cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open and shut: crystal structures of the dodecylmaltoside solubilized mechanosensitive channel of small conductance from Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori at 4.4 Å and 4.1 Å resolutions.

The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) contributes to the survival of bacteria during osmotic downshock by transiently opening large diameter pores for the efflux of cellular contents before the membrane ruptures. Two crystal structures of the Escherichia coli MscS are currently available, the wild type protein in a nonconducting state at 3.7 A resolution (Bass et al., Science 2002; 298:1582–1587) and the Ala106Val variant in an open state at 3.45 A resolution (Wang et al., Science 2008; 321:1179–1183). Both structures used protein solubilized in the detergent fos-choline-14. We report here crystal structures of MscS from E. coli and Helicobacter pylori solubilized in the detergent β-dodecylmaltoside at resolutions of 4.4 and 4.2 A, respectively. While the cytoplasmic domains are unchanged in these structures, distinct conformations of the transmembrane domains are observed. Intriguingly, β-dodecylmaltoside solubilized wild type E. coli MscS adopts the open state structure of A106V E. coli MscS, while H. pylori MscS resembles the nonconducting state structure observed for fos-choline-14 solubilized E. coli MscS. These results highlight the sensitivity of membrane protein conformational equilibria to variations in detergent, crystallization conditions, and protein sequence.
Ethylene regulates phosphorus remobilization and expression of a phosphate transporter (PhPT1) during petunia corolla senescence.

The programmed degradation of macromolecules during petal senescence allows the plant to remobilize nutrients from dying to developing tissues. Ethylene is involved in regulating the timing of nucleic acid degradation in petunia, but it is not clear if ethylene has a role in the remobilization of phosphorus during petal senescence. To investigate ethylene's role in nutrient remobilization, the P content of petals (collectively called the corolla) during early development and senescence was compared in ethylene-sensitive wild type Petunia×hybrida ‘Mitchell Diploid’ (MD) and transgenic petunias with reduced sensitivity to ethylene (35S::etr1-1). When compared to the total P content of corollas on the day of flower opening (the early non-senescing stage), P in MD corollas had decreased 74% by the late stage of senescence (advanced wilting). By contrast, P levels were only reduced by an average of 32% during etr1-1 corolla (lines 44568 and Z00-35-10) senescence. A high-affinity phosphate transporter, PhPT1 (PhPht1;1), was cloned from senescing petunia corollas by RT-PCR. PhPT1 expression was up-regulated during MD corolla senescence and a much smaller increase was detected during the senescence of etr1-1 petunia corollas. PhPT1 mRNA levels showed a rapid increase in detached corollas (treated at 1 d after flower opening) following treatment with low levels of ethylene (0.1 μl l-1). Transcripts accumulated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, indicating that PhPT1 is a primary ethylene response gene. PhPT1 is a putative phosphate transporter that may function in Pi translocation during senescence.
Fourier transform and the global Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for unitary groups

By the relative trace formula approach of Jacquet�Rallis, we prove the global Gan�Gross�Prasad conjecture for unitary groups under some local restrictions for the automorphic representations
Increasing the affinity of selective bZIP-binding peptides through surface residue redesign.

The coiled-coil dimer is a prevalent protein interaction motif that is important for many cellular processes. The basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are one family of proteins for which coiled-coil mediated dimerization is essential for function, and misregulation of bZIPs can lead to disease states including cancer. This makes coiled coils attractive protein–protein interaction targets to disrupt using engineered molecules. Previous work designing peptides to compete with native coiled-coil interactions focused primarily on designing the core residues of the interface to achieve affinity and specificity. However, folding studies on the model bZIP GCN4 show that coiled-coil surface residues also contribute to binding affinity. Here we extend a prior study in which peptides were designed to bind tightly and specifically to representative members of each of 20 human bZIP families. These “anti-bZIP” peptides were designed with an emphasis on target-binding specificity, with contributions to design-target specificity and affinity engineered considering only the coiled-coil core residues. High-throughput testing using peptide arrays indicated many successes. We have now measured the binding affinities and specificities of anti-bZIPs that bind to FOS, XBP1, ATF6, and CREBZF in solution and tested whether redesigning the surface residues can increase design–target affinity. Incorporating residues that favor helix formation into the designs increased binding affinities in all cases, providing low-nanomolar binders of each target. However, changes in surface electrostatic interactions sometimes changed the binding specificity of the designed peptides. Impact Statement Designing molecules to bind native proteins is a fundamental objective in protein engineering. Ideally, designs should bind their targets both tightly and selectively. This paper reports binding affinities and specificities for computationally designed peptides that interact with human bZIP transcription factors, including cancer-related proteins FOS and XBP1. A design strategy is presented that improves binding affinity, with varying effects on interaction specificity. Tight-binding and selective inhibitors of FOS and CREBZF are described.
Pregnancy after immature oocyte donation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Abstract Objective: To report a case of pregnancy from in vitro-matured primary oocytes fertilized by ICSI. The pregnancy occured in a woman who was in an oocyte donation program; the woman's husband had normal sperm parameters. Design: Case report. Setting: Private general hospital affiliated with a university hospital. Patient(s): A recipient with premature ovarian failure, a recipient's husband with normal sperm, and a pregnant woman who donated her oocytes. Intervention(s): Aspiration of immature oocytes during cesarean section, in vitro culture for maturation, ICSI of matured oocytes, coculture of fertilized oocytes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fertilization of oocytes by ICSI, and cleavage of embryos by Vero cell coculture. Result(s): Two of seven immature oocytes became metaphase II oocytes, and both were fertilized by ICSI. The two zygotes were cocultured on Vero cells to become grade 1 two-cell embryos. Pregnancy was obtained after transfer. Conclusion(s): More studies are necessary to clarify whether ICSI can increase the fertilization rate of in vitro-matured primary oocytes, and to clarify the role of coculture in fertilization.
Landscape position and spatial patterns in the distribution of land use within the southern Appalachian Mountains

Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both n...
Breast Cancer Adjuvant Therapy: Time to Consider Its Time-Dependent Effects

Breast cancer is a chronic and heterogeneous disease that may recur many years after initial diagnosis and treatment.1 This has important implications for the practicing oncologist. For instance, an early effect of adjuvant treatment may diminish over time after cessation of therapy, or, alternatively, there may exist a lag time before some treatment effects become pronounced. Indeed, the risk of breast cancer recurrence and death (hazard rate) varies over time (ie, is nonproportional) according to prognostic and predictive factors (Figs 1 and ​and2;2; Table 1).6,13 The hazard curve for breast cancer death peaks between 2 and 3 years after initial diagnosis and then declines sharply, suggesting that the biologic mechanisms responsible for early and late cancer-specific events are fundamentally different. Thus the early and late effects of adjuvant therapy may vary accordingly.
Polychlorinated biphenyls exert selective effects on cellular composition of white matter in a manner inconsistent with thyroid hormone insufficiency

Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits in humans, and recent evidence implicates white matter development as a potential target of PCBs. Because PCBs are suspected of interfering with thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in the developing brain, and because TH is important in oligodendrocyte development, we tested the hypothesis that PCB exposure affects the development of white matter tracts by disrupting TH signaling. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 (5 mg/kg), with or without cotreatment of goitrogens from gestational d 7 until postnatal d 15. Treatment effects on white matter development were determined by separately measuring the cellular density and proportion of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-positive, O4-positive, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the genu of the corpus callosum (CC) and in the anterior commissure (AC). Hypothyroidism decreased the total cell d...
Multi-commodity allocation for dynamic demands using pagerank vectors

We consider a variant of the contact process concerning multi-commodity allocation on networks. In this process, the demands for several types of commodities are initially given at some specified vertices and then the demands spread interactively on a contact graph. To allocate supplies in such a dynamic setting, we use a modified version of PageRank vectors, called Kronecker PageRank, to identify vertices for shipping supplies. We analyze both the situation that the demand distribution evolves mostly in clusters around the initial vertices and the case that the demands spread to the whole network. We establish sharp upper bounds for the probability that the demands are satisfied as a function of PageRank vectors.
Better Ways to Cut a Cake

Procedures to divide a cake among n people with n-1 cuts (the minimum number) are analyzed and compared. For 2 persons, cut-and-choose, while envy-free and efficient, limits the cutter to exactly 50% if he or she is ignorant of the chooser’s preferences, whereas the chooser can generally obtain more. By comparison, a new 2person surplus procedure (SP), which induces the players to be truthful in order to maximize their minimum allocations, leads to a proportionally equitable division of the surplus—the part that remains after each player receives 50%—by giving each person exactly the same proportion of the surplus as he or she values it. For n ≥ 3 persons, a new equitable procedure (EP) yields a maximally equitable division of a cake. This division gives all players the highest common value that they can achieve and induces truthfulness, but it may not be envy-free. The applicability of SP and EP to the fair division of a heterogeneous, divisible good, like land, is briefly discussed.
Radiation-Induced Cross-Linking of DNA and Protein in Bacteria

The cross-linking of DNA and protein was the first in vivo photochemical hetero-addition reaction to be reported (Smith, 1962; Alexander and Moroson, 1962). It was observed that with increasing fluences of UV radiation, decreasing amounts of DNA free of protein could be extracted from the irradiated cells (Fig. 1). The DNA that was unextractable was found in the insoluble protein fraction (Smith, 1962).
Antifederalists: The Loyal Opposition and the American Constitution

A Book Review of THE COMPLETE ANTI-FEDERALIST, Edited by Herbert J. Storing, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
The Preservation of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis

In conducting protection tests with human serum and the virus of St. Louis encephalitis, we repeatedly found a marked disparity between our saline and negative serum controls. After varying periods of incubation (2 to 24 hours), the virus was found consistently to have dropped to a low titer (1:1,000 or less) in unbuffered physiologic salt solution, whereas it maintained a high titer (1:10,000 or more) in negative human serum under identical conditions. These findings led us to undertake an investigation of the comparative duration of the infectivity of the virus in serum and other common diluents or preservatives, over various periods of time and at icebox and incubator temperatures. Special attention was given to the possible influence of the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the reagents.
Archaeological Investigations of a Shell Midden (41HR39) at De Zavala Point, Harris County, Texas

Archaeological investigations at site 41 HR 39 on De Zavala Point in Channelview, Harris County, Texas, were conducted by personnel from the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio from December 16 through December 22, 1984. The site is recorded as an aboriginal shell midden with a historic component which will be impacted by the proposed disposal of dredged materials under the Department of the Army Permit Application No. 17151, during industrial development of the area. The field investigations were conducted for the Department of the Army, Galveston District, Corps of Engineers, to determine the el igibi 1 ity of the site for recommendation for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Field work at site 41 HR 39 involved excavating nine shovel tests, two 1-m2 controlled test units, five backhoe test pits, and five backhoe trenches, mapping and photographing the site, and gathering artifacts exposed by wave action along the bluff which marks the northern and eastern 1 imits of the site. Analysis of the site stratigraphy and cultural materials indicates that the site contains a stratum of Rangia cuneata shell with prehistoric and historic materials in a dark, sandy clay loam matrix. The shell midden stratum overl ies a sterile clay matrix. Most, if not all, of the site appears to have been disturbed by bioturbation, erosion, historic dredging, and other historic occupation and utilization of the site area. The research potential of the remaining historic component and the aboriginal shell stratum at 41 HR 39 appears to be low. The site is therefore recommended to be not el igible for nomination to the National Register of Hi storic Pl aces.
Financial sustainability for a lignocellulosic biorefinery under carbon constraints and price downside risk

The development of an environmentally sustainable and financially viable replacement for fossil fuels continues to elude industry investors even though the benefits of replacing them is undisputed. Biofuels are among the promising replacements for fossil fuels. However, the development and production process for bio-based fuels creates uncertainty for industry investors. In order to increase process profitability, financial tools can be implemented with current technology. This paper proposes the use of forward contracts to mitigate risk, and it also considers the impact of carbon tax constraints and price uncertainty. Specifically, a stochastic optimization approach is implemented to develop strategies, which increases the net present value (NPV) of a production facility through determination of an optimal production schedule, as well as the creation of a portfolio of forward contracts to reduce product price risk. Results of numerical case studies show that if the policymaker is risk averse, production is higher in the early planning period rather than the later period. This paper also investigates the ability to maintain inventory in order to create additional financial benefit.
RxSpatial: a framework for real-time spatio-temporal operations: demo

Existing commercial database systems provide spatial libraries that support functions on static non-moving spatial objects, e.g., points, linestrings and polygons. Examples of these spatial functions include intersection, distance, buffer, and convex hull computation. The RxSpatial, or Reactive Spatial, library provides the same functionality support in the context of moving objects, and addresses the spatial computation challenges over high-frequency, low-latency, real-time moving objects. This demo presents the RxSpatial library that enables developers to instantly compute spatio-temporal operations in an incremental and streaming fashion. The demo scenarios show the applicability of the library in two real-world applications: spatio-temporal social networks and family locators.
Solar-powering the Internet of Things

The Internet connects billions of computational platforms of various sizes, from supercomputers to smart phones. However, the same types of data transmission can connect computational resources to much simpler sensors “at the edge of the net” that collect, analyze, and transmit data, as well as controllers that receive instructions. Devices deployed in the environment, homes and offices, and even our bodies would expand the number of connected devices to the trillions. This “Internet of Things” (IoT) underlies the vision of smart homes and buildings that could sense and transmit their status and respond appropriately ( 1 ), or track and report on the state of objects (vehicles, goods, or even animals) in the environment. However, the practical implementation of the IoT has been relatively slow, in part because all of these edge devices must draw electrical power from their local environment. We analyze the use of photovoltaics (PV) to power devices and help bring the IoT to fruition.
Crossing the Aisle: Party Switching by US Legislators in the Postwar Era

Switching parties is arguably the most important decision a politician will ever make. This book is the first-ever systematic study of the causes and consequences of legislative party switching in the United States. The author argues that re-election alone does not explain party switching. He proposes an ambition-based theory that accounts for multiple goals (including higher office aspirations and the desire for influence in the legislature) with a focus on the electoral costs and the institutional benefits of the decision. The book combines the statistical analysis of electoral data and legislative careers in the US Congress and state legislatures with elite interviews of party switchers, non-switchers, and a party leader. The case study of a party switcher's decision in 'real time' documents the complexity of the decision in a politician's own words prior to and following the switch. The book raises important questions regarding the meaning of a party label.
Plant defence signals and Batesian mimicry

In a game theory context, we investigated conditions for an evolutionarily stable equilibrium of defended, signalling plants, and plants mimicking these signals – that is, conditions for a stable mimicry complex. We modelled this in three steps. First, we analysed conditions for selection for defended, signalling plants, in a population of undefended plants. Second, we analysed conditions for when mimicking plants can invade a population of defended, signalling plants, leading to a stable equilibrium between the two strategies. Third, we analysed how sampling of signalling plants by herbivores affects the equilibrium between the strategies. The predictions show that mimicry of plant defence signals may be common, and even imperfect mimics could invade a population of defended, signalling plants. Whether the latter prediction holds or not depends on how herbivores generalize over signals, and on the length of their ’avoidance sequence'. The length of the avoidance sequence is the number of signalling plants that a herbivore avoids to attack, after attacking a defended plant. If herbivores always sample signalling plants, then mimicry cannot evolve, whereas if herbivores have a long avoidance sequence, this may allow selection even for imperfect mimics.
Technique for Obtaining the Spectral Distribution of a Communication Transmitter Modulated by a Stochastic Process

Transmitter spectrum models are being developed for systems modulated by typical random signals such as speech. Typical random signals are described by their statistical probability functions rather than the waveform description of deterministic signals. The resulting spectral distribution of the transmitted signal is vastly different from that of a single tone signal or even a signal of multiple tones. Since the waveform of a random signal is unknown, its Fourier transform does not exist and its spectrum is unattainable by way of the conventional route used for deterministic signals. Rather, a meaningful power density spectrum is available from the Wiener-Khintchine theorem via the intermediate step of autocorrelation. Such a procedure can be used to describe voice signals, TV signals and communication signals of other types. This method has been applied to conventional amplitude, phase and frequency modulated systems, and their single sideband counterparts. It has also been used to analyze a PAM/FM telemetry system.
K3[Mo2(SNO5)4Cl]3[Mo2(SNO5)4]: the first example of a heterometallic extended metal atom node (HEMAN)

We present the synthesis, structure, and electrochemistry of K3[Mo2(SNO5)4Cl]3[Mo2(SNO5)4] (1, HSNO5 = monothiosuccinimide), the first example of a heterometallic extended metal atom node (HEMAN). The HEMAN consists of two perpendicular, intersecting lines of metal atoms formed by three [Mo2(SNO5)4Cl]- units and one [Mo2(SNO5)4] unit tethered together by K+ ions.
Static manycast routing and wavelength assignment over wavelength-routed optical WDM networks

We present our initial work for static manycast routing and wavelength assignment (MA-RWA) over wavelength-routed optical WDM networks. The goal is to route a set of static manycast requests over a wavelength-routed WDM network while minimizing the number of wavelengths required. This is the first time the problem has been investigated. We present a lambda path heuristic (LPH) to solve the MA-RWA problem and compare it to a simple shortest path manycast heuristic. LPH achieves a 20–30% improvement in required wavelengths over realistic networks.
Behind the Spam: A “Spectral Analysis” of Predatory Publishers

Most researchers today are bombarded with spam email solicitations from questionable scholarly publishers. These emails solicit article manuscripts, editorial board service, and even ad hoc peer reviews. These “predatory” publishers exploit the scholarly publishing process, patterning themselves after legitimate scholarly publishers yet performing little or no peer review and quickly accepting submitted manuscripts and collecting fees from submitting authors. These counterfeit publishers and journals have published much junk science? especially in the field of cosmology? threatening the integrity of the academic record. This paper examines the current state of predatory publishing and advises researchers how to navigate scholarly publishing to best avoid predatory publishers and other scholarly publishing-related perils.
Benchmarking: the Search for Peers. A Hybrid Library's Experience

ABSTRACTAlthough there are established measurements and metricsfor academic libraries, there are few, if any, for presidential libraries, especially hybrid presidential libraries. The presidential library system, part of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), administers and defines metrics for 13 libraries documenting the lives and work of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover (1929–1933). There is no equivalent system for the non-NARA Presidential Libraries, such as the ALPLM, that documents the lives of earlier presidents. Can the non-NARA Libraries be considered a peer group for benchmarking? This column examines benchmarking and the attempts of the ALPLM to define a peer group.
Uncovering Rape Culture: Patriarchal values guide Indian media’s rape-related reporting

This study examines the news content and experiences of male and female Indian journalists to explore and understand the influence of patriarchal socialization on newsgathering and reporting processes in coverage of the Delhi gang rape case of 2012. Findings suggest that many male and female journalists acknowledge the existence of sexist norms that govern rape-related reporting in India. Female journalists are more actively trying to change the ways that rape and sexual assault were covered historically, by employing non-traditional story angles. But while female journalists often experience the “sharp end of the deal,” some fail to acknowledge the influence of patriarchal hegemony because of their deep integration in the system that revels in their subordination in a male-dominated environment.
Digital government and citizen participation in the United States

This chapter addresses the topic of citizen participation via digital government in several sections: first, we discuss the relationship between digital government and citizen participation from the academic literature. Second, we introduce some best practices of citizen participations through digital government in the United States; third, we offer some principles and implications from these best practices; and fourth, we discuss several potential problems of digitized citizen participation in terms of further research. The best practices described in this chapter include Minnesota's Department Results and Online Citizen Participation Opportunities, Santa Monica's Budget Suggestions, California's California Scorecard, Virginia Beach's EMS Customer Satisfaction Survey and others. We extract some common features from these best practices, such as citizen as customer, recognizing a citizen's capacity, and direct participation. Further, we recommend principles for designing digitized citizen participation: operationalize direct policy involvement, enable the citizen to influence policy priorities, enhance government accountability, encourage participatory deliberation and shape digital citizenship.
Damage detection in structures using angular velocity

A new methodology is presented in this work to detect, localize, and relatively quantify damage in structures based on the changes in the second spatial derivative (curvature) of the power spectral density (PSD) of the angular velocity during vibration. The proposed method is based on the output motion only and does not require information about the input forces/motions. The PSD of the angular velocity signal at different locations on structural beams was used to identify the frequencies where the beams show large angular velocity. The curvature of the PSD of the angular velocity at these peak frequencies was then calculated. A damage index is presented that measures the differences between the PSD curvature of the angular velocity of a damaged structure and an artificial healthy baseline structure. The efficacy of the proposed method in detecting and localizing single and multiple damages was numerically demonstrated on structural beams with the presence of white noise. The method was very effective in detecting and localizing small damage on beams with narrow slots even when 10% white noise was added to the measured data. The method also successfully detected and localized a narrow slot in laboratory testing of a cantilever beam.
A first year seminar's impact on interest in computer science

While enrollments in computer science courses may be increasing overall, the recruitment and retention of women and minorities in computer science remains a pervasive problem. First Year Seminars at universities are relatively common, and though they take on a variety of formats, many are designed to help with the transition to college and to increase retention. For three years, a computer science faculty member taught a First Year Seminar, broadly about the Internet, though with limited technical details, surveying the students about their perceptions of computer science. The results, while not conclusive, may provide motivation for other computer science professors to teach a First Year Seminar related to technology.
The North American Free Trade Agreement: A Mexican Perspective

Only a few years ago, a proponent of a free trade agreement (FTA) between Mexico and the United States would have faced harsh criticism in Mexico, and indifference in the U.S.1 In Mexico, for decades the idea of explicitly promoting increased commercial ties with the United States, and taking part in a bargaining process with the "imperial power" to the North, was blatantly rejected in most political and academic circles. The U.S. administrations, acknowledging Mexico's feelings of distrust, probably did not consider an FTA between the two countries to be possible. Nor did the United States consider one to be desirable. Multilateralism was the prevalent trade strategy in the United States during the post-World War II period. Bilateral initiatives tended to be viewed as a diversion of institutional energies, and as counterproductive to the overall strategy.
Internal Jugular Microembolic Signal Detection in a Patient with Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism

A 40-year-old woman with prior history of headaches, left-sided weakness, and diplopia was diagnosed with right sigmoid and transverse sinus thrombosis; increased intracranial pressure and associat...
Quantization and other nonlinear effects in the LMS adaptive algorithm

Quantization effects in the complexlms adaptive algorithm are studied for two cases. For frequency domain adaptation, the complex scalarlms algorithm is analyzed by modeling the accumulator input quantizer as a memoryless nonlinearity. For time domainlms adaptation, weight vector adaptation is studied by adding of dither. The dither linearizes the rounding quantizer at each accumulator input. The effects of both the dither and quantization noise on algorithm performance are studied. Results are also presented for an arbitrary nonlinear operation on the data input to the weight update for the real lms algorithm with a gaussian data model. Difference equations are derived and solved for the weight first and second moments. The solutions are used to minimize the mean square error over the choice of nonlinearity for a fixed transient behaviour.
Economic Links with Law

Elsewhere (Kevelson 1987) I have proposed a semiotic approach to economics and have examined some of Peirce’s most significant and, to date, neglected ideas on the relation between money and value, that is, on the correspondence between a free market and freedom as the summum bonum.
From advanced Cobol to data, file and object structures

This paper discusses similarities and differences in teaching the CIS-3 course, Applications Programming Development II (often called Advanced COBOL), in the DPMA CIS'81 curriculum and the IS 2002.5 course (to which it morphed), Programming, Data, File and Object Structures, in the IS 2002 Curriculum. The paper presents a conceptual basis for describing the changes in teaching file management in IS curriculums over the past 25 years. Then, options used in teaching both CIS-3 and IS2002.5 are discussed, and a new approach is proposed for teaching the Programming, Data, File and Object Structures course that centers on a set of small projects. The new approach captures much of the spirit of the old CIS-3 course while covering topics that are more relevant to modern business programming.
Formalizing Generation and Transformation in Design

This paper is an integration of two substantial endeavours. One is a general purpose 3D modelling system, ICE that introduces a new notation and an entire family of graphic design functionalities based on generative structures and manipulation handles. The other is an exhaustively annotated design studio, in which the entire graphic output of students and the annotations of their faculty have been ethnographically recorded. In this paper, we are using the ICE notation to represent the key graphic products of a selected student and the transformation: between these representations. Our goal is to demonstrate that, through ICE’s formal notation (1) graphic entities in complex design sequence can be unambiguously represented, (2) transformations between graphic entities in complex design sequence can be unambiguously represented, and (3) the various design sequences can be formally captured for subsequent process or cognitive analysis
Medical error reporting, culture, and infrastructure.

245Background: Much work has focused on the importance of culture as a key factor in advancing the patient safety discussion. No assumption can be made that a culture of safety equates to embracing...
Budget deficits in china: calculations, causes, and impacts

Since China began its market-oriented economic reform in 1979, government budget deficits have been a fact of life. On one hand, the share of resources owned or controlled by the government must be shrunk in order to create a favorable environment for the development of the market economy. On the other hand, the government still performs many responsibilities required by the traditional planed economy. After calculating government budget deficits and analyzing their causes, the article assesses the impacts of government budget deficits and predicts the future of deficits in China.
Fuzzy Logic Controller to Improve Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Performance

Electricity generated by the national grid may not reach certain remote areas; as a result, solar energy sources become critical especially in developing countries, where they can be used for lighting as well as for irrigation and water pumping systems. The electrical power produced by a photovoltaic generator (PVG) is highly dependent on solar radiation and to a lesser degree of temperature, but also on the load at its terminals and the overall aging of the system. For these reasons, the PVG can only provide maximum power for a particular voltage and a specific current. In order to better adapt to the variation of solar radiation, most control systems use algorithms for tracking the optimal operating point.In this paper, we present an application of an intelligent fuzzy logic controller (FLC) approach to improve the performance of a photovoltaic water pump system driven by an induction motor (IM). The simulation results show that optimization with the FLC has improved the efficiency of the overall system, thus the amount of water pumped per day.
“You remind me of a story that I’ve told a number of times”

In this chapter, we explore several interconnections of identity and face issues within personal experience narratives told by individuals with dementia. As an important background, we first situate the examination of narrative within what is called ‘long-term’ or ‘remote’ episodic memory (Tulving, Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory. Oxford: Academic, 1972) and Fivush’s (Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 599–582, 2011) notion of autobiographical memory. We then characterize three different aspects of narrative: multiparty co-constructions of co-membership through discursive displays of shared history, repeated tellings of generally well-crafted personal experience narratives, and tellings that involve the linguistic creation of relatively diminished storyworlds.
Density-matrix-renormalization-group study of a one-dimensional diatomic molecule beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

We study one-dimensional (1D) models of diatomic molecules where both the electrons and nuclei are treated as quantum particles, going beyond the usual Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The continuous system is approximated by a grid which computationally resembles a ladder, with the electrons living on one leg and the nuclei on the other. To simulate density-matrix renormalization group efficiently with this system, a three-site algorithm has been implemented. We also use a compression method to treat the long-range interactions between charged particles. We find that 1D diatomic molecules with spin-1/2 nuclei in the spin triplet state will unbind when the mass of the nuclei reduces to only a few times larger than the electron mass, while the molecule with nuclei in the singlet state always binds.
Impact of granule hydration on maize and wheat starch chemical reactivity at the granular and molecular levels

Abstract Granular and molecular reaction patterns of maize and wheat starches (normal and waxy genotypes) were investigated in relation to extent of granule hydration (equilibrated at 25, 55, 75, 86 or 100% relative humidity [RH]; moisture range ≈ 10–40 g/100 g starch) within a model reaction system utilizing a fluorescent reagent (5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein). The greatest incremental increase in granule hydration (49–80%) and overall extent of reaction (30-76-fold) occurred between 86 and 100% RH, likely accentuating the starch glass transition temperature (Tg), which was depressed to room temperature via gradual granule hydration. Under limited hydration conditions (25–86% RH; presumably below Tg), reaction was confined to granule surfaces, whereas under conditions of sufficient hydration/plasticization (100% RH; presumably above Tg), reaction occurred throughout the granule matrix, dramatically increasing reaction of amylose and amylopectin branch chains. For normal starches, amylose was more inert to reaction in low moisture conditions (25–87% RH), indicating either a lesser prevalence at granular surfaces or insufficient hydration to react. Waxy starches exhibited more homogenous granular reaction patterns and greater overall extents of reaction than their respective normal starch counterparts, due to reactivity differences amongst amylose and amylopectin medium and long chains. Findings also provide insights for manipulating granular/molecular reaction locale in “dry” starch modifications.
Associations Between Program-Level Abortion Training and Graduate Preparation for and Provision of Reproductive Care.

Background and objectives The role of training in the declining rate of family physicians' provision of women's reproductive health care is unclear. No requirements for abortion training exist, and curricula vary widely. This study assessed the impact of program-level abortion training availability on graduates' feelings of training adequacy and their postgraduate practice in reproductive health. Methods We conducted secondary analysis of graduate survey data from 18 family medicine residency programs in the Northwest categorized by whether or not their program routinely offered abortion training (opt out or elective rotation). We used bivariate analyses and logistic regression to compare groups on preparation for training and current clinical practice of women's health procedures. Results Six of 18 programs included in the study had routinely available abortion training for graduates (N=408). In bivariate analysis, these programs with routine abortion training had significantly more graduates who report feeling prepared to perform abortions (19% vs 10%; P=.01), but no difference in likelihood to provide abortion care postresidency compared to programs without routine abortion training. In adjusted analyses, graduates of programs with routine abortion training were significantly less likely to feel prepared for performing colposcopies (OR=0.45, 95% CI, 0.26-0.78; Pl.01) and to actually perform them in practice (OR=0.32, 95% CI, 0.18-0.57; Pl.001); all other differences are attenuated. Conclusions Program-level abortion training alone is not enough to overcome the systems- and individual-level barriers to increasing the numbers of trained family medicine residency graduates who provide abortion care and other reproductive care in practice. More must be done to create opportunities for family physicians interested in providing full-spectrum care in their postgraduate practices to be able to do so.
GCN5 HAT inhibition reduces human Burkitt lymphoma cell survival through reduction of MYC target gene expression and impeding BCR signaling pathways

GCN5, the catalytic subunit in the acetyltransferase modules of SAGA and ATAC, functions as a coactivator of gene transcription. The SAGA complex is recruited to chromatin by transcription factors such as MYC and E2F1 to facilitate acetylation of histones, especially H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma driven by the overexpression of MYC. Comparison of GCN5 expression in normal human B cells versus human Burkitt Lymphoma cell lines indicates overexpression of GCN5 in lymphoma. Treatment of Burkitt lymphoma cell lines with a specific inhibitor indicates that decreased GCN5 HAT activity reduces viability and proliferation of these cells. Inhibition of GCN5 HAT activity also induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Expression of MYC target genes as well as genes associated with B cell receptor signaling are significantly downregulated upon inhibition of GCN5 enzymatic activity. This downregulation leads to diminished PI3K signaling, a critical pathway in lymphomagenesis. Our data indicate that inhibition of GCN5 HAT activity reduces the tumorigenic properties of human Burkitt lymphoma cells by attenuating BCR signaling and that GCN5 may be a viable target for lymphoma drug therapy.
Neurological Emergencies from Prescription Drugs

As our knowledge and understanding of medicine has expanded, the pharmacologic options to manage and treat disease have as well. Many patients are prescribed one or more medications for management of acute and chronic medical conditions, each associated with its own potential adverse effects. The brain and neurologic system as a whole can sometimes be affected by direct toxicity, withdrawal, or the adverse effects of these medications. Prompt recognition and appropriate intervention is necessary in order to reverse or prevent ongoing clinical decline. Particularly challenging is the situation where a medication is having the desired effect systemically, but is causing simultaneous neurotoxicity, where cessation of the medication can worsen serious illness, but continuation may result in permanent or potentially catastrophic neurologic injury. In this chapter we will review common neurologic complications secondary to toxicities, withdrawal, or adverse effects of prescription medications.
Long-term Impact of Middle Ear Effusion in Pediatric Tympanostomy Tubes.

Objectives/hypothesis Bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement (BMT) is the most common pediatric surgery in the United States. Intraoperative middle ear effusion (MEE) is a risk factor for future BMTs in children with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM). However, the impact of the type of MEE is unknown. Here, we assess otologic outcomes based on intraoperative MEE type and indication for surgery. Study design Case series chart review. Methods After institutional review board approval, we performed a review of children undergoing BMTs between 2008 and 2009. Included patients had their first BMT, preoperative visit, and an operative report. Patients with cleft palate or Down syndrome were excluded. Indications for surgery included RAOM and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). Other variables evaluated were future BMT, acquired cholesteatoma, and otorrhea. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results Out of 1,045 patients reviewed, 680 were included and underwent their first BMT. There were 619 patients who had RAOM. Serous effusions were present in 22.2%, mucoid in 31.3%, purulent in 12.9%, undocumented or bloody in 2.3% of patients, and 31.2% of patients had dry middle ears. Moreover, 22.7% of patients underwent future BMTs. In RAOM patients, serous effusions decreased odds of perforation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.195, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0438-0.867, P = .032), and purulent effusions increased the odds of in-office otorrhea suctioning (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.20-3.77, P = .010) compared to dry. Mucoid effusions had no significant effect on outcomes in COME or RAOM patients. Conclusions Intraoperative MEEs were noted in 68.7% of cases; purulent effusions increase the odds of in-office suctioning in RAOM patients. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E993-E997, 2021.
Salvage Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent Intracranial Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A 36-Year Saga

Background Management of intracranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis generally includes surgical resection. Case Description A female patient with a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis developed multiple brain lesions. As part of her multimodality treatment, she underwent Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery on 4 occasions over a 20-year period. All tumors showed significant shrinkage on serial imaging after initially demonstrating a transient expansion. No permanent postradiosurgery complications occurred. Conclusions As part of multimodality management of this recurrent and refractory disease, Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery should be considered an important salvage option that can control local disease and obviate the need for invasive surgery.
Cis-regulatory units of grass genomes identified by their DNA methylation.

With the large number of genomes currently being sequenced, detailed annotation of these sequences has now become the bottleneck of genome analysis. Identification of protein-coding genes and transposable elements is easy compared with the difficult task of annotating the regulatory regions upstream of core promoters. These regions are relatively small and do not have obvious features such as open reading frames (ORFs), slowing their discovery. Promoter regulatory regions (termed cis-regulatory units) can be located at a far distance from the core promoters and ORFs they control. For example, an enhancer region of the maize b1 gene was mapped to ∼100 kb upstream of the ORF (1). ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) is a technique that has been adopted to identify the genome-wide set of cis-regulatory units (2⇓–4). This technique locates the regions of accessible chromatin within and upstream of core promoters. These accessible chromatin regions are important because they are the sites of protein binding (including transcription factors) and chromosome looping associated with promoter activity (including distal enhancers) (5⇓–7). The weakness of ATAC-seq is that the regulatory units identified are tissue specific: they differ between each cell type, developmental stage, and treatment/condition as the genes expressed vary (8). Therefore, identifying … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: kslotkin{at}danforthcenter.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1