cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plerixafor (Mozobil®) Selectively Enhances Donor Hematopoietic Cell Engraftment.

Abstract Abstract 368 Introduction: Reducing transplant-related mortality and facilitating donor engraftment are very important goals in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Plerixafor (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), previously called AMD3100, is a highly specific and reversible antagonist of CXCR4. It was recently approved by the FDA in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stem cell mobilization. Herein, we reasoned that plerixafor administered after transplantation could increase donor stem cell homing efficiency by increasing the availabel marrow niche microenvironment. We hypothesized that the availabel niches would be increased by plerixafor-induced mobilization of the recipient's residual bone marrow cells from marrow niches, allowing a competitive advantage for the healthy donor cells. Methods: KTLS cells (i.e., c-Kit+ Thy1low Lin- Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cells) obtained from C57BL/Ka CD45.1 Thy1.1 mice, were injected intravenously into lethally (10.5 Gy) irradiated C57BL/6 CD45.2 Thy1.2 mice (250 KTLS cells per recipient mouse). Beginning at day +2 post transplant, the mice were injected subcutaneously with PBS mock control or plerixafor at 5mg/kg every Monday, Wednesday and Friday up to day +56. Animal survival and hematological recovery were determined. The stimulating effects of plerixafor on marrow cells were measured in vitro using thymidine incorporation assays and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays. Percent spleen seeding efficiency of donor stem cells was calculated by dividing the absolute number of CD45.1+ KTLS stem cells in the spleen by the number of injected KTLS stem cells. To determine stem cell mobilization by plerixafor, the recipient-origin stem cells (CD45.2+ c-kit+ Lin- Sca-1+ cells) in the marrow were quantified. Results: We found that post-transplant administration of plerixafor significantly improves animal survival ( Fig. A ). Approximately 60% of transplanted mice receiving PBS control died within 2 weeks following transplantation, whereas only 20% of transplanted mice treated with plerixafor died. Additionally, plerixafor selectively enhanced donor cell engraftment and promoted the recovery of all lineages of cells including T and B cells, red cells and platelets. A representative donor derived CD45.1+ blood cell recovery was shown in Fig. B (*: P Conclusions: Plerixafor mobilizes recipient residual stem cells from niche microenvironments and increases the access of niches for donor stem cells. This results in a selective enhancement of donor cell engraftment. Our study indicates that plerixafor represents a new approach for enhancing hematological recovery following HCT. Download : Download high-res image (92KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: Kang: Genzyme: Research Funding. Chao: Genzyme: Research Funding.
Characterization of Autoantibodies to PF4/Heparin in a Rat Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represent a high-risk population for developing life-threatening complications of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (HITT). Approximately 30-70% of patients undergoing CPB develop heparin dependent autoantibodies to PF4/heparin, which can provoke disease in susceptible individuals. To address the clinical relevance of bypass associated anti-PF4/heparin, we have created a rat model of autoimmune PF4/heparin in the setting of CPB. Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for CPB using cannulae in the right external jugular vein for venous return to the CPB circuit and the ventral tail artery for arterial inflow. Rats were administered 0.3–0.4U/g heparin i.v. after cannulation, and were then connected to a miniaturized CPB system complete with a membrane oxygenator primed with 40 ml of blood from 2 syngeneic donors (each receiving 0.3U/g i.v. heparin). CPB was maintained for 75 minutes with a flow between 160–180 mls/kg/min (normal cardiac output in the rat) after which animals were decannulated and sacrificed for study over the ensuing 6 weeks. Control rats were subjected to a sham operation for which they received the same dose of heparin, as well as arterial and venous catheterization, but were not placed on CPB. Blood was collected from control animals or rats after CPB and tested for autoantibodies to rat PF4/heparin (rP+H) by ELISA. Rats were studied either after sham operation (n=6) or after CPB at the following time points: 15 minutes (n=15), 3 days (n=6), 16 days (n=25), and at 6 weeks (n=8). Rats undergoing CPB had markedly elevated anti-rP+H levels (as gauged by mean A450 nm ± SEM) 16 days after the procedure as compared to rats receiving sham operation (0.211 ± 04, 16 day CPB vs. 0.01 ± 0.01sham; P = 0<.0001 by ANOVA). High titer antibody responders from day 16 {Rat 77 (A450nm=0.84), Rat 80 (A450nm=0.81) and Rat 70 (A450nm=0.46)} were characterized for reactivity to rPF4 alone, rP+H or rP+H in the presence of excess heparin. Anti-rP+H from all three animals showed maximal reactivity to rP+H, but reduced binding to rPF4 alone or rat P+H in the presence of excess heparin. We additionally tested functional effects of anti-rP+H on rat platelets and human platelets, using a 14C-SRA. Rat platelets were not activated by anti-rP+H or a human HIT-like monoclonal antibody, KKO confirming the absence of activating FcγRII on rat platelets. Human platelets were activated by KKO (60% release), but not rat anti-P+H (<5% release). In conclusion, we demonstrate that autoantibodies occur in heparinized animals subjected to the platelet activating effects of CPB. This animal model will be critical for studying the many facets of bypass- related heparin sensitization, including: the immunobiology of HITT, non-FcR mediated thrombotic effects of anti-P+H, and for developing alternative therapies for HITT patients undergoing CPB.
The Puzzle of Factual Praise

It seems that we are not willing to give up the intuitions that (1) works of fiction are free from the constraints of historical truth and (2) historical inaccuracies sometimes count against the artistic value of works of fiction. Christopher Bartel calls this the puzzle of historical criticism. I argue that this puzzle extends beyond historical facts. While it is especially salient that historical accuracy at times appears relevant to the evaluation of fictional works, such relevance appears to be a feature of facts in general. I then propose a partial strategy for resolving the puzzle.
3D Finite Element Modeling Based Investigations of Micro-textured Tool Designs in Machining Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract Surface texturing on cutting tools is considered a potential improvement to the tool performance both in dry machining with use of solid lubricants and in wet/cryogenic machining. This paper presents investigations on the effects of micro-textured tool designs that include grooves that are parallel, perpendicular, and diagonal to the main cutting edge as well as with pitted and diagonal pitted forms in the case of dry cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V by using 3D Finite Element modelling based simulations. The results include predicted forces, stress, temperature, and wear rate distributions which possess certain advantages of micro-texture tool designs.
Population health management: Review of concepts and definitions

Purpose The terms population health, population health improvement, and population health management are discussed. Summary A key concept in defining population health activities is clearly delineating the population(s) of focus. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s (IHI’s) Triple Aim Initiative uses the term population health management to describe the work by healthcare organizations to improve outcomes for individual patients to maximize population health. The National Academy of Medicine favors the term population health improvement and uses this term to describe work to identify and improve aspects of or contributors to population health, expanding the focus beyond traditional healthcare delivery systems. As organizations like IHI and the National Academy of Medicine continue to focus on population health, the terms and definitions used to describe these activities will continue to evolve. Conclusion The use of consistent, clear definitions for population health activities is critical to the practice of pharmacy and healthcare delivery.
The queen is dead; long live the queen? Hearing voices and sounds beyond the human

AbstractAny (re)turn to sound to be radical must displace the human voice as the source of authenticity and raison d’etre of communication and argumentation studies and instead turn to both the ubiquitous mediascapes and cacophonous voices of the earth that compose the aural architectures that form, deform, and transform us. Such a move opens up the possibilities of engaging sound in its myriad manifestations. This essay suggests that opening ourselves to being startled by other sounds calls for a sound turn that abandons nostalgic dreams of speech and voice and explores the always already mediated voices and sounds of tech soundscapes and the many-voiced landscapes we dwell in. Such a sound turn will hear different orations, recognize other speakers, and analyze worlds infused with infinite and strange intelligences, providing creative opportunities that will refigure our imaginations. AbbreviationsSCASpeech Communication AssociationNCANational Communication Association.
Abstract MP10: Discontinuation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ACE-I/ARB) are commonly used antihypertensives, especially preferred when albuminuria is present. Common re...
The Undermined Determinant of a College's Success: Health & Wellness of a College Employee

Our society has taken college employees' health and wellbeing for granted and has not recognized that many of the economic, intellectual and artistic accomplishments in American life are in large part due to the invaluable contributions of college employees. The health and wellbeing of college employees is an underappreciated area of intervention for worksite health promotion. In comparison to the corporate world, service industries and the manufacturing industries, the wellness of college employees is often at the bottom of the priority list for the health and wellness of the workforce in the United States. This commentary calls for an increased involvement of health educators in college employee health and wellness promotion programs, wellness initiatives, policy changes and research.
Clinical Findings, Treatments and Outcomes in Farm Animals with Vertebral Fractures or Luxations: 22 Cases (2006–2017)

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, medical and surgical treatment and outcome of 22 farm animals diagnosed with a vertebral fracture or luxation. Study design Medical records of 22 farm animals (7 goats, 6 alpacas, 5 cattle, 3 sheep and 1 deer) were reviewed for signalment, history, presenting clinical signs and neurological examination findings, clinicopathological results, diagnostic imaging, final diagnosis, medical and surgical management, clinical progression and outcome. Results Animals' age ranged from 1 day to 15 years. Neurological examination findings included decreased motor function (20/22), recumbency (14/22), altered mentation (13/22), cranial nerve deficits (4/22) and lack of nociception (3/22). Lesions were localized to the atlanto-occipital region (2/22), C1 to C5 (7/22), C6 to T2 (4/22), T3 to L3 (3/22), and L4 to S1 (6/22). Diagnoses included vertebral fracture only (4/22), luxation only (5/22) or both vertebral fracture and luxation (13/22). In five cases, no therapy was attempted, while 12 cases were treated medically and five cases were treated surgically. Surgical interventions included manual reduction (n = 1); arthrodesis (n = 2); laminectomy (n = 1); and laminectomy with pin fixation, cerclage wire and polymethylmethacrylate bridging (n = 1). Five of the 22 cases survived to hospital discharge; two of these were treated surgically. Conclusion The cervical region was most commonly affected. Prognosis for these injuries in farm animals is guarded.
Friendship Network Dynamics of Aggressive and Rule-Breaking Antisocial Behaviors in Adolescence

Growing evidence reveals heterogeneity in antisocial behavior and urges the need to distinguish between aggressive and nonaggressive rule-breaking behaviors. This study characterized how aggression and rule-breaking behaviors shaped peer selection and influence. Using a longitudinal social network modeling approach, these questions were addressed in a sample of 1034 ethno-racially diverse early adolescents (49.52% females, Mage = 12.1), who were assessed in fall and spring of the same year. The results showed no evidence of peer selection on aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors, and significant peer influence on aggressive behavior only. Rule-breaking also forecasted a decreased susceptibility to peer influence on aggressive behavior. The findings expanded our knowledge about complex pathways through which heterogeneity in antisocial behavior is reciprocally related to friendship networks.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Beyond the 10 years

Since the introduction of laparoscopy along with the excellent safety profile of bariatric procedures, numbers have been on the rise. The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) became the most commonly performed primary bariatric procedure. However; the safety profile and good short term outcomes are not enough. Long-term data reporting outcomes beyond 10 years in the LSG are lacking. Longterm weight loss outcomes, weight regain, resolution of comorbidities, the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barretts esophagus, and the need for reoperation are the major long-term concerns. With 10 years data available only for small cohorts and for around a total of 330 patients worldwide the previously mentioned longterm concers need to be closely observed, followed, and reported on in larger series of patients to document the long term efficacy and safety of the LSG.
Additively manufactured biomorphic cellular structures inspired by wood microstructure.

Abstract: Biological cellular materials are an important area of research in Additive manufacturing due to their intricate lightweight designs and forms with high energy absorption characteristics under compressive loading. In this study, we utilize the capability of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, experimental testing, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to design and investigate the mechanical behavior and energy absorption capabilities of novel Biomorphic Cellular Structures (BCS) inspired by the microstructure of cedar, oak, and palm wood. A comparative study of the elastic properties of the biomorphic cellular structures is carried out. The deformation and failure modes of the different cells were studied, and their performance was also discussed. Nonlinear finite element numerical simulation conducted has shown high accuracy in the prediction of deformation of the samples manufactured using additive manufacturing. The results show that cedar-bcs provides the best mechanical performance compared to the other two biomorphic cellular structures which could be as a result of its more vertical cell wall orientation, nevertheless, the palm-bcs showed a step-wise deformation and improved collapse stress. The obtained results suggest that the unique opportunities offered by the proposed experimental method, in combination with computational models, could serve to provide novel important information for the rational design of additively manufactured porous biomorphic materials.
Coping, Anxiety, and Health Care Transition Readiness in Youth with Chronic Conditions.

Abstract Purpose To explore the relationship between coping and health care transition readiness, and to examine whether anxiety is a mediator between coping and health care transition readiness. Design and methods A sample of 174 youths with various chronic conditions (age 13.03 ± 2.02 years, 48.3% male) attending the 2018 Victory Junction Camp and their parents participated. Youths and parents completed measures to assess coping (Kidcope Checklist), anxiety symptoms (PROMIS Anxiety scale), and transition readiness (STARx Questionnaire) through Qualtrics online surveys. Results Positive coping was positively related to transition readiness in both youth and parent-proxy reports, while negative coping was negatively related to transition readiness in youth reports. Anxiety mediated the relationship of positive coping and transition readiness in parent-proxy reports, and the relationship of negative coping and transition readiness in both youth self-reports and parent-reports. Conclusions Coping is an important factor in transition readiness. Furthermore, anxiety is an important mediator, and may be more influential in the relationship of negative coping and transition readiness. Practice implications Practitioners and health care providers can use these findings to promote the use of positive coping and reduce the use of negative coping, which in turn may improve outcomes for youth with chronic health conditions who are transitioning to adult health care services.
Copy complexity of Horn formulas with respect to unit read-once resolution

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the copy complexity of Horn formulas with respect to unit resolution. A Horn formula is a boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) with at most one positive literal per clause. Horn formulas find applications in a number of domains, such as program verification (abstract interpretation) and logic programming (answer set programming). Quantified Horn clauses are used extensively in temporal verification of universal properties. Resolution is one of the oldest proof systems (refutation systems) for the boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), when the input is presented in conjunctive normal form (CNF). It is both sound and complete, although inefficient, when compared to other stronger proof systems for boolean formulas. Despite its inefficiency, the simple nature of resolution makes it an integral part of several theorem provers. Unit resolution is a restricted form of resolution in which each resolution step needs to use a clause with only one literal (unit literal clause). While not complete for general CNF formulas, unit resolution is complete for Horn formulas. Read-once resolution is a form of resolution in which each clause (input or derived) may be used in at most one resolution step. As with unit resolution, read-once resolution is incomplete in general and complete for Horn clauses. This paper focuses on a combination of unit resolution and read-once resolution called unit read-once resolution. Unit read-once resolution is incomplete for Horn clauses. In this paper, we study the copy complexity problem in Horn formulas with respect to unit read-once resolution. Briefly, the copy complexity of a formula with respect to unit read-once resolution, is the smallest number k, such that replicating each clause k times guarantees the existence of a unit read-once resolution refutation (UROR). This paper focuses on two problems related to the copy complexity of Horn formulas with respect to unit read-once resolution. We first relate the copy complexity of Horn formulas with respect to unit read-once resolution to the copy complexity of the corresponding Horn constraint system with respect to the addition rule. We also examine a form of copy complexity in which we permit replication of derived clauses, in addition to the input clauses. Finally, we provide a polynomial time algorithm for the problem of checking if a 2-CNF formula has a UROR.
WE-G-BRB-00: NIH-Funded Research: Instrumental in the Pursuit of Clinical Trials and Technological Innovations

Over the past 20 years the NIH has funded individual grants, program projects grants, and clinical trials which have been instrumental in advancing patient care. The ways that each grant mechanism lends itself to the different phases of translating research into clinical practice will be described. Major technological innovations, such as IMRT and proton therapy, have been advanced with R01-type and P01-type funding and will be discussed. Similarly, the role of program project grants in identifying and addressing key hypotheses on the potential of 3D conformal therapy, normal tissue-guided dose escalation and motion management will be described. An overview will be provided regarding how these technological innovations have been applied to multi-institutional NIH-sponsored trials. Finally, the panel will discuss regarding which research questions should be funded by the NIH to inspire the next advances in radiation therapy. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the different funding mechanisms of the NIH 2. Learn about research advances that have led to innovation in delivery 3. Review achievements due to NIH-funded program project grants in radiotherapy over the past 20 years 4. Understand example advances achieved with multi-institutional clinical trials NIH
Dopamine Uptake through the Norepinephrine Transporter in Brain Regions with Low Levels of the Dopamine Transporter: Evidence from Knock-Out Mouse Lines

Selective blockers of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibit dopamine uptake in the prefrontal cortex. This suggests that dopamine in this region is normally cleared by the somewhat promiscuous NET. We have tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of inhibitors selective for the three monoamine transporters with those of a nonspecific inhibitor, cocaine, on uptake of 3H-dopamine into synaptosomes from frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens from wild-type, NET, and dopamine transporter (DAT) knock-out mice. Dopamine uptake was inhibited by cocaine and nisoxetine, but not by GBR12909, in frontal cortex synaptosomes from wild-type or DAT knock-out mice. At transporter-specific concentrations, nisoxetine and GBR12909 failed to block dopamine uptake into frontal cortex synaptosomes from NET knock-out mice. The efficacy of cocaine at the highest dose (1 mm) was normal in DAT knock-out mice but reduced by 70% in NET knock-out mice. Nisoxetine inhibited dopamine uptake by 20% in caudate and nucleus accumbens synaptosomes from wild-type and DAT knock-out mice but had no effect in those from NET knock-out mice. Cocaine failed to block dopamine uptake into caudate or nucleus accumbens synaptosomes from DAT knock-out mice. Cocaine and GBR12909 each inhibited dopamine uptake into caudate synaptosomes from NET knock-out mice, but cocaine effectiveness was reduced in the case of nucleus accumbens synaptosomes. Thus, whereas dopamine uptake in caudate and nucleus accumbens depends primarily on the DAT, dopamine uptake in frontal cortex depends primarily on the NET. These data underscore the fact that which transporter clears dopamine from a given region depends on both the affinities and the local densities of the transporters.
Quantitative inference in functional genomics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using ESTs and microarrays.

Recent advances in high throughput DNA sequencing technology have made possible the identification of large numbers of genes, and the development of cDNA microarrays have made it possible to learn about the timing and level of expression of large numbers of genes. These advances have been particularly important for biological systems that are typically recalcitrant to genetic analysis due to long generations times. Among the most difficult systems are many species of forest trees. Forest trees are important both as dominant species in forest ecosystems and for the commercial value of wood products. Here we report on the assignment of functional categories to six libraries of ESTs from loblolly pine, predominantly from xylem forming tissues. From these libraries, sequences were assigned putative cellular functions based on homologs identified in GenBank or the Arabidopsis genome (The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative 2000). We have used the EST data to estimate relative abundance of specific RNA populations within and between libraries. In addition, microarray technology has improved sufficiently so that differences in average signals of 50% or less, can be detected as statistically significant with at least 95% confidence, using improved experimental design and analysis.
Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

A description of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as defined by DSM-5 is provided such that the key areas to be covered in the assessment of ASD are evident. As discussed in this chapter, ASD, separate from and co-occurring with, intellectual disability is a critical determination that can be made during the assessment. The discussion includes the implications of the heterogeneity of ASD for the assessment process. Specific instruments that are commonly used in these assessments, including their format, strengths, and limitations are presented.
Stellilabium erratum, a comedy of blunders

Se describe Stellilabium erratum, una especie de Tapanti y el valle del Rio Pejibaye, de planta y flores relativamente grandes para el genero. La columna y el labelo son trilobados y los lobulos laterales de la columna llevan setas conspicuas.
Crystal structure of Homo sapiens neuroblastoma, suppression of tumorigenicity 1 from DAN (differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) gene (933.3)

There are over thirty-three ligands in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, among of which the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) class is the largest one. BMP ligands could be inhibited by s...
Influence of soil nutrients on reproduction and pathogenicity of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil nutrients on reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) reproduction and pathogenicity on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). Initial greenhouse studies examined phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at very low (10 or 44 mg kg-1) and high (50 or 123 mg kg-1) levels, respectively. Phosphorus produced significant increases in plant height and shoot and root dry weights as well as significant reductions in numbers of nematodes in soil and eggs from roots. Subsequent greenhouse studies evaluated increasing levels of P (10, 20, 35, 60, and 73 mg kg-1), K (44, 70, 106, 123, and 153 mg kg-1), and sulfur (S) at 3, 12, 20, 40, and 50 mg kg-1on cotton growth and nematode reproduction. Phosphorus significantly increased plant height at 15 and 30 d and shoot and root weights at 60 d. Potassium and S had no effect on plant growth with the exception of the highest level of S, which significantly reduced plant height and shoot dry weights. Overall, as P level increased, reproduction of the reniform nematode decreased. Potassium and S, irrespective of level, had no effect on densities of eggs or soil stages of the nematode. Field trials with cotton included combinations of P at 44.8 or 112 kg ha-1and S at 5.6 or 22.4 kg ha-1with or without 1, 3-dichloropropene at 28.1 L ha-1. Nematicide application significantly reduced nematode population density at mid-season and harvest in 2011 and at planting in 2012. In both 2011 and 2012, management of soil nutrients did not significantly influence nematode reproduction. In both years, seed cotton yield was significantly increased with nematicide, but not with supplemental nutrients.
Country‐of‐origin effect

Marketing researchers and managers are interested in understanding how consumers utilize country‐of‐origin (COO) information in evaluating foreign products. Argues that factors operating at the individual consumer’s psychological level may offer additional insight into how consumers process COO information. Hypothesizes that individual differences in their tendency to evaluate product information may influence the effect of COO. Specifically, when a consumer’s need for cognition (NFC) is low, COO is more influential in that consumer’s product evaluation. Favourable COO may lead to more positive product evaluation than less favourable COO. However, when consumer NFC is high, product evaluation is influenced primarily by the persuasive strength of the attribute arguments rather than by COO. The results suggest that the difference in consumer NFC indeed moderated the COO effect. Consumers who were less predisposed to evaluate attribute information were more susceptible to the influence of COO, while consumers who were more willing to process information were more influenced by specific attribute argument. Discusses implications of the findings in the light of a firm’s sourcing and marketing strategies.
State Variable Theories Based on Hart’s Formulation

Constitutive equations based on state variables are very attractive in stress analysis because of their ability to characterize the consequences of mechanical history by current values of state variables. By virtue of this a state variable theory can organize and rationalize a wealth of accumulated data, and the ensuing economy in thought will automatically lead to economy in experiment.1 Moreover, with the aid of state equations, material behavior under difficult or even unmanageable conditions may be predicted by more readily performable tests; for example, long-term creep behavior at high temperatures might be estimated based on combined short-term tensile and relaxation testing at a lower temperature.
Cognitive effects of 1- and 20-hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: preliminary report.

Objective To determine the cognitive effects of daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) administered under the conditions of a treatment trial for major depression. Background Although daily left dorsal prefrontal rTMS has improved mood in some patients with treatment-refractory depression, potential cognitive side effects of extended daily treatment have not been systematically studied. Method In a randomized double-blind treatment study, 10 subjects (mean age, 42 +/- 15 years) with an episode of major depression received either 2 weeks of low-frequency (1 Hz) or high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS (800 pulses, 20 trains over 20 minutes, 80% of motor threshold, 5 days per week) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and then were crossed over to the other treatment condition. Patients received cognitive testing at baseline and after the first and second weeks of low- or high-frequency rTMS, which was examined by repeated-measures ANOVA. Results Of 16 cognitive measures tested after 1 or 2 weeks of rTMS compared with baseline status, none showed deterioration, and the only significant main treatment effect indicated improvement on a list-recall test from pre- to post-rTMS after 1 week (p Conclusions These preliminary data suggest no gross deleterious cognitive effects of 2 weeks of 1- or 20-Hz rTMS at 80% of motor threshold over the left prefrontal cortex. Further cognitive studies of the effects of rTMS at other parameters used in clinical trials for mood disorders remain to be undertaken.
A 100 MHz 6th Order Continuous Time Band-Pass Sigma Delta Modulator with Active Inductor based Resonators

This paper presents a 6 th order, continuous time band-pass Sigma Delta modulator in IBM 0.18 um CMOS technology. We replace traditional RLC circuits, containing low quality factor spiral inductors with high quality factor, active inductor based resonators utilizing negative impedance circuits. Pad to pad simulation of the extracted layout in Cadence yields an enhanced SNDR of 78 dB with a noise bandwidth of 18 kHz and a power consumption of 12 mW. Our modulator occupies 7.5 mm 2 of chip area with pads.
Nonproductive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Nucleoside-Treated G0 Lymphocytes

Productive infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the activation of target cells. Infection of quiescent peripheral CD4 lymphocytes by HIV-1 results in incomplete, labile, reverse transcripts. We have previously identified G1b as the cell cycle stage required for the optimal completion of the reverse transcription process in T lymphocytes. However, the mechanism(s) involved in the blockage of reverse transcription remains undefined. In this study we investigated whether nucleotide levels influence viral reverse transcription in G0 cells. For this purpose the role of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase was bypassed, by adding exogenous deoxyribonucleosides to highly purified T cells in the G0 or the G1a phase of the cell cycle. Our data showed a significant increase in the efficiency of the reverse transcription process following the addition of the deoxyribonucleosides. To define the stability and functionality of these full reverse transcripts, we used an HIV-1 reporter virus that expresses the murine heat-stable antigen on the surfaces of infected cells. Following activation of infected quiescent cells treated with exogenous nucleosides, no increased rescue of productive infection was seen. Thus, in addition to failure to complete reverse transcription, there was an additional nonreversible blockage of productive infection in quiescent T cells. These experiments have important relevance in the gene therapy arena, in terms of improving the ability of lentivirus vectors to enter metabolically inactive cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells.
Self Damaging Circumstances: An Exploration of Gender and the Vacuum Identity as They Pertain to Self-injury

This article explores the vacuum identity as it relates to self injury and the relationship between gender and self injury. The research done in this article is based on in depth interviews from ten participants from a small liberal arts college in the Mid-Atlantic region. Findings suggest that vacuum identity may be directly related to self injury through: 1) forming a new identity as a self injurer; or 2) to deal with the isolation felt by the vacuum identity. Findings also suggest that the link between women and self injury might pertain to the distress women feel over conflicting societal gender definitions and maintaining their gender role in a public domain. This research may contribute to counseling and social work in real-life applications to better understand self injury as a phenomenon.
Chapter 9. Nutritional adequacy of diets reported at baseline and during trial years 1-6 by the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial

This chapter addresses whether a fat-modified diet as implemented by special intervention participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial affected intake of vitamins and minerals, and whether nutritional adequacy was altered by this dietary intervention. Despite likely underreporting of intake, for men in the special intervention group, most mean intakes of 15 micronutrients estimated from 24-h recalls were above established recommended dietary allowances. A few means were slightly below ; lowest was zinc at 77% (from 98% at baseline) followed by calcium at 79% (from 102% at baseline). Calculated as nutrient densities (per 1000 kcal), nutrients that were below indexes of nutritional quality (the corresponding standard based on nutrient density) during follow-up, although not reduced below baseline by this measure, were vitamin D, calcium, iron (marginally), and zinc. Analyses by food groups indicated that intake of these nutrients might have been improved by greater replacement of high- and medium-fat dairy products with low-fat dairy products (for vitamin D and calcium) and of high-fat meats with low-fat meats, fish, or poultry (for iron and zinc), or (because iron was adequate) by increasing consumption of vegetables and whole-grain products. The safety of the eating pattern was further confirmed by more favorable micronutrient profiles in men who adhered best to the intervention program, as measured by degree of serum cholesterol reduction and weight loss.
Serum β-Glucuronidase Assay by the Phenolphthalein Mono-β-Glucuronide Method

In the phenolphthalein mono-β-glucuronide method for β-glucuronidase assay, diminished enzyme levels have been observed when trichloroacetic acid or heat coagulation are used for deproteinization, but not when acetone is used for this purpose. Data are presented to show the effect of these reagents when blood serum is used as a source of enzyme. The optimum pH of serum β-glucuronidase was found to be 4.1-4.2 in acetate buffer at 37°, and the assay is performed most conveniently without protein removal.
Genetic evidence of dissociation (generational skips) of electrical from morphologic forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is traditionally based on the demonstration by echocardiography of left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of apparent cause. This study reports on 5 adults in 4 families who are obligate or highly probable carriers of the HC gene by virtue of their position in the pedigree, but who have normal echocardiographic findings. Four of these 5 patients had abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiograms, a finding suggesting the presence of electrical disease despite the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The fifth patient, an identical twin of a patient with familial HC, had neither left ventricular hypertrophy nor a myocardial electrical abnormality. These data indicate that the spectrum of HC includes patients who have a potentially arrhythmogenic left ventricular substrate but who have no evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Our data demonstrating generational skips also imply that some instances of HC previously judged to be sporadic may indeed by familial.
Turbulent mixing and beyond

Turbulence is a supermixer. Turbulent mixing has immense consequences for physical phenomena spanning astrophysical to atomistic scales under both high- and low-energy-density conditions. It influences thermonuclear fusion in inertial and magnetic confinement systems; governs dynamics of supernovae, accretion disks and explosions; dominates stellar convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lithosphere tectonics; affects premixed and non-premixed combustion; controls standard turbulent flows (wall-bounded and free—subsonic, supersonic as well as hypersonic); as well as atmospheric and oceanic phenomena (which themselves have important effects on climate). In most of these circumstances, the mixing phenomena are driven by non-equilibrium dynamics. While each article in this collection dwells on a specific problem, the purpose here is to seek a few unified themes amongst diverse phenomena.
Mechanisms of osteoporosis after hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common complications of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone loss occurs in 50% to 60% of patients treated with the most common preparatory regimens. The major causes of transplant-related bone loss are primary hypogonadism (low estrogen and testosterone), secondary hyperparathyroidism due to low serum calcium, and posttransplant steroid therapy. Other transplant-related treatments that induce bone loss are discussed. Trabecular bone is particularly vulnerable to transplant-related therapies. The spine and hip contain 50% to 75% trabecular bone and are most at risk for fracture after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The structure of bone and the bone cells that are involved in maintaining skeletal integrity are discussed, followed by a discussion of the transplant-related therapies that have been shown to cause damage to bone and lead to bone loss. Recommendations for patients undergoing HCT include (1) evaluation of bone mineral density either shortly before or shortly after transplantation and appropriate intervention and monitoring based on the results; and (2) evaluation of estrogen and testosterone levels after HCT and replacement when appropriate; and (3) administration of bisphosphonate therapy to all patients on steroids for >2 months. Early intervention and prevention of bone loss can have a tremendous clinical impact for patients undergoing HCT because once significant bone loss has occurred, it is difficult to reverse. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6(2A):165-74.
An Automatic Filter Positioner Device for Emission Spectroscopy

The analyses of some geological materials (rocks, soils, plant ash, etc.) by emission spectroscopy methods often require various arrangements of filter settings. For total energy methods, we found that using 100 % transmission for the first 30 sec of the burn improves the detection limits for the volatile elements. Mosier described a split slit technique for the analysis of plant ashes in which (1) the sample is arced for 15 sec using a split slit having 15 % transmission in one area and 100 % in the remainder, (2) the arc is stopped to insert a Hartmann diaphragm to block out the 100 % portion of the spectrum, and (3) the arc is restarted recording only the 15% transmission portion throughout the remaining 81 sec of burn time.
Mobility, competition, and Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups

Evidence for carcass access times and levels of early hominid mobility is synthesized using studies of carnivore ethology and theories of interspecific competition to arrive at tentative conclusions about the organization of Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups. The model presented suggests that group foraging tactics, in combination with high mobility, are central to successful confrontational scavenging (interference competition), whereas individual foraging tactics and high mobility are central to successful nonconfrontational scavenging (exploitative competition). In contrast, group or individual foraging tactics and low mobility characterize the acquisition of fresh carcasses in low-competition contexts. Individual foraging tactics and low mobility are employed in response to extreme competition over marginal resources. Preliminary tests with data from Bed I Olduvai Gorge and Koobi Fora suggest that Plio-Pleistocene hominids, like other large-bodied predators, employed flexible foraging tactics involving changes in group size and levels of mobility to gain access to carcasses in both low-and high-competition contexts.
Fleischner Lines and Pulmonary Emboli

Fleischner lines are often the only roentgen evidence of pulmonary embolization, particularly when the emboli are small. The linear shadows are cast by focal areas of atelectasis viewed on end. The atelectasis is an indirect manifestation of the vascular occlusion and is due to obstruction of a subsegmental bronchus by retained secretion or by hemorrhagic exudate. Although Fleischner lines are not seen in every case of pulmonary embolization, when present, and especially when bilateral, they are definitely suggestive of the diagnosis.
An operational approach to perturbation analysis of closed queuing networks

Abstract Perturbation analysis is an efficient method to estimate the sensitivity of performance with respect to parameters for queuing networks. An operational approach to perturbation analysis is developed. Concepts such as realization ratios and their equations are derived in the operational framework. The approach utilizes assumptions which pertain only to the average behaviour of a system in any sample path. Stochastic and operational approaches to queuing networks and their sensitivity analysis are compared. The operational approach is more appropriate for real world problems such as manufacturing systems where the time averages are the primary concern.
Improvement on dynamic elastic interpolation technique for reconstructing 3-D objects from serial cross sections (biomedical application)

An improved method for automatically reconstructing a three-dimensional object from serial cross sections is presented. The method improves the dynamic elastic contour interpolation technique. There are two major improvements: (1) in the case of branching that involves concave contours, instead of pairwise interpolation between the start contour and each goal contour, the goal image is considered globally and local constraints are imposed on the forces exerting upon the vertices; and (2) it takes the continuity of high-order derivatives into consideration and incorporates the schemes of spline theory, quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation, and finite-element-based multilevel surface interpolation to create smoother surfaces of the reconstructed object. Based on the output from the preliminary processing, two alternatives, a quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation algorithm and a finite-element-based multilevel surface interpolation algorithm, can be adopted to obtain the final surface representation. >
Colony-stimulating factor-1 requires PI3-kinase-mediated metabolism for proliferation and survival in myeloid cells.

Colony-stimulating factor-1 requires PI3-kinase-mediated metabolism for proliferation and survival in myeloid cells
Addendum to Fragrance material review on linalool

A Fragrance material review on linalool was published by Letizia et al. in Food and Chemical Toxicology 41 (2003) 943-964. This addendum to the earlier publication will only report studies that were conducted after the Fragrance material review was published.
A Clinical Perspective in Evolutionary Medicine: What We Wish We Had Learned in Medical School

Medical students have much to gain by understanding how evolutionary principles affect human health and disease. Many theoretical and experimental studies have applied lessons from evolutionary biology to issues of critical importance to medical science. A firm grasp of evolution and natural selection is required to understand why the human body remains vulnerable to many diseases. Although we often integrate evolutionary concepts when we teach medical students and residents, the vast majority of medical students never receive any instruction on evolution. As a result, many trainees lack the tools to understand key advances and miss valuable opportunities for education and research. Here, we outline some of the evolutionary principles that we wished we had learned during our medical training.
Pulmonary Vascular Lesions in Systemic Scleroderma

Nine cases of systemic scleroderma are described in which were found extensive pulmonary arterial lesions. It is postulated that these vascular lesions contributed to See Images in the PDF File the development of cor pulmonale in seven of the cases. The early vascular lesions had a loose, myxomatous character while late lesions were more compact and cellular. PAS and Alcian blue positive material in the early lesions suggested that carbohydrate-containing protein and mucopolysac-charide were present. The pulmonary vascular lesions have many pathogenic features in common with systemic vascular lesions and visceral lesions in the disorder.
INVESTIGATIONS ON STERILITY AND DEFORMITIES OF ONTHOPHAGUS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) INDUCED BY GAMMA RADIATION

With the development of power reactors, comes the problem of safe and economical disposal of the radioactive wastes produced in the processing of reactor fuels. One of the many aspects of the disposal problem is the toxic effect of the materials, and of the accompanying radiations on the flora and fauna of an area. Not only has it become necessary to evaluate the effects, primarily of the ionizing radiation, on the complex inter-relationships that exist within a given biological community, but also detailed information on single species populations is badly needed.
Interpolation problems in function spaces

Let D be a domain in the complex plane, let {.z~} be a sequence of distinct points in D, and let {w*} be an arbitrary sequence of complex numbers. Given a space E of functions on D, the problem arises to characterize the pairs of sequences {z,} and {w,} for which there is a function j E E with j(z,) = w, , 72 = 1, 2,.... In the present paper, we solve a general interpolation problem of this type. We then apply the result to obtain criteria for interpolation by H* functions, 1 < p < co, by harmonic functions of class hP, and by functions belonging to certain Hilbert spaces. The main tool is a general theorem, closely related to the Hahn-Banach theorem, on the extension of functionals over normed linear spaces.