cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF ITEM CONTEXT IN FAKING PERSONNEL SELECTION INVENTORIES1

Little is known about the fakability of empirically developed measures when such measures are removed from their original instrument or battery for use in selection decisions. A research design was created that experimentally induced motivation similar to that in employment settings. Experimental group subjects were randomly assigned to two conditions. One condition required S's to complete the entire Strong Vocational Interest Blank while the other condition required subjects to complete only those items which are scored on the psychologist's scale. When results of the two conditions were compared for the “motivated” subjects, those presented with the psychologist scale items only obtained significantly higher scale scores than those who completed the entire SVIB. Although additional research on other instruments should be conducted, these results indicate caution in the practice of retaining only the valid scale items for instruments used in employment settings. While maintaining the original context does not totally eliminate the problem of response distortion it makes the problem much less pronounced.
SU-GG-I-18: Feasibility Study and Clinical Application of Partial Conebeam Computed Tomography (pCBCT) for Boost Breast Treatment in RT

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using partial CBCT (pCBCT) as a setup aid for boost field verification of conventional breast treatments in RT Method and Materials: Elekta XVILinacs (Synergy) and XVI (v. 3.5) are used to take pCBCT images of the boost breast with S20 collimator, H&N Reconstruction options, and 240° scan angles. 2 breast phantoms are used: water‐filled mannequins phantom, and acrylic cone attached onto humanoid phantom. They are used to estimate the patient dose, and to investigate geometrical distortions caused by partial volume scans: mainly determined by clearances between patient body and treatment head. The commercial XVIsoftware is used without any modifications. CTimages with extra contours including surgical clips, lung, skin, and nipples with their 3–5mm margins are exported and correlated with those in pCBCT images. The patient dose was also measured with standard commercial phantom with pencil chambers using a commercial phantom using TLD.This pCBCT procedure has been used to determine its clinical advantage with 8 patients compared with MV/KV images. All the surgical clips are well defined in 3 planes of the pCBCT images. The image fusion is based upon bone, clip, skins, and/or breast implant. They are mainly chosen by a physician. Results:The setup uncertainties can be as much as 8mm, which seems to be related to deformation of the breast, and seroma changes. The clips can be defined in the 3 planes or all the patients. The MV/KV portal images are used to confirm the image matching procedure of partial CBCT.Conclusion: The pCBCT is a reliable and convenient tool to verify the treatment setup as well as treatment fields. The pCBCT with smaller collimators (16cm*20cm, and 12cm*20cm) are under investigation to improve image quality so that the seroma could be defined for the ABC breast patients.
Pauli Limiting and the Possibility of Spin Fluctuations in the A 15 Superconductors

From the critical-field data on the strongly Pauli limited superconductor ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$Ga it is shown that large electron-electron interactions (and their associated spin fluctuations) may play an important role in the superconductivity of the $A15$ superconductors. This possibility is shown to be consistent with existing ${T}_{c}$, heat-capacity, and spin-susceptibility data on several $A15$ superconductors.
Compressible-flow channel flutter

The effect of fluid compressibility on the dynamic stability of a two-dimensional flow through a flexible channel is analysed. The compressibility parameter Q is defined as the ratio of a reference elastic wave speed of the wall to the local speed of sound. As the fluid speed increases, the walls become dynamically unstable at the critical fluid speed S0 and start to flutter at critical frequency ω0. The effect of three other dimensionless parameters on the critical condition is also analysed. These are the ratio γ of fluid damping to wall damping, the ratio B of wall bending resistance to elastance, and the ratio μ of wall to fluid mass. Nonlinear analysis using the Poincare–Lindstedt method shows stiffening at supercritical speeds. Further stability analysis using the method of multiple scales shows that the amplitude growth is finite and the nonlinear fluttering state is stable. Both symmetric and antisymmetric modes of oscillation are analysed. A frictionless system is found to be a singular case in the nonlinear theory. The hydraulic approximation employed in the analysis is shown to be a particular limiting form of the corresponding Orr–Sommerfeld system.
Acetylcholine Receptors in the Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland

The muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) was used to study muscarinic cholinergic binding sites in a crude membrane fraction prepared from the rat anterior pituitary gland. Specific [3H]QNB binding is saturable with a Kd of 16 pM and a receptor concentration of 46 fmol/mg protein. The rates of association and dissociation were calculated to be 0.0013 pM-1min-1 and 0.007 mun-1, respectively. [3H]QNB binding in the anterior pituitary is linear with tissue protein concentration, and optimal binding occurred within a broad pH range (pH 6.5–7.2) at 37 C. Stereospecificity of [3H]QNB binding was demonstrated by inhibition with acetylcholine (Ki = 10-5 M), the muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, atropine, imipramine, and diphenhydramine; Ki = 10-10 − 10-9 m), and muscarinic agonists (pilocarpine and oxotremorine; Ki = 10-6 m). In contrast, nicotinic agonist (nicotine) and antagonists (d-tubocurarine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium) were less potent (Ki = 5 × 10-3 − 10-6 m). The concentration o...
Racial disparity in risk factors for substantiation of child maltreatment

This study examined racial disparity in impacts that welfare use, substance abuse, depression, and intimate partner violence (IPV) make on substantiation of reported child maltreatment. A sample of 1493 African Americans, 848 Hispanics, and 2144 Whites was employed, extracted from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Logistic regression results indicated that each ethnic subsample had a distinct set of significant risk factors for substantiation. For the African American subsample, relatively long periods spent receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) reduced likelihood of substantiation, as did caregivers' alcohol dependence. For the Hispanic subsample, TANF receipt lowered substantiation's likelihood, while caregivers' drug use raised its likelihood. For the White subsample, caregivers' TANF receipt and substance abuse showed no significant impact. No subsample's substantiation likelihood appeared significantly affected by depression or IPV. Implications for services are suggested.
High School Risk Factors Associated With Alcohol Trajectories and College Alcohol Use

Students often drink alcohol at their highest levels in college. It is suggested that students with the most severe drinking problems begin drinking by or in high school, but studies on high school drinking tend to focus on students who have academic problems and are not college-bound. The purpose of this study was to examine high school drinking behaviors that were risk indicators for problematic student drinking in college, and to use these to identify high school-to-college drinking trajectories. Using an electronic survey, data were obtained on 430 first- and second-year male and female college students mandated to a harm-reduction program due to violation of college alcohol-use policies. Data on alcohol use were obtained through a modified version of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire in which students were asked to describe their drinking during high school and college. Students were also asked to report the frequency with which they drank to intoxication and whether or not they had experienced blacko...
ACES: a contextual engine for search

In web information retrieval, users often have to modify their queries several times before they can reach a page that meets their information need. During these interactions with the search engine, the user provides a lot of useful information to the search engine, which can be exploited to infer the user information need. For instance, if a user types “lemur” as the query, most of the pages returned by the search engine are about the animal lemur or lemur information retrieval toolkit. On the other hand, if the search engine incorporates the previous query submitted by the same user, say, “information retrieval”, the search engine can disambiguate the meaning of “lemur” and present pages that are related to lemur information retrieval toolkit. We design and implement a sessionbased search engine ACES(A Contextual Engine for Search), which puts the search in context[2]. Although there have been several attempts at building a personalized or contextual search engine [3] or session based search engines [1], our search engine has the following new features, which will be demonstrated:
Depressed Mood and Survival in Seriously Ill Hospitalized Adults

Objectives: To assess the relationship among depressed mood, physical functioning, and severity of illness and to determine the relationship between depressed mood and survival time, controlling for severity of illness, baseline functioning, and characteristics of patients. Methods: Prospective cohort study of data for 3529 seriously ill hospitalized adults who received care at 5 tertiary care teaching hospitals and who completed a depressed mood assessment 7 to 11 days after admission to the study. The Profile of Mood States depression subscale was used to assess depressed mood. A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the independent effect of depressed mood on survival time, adjusting for demographic characteristics of patients and health status. Results: Greater magnitudes of depressed mood were associated with worse levels of physical functioning (r=0.151; P,.001) and more severity of illness. Depressed mood was associated with reduced survival time after adjusting for patient demographics and health status (hazards ratio, 1.134; 95% confidence interval, 1.0711.200; P#.001). Conclusion: Seriously ill patients should be assessed for the presence of depressed mood even if they have not been given a diagnosis of depression. Further study is needed to determine whether interventions aimed at relieving depressed mood may improve prognosis.
Plastic Changes in Glycine and GABA Release and Uptake in Adult Brain Stem Auditory Nuclei after Unilateral Middle Ear Ossicle Removal and Cochlear Ablation

[i] In young adult guinea pigs, the effects of unilateral ossicle removal and unilateral cochlear ablation were determined on [14C]glycine or [14C]GABA release and uptake measured in subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus (CN), the superior olivary complex, and the auditory midbrain, after 2 or 5, 59, and 145 postlesion days. Activities were compared to those of age-matched, unlesioned controls. [ii] [14C]Glycine release declined bilaterally in the anteroventral and dorsal CN after ossicle removal and in the dorsal CN after cochlear ablation. [iii] Transient elevations of release occurred at 59 days in the ipsilateral posteroventral CN ([14C]glycine) and bilaterally in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ([14C]GABA) after ossicle removal, and bilaterally in the medial superior olive ([14C]glycine) after cochlear ablation. [iv] In the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, [14C]GABA release was depressed bilaterally 5 days after ossicle removal, but was elevated at 145 days contralaterally after ossicle removal and ipsilaterally after cochlear ablation. [v] In the contralateral central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, [14C]GABA release was elevated persistently after ossicle removal. After cochlear ablation, release was elevated at 5 days, near the control at 59 days, and elevated again at 145 days. [vi] After both lesions, [14C]glycine uptake was elevated bilaterally in the CN and medial superior olive. [14C]GABA uptake became depressed by 59 or 145 days bilaterally in the auditory midbrain. [vii] These changes may stem from regulation and may contribute to mechanisms that generate symptoms such as loudness recruitment and tinnitus, which often accompany hearing loss.
Analysis of fisher information and the Cramer-Rao bound for nonlinear parameter estimation after compressed sensing

In this paper, we analyze the impact of compressed sensing with random matrices on Fisher information and the CRB for estimating unknown parameters in the mean value function of a multivariate normal distribution. We consider the class of random compression matrices that satisfy a version of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma, and we derive analytical lower and upper bounds on the CRB for estimating parameters from randomly compressed data. These bounds quantify the potential loss in CRB as a function of Fisher information of the non-compressed data. In our numerical examples, we consider a direction of arrival estimation problem and compare the actual loss in CRB with our bounds.
Depletion of vesicles and fatigue of transmission at a vertebrate central synapse

Abstract Synapses from Mauthner to giant fibers in the hatchetfish are chemically transmitting excitatory axo-axonic synapses located in the medulla. The synapses are 4–10 μm in diameter and easily identified for electron microscopy. Presynaptic vesicles are clustered near the contact regions and are round, clear and 40–60 nm in diameter. Stimulation of the Mauthner fiber at 10/sec for 10 min greatly reduces PSP amplitude and causes profound changes in presynaptic structures. Synaptic vesicles become few in number and there is a marked accumulation of irregular membranous structures. These changes are reversible. During the recovery period, the number of synaptic vesicles progressively increases to control values, and the number of irregular membranous structures declines. Further, stimulation during cooling induces depletion of vesicles together with a great increase in the surface area of the presynaptic membrane and in the number of coated vesicles. Internal irregular membranous structures are few. Our data provide evidence for the vesicular release of transmitter and are consistent with there being a mechanism of membrane recycling in which vesicle membrane fuses with the presynaptic membrane and is reclaimed from it by coated vesicles that then coalesce to form irregular membranous structures from which new synaptic vesicles are formed.
The in vitro translation product of the murine lambda 5 gene contains a functional signal peptide.

Abstract We have isolated and sequenced a novel λ 1 constant region related cDNA clone which might represent an allelic variant of the recently described λ 5 gene. This λ 5 transcript is present in pre-B cell lines and bone marrow cells, but not in B cell lines, plasma cell lines or in spleen cells. In vitro translation studies show that the translation product contains a signal peptide of approx. 30 amino acids at its N -terminus.
Solution structure of loop A from the hairpin ribozyme from tobacco ringspot virus satellite.

The solution structure of loop A from the hairpin ribozyme found in the minus strand of tobacco ringspot virus satellite has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. The ribozyme consists of two internal loops flanked by short helices: loop A and helices I and II include the substrate and substrate binding site; loop B and helices III and IV are the catalytic domain. Loop A is a symmetric internal loop of eight nucleotides that contains the cleavage site. The 2-amino group of the guanine immediately 3‘ to the cleavage site is essential for catalysis. NMR results show that this guanine forms a sheared G·A base pair. The cytosine residue immediately 5‘ to the cleavage site forms an AH+·C base pair with an adenine whose pKa is shifted to 6.2 to allow partial protonation near neutral pH. Although the residues flanking the cleavage site are stacked in an A-form pattern, the phosphodiester backbone next to the cleavage site on the 3‘ side is splayed apart. This places the following basea uracilin the expanded majo...
Firm-to-firm and interpersonal relationships: Perspectives from advertising agency account managers

We do things for people we like, our friends. However, in firm-to-firm exchange relationships, boundary spanners are economic agents representing their firms contractually to achieve specific goals. Thus, questions arise as to whether close interpersonal relationships exist in business settings, how they are defined, and whether they influence the nature and functioning of interfirm exchange. A qualitative study with advertising agency account managers finds that analyzing interpersonal relationships across groups from both sides defines firm-to-firm relationships. Participants define these relationships based on the extent to which the agency is involved in the client’s business across categories including vendor, partner, and surrogate manager. Interpersonal relationship exist across categories including strictly business, business friends, and highly personal. The relationships are distinguished based on the knowledge base developed about the brand manager. Overwhelmingly, the participants claim that devoloping close, interpersonal relationships is beneficial to both their professional and personal lives.
Control volume function approximation methods and their applications to modeling porous media flow II: the black oil model

Abstract This is the second paper of a series where we introduce control volume function approximation (CVFA) methods and present their applications to modeling porous media flow. In the first paper, we introduced these methods to solve linear partial differential equations (PDE) in two-dimensional space and applied them to modeling two-phase flow. In this paper we extend them to solving coupled nonlinear PDEs in three-dimensional space and present their applications to reservoir simulation using the black oil model. The numerical results show that the CVFA methods are efficient and accurate for solving ‘crossing bubble point’ and three-phase coning problems. For a large model problem with over 20,000 nodes, the computational cost of the CVFA methods is virtually the same as that of the control volume finite element methods, slightly more than that of the 5-point finite difference (FD) method (the 7-point in three dimensions), and less than that of the 9-point FD method (the 11-point in three dimensions).
Wiggler-length dependence of the output of a free-electron laser

A partial differential equation for the probability amplitude in the spherical phase space is derived to describe the nonlinear evolution of a free-electron laser in the Compton regime. A perturbative solution up to an indefinite high order of the electron quantum recoil is obtained. It is used to calculate the laser output, in terms of average photon number, as a function of the wiggler length.
Encapsulated high frequency (235 kHz), high-Q (100 k) disk resonator gyroscope with electrostatic parametric pump

In this paper, we explore the effects of electrostatic parametric amplification on a high quality factor (Q > 100 000) encapsulated disk resonator gyroscope (DRG), fabricated in 〈100〉 silicon. The DRG was operated in the n = 2 degenerate wineglass mode at 235 kHz, and electrostatically tuned so that the frequency split between the two degenerate modes was less than 100 mHz. A parametric pump at twice the resonant frequency is applied to the sense axis of the DRG, resulting in a maximum scale factor of 156.6 μV/(°/s), an 8.8× improvement over the non-amplified performance. When operated with a parametric gain of 5.4, a minimum angle random walk of 0.034°/√h and bias instability of 1.15°/h are achieved, representing an improvement by a factor of 4.3× and 1.5×, respectively.
Determination of Trace Chloroanilines in Environmental Water Samples Using Hollow Fiber-Based Liquid Phase Microextraction

A liquid phase microextraction method using hollow fiber to support extraction solvent was developed for enrichment of trace level chloroanilines in environmental water samples. Target analytes, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 2,3-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and 3,5-dichloroaniline were determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector after extraction. Experimental conditions that affect extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. The proposed method showed a wide linear range from lower μg L−1 to 1,000 μg L−1, low detection limits (≤5.1 μg L−1), and reasonable relative standard deviations (RSDs < 13%). Feasibility of the method was evaluated by analyzing river water samples collected from the Hudson River and the East River in New York City.
A high resolution streamer chamber for use in heavy quark studies

A high-resolution streamer chamber was built in which the thermal diffusion of the ionization electrons has been suppressed during the trigger formation time. The chamber has been operated in a high-energy beam, and a resolution of 12- mu m was achieved with two measurable streamers per millimeter of track. The chamber cross section is depicted, and measurement results are presented. >
Role of the Stratospheric Polar Freezing Belt in Denitrification

Homogeneous freezing of nitric acid hydrate particles can produce a polar freezing belt in either hemisphere that can cause denitrification. Computed denitrification profiles for one Antarctic and two Arctic cold winters are presented. The vertical range over which denitrification occurs is normally quite deep in the Antarctic but limited in the Arctic. A 4 kelvin decrease in the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere due to anthropogenic and/or natural effects can trigger the occurrence of widespread severe denitrification. Ozone loss is amplified in a denitrified stratosphere, so the effects of falling temperatures in promoting denitrification must be considered in assessment studies of ozone recovery trends.
The Role of the Drug Information Center in Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

Purpose: The objective of this article is to describe an innovative practice model that involves the drug information centers and drug information specialists in the Alabama Department of Public Health's (ADPH) response procedure to a terrorism event or natural disaster that requires mass dispensing of a pharmaceutical product.Summary: A descriptive account is provided of a strategic partnership between the ADPH and the drug information centers located in the state of Alabama. These sites have been contracted to supply information services to patients during an event where a disaster response is required and adequate patient information regarding the disease state and drug product may be lacking. These sites are utilized on a rotating basis, with the ADPH obligated to provide infrastructure and access to the drug information specialists providing information and counseling over the telephone to patients. These services can be funded through federal and state agencies to support the equipment and personnel...
Tandem mass spectrometry at low kinetic energy

Abstract Recent progress in mass spectrometry, as applied to molecular analysis, is reviewed with emphasis on tandem mass spectrometry. Tandem instruments use multiple analyzers (sector magnets, quadrupole mass filters and time-of-flight devices) to select particular molecules in ionic form, react them in the gas-phase and then record the mass, momenta or kinetic energies of their products. The capabilities of tandem mass spectrometry for identification of individual molecules or particular classes of compounds in complex mixtures are illustrated. Several different types of experiments can be run using a tandem mass spectrometer; all share the feature of sifting the molecular mixture being analyzed on the basis of chemical properties expressed in terms of ionic mass, kinetic energy or charge state. Applications of mass spectrometry to biological problems often depend upon desorption methods of ionization in which samples are bombarded with particle beams. Evaporation of preformed charged species from the condensed phase into the vacuum is a particularly effective method of ionization. It is suggested that the use of accelerator mass spectrometers be extended to include problems of molecular analysis. In such experiments, low energy tandem mass spectrometry conducted in the eV or keV range of energies, would be followed by further characterization of the product ion beam using highly selective MeV collision processes.
On the study of an optimal and robust control of the inverted pendulum wind turbine

The main limitation of the optimal control is the requirement of complete system knowledge, this leads to the high sensitivity to parametric uncertainties and exogenous perturbations. A possible solution to this problem is to introduce a sliding mode control (SMC), well known for its robustness to uncertainties and disturbances, into optimal control whenever the uncertainties are present. This can make optimal control more robust and applicable to real energy systems. Though SMC and optimal control are two control strategies, it is possible integrate them together. In this work, combining (SMC) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) will be analyzed, designed and applied to the new kind of wind turbine model, the so-called Inverted Pendulum Wind Turbine (IPWT). This new approach would allow to place offshore wind farms in deep water. All simulations are done using Matlab/Simulink.
Erythrocytic Adenosine Monophosphate as an Alternative Purine Source in Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum is a purine auxotroph, salvaging purines from erythrocytes for synthesis of RNA and DNA. Hypoxanthine is the key precursor for purine metabolism in Plasmodium. Inhibition of hypoxanthine-forming reactions in both erythrocytes and parasites is lethal to cultured P. falciparum. We observed that high concentrations of adenosine can rescue cultured parasites from purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase blockade but not when erythrocyte adenosine kinase is also inhibited. P. falciparum lacks adenosine kinase but can salvage AMP synthesized in the erythrocyte cytoplasm to provide purines when both human and Plasmodium purine nucleoside phosphorylases and adenosine deaminases are inhibited. Transport studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the P. falciparum nucleoside transporter PfNT1 established that this transporter does not transport AMP. These metabolic patterns establish the existence of a novel nucleoside monophosphate transport pathway in P. falciparum.
Likelihood-Ratio DIF Testing: Effects of Nonnormality

Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item has different measurement properties for members of one group versus another. Likelihood-ratio (LR) tests for DIF based on item response theory (IRT) involve statistically comparing IRT models that vary with respect to their constraints. A simulation study evaluated how violation of the normality assumption about the random latent variable for one or both groups affected IRT-LR-DIF results. Item response data with or without DIF were generated from the two-parameter logistic model and fitted under the assumption that the latent distribution was normal for both groups. Although the IRT-LR-DIF method performed well when latent distributions were normal for both groups, results were distorted when the distribution was skewed for one or both groups. Specifically, Type I error was inflated, differences between reference- and focal-group item parameter estimates were inaccurate, and group differences in the mean and variance of the latent distribution were...
Etidronate inhibits the thyroid hormone-induced bone loss in rats assessed by bone mineral density and messenger ribonucleic acid markers of osteoblast and osteoclast function

TSH-suppressive doses of thyroid hormone are associated with bone loss. We have previously reported that L-T4 decreases femoral, but not vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. As bisphosphonates are able to decrease bone resorption, especially in high bone turnover states, we investigated the potential effects of etidronate disodium (EHDP) on L-T4-induced bone loss in the rat model by assessing BMD and gene expression of osteoblast (osteocalcin, osteopontin, type I collagen, and alkaline phosphatase), osteoclast (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), and cell growth (histone) markers in the skeleton. L-T4 administered for 20 days decreased BMD in the femur, but had no effect on the lumbar spine. EHDP alone had no effect on femoral or vertebral BMD, but did prevent the L-T4-induced bone loss in the femur. L-T4 increased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and histone H4 in the femur, but not in the vertebrae. EHDP, which alone had no effect on gene expression in...
Some thoughts on sharing science

Sustaining and upgrading the national interest in science requires breaking through some of the barriers that separate science from the academy's other disciplines and interests, and from society as a whole. This article reviews some of the difficulties and prospects of sharing science within the academy and the ripple effect that such activities may have on the larger social context of attitudes toward science. We recognize that crossing into other disciplines for any purpose raises special communication problems. We also argue that much of the apprehension concerning such discourse rests on a fallacy. Some relief is anticipated through an ongoing critical and reflexive examination of ourselves and our activities with respect to the ways science touches our collective lives, and by conscientiously developing new relationships for teaching scientific thinking and values on the premise that science is inherently a form of public knowledge that relies heavily on cultural values and society. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed84:507–523, 2000.
Investigation of the Effect of Insulin upon Regional Brain Glucose Metabolism in the Rat in Vivo

The hypothesis that insulin might promote increased glucose metabolism in putative glucoreceptor areas of the brain was investigated in the rat. Using tritiated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), unanesthetized fasted rats were injected with 0.1 U insulin and studied 30 min later. The local uptake of 2-DG into discrete brain areas was examined in serial frozen 400-micrometer sections. Areas 1.1 mm in diameter were punched from the region of the ventral medial, ventral lateral, and dorsal hypothalamus and from a control area from the cerebral cortex. The punched tissue segments were analyzed for total radioactivity and protein content. The results showed that insulin failed to influence the pattern of 2-DG uptake into these discrete brain regions. When the data were analyzed with a simple kinetic model to determine the net fractional rate of uptake of 2-DG by the tissues, brain tissues displayed a 75% rate increase compared to saline-treated controls. Heart muscle collected from the same rats showed a 700% increase after insulin, while lung, an insulin insensitive tissue, displayed a 30% increase. Because the nonsteady state conditions of the model dictate a number of assumptions, the modest increase in the calculated rate of uptake in brain tissue must be verified by a steady state model before it can be accepted as representing a real effect of insulin upon the overall metabolism of glucose in the brain. Regardless of these reservations, it may be concluded from the pattern of response, that insulin does not selectively increase glucose uptake or metabolism in the putative glucoreceptor areas of the hypothalamus under the conditions of these experiments.
Effects of aggregate structure and organic C on wettability of Ustolls

Abstract Soil wettability is especially important for rainfed agriculture in climates with a dry period during the growing season. The effect of aggregate structure and soil organic C content on wettability of soil aggregates was determined for grassland (grass) and tilled fields (tillage). Soil organic C, plastic limit, aggregate total porosity, and wettability at 100 mm (rapid wetting) and 300 mm (slow wetting) water tension were measured on soil at 0–0.2 m depth. Natural aggregates from tillage and grass were compared to soil pellets formed by remolding aggregates. At both tensions, wettability of grass aggregates was significantly greater than that of tillage aggregates ( P ≤ 0.001). Pellets were significantly less wettable than natural aggregates at 300 mm tension and during the initial wetting at 100 mm tension, but became significantly more wettable with time at 100 mm tension. Cumulative water uptake during 60 min exceeded the initial total porosity of pellets and natural tillage aggregates, suggesting incipient failure (formation of microcracks) during fast wetting. Grass aggregates contained twice as much organic C as tillage aggregates (26 g kg −1 versus 13 g kg −1 ). Organic C was linearly and positively related to plastic limit, total porosity, and the wettability of natural aggregates at 300 mm tension. At 100 mm tension, organic C was negatively related to wettability of natural aggregates under grass, but unrelated to wettability under tillage. Aggregate wettability was positively related to organic carbon content, except when the arrangement of soil constituents reduced or prevented incipient failure and soil dispersion during rapid wetting resulted in cumulative water uptake (60 min) similar to initial aggregate total porosity. Organic C increased wettability of grass aggregates when compared to tillage aggregates and also stabilized natural aggregates during fast wetting (100 mm tension). Both soil organic C content and aggregate structure were key factors controlling aggregate stability and wettability.
A morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of mammary tissues from the short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata) and the mouse

In the present study, mammary tissues from the fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata) and mouse (Mus musculus) were compared using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Because the female bat exhibits greater reproductive similarities to humans, it might provide a useful animal model for studying mammary physiology and disease with relevance to our own species. In lactating and recently lactating specimens, bat tissue had significantly fewer adipocytes and more collagenous connective tissue compared to the mouse. The proteins Stat5a, keratin 5, Npt2b, and E-cadherin were all similarly localized in mouse and bat mammary tissues taken from lactating animals. The present study demonstrates that whereas the epithelial compartment and the presence of differentiation markers are conserved between the mouse and bat, differences exist in the stromal compartment.
A NEW ETHICS OF THE BUDGETARY PROCESS

This article analyzes the ethical codes within public budgeting literature to demonstrate the need for a professional ethic that fosters an expanded sense of role responsibility. Drawing on examples of discretion exhibited by state and local budgeting administrators, the article argues that a number of administrative activities fall into a gap of the academic literature. The article asserts that responsible budgeting decisions must be tied to an understanding of how administrative activities affect the collective welfare. Finally, the author argues that a pedagogy of public budgeting that considers the ways in which institutional forces and the long-term public interest inform administrative action more adequately prepares budgeting administrators to understand their roles and responsibilities.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH KNOWN OR SUSPECTED ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE FOR NON-CARDIAC SURGERY

The perioperative care of the patient with known or suspected ischaemic heart disease requires careful co-ordination among the anaesthetist, surgeon and medical consultant. Careful preoperative evaluation can aid the identification of risk, the selection of preoperative interventions that may reduce risk, and decisions on intraoperative and postoperative monitoring. Although uncontrolled observational data suggest that such careful management allows for improved outcome, more carefully controlled studies are required to determine the precise benefits and cost-effectiveness of many of the expensive and often invasive interventions that are currently available.
Intervention and Evaluation: A Proactive Team Approach to OD:

A team of 8 change agents initiated an intensive, organization development program in a nonacademic, service department of a midwestern university. A contract whereby consultation services were exchanged for research opportunities was negotiated equally with management and nonmanagement employees. Interventions included interviews and questionnaires, data feedback, problem solving meetings, and team building exercises. Consultations were provided to nonmanagement and management groups, separately and together.Changes assessed by questionnaires in a pretest-posttest design over a 1-year interval suggested the following: Self-perceptions of legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and referent power changed significantly, indicating for the most part an increase in employees' sense of power within the system. Role stresses tended to decrease over time, and yet an important index of role strain rose significantly. These data argue for increased awareness of possible job strains induced by OD interventions per se...
Low neurologic intensive care unit hemoglobin as a predictor for intra-arterial vasospasm therapy and poor discharge modified Rankin Scale in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm

Background Intra-arterial vasospasm therapy (IAVT) with vasodilators, balloon angioplasty, and cerebral blood flow augmentation devices are therapies for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced symptomatic cerebral vasospasm refractory to maximal medical management. Our aim was to identify clinical factors predictive of IAVT and/or poor outcome. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was performed of 130 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage including patients without and with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm requiring IAVT. The data were analysed by Student t test, univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results The mean±SD patient age was 54±12.2 years, admission hemoglobin was 13.6±1.5 g/dL, and neurologic intensive care unit (NICU) hemoglobin 11±1.4 g/dL. The median Hunt and Hess grade was 2 (range 1,4), Fisher grade 3 (range 3,3), and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0.5 (range 0,2). Lower mean NICU hemoglobin was found in patients receiving IAVT than in those not receiving IAVT (M=10.4±0.9 g/dL vs M=11.2±1.4 g/dL, t(115)=−2.52, p=0.01). Further, lower mean NICU hemoglobin was associated with increased IAVT (ρ=−0.3, p Conclusions Lower mean hemoglobin during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm is an independent predictor of IAVT and poor discharge mRS. This relationship warrants further evaluation.
Zoltan data management services for parallel dynamic applications

The Zoltan library is a collection of data management services for parallel, unstructured, adaptive, and dynamic applications that is available as open-source software. It simplifies the load-balancing, data movement, unstructured-communication, and memory usage difficulties that arise in dynamic applications such as adaptive finite-element methods, particle methods, and crash simulations. Zoltan's data-structure-neutral design also lets a wide range of applications use it without imposing restrictions on application data structures. Its object-based interface provides a simple and inexpensive way for application developers to use the library and researchers to make new capabilities available under a common interface.
Model Checking: Software and Beyond

This paper introduces model checking, originally conceived for checking finite state systems. It surveys its evolution to encompass finitely checkable properties of systems with un- bounded state spaces, and its application to software and other systems.
Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, and Cognitive Function Among Women With or at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease The Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular Study

Background— Cardiovascular factors are associated with cognitive decline. Antioxidants may be beneficial. Methods and Results— The Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study was a trial of vitamin E (402 mg every other day), beta carotene (50 mg every other day), and vitamin C (500 mg daily) for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. From 1995 to 1996, women ≥40 years of age with cardiovascular disease or ≥3 coronary risk factors were randomized. From 1998 to 1999, a cognitive function substudy was initiated among 2824 participants ≥65 years of age. With 5 cognitive tests, cognition was assessed by telephone 4 times over 5.4 years. The primary outcome was a global composite score averaging all scores; repeated-measures analyses were used to examine cognitive change over time. Vitamin E supplementation and beta carotene supplementation were not associated with slower rates of cognitive change (mean difference in change for vitamin E versus placebo, −0.01; 95% confidence interval, −0.05 to 0.04; ...
Models of emerging contexts in risky and complex decision settings

Abstract Key components of the multiple constraint satisfaction framework are explored in a series of experiments set in complex and ambiguous domains. All cases show the prevalence and importance of a purposeful structuring of the information by the participants. The participants gradually generate coherence, even in cases without increasing information. In accordance with multiple constraint satisfaction predictions, the assessments of inferences increasingly spread apart. Also, the correlations between the dependent variable (the decision) and the independent variables, as well as between the independent variables, consistently grow stronger as the participants progress through the decision stages. The information structuring—a gradual simplification of the component structure—is captured as principal components associated with the various decision stages. Neural networks predict the judgments in the various decision stages relatively well. Finally, the role of the ongoing structuring of the underlying information was explored through the application of trained networks to data in other decision stages.
Vertical strabismus resulting from an anomalous extraocular muscle.

Abstract Unusual ocular motility abnormalities have been rarely reported to result from anomalous extraocular structures. 1–9 These structures, which may be either muscular or fibrotic, attach to the globe and produce a mechanical restriction resulting in incomitant strabismus. To our knowledge, we report the first patient with an anomalous extraocular muscle in whom the clinical, radiologic, surgical, and histopathologic findings are described.
Neuroimaging in Children With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: A Community-Based Study

Background. Neuroimaging is generally considered a part of the evaluation of seizures and epilepsy. There is limited information about its current use in the initial evaluation of pediatric epilepsy and about its yield during the initial diagnosis of epilepsy. We describe the patterns in the use and yield of diagnostic imaging in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy in a community-based study. Methods. Children were recruited when first diagnosed with epilepsy by participating physicians in Connecticut (1993–1997). Definitions for etiology and underlying epilepsy syndromes are as published by the International League Against Epilepsy. Results. Of 613 children, 488 (79.6%) had imaging: 388 (63.3%) magnetic resonance imaging, 197 (32.1%) computed tomography scans, and 97 (15.8%) both. Half of children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy had imaging studies compared with 70% to 100% of children with other forms of epilepsy, depending on the specific type. Etiologically relevant abnormalities were found in 62 (12.7% of those imaged). Fourteen of these children had otherwise completely normal presentations and histories. Their abnormalities included tuberous sclerosis (N = 4), tumors (N = 2), an arteriovenous malformation later diagnosed as a tumor, a cavernous angioma, cerebral malformations (N = 3), and other abnormalities (N = 3). Thirteen of the 14 had partial seizures and 12 had focal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. Only 1 had neither. Conclusions. In children with newly diagnosed epilepsy, neuroimaging reveals a small but significant number of serious abnormalities not previously suspected. Most of these children have partial seizures or focal EEG abnormalities. Neuroimaging should be considered during the evaluation of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy, especially for those with neurologic deficits or partial seizures or focal EEG abnormalities that are not part of an idiopathic localization-related epilepsy syndrome.
Thermal diffusivities of group V semimetals

A flash method, employing a pulsed flashlamp-pumped dye laser has been used to determine the thermal diffusivities of elemental arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Measurements were made both on poly-crystalline samples and on oriented single crystal (111) wafers in the form of small disks 3.0−7.0 mm in diameter, and 0.43–1.33 mm thick. Thermocouples (0.076 mm dia) monitor the back surface temperature as a function of time after the front of the sample is exposed to a single laser pulse of pulse width (τ) <1.0 μsec. The room temperature thermal diffusivities α (cm2/sec) of polycrystalline As, Sb and Bi are respectively: 0.234, 0.182 and 0.0651. The diffusivities parallel to the trigonal crystal axis α1 are: 0.119,0.142 and 0.0350. Measurements on polycrystalline Cu, Al and Ti yield 1.13, 0.96 and 0.085 cm2/sec, in agreement with literature values.
Visualization of transmitter release with zinc fluorescence detection at the mouse hippocampal mossy fibre synapse

Exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents defines the quantal nature of neurotransmitter release. Here we developed a technique to directly assess exocytosis by measuring vesicular zinc release with the zinc-sensitive dye FluoZin-3 at the hippocampal mossy fibre (MF) synapse. Using a photodiode, we were able to clearly resolve the zinc fluorescence transient ([Zn2+]t) with a train of five action potentials in mouse hippocampal brain slices. The vesicular origin of [Zn2+]t was verified by the lack of zinc signal in vesicular zinc transporter Znt3-deficient mice. Manipulating release probability with the application of neuromodulators such as DCG IV, 4-aminopyridine and forskolin as well as a paired train stimulation protocol altered both the [Zn2+]t and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) coordinately, strongly indicating that zinc is co-released with glutamate during exocytosis. Since zinc ions colocalize with glutamate in small clear vesicles and modulate postsynaptic excitability at NMDA and GABA receptors, the findings establish zinc as a cotransmitter during physiological signalling at the mossy fibre synapse. The ability to directly visualize release dynamics with zinc imaging will facilitate the exploration of the molecular pharmacology and plasticity of exocytosis at MF synapses.
Attenuated incubation of cocaine seeking in male rats trained to self-administer cocaine during periadolescence

Rationale and objectives Although onset of drug use during adolescence appears to increase long-term vulnerability to drug dependence in humans, relatively little is known about extinction and reinstatement of drug seeking after periadolescent onset of drug self-administration in laboratory animals. Furthermore, although cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking increases progressively during abstinence from cocaine self-administration in adult subjects, this “incubation of cocaine craving” remains unexplored after adolescent drug intake in animal models.