cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Potential for Weed Seed Dispersal based on Waterfowl Consumption and Seed Viability

BACKGROUND Migratory waterfowl have often been implicated in the movement of troublesome agronomic and wetland weed species. However, minimal research has been conducted to investigate the dispersal of agronomically important weed species by waterfowl. The two objectives for this project were to determine what weed species are being consumed by ducks and snow geese, and to determine the recovery rate and viability of 13 agronomic weed species after passage through a duck's digestive system. RESULTS Seed recovered from digestive tracts of 526 ducks and geese harvested during a 2-year field study had 35 020 plants emerge. A greater variety of plant species emerged from ducks each year (47 and 31 species) compared to geese (11 and 3 species). Viable seed from 11 of 13 weed species fed to ducks in a controlled feeding study were recovered. Viability rate and gut retention times indicated potential dispersal up to 2900 km from the source depending on seed characteristics and variability in waterfowl dispersal distances. CONCLUSIONS Study results confirm that waterfowl are consuming seeds from a variety of agronomically important weed species, including Palmer amaranth, which can remain viable after passage through digestive tracts and have potential to be dispersed over long distances by waterfowl. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
A 28 GHz transceiver chip for 5G beamforming data links in SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents a 28–32 GHz transceiver chip architecture in SiGe BiCMOS to meet the requirements of 5G phased-array communication links. An asymmetric design is employed for the transmit and receive paths to deliver an output P1dB of 8 dBm in TX mode and to achieve an input P1dB of 0 dBm in RX mode. The chip can operate with an external LO at 10–16 GHz and 20–28 GHz with the use of an on-chip doubler option. All switches on RF, LO and IF paths are implemented using SiGe HBTs for low loss and wideband operation. An on-chip elliptic filter is implemented in the TX path to reject the upconverted image and LO leakage to meet spectral mask requirements. The chip was tested in the TX mode with an 802.11ad MCS-10 waveform and achieves 3.9% EVM at 3 Gbps physical rate.
Association of Uterine Leiomyomas With Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia

This cohort study examines the risk of uterine leiomyomas in black women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.
Educators’ perspectives on the impact of Edcamp unconference professional learning

Abstract Edcamps are a voluntary, democratic form of unconference. This paper presents participants’ perceptions regarding the impact of Edcamps. Data were gathered from a survey and interviews (N=105). Participants overwhelmingly reported that Edcamp experiences caused changes in their practices and in student learning. The impacts of Edcamps were often described in terms of student engagement, experiences, and dispositions, rather than traditional measures of achievement such as test scores. Participants experienced various obstacles and supports as they utilized what they had learned at Edcamps. Considering these results, the Edcamp model and its implications for other forms of teacher learning are discussed.
Virtual cognitive training in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Behavioral interventions that can slow the progress of age-related cognitive declines have attracted much attention in recent decades. With the advancement of technology, virtual devices, such as smart phones and virtual reality devices, have become promising and accessible intervention tools for older adults. In this chapter, we review recent intervention studies that use virtual tools to assess cognitive enhancements in older adults, both healthy and mild cognitive impairments (MCIs) patients. We conclude that cognitive interventions with virtual tools can improve episodic memory and executive functions in both healthy aging and MCI. Results from physical interventions using virtual tools were mixed, although interventions that added virtual tools to physical exercise yielded greater gains to executive functions compared to interventions that used physical exercise only. We suggest more randomized controlled trials in future to investigate both the benefits to everyday life skills and the long-term cognitive benefits from interventions using virtual tools.
Abstract 15782: The Embryonic Heart Contains Resident C-Kit-Positive Cardiac Stem Cells

C-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are present in the adult heart, but whether these cells are nested within the embryonic organ and contribute to myocardial development remains unclear. Here, we tested whether CSCs are nested in the maturing embryo, participating in the formation of the adult cardiac phenotype. For this purpose, we studied mice in which EGFP is driven by the c-kit promoter. C-kit positive cells were identified in the cardiogenic mesoderm at E6.5, cardiac crescent at E7.5 and at later stages of the fetal heart. Time-lapse two-photon microscopy was employed to document that EGFP-positive CSCs undergo morphogenetic movements within the developing heart and do not translocate to the myocardium from extracardiac regions. EGFP-positive CSCs were negative for markers of hematopoietic cell lineages, excluding their origin from primitive sites of hematopoiesis. The number of CSCs increased linearly from E7.5 to E19, resulting in a 5.6-fold expansion of the stem cell compartment in the heart; 21 CSCs were found at E7.5 and 120 at E19. The growth of the cardiac mass was paralleled by an increase in CSCs; CSCs divided symmetrically and asymmetrically. In the latter case, the commitment to the myocyte lineage in vivo was shown by the non-uniform localization of the cell fate determinant, α-adaptin, in the dividing cell, together with the expression of Nkx2.5, MEF2C, α-sarcomeric actin, troponin I and α-cardiac actinin in one of the two daughter cells. In vitro, EGFP-positive c-kit positive CSCs at E12-E19 were self-renewing, clonogenic and multipotent, all critical determinants of stem cell function. C-kit positive cells differentiated into myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). The inherent ability of embryonic CSCs to form myocytes was confirmed by fate mapping in vivo. CSCs were obtained at E18 from mice in which EGFP is under the control of the α-MHC promoter. Single cell CSC clones were generated and these cells were delivered to the infarcted LV of wild-type mice. This protocol rescued the infarcted heart resulting in the formation of EGFP-positive myocytes and EGFP-negative vascular SMCs and ECs. In conclusion, lineage negative c-kit-positive cells in the embryonic-fetal heart correspond to bona fide CSCs.
Organizational climate and culture factors

Nurses and others have expressed a great deal of interest in the potential for incorporating notions about organizational culture and climate in research and practice aiming to improve health care safety. In this review, definitions and measures of these terms are explored, the state of the research literature connecting culture and climate with safety is reviewed, and directions for future research and leadership practice are outlined.
On Sets with Small Information Content

The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize a number of results relating to sets with small information content such as sets with small generalized Kolmogorov complexity. The emphasis is on the role of such sets as oracle sets in the context of structural complexity theory.
Does Writing for Publication Ever Get Easier? Some Reflections from an Experienced Scholar

In this chapter, I discuss the possibility that writing for publication might not become easier over time but more difficult, even for educated native speakers of English. After describing how writing for publication does get easier, I point out ways that over time the activity can simultaneously become more difficult. The difficulty increases because successful writing for publication does not depend primarily on language proficiency, but on other complex factors that affect L1 and L2 scholars alike, such as inquiry and thinking skills, expertise that develops over time, and tenacity. I conclude with the message that, rather than becoming easier, writing for publication should become more challenging as academic writers involve themselves in continuous learning and in increasingly complex and interesting projects in their fields.
Third party puppy sales.

Although we are grateful to Michael Gove for pushing for the abolition of third party sales of puppies and kittens, your article ( VR , …
Bringing Dance Experiences to Underserved Children Through the “I Have A Dream” Foundation

Over the last decade, I have built a program and course at a private New York City university, bringing more than 200 university students to public schools in East Harlem to teach dance to underser...
Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome in a Patient with Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis: An Elusive Cause of Hypoxemia

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) has been defined as shortness of breath and hypoxemia in the upright position that improves with dorsal decubitus. This is a rare disorder caused by right-to-left shunts due to a persistent foramen ovale or pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Hepatopulmonary syndrome can present with POS in the presence of pulmonary vasodilation and pulmonary arteriovenous communications in patients with liver disease. We report a case where the diagnosis of POS was made incidentally in a patient with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. After other causes of hypoxemia were excluded, the diagnosis of right-to-left pulmonary shunt was confirmed by late opacification of the left heart chambers seen in a transthoracic echocardiogram. Interestingly, computerized tomography (CT) of the chest with contrast demonstrated a very prominent pulmonary vascular pattern extending to the periphery of the lungs. POS is a rare cause of hypoxemia that requires a high level of suspicion, and exclusion of more common causes of hypoxemia.
A Two-Way Interactive Text Messaging Application for Low-Income Patients with Chronic Medical Conditions: Design-Thinking Development Approach.

Background: Two-way interactive text messaging between patient and community health workers (CHWs) through mobile phone SMS (short message service) text messaging is a form of digital health that can potentially enhance patient engagement in young adults and families that have a child with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease, and asthma. These patients have complex needs, and a user-centered way can be useful for designing a tool to address their needs. Objective: The aim of this study was to utilize the user-centered approach of design thinking to develop a two-way interactive communication SMS text messaging tool for communication between patients or caregivers and CHWs. Methods: We applied a design thinking methodology for development of the SMS text messaging tool. We collected qualitative data from 127 patients/caregivers and 13 CHWs, health care professionals, and experts. In total, 4 iterative phases were used to design the final prototype. Results: The design thinking process led to the final SMS text messaging tool that was transformed from a one-dimensional, template-driven prototype (phases 1 and 2) into a dynamic, interactive, and individually tailored tool (phases 3 and 4). The individualized components consider social factors that influence patients’ ability to engage such as transportation issues and appointment reminders. SMS text messaging components also include operational factors to support staff such as patient contact lists, SMS text messaging templates, and technology chat support. Conclusions: Design thinking can develop a tool to meet the engagement needs of patients with complex health care needs and be user-friendly for health care staff.
Up-regulation of soluble RANKL at tumor-bone interface is critical for mammary tumor-induced osteolysis

2795 Bone metastases are most common in patients with advanced breast cancer. The incidence is very high with 65 -75% patients suffer from bone metastasis. Bone metastatic lesions in breast cancer patients are predominantly osteolytic. We hypothesize that tumor-bone interaction is critical for tumor-induced osteolysis and establishment as bone metastasis. We have developed a murine model to examine tumor-stromal interaction in osteolytic bone metastasis. Using this model, we analyzed whether tumor-bone microenvironment regulates expression of genes critical for tumor-induced osteolysis. We used microarray analysis for gene expression profiling at the tumor bone interface versus the tumor alone area from syngenic mice injected with three different mammary tumor cell lines that differ in their metastatic potential (4T1 being the aggressive, Cl66 is moderately metastatic and Cl66M2 is poorly metastatic). Microarray analysis revealed the up-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in all three cell lines at the tumor bone interface as compared to tumor alone area. We did not observe significant difference in RANK expression. This observation was further validated by quantitative real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of soluble RANKL was significantly elevated at TB-interface as compared to tumor alone area. Inhibition of RANKL using antisense oligonucleotides (AS-RANKL) in syngenic mice injected with Cl66 cells, abrogated mammary-tumor-induced osteolysis. mRNA analysis showed significantly decreased expression of RANKL at TB-interface in AS-RANKL-treated groups compared to control-oligonucleotide treated group. The levels of sRANKL and osteoprotegrin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, ratios significantly decreased following inhibition of RANKL expression. Together, these results demonstrate that soluble RANKL is an important mediator of mammary tumor-induced osteolysis and the inhibition of RANKL expression using antisense oligonucleotide might be a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer bone metastasis.
Socioeconomic and patient-related factors for the management of male urethral stricture disease

We sought to determine the socioeconomic and patient factors that influence the utilization of urethroplasty and location of management in the treatment of male urethral stricture disease. A retrospective review using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient and Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases for California and Florida was performed. Adult men with a diagnosis of urethral stricture who underwent treatment with urethroplasty or endoscopic dilation/urethrotomy between 2007 and 2011 in California and 2009 and 2014 in Florida were identified by ICD-9 or CPT codes. Patients were categorized based on whether they had a urethroplasty or serial dilations/urethrotomies. Patients were assessed for age, insurance provider, median household income by zip code, Charlson Comorbidity Index, race, prior stricture management, and location of the index procedure. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit to assess factors influencing treatment modality (urethroplasty vs endoscopic management) and location (teaching hospital vs non-teaching hospital). Twenty seven thousand, five hundred and sixty-eight patients were identified that underwent treatment for USD. 25,864 (93.8%) treated via endoscopic approaches and 1704 (6.2%) treated with urethroplasty. Factors favoring utilization of urethroplasty include younger age, lower Charlson Comorbidity score, higher zip code median income quartile, private insurance, prior endoscopic treatment, and management at a teaching hospital. Socioeconomic predictors of urethroplasty utilization include higher income status and private insurance. Patient-specific factors influencing urethroplasty were younger age and fewer medical comorbidities. A primary driver of urethroplasty utilization was treatment at a teaching hospital. Older and Hispanic patients were less likely to seek care at these facilities.
Immunoassay detection of drugs in racing horses. IX. Detection of detomidine in equine blood and urine by radioimmunoassay.

Detomidine is a potent non-narcotic sedative agent which is currently in the process of being approved for veterinary clinical use in the United States. Since no effective screening method in horses is available for detomidine, we have developed an /sup 125/I radioimmunoassay for detomidine in equine blood and urine as part of a panel of tests for illegal drugs in performance horses. Our /sup 125/I radioimmunoassay has an I-50 for detomidine of approximately 2 ng/ml. Our assay shows limited cross-reactivity with the pharmacodynamically similar xylazine, but does not cross-react with acepromazine, epinephrine, haloperidol or promazine. The plasma kinetic data from clinical (greater than or equal to 5 mg/horse) as well as sub-clinical doses indicate first-order elimination in a dose-dependent manner. Within the first 30 minutes after intravenous (IV) administration of 30 mg/horse, plasma levels peak at approximately 20 ng/ml and then decline with an apparent plasma half-life of 25 minutes. Diuresis can occur with administration of clinical doses of detomidine and this effect was accounted for in the analysis of urine samples. Using this method, administration of 30 mg/horse can be readily detected in equine urine for up to 8 hours after IV injection. Additionally, doses as low as 0.5more » mg/horse can be detected for short periods of time in blood and urine with use of this assay. Utilization of this assay by research scientists and forensic analysts will allow for the establishment of proper guidelines and controls regarding detomidine administration to performance horses and assurance of compliance with these guidelines.« less
Time-Optimal Motion of Spatial Dubins Systems

This paper presents a generic numerical approach to find the kinematic time-optimal trajectories for 3D rigid bodies with a finite set of translation, rotation, and screw controls, in an obstacle-free space. First, geometric necessary conditions for time-optimality are derived. Second, a method is presented for sampling trajectories satisfying the necessary conditions sufficiently densely to guarantee that for any start configuration and goal location, a trajectory can be found that provably approximately reaches the goal, approximately optimally.
Wealth Trends in the United States During the Great Recession and Recovery, 2001–2016

The last two decades have seen major economic changes with the Great Recession and Recovery. The present paper aims at investigating how the net worth, wealth portfolio and the wealth distribution, which are related to well-being, have evolved in the United States between 2001 and 2016. The data show a collapse of the middle class and a failure to recover, most likely leading to a decrease in SWB.
A signaling game approach to mitigate co-resident attacks in an IaaS cloud environment

Abstract Cloud service providers (CSPs) offer a variety of services that are opening the door to the infinite possibilities of cloud computing. Despite numerous benefits offered by the CSPs, there are, however, some security issues that may dissuade users. In cloud computing, different virtual machines (VMs) often share the same physical resources, which are known as co-resident VMs. The shared physical resources pose a significant threat to the users as resources may belong to competing organizations as well as unknown attackers. From the perspective of a cloud user, there is no guarantee whether the co-resident VMs are trustworthy. The shared resources make privacy and perfect isolation implausible, which paves the way for co-resident attacks in which a VM attacks another co-resident VM through a covert side channel that can be used to extract another user’s secret information or launch denial of service attacks. The attack campaign becomes more damaging when multiple co-resident VMs collaborate. In this paper, we analyze the co-resident attacks and corresponding defense strategies, with respect to benign and malicious VMs and the defender, i.e., the VM monitor (VMM), using a signaling game model. The solutions to the game provide optimal defense strategies for the VMM with respect to the expected number of malicious VMs in collaboration. We evaluate the game results through simulations on various synthetic attack scenarios. The results show that the defender can effectively resist co-resident attacks by distinguishing the benign and malicious VMs.
Ultrastrong, Ductile Ceramic Lattices Span an Order of Magnitude in Size

High-temperature ceramic materials with high strength and toughness have been a challenge for the materials science community. In this issue of Matter, Bauer et al. used two-photon polymerization with a preceramic resin to create SiOC lattices that are free of flaws and approach their theoretical strength and are also ductile. The properties were shown to be size independent for features ranging from the nano- to the microscale.
Assessment of population genetics and climatic variability can refine climate‐informed seed transfer guidelines

Restoration guidelines increasingly recognize the importance of genetic attributes in translocating native plant materials (NPMs). However, when species-specific genetic information is unavailable, seed transfer guidelines use climate-informed seed transfer zones (CSTZs) as an approximation. While CSTZs may improve how NPMs are developed and/or matched to restoration sites, they overlook genetic factors that can diminish restoration success and/or deteriorate natural patterns of genetic diversity and environmental factors thatmay introduce unexpected variation. Here, we analyze molecular data and geographic patterns of environmental variability across the western United States and demonstrate how they can refine CSTZs. Using genetic data available for 13 relevant plant species, we found that the probability of mixing genetically differentiated individuals (i.e. from different evolutionary lineages, or populations) was approximately 8% when considering locations separated by 50 km and reached nearly 80% by 500 km, which are distances relevant to ecoregionally constrained CSTZs. Furthermore, climate analyses revealed that geographically proximate locations are likely to maintain environmental similarity, regardless of CSTZ or ecoregion assignment. These results suggest constraining CSTZ-informed seed transfer decisions by distance may mitigate the opportunity for negative genetic outcomes. Furthermore, environmental variability and/or specificity of NPMs (depending upon the restoration strategy) should be achieved by sourcing NPMs from geographically proximate locations to avoid introducing excessive genetic differentiation. Our results highlight the utility of combining molecular genetic data with other genetic inferences (i.e. of adaptation) to determine how best to transfer seed across restoration species’ ranges and develop new restoration materials.
Cost-effectiveness of surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in the US

Objective Surgery is an effective but costly treatment for many patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE). We aim to evaluate whether, in the United States, surgery is cost-effective compared to medical management for patients deemed surgical candidates and whether surgical evaluation is cost-effective for patients with DR-TLE in general. Methods We use a semi-Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgery and surgical evaluation over a lifetime horizon. We use second-order Monte Carlo simulations to conduct probabilistic sensitivity analyses to estimate variation in model output. We adopt both health care and societal perspectives, including direct health care costs (e.g., surgery, antiepileptic drugs) and indirect costs (e.g., lost earnings by patients and care providers.) We compare the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to societal willingness to pay (∼$100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) to determine whether surgery is cost-effective. Results Epilepsy surgery is cost-effective compared to medical management in surgically eligible patients by virtue of being cost-saving ($328,000 vs $423,000) and more effective (16.6 vs 13.6 QALY) than medical management in the long run. Surgical evaluation is cost-effective in patients with DR-TLE even if the probability of being deemed a surgical candidate is only 5%. From a societal perspective, surgery becomes cost-effective within 3 years, and 89% of simulations favor surgery over the lifetime horizon. Conclusion For surgically eligible patients with DR-TLE, surgery is cost-effective. For patients with DR-TLE in general, referral for surgical evaluation (and possible subsequent surgery) is cost-effective. Patients with DR-TLE should be referred for surgical evaluation without hesitation on cost-effectiveness grounds.
Identification of potential QTLs and genes associated with seed composition traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using GWAS and RNA-Seq analysis.

Abstract Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oilseed crop providing edible oil and protein. Oil quality is determined by fatty acid composition including the ratio of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). A genome-wide association study with 13,382 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted to investigate the genetics basis of oil, protein, eight fatty acid concentrations, and O/L ratio (ratio of oleic and linoleic acid) using a diverse panel of 120 genotypes mainly selected from the U.S. peanut mini core collection grown in two years. A total of 178 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with those seed composition traits were identified with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 18.35% to 27.56%. RNA-Seq analysis identified 282 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) within the 1 Mb of the significant QTLs for seed composition traits. Among those 282 genes, sixteen candidate genes for seed fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis were screened according to the gene functions.
Nagging Problems and Modest Solutions in Cross-Cultural Research: Illustrations From Organizational Behavior Literature

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, globalization has become a fact of everyday life. More and more people have to interact with individuals from other cultures in shopping malls, educational institutes, and housing complexes. Cross-cultural interactions are especially salient in the business context. To remain competitive, employees, teams, and organizations must operate effectively in multicultural, multinational contexts. Many organizations compete with global corporations without even venturing abroad. The metaphors of a “flat world” (Friedman, 2005) or a “global village” (Ger, 1999) have been used to describe the contemporary business world for the flow of goods, services, and information transcending the boundaries of space and time. Not surprisingly, the acceleration of business globalization has triggered a surging interest in international management research (Tsui, 2007) and has stimulated several stock-taking reviews (Gelfand, Erez, & Aycan, 2007; Kirkman, Lowe, & Gibson, 2006; Schaffer & Riordan, 2003; Werner, 2002). These reviews identified some significant advances but also revealed many unresolved issues that have hampered the progress in cross-cultural management research. This chapter draws on the learning from an analysis of 93 cross-national studies of organizational behavior published in the best management and psychology journals, and offers a few modest-and hopefully promising-solutions that may advance progress in this line of work. Although we focus on the organizational literature, researchers in the broader social-science domain face similar challenges. Therefore, we hope our discussion is relevant to scholars working in non-business fields as well.
Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TRDMT1 regulates homologous recombination and therapeutic response.

The RNA methyltransferase TRDMT1 has recently emerged as a key regulator of homologous recombination (HR) in the transcribed regions of the genome, but how it is regulated and its relevance in cancer remain unknown. Here, we identified that TRDMT1 is poly-ubiquitinated at K251 by the E3 ligase TRIM28, removing TRDMT1 from DNA damage sites and allowing completion of HR. Interestingly, K251 is adjacent to G155 in the 3D structure, and the G155V mutation leads to hyper ubiquitination of TRDMT1, reduced TRDMT1 levels and impaired HR. Accordingly, a TRDMT1 G155V mutation in an ovarian cancer super responder to platinum treatment. Cells expressing TRDMT1-G155V are sensitive to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, high expression of TRDMT1 in patients with ovarian cancer correlates with platinum resistance. A potent TRDMT1 inhibitor resensitizes TRDMT1-high tumor cells to cisplatin. These results suggest that TRDMT1 is a promising therapeutic target to sensitize ovarian tumors to platinum therapy.
Smoking and risk of COVID-19 hospitalization.

Abstract Rationale The association between smoking status and severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. Objective To assess the risk of hospitalization (as a marker of severe COVID-19) in patients by smoking status: former, current and never smokers, who tested positive for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) at an academic medical center in the United States. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with SARS-COV2 between March-1-2020 and January-31-2021 to identify the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 by smoking status. Results We identified 10216 SARS-COV2-positive patients with complete documentation of smoking habits. Within 14 days of a SARS-COV2 positive test, 1150 (11.2%) patients were admitted and 188 (1.8%) died. Significantly more former smokers were hospitalized from COVID-19 than current or never smokers (21.2% former smokers; 7.3% current smokers; 10.4% never smokers, p Conclusions Significantly more former smokers were hospitalized and died from COVID-19 than current or never smokers. This effect is mediated via age and comorbidities in former smokers.
Pathogenicity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Pythium, Globisporangium, and Fusarium Isolates From Coconut Coir and Rockwool in Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) Production

Oomycetes and fungi were recovered from coconut coir and rockwool substrates where marijuana (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Silver and Citron) plants with root rot and wilt symptoms were grown in a commercial growing facility in Connecticut. The objectives of this study were to identify the isolates collected from these substrates, determine the pathogenicity of the isolates on hemp seedlings in vitro and in vivo, and evaluate the pathogens’ sensitivity to mefenoxam. Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were identified by sequencing the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase genes (COI and COII) and Fusarium sp. with the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) region and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS4 and ITS5) genes. Three isolates were identified as Globisporangium irregulare (formerly Pythium irregulare), 21 isolates were Pythium myriotylum, and one was Fusarium oxysporum. All the isolates tested were pathogenic to hemp plants in vitro and in vivo, with disease incidence between 6.7 and 100%. Inoculated plants were smaller by 32% or more compared with the non-inoculated control. On average, hemp plants infected with Pythium myriotylum produced the lowest biomass and relative greenness values. None of the Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were resistant to mefenoxam—all were sensitive to ≥ 5 µg·mL-1 mefenoxam. This is the first report of G. irregulare causing root rot on marijuana and hemp plants. The results of this study provide information about the characteristics of pathogens that can be found potentially in soilless substrates in controlled environment agriculture.
Global transcriptional analysis of oocyte-based and factor-based nuclear reprogramming in the nonhuman primate.

Abstract The mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to enucleated oocytes or factor-based reprogramming are poorly understood. In this study global transcriptional analysis was performed on a number of different rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) cell and tissue samples, including rhesus-induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and rhesus SCNT-derived embryonic stem cells (SCNT-ESCs). Global transcriptional cluster analysis and stem cell-specific gene expression analysis both suggested that the oocyte-reprogrammed SCNT-ESCs were transcriptionally closer to the control fertilized ESCs than IPSCs. These results, combined with previous epigenetic analysis studies in the mouse, reinforce the hypothesis that oocyte-reprogrammed cell nuclei are more completely reprogrammed to an ESC state than IPSCs. Transcriptional analysis of rhesus oocytes detected over 500 ESC-specific genes, including OCT3/4, NR5A2, and DNMT3B. These results, combined with previously published reprogra...
Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid particles do not cross the hepatocyte nuclear membrane in transgenic mice.

Abstract Transgenic mice that express the hepatitis B virus core protein were used to examine factors that influence the intracellular localization of nucleocapsid particles in the primary hepatocyte in vivo. In this model, viral nucleocapsid particles are strictly localized to the nucleus of the hepatocyte except when the nuclear membrane dissolves during cell division, at which time they enter the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic nucleocapsid particles do not reenter the nucleus, however, when the nuclear membrane re-forms after cell division. The data support the notion that nucleocapsid particles can form de novo within the nucleus, and they suggest that performed nucleocapsid particles cannot be transported across the intact nuclear membrane in either direction. The results imply that nucleocapsid disassembly is probably required for entry of the hepadnaviral genome into the nucleus, and they question the role of the intranuclear viral nucleocapsid particle during the viral life cycle.
Bilingual triage (Is there an APP for that

My Professional Communication students developed a visual translation triage system to assist non-Spanish-speaking health professionals delivering healthcare near farmworker camps via a mobile unit. The sites themselves presented challenges as well as the process of moving our applications from print visual aids to digital interfaces. 60 workers arrived at dusk, and one translator and 4 nursing practitioner students were to triage them for the physician and nurse in the mobile unit. Our best practices included researching sites prior to recruiting students, teaching foundational work in international and visual communication, building collaborative teams that included healthcare experts and native speakers of Spanish, and garnering institutional support from an on-campus clinic. Moving the translation system from print to digital presented other challenges. Our lessons learned included determining the most effective digital platforms, expanding our teams to include computer engineers, understanding the difficulties of an added layer of cross-disciplinary work and determining the fit of our project with NIH grants.
Antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent post-natal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding

Although antiretroviral drugs have a crucial role to play in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission through breastfeeding, we still have much to learn about how best to use these drugs taking into account the social and biological context of maternal and child health in the many disadvantaged sub-Saharan African settings where the HIV epidemic predominates
Cell Density and Growth Phase as Factors in the Resistance of a Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) to Iodine

Previous studies have shown that biofilms exhibit enhanced resistance to iodine. Investigations were conducted to determine the relative importance of growth phase versus cell density on biofilm resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) to iodine. Cell density is a contributing factor to resistance, whereas growth to the stationary phase is not sufficient to achieve resistance.
Direct transhepatic measurement of portal vein pressure using a thin needle. Comparison with wedged hepatic vein pressure.

A technique for the direct measurement of portal vein pressure in fully conscious patients is described. This uses a percutaneous transhepatic approach with a thin Chiba needle and is shown to be simple and safe. The technique has been applied to 123 patients with a variety of liver disorders and the pressure measurements have been compared with those obtained by the indirect technique of wedge hepatic vein catheterization. Close agreement was found between portal vein pressure and wedged hepatic vein pressure in quiescent alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis. In chronic active hepatitis, portal vein pressure tended to be higher than wedged hepatic vein pressure, indicating a presinusoidal component to the portal hypertension. This technique is shown to be useful in assessing idiopathic portal hypertension and in demonstrating hepatofugal flow.
Reflexiones sobre el estudio de "los de arriba": poder y narrativa en una familia oligárquica argentina

Resumen es: En 1972 la antropologa politica Laura Nader in staba a los jovenes an tropologos a volverse la mirada en sus investigaciones etnograficas de los desapo...
Synthesis of buried oxide by plasma implantation with oxygen and water plasma

Separation by plasma implantation of oxygen (SPIMOX) is a novel method for fabricating silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. This method uses plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) where the desired voltage of implant is applied to a wafer immersed in a plasma. SPIMOX is particularly suited for thin separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) wafer fabrication. High implantation rates can be achieved in SPIMOX. A dose of nearly 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/ with an implant current density of 1 mA cm/sup -2/ can be achieved in 3 minutes of implantation time. The short implantation time and the simplicity of the implantation equipment makes it a potentially more economical method for fabricating SIMOX wafers. Moreover, the theoretical time for implantation remains constant in SPIMOX with increase in wafer size.
Native American Oral Traditions: Collaboration and Interpretation.

Native American Oral Traditions: Collaboration and Interpretation. Larry Evers and Barre Toelken. eds. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2001. 264 pp.
An alternative polychronous model and synthesis methodology for model-driven embedded software

Multi-clocked synchronous (a.k.a. Polychronous) specification languages do not assume that execution proceeds by sampling inputs at predetermined global synchronization points. The software synthesized from such specifications are paced by arrival of certain inputs, or evaluation of certain internal variables. Here, we present an alternate polychronous model of computation termed Multi-rate Instantaneous Channel connected Data Flow (MRICDF) actor network model1. Sequential embedded software from MRICDF specifications can be synthesized using epoch analysis, a technique proposed to form a unique order of events without a reference time line. We show how to decide on the implementability of MRICDF specification and how additional epoch information can help in synthesizing deterministic sequential software. The semantics of an MRICDF is akin to that of SIGNAL, but is visual and easier to specify. Also, our prime implicate based epoch analysis technique avoids the complex clock-tree based analysis required in SIGNAL. We experimented with the usability of MRICDF formalism by creating EmCodeSyn, our visual specification and synthesis tool. Our attempt is to make polychronous specification based software synthesis more accessible to engineers, by proposing this alternative model with different semantic exposition and simpler analysis techniques.
A Stueckelberg extension of the Standard Model

Abstract An extension of the standard model of electro-weak interactions by an extra abelian gauge boson is given, in which the extra gauge boson and the hypercharge gauge boson both couple to an axionic scalar in a form that leads to a Stueckelberg mass term. The theory leads to a massive Z′ whose couplings to fermions are uniquely determined and suppressed by small mixing angles. Such a Z′ could have a low mass and appear in e+e− collisions as a sharp resonance. The branching ratios into f f species, and the forward–backward asymmetry are found to have distinctive features. The model also predicts a new unit of electric charge e′=Q′e, where Q′ is, in general, irrational, in the coupling of the photon with hidden matter that is neutral under SU(2)L×U(1)Y.
The energetic state of the thermogenic appendix of the voodoo lily inflorescence. A 31P-NMR study

Abstract Using 31 P-NMR, we have monitored the metabolic changes in the phosphorus compounds of the appendix, the upper thermogenic part of the inflorescence, of Sauromatum guttatum (voodoo lily). Qualitative, in vivo spectra from D− 6 (6 days before heat-production; the day of heat-production is designated D-day). D − 3, D − 2, D − 1. D-day, D + 1 and D + 2, revealed fluctuations in the concentration of the vacuolar and cytoplasmic inorganic phosphate (P i ) relative to an internal standard. From D − 6 to D − 2 the vacuolar P i peak was not prominent relative to the other peaks. In the morning of D − 1, an increase occurred in the vacuolar and the cytoplasmic P i levels. Later on, during development, these levels gradually declined. On D-day, changes in vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH were detected during heat-production. The cytoplasmic pH decreased from 7.7 to 7.2 while that of the vacuole increased by almost one pH unit from 5.8 to 6.7. Perchlorate extract spectra from D − 4, D − 1 and D-day appendices confirmed the observed changes in P i intensity. These spectra also revealed qualitative changes in the content of ATP and ADP. Their sum decreased during development, reaching its lowest level on D-day at the peak of heat-production between 11:00 and 14:00 (as determined by high performance liquid chromatography of the perchlorate extracts). This suggests that in the early morning of D-day, when heat-production starts, around 9:00 phosphofructokinase, the key enzyme in glycolysis, is not activated by a change in the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio, but by other effector(s).
Design of experiments for constitutive model selection: application to polycrystal elastoviscoplasticity

To bridge length scales in plastic flow of polycrystalline fcc metals, the salient features of 3D polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity at the crystal level (mesoscale) were studied to determine the relative influences on macroscale behaviour. This 3D study builds upon the 2D planar double-slip analysis performed by Horstemeyer and McDowell in which the relative influence of the constitutive-law features on macroscale properties in polycrystal plasticity were quantified for oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper. The mesoscale constitutive-law features considered include single-crystal elastic properties, slip-system-level hardening law, latent hardening, slip-system-level kinematic hardening, and intergranular constraint relation. Volume-averaged macroscale responses included the effective flow stress, plastic spin, elastic moduli, hardening behaviour, and axial extension (for the free-end torsion case). Each response was evaluated at 10% and 50% effective strain levels under rectilinear shear straining. In the existing literature, only one type of behaviour (e.g. texture or stress-strain response) is typically considered when assessing these various elements of the constitutive framework. In this paper, we develop a more comprehensive understanding of the relative importance of constitutive-law features as deformation proceeds. This study suggests that the design of experiments methodology is a valuable tool to assist in selecting relevant features for polycrystalline simulations and for development of macroscale unified-creep-plasticity models. In general, the results indicated that the intergranular constraint and kinematic hardening were more influential overall than the type of constitutive model used, whether isotropic or anisotropic elasticity was used, and whether or not latent hardening was used. Finally, 3D results were similar to the previous 2D planar double-slip study of Horstemeyer and McDowell, except that latent hardening had a stronger influence on the 3D macroscale responses than the 2D macroscale responses.
An Analysis of Interarea Dynamics of Multi-Machine Systems

The slow coherency concept is introduced and an algorithm is developed for grouping machines having identical slow motions into areas. The singular perturbation method is used to separate the slow variables which are the area center of inertia variables and the fast variables which describe the intermachine oscillations within the areas. The areas obtained by this method are independent of fault locations. Three types of simulation approximations illustrated on a nonlinear 48 machine system indicate the validity of this algorithm.
Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting.

We address the problem of identifying the dynamical variables representing the phase of a quantum field by analyzing what is measured in two simple homodyne experiments. This leads us to identify operators C${\mathrm{^}}_{\mathit{M}}$,S${\mathrm{^}}_{\mathit{M}}$ corresponding to the measured cosine and sine of the phase difference. The predictions of the theory are tested in an experiment in which the input fields are derived from a highly stable He:Ne laser. Photon-counting measurements extending from mean photon numbers 30 down to ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ show good agreement between theory and experiment. The implications for identifying the ``correct'' phase operator are briefly discussed.
CNDO calculations of nickel atom clusters

CNDO molecular orbital calculations for nickel atom clusters containing from one to thirteen atoms in various geometric arrangements are presented. The parameters were selected so that an octahedral Ni6 cluster had an equilibrium inter-nuclear distance, d band occupancy, binding energy, Fermi level, and d band width approximating those of bulk nickel. For clusters with a given number of atoms the stability always increased in the order linear < planar < three-dimensional cluster. The general assumption that the binding energy per atom in metal clusters is proportional to the number of nearest neighbours is supported by these CNDO calculations although this relation is certainly not exact for small clusters. Examination of the calculated orbitals does not indicate a separation of the d band into one part made up from atomic t2g orbitals and another from eg orbitals. Overall the CNDO method appears to present a reasonable approach to calculating properties of small metal clusters.
The Alleged Secret Pact between Athens and Philip II concerning Amphipolis and Pydna

What is the reality behind the famous phrase, in Demosthenes 2. 6? It is commonly spoken of as a secret treaty, pact, agreement, bargain, or understanding, or as a secret clause or article (all these terms have been used in recent times), between Athens and Philip II of Macedon, at some time between 359 and 357, whereby the Athenians promised to hand over their ally, Pydna, to Philip, in return for his promise to hand over Amphipolis to them.
Microbial subterminal oxidation of alkanes and alk-1-enes

Oxidation ofn-alkanes and alk-1-enes by aPenicillium species andPseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the formation of intermediates arising from the oxidation of methylene groups. A catabolic pathway involving oxidation of the hydrocarbon to a secondary alcohol and the corresponding ketone, followed by the formation and subsequent cleavage of an ester intermediate is presented.