cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximal stimulation of meiotic recombination by a yeast transcription factor requires the transcription activation domain and a DNA-binding domain.

The DNA sequences located upstream of the yeast HIS4 represent a very strong meiotic recombination hotspot. Although the activity of this hotspot requires the transcription activator Rap1p, the level of HIS4 transcription is not directly related to the level of recombination. We find that the recombination-stimulating activity of Rap1p requires the transcription activation domain of the protein. We show that a hybrid protein with the Gal4p DNA-binding domain and the Rap1p activation domain can stimulate recombination in a strain in which Gal4p-binding sites are inserted upstream of HIS4. In addition, we find recombination hotspot activity associated with the Gal4p DNA-binding sites that is independent of known transcription factors. We suggest that yeast cells have two types of recombination hotspots, α (transcription factor dependent) and β (transcription factor independent).
Phenotyping Circadian Rhythms in Mice

Circadian rhythms take place with a periodicity of 24 hr, temporally following the rotation of the earth around its axis. Examples of circadian rhythms are the sleep/wake cycle, feeding, and hormone secretion. Light powerfully entrains the mammalian clock and assists in keeping animals synchronized to the 24-hour cycle of the earth by activating specific neurons in the "central pacemaker" of the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Absolute periodicity of an animal can deviate slightly from 24 hr as manifest when an animal is placed into constant dark or "free-running" conditions. Simple measurements of an organism's activity in free-running conditions reveal its intrinsic circadian period. Mice are a particularly useful model for studying circadian rhythmicity due to the ease of genetic manipulation, thus identifying molecular contributors to rhythmicity. Furthermore, their small size allows for monitoring locomotion or activity in their homecage environment with relative ease. Several tasks commonly used to analyze circadian periodicity and plasticity in mice are presented here including the process of entrainment, determination of tau (period length) in free-running conditions, determination of circadian periodicity in response to light disruption (e.g., jet lag studies), and evaluation of clock plasticity in non-24-hour conditions (T-cycles). Studying the properties of circadian periods such as their phase, amplitude, and length in response to photic perturbation, can be particularly useful in understanding how humans respond to jet lag, night shifts, rotating shifts, or other transient or chronic disruption of environmental surroundings.
Validity of bioelectrical impedance equations for estimating fat-free weight in lean males.

The present study examined the validity of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) equations for estimating fat-free weight (FFW) in lean males (X +/- SD = 9.1 +/- 2.2% fat) by comparing the estimates with values obtained from underwater weighing. Sixty-eight Caucasian male volunteers served as subjects. Cross-validation analyses included examination of the constant error (CE), standard error of the estimate (SEE), r, and total error (TE). The results indicated that the equations of Oppliger et al. (16), which resulted in small TE (1.70 kg) and CE (-0.02 kg) values, most accurately estimated FFW. Simple linear regression showed that FFW was more highly correlated with body weight (BW) (r = 0.98, P 0.05; SEE = 8.59 kg). Multiple regression showed that when WR/Ht2, Ht2/R, resistance, body mass index, Ht2, and/or Ht was added to the prediction equation, which utilized BW alone, they accounted for less than 1% additional variance and reduced the SEE by < or = 0.16 kg. The results indicated that BW alone estimated FFW as accurately as any of the BIA equations in lean males.
Über fluorhaltige Verbindungen der Elemente der V. Hauptgruppe. I. Das [AsCl4]+[AsF6]−

Durch Einleiten von Chlor in Arsentrifluorid bei 0° C entsteht eine kristalline Substanz mit einem Atom-Verhaltnis von As:Cl:F = 1:2:3. Sie ist in Arsentrifluorid gut loslich und fallt bei Uberschus an AsF3 erst nach langerer Zeit aus, wenn die Sattigungskonzentration der sich langsam bildenden Verbindung in AsF3 als Losungsmittel erreicht ist. In der neuen Verbindung ist das Fluor so fest an Arsen gebunden, das zur quantitativen Bestimmung ein Aufschlus mit metallischem Natrium erforderlich ist. Es wird chemisch bewiesen, das der Substanz die Struktur [AsCl4]+[AsF6]− zukommt. In Arsentrifluorid zeigt [AsCl4]+[AsF6]− elektrolytische Leitfahigkeit.
Who's Afraid of a Thief in the Night?

In several NT passages an audience is urged to be ready for the parousia of Christ, which will come upon them ‘like a thief in the night’. This image plays upon a common stock of cultural lore regarding the nocturnal activities of house burglars. A review of the evidence suggests that poor people and women had the most to fear from burglars. For them, the idea of Jesus coming ‘like a thief in the night’ might have induced feelings of fear rather than anticipation. In the case of women, the image may have functioned as a means of social control.
Subcompact hydrogen maser atomic clocks

Recent progress in compact hydrogen maser atomic frequency standards or clocks is reviewed. After a brief description of the principle of a hydrogen maser, the techniques used to realize high-performance compact hydrogen masers are discussed. Two approaches in compact hydrogen maser design are presented. The first approach uses active or atomic resonance sustained maser oscillation. The design uses cavity Q enhancement to overcome the intrinsic higher losses in a compact cavity. The versatility of the cavity design enables masers of various sizes to be realized. The complete package for the smallest oscillating compact maser measures 17.8*30.5*43.2 cm, weighs 19.5 kg, and has a measured stability of 4.14*10/sup -14/ for an averaging time tau =400 s, with a tau /sup -1/2/ dependence for tau >
Failure of Oxytocin to stimulate the Pigeon Crop Gland

IT is well known that the crop gland of the pigeon proliferates and increases in weight in response to prolactin. This effect of prolactin on the crop gland has been used as a qualitative and quantitative assay for this hormone1. Recently, Chaudhury and Chaudhury2 threw doubt on the specificity of action of prolactin on the pigeon crop gland by claiming that intradermal injections over the crop sac or systemic administration of oxytocin produced increases in crop-weight. This contradicts the earlier work of Riddle and Bates1, who reported that posterior pituitary hormones had no effect on the pigeon crop gland. Chaudhury and Chaudhury2 also suggested that oxytocin may induce a release of prolactin in pigeons, which is similar to the hypothesis of Benson and Folley3 in rats. They did not indicate whether typical crop sac proliferation was seen in the pigeons.
Catalytic oxidation: III. The mechanism of ethylene and propylene oxidation over supported rhodium and ruthenium

Abstract The kinetics of ethylene and propylene oxidation over Rh and Ru supported on low area α-alumina were studied and found similar to those reported earlier for the same metals supported on high area silica. The selectivities for product formation were also analogous. The most selective reaction was oxidation of C 3 H 6 over Rh at 200 °, where substantial amounts of acrolein and acetone were formed. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen in the olefin methyl-group reduced the rates of these reactions significantly, showing that abstraction of H from this position was involved in the rate-determining steps. The acetones formed from labeled propylenes contained deuterium in all possible positions, but exchange into the product acroleins was minor and confined mainly to the 2-position. The acrolein from CD 3 CHCH 2 and CH 3 CHCD 2 contained nearly equal amounts of the d 1 and d 2 species, but the unreacted propylene was unisomerized. The absolute values for the deuterium contents showed that the bulk of the acrolein was formed via a symmetric allyl-type intermediate, but that up to 26% of the reaction proceeded with the direct conversion of the methyl group of the olefin into the aldehyde group. The data also showed that the isotope effect for the removal of the second H (or D) from the olefin is minimal. Possible mechanisms to explain these findings are presented.
The Safety Session: A Prerequisite to Progress in Counseling Families with Physically Aggressive Children and Adolescents

Strategies are needed that assist both current practitioners and counselors-in-training in working safely and effectively with potentially aggressive young people and their families. To emphasize with at-risk client families the seriousness of violence, all or part of an initial or early counseling session with an at-risk family should be devoted exclusively to prescribed risk assessment and crisis planning processes. This safety session is intended to reduce the risk of client violence by opening a forthright dialogue regarding the risk of violent behavior, specifying appropriate behavior, and setting limits and consequences for noncompliance. The specific framework for a safety session and a case study illustrating its application are presented.
Cross-polarization schemes for peptide samples oriented in hydrated phospholipid bilayers.

Abstract Continuous-wave, ramped amplitude, and frequency modulated cross-polarization schemes (abbreviated as CWCP, RACP, and FMCP, respectively) are evaluated for static samples in anisotropic phases, such as peptides oriented in lipid environments. It is shown experimentally that both RACP and FMCP give rise to 20% higher polarized signal intensity in comparison to CWCP. The CP matching bandwidths for CWCP and RACP are about the same. Because of its adiabaticity, FMCP has a much broader CP matching bandwidth than CWCP and RACP. In addition, the 15 N RF amplitude used at the center of the FMCP matching profile is much lower than that of the CWCP and RACP matching profiles. A sample of [ 15 N]Leu 4 labeled gramicidin A oriented in lipid bilayers was used to demonstrate these experiments.
The Lesson of Bypassing

The idea that incompatibilism is intuitive is one of the key motivators for incompatibilism. Not surprisingly, then philosophers who defend incompatibilism often claim that incompatibilism is the natural, commonsense view about free will and moral responsibility (e.g., Pereboom 2001, Kane Journal of Philosophy 96:217–240 1999, Strawson 1986). And a number of recent studies find that people give apparently incompatibilist responses in vignette studies. When participants are presented with a description of a causal deterministic universe, they tend to deny that people are morally responsible in that universe. Although this suggests that people are intuitive incompatibilists, Eddy Nahmias and Dylan Murray, in a recent series of important papers, have developed an important challenge to this interpretation. They argue that people confuse determinism with bypassing, the idea that one’s mental states lack causal efficacy. Murray and Nahmias present new experiments that seem to confirm the bypassing hypothesis. In this paper, we use structural equation modeling to re-examine the issue. We find support instead for an incompatibilist explanation of the bypassing results, i.e., incompatibilist judgments seem to cause bypassing judgments. We hypothesize that this phenomenon occurs because people think of decisions as essentially indeterministic; thus, when confronted with a description of determinism they tend to think that decisions do not even occur. We provide evidence for this in three subsequent studies which show that many participants deny that people make decisions in a deterministic universe; by contrast, most participants tend to allow that people add numbers in a deterministic universe. Together, these studies suggest that bypassing results don’t reflect a confusion, but rather the depth of the incompatibilist intuition.
International social work in a global economy

American social workers are increasingly drawn to the study and practice of international social work. As the economy becomes global, as nations become more interdependent and as democratic capitalism emerges as the new paradigm for development, social work in this country is challenged to reexamine its theoretical orientation and intellectual isolationism.
The Evolution of Transportation Concurrency and Urban Development Pattern in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Florida’s transportation concurrency was introduced with much ambition to coordinate transportation infrastructure with development, but the lack of roadway capacity in urbanized areas and limited ...
What explains consumption in the very short-run? Evidence from checking account data

Abstract This paper investigates consumption behavior within an intertemporal optimization model of the representative household. Our dataset consists of deposits and withdrawals from individual household checking accounts that received paychecks by direct deposit. We construct samples of panel data for households with weekly, biweekly, and semi-monthly pay-periods and form two different measures of consumption for each sample. GMM estimates of structural parameters provide mixed evidence for habit formation or durability and limited support for the permanent income hypothesis. The results instead point to “rule of thumb” consumption under liquidity constraints, where the household consumes its current disposable income each pay-period with possible debt servicing. These findings are uniform with regard to estimation of sub-samples split according to age or household income.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Postinfarction Ventricular Tachycardia Long-term Success and the Significance of Inducible Nonclinical Arrhythmias

Background Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is effective therapy for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients without structural heart disease. In patients with postinfarction VT; however, this procedure has been used predominantly as adjunctive therapy, targeting only the patient’s clinically documented arrhythmia. By targeting all inducible, sustained VT morphologies, we sought to determine the utility of RF catheter ablation as a primary cure in patients who present with hemodynamically tolerated VT. Methods and Results RF ablation was attempted in 35 patients with a previous myocardial infarction and recurrent, hemodynamically tolerated VT. A mean of 3.9±2.7 VTs were induced per patient (range, 1 to 10). The clinically documented arrhythmia was successfully ablated in 30 of 35 patients (86%), and on follow-up electrophysiological testing, 11 patients had no inducible VT and were discharged without other therapy. Nineteen patients had inducible “nonclinical” arrhythmias on follow-up te...
"Longitudinal Impact of EI, SI and CI Competencies on Career and Life Satisfaction and Career Success"

While effectiveness in various jobs has been predicted by demonstrated competencies, especially in management, long term impact of using these competencies has not been examined. Even in the area o...
Health effects associated with global climate changes: a role for environmental mutagens?

This commentary discusses the role the scientists who study environmental mutagens have in evaluating the health effects of climate change. The author feels that the possibility that mutagens secondary to climatic changes could affect human health directly (somatic mutation/cancer) as well as indirectly (mutagenesis of pathogens and their vectors) is intriguing, and that scientists in the area are well equipped to play a pivital role.
Plasticity Enhancement Processes in MoSi2-Base Materials

Low temperature plasticity enhancement processes observed in body-centered cubic metals and B2 ordered alloys can be observed in MoSi2 in appropriate stress-temperature-strain rate regimes. We illustrate effects of surface films (ZrO2) and dispersoids (TiC) in enhancing plasticity of MoSi2 in the ductile-to-brittle transition range of temperatures, 900-1400°C. We also show, through experiments involving high temperature (1300°C) prestrain, that effective operation of dislocation generation processes can extend the low temperature range to which MoSi2 can be plastically deformed. These results illustrate that approaches to enhance toughness of MoSi2 need not be limited to ductile phases characterized by weak interfaces.
Photoelectron holographic studies of As/Si(100) with sub-angstrom resolution

The atomic structure of As-terminated Si(100) has been studied using the technique of derivative photoelectron holography. The resulting holographic images clearly resolve a 0.5-{angstrom} shift from the (1 x 1) geometry for each As atom as a result of dimerization. Detecting this shift requires a sub-angstrom resolution that has been difficult to achieve using photoelectron holography. The improvement in resolution can be attributed to a highly anisotropic electron-scattering factor resulting in an emission beacon that helps define the atomic images.
The effect of surface coverage on conformation changes of bovine serum albumin molecules at the air–solution interface detected by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

The air–BSA solution interface has been investigated by various techniques for years. From these studies we know that BSA molecules segregate at the BSA solution–air interface, and the surface coverage increases with the increase of the bulk solution concentration. However, questions still remain as to whether the protein changes conformation, orientation, or a combination of the two upon adsorption. In this paper, by using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy we found that the conformation of interfacial BSA molecules changes dramatically at the solution–air interface, compared to that of the native BSA in solution. The hydrophobic methyl groups of BSA molecules at this interface tend to align along the surface normal. The degree of such conformational changes of surface BSA molecules depend on the surface coverage, indicating that the protein–protein interaction plays a very important role in determining the conformation of interfacial protein molecules. At very low surface concentration, the adsorbed BSA molecules unfold substantially. Our results can provide a molecular interpretation of results obtained from other studies such as protein layer thickness and surface tension measurements of protein solution.
Multi-channel spike detection and sorting using an array processing technique

Abstract In many brain regions, high levels of background activity can obscure action potentials of neurons close to a recording electrode, particularly in the presence of a stimulus. As recorded on a multi-channel electrode array, this neural noise appears to be highly correlated among the channels. We have developed an array processing technique to remove the correlated component of noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we show that the weighting vector of the array algorithm can be manipulated to facilitate sorting of the action potentials. An example of the technique applied to the guinea pig cochlear nucleus is shown.
Effects of processing parameters on the preparation of nylon 6 nanocomposites

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of the following parameters: (1) organic modifier and nylon 6 molecular weight, (2) processing conditions, and (3) pressure, with and without supercritical fluids, on the dispersion of clays for nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites. A novel experimental setup was designed that physically separated the melting and mixing unit operations, and allowed control of the pressure using a pressure adjustable die. Exfoliated clay morphology was realized using a wide angle X-ray diffraction technique when both requirements of (1) selecting an organic modifier that was thermodynamically compatible with the polymer matrix and (2) applying sufficient degree of shear stress were fulfilled. Keeping the organic modifier constant, either longer residence time or the same level of shear stress did not improve the state of clay dispersion once a critical morphology was established. In the absence of supercritical fluids, pressure improved the clay delamination by reducing the free volume of the polymers and thereby increasing the interaction between the chains, and ultimately increasing the viscosity and, therefore, the level of wall shear stress. Using supercritical fluids such as either carbon dioxide or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane did not improve the clay dispersion for 95/5 N6-L/20A due to its role in increasing the free volume and decreasing the melt viscosity.
An Unusual Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone System in the Bagworm Moth

The female sex pheromone of the bagworm moth is (R)-1-methylbutyl decanoate. The antipode is biologically inactive and it neither enhances nor detracts from the potency of the R enantiomer. Unlike other moths for which female pheromones have been identified, the female secretes the pheromone from glands on her thorax and it is disseminated from hair that is shed from her body.
Conversion of lysine to saccharopine by human tissues.

Abstract The ability of human tissues to convert lysine and α-ketoglutarate to saccharopine [ e-N-( l -glutaryl -2)- l -lysine ] has been investigated vitro. Liver is the most effective organ, though some activity could be demonstrated in several other tissues. The responsible enzyme lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (lysine:α-ketoglutarate: TPNH oxidoreductase ( e-N-[ glutaryl -2]- l -lysine forming )) has been partially purified from human liver and optimal conditions for its assay determined. There is a specific requirement for TPNH that cannot be satisfied by DPNH. A pH optimum near neutrality and inhibition by ammonium sulfate were observed. The enzyme is stable at −25°, both in tissues obtained at post-mortem and in its purified form. The assay for lysine-ketoglutarate reductase is sufficiently sensitive to be used on the limited amount of tissue obtainable by needle biopsy of the liver.
Framing physical activity as a distinct and uniquely valuable behavior independent of weight management: a pilot randomized controlled trial for overweight and obese sedentary persons.

Purpose: Promoting benefits of physical activity independent of weightmanagement may help overweight/obese persons. Design: Pilot randomized-controlledtrial. Subjects: Twenty-six sedentary, overweight/obese persons receiving health-care at Stanford Medical Center, no contraindications for exercise. Control/Intervention Groups: Usual medical care and community weight-management/fitness resources versus same plus a brief intervention derived from behavioral-economic and evolutionary psychological theory highlighting benefits of activity independent of weight-management. Analysis: Intent-to-treat. Cohen’s d effect-sizes and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for changes in moderate-intensity-equivalent physical activity/week, cardiorespiratory fitness, and depression at 3 months relative to baseline. Results: Intervention group participants demonstrated 3.76 hour/week of increased physical activity at study endpoint, controls only 0.7 hours/week (Cohen’s d=0.74, 95% CI -0.06 to +1.5). They also improved cardiorespiratory fitness (Cohen’s d=0.51, 95% CI -0.3 to +1.3) and reduced depression relative to controls (Cohen’s d=0.66, 95% CI -0.1 to +1.4). Conclusion: Promoting activity independent of weight-management appears promising for further study.
Bevel direction of epidural needles reliably predicts direction of catheter placement and contrast spread in human cadavers: results of a pilot study.

Abstract Study Objective To confirm the relationship between bevel orientation, catheter direction, and radiopaque contrast spread in the lumbar region. Design Pilot cadaver study. Setting Anatomy laboratory of a university hospital. Measurements Cadavers were randomized to two groups of 4 cadavers each. In Group 1, needle bevel direction at epidural entry was cephalad; in Group 2, it was caudad. After placement of each epidural catheter in L 4 -L 5 interspace, 2 mL of radiopaque contrast was injected and a lumbar posterior-anterior radiograph was obtained. Catheter direction and direction of radiopaque contrast spread were collected. Main Results Due to the inability to access the epidural space secondary to surgical changes in the lumbar spine, one cadaver in the cephalad group was excluded. In 7 of 7 (100%) cadavers, the catheter tip direction according to the radiograph corresponded directly with bevel direction. Conclusions A strong relationship exists between bevel orientation and catheter direction; however, catheter position does not reliably predict the direction in which the injected fluid spreads in all cadavers.
Alkalinity and formation of zeolites in saline alkaline lakes

The solubility of rhyolitic glass increases with increasing alkalinity, whereas the ratio of silicon to aluminum decreases with increasing alkalinity. The strong correlation observed between alkalinity and zeolite mineralogy in saline, alkaline lakes is thought to be a function of this relationship between pH and the Si/Al ratio. It is suggested that this function is a result of the reaction between silicic glass and alkaline solution whereby (i) a gel forms, whose Si/Al ratio is controlled by the Si/Al ratio of the solution, and (ii) a zeolite forms from the gel, whose Si/Al ratio is, in turn, controlled by the composition of the gel.
The Murine Anti-Human Common γ Chain Monoclonal Antibody CP.B8 Blocks the Second Step in the Formation of the Intermediate Affinity IL-2 Receptor

A murine monoclonal antibody, CP.B8, specific for the extracellular portion of the human common γ (γc) chain, and its Fab fragment are shown to block the binding of IL-2 to COS-7 cells transfected ...
Icarus and Jonah: Flight and Containment in Cendrars's Work

The study of two dreams and other related texts will show the ambivalent dynamism of Cendrars's imaginary
The Physical Therapy Clinical Research Network (PTClinResNet) : Methods, Efficacy, and Benefits of a Rehabilitation Research Network

This article describes the vision, methods, and implementation strategies used in building the infrastructure for PTClinResNet, a clinical research network designed to assess outcomes for health-related mobility associated with evidence-based physical therapy interventions across and within four different disability groups. Specific aims were to (1) create the infrastructure necessary to develop and sustain clinical trials research in rehabilitation, (2) generate evidence to evaluate the efficacy of resistance exercise-based physical interventions designed to improve muscle performance and movement skills, and (3) provide education and training opportunities for present and future clinician-researchers and for the rehabilitation community at-large in its support of evidence-based practice. We present the network's infrastructure, development, and several examples that highlight the benefits of a clinical research network. We suggest that the network structure is ideal for building research capacity and fostering multisite, multiinvestigator clinical research projects designed to generate evidence for the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions.
Preparation of Al-Sc Alloy by LiF-ScF3-ScCl3 Molten Salt Electrolysis

The paper studied the preparation of Al-Sc alloy by molten salt electrolysis. LiF-ScF3-ScCl3 as the electrolyte, Sc2O3 as raw material, liquid Al as cathode and graphite as anode. The process condition of preparating Al-Sc alloy includes the influence of current density, electrolysis time, temperature of electrolysis, Back EMF, content of Sc in alloy and current efficiency.The content of Sc in alloy prepared by this method has reached to the maximum of 3.437%. The components of alloys showed by SEM were uniform, it is applicable for commercial purposes. Preparation of Al-Sc alloys with scandium oxide as raw materials, it not only reduce environment pollution, but also decease the cost of production. It is reported in many documents, preparing aluminum base alloy by the method of molten salt electrolysis[1-3], people could make many alloys such as Al-Ce、Al-La、Al-RE、Al-Ti、Al-Si-Ti in the aluminum cell, also the method to prepare some rare earth alloys such as Al-Sr、Nd-Fe、La-Ni was reported[4,5]. Use the method of electrolysis to produce some aluminum base alloy with high-melting-point , difficult to restore , high-priced element is a good method because it is technological process is brief, economy is rational, the technology is feasible, this viewpoint is broadly approved in the world[6]. It isn’t necessary to use high-priced Sc as raw material in preparing Al-Sc alloy with molten salt electrolysis, it could control the Sc amounts in the alloy through the different current efficiency and electrolysis time, production in this method could be continuous or semi-continuous, so it is easy to be automatic controlled. A new molten salt system is used in this paper, we use molten salt electrolysis to produce Al-Sc alloy, take scandium oxide as raw material, through the study of the effect of the current intensity，electrolysis time and the electrolysis temperature , Back EMF and cell voltage, the final production Al-Sc alloy contains Sc 2~6%.
Further studies in aesthetic field theory VII

We have generalized the field equations in aesthetic field theory by treating subscripted indices in a different manner than superscripted indices when considering the change of tensor functions. In doing so we find that scalar fields appear in the theory. We also have an infinite number of integrability equations that have to be satisfied. We have found a set of data at the origin such that these integrability equations are satisfied to computer accuracy, implying local existence of solutions. However, we have no evidence suggesting global existence at present.
Information theory and the problem of molecular structure

Recently it has been shown that the classical “stick and ball” viewpoint of molecules is inconsistent with quantum theory (QT). We suggest an unusual reconciliation: The QT state is not a physical property, but instead reflects our state of knowledge about observable aspects of “reality.” We show how this perspective is nevertheless objective. Applied to molecules, the view permits “structure” to exist only when observable evidence is compatible with this feature. Typically one must replace the a priori model (in particular, the dynamical generator) with one consistent with the evidence. We show that such “structure” is stable in the context of first-order perturbation theory. We also indicate how dynamics can be inferred from scattering data—a process alternative to postulating (field-theoretic) models for “environment.”
Processing time for naming and categorization of letters and numbers

A reaction-time experiment was carried out to examine the relationship between naming and categorization. Ss were shown one item at a time and asked either to name the item or to categorize the item as a letter or number. The size of the stimulus set was varied systematically across Ss. Naming time increased as the stimulus set size increased; categorization time could be predicted by the time required for naming, plus a constant. These results were interpreted as indicating that naming must precede categorization.
Fibrinogen Adsorption on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces: Geometrical and Energetic Aspects of Interfacial Relaxations

This work examined the relationship between footprint growth and adsorption energetics for fibrinogen on model hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. For adsorption runs at different free solution concentrations and flow rates in a slit-shear flow cell, single surface-dependent relaxation times were found on each of two model surfaces. By use of each relaxation time in an exponential growth model, predictions of the footprint size distributions were made for different adsorption histories. Then, from desorption rate measurements and a reversible binding model, the sizes of loosely and tightly bound populations were determined, in addition to the binding energy of the loosely bound population. These binding energies were then compared with the footprint size distributions to reveal markedly different behavior on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. On the hydrophobic surface, a single footprint size correlated with a binding energy of 6kT, a feature that was independent of adsorption history and the fo...
COMPUTATIONAL DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF RAT FC BOUND TO THE NEONATAL FC RECEPTOR

The available crystal structure for the complex between the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was determined at low resolution and has no electron density for a large portion of the C_H2 domain of the Fc. Here, we use a well validated computational docking algorithm in conjunction with known crystallographic data to predict the orientation of C_H2 when bound to FcRn, and validate the predicted structure with data from site-specific mutagenesis experiments. The predicted Fc structure indicates that the C_H2 domain moves upon binding FcRn, such that the end-to-end distance of the bound Fc fragment is greater than it is in the crystal structure of isolated Fc. The calculated orientation of the bound C_H2 domain is displaced by an average of 6 A from the C_H2 orientation in the structure of Fc alone, and shows improved charge complementarity with FcRn. The predicted effects of 11 specific mutations in Fc and FcRn are calculated and the results are compared with experimental measurements. The predicted structure is consistent with all reported mutagenesis data, some of which are explicable only on the basis of our model. The current study predicts that FcRn-bound Fc is asymmetric due to reorientation of the C_H2 domain upon FcRn binding, a rearrangement that would be likely to interfere with optimal binding of FcRn at the second binding site of the Fc homodimer.
A radiomimetic effect of triethylenemelamine on reproduction in the male rat.

The effect of triethylenemelamine on male rat fertility was investigated. Two dose levels were employed. A dose of 0.05 mg./kg. administered intra-peritoneally five times each week for four weeks produced no histologically demonstrable effect on the germinal epithelium; however, it produced sub-fertility or infertility in the treated animals. The infertility was observed to be due to intrauterine death of fetuses in females inseminated by the treated males. There was also an indication that in some cases preimplantation death of the inseminated ova could have occurred. A dose of 0.2 mg./kg. daily for five days produced, in addition to the above-described effect on fertility, a destruc-tion of spermatogonia followed by a maturation depletion of the germinal epithelium. The apparent similarity between the effects of triethylenemelamine and x-irradiation on the germinal cells is discussed.
Mucosal T cells recovered from mice after infection with respiratory syncytial virus display a memory/activation phenotype.

Pgp-1 expression was studied as a marker of memory/activation on systemic and mucosal T cells of BALB/c and C578L/6 mice after infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), using two-color dual fluorescence flow cytometry employing anti-L3T4 (CD4), anti-Ly2 (CD8), and anti-Pgp-1 (CD44) monoclonal antibodies. Pgp-1 was expressed in relatively low densities on T cells of C57BL/6 mice, allowing differentiation of a dual population of Pgp-1(10) and Pgp-1(hi) T cells after antigenic stimulation in vivo. On the contrary, T cells of BALB/c mice were uniformely Pgp-1(hi), making this mouse strain less suitable for studies with this marker. In blood and spleen consistently more CD8(+) than CD4(+) T cells were Pgp-1(hi), while in BAL more CD4(+) than CD8(+) T cells were Pgp-1(hi). After primary but not after secondary infection, CD4(+) Pgp-1(hi) T cells increased significantly in the blood and spleen. After secondary infection both CD4(+) Pgp-1(hi) and CD8(+) Pgp-1(hi) T cells increased in the BAL. It is hypothesized that after primary infection systemic RSV-specific T cells acquire an activation/memory phenotype as characterized by an enhanced expression of Pgp-1, resulting in a faster and stronger influx of these cells in the lungs after secondary infection.
Rationale for the observed COX-2/COX-1 selectivity of celecoxib from Monte Carlo simulations.

Computational studies have yielded an analysis of the contributions to the free energy difference between the binding of celecoxib to COX-1 and to COX-2. The energetic and structural results point to the Ile to Val mutation at residue 523 as the key contributor to COX-2 selectivity; unfavorable steric contact between a sulfonamide oxygen and the δ methyl group of Ile523 destabilizes the complex with COX-1. The His to Arg change at residue 513 is less significant.
The Relationship Between the bhāvas and the pratyayasarga in Classical Sāṃkhya

The relationship between the two classical Sāṃkhya paradigms of the conditions (bhāva) and the intellectual creation (pratyayasarga) has been a matter of debate since the early days of modern Indology. The precise role of each of these paradigms in the broader Sāṃkhya system, as well as the relationship between them, is unclear from the text of Īśvarakṛṣṇa’s Sāṃkhyakārikā, and most of the classical commentaries on this text offer little clarification. Of these commentaries, the anonymous Yuktidīpikā provides the most detailed and extensive information on many philosophical issues, including the nature of the bhāvas and the pratyayasarga. This article aims to show that previous attempts by scholars to explain the relationship between these two paradigms have not taken the evidence of the Yuktidīpikā fully into account, and to reconstruct a more adequate understanding on the basis of this evidence.
Nanometer-resolution scanning Auger electron microscopy

Abstract New instrumental developments are described, based on STEM optics and through-the-lens electron detection, which allow scanning Auger electron microscopy (SAM) to be performed at the nanometer level. Example Auger images with 3 nm resolution are shown of silver islands deposited on Si(100). A consistent definition of SAM edge resolution is given with emphasis placed on the distinction between image and analytical resolution. The structure of ideal samples for testing resolution, at the level where localization effects may become important, is discussed.
Unsynchronized structured light

Various Structured Light (SL) methods are used to capture 3D range images, where a number of binary or continuous light patterns are sequentially projected onto a scene of interest, while a digital camera captures images of the illuminated scene. All existing SL methods require the projector and camera to be hardware or software synchronized, with one image captured per projected pattern. A 3D range image is computed from the captured images. The two synchronization methods have disadvantages, which limit the use of SL methods to niche industrial and low quality consumer applications. Unsynchronized Structured Light (USL) is a novel SL method which does not require synchronization of pattern projection and image capture. The light patterns are projected and the images are captured independently, at constant, but possibly different, frame rates. USL synthesizes new binary images as would be decoded from the images captured by a camera synchronized to the projector, reducing the subsequent computation to standard SL. USL works both with global and rolling shutter cameras. USL enables most burst-mode-capable cameras, such as modern smartphones, tablets, DSLRs, and point-and-shoots, to function as high quality 3D snapshot cameras. Beyond the software, which can run in the devices, a separate SL Flash, able to project the sequence of patterns cyclically, during the acquisition time, is needed to enable the functionality.
Azimuth-Elevation Estimation Performance of a Spatially Dispersive Channel

A model is presented for the estimation of azimuth and elevation in a dispersive media where the signals come from a continuum of directions. These bounds depend upon the array ambiguity patterns and the channel spread function. Specific cases are discussed showing how the result reduces to an easily tractable analytical tool in many cases of interest. The model discussed is applicable to angular estimation performance in the presence of such interference as diffuse multipath, chaff clouds, vertical angle of arrival spread in sonar systems, and turbulent and multiply scattered optical channels.
Light‐Driven Uncoupling of Nitrogenase Catalysis from ATP Hydrolysis

The Haber-Bosch process carries an enormous industrial and agricultural importance but also has a largely negative economic and environmental impact. Understanding the mechanistic details of biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase would be beneficial both for designing cleaner or more efficient catalysts for small molecule activation and for understanding biological multi-electron/proton redox processes. The enzyme's catalytic mechanism, however, is poorly understood because it relies upon ATP hydrolysis and complex protein-protein interactions to coordinate electron transfer and substrate activation. We have proposed that uncoupling MoFeP catalysis from ATP- and FeP-dependent electron transfer, specifically through light-driven electron injection, would enable the direct study of catalysis at the enzyme active site and the population of discrete reaction intermediates for structural or spectroscopic investigation. The experimental results discussed herein describe the design and characterization of a photosensitized MoFeP capable of reducing substrates independent of ATP hydrolysis and FeP, which have previously been believed essential for catalytic turnover. To achieve light-driven electron injection and substrate activation, MoFeP variants were labeled with a Ru photosensitizer at three different exposed cysteine residues on the protein surface. A particular MoFeP-Ru construct with the Ru photosensitizer located directly above the P-cluster was found to catalyze the 2-electron reduction of protons and acetylene in a light-dependent manner. A modified version of the same construct was able to catalyze the 6-electron reduction of HCN into CH₄ and likely also NH₃. Currently, none of the MoFeP-Ru constructs can catalyze the light-driven reduction of N₂ to NH₃, most likely as a result of inefficient electron transfer to the FeMoco in the absence of FeP. In light of recent findings that certain amino-acid substitutions in MoFeP may enable efficient electron transfer into the MoFeP active site (FeMoco) in the absence of FeP, we have initiated efforts focused on modifying the MoFeP through site-directed mutagenesis. Incorporating these substitutions into our MoFeP-Ru constructs should increase the efficiency of electron transfer to FeMoco such that light-driven N₂ reduction is realized and discrete catalytic intermediates for this reaction can be populated in sufficient quantities for structural or spectroscopic examination
Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the adenovirus core proteins

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies have been prepared that recognize adenovirus core proteins V, VII, and μ in ELISA and ] Western blot assays. Antibodies produced by all of 87 positive hybridoma colonies obtained from a mouse injected with the precursor to protein VII, pVll, produced antibodies that also reacted with purified protein VII in an ELISA assay and all tested recognized denatured protein VII immobilized on nitrocellulose. Such failure to recover antibodies that specifically recognized only protein pVll suggests that epitopes common to the 174 amino acid protein VII and its 197 amino acid precursor were more effective antigenic determinants than the N-terminal 23 amino acid segment unique to pVll. All antibodies raised against protein μ cross-reacted with protein VII in both assays, but only a small fraction of the anti-protein VII or pVll antibodies recognized protein μ. Such cross-reactivity is discussed in relation to an unusual, arginine-rich sequence present in both protein VII and protein μ.
Rearrangement Invariant Continuous Linear Functionals on Weak L1

We show that in the dual of Weak L1 the subspace of all rearrangement invariant continuous linear functionals is lattice isometric to a space L1(μ) and is the linear hull of the maximal elements of the dual unit ball. We also show that the dual of Weak L1 contains a norm closed weak* dense ideal which is lattice isometric to an l1-sum of spaces of type C(K).
Thermal and nonthermal physiochemical processes in nanoscale films of amorphous solid water.

Amorphous solid water (ASW) is a disordered version of ice created by vapor deposition onto a cold substrate (typically less than 130 K). It has a higher free energy than the crystalline phase of ice, and when heated above its glass transition temperature, it transforms into a metastable supercooled liquid.This unusual form of water exists on earth only in laboratories, after preparation with highly specialized equipment. It is thus fair to ask why there is any interest in studying such an esoteric material. Much of the scientific interest results from the ability to use ASW as a model system for exploring the physical and reactive properties of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ASW is also thought to be the predominant form of water in the extremely cold temperatures of many interstellar and planetary environments. In addition, ASW is a convenient model system for studying the stability of amorphous and glassy materials as well as the properties of highly porous materials. A fundamental understanding o...
SUPERMAX INCARCERATION AND RECIDIVISM

Since the early 1980s, supermax incarceration has emerged as a common feature of the American corrections landscape. This special type of high-cost housing, which involves extended isolation with little programming or contact with others, remains largely unevaluated and is of interest for three reasons. First, the study of supermax housing offers a unique opportunity to understand the factors related to the successful reentry of offenders back into society. Second, it affords an opportunity to test the claims, many of which are grounded in mainstream criminological theory, that have been made about the putative effects of supermax confinement. Third, it provides an empirical touchstone that can help inform policy debates about the merits of such confinement. Examining data from the Florida Department of Corrections, we test competing hypotheses about the effects of supermax housing on 3-year recidivism outcomes. We find evidence that supermax incarceration may increase violent recidivism but find no evidence of an effect of the duration of supermax incarceration or the recency of such incarceration to the time of release into society. We discuss the findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy.
Observation of the ν 2 (bending) fundamental of the HN 2 + ion at 14.6 micrometers

Twenty vibration–rotation lines in the bending fundamental of HN2+ have been detected by absorption spectroscopy using a tunable-diode laser. The ions were produced in a large hollow-cathode discharge in a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen maintained at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Analysis of the spectrum provides an accurate determination of the ν2 band origin and the major parameters describing the (01 10) state of the ion.