cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Intensive Care Technique for Partial Discharge in High Voltage Cable

On-line partial discharge detection is an important method for operation status evaluation of high voltage cable. Affected by propagation characteristics of partial discharge and external interference signals, it may be difficult for field testing personnel to determine suspected partial discharge. Taking advantage of the irreversibility of solid insulation defects, this paper proposes to utilize intensive care technique to track suspected partial discharge signals detected by live detection, and observe long-term accumulation of discharge spectrum. Combined with an effective case of partial discharge monitoring for high voltage cable, the application effect of intensive care system is introduced. The intensive care technique is an important supplementary means to diagnose partial discharge in high voltage cable, which can ensure safe and stable operation of high voltage cable.
Role of refractive index in metalens performance

Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as metasurfaces, have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to create ultra-thin flat lenses with a high numerical aperture. Several materials with different refractive indices have been used to create metasurface lenses (metalenses). In this paper, we analyze the role of refractive index on the performance of these metalenses. We employ both forward and inverse design methodologies to perform our analysis. We found that, while high-refractive-index materials allow for extreme reduction of the focal length, for moderate focal lengths and numerical aperture (<0.6), there is no appreciable difference in the focal spot size and focusing efficiency for metalenses made of different materials with refractive indices ranging between 1.2 and 3.43 in forward design, and 1.25 and 3.5 in inverse design.
Abnormal Lung Clearance Index in Cystic Fibrosis Children with Normal FEV1 and Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout Test.

Single- and multiple-breath washout tests (SBW and MBW) measure ventilation inhomogeneity, but the relationship between them is unclear. Forty-three subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy controls (HC) 8–21 years of age were recruited (CF = 30 and HC = 13) and performed nitrogen MBW, vital capacity SBW, spirometry, and plethysmography. Mean phase III slope from SBW (SIII) and lung clearance index (LCI) were significantly different between CF and HC (p = 0.017 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Based on Pearson correlation, SIII and LCI showed strong correlation (ρ = 0.81, p < 0.0001). Both SIII and LCI significantly correlated with spirometry (all p < 0.05). Among CF subjects with normal FEV1 (≥ 80%; n = 17), 76% (n = 13) had normal SIII but abnormal LCI. We conclude that LCI can be abnormal despite normal SIII and FEV1 in CF children. Although LCI and SIII showed strong correlation, our results suggest that LCI is a better test to detect ventilation inhomogeneity in CF children with normal FEV1.
Crowdfunding and Crowdlending in the US: Regulations, Exemptions, and Outcomes

This is a chapter in a forthcoming comparative volume of essays on the legal aspects of crowdfunding, which in the US emerged into an environment of longstanding and heavy regulation of public investment solicitation (securities regulation). Existing rules inhibited fintech’s broad outreach to both equity and debt investors. The most recent revisions to facilitate crowdfunding still inhibit the expansion of crowdlending with fairly onerous fundraising limits and registration and reporting requirements. This has not depressed the robust expansion of the fintech lending sector, but it has largely prevented the expansion of true crowdlending beyond a couple of prominent platforms. As a result, most fintech lending in the US today is funded by a limited number of non-bank institutional investors, or increasingly by banks themselves, rather than through broad appeals from the cloud to the crowd.
Damage to the Superior Retinae After 30 Gy Whole-Brain Radiation.

Abstract Purpose The most common treatment protocol for whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is 30 Gy in 10 fractions. This regimen entails a low risk of radiation retinopathy, with fewer than a dozen reported cases. We describe a case of radiation retinopathy that was confined to the superior retinae. These regions were the only portions of the eyes that were included in the treatment field. Methods and Materials Observational case report consisting of clinical examination, review of radiation treatment planning and implementation, computerized visual field testing, and fundus photography. Results A 36-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma developed radiation retinopathy 16 months after WBRT to 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The retinopathy was largely confined to the superior halves of the retinae. There was corresponding geographic inferior visual field loss in both eyes. Review of the patient's treatment protocol revealed that the superior retinae received a substantial radiation dose, approaching 30 Gy, whereas the inferior retinae were essentially outside the treatment field. Conclusions In this patient, the correlation between the treatment field and the resulting local development of radiation retinopathy demonstrated unequivocally that the relatively low dose used in routine WBRT (ie, 30 Gy in 10 fractions) can induce radiation retinopathy.
Disability Self-Worth and Positive Personal Meaning in Disability: Correlates of Hope Among U.S. Residents With Physical Disabilities:

Research is beginning to indicate that positive disability identity is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes among people with disabilities. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to se...
Retinal Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Impairment Is Ablated in Diabetic Mice Receiving XMD8-92 Treatment.

The global number of diabetics continues to rise annually. As diabetes progresses, almost all of Type I and more than half of Type II diabetics develop diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease of the retina, and is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. With such a significant health impact, new drugs are required to halt the blinding threat posed by this visual disorder. The cause of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial, and an optimal therapeutic would halt inflammation, cease photoreceptor cell dysfunction, and ablate vascular impairment. XMD8-92 is a small molecule inhibitor that blocks inflammatory activity downstream of ERK5 (extracellular signal-related kinase 5) and BRD4 (bromodomain 4). ERK5 elicits inflammation, is increased in Type II diabetics, and plays a pathologic role in diabetic nephropathy, while BRD4 induces retinal inflammation and plays a role in retinal degeneration. Further, we provide evidence that suggests both pERK5 and BRD4 expression are increased in the retinas of our STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, we hypothesized that XMD8-92 would be a good therapeutic candidate for diabetic retinopathy, and tested XMD8-92 in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy. In the current study, we developed an in vivo treatment regimen by administering one 100 μL subcutaneous injection of saline containing 20 μM of XMD8-92 weekly, to STZ-induced diabetic mice. XMD8-92 treatments significantly decreased diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, VEGF production, and oxidative stress. Further, XMD8-92 halted the degradation of ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1), which is a tight junction protein associated with vascular permeability in the retina. Finally, XMD8-92 treatment ablated diabetes-mediated vascular leakage and capillary degeneration, which are the clinical hallmarks of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, this study provides strong evidence that XMD8-92 could be a potentially novel therapeutic for diabetic retinopathy.
La formation du Mahavastu et la mise en place des conceptions relatives à la carrière du bodhisattva, by Vincent Tournier.

La formation du Mahavastu et la mise en place des conceptions relatives a la carriere du bodhisattva, by Vincent Tournier. Paris: Ecole francaise d’Extreme-Orient, 2017. xxiv + 631 pp. €45 (pb). ISBN 978-2-85539-133-5.
Effect of Adrenalectomy and Hypophysectomy on the Circadian Rhythm of β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Activity in Rat Liver

Abstract The existence of a circadian rhythm of activity of the hepatic microsomal enzyme, β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.34), is well established. This rhythm was abolished after adrenalectomy; the resulting reductase activity was low and essentially constant at a level approximating that of intact rats killed at the nadir of their rhythm (i.e. noon). Adrenalectomized and intact rats consumed similar amounts of food daily and exhibited approximately the same cyclical pattern of eating. Hypophysectomy resulted in even lower reductase levels than adrenalectomy, and no circadian rhythm of reductase activity was found. Hypophysectomized rats consumed less food, and their cyclical pattern of eating was less evident than that of adrenalectomized or intact rats. The microsomes from normal and adrenalectomized rats gave no evidence of any significant changes in the kinetic properties (Km, pH optimum, and half-life of degradation) of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Replacement of adrenal hormones in adrenalectomized rats with single large doses of cortisone, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine plus cortisone resulted in little or no increase in reductase activity. However, intact rats, treated with epinephrine (0.05 mg/100 g body weight) did show an increase of 2- to 4-fold in reductase activity. This response appeared to require protein synthesis since it was blocked by cycloheximide. The available evidence suggests that intact functioning adrenal glands are necessary for the normal circadian rhythm of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase to occur, but does not indicate which hormone or hormones are involved, nor does it indicate whether such hormone (or hormones) play a direct or a permissive role.
Sudden Infant Death: Chemical Analysis of Vitreous Humor

The syndrome of sudden and unexpected infant death ("crib death") has long been the subject of investigation. Most reports indicate that a cause of death can be demonstrated at autopsy in one-half to two-thirds of the cases. New diagnostic approaches have been attempted for the remainder; but microbiologic, hematologic, toxicologic, and other studies have been helpful in only a few instances.
Surgical correction of vaginal agenesis.

Abstract There is general agreement that the use of a free split-thickness skin graft as popularized by McIndoe and by Counseller is the most acceptable procedure. We have adopted certain modifications which appear to improve the results by reducing postoperative infection, increasing the percentage of graft take to essentially 100 per cent, increasing patient comfort, and improving the cosmetic result of the donor site. These modifications involve (1) the use of both buttocks as donor sites, (2) preparation of the graft over a proctoscope, using xeroform-impregnated gauze packing for the first 7 days, and (3) use of a flexible Ethafoam mold for the postoperative care. Proper selection of the time for operation and the appropriate psychological preparation of the patient are the primary keys to success. Twenty-one cases treated during the last 8 years are presented and discussed.
Interchangeability of related proteins and autonomy of function: The morphogenetic proteins of filamentous phage f1 and IKe cannot replace one another

The filamentous phage f1 and IKe infect a common host, are structurally highly similar and exhibit 55% identity at the DNA sequence level. Based on the idea that proteins that function autonomously will be more tolerant of multiple amino acid differences than proteins that must interact with other proteins to function, the ability of four individual proteins from f1 to substitute for their IKe equivalents to promote virus assembly in vivo has been examined. The reciprocal replacements were also examined. Only the single-strand DNA binding proteins (pV) were fully interchangeable. A minor capsid protein, pIX, was unable to substitute in assembly of the heterologous phage. Two proteins required for particle assembly that are not part of the phage particle, pI and pIV, were not interchangeable, although pIVf1 stimulated formation of a very small number of IKe particles in the absence of pIVIKe. The lack of interchangeability suggests that these morphogenetic proteins do not function autonomously, but rather interact with one or more phage proteins. The ability of certain overproduced proteins to interfere with assembly of wild-type f1 or IKe forms the basis for a model that suggests that phage assembly requires an interaction between pI and pIV.
Flexible Scientific Workflow Modeling Using Frames, Templates, and Dynamic Embedding

While most scientific workflows systems are based on dataflow, some amount of control-flow modeling is often necessary for engineering fault-tolerant, robust, and adaptive workflows. However, control-flow modeling within dataflow often results in workflow specifications that are hard to comprehend, reuse, and maintain. We describe new modeling constructs to address these issues that provide a structured approach for modeling control-flow within scientific workflows, and discuss their implementation within the Kepler scientific workflow system.
Measuring Thickness and Conductivity of Metallic Layers with Eddy Currents

Coated metals are used increasingly for a variety of technological purposes; the coatings provide wear resistance, good electrical contact, corrosion protection, and thermal isolation. Consequently the ability to determine the thickness, conductivity, and structural integrity of such coatings is important for both process control and in-service inspection of parts. Presently ultrasonic, thermal, and eddy current inspection methods are used, depending on the circumstances. Current inspection practices using these methods are often limited in their ability to provide quantitative estimates of the important parameters. In this paper we present a robust method that uses eddy current measurements to determine the thickness and conductivity of uniform conductive layers.
Propagation of sudden impulses in the magnetosphere: Linear and nonlinear waves

Abstract Dynamics of MHD wave propagation is studied in the magnetosphere when strong initial impulses are assumed at the magnetopause. In a linear wave approximation, we will present simulations results, which show the strong effects of refraction in the magnetosphere. In a nonlinear approximation, we adopt the approach of simple waves which is often used in ordinary fluids. We obtain an exact MHD solution for the velocity profile in space and time when arbitrary initial perturbations are assumed in a simplified model.
The Life Course and Human Development.

The life course paradigm has replaced child-based, growth-oriented (“ontogenetic”) accounts of the person with models that emphasize the timing, social context, and organization of lives from birth to death. The chapter begins with a story of this intellectual change from the thematic precursors of life course studies to the present. The next section identifies heuristic concepts that capture the dynamic properties of settings and contextualize the individual, including social pathways, the cumulation of experiences, trajectories and transitions, and turning points. The life course paradigm also offers core principles that link social change and developmental trajectories, including those of life-span development, human agency, timing, linked lives, and historical time and place. In combination, these principles represent key contributions to the study of human development. They establish development as a life-long phenomenon that includes aging into late adulthood; to highlight the agentic nature of people as they create and shape their settings within limits; view development as the confluence of age, the generations, and history; and situate each person's trajectory in terms of family, neighborhood, community, and society. Life course insights have been especially revealing in research on health, and offer great promise in the study of biology, experience, and adjustment. Keywords: social pathways; birth cohorts; contexts of human development; developmental and social trajectories; historical change; transitions
Priming of D1-dopamine receptor responses: long-lasting behavioral supersensitivity to a D1-dopamine agonist following repeated administration to neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.

The present study demonstrates that repeated administration of SKF- 38393, a D1-dopamine agonist, is necessary for maximal behavioral supersensitivity of D1-dopamine receptor responses in neonatal 6-OHDA- lesioned rats, confirming earlier work. This repeated administration of SKF-38393, which is referred to as priming of D1-dopamine receptor responses, resulted in a progressive increase in locomotor activity, as well as several other behaviors. This priming phenomenon lasted at least 6 months. Repeated administration of the D2-dopamine agonist LY- 171555 also increased behavioral responses to the D1-dopamine agonist. However, previous administration of a D2-dopamine agonist was not necessary for priming of D1-dopamine receptor responses, because D1- dopamine receptor priming could be produced in the presence of a D2- dopamine receptor antagonist. Blockade of D1-dopamine receptors with SCH-23390 prior to injection of SKF-38393 prevented the increasing responsiveness following repeated administration of this D1-dopamine agonist. Selective neonatal destruction of dopamine-containing neurons produced the same result as did destruction of catecholamine-containing neurons, indicating that the noradrenergic system is not involved in this phenomenon. Priming of D1-dopamine receptor responses by repeated administration of SKF-38393 was not observed in unlesioned controls or in rats that received catecholamine-depleting lesions as adults. Repeated administration of scopolamine also was able to prime behavioral responses to SKF-38393 in neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, indicating that endogenous release of dopamine can prime D1-dopamine receptor responses in neonatally lesioned rats. In addition, responses to indirect-acting agonists were enhanced in rats that had been primed with a D1-dopamine agonist when compared wit responses in unprimed animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dielectric Relaxation and Chemical Exchange

The coupling between molecular rotation and chemical exchange has been treated in several recent articles. It has been demonstrated that relaxation experiments can distinguish systems exchanging more slowly than the rate of molecular rotation from systems experiencing faster exchange. In analysing such experiments, however, one must draw careful distinctions between active and inactive relaxation mechanisms. The present article deals with these distinctions. The variation of dielectric relaxation with composition is analysed in several limiting situations. It is shown that “slow” and “fast” exchange are distinguishable in general, but that the treatment of experimental data will vary in different cases. In einigen kurzlich erschienenen Veroffentlichungen wurde die Kopplung zwischen Molekulrotation und chemischem Austausch behandelt. Es wurde gezeigt, das man mit Hilfe von Relaxationsexperimenten Systeme, die im Vergleich zur Geschwindigkeit der Molekulrotation langsam austauschen, von anderen Systemen mit schnellerem Austausch unterscheiden kann. Bei der Analyse solcher Experimente mus man jedoch sorgfaltig zwischen aktiven und inaktiven Relaxationsmechanismen unterscheiden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden diese Unterschiede behandelt. Fur einige Grenzfalle wird die Anderung der dielektrischen Relaxation mit der Zusammensetzung analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, das man im allgemeinen zwischen “langsamem” und “schnellem” Austausch unterscheiden kann; die Auswertung der Mesergebnisse mus jedoch von Fall zu Fall auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen.
Public Opinion and the Classical Tradition

The speculative approach to public opinion characteristic of the last century and the current empirical approach may be seen as supplementary rather than antithetical. Modern research techniques can confirm and develop notions advanced by classical writers, while authors such as Dicey andBryce can help direct present-day researchers to significant problems and suggest new ways of analyzing empirical data. Merging of the two approaches will hasten the development of a more adequate theory of public opinion.
Voter turnout dynamics in post-Communist Europe

Abstract. Declining levels of turnout recently observed in some East European elections have generated concerns about the performance of the newly emerging democracies. Theories developed to explain turnout in industrialized democracies emphasize the importance of two major groups of factors: institutional and socioeconomic. This article argues that a comprehensive model of voter participation in post-Communist settings should also include a dynamic component to account for temporal changes generated by the transitional process. I test a model of voter turnout that incorporates explanations of temporal (sequence of elections) and spatial differences (electoral system type, party system characteristics and economic development). Multivariate regression is used to estimate the model, with data from fifteen East European countries over four consecutive elections.
Globoid cell leukodystrophy: additional deficiency of psychosine galactosidase.

Abstract Activities of psychosine galactosidase (galactosylsphingosine galactosyl hydrolase) were extremely deficient in the brain, liver and kidney of patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy. The enzyme was similarly deficient in tissues of a fetus affected with this disease. This is the second enzymatic block demonstrated in this disease, since genetic deficiency of galactocerebroside β-galactosidase has previously been established. This finding may provide a clue to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Structure of a dense vortex-line liquid in a model high-Tc superconductor

We study the properties of a vortex-line liquid, within a uniformly frustrated three-dimensional XY model, as a model for a type-II high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductor. The vortex structure function S(${\mathbf{q}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$,${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{z}}$) is computed with Monte Carlo simulations, and our results compared with hydrodynamic and two-dimensional boson approximations. Properties of the elastic moduli are discussed.
Constraints for Zinc Finger Linker Design as Inferred from X-ray Crystal Structure of Tandem Zif268–DNA Complexes

Zinc-finger proteins offer a versatile and effective framework for the recognition of DNA binding sites. By connecting multiple fingers together with canonical TGEKP linkers, a protein may be designed to recognize almost any desired target DNA sequence. However, proteins containing more than three zinc-fingers do not bind as tightly as one might predict, and it appears that some type of strain is introduced when a six-finger protein is constructed with canonical linkers. In an attempt to understand the sources of this strain, we have solved the 2.2A resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of a complex that has two copies of the three-finger Zif268 protein bound to adjacent sites on one duplex DNA. Conceptually, this is equivalent to a six-finger protein in which the central linker has been removed and the complex has been allowed to "relax" to its most stable conformation. As in other Zif268-DNA complexes, the DNA is approximately linear and is slightly underwound. Surprisingly, the structure of the complex is similar (within 0.5A) to an arrangement that would allow a canonical linker at the center of the complex, and it seems possible that entropic effects (involving the librational degrees of freedom in the complex) could be important in determining optimal linker length.
P300 and probability in children

The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited in three groups of 12 children each, ages 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years. A simple auditory task was employed in which subjects indicated with a finger movement when a randomly occurring target tone (high pitch) was presented in a series of standard (low pitch) tones. The probability of the target tone was varied across conditions at 0.10, 0.30, or 0.50 to determine if P300 amplitude would respond similarly across age groups. Immediate memory capacity was measured with forward and reverse digit spans. P300 amplitude increased with decreases in target stimulus probability for each age group and also tended to become larger with age. P300 latency decreased in the same fashion across probability levels as age increased. Digit span demonstrated the usual increase with age. The results suggest that cognitive development is indexed by decreases in P300 latency, and that P300 amplitude changes from the probability of the target stimulus are similar across age groups. The implications for the theoretical interpretation of the P300 and application of ERPs for evaluating cognitive development are discussed.
Presence of multiple centrioles in a rhesus macaque oocyte matured in vitro

This report demonstrates for the first time the presence of centrioles in a rhesus macaque oocyte which had attained meiotic maturation in culture. The exceptional presence of centrioles in this oocyte was associated with anomalous patterns of chromosomal and spindle organization.
The Southern Thoracic Surgical Association 50th anniversary celebration: the impact of STSA pediatric cardiothoracic surgery manuscripts on surgical practice.

Abstract Background Members of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (STSA) have presented important pediatric cardiothoracic surgery papers at the annual meetings over the last 50 years. In order to determine the influence of these presentations on the practice of surgery, a review was undertaken. Early papers were characterized by emerging advances in open-heart surgery, anatomic congenital heart studies, and electrophysiologic discoveries that extended life with pacemakers. Later years were characterized by innovative myocardial preservation methods, improved cardiopulmonary bypass techniques, expanded homograft availability, emphasis on accurate repairs, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary transplantation. Methods All but one of the scientific programs of the annual meetings (that of 1964) were located. The programs were reviewed and 180 presentations were identified on topics in congenital heart disease, pediatric thoracic disease, and pediatric thoracic wall abnormalities. Of those 180 oral presentations, 155 manuscripts (86%) were eventually published or in press and available for critical review and analysis. Manuscripts were grouped by diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. We determined a "cumulative citation frequency" (CCF), which measures the number of times an article is cited in the bibliography of related papers in the universe of participating journals. The selected manuscripts were compared with the historic landmark contributions and the existing trends at the time, and the number of articles both by individual authors and from institutions were tallied. Results Grouping by authors and institutions showed that 100 of 155 pediatric cardiothoracic manuscripts (65%) originated from 13 institutions. The CCF for the 20 leading articles ranged from 26 to 93. Conclusions This historical STSA 50-year record of pediatric cardiothoracic advances was accomplished in a milieu of collegial respect and camaraderie. Our annual meetings over the years have provided a venue for thoracic surgeons to share their ideas, innovations, and scientific inquiry. These contributions have significantly affected the practice of pediatric cardiothoracic surgery. The STSA has worked for 50 years and we trust that it will work for another 50 years and beyond.
Object identification in preschool children and adults

We introduce computer-based methodologies for investigating object identification in 3- to 5-year-old children. In two experiments, preschool children and adults indicated when they could identify degraded pictures of common objects as those pictures either gradually improved or degraded in clarity. Clarity transformations were implemented in four ways: blurring, decreasing the picture’s physical size, decreasing the pixel signal-to-noise ratio, and cropping. In Experiment 1, all age groups correctly identified objects at a more degraded state when those objects began moderately, as opposed to very, degraded and then clarified. This finding supports the notion that previous perceptual hypotheses interfere with object identification (i.e. the perceptual interference effect). In Experiment 2, children, but not adults, overestimated their ability to recognize objects in a degraded state when the object’s identity was given to them beforehand. This suggests that for young children knowledge of the object’s true identity cannot be ignored when evaluating their current perceptions. This is the first demonstration of the perceptual interference effect in children. We discuss both methodological and theoretical implications of the findings for research on object perception and theory of mind.
Outcomes of kidneys from donors after cardiac death: implications for allocation and preservation.

Although donation after cardiac death (DCD) kidneys have a high incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and have been considered marginal, no tool for stratifying risk of graft loss nor a specific policy governing their allocation exist. We compared outcomes of 2562 DCD, 62 800 standard criteria donor (SCD) and 12 812 expanded criteria donor (ECD) transplants reported between 1993 and 2005, and evaluated factors associated with risk of graft loss and DGF in DCD kidneys. Donor age was the only criterion used in the definition of ECD kidneys that independently predicted graft loss among DCD kidneys. Kidneys from DCD donors <50 had similar long-term graft survival to those from SCD (RR 1.1, p = NS). While DGF was higher among DCD compared to SCD and ECD, limiting cold ischemia (CIT) to <12 h decreased the rate of DGF 15% among DCD <50 kidneys. These findings suggest that DCD <50 kidneys function like SCD kidneys and should not be viewed as marginal or ECD, and further, limiting CIT <12 h markedly reduces DGF.
Performing Global Geographies: Time, Space, Place and Pace in Narratives of Round-the-World Travel

Abstract This paper explores the spatio-temporal dimensions of round-the-world travel by focusing on the way travellers weave together space and time in their round-the-world itineraries. Through an analysis of the narratives that round-the-world travellers publish online and recount in interviews, the paper argues that round-the-world itineraries map place, time and tempo into a global geography. The paper suggests that pace is of particular importance in this performance of a global geography. Travelling around the world at pace enables travellers to encounter the world through a mobile panoptic gaze that both produces and consumes difference. The constant movement of round-the-world travel produces difference by juxtaposing an array of places and rhythms within a single trip, while allowing the traveller to collect and consume those differences.
Recent advances in targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose of review To provide an overview and summary of the recent developments in the use of targeted therapy in the management of advanced kidney cancer. The focus is on publications within the last year. Recent findings The last year has seen several exciting developments in the targeted approach to managing advanced renal cell carcinoma. The benefits of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated in two large-scale, phase III prospective, randomized controlled trials. There is growing evidence, some not yet published, that mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are effective in this disease and the roles of therapies directed at the receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor continue to be refined. Summary Recent published trials offer substantial hope for those patients with advanced kidney cancer, where before the outlook was often bleak. There is an expanding menu of potential agents in this disease, so-called targeted therapies, that are grounded in a growing understanding of the biology of kidney cancer. Many challenges and questions still remain, but there are encouraging signs of progress and hope for the future.
Surface tension effects in tunneling microscopy

The tip and the conducting substrate in tunneling microscopy form a capacitor. Similarly, in electrochemistry of polarized electrode the metal and the electrolyte form a double layer capacitor. It is shown that the energetics of these two capacitors, namely the surface tension of the substrate and of the polarized electrode, respectively, are governed by the same relationship, the Gibbs-Lippmann equation. The implications of this finding for STM imaging are discussed.
Development of Preclinical Models for Immunogene Therapy of Brain Cancer: It's Not Monkey Business!

The choice of an appropriate animal model for toxicology studies is one of the most important decisions in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–directed investigational new drug process for gene therapies. A model should, as closely as possible, recapitulate the complexity of the human body, so that preclinical toxicity and safety can be established before any human clinical trials. In a study appearing in Molecular Therapy—Methods & Clinical Development, VanDerVeen et al. used marmoset monkeys to assess the safety of injection into the brain of an adenoviral vector expressing both herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) and an immune-stimulatory gene, the cytokine fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand 3 (Flt3L), under the control of a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible promoter.1 This is the first study to examine off-label use of DOX for immunogene therapy of malignant brain cancer, and it establishes a favorable safety profile that supports translation to a phase I clinical trial.
Borderline Personality Traits are Associated with Poor Clinical and Psychosocial Functioning in Delinquent Boys

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is positively associated with antisocial behavior in adolescent boys and might increase clinical and social problems. Delinquent boys (most with multiple felony adjudications; n = 239) in a residential facility who were high in number of BPD traits (assessed via the Borderline Tendency scale of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory) were compared to 1,197 control offenders in the same facility while controlling for antisocial PD traits. As expected, offenders high in BPD traits had more suicidal behavior and psychopathology features and worse peer and family relations than control offenders and were higher in rates of childhood sexual and physical abuse than controls. Groups did not differ in criminal history. Results suggest that BPD traits are associated with significant problems in functioning and these traits should be identified to help curb associated problems.
Cardiovascular Safety of Stimulants in Children: Findings from Recent Population-Based Cohort Studies

The past decade has seen a heated debate over the cardiac safety of central nervous system stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. This review discusses five controlled population-based studies that investigated this risk in children in the United States. All studies utilized administrative claims data of private or public insurance to compare risk of stimulant use to non-use. Two studies with smaller sample size lacked the ability to investigate serious events but report a slightly increased risk of emergency department visits attributed to cardiac symptoms such as tachycardia or palpitation. Three studies that enrolled more than one million patients found no association between stimulants and composite endpoints of sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke and ventricular arrhythmia. The studies concur that background rates of serious cardiovascular events in children are extremely small. No study exceeded an average follow-up of two years, prohibiting inferences about long-term effects of stimulants.
Progress in holographic video with the acousto-optical modulator display

Electronic holographic imaging, as developed at the MIT Media Laboratory's Spatial Imaging Group, is a truly 3D real-time digital imaging medium. Recent progress in holographic video has demonstrated that the crucial technologies--computation, electronic signal manipulation, and optical modulation and scanning--may be scaled up to produce larger, more interactive, full-color holographic images. The overcoming of communication bottlenecks relies on the use of newly-developed 'diffraction-specific' computational algorithms to produce encoded holograms that are compressed by factors of about twenty to one. Here we describe progress in the very rapid 'decompression' of the holograms with stream-processor hardware built for the Cheops video processing system. The result is that 36-MB holographic images may be updated over a SCSI link in about six seconds, approaching truly interactive speed.
Cuticular hydrocarbons of the tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. austeni and G. pallidipes

Abstract Methylalkanes were identified in the surface lipids of 3 species of tsetse flies including several that had new sequences of methyl branching. Males had a simpler composition than females. The methylalkanes of G. m. morsitans had all branch points separated by 3 methylenes in both the di- and trimethylakanes. G. austeni had 3 or 5 methylenes and G. pallidipes had 3, 7 or 9 methylenes between the branch points of the dimethylalkanes. In G. pallidipes a 3,5 sequence was identified in trimethylpentacosane and trimethylheptacosane. Sequences of 3,3, 3,5, 5,3 and 7,3 methylenes between adjacent methyl branch points were identified in the trimethylalkanes of female G. austeni . There was some variation in isomeric composition, particularly in dimethyltritriacontane of female G. pallidipes , i.e. females from England, Kenya, Mozambique and Zambia had 11,15-dimethyltritriacontane as the major isomer whereas females from Uganda and Zimbabwe had 13,21-dimethyltritriacontane as the major isomer.
TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES for industrial companies

WHAT is involved in formulating a strategy? What kinds of factors must be considered in such planning? How can a management establish internal decision processes to properly develop and implement a viable strategy?
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE TIME COURSE OF THE CA2+ TRANSIENT IN CONTRACTING RABBIT MYOCYTES. |[dagger]| 225

The relative roles of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in providing Ca2+ for tension generation in immature heart are not well established. Developmental changes in the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ influx may influence the time course of the intracellular [Ca2+] transient. Accordingly, we have characterized age-related changes in the time course of the rise in[Ca2+] during cell contraction. Single ventricular cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal (3D), young (14D and 30D), and adult (60D) New Zealand White rabbits. Myocytes were loaded with the Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent dye, Indo-1 AM (0.1 mM). The time course of [Ca2+] was measured using the ratio of the light emitted at wavelengths of 400 and 500 nm. We found that the time to the peak rise in [Ca2+], (Tp), shortened markedly with development. Tp was 462±48 ms (8) for 3D, 262±52 ms (8) for 14D, 82±18 ms (5) for 30D and 50±5 ms (7) for 60D myocytes [values represent mean±SEM (n)]. Thus, unlike adult heart, Tp in neonates roughly corresponds to the duration of the cardiac action potential. In neonatal cells, Tp shortened to 313±64 ms (6) when extracellular Ca2+ was increased from 1.8 to 5 mM. Similarly, Tp shortened to 306±58 ms (5) when cells were loaded with a lower concentration of Indo-1 AM (0.05 mM). These effects likely reflect the shortening of the action potential seen in immature heart when intracellular Ca2+ is not buffered. Tp in adult cells was not significantly affected by changes in extracellular Ca2+ or by changes in Indo-1 loading: Tp was 61±17 ms (4) in 5 mM Ca2+ and 80±23 ms (3) when loaded in 0.05 mM Indo-1 AM. The prolonged time to the peak of the Ca2+ transient in neonatal heart demonstrates that significant changes in excitation-contraction coupling occur with development. These data suggest that the time course of the Ca2+ transient is closely coupled to the action potential duration in immature heart but not in mature heart. Furthermore, since voltage-gated Ca2+ channels rapidly inactivate, the slow, sustained rise in [Ca2+] in the 3D myocytes suggests that the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger may play an important role in Ca2+ influx in immature heart.
Futures thinking and the steep learning curves of the twenty‐first century

Do futurists really think differently? Does focusing on the future shape distinctive thought patterns and problem solving methodologies? Is there an inevitable futurist signature not unlike that of science fiction authors? If there is such a separate commodity as futurist thinking, are its benefits sufficiently generic and attractive enough to overcome the typical resistance to looking and thinking ahead?
Weak electrolytes, polybasic acids, and buffers in anion exchange columns I. Sodium acetate and sodium carbonate systems

Abstract The pH behavior of buffer solutions in ion exchange columns has been studied. Specifically, the theory of column performance has been extended to include dissociation-association reactions of weak and polybasic acids. Application to buffer solutions in columns of strong-base and strong-acid ion exchangers results in prediction of substantial and prolonged pH excursions even in columns preequilibrated with the same buffer and same pH, but at different concentration. The effect has been verified by experiments with acetate and carbonate buffers in columns of Amberlite IRA-400 (strong-base anion exchanger).
Effect of latanoprost as adjunctive therapy.

Abstract Background: Latanoprost may be a useful adjunct in some patients receiving maximum tolerated medical therapy. We report our clinical experience with latanoprost when added to one or two other glaucoma medications. Methods: Review of the charts of 53 patients with open-angle glaucoma whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled with one or two glaucoma medications and who had latanoprost added as a second or third drug. Patients whose IOP decreased by 3 mm Hg or more were considered to be responders. Results: The shortest length of follow-up was 2.3 months (median 5.8 months). Latanoprost was given as a second medication to 35 patients, of whom 22 (63%) responded, with a mean IOP reduction of 6.1 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD] 2.73 mm Hg) (28.7% [SD 12.10%]). Of the 18 patients to whom latanoprost was given as a third medication, 10 (56%) responded, with a mean IOP reduction of 6.3 mm Hg (SD 3.86 mm Hg) (24.5% [SD 10.12%]). Interpretation: Latanoprost provides additional IOP reduction in some patients with open-angle glaucoma when added to one or two other glaucoma medications.
An ecological conception of teaching

Abstract Traditional theories of teaching and learning are premised on the belief that knowledge and skill are the properties of the individual. The concept of ecological intelligence shifts the focus from individual cognitive processing and technical action to the relationships and activities within environmental systems. Students (and teachers) come to classrooms as members of a variety of systems, each of which possess certain kinds of knowledge and information. The job of the teacher is to introduce learners to new systems of knowledge and processes and to model ways these systems—and the information and structure therein—can be connected to what the learners already know. Not recognizing the systems of which the students are members is to discount the diverse information and connections of students. Too often this happens because the potential contributions are not immediately apparent and require effort to be incorporated into the ongoing activity.
Effects of osteoporosis on AIS 3+ injury risk in motor-vehicle crashes

Older occupants in motor-vehicle crashes are more likely to experience injury than younger occupants. One possible reason for this is that increasing age is associated with increased prevalence of osteoporosis, which decreases bone strength. Crash-injury data were used with Bayes' Theorem to estimate the conditional probability of AIS 3+ skeletal injury given that an occupant is osteoporotic for the injury to the head, spine, thorax, lower extremities, and upper extremities. This requires the conditional probabilities of osteoporosis given AIS 3+ injury for each of the body regions, which were determined from analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network database. It also requires information on probability of osteoporosis in the crash-involved population and the probabilities of AIS 3+ skeletal injury to different body regions in crashes. The latter probabilities were obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database. The former was obtained by modeling the probability of osteoporosis in the US populations using data from the 2006 National Health Examination Nutrition Survey and applying this model to the estimate of the crash-involved population in NASS-CDS. To attempt to account for the effects of age on injury outcome that are independent of osteoporosis, only data from occupants who were 60 years of age or older were used in all analyses. Results indicate that the only body region that experiences a statistically significant change in fracture injury risk with osteoporosis is the spine, for which osteoporosis increases the risk of AIS 3+ fracture by 3.28 times, or from 0.41% to 1.34% (p<0.0001). This finding suggests that the increase in AIS 3+ injury risk with age for non-spine injuries is likely influenced by factors other than osteoporosis.
Pose determination of circular cylinders using elliptical and side projections

The problem of finding the 3-D position and orientation of a circular cylinder using one view and known values of its radius and height is considered. Since a cylinder does not have uniquely matchable points or line features, traditional viewpoint recovery mathematics cannot be used. Instead, elliptical projection of the circular ends and straight-line projection of the cylinder sides can be used to calculate the cylinder position up to five degrees of freedom. It is shown that the viewpoint can be independently computed based on either the elliptical projection of the circular top or the straight-line projection of the cylinder sides. >
A failure tolerant filing system

A random access tree structure filing system has been constructed that is immune to operating system or internal failures through constant maintenance of a correct data structure on disk. Emphasis is placed on the fail-safe nature of the filing system, the speed of access to random lines in a data file and the low level of human intervention required over an extended period of time.
Pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder: Contemporary methods of diagnosis and treatment options

Two patients with vesical pheochromocytoma are presented with a review of the literature. Imaging modalities for localizing extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are reviewed with an overview of the commonly accepted treatment options. Successful treatment of this lesion requires a high index of suspicion based upon the patient's symptom complex, allowing preoperative preparation prior to surgical manipulation.