cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles: a comparison of census-derived and individual measures.

Background Patient education has been shown to affect physician performance profiles. It is not known whether census-derived measures of patient socioeconomic status (SES) show comparable effects. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the effects on physician profiles for patient satisfaction and physical and mental health of adjustment for patient SES derived from patient addresses geocoded to the census block group level, zip codes, and patient education. Design This was a cross-sectional survey of patients in physician practices. Setting Subjects came from adult primary care practices in western New York. Participants A random sample of 100 primary care physicians and 50 consecutive patients seen by each physician participated in the study. Measurements Independent variables were census-derived (block group and zip code) patient SES and patient-reported education. The outcomes were physician ranks for patient satisfaction (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire) and physical and mental health status (SF-12). RESULTS. In empirical Bayes models that adjusted for patient age, age squared, gender, insurance, and case mix, both the census-derived measures (block group and zip code) of SES and education had similar effects on each of the physician profiles. CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest that SES derived from either patient addresses geocoded to the census block group level or zip codes may offer a convenient alternative to individually collected SES when adjusting physician profiles for the socioeconomic characteristics of physicians' practices. The relative ease of using zip codes compared with geocoded addresses and loss of information associated with incomplete matching during geocoding suggest that zip code-derived SES may be preferable.
The geochemistry of gallium relative to aluminum in Californian streams

Abstract The possibility that the chemically similar elements Ga and Al might be fractionated during the weathering process was examined. Gallium and Al were determined in waters, source rocks, and soils in a variety of weakly basic small stream drainages in California. As expected from the low mobility of these two elements (and in agreement with previous work), little difference was found between Ga/Al ratios in source rocks and weathered residuals. However, dissolved Ga/Al ratios were consistently higher than the Ga/Al ratios of solids from the same stream basin. Evidence suggests that neither anthropogenic effects nor presence of trace sulfide minerals are likely explanations for the dissolved Ga/Al enrichment. Comparisons of Ga/Al ratios with major elements indicate that the nature and intensity of chemical weathering plays an important role in determining the dissolved Ga/Al ratio. Organic complexation of Al can also affect the dissolved Ga/Al ratio, even in weakly basic streams.
In vitro reconstitution of intercompartmental protein transport to the yeast vacuole

Toward a detailed understanding of protein sorting in the late secretory pathway, we have reconstituted intercompartmental transfer and proteolytic maturation of a yeast vacuolar protease, carboxypeptidase Y (CPY). This in vitro reconstitution uses permeabilized yeast spheroplasts that are first radiolabeled in vivo under conditions that kinetically trap ER and Golgi apparatus-modified precursor forms of CPY (p1 and p2, respectively). After incubation at 25 degrees C, up to 45% of the p2CPY that is retained in the perforated cells can be proteolytically converted to mature CPY (mCPY). This maturation is specific for p2CPY, requires exogenously added ATP, an ATP regeneration system, and is stimulated by cytosolic protein extracts. The p2CPY processing shows a 5-min lag period and is then linear for 15-60 min, with a sharp temperature optimum of 25-30 degrees C. After hypotonic extraction, the compartments that contain p2 and mCPY show different osmotic stability characteristics as p2 and mCPY can be separated with centrifugation into a pellet and supernatant, respectively. Like CPY maturation in vivo, the observed in vitro reaction is dependent on the PEP4 gene product, proteinase A, which is the principle processing enzyme. After incubation with ATP and cytosol, mCPY was recovered in a vacuole-enriched fraction from perforated spheroplasts using Ficoll step-gradient centrifugation. The p2CPY precursor was not recovered in this fraction indicating that intercompartmental transport to the vacuole takes place. In addition, intracompartmental processing of p2CPY with autoactivated, prevacuolar zymogen pools of proteinase A cannot account for this reconstitution. Stimulation of in vitro processing with energy and cytosol took place efficiently when the expression of PEP4, under control of the GAL1 promoter, was induced then completely repressed before radiolabeling spheroplasts. Finally, reconstitution of p2CPY maturation was not possible with vps mutant perforated cells suggesting that VPS gene product function is necessary for intercompartmental transport to the vacuole in vitro.
Correction of single-breath helium lung volumes in patients with airflow obstruction.

Study objective: To determine whether alveolar volume (V A ) measured during the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dco) can be used as a substitute measure for the multiple-breath total lung capacity (TLC) in subjects with and without airways obstruction. Design: Retrospective review of pulmonary function test (PFT) results. Setting: Pulmonary function laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and the Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center (JHAAC). Participants: Patients referred for spirometry, helium lung volumes, and Dco during a single visit between November 1993 and November 1996. Results: JHAAC patients (n=2,477) were used to assess the relationship between V A and TLC. In patients with an FEV 1 /FVC ≥0.70, there was good agreement between V A and TLC (V A /TLC=0.97 to 0.99). However, in patients with an FEV 1 /FVC A systematically underestimated TLC (V A /TLC=0.67 to 0.94). The degree of underestimation was related to the severity of airflow obstruction. To predict TLC using V A , a regression equation was used to “correct” V A for the severity of obstruction. This equation was used to predict the multiple-breath TLC for JHH patients (n=2,892). Patients with an FEV 1 /FVC ≥0.70 showed a high degree of correlation between V A and TLC (Pearson's correlation coefficient [r]=0.96 to 0.99; p 1 /FVC in the range of 0.40 to 0.70 also had a strong correlation between the corrected V A and the multiple-breath TLC (r=0.83 to 0.94; p Conclusions: V A accurately predicts TLC in patients with mild or no airflow obstruction. For patients with moderate to severe obstruction, correcting V A for the severity of obstruction improves the accuracy of this relatively simple and rapid technique for measuring TLC. (CHEST 1998; 114:907–918) Abbreviations: cV A =alveolar volume corrected for the severity of airflow obstruction; Dco = single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; FRC=functional residual capacity; JHAAC=Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; JHH=Johns Hopkins Hospital; PFT=pulmonary function test; r=Pearson's correlation coefficient; RV=residual volume; SVC=slow vital capacity; TLC=total lung capacity; V A =alveolar volume
Qualitative and Quantitative Distinctions in Personality Disorder

The categorical–dimensional debate has catalyzed a wealth of empirical advances in the study of personality pathology. However, this debate is merely one articulation of a broader conceptual question regarding whether to define and describe psychopathology as a quantitatively extreme expression of normal functioning or as qualitatively distinct in its process. In this article I argue that dynamic models of personality (e.g., object relations, cognitive-affective processing system) offer the conceptual scaffolding to reconcile these seemingly incompatible approaches to characterizing the relationship between normal and pathological personality. I propose that advances in personality assessment that sample behavior and experiences intensively provide the empirical techniques, whereas interpersonal theory offers an integrative theoretical framework, for accomplishing this goal.
Avian thymic hormone and chicken (muscle) parvalbumin are distinct proteins: isolation of a muscle parvalbumin cDNA fragment by PCR.

Abstract Access to the nucleotide sequence of parvalbumin from chicken muscle was gained via the polymerase chain reaction. In the absence of specific amino acid sequence data, the PCR primers were based on concensus data for the two parvalbumin Ca 2+ -binding sites. The 137 bp fragment obtained by amplification clearly codes for a parvalbumin, as judged by the presence of 10 invariant codons within the sequence flanked by the primers. When used to probe poly(A)+RNA from chicken muscle, the fragment recognizes an 800 nucleotide transcript. The translated nucleotide sequence of the muscle protein is unmistakably distinct from that of the thymus-specific parvalbumin known as avian thymic hormone. Of the 31 amplified residues, the two proteins differ at 14. The presence of a distinct parvalbumin in chicken thymus is consistent with the potent effector role proposed for the protein.
Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 using two complementary in vitro stimulation strategies.

Abstract CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induced by candidate HIV-1 vaccines may be a mechanism of immune protection against HIV-1 infection. We measured in vitro inducible CD8+ and CD4+ CTL using two in vitro effector cell stimulation strategies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for CTL assay were obtained after the third and/or fourth immunization timepoints from 23 healthy, uninfected adult volunteers, of whom 19 received a canarypox virus vaccine expressing HIV-1 env, gag, pol, nef and protease gene products (vCP300) with or without injections of HIV-1 SF-2 rgp120 subunit vaccine and four subjects received only control injections. CD8+ CTL activity was detected employing the two in vitro stimulation strategies against one or more HIV-1 antigens in 15 (79%) of 19 HIV-1 vaccine recipients on at least one occasion and repeatedly against the same antigen in 8 (42%). Canarypox virus-based HIV-1 vaccines represent a step forward in HIV-1 vaccine development.
Solution of complex matrix equations with changing phase

A method is presented for solving a succession of complex matrix equations in which the phase of the real and imaginary components changes. The method is more efficient than the technique obtained by using complex Gaussian elimination on each of the matrix equations separately. In addition, some interesting theoretical relationships are presented for the solution of complex matrix equations in general, using only real-valued arithmetic operations.
Tide-Dominated Delta Model for Coal-Bearing Wilcox Strata in South Texas: ABSTRACT

Coal-bearing Wilcox strata near Uvalde in south Texas are the deposits of a tide-dominated delta. The delta of the Klang and Langat Rivers, Malaysia, provides a modern analog for these strata. Five facies have been identified from a study of core and well logs: (1) lignite, (2) underclay, (3) interbedded sand and mud with lenticular, wavy, and flaser bedding, (4) ripple-laminated or cross-bedded sand, and (5) greenish, very strongly bioturbated sand. On the Klang-Langat delta, the modern equivalents of these facies are (1) peat formed in freshwater swamps, (2) root horizons developed beneath the peat (3) interbedded sand and mud deposited on tidal flats, (4) channel sands, and (5) shallow marine sand and mud. Tidal flat deposits are the most abundant type of sediment on the Klang-Langat delta and in the coal-bearing Wilcox strata. The tidal flats of the modern delta are crossed by small tidal creeks and by larger tidal streams. The tidal channels are cut into tidal flat sediments and separate peat-forming areas. Channel sands in the Wilcox are cut into tidal flat deposits and form washouts in the lignite. Two types of channel-fill sand are present in the Wilcox, sands 5-15 ft (1.5-4.5 m) thick and sands more than 30 ft (9 m) thick. The thinner sands, deposits of small tidal creeks, have sharp, erosive bases, fine upward and pass into interbedded sand and mud. The thicker sands have sharp tops as well as sharp bases and show no grain-size trends; they are fills of larger tidal streams. End_of_Article - Last_Page 457------------
Communicative adaptability: A review of conceptualization and measurement

Due to the importance of the communication competence construct a number of conceptualizations and measures have been developed. One measure of communication competence is the Communicative Adaptability Scale (CAS). The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the conceptualization and measurement of the CAS. Additionally, research utilizing the CAS is summarized. Some of the variables found to be associated with the CAS are: communication apprehension, shyness, loneliness, communication satisfaction, attraction, cognitive complexity, interaction involvement, and androgyny. The paper concludes with a discussion of research trends and limitations of the CAS.
Demand responsive transit and the integration of D/R systems with traditional transit

This paper provides a background of the development of demand-responsive transit in small communities in the U.S.A. It also backgrounds traditional transit in metropolitan areas of the United States and outlines its deficiencies in terms of today's urban sprawl and in terms of today's society in metropolitan areas. Urban sprawl has developed city-like areas around big cities, but with lower population densities. Highways and roads were built. Cars were mass-produced. These new populations have never had an alternative to the private car. Today's society includes an ever-increasing number of senior citizens and handicapped persons. Senior citizens find it difficult to get to fixed-route bus stops; handicapped persons have difficulty in boarding regular buses and wheelchair persons cannot even get on board. Particular emphasis is placed upon the examination of the development of demand-responsive transit in metropolitan Rochester, U.S.A. And a demonstration project, sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the United States Department of Transportation. The paper also examines and makes reference to the results of integrated transit in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The demonstration project has several key objectives, the principal one of which is the integration of demand-responsive transit with the fixed-route element of traditional transit. Other important objectives of the demonstration are the balancing of peak and off-peak service so as to improve the overall utilization of resources, increase transit coverage, regular (not special) service for the elderly and the handicapped, the utilization of a computer in dispatching, digital communications, and marketing and promotional techniques. (A). /TRRL/
Simple Approximate Distributional Results for Confidence and Tolerance limits for the Weibull Distribution Based on Maximum likelihood Estimators

One form of the generalized gamma distribution brings out an association between the normal distribution and the extreme-value distribution. This relationship suggests chi-squared, Student's t and noncentral t approximations for certain functions of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the extreme-value distribution. The accuracy of these approximations is studied by comparing them to existing Monte Carlo simulation results. These approximations provide simple procedures for obtaining approximate confidence intervals for the parameters, tolerance limits, and confidence limits on reliability for the Weibull or extremevalue distribution.
Evaluation of Photophysical Properties of Methylene Blue Incorporated within ZMOF Framework

Zeolite-like metal organic frameworks (ZMOF) are of particular interest due to their application as gas storage material, drug delivery vehicles, and sensors. Stability, relatively straightforward synthesis and large internal cavities allow us to explore the possibility using of ZMOF material as a nanoreactors for various chemical and photochemical reactions. Here we present a synthesis and photophysical characterization of the ZMOF framework functionalized by encapsulation of a photosensitizer, methylene blue. Our data show that encapsulation of methylene blue within the ZMOF framework facilitates fluorophore self-aggregation as evident from the red-shift of methylene blue emission spectra, anisotropy increase, and decrease of the fluorescence lifetime. Interestingly, the fluorescent properties of methylene blue incorporated within zeolite-like methyl organic framework differ significantly from those reported previously for methylene blue aggregates in aqueous medium indicating strong interactions between the fluorophore and the framework.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Paraclinoid aneurysms: is there a new endovascular standard?

AbstractObjectives: Paraclinoid aneurysms are challenging lesions to treat with traditional surgical and conventional endovascular techniques despite modern improvements in technique and technology. Flow diversion emerged recently as a promising new therapy that overcomes limitations related to the wide-neck and fusiform morphology, and importantly addresses the underlying diseased parent artery from which the aneurysm arises.Methods: We reviewed the current literature regarding the safety and efficacy of flow diversion therapy for treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms.Results: Early results suggest excellent ability for flow diversion to remodel the diseased parent artery and achieve durable complete angiographic occlusion of the aneurysm with acceptable rates of peri-procedural risk.Discussion: Flow diversion therapy can achieve durable and high rates of obliteration that surpass traditional methods of management for paraclinoid aneurysms. However, caution is warranted when considering this treatment modal...
Desmoplakin: an unexpected regulator of microtubule organization in the epidermis

Despite their importance in cell shape and polarity generation, the organization of microtubules in differentiated cells and tissues remains relatively unexplored in mammals. We generated transgenic mice in which the epidermis expresses a fluorescently labeled microtubule-binding protein and show that in epidermis and in cultured keratinocytes, microtubules stereotypically reorganize as they differentiate. In basal cells, microtubules form a cytoplasmic network emanating from an apical centrosome. In suprabasal cells, microtubules concentrate at cell–cell junctions. The centrosome retains its ability to nucleate microtubules in differentiated cells, but no longer anchors them. During epidermal differentiation, ninein, which is a centrosomal protein required for microtubule anchoring (Dammermann, A., and A. Merdes. 2002. J. Cell Biol. 159:255–266; Delgehyr, N., J. Sillibourne, and M. Bornens. 2005. J. Cell Sci. 118:1565–1575; Mogensen, M.M., A. Malik, M. Piel, V. Bouckson-Castaing, and M. Bornens. 2000. J. Cell Sci. 113:3013–3023), is lost from the centrosome and is recruited to desmosomes by desmoplakin (DP). Loss of DP prevents accumulation of cortical microtubules in vivo and in vitro. Our work uncovers a differentiation-specific rearrangement of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermis, and defines an essential role for DP in the process.
Honeybee waggle dances: the "energy hypothesis" and thermoregulatory behavior of foragers

Honeybees were trained to visit artificial feeding sites containing a 2 mol·1-1 sucrose solution. To reach the feeder they either had to walk through 3 m of Teflon tube, or fly 20 m or 65 m and then walk through 3 m of tube. Only individuals that flew at least 65 m performed waggle dances. The distance indicated in these waggle dances, judged by the number of wagging movements per wagrun, was the same regardless of whether individuals had to run an additional 3 m of tube after flight or not. The energy needed during walking after flight was determined by measuring O2 consumption. All individuals attempted to regulate their body temperatures between 36 and 42°C during walking and feeding (O2 consumption=40μl·min-1 per bee). Calculations show that this walking through 3 m of tube requires as much energy as flying 128 m (difference between thoracic and ambient temperature=15°C). This energy expenditure was not reflected in the dances. The results do not support the hypothesis that honeybees estimate feeding site distances by measuring the energy required to reach a feeder.
How EFFECTIVELY ARE WE PREPARING TEACHER EDUCATORS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION? THE CASE OF DEAF EDUCATION

The study assessed how well the field of teacher education in special education is preparing the next generation of teacher educators to be stewards of the discipline by exploring the particular case of deaf education. Assuming that preparing doctoral graduates who are able to conduct valuable and quality research requires mentoring by faculty who conduct such research, the study examined the scholarly productivity of 127 teacher educators in deaf education at U.S. postsecondary institutions. Results showed that most had published relatively little during the past 6 years, greater than half had published relatively little over the course of their careers, and less than half of their dissertations had been published. If this case study of one special education field is representative of the others, it suggests that special education needs to broaden the dialogue to address not only the shortages but the quality of faculty.
Alternative to split-radix Hartley transform

Radix-4 transforms, which have a speed advantage but have been restricted to data lengths which are powers of 4, can also be used for odd powers of 2 also by splitting the data sequence into two interleaved parts, applying the radix-4 algorithm to each in turn, and combining the results.
Organ transplantation in children: Ethical issues

For several years, organ transplantation has been one of the most highly publicized therapies of modern medicine, a kind of symbol of our high-technology, high-cost efforts to save lives. Children have played an important role in this history; the media focused public attention on Charles and Marilyn Fiske's search for a donated liver for their daughter Jamie in late 1982 ~ and on Baby Fae's 20-day survival in 1984 with a transplanted baboon heart. 2 These cases, especially that of Baby Fae, evoked a flood of controversy and raised a host of complicated issues. In reviewing ethical issues in transplantation for children, this paper touches on some of the medical, scientific, economic, political, and social issues with which ethical issues are unavoidably linked. Three principles of ethics--beneficence, autonomy, and justice--form a framework for the discussion. First, consider the principle of beneficence, which enjoins us to act for the benefit or good of another or others. Benefitting the sick is arguably the fundamental goal of health care and the fundamental professional commitment of the physician. 3 In the case of transplantation, the primary benefits we seek to provide are the preservation of life (a necessary condition for any other benefit) and the improvement of its quality. Thus we speak of organ donors as giving the gift of life. The mere intention to benefit someone, however, is not by itself a sufficient justification for action. If it were, Dr. Bailey's belief that a baboon heart could be of benefit to Baby Fae 4 would have been enough to justify the transplant, and the widespread questioning of his grounds for that belief 59 would be irrelevant to the question of whether that experiment should have been attempted. Rather, scientific medicine demands that our beneficent intentions be well grounded in fact, and thus we look first to animal research
Report on the TREC 2004 genomics track

The goal of the TREC Genomics Track is to create test collections for evaluation of information retrieval (IR) and related tasks in the genomics domain. The Genomics Track differs from the other TREC tracks in that it is focused on retrieval in a specific domain. Initially the track has focused on modeling advanced users accessing the scientific literature. The advanced users include biomedical scientists and database curators or annotators. New advances in biotechnologies have changed the face of biological research, particularly "high-throughput" techniques such as gene microarrays (Mobasheri, Airley et al., 2004). These not only generate massive amounts of data but also have led to an explosion of new scientific knowledge. As a result, this domain is ripe for improved information access and management.
Qualitative aspects of pantomime recognition defect in aphasia.

Abstract This study investigated the performance pattern of aphasic patients on a pantomime recognition test in which one of the four response alternatives was an object semantically related to the correct choice. Aphasics with defective pantomime recognition made 71% of their total errors on the semantic foils, and for the majority of such patients, semantic errors represented 80 to 100% of total errors. Only aphasies with objective evidence of confusion failed to make highly frequent semantic errors. The findings suggest that most aphasies who fail pantomime recognition are impaired because of semantically vague understanding of the pantomimes' intended meaning rather than complete lack of understanding of the pantomime.
Approximation of continuous functions on Fréchet spaces

The approximation of continuous functions on countable normed Frechet spaces by analytic and *-analytic functions is considered. We also determine a criterion for the existence of an extension of a continuous function from a dense subspace of a topological space onto the entire space.
Flow of noncolloidal slurries in pipelines

A multiphase model for the flow of dense, noncolloidal, settling slurries through horizontal pipelines, and an associated Galerkin-finite element numerical scheme to carry out computer simulations based on the model, were developed. The principal elements of the model are: equations for estimation of the velocity distributions for each component; and those for the concentration distributions. In the former, which are derived from the local volume-averaged, time-smoothed conservation of mass and momentum equations, the total stress is comprised of components to account for interparticle and particle-boundary as well as viscous and turbulent interactions. The governing equations for the concentration distributions are derived similarly from the convective diffusion equation, with the eddy diffusivity modified to account for the presence of the solid particles. Numerical simulations and detailed comparisons with experiment for the flow of gypsum, coal, crushed glass, sand and gravel, covering particle sizes from 38.3 μm to 13,000 μm, and pipe diameters from 4 cm to 49.5 cm, were carried out. The agreement between model prediction and experiment is excellent.
Arteriolar control of capillary cell flow in striated muscle.

This study tests the hypothesis that capillary perfusion is controlled in groups rather than at the level of the individual capillary. We measured cell flux (using cells labeled with substituted tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate, XRITC) and vessel diameter in adjoining arterioles of the terminal vasculature of hamster cremaster muscle (Nembutal, 70 mg/kg i.p.) during rest and hyperemia (10(-4) M adenosine). In terminal arterioles (TAs), 32 of 68 vessels showed cell flux increases from rest to hyperemia exceeding 25 times (i.e., 47% of TAs were relatively unperfused at rest). In vessels feeding TAs (TAFs), 33 of 95 (34%) were relatively unperfused at rest. Cell flux heterogeneity in TAFs decreased significantly by 27% from rest to hyperemia; the corresponding decrease (16%) in TAs was not significant. Thus, unperfused TAFs are present in a proportion which reflects capillary recruitment in hamster cremaster (Sarelius et al, Am J Physiol 1981;241:H317) while TAs are not, and TAFs independently modulate flow distribution distally while TAs do not. The data therefore support the conclusion that TAFs control cell flow in the distal microvasculature. Analysis of normalized ranked maximal diameters showed that TAFs unperfused at rest tend to be the smaller vessels at any tissue site.
The Shared Knowledge of Reading and Writing.

This study investigates the magnitude and nature of the reading‐writing relationship. Particular attention is given to those theories that postulate identicality of knowledge use. Four reading meas...
SNR-Adaptive Linear Fusion of Hyperspectral Images for Color Display

A set of three fixed basis functions is proposed for the linear projection of hyperspectral images into a set of three images that can be displayed on the red, green, and blue channels of a standard display. The proposed basis functions were designed to meet specific criteria for maximizing interpretability of the visualization and correspondence of the perceived visualization to the original hyperspectral data. The constraints of the standardized display-device colorspace sRGB were taken into account, and the design was optimized using the perceptual colorspace CIELab. This work improves upon a previous fixed basis function method, the stretched CMF basis functions. A method for taking into account the different SNR of each frequency band is also proposed. Example visualizations are shown for AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery.
1679 PHYSIOLOGIC SEQUELAE OF NO 2 -INDUCED BRONCHIOLITIS

To test the hypothesis that injury in the developing lung may lead to chronic obstructive lung disease, we studied the effects of NO2-induced bronchiolitis in newborn hamsters. Three day (d) Syrian hamsters were exposed continuously to 30-35 ppm NO2 23 hrs daily for 7 d. Pressure-volume and flow-volume curves during forced expiration at -50 cm H2O and minimal volumes (MV) were determined on excised lungs at 3 and 9 weeks (wk) of age. In NO2 animals studied at 3 wk (n=5), maximal expiratory flow at 40% total lung capacity (TLC) and elastic recoil pressure at 40% TLC were significantly lower than in control group (c) (n=4) (p<.02 and p<.04, respectively), while MV was significantly increased (p<.02). The upstream resistance (mean ± SEM) in the 3 wk NO2 group (.275 ± .058 cm H2O/ml/sec) was greater than in (c) (.209 ± .010) (p=NS). All measurements in 9 wk NO2 animals (n=4) were not significantly different from (c) (n=6). The decreased flow rates and increased MV in the NO2 group suggest small airways obstruction which may be related to decreased elastic recoil, increased airways resistance or both factors. The reversibility after 8 wk may result from 1) lung growth producing an increase in airways diameter, 2) alteration of the elastic properties of the lung associated with an increase in alveolar number during growth, or 3) physiologic accommodation to the effects of NO2. These data do not support the concept that acute lung injury is a progenitor of chronic lung disease. (Supp. by Amer. Lung Assn.)
Increased Proliferation in Keloid Fibroblasts Woundedin Vitro

Abstract A keloid is a pathological overgrowth of scar expanding beyond the boundaries of the initiating skin wound. Ultimately, this expansive scar is a result of excess collagen synthesized by fibroblasts within the wound. The processes that lead to this collagen excess remain unknown. Anin vitrowound model was developed to test the hypothesis that fibroblasts isolated from keloid tissue and woundedin vitromight proliferate more rapidly than similarly wounded normal dermal fibroblasts. Keloid fibroblasts (KF) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NDF) were grown to confluence and quiescence in flexible-bottomed culture plates. Wounds were created in a standardized fashion using a specially designed jig. The jig utilized a 25 gauge needle to reproducibly ablate 16–20% of cells from confluent cell sheets. Wounded and nonwounded cells were labeled with3H-thymidine at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postwounding to measure DNA synthesis. Wounded KF and NDF demonstrated increased3H-thymidine incorporation compared to nonwounded control cultures, and wounded KF demonstrated significantly higher levels of3H-thymidine incorporation than wounded NDF both 24 and 48 hr after wounding. A similar trend was seen in cell counts. The wounded KF also showed a statistically greater labeling index quantitated by autoradiography than did wounded NDF. The increased commitment to DNA synthesis in response to woundingin vitroin keloid fibroblasts correlates with pathology seenin vivo.Keloid fibroblasts may have a lower inherent threshold for S phase entry than do normal fibroblasts contributing to the increased proliferation of keloid fibroblasts in response to woundingin vitro.
Antisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop. Binding of either a T10 PNA or a mixed sequence 15-mer PNA to the transcribed strand of a G-free transcription cassette caused 90 to 100 percent site-specific termination of pol II transcription elongation. When a T10 PNA was bound on the nontranscribed strand, site-specific inhibition never exceeded 50 percent. Binding of PNAs to RNA resulted in site-specific termination of both reverse transcription and in vitro translation, precisely at the position of the PNA.RNA heteroduplex. Nuclear microinjection of cells constitutively expressing SV40 large T antigen (T Ag) with either a 15-mer or 20-mer PNA targeted to the T Ag messenger RNA suppressed T Ag expression. This effect was specific in that there was no reduction in beta-galactosidase expression from a coinjected expression vector and no inhibition of T Ag expression after microinjection of a 10-mer PNA.
Repeated successful balloon valvuloplasty of a bioprosthetic aortic valve in a nonagenerian

Calcific aortic stenosis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the aging population. Surgical replacement remains the treatment of choice for this disease. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was introduced as a palliative procedure for these patients, but was tempered by a high rate of recurrence, which has limited its usefulness. However, the introduction of smaller-profile balloons, rapid pacing, and closure devices have brought it back as an alternative treatment strategy in selected patients who are at too high risk for surgery with repeat valvuloplasty as needed for recurrences. We report a case of prosthetic aortic valve stenosis treated with valvuloplasty with intracardiac and fluoroscopic guidance with recurrence treated with repeat valvuloplasty with promising intermediate-term outcome and describe the growing valve in valve procedures.
Zur automatischen Analyse von Aminosäuresequenzen in Proteinen und Peptiden

Die Entwicklung der manuellen Sequenzanalyse von Proteinen und Peptiden nach Edman zur heute bereits vielfach praktizierten automatischen Methode gelang durch Modifizierung der Arbeitsweise und durch Anwendung eines physikalisch neuartigen Prinzips. Samtliche Reaktions-, Zentrifugations-, Extraktions- und Trocknungsvorgange werden in einem rotierenden Gefas durchgefuhrt. Bei minimalem Zeit- und Substanzbedarf liesen sich z. B. aus einer einzigen Myoglobin-Probe 60 Aminosauren nacheinander abspalten.
Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Delivered to Rural Veterans via Telemental Health: A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial

Objective To compare clinical and process outcomes of cognitive processing therapy-cognitive only version (CPT-C) delivered via videoteleconferencing (VTC) to in-person in a rural, ethnically diverse sample of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method A randomized clinical trial with a noninferiority design was used to determine if providing CPT-C via VTC is effective and "as good as" in-person delivery. The study took place between March 2009 and June 2013. PTSD was diagnosed per DSM-IV. Participants received 12 sessions of CPT-C via VTC (n = 61) or in-person (n = 64). Assessments were administered at baseline, midtreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 and 6 months posttreatment. The primary clinical outcome was posttreatment PTSD severity, as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Results Clinical and process outcomes found VTC to be noninferior to in-person treatment. Significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were identified at posttreatment (Cohen d = 0.78, P .17). Conclusions Providing CPT-C to rural residents with PTSD via VTC produced outcomes that were "as good as" in-person treatment. All participants demonstrated significant reductions in PTSD symptoms posttreatment and at follow-up. Results indicate that VTC can offer increased access to specialty mental health care for residents of rural or remote areas. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00879255.
Chromosome substitution strains: some quantitative considerations for genome scans and fine mapping.

A chromosome substitution strain (CSS) is an inbred strain in which one chromosome has been substituted from a different inbred strain by repeated backcrossing. A complete CSS set has one strain representing each chromosome against a uniform background, thus allowing genome-wide scans to be carried out for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing any trait of interest. A one-way ANOVA by strain is first carried out, followed by planned comparisons using Dunnett’s method. A QTL is detected and mapped to a chromosome when a significant difference is observed in a background strain vs CSS comparison. The most efficient ratio of background to CSS mice in any one comparison is 4.5:1, and the threshold for p < .05 genome-wide significance is estimated to be p = .003 to .004, a much less stringent criterion than any other mammalian mapping population. The use of false discovery rates tends to further reduce threshold stringency. Comparisons are made to the widely used conventional F2 intercross, and both advantages and disadvantages are noted. The proportion of the trait variance due to a QTL is often much larger than the same QTL in an F2, and the number of generations to attain fine mapping is greatly reduced. To serve as guidelines for planning experiments, methods to estimate sample sizes for QTL detection are presented for the initial genome scan and for subsequent fine mapping.
Mapping of noninvasion TnphoA mutations on the Escherichia coli O18:K1:H7 chromosome

The most virulent newborn meningitis-associated Escherichia coli are of the serotype O18: K1: H7. We previously isolated a large number of E. coli O18:K1:H7 mutants resulting from transposon TnphoA mutagenesis that fail to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells. We have now determined the locations of 45 independent insertions. Twelve were localized to the 98 min region, containing a 120 kb segment that is characteristic of E. coli O18:K1:H7. Another, the previously described insertion ibe-10::TnphoA, was localized to the 87 min region, containing a 20 kb segment found in this E. coli. These noninvasion mutations may define new O18:K1:H7 pathogenicity islands carrying genes for penetration of the blood-brain barrier of newborn mammals.
Facility Design and Practices of a Low-Input Housing System for a Feeder-Pig Operation

This paper describes the facilities and labor requirements of a low-input (LI) housing system for a feeder-pig operation. The system used low cost facilities and also hied to reduce labor inputs. The system was compared to a standard intensive production unit for 12 months. In the low input systems sows were housed in pens with straw and fed ad libitum every other day during gestation. One of the disadvantages observed was frozen ground during winter, resulting in sows showing signs of sore feet, however, none of them became permanently lame. Another drawback was poor drainage near waterers, which froze in winter or turned into mud-holes in spring, resulting in additional expenses for refilling these holes with dirt. Also, the lack of flexibility, due to the small number of pens, resulted in the need to move weaned pigs to another building. Fially, one of the major problems with the housing system was the high preweaning mortality, and reduced weight gain of piglets observed in the fmt two groups, indicat...
Elder Eatmore and Deacon Jones: Folk religion as humor in black secular recordings, 1918–1961

(2001). Elder Eatmore and Deacon Jones: Folk religion as humor in black secular recordings, 1918–1961. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 25, No. 3-4, pp. 25-44.
Synthesis and characterization of a tetranuclear cyclopentadienyl molybdenum compound with a mu(4)-sulfido ligand.

Thermal labilization of Me2S from [(CpMo)2(S2CH2)(μ-SMe)(μ-SMe2)]OTf, 1, was carried out in refluxing acetonitrile in the presence of (NH4)2MoS4. The resulting molybdenum products were recrystalliz...
Tinker: a tool for designing data-centric sensor networks

We describe Tinker, a high-level design tool that aids the exploration of the design space in sensor network applications. Tinker is targeted at applications that require real-time assignment of semantic meaning to data, rather than just data storage. Tinker lets users write simple programs, as if they were manipulating individual scalar values, and simulates those computations over continuous streams of sensor data. Tinker does not require (or allow) users to specify details such as routing algorithms or retransmission policies, freeing system designers to rapidly iterate among different broad designs before fleshing out details of the one that looks most promising. We demonstrate Tinker's use in the design and deployment of ElevatorNet, our distributed sensor application that retrofits buildings with per-floor displays of an elevator's position, determined using barometric altimetry.
Solving frictionless rocking block problem with multiple impacts

In this paper, we present a solution to the frictionless multiple impact problems that may arise in the rocking blocks. We use an approach based on the impulse–momentum methods, the energetic coefficient of restitution and the impulse correlation ratio. Subsequently, we present the results of an experimental study that is used to compare the results predicted by the proposed method with the experimental outcomes.
What's in a Name? The Status Implications of Students' Terms of Address for Male and Female Professors

College students participated in two studies assessing differences in terms of address for male and female professors (i.e., first name vs. title) and the implications of the terms selected. In Study 1, 243 students reported their terms of address for professors of their present classes. As predicted, the probability of being addressed by title was significantly greater for male professors than female professors. In Study 2, 120 students read and answered questions about a transcript of a class session ostensibly taught by a male or female professor whom students addressed by first name or title. Professors were perceived to hold higher status when addressed by title, regardless of their gender. Female, but not male, professors addressed by title were perceived to be less accessible. These findings suggest that female professors hold lower status than male professors and must often choose between perceptions of status versus accessibility.
Delivery of chemical cargo to endogenous proteins on live cells

During the past two decades, our collective mastery of gene manipulation, delivery, and fluorescent fusion protein expression has been astounding and has enabled never before dreamed of new lines of research. These advances, coupled with progress in the collection and analysis of microscopy data, have allowed the scientific community to detect proteins in live cells with resolution that was unthinkable not long ago. The confluence of protein engineering and advanced microscopy has enabled us to observe cellular processes at the single molecule level and to begin unraveling the mysteries of cellular biochemistry and dynamics. These advances, however, require delivery of a contrast agent to the subject organism which can sometimes lead to untoward effects and potentially confounded results. Here, I present an opinion on the need to improve and deploy new strategies that allow for the silent tagging of endogenous proteins with contrast agents.
β-Oxidation of valproate. II. Effects of fasting, glucose, and clofibrate in rats

The effects of glucose infusion, fasting, and clofibrate pretreatment on valproate (VPA) disposition were investigated in rats to determine the role of endogenous fatty acid beta-oxidation in the metabolic formation of 2-en-VPA. Rats undergoing each treatment received a continuous steady-state infusion of VPA and a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus of 2-en-VPA. Elimination clearance of VPA was significantly higher (median 31%, p = 0.002) with glucose infusion as compared with fasting but was unchanged by clofibrate pretreatment as compared with control. Formation clearance of 2-en-VPA was significantly higher with glucose infusion as compared with fasting (median 147%, p = 0.001) and with clofibrate pretreatment as compared with control (median 73%, p = 0.041). Fractional metabolism of VPA by this route averaged 6% in fasted and control rats and 10% in glucose-infused and clofibrate-pretreated rats. Thus, VPA elimination clearance was not greatly influenced by effects on this route in rats. Elimination clearance of 2-en-VPA was also higher with glucose infusion as compared with fasting (median 149%, p = 0.002), and with clofibrate pretreatment as compared with control (median 167%, p less than 0.001). These observations are consistent with glucose-sparing release of endogenous fatty acids (FAs) to compete with VPA for beta-oxidation, and increased beta-oxidative activity after clofibrate treatment. The results of this study provide strong in vivo evidence for involvement of beta-oxidation in metabolism of VPA.