couples

This study explores how interracial couples experience their life together and negotiate race and gender in their relationships. Ten black-white couples were interviewed individually and conjointly...
Quantitative Inquisition of pka Values for Covalent Hydrides in Aqueous Solution

The topological index( 1E ) can be used to characterize the size, branching and shape of covalent hydrides, and bond energy between hyarogen atom and the elemental atom of p-zone in the periodic table. With this, a quatitative formula for calculating the pka values for covalent hyarides in aqueous solution is obtained, i.e.pka=3.8788 1E-23.867Hence we can take this formula to predict the pka values of 16 kinds of covalent hydrides in aqueous solution. The mean error between the results of observation and calculation is within 1.7644.
Research on selschin of support membrane and adsorbing process of PDM for hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane

The effect of support membrane on the separation performances of poly[2-(N,N-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate](PDM) / polysulfone(PSF) hollow fiber composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane and PDM adsorption on the support membrane is investigated. The results show that the support membrane, which has finger-pore, is fit to prepare composite nanofiltration membrane. The adsorbing time of PDM on the outside surface of PSF hollow fiber membrane is short, about 60 s. The viscosity of aqueous PDM solution and the adsorbed PDM quantities increased with ethanol is added in the solution. The rejection is 98%, and the flux of NF membrane is 17.4 L/(m2·h).
Implementation Effects of Tuberculosis Control Program in Zixing from 2005 to 2009

Objective To evaluate the effect of implementation of TB control program supported by the World Bank in ZiXing during the period of 2005~2009.Methods The data about the quarterly accounts,year reports and the relevant surveys of pulmonary TB from 2005 to 2009 were statistically analyzed.Results In the five years(2005-2009),the rate of coverage within DOTS strategy to the township and the community as a unit was 100%,dealing with 5,476 cases of suspicious pulmonary tuberculosis,and 837 cases of smear positive were found.In these cases,800 cases were new smear positive,and the others were re-treatment smear positive cases.The average curative rate of new smear positive cases was 97.25%.Conclusions The effect of TB control program supported by the World Bank is obvious after implementation of DOTS in Zixing.
ABCA1 agonist peptides for the treatment of disease.

Purpose of reviewThe review summarizes information pertaining to the preclinical development of new apolipoprotein (apo) E mimetic peptides that stimulate cellular cholesterol efflux.Recent findingsSmall α-helical peptides based on the C-terminal domain of apoE have been developed for therapeutic ap
Conceptual design of X band waveguide dual circular polarizer

A new design of dual circular polarizer is presented in this paper. This innovative design converts radiofrequency (rf) energy from TE10 mode in a rectangular waveguide to two polarized TE11 modes in a circular waveguide. A reflection less than $\ensuremath{-}20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{db}$ is achieved and breakdown field is less than $42\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ at input of 1 MW. Meanwhile, this polarizer has a megahertz bandwidth, and the thermal stability is also discussed. This device can be used for broadcasting and receiving the circular polarized signals.
Blood, Life, and Atonement: ReassessingHebrews’ Christological Appropriation of Yom Kippur

This chapter states that Hebrews' appeal to Yom Kippur needs to be understood in terms of the author's emphasis on the post-crucifixion life of Jesus. The author argues that Jesus' death on the cross is not the place or the primary means of atonement for the author of Hebrews. The chapter focuses on three of the main problems a thesis encounters in contemporary Hebrews' commentary: the assumption that the cross/death of Jesus is the center of atonement in Hebrews; the general opinion that the author of Hebrews does not consider Jesus' resurrection to be a discrete event that contributes to the Christology and soteriology developed in the epistle; and, that Yom Kippur has two key moments that the author correlates with the Christological and soteriological agenda of his epistle. Keywords:Atonement; Hebrews; Jesus' resurrection; Yom Kippur
Influence of Exercise and Stage of Lactation on the Milk Somatic Cell Response of Normal Quarters to Adrenocorticotrophin

Intramuscular injections of 200 IU of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) for 4 consecutive days failed to elicit detectable increases in the somatic cell content of milk from normal quarters despite large and sustained increases in the concentration of circulating leukocytes. Neither exercise nor stage of lactation had any detectable effect on the milk somatic cell response to ACTH. During midlactation (86 days in milk, 26 kg daily production) milk somatic cell counts for uninfected and Corynebacterium bovis-infected quarters averaged 28 and 77 × 103 cells/ml of milk, respectively, and during late lactation (302 days in milk, 5-kg daily production), 28 and 58 × 103 cells/ml of milk. The data suggest that neither ACTH nor late lactation will increase the concentration of milk somatic cells in quarters free from mastitis pathogens. These results support the use of the somatic cell concentration of milk as a criterion on which to assess milk quality.
What Did I Ask You to Do, by When, and for Whom?: Passion and Compassion in Request Management

Request management occurs at an intersection of CSCW and personal information management (i.e., to-do management), with particular emphasis on social relationships and organizational accountability. We explore diverse work practices and representations for person-to-person requests in organizations, detailing the scatter of communications channels, difficulty of aggregation and prioritization, differences due to context, and the sometimes extraordinary effort and passion that knowledge workers expend on this part of their work, as well as the compassion with which they view their colleagues' efforts. We close with a proposal for the study of socially implicated objects in physical and/or virtual organizations, and implications for the design of services to support request management.
Listing, Donor Allocation and Optimization of the Pre-transplant Patient

Once evaluation as a potential transplant candidate is complete, there are still many processes that a patient must undergo before receiving a donor heart. All transplant candidates spend time on the waitlist after listing; the current donor heart shortage means that unfortunately, waitlist mortality remains a significant problem [1]. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the listing process, the current US system of heart allocation as well as current controversies and potential changes; finally, optimization of the patient prior to transplant will also be covered.
A Cash-back Rebate Program for Healthy Food Purchases in South Africa: Selection and Program Effects in Self-reported Diet Patterns.

OBJECTIVES A South African insurer launched a rebate program for healthy food purchases for its members, but only available in program-designated supermarkets. To eliminate selection bias in program enrollment, we estimated the impact of subsidies in nudging the population towards a healthier diet using an instrumental variable approach. METHODS Data came from a health behavior questionnaire administered among members in the health promotion program. Individual and supermarket addresses were geocoded and differential distances from home to program-designated supermarkets versus competing supermarkets were calculated. Bivariate probit and linear instrumental variable models were performed to control for likely unobserved selection biases, employing differential distances as a predictor of program enrollment. RESULTS For regular fast-food, processed meat, and salty food consumption, approximately two-thirds of the difference between participants and nonparticipants was attributable to the intervention and one-third to selection effects. For fruit/ vegetable and fried food consumption, merely one-eighth of the difference was selection. The rebate reduced regular consumption of fast food by 15% and foods high in salt/sugar and fried foods by 22%- 26%, and increased fruit/vegetable consumption by 21% (0.66 serving/day). CONCLUSIONS Large population interventions are an essential complement to laboratory experiments, but selection biases require explicit attention in evaluation studies conducted in naturalistic settings.
Pass the Control(ler): Shifting of Power in Families Through Intergenerational Gaming

Interpersonal power, an influential force in relationships, changes over time. Older adults may experience diminishing power as roles in the family shift, leading to negative physical and emotional outcomes. In this study, we examined the potential of joint video gameplay to build or restore power in intergenerational family relationships. Participants (n = 102) were asked to play video games together over a period of six weeks. Participants completed a modified version of the Interpersonal Power Inventory [34] before and after the treatment and responded to a series of open-ended questions post-treatment. Results indicate an increase in referent, expert, and informational power for older adults, and an increase of referent and reward power for younger adults. These findings suggest that with careful design and consideration of current and potential players, video games have the capacity to positively impact families, and social life in general, by generating positive distribution of power among family members.
Racial Disparities in Delivery Gestational Age among Twin Pregnancies

Objective This study aims to estimate the association between maternal race and delivery gestational age among women with twin gestations. Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized control trial of 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate versus placebo for preterm birth (PTB) prevention in twin gestations. Non-Hispanic (NH) black and whites were included. Demographic and antenatal characteristics were compared. The primary outcome was delivery gestational age. Secondary outcomes included a composite of major neonatal morbidity. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated survival probabilities for delivery gestational age by race. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 535 women with twin gestations were included; 150 were NH black. NH blacks delivered earlier than NH whites (33.6 ± 4.8 weeks vs. 35.1 ± 3.5 weeks, p Conclusion NH blacks with twin gestations have an increased risk of early delivery and neonatal morbidity compared with NH whites.
CGT Adaptive Control of Non-ASPR Plants with Nonlinearities of Known Form

Abstract A unified approach to supplementary dynamics for the CGT approach to direct model reference adaptive control of non-ASPR plants is extended to include plants with nonlinearities of known form. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the output error to be asymptotically vanishing without the need for an assumption that the nonlinearities are known to be bounded functions. An example of a ship autopilot for a third order ship model with a cubic nonlinearity is presented.
The Value of Perioperative Levels of ACTH, DHEA, and DHEA-S and Tumor Size in Predicting Recurrence of Cushing Disease

Context and Objectives Despite the development of hypocortisolemia after corticotroph surgical adenomectomy, 15% to 20% patients have recurrence of Cushing disease (CD). In this study, we investigated the effect of tumor size and the value of perioperative assessment of corticotropin (ACTH) and adrenal steroid levels in predicting recurrence. Design Perioperatively, no glucocorticoids were administered until the serum cortisol was ≤3 μg/dL. Blood samples were obtained before and repeatedly after adenomectomy in 79 patients with CD. Of these, 66 had a nadir serum cortisol of ≤3.0 μg/dL and clinical and biochemical remissions. During a median follow-up of 131 months, 11 of 66 had disease recurrence (REC), whereas 55 of 66 did not (NO-REC). Results Preoperative hormone levels in the REC and NO-REC groups were similar. After adenomectomy, a brief and similar increase in ACTH, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels was observed in both groups followed by gradual decline in those levels. Although REC and NO-REC patients had similar cortisol levels (3.4 ± 1.7 μg/dL vs 2.9 ± 2.2 μg/dL) at the 36th postoperative hour, their respective ACTH (33 ± 7.1 ng/L vs 12.1 ± 5.4 ng/L; P 20 in all REC patients and <20 ng/L in the NO-REC group. Patients with REC had larger tumors than those with NO-REC. Conclusion Recurrent CD is characterized by persistent perioperative ACTH secretion after adenomectomy. Higher perioperative levels of ACTH, DHEA, and DHEA-S are highly predictive of future disease recurrence, particularly in those with profound hypocortisolemia.
A Comparison of NOOP to Structural Domain-Theoretic Models of OOP

Mainstream object-oriented programming languages such as Java, C#, C++ and Scala are all almost entirely nominally-typed. NOOP is a recently developed domain-theoretic model of OOP that was designed to include full nominal information found in nominally-typed OOP. This paper compares NOOP to the most widely known domain-theoretic models of OOP, namely, the models developed by Cardelli and Cook, which were structurally-typed models. Leveraging the development of NOOP, the comparison presented in this paper provides a clear and precise mathematical account for the relation between nominal and structural OO type systems.
New-onset congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors: A population-based study.

10011Background: CRC is primarily a disease of the elderly. The high burden of pre-existing comorbidities alone or in concert with cancer treatment place the older patients with CRC at increased risk of new-onset morbidities, specifically, CVD and CHF. However, the magnitude of risk of new-onset morbidity, and its association with pre-existing comorbidities or treatment remain unknown. Methods: Using SEER-Medicare data, we evaluated individuals diagnosed with incident stage I-III CRC at age ≥66y between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2011 who had survived ≥2y after diagnosis (n = 57,256; 77% with colon cancer). We compared these to an age, sex-, and race-frequency matched comparison group of non-cancer Medicare patients (n = 104,731). We evaluated new-onset CHF and CVD using competing risk cumulative incidence functions and multivariable Cox regression models. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 77y (66-106y); 45% males; and 85% non-Hispanic white. Median follow-up was 8y (2-14y) from diagnosis of CRC. Treatment...
Preoperative functional health status impacts outcomes after ventral hernia repair.

Abstract Associated with the aging population is an increase in comorbidities and a decrease in the ability to perform basic daily activities. This is tracked within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) as a patient's preoperative functional health status. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of preoperative functional status upon outcomes after ventral hernia repair. We reviewed all cases of patients that underwent ventral hernia repair from 2005 to 2010 in the ACS-NSQIP database. Patients were identified based on selected Current Procedural Terminology codes and grouped based on functional status as listed in the ACS-NSQIP database-independent, partially dependent, and totally dependent. Preoperative and operative variables were recorded for all patients. Clinical risk factors and short-term outcomes between groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for age, wound class, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and case relative value units. A total of 76,397 patients were identified: 74,785 were independent (97.9%), 1,317 partially dependent (1.7%), and 295 totally dependent (0.4%). Totally dependent patients had an increased risk for all short-term outcomes after ventral hernia repair: wound occurrence, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, sepsis, return to the operating room, and death (P < 0.001 for all).
Optimal Inventory Policy in Assembly Systems with Component Commonality

The problem of multiplant coordination involves coordinating a chain of facilities in which the upstream facilities of the chain supply components and subassemblies to the ones downstream and the final assembly facility meets the demands for the finished goods. In order to meet the external demand which is stochastic, with a certain high probability, it is necessary to maintain inventories at various levels. The presence of commonality of components among various products can be exploited to reduce the safety stock levels in such systems.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Versus Clomiphene Citrate in the Young Hypogonadal Male.

The use of testosterone to treat hypogonadal symptoms has increased during the past decade. Consequently, one clinical challenge that has arisen is how to approach the young and treatment-naive hypogonadal patient who is still within his reproductive years and may desire children in the future. Testosterone is known to suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis resulting in suppressed spermatogenesis. There is a concern that, in some men, prolonged testosterone use may result in permanent spermatogenic failure. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this review, we discuss the risks and benefits of available treatment options for the young hypogonadal patient for whom future fertility is an important consideration. Fortunately, alternatives such as clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin have been shown to increase endogenous testosterone production. However, their efficacy as treatments for hypogonadal symptoms is still under debate.
Induction of DNA Damage by Light Ions Relative to 60Co γ-rays.

Abstract The specific types and numbers of clusters of DNA lesions, including both DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB clusters, are widely considered 1 of the most important initiating eve...
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Embolization with Onyx®: The “Tattoo Effect”

Endoscopic intervention is well validated for the control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). In cases of refractory bleeding, transarterial embolization is a safe and effective alternative. Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) commonly known as Onyx® is an inherently black liquid embolic approved for use in cerebrovascular arteriovenous malformations and is increasingly used as an embolic agent in multiple peripheral and visceral territories. Onyx® has a uniquely undesirable property of causing black color discoloration when used in peripheral applications adjacent to the skin akin to a “tattoo effect.” Knowledge of the agents used by the interventional radiologist, clinical correlation, and close follow-up can be of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. Here, we report a case demonstrating this “tattoo effect” on the gastric mucosa following UGIB embolization.
An exploratory analysis of individual differences in mind wandering content and consistency.

We conducted an exploratory study of adult individual differences in the contents of mind-wandering experiences and in the moment-to-moment consistency of that off-task thought content within tasks. This secondary analysis of a published dataset (Kane et al., 2016) examined the content-based thought reports that 472–541 undergraduates made within five probed tasks across three sessions, and tested whether executive-control abilities (working memory capacity, attention-restraint ability), or personality dimensions of schizotypy (positive, disorganized, negative), predicted particular contents of task-unrelated thought (TUT) or the (in)stability of TUT content across successive thought reports. Latent-variable models indicated trait-like consistency in both TUT content and short-term TUT-content stability across tasks and sessions; some subjects mind-wandered about some things more than others, and some subjects were more temporally consistent in their TUT content than were others. Higher executive control was associated with more evaluative thoughts about task performance and fewer thoughts about current physical or emotional states; higher positive and disorganized schizotypy was associated with more fantastical-daydream and worry content. Contrary to expectations, executive ability correlated positively with TUT instability: higher-ability students had more shifting and varied TUT content within a task. Post hoc analysis suggested that better executive control predicted inconsistent TUT content because it also predicted shorter streaks of mind-wandering; tuning back in to task-related thought may decouple trains of off-task thought and afford novel spontaneous or cued thought content. [Data, sample analysis scripts and output, and article preprint are available via the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/guhw7/].
Lipid Review and Teaching Tips in Nutrition

This paper reviews lipid structure, function, digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Tips to teach this subject area in college-level health education courses are offered along with the review.
“Who Cares?”: Investigating Consistency in Expressions of Racial Apathy among Whites:

Survey researchers theorize that how whites express racial prejudice changes across time. They argue one of its contemporary forms is racial apathy (i.e., not caring about racial equality). However...
The Effect of Noun Phrase Grammar on the Affective Meaning of Social Identity Concepts

We examine the influences of determiners (a/an, the, and all) and grammatical number (singular or plural) on the affective meaning of social identity concepts. Some linguistic evidence suggests that changes in the grammatical form of a noun phrase may shift its affective meaning, while other research highlights the importance of context for such shifts. We conceptualize and measure affective meaning in terms of evaluation (goodness), potency, and activity drawn from research in affect control theory (ACT), a social psychological theory of culture and language. In two experiments, participants rate 28 social identity concepts, which are either count or collective nouns, presented in one of five grammatical forms. In congruence with ACT, the data support that the bulk of a concept’s affective meaning is carried by the noun itself, rather than by the grammatical features of the noun phrase in which the concept is expressed.
Loss of spawning habitat and prerecruits of Pacific cod during a Gulf of Alaska heatwave

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) stocks in the Gulf of Alaska experienced steep, unexpected declines following an unprecedented 3-year marine heatwave (i.e., “warm blob”) from 2014 to 2016. We con...
Chloride Dynamics in Urban Streams: An Eastern Iowa Case Study

A series of urban stream and snowmelt samples collected 2017-2018 provide a localized understanding of seasonal chloride concentrations in urban streams and establishes baseline knowledge of condit...
Behavioral processes and risk for problem substance use in adolescents

This narrative review examines associations of delay discounting, response inhibition, sensation-seeking, and urgency with adolescent problem substance use. Each of these processes is linked to adult substance use disorders, is associated with conditions linked to increased risk for adolescent problem substance use, and predicts problem substance use. Notably, all processes are linked to early life adversity (ELA) exposure and most appear to help explain links between ELA exposure and problem substance use. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature indicating ELA interferes with the development of neural circuits crucial to cognitive functioning and emotion regulation. Further, developmental trajectories of these processes generally align with maturational imbalance hypotheses of adolescent risk. Ongoing and pending large longitudinal studies may be essential for better understanding how ELA and other influences shapes these processes and the role of these processes in risk for problem substance use in adolescence and beyond. Finally it is possible that risk-related processes may be useful metrics in the context of implementing and evaluating strategies to prevent problem substance use in adolescence.
Analysis of the Impact of Interest Rate Liberalization on Commercial Banks

The reform of China's interest rate marketization has basically been completed, and commercial banks, which are one of the main players in the financial market, will inevitably be affected. This paper starts from the framework of commercial banks' "three principles ", namely, security, liquidity and profitability, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities brought by the interest rate marketization reform to China's commercial banks. Then the paper analyzes the characteristics of the two kinds of interest rate marketization models in the world, namely "gradual" and "radical", and concludes that the "gradual" reform model represented by the United States and other countries is also adopted by China. Reform path. Therefore, taking the Wells Fargo Bank and the Savings and Loan Association of the United States as an example to learn from the success and failure experience of American commercial banks in the process of interest rate marketization is conducive to the development of China's commercial banks. Finally, in response to the challenge of interest rate marketization to China's commercial banks, this paper puts forward the following suggestions combined with international experience: From a security standpoint, the state should improve the benchmark interest rate system and deposit insurance system, and banks should enhance risk awareness and establish from the perspective of liquidity.
Evaluation of an online motivational interviewing training program for rehabilitation professionals: A pilot study.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of an online motivational interviewing training program for rehabilitation professionals.Design:Pre-post design with two groups.Setting:Pr...
Pursuing Common Ground: Nondisaffiliative Rhetorical Questions in Mandarin Conversations

Rhetorical questions have been regularly observed to implement disaffiliative actions in conversations such as challenging, complaining, or retorting. This article, however, reports on nondisaffili...
Scanning for cultural competency in online urban planning programs

This article investigates online urban planning degree programs. The Covid-19 pandemic forced urban planning programs to pivot to online delivery instantly. However, there is little preexisting knowledge on online learning in place-making fields of study both in the literature and in practice. Meanwhile, working and learning from home is expected to continue as part of urban planning education and practice. The key tension of teaching urban planning online, as a traditional place-dependent field, is the starting point for our inquiry in this article. To understand the state of online urban planning programs, an internet search was conducted. A database of 176 higher education programs was created that identified only eight online programs including degree-granting and certificate programs in urban planning. These urban planning program results were concentrated in the western United States. Key challenges in online learning were identified through a literature review, including pedagogical efforts in skill transfer and multiculturalism. The eight-program curriculum strategies were analyzed through a qualitative case study analysis. A discussion on the tactics during the transition from in-person to online education in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at California State Polytechnic University Pomona is also presented. This article provides online urban planning program information for educators currently teaching online and for those interested in creating an online program. Online programs in place-specific fields such as urban planning have particular challenges in understanding communities without site visits, ethnography, or robust in-person community engagement. Online urban planning programs must make additional efforts to achieve a social, collaborative learning and practice environment.
The Partnership Allocation Rules of Section 704(b): To Be or Not to Be

The partnership allocation regulations under Section 704(b) are discussed and analyzed. These regulations provide rules under which a partnership may allocate items of income and deduction among its partners. The regulations are divided into 2 parts: 1. the substantial economic effect rules, which address allocations attributable to equity investments and recourse borrowings, and 2. the rules for allocating nonrecourse deductions, or allocations attributable to nonrecourse debt. The rules that provide for the allocation of partnership nonrecourse deductions and a host of others can be traced to a single source, the Supreme Court's decision in Crane v. Commissioner (1947), which permits nonrecourse debt used to acquire or improve property to be included in the basis of that property. The Crane decision has generated a plethora of rules designed to prevent abuses and attempt to make for a coherent system, all of which has dug a very deep hole. The answer is not to tinker with the code and regulations in the hope of making them more rational, but to throw in the towel, legislatively overrule Crane, and no longer permit nonrecourse debt to be included in basis.
Why top people can shortlist their employer: It is all to do with emphasizing employability over employment

Purpose – Emphasizes the soft and hard skills needed to put a person in a position to shortlist his or her employer. Design/methodology/approach – Shares seven tools to fast-track a career. Outlines tips to build career capital. Findings – Advances the view that there is no permanent employment but only permanent employability. Practical implications – Argues that the findings can be applied in any industry or sector of the economy. Social implications – Examines why the modern business world rewards the greater flexibility associated with employability over employment. Originality/value – Turns the spotlight on acquiring the right mindset, tool set and skill set to be able to shortlist an employer.
CISG Article 31: When Substantive Law Rules Affect Jurisdictional Results

Judicial application of Article 31 of the U.N. Sales Convention has proved that the determination of the place of performance of the seller's obligation can have implications beyond just the substantive effect of that obligation. In fact, many of the cases dealing with this article apply its substantive rules primarily for purposes of determining jurisdictional outcome. This raises important questions of uniformity in the application of the Convention.CISG Article 31 provides four rather specific rules for determining the? place of performance of the seller's delivery obligation, each depending on party choices and the type of contract relationship-involved. These rules are important for both contract formation and dispute resolution purposes. The fact that parties may structure a transaction to avoid the three default rules of Article 31 makes important a clear understanding of the import and effect of these rules.This paper begins with a review of the substantive rules found in CISG Article 31. It then discusses the cases under the Brussels and Lugano Conventions that rely on Article 31 to help determine the existence of jurisdiction in a court other than a court in the state of the defendant's domicile. This is compared with the approach to jurisdiction in the United States that makes the Article 31 rules less likely to have significance for jurisdictional purposes. Finally, a series of hypothetical cases is used in order to explore these differences and to consider further aspects of the relationship between CISG rules of substantive law and rules of jurisdiction. The paper concludes that Article 31 is an example of a CISG provision for which the "homeward trend" will have different impact in differing legal systems, particularly in its application to jurisdictional questions.
Prospectus on the economic value of clinical pharmacy services. A position statement of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

A prospectus is a formal summary or brief of a proposed venture. The purpose of this document is therefore to present an overview of the current documentation available to support the economic value of clinical pharmacy services, and to propose a course of action for future documentation of such value based on need. Although much overlap often exists among clinical, distributive, and administrative pharmacy services, this document addresses only those areas in which the predominant service provided is clinical. It was prepared by members of the Clinical Practice Affairs Committee of the ACCP and approved by the Board of Regents on April 10,1988.
The question of antisemitism in American medical faculties, 1900–1945 1

Bien que l'antisemitisme n'ait jamais eu l'adhesion du gouvernement aux Etats-Unis, il est present dans certains aspects de la vie publique dans la premiere partie du XX e siecle. Les Juifs americains rencontraient de serieuses oppositions lorsqu'il s'agissait de penetrer dans le domaine tres prise de la medecine. On a neglige les restrictions qui pesaient sur les Juifs a l'entree des facultes de medecine. On peut les inscrire dans le courant xenophobe qui accompagne l'afflux des immigrants en provenance de l'Europe de l'Est. Cette attitude se dissipe dans les annees 1940
Follow‐up of biologic monitoring results in cadmium workers removed from exposure

Biological monitoring and exposure monitoring data for employees at a nickel-cadmium battery production facility were made available to OSHA for review. Sixteen employees were medically removed from occupational exposures to cadmium due to elevated levels of biological parameters (CdB, Cdu, B2U). While the biological monitoring parameters for most workers significantly declined during the 18 months of medical removal, the biological parameters for only one employee's values returned to the normal range. Only one worker had frank renal dysfunction, based on beta-2-microglobulin levels at the time of removal; this dysfunction remained throughout the 17 months of observation after medical removal. Significant policy implications of medical removal protection beyond the current 18-month period provided by the cadmium standards exist and require physician discretion. Mitigating issues which may make it ethically appropriate to return an employee to work despite elevated biologic monitoring parameters are also discussed.
601 The Water Method Is Associated With Higher Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR) - A Head-to-Head Comparative Study

methods and outcomes following EUS and IOUS-guided ethanol injection of insulinomas. Methods: We report on patients with symptomatic insulinoma who underwent EUS or IOUS guided ethanol injection. Patients were contacted and charts reviewed to determine outcomes. Results: 6 patients (mean age 70; range 57-82) underwent EUS (n 4) or IOUS (n 2) FNI of 99% ethanol. All patients reported frequent and often severe neuroglycopenic and sympathoadrenal manifestations for a mean of 6.1 years (range 0.1-20) prior to treatment, with a blood sugar nadir of 22 mg/dL (range 9-25). Surgery was not performed because of comorbidities (n 2), recent incomplete resection (n 1), or tumor location requiring pancreaticoduodenectomy (n 3). Tumors were located in the pancreatic head (n 4), body (n 1), or tail (n 1) and measured 16.6mm (range 11-21) at EUS. For the 2 patients undergoing IOUS, 1 treatment session was performed. For the 4 patients undergoing EUS FNI, a mean of 2.3 (range 1-3) treatment sessions were performed with 3 (range 2-5) injections per session. A volume of 0.75ml (0.12-3.0) and 1.2ml (0.8-1.5) was injected via EUS and IOUS, respectively, per session. No complication developed during or following EUS FNI. Following IOUS one patient had minor bleeding and the other developed a 1.7cm fluid collection in the ablative bed and an 8 cm pseudocyst, which did not require intervention. During the 24 hours following the first treatment, during which 5 patients received intravenous dextrose, the mean lowest blood sugar value was 73 mg/dL (range 40-100) and the mean highest blood sugar was 162 mg/dL (range 145-249). No hypoglycemic symptoms were reported during this time. Patients have been followed a mean of 14 months (range 3-29) since their last treatment. Reported mean lowest blood sugar during follow-up was 96 mg/ dL (range 60-135) and the mean highest blood sugar was 135 mg/dL (range 110180). 3 patients no longer require anti-hypoglycemic medications, while 3 receive low dose Diazoxide (mean 53mg/d). 4 report absence of all hypoglycemic-related symptoms. The other 2 patients note significant clinical improvement with mild symptoms occurring twice weekly to bimonthly, easily managed on an outpatient basis. Conclusions: Our experience suggests the safety and efficacy of direct EUS or IOUS guided FNI of ethanol for treatment of symptomatic insulinoma. This modality may be appropriate for lesions requiring extensive resection and for poor operative candidates. Further study is needed to refine the technique and clarify its clinical role.
Aspects of low- and high-frequency actuation for aerodynamic flow control

Control approaches for separated flows over aerodynamic (or bluff) bodies in which the separated flow domain scales with the characteristic length of the body are distinguished by the frequency band of the actuation input. In an approach that relies on the narrowband receptivity of the separating shear layer that is coupled to the wake (shedding) instability and scales with the characteristic advection time over the separated domain, aerodynamic performance is partially restored by a Coanda-like deflection of the forced separating shear layer toward the surface. Because the instability of the unforced shear layer may already be driven by global vortex shedding, the advection of the vortices of the forced (or controlled) layer along the surface and their ultimate shedding into the near wake can couple to wake instabilities and, therefore, may result in unsteady aerodynamic forces in the controlled flow. A different control strategy that emphasizes full or partial suppression of separation by fluidic modification of the apparent aerodynamic shape of the surface relies on controlled interaction between the actuator and the crossflow on a scale that is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the relevant global length scales.