cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
mmWave Beamforming using Photonic Signal Processing for Future 5G Mobile Systems

We propose a photonic signal processing technique enabling reconfigurable multiple mmWave-beam forming for 5G cellular systems. We demonstrate the beamforming capability with a 4-by-4 patch array antenna, achieving 15-dBi antenna gain and 8-Gbps throughput.
Impact of compositional gradients on selectivity of dissolvable support structures for directed energy deposited metals

Abstract Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have many important applications due to their ability to possess vastly different material properties across the gradient. Recent work on dissolvable supports in stainless steel components fabricated using directed energy deposition (DED) show the utility of exploiting differences in the corrosion suseptibility in FGM metals. In order to better control the feature resolution of DED dissolvable supports, it is first necessary to understand how dilution and mixing within the gradient impact the local corrosion susceptibility and etch rates. In this work, FGMs with varying numbers of tracks and layers were fabricated onto a 304 stainless steel build plate; first one to three layers of 91 carbon steel followed by one to ten layers of 431 stainless steel. Metallography, potentiodynamic polarization plots, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and 3D contact profilometry data were collected to show that mixing within the gradient is very inhomogeneous. Incomplete mixing is observed throughout individual tracks along with widely varying composition and material properties from track-to-track, even within a single track. This paper demonstrates that the impact of incomplete mixing and composition gradients within a layer must be considered for DED-fabricated FGM dissolvable supports.
POTENCIES OF “MU” AND “KAPPA” AGONISTS ON SMOOTH MUSCLE PREPARATIONS RELATIVE TO DISPLACEMENT OF 3H-ETORPHINE IN ISOLATED RAT BRAIN NEURAL MEMBRANES

3H-Etorphine binds to sites in isolated rat brain neural membranes which most closely resemble the opiate receptors stimulated by “mu” agonists in the mouse vas deferens.
Determining the loci of anomalies using minimal causal models

Any attempt to introduce automation into the monitoring of complex physical systems must start from a robust anomaly detection capability. This task is far from straightforward, for a single definition of what constitutes an anomaly is difficult to come by. In addition, to make the monitoring process efficient, and to avoid the potential for information overload on human operators, attention focusing must also be addressed. When an anomaly occurs, more often than not several sensors are affected, and the partially redundant information they provide can be confusing, particularly in a crisis situation where a response is needed quickly. The focus of this paper is a new technique for attention focusing. The technique involves reasoning about the distance between two frequency distributions, and is used to detect both anomalous system parameters and "broken" causal dependencies. These two forms of information together isolate the locus of anomalous behavior in the system being monitored.
Stealth probing: efficient data-plane security for IP routing

IP routing is notoriously vulnerable to accidental misconfiguration and malicious attack. Although secure routing protocols are an important defense, the data plane must be part of any complete solution. Existing proposals for secure (link-level) forwarding are heavy-weight, requiring cryptographic operations at each hop in a path. Instead, we propose a light-weight data-plane mechanism (called stealth probing) that monitors the availability of paths in a secure fashion, while enabling the management plane to home in on the location of adversaries by combining the results of probes from different vantage points (called Byzantine tomography). We illustrate how stealth probing and Byzantine tomography can be applied in today's routing architecture, without requiring support from end hosts or internal routers.
vivendo de hora em hora: sobre a geração mimeógrafo brasileira & a Nuvem Cigana

Bearing in mind the Brazilian dictatorial regime (1964-1985) and the consequences of its governance, the ‘geracao dita marginal’ tried to get rid of the artificial machinations and tried to dissolve the trauma of a young generation disturbed by the limitation of their experiences, especially when exposed to the values of counterculture. This article intends to reflect about the (con)text of the “geracao mimeografo” ("Mimeograph Generation", out-of-the-mainstream poets of the time who used the mimeograph machine to print texts), and to show how this poetry, produced by "thousand hands", borrowing Cacaso’s expression, challenged the poet's authorial figure and the political and ideological panorama of the 70's in Brazil.
Counteracting Resistance to BRAF V600E Mutation in Melanoma Using Dietary Polyphenols

Abstract Melanoma is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Mutation of valine-to-glutamic acid substitution at position 600 (V600) in the BRAF gene occurs in ~ 75% of melanoma cases. This mutation constitutively activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, originally known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK) pathway, presenting a therapeutic target amenable to adjunctive or complementary management options. Preclinical/clinical studies of BRAF inhibitors show therapeutic promise, illustrated by the FDA-approved Zelboraf for the treatment of metastatic melanoma harboring the V600E mutation. However, resistance to Zelboraf and other V600E mutation targeting drugs has been observed in some patients. We hypothesize that it is possible to counteract the observed V600E mutation drug resistance using diet-derived polyphenols cotargeting the inhibition of MEK1 (MAPK/ERK activating kinase) and MAPK/ERK. An intervention “cocktail” comprising dietary polyphenols may be suggested for development as “low bioactivity-less resistance inducing” adjunctive treatment of melanoma.
Diagnostically relevant updates to the 2017 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms

Abstract The recent 2017 WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues contains a number of updates under the category of lymphoid neoplasms. These changes include introduction of new entities, amended classification or terminology, and addition of newly discovered diagnostic and molecular features. In this review, we perform a focused, concise summary of selected lymphoid neoplasms and discuss changes in their classification. Rather than a comprehensive overview, we place specific emphasis on important and diagnostically relevant aspects of each entity that are novel or different from the previous WHO iteration and bring the practicing pathologist quickly up to speed with the updated classification.
Proceedings of the 34th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to PLDI 2013, the 34th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI is the premier research conference on programming languages and their implementation. This year's program includes research papers, tutorials, keynotes, a Student Research Competition (SRC), a Fun and Interesting Thoughts (FIT) session, and several co-located conferences (SAS, ISMM, and LCTES) and workshops (PASTE, PLAS, SOAP, MSPC, X10, SASB, TAPAS, SSP, PSY, and PLOOC). PLDI 2013 received a record 267 submissions, of which 46 were selected for presentation, an acceptance rate of 17%. Reviewing was "first read double-blind", meaning that author identities were withheld from reviewers until they submitted an initial review, to avoid potential bias. Together, the 31 members of the Program Committee (PC), the 66 members of the External Review Committee (ERC), and 40 additional outside reviewers wrote over 1000 reviews. Authors were given the opportunity to comment on these reviews during the January 15-18 rebuttal period. Over 1000 messages were contributed by the PC and ERC during the January 19-30 on-line discussion period. Subsequently, the program committee met for two days at the University of California, Santa Cruz, to select the final program. For submissions co-authored by a PC member, reviewing was done exclusively by the ERC and outside reviewers, and acceptance required a consensus among reviewers that the submission was in the top 80% of accepted PLDI papers from prior years.
Self-Evaluation and Depressive Symptoms: A Latent Variable Analysis of Self-Esteem, Shame-Proneness, and Self-Criticism

This paper examined the unique associations of latent self-esteem with symptoms of depression, over-and-above latent shame-proneness (study 1) and latent self-criticism (study 2), among two samples of undergraduate students. In study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed convergent and discriminant validity for most measures of shame-proneness and self-esteem. Shame-proneness and self-esteem (taken separately) were strongly related to depressive symptoms. Controlling for each other, self-esteem but not shame-proneness remained associated with depressive symptoms. In study 2, CFA showed convergent validity but not discriminant validity for measures of self-criticism and low self-esteem. Self-esteem and self-criticism (taken separately) were strongly related to depressive symptoms. Controlling for each other, however, neither construct was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that (a) self-esteem and shame-proneness have good discriminant validity, (b) self-esteem is uniquely related to depressive symptoms above and beyond shame-proneness, and (c) self-report measures of self-criticism and self-esteem have poor discriminant validity.
Longitudinal effects of interoceptive awareness training through mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy (MABT) as an adjunct to women's substance use disorder treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Training in interoceptive awareness is a promising behavioral approach for improving substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This study examined the longitudinal effects of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT) as an adjunct to women's SUD treatment. MABT teaches interoceptive awareness skills to promote self-care and emotion regulation. Methods Women in intensive outpatient treatment for SUD at three community clinics were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three study conditions Treatment as Usual (TAU) + MABT, TAU + Women's Health Education (WHE), and TAU only. Four assessments were delivered over one year (N = 187) baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to examine primary outcome of percent days abstinent from substance use, and secondary outcomes of emotion dysregulation, craving, psychological distress, mindfulness and interoceptive awareness. Changes in outcomes across time were assessed using multilevel mixed effects linear regression. Results Substance use improved significantly for MABT vs. TAU at 6 months and 12 months. Positive longitudinal effects on secondary outcomes for MABT were evident on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological index of emotion regulation; on craving; and on interoceptive awareness skills. Analyses based on participants who completed >75% of the intervention sessions revealed additional immediate significant improvements for MABT vs. TAU and WHE on depressive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties and longitudinal improvement on mindfulness skills. Conclusions Results show MABT to be efficacious for longitudinal health outcomes to support women's recovery as an adjunct to community-based SUD treatment.
UML Profiling for Software Systems in Medical Device Manufacturing

Quality is a major concern in Medical Device Manufacturing (MDM). Conformance with prevailing regulatory standards is of profound importance in MDM. Due to critical nature and dependability of the domain, development of Workflow management information systems (WMIS) that truly depict the domain concepts along with the associated quality and regulatory parameters could be a challenging task. A Medical Device (MD) is not considered acceptable unless a documented conformance evidence is provided which supports the adequacy of the medical product to be used for its intended purpose. Therefore, WMIS for these manufacturing setups must provide an argumentative linkage between the development processes and corresponding regulatory requirements. In this paper, we have proposed a UML Profile Architecture for development of WMIS for medical device manufacturing setups. A case study from MD industry is included to discuss the benefit and applicability of the proposed methodology in detail.
Tumor Volume Useful Beyond Classic Criteria in Selecting Larynx Cancers For Preservation Therapy

Objective To investigate the association between tumor volume and locoregional failure (LRF) after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for locally advanced larynx cancer (LC). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2014 identified from an institutional review board-approved registry. Fifty-nine of 68 patients with locally advanced larynx cancer treated with definitive CCRT who had available imaging for review were identified. The main endpoint to be assessed was the association between gross tumor volumes (GTV; T = total, P = primary, N = nodal) and LRF. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate diagnostic accuracy. Results Twenty LRFs were observed, resulting in a 2-year LRF rate of 39% (95% CI, 23-52%). On UVA, the GTV-T (P = .01), GTV-P (P = .05), and GTV-N (P = .04) were statistically significant predictors of LRF. Furthermore, age, smoking status, N-stage, larynx subsite, and tracheostomy/feeding tube dependence were potentially associated with LRF (P 12 cc was 64.2% and ≤ 12 cc was 16.4%, P = .006. Conclusion GTV is associated with LRF after definitive CCRT for LC. Patients with bulky primary and/or nodal tumors may be better served with upfront surgical resection regardless of T-stage. Further investigation into the safety of larynx preservation for low-volume T4 tumors can be considered. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2372-2377, 2020.
Chronic kidney disease and kidney stones.

Purpose of review Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney stones are major public health problems, which are closely interrelated. Recurrent kidney stones predispose to CKD although CKD seems to decrease risk of further kidney stone formation. Herein, we review new information of this interrelationship. Recent findings Several epidemiological studies in the past have shown an association between history of kidney stones and risk for CKD and CKD progression. Recent literature supports this concept and it is reviewed in this article. The issue of whether CKD protects against new kidney stone formation remains unsettled and there is no recent literature addressing it. In relation to stone risk factors in CKD, there are several interesting new articles that discuss mechanisms of hypocitraturia in early CKD before overt metabolic acidosis. Since hypocitraturia is an important risk factor for kidney stone formation we addressed these new data in detail. There are also new data supporting urinary oxalate excretion as a predictor of CKD progression. Summary It seems clear that recurrent kidney stones should be avoided not only because of their immediate clinical manifestations but also because of their long-term predisposition to CKD progression. Mechanisms leading to hypocitraturia in early CKD still remain controversial.
A kinesin adapter directly mediates dendritic mRNA localization during neural development in mice.

Motor protein-based active transport is essential for mRNA localization and local translation in animal cells, yet how mRNA granules interact with motor proteins remains poorly understood. Using an unbiased yeast two–hybrid screen for interactions between murine RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and motor proteins, here we identified protein interaction with APP tail-1 (PAT1) as a potential direct adapter between zipcode-binding protein 1 (ZBP1, a β-actin RBP) and the kinesin-I motor complex. The amino acid sequence of mouse PAT1 is similar to that of the kinesin light chain (KLC), and we found that PAT1 binds to KLC directly. Studying PAT1 in mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures from both sexes and using structured illumination microscopic imaging of these neurons, we observed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances co-localization of dendritic ZBP1 and PAT1 within granules that also contain kinesin-I. PAT1 is essential for BDNF-stimulated neuronal growth cone development and dendritic protrusion formation, and we noted that ZBP1 and PAT1 co-locate along with β-actin mRNA in actively transported granules in living neurons. Acute disruption of the PAT1–ZBP1 interaction in neurons with PAT1 siRNA or a dominant-negative ZBP1 construct diminished localization of β-actin mRNA but not of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) mRNA in dendrites. The aberrant β-actin mRNA localization resulted in abnormal dendritic protrusions and growth cone dynamics. These results suggest a critical role for PAT1 in BDNF-induced β-actin mRNA transport during postnatal development and reveal a new molecular mechanism for mRNA localization in vertebrates.
Sustained remission of child depression despite drift in parent emotion management skills 18 weeks following Parent Child Interaction Therapy: emotion development.

Whether effects of psychotherapies for depression are sustained after treatment is an important clinical issue. In older depressed children and adolescents such treatments have been shown to be sustained for several months. Rates of remission ranged from 62–69% at 3 months–1 year in one large scale study. To date there has been no data to inform whether the effects of earlier interventions for depression in the preschool period are sustained. To address this, we used data from a randomized controlled trial of a novel early intervention for depression called “Parent Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development” (PCIT-ED) that has shown efficacy for depression, parenting stress and parenting practices. Participants and their caregivers were re-assessed 18 weeks after treatment completion. All study procedures were approved by the Washington University School of Medicine Internal Review Board prior to data collection. Study findings demonstrated a high rate of sustained gains in remission from depression, decreased parenting stress and parental depression 18 weeks after completion of a trial of PCIT-ED in a population of young children. Parental response to the child expression of emotion, a key treatment target drifted back towards baseline after 3 months. Relapse rates were 17% and predictors of relapse were the presence of an externalizing disorder, a higher number of co-morbid disorders and poorer guilt reparation and emotion regulation measured at treatment completion. This extends the body of literature demonstrating parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) to have sustained effects on targeted disruptive symptom profiles to early childhood depression. This relatively low relapse rate after 18 weeks is comparable or better than many empirically proven treatments for depression in older children.
Gendered tri-racial stratification and health disparities.

Abstract Despite extensive evidence confirming racial and gender health disparities, little research considers how race theory might aid in understanding these patterns. Using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), this study fills this void by integrating two research areas—sociology of race and medical sociology—to assess the utility of Bonilla-Silva's tri-racial stratification perspective in predicting health patterns. More specifically, I address the following questions: is the tri-racial stratification thesis aligned with the health profiles of racial groups in the U.S.? Does the applicability of this perspective differ for women and men? Last, do the health patterns suggested by tri-racial stratification persist after adjusting for social factors (socioeconomic status and social support) often invoked to explain health disparities? Results indicate that the racial patterning of life-threatening conditions lend partial support for tri-racial stratification for women and men. Self-rated health findings yield counterintuitive patterns. Furthermore, social factors do not explain the majority of ethnic differences in health. Research and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
On Controllability of Hybrid Systems

In this article, we investigate controllability of hybrid systems. We use hybrid machines to model such hybrid systems. The model consists of an automaton and a linear time-invariant system. The control goal is to drive the continuous state from any initial state to any final state. To achieve this goal, controls at both the discrete-event level and the continuous-variable level are used. Control at the discrete-event level can force some forcible events, and disable some controllable events. For the case that all events are controllable and forcible, and the graph of the automaton is strongly connected, a necessary and sufficient condition for controllability is obtained, using some existing results on controllability of switched linear systems. For three other cases, sufficient conditions are derived. If a hybrid system is not controllable, we design a supervisor to control the discrete-event part to ensure that the system becomes controllable after some finite transitions if possible. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for such a discrete-event control to exist.
'Rhetoric without reality' or effective policing strategy? An analysis of the relationship between community policing and police fatal force

•Permanent beat proportion is associated with higher rates of police fatal force.•Community training for recruits is associated with higher rates of fatal force.•Problem solving partnerships are not significant when outliers are removed.•No other community policing measures were significantly related to fatal force.
Perturbation of the primary acceptor chlorophyll site in the heliobacterial reaction center by coordinating amino acid substitution.

Abstract All known Type I photochemical reaction center protein complexes contain a form of the pigment chlorophyll a in their primary electron acceptor site (termed ec3). In the reaction center from the primitive heliobacteria (HbRC), all of the pigment cofactors are bacteriochlorophyll g except in the ec3 sites, which contain 81-hydroxychlorophyll a. To explore the energetic flexibility of this site, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on two of the amino acids of the PshA core polypeptide responsible for coordinating the 81-hydroxychlorophyll a. These two amino acids are serine-545, which coordinates the central Mg(II) through an intermediary water molecule, and serine-553, which participates in a hydrogen bond with the 131-keto O atom. Mutagenesis of serine-545 to histidine (S545H) changes how the chlorophyll's central Mg(II) is coordinated, with the result of decreasing the chlorophyll's site energy. Mutagenesis of serine-545 to methionine (S545M), which was made to mimic the ec3 site of Photosystem I, abolishes chlorophyll binding and charge separation altogether. Mutagenesis of serine-553 to alanine (S553A) removes the aforementioned hydrogen bond, increasing the site energy of the chlorophyll. In the S545H and S553A mutants, the forward and reverse electron transfer rates from ec3 are both faster. This coincides with a decrease in both the quantum yield of initial charge separation and the overall photochemical quantum yield. Taken together, these data indicate that wild-type HbRC is optimized for overall photochemical efficiency, rather than just for maximizing the forward electron transfer rate. The necessity for a chlorophyll a derivative at the ec3 site is also discussed.
Epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema: a single tertiary centre experience of 180 cases.

PURPOSE To characterize the epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema. METHODS Retrospective case series. Medical records from patients with traumatic and spontaneous hyphema seen at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins, from 2011 through 2017 were evaluated. Aetiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, management and outcomes were ascertained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), rebleeding and poor outcome (final visual acuity ≤ 20/40) in traumatic hyphema. A safe frequency of follow-up was retrospectively determined. RESULTS Traumatic hyphema (n = 152) was more common in males (78%) and adults (55%), with sports/recreational activities being the most frequent cause (40%). Elevated IOP was the most common complication (39%). Rebleeding occurred in seven patients (5%) and was more likely with a higher IOP on presentation (OR:1.1; p = 0.004). Thirty-seven patients (24%) had a poor outcome, mostly due to traumatic sequelae such as cataract (32%) or posterior segment involvement (30%). A poor outcome was more likely with worse presenting visual acuity (OR: 9.1; p = 0.001), rebleeding (OR: 37.5; p = 0.035) and age > 60 years (OR: 16.0; p = 0.041). Spontaneous hyphema (n = 28) did not have a gender predominance and was more common in adults > 60 years (71%). The most common cause was iris neovascularization (61%). Complications and visual outcomes were worse compared with traumatic hyphema. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic hyphema continues to be common in young males engaging in sports, necessitating increased awareness for preventive eyewear. Older age and rebleeding can lead to poor outcomes. Elevated IOP at presentation predisposes to rebleeding and warrants frequent follow-up. Otherwise, routine follow-up at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 is sufficient for uncomplicated cases.
Nordic social democrats: Still Europe's progressive vanguards?

In this paper, I consider the current situation in both historical and comparative context We could think about at least two broad dimensions that impact upon the future of Nordic Social Democratic parties Firstly, there are challenges that relate to the changing context within which the parties find themselves This includes contextual shifts both at the domestic and international level These could be thought of, for instance, in terms of changing societal structures that affect the class‐dimensions of voting in national elections or the general voter fragmentation and the recent shift to the right in many European countries Secondly, there are issues that are linked to wider electoral strategy In this, agency plays an important role Most obviously, this could be understood as an issue of leadership, which is essentially about strategy in terms of how the party reacts to the structural challenges In this regard, we need to also think about the realm of ideas as a key factor The decisions a party takes in addressing the structural challenges are often also linked to a wider set of coherent norms and values, or key ideas, the party represents Here there is an important analytical difference between ideas as slightly more abstract or higher worldviews and the more practical ideas that are concrete solutions to concrete policy problems, informed by the wider worldviews The Covid‐19 crisis has made the policy environment even more complex and uncertain also in the Nordic countries While it is impossible to say yet if the current crisis can benefit certain parties more than others, it is clear that the Nordic welfare model has played a key role in managing the immediate healthcare crisis and traditional social democratic countercyclical fiscal policies might also be in high demand during the post‐crisis economic recovery
Pattern similarity profiling using semi-supervised learning algorithm

Two-dimensional pattern matching libraries are used to define known hotspots in the design space. These libraries can then be integrated into a physical design router to search and fix such hotspots prior to the design being completed and signed off. The task of searching for similar patterns to the known hotspot involves a significant manual effort in pattern match library development. This paper demonstrates an automated and comprehensive approach to profile the available design space for similar topological patterns based on the known hotspot and automatically generate a comprehensive master pattern library to fix and address the hotspot issue. This paper presents a semi-supervised learning algorithm for developing pattern similarity metric for pattern similarity ranking and clustering.
Conclusion: What Is to Be Done?

Is NPR, having weathered political assaults for half a century, eternal? The conclusion surveys a range of policy options from left, right, and the independent center. In an age of Sirius radio, online streaming, and a Podcast in every earbud, even NPR's friends are proposing reformation, sometimes along the lines of those early apostles of educational radio. Meanwhile, those who view it as superfluous, didactic, or unconstitutional have renewed their efforts to end once and for all the federal subsidy of public radio. Those weather forecasts to Midwestern farmers are a thing of the past. But has federally subsidized educational radio also outlived its usefulness? And even if it has, has it become politically impregnable?
Prognosticating survival of pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) by grade

Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) are a rare group of pineal parenchymal tumors classified by histology as either World Health Organization (WHO) Grades 2 or 3. The rarity of these tumors in adults has left a number of clinical management questions open. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to aggregate a large PPTID cohort with sufficient statistical power from a large national cancer database to analyze prognostic parameters. All PPTID patients aged over 18 years in the U.S. National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were summarized and survival was modeled using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 103 adult PPTID patients were identified in the NCDB with 63 (61%) WHO Grade 2 and 40 (39%) WHO Grade 3 tumors. Overall, mean age was 53 ± 18 years with even gender distribution. A total of 75 (73%) patients underwent surgical resection for diagnosis, with gross total resection (GTR) was the most common resection outcome in 50/75 (67%). Chemotherapy was utilized in 18 (17%) patients, and radiation therapy in 37 (36%) patients. Overall, 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 54% (95% CI 42–64%), with mean survival was 84 (95% CI 69–99) months. Patients with Grade 2 tumors survived statistically longer than Grade 3 tumor counterparts (P < 0.01). Overall, older age (HR 1.09, P < 0.01) was associated with shorter survival, whereas GTR (HR 0.43, P = 0.02) was associated with longer survival. Both these parameters were significant within Grade 2 and Grade 3 subgroup analyses as well. PPTID are rare tumors with expected mean survival more than 5 years, although Grade 2 tumors are expected to survive longer than Grade 3 tumors. Age and gross total resection are significant independent predictors of survival in PPTID overall, as well as within Grade 2 and Grade 3 subgroups separately. The prognostic role and benefit of adjuvant therapy is yet to be elucidated, mandating more molecular and biologic research be done to further optimize clinical management in the future.
The impact of medical scribes on emergency physician diagnostic testing and diagnosis charting.

Objectives Since the widespread adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), medical scribes have been increasingly utilized in emergency department (ED) settings to offload the documentation burden of emergency physicians (EPs). Scribes have been shown to increase EP productivity and satisfaction; however, little is known about their effects on the EP's diagnostic process. We aimed to assess what effect, if any, scribes have on EP diagnostic test ordering and their documentation of differential diagnoses. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing a chart review to compare diagnostic practices of EPs working both with and without scribes. We analyzed the number of laboratory and radiologic diagnostic studies ordered per encounter as well as characteristics of differential diagnosis documentation. Results Scribes did not affect laboratory studies ordered per encounter (mean 6.31 by scribes vs. 7.35 by EPs, difference -1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.34 to 0.26) or radiologic studies ordered per encounter (mean 1.49 by scribes vs. 1.39 by EPs, difference 0.10; 95% CI -0.15 to 0.35). Scribes did not affect the frequency of documenting a differential diagnosis or the number of diagnoses considered in each differential, but they were associated with higher word counts in EP differentials (mean 72.29 by scribes vs. 50.00 by EPs, mean difference 22.79; 95% CI 6.77 to 38.81). Conclusions Scribe use does not appear to affect EP diagnostic test ordering but may have a small effect on their documentation of differential diagnoses.
Immune Checkpoint Ligand-Bioengineered Schwann Cells as Antigen-Specific Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Failure to establish immune tolerance leads to the development of autoimmune disease. The ability to regulate autoreactive T cells without inducing systemic immunosuppression represents a major challenge to develop new strategies to treat autoimmune disease. Here, we describe a translational method for bioengineering programmed death-ligand 1 and cluster of differentiation 86-functionalized mouse Schwann cells to prevent and ameliorate multiple sclerosis in established mouse models of chronic and relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show here that the intravenous administration of immune checkpoint ligand-functionalized mouse Schwann cells modifies the course of disease and ameliorates EAE. Further, we found that such bioengineered mouse Schwann cells inhibit the differentiation of myelin-specific helper T cells into pathogenic T helper type 1 and type 17 cells, promote the development of tolerogenic myelin-specific regulatory T cells and resolve inflammatory CNS microenvironments without inducing systemic immunosuppression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Human Hand Movement Kinematics and Kinesthesia

For reaching tasks, the human kinesthetic sensory system uses a trunk-fixed anterior/posterior (a-p) axis as a frame of reference in the horizontal plane. Hand motion is aligned more precisely to the a-p axis than to visually presented axes, and precision degrades with angular displacement from the a-p axis. The central nervous system’s need to perform coordinate transformations between the vision and kinesthetic systems explains this result. Also, kinesthetic perception of hand motion is more precise in the ipsilateral than in the contralateral hemifield, likely due to higher precision in sensing elbow flexion than shoulder rotation.
Prediction in Dynamic SDRAM Controller Policies

Memory access latency can limit microcontroller system performance. SDRAM access control policies impact latency through SDRAM device state. It is shown that execution time can be reduced by using a state machine which predicts, for each access, the policy which will minimize latency. Two-level dynamic predictors are incorporated into the SDRAM controller. A range of organizations for dynamic predictors are described, and the performance improvements predicted by simulation are compared using execution time and prediction accuracy as metrics. Results show that predictive SDRAM controllers, reduce execution time by 1.6% to 17% over static access control policies. The prediction accuracy of the best predictor results in 93% prediction accuracy, with 87% accuracy for OP state preferred accesses, and 96% for CPA state preferred accesses. Results show that execution time is strongly correlated to the prediction accuracy of OP, suggesting directions for future predictor development.
Differences in Sediment Supply to Braided and Single‐Thread River Channels: What Do the Data Tell Us?

Braided rivers are distinguished from their single-thread counterparts by high channel complexity (multiple bars per active channel width), and wide variations in flow properties and sediment flux. Presumably, braided river dynamics are driven by high rates of sediment supply, which force lateral instability and channel switching (Schumm, 1985; Church, 2006). The key problem highlighted by Metivier and Barrier (Chapter 34, this volume) is that, in most cases, we don’t know the sediment supply: in situmeasurements of sediment loads (bedload and suspended load) are taken at relatively few locations, thus the influence of sediment supply on channel pattern is not well understood. Consequently, the best we can do is to make inferences about the role of sediment supply based on relations between the more easily measured variables, such as discharge, slope, stream power, width–depth ratio and grain size. This approach has a long history, but it does not appear that the distinction between braided and meandering channel patterns is any clearer now than it was when Leopold and Wolman (1957) first defined such a threshold (see Lewin and Brewer, 2001, and subsequent discussion by van den Berg and Bledsoe, 2003). In order to move forward on this topic, we believe it is essential to incorporate information on sediment supply into the framework for analyzing changes in river channel patterns. It is not likely, however, that we (river scientists) will see an expansion in sediment sampling programs in the near future, thus we will need to develop and test alternative methods for estimating the sediment supply to rivers. In this chapter, we examine the variables governing bed material transport, and ask whether there are important differences in the individual terms –width, depth, slope, and grain size – that would help explain the transition from single-thread to braided channel patterns. We frame the discussion around a bedload transport equation and suggest that such an equation can be applied in the “forward” sense (Church, 2006) to estimate the sediment supply to rivers with different channel patterns. We do not discuss the alternative technique in which the sediment flux is back-calculated fromchanges in channel morphology – termed the “inverse problem” – as this approach is adequately described in a number of papers (Martin and Church, 1995; Lane et al., 1995; Ashmore and Church, 1998; Church, 2006).
Assessing the Oral English Abilities of International Teaching Assistants in the USA

This chapter focuses on an important problem at many US research universities: ensuring that the oral English skills of potential graduate teaching assistants can support the effective teaching of undergraduates. The chapter begins with a description of the problem, drawing from the author's experiences at a large public research university. This is followed by a review of available literature on the type and level of proficiency required of international teaching assistants (ITAs), which is quite different from that required of a typical university graduate student. The chapter briefly reviews some commonly used assessments for this purpose, and concludes with an in-depth discussion of the development and implementation of an authentic mock-teaching exam developed by the author and currently in use at two major American research universities. The aspects discussed include the scope of the problem; the type and level of language proficiency required for successful undergraduate teaching; the assessments or decision-making processes commonly used in this context; and common situational constraints that affect ITA assessment decisions and decision-making procedures. The chapter ends by considering how one large institution improved its assessment system and what the primary challenges were, and recommending best practices for institutions, based on the author's experiences. This chapter will be a useful reference and overview of the topic for those involved in ITA education and assessment programs at all levels, but particularly at large research institutions with many international graduate students. It will also be useful to those involved in other language for specific purposes (LSP) testing situations such as the assessment of health-care professionals’ English abilities. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Intercultural communication; Language for academic purposes; Language for specific purposes
An evaluation of the saliva prenatal sex test.

Abstract A brief review of the literature on the use of saliva in prenatal sex determination has been presented. Two series of cases have been reported using the Richardson and the Rapp-Richardson tests for prenatal sex determination. An over-all accuracy of 81 per cent was obtained. A plea for further study and possible modification of the test has been made.
Are penumbral filaments convection rolls

The occurrence of strong magnetic fields in dark filaments in sunspot penumbrae is shown to be only marginally consistent with the hypothesis of penumbral convection rolls. Convection rolls are not permitted if the field in dark filaments exceeds that in bright filaments by more than 2%. The upper limit to this excess may be as small as 0.8% if not in fact negative.
International Trade in Telecommunication Services: A Cross Sectional Gravity Regression

The gravity model has been successful in measuring the effects of institutions, trade barriers, and other characteristics on trade in goods. Kimura and Lee [2004] find the gravity model is also suitable for measuring trade in services. The Organization for Economic Co-Development [2009a] develop gravity models for pilot service sectors such as construction, computer, professional, and telecommunication services. The purpose of this paper is to extend the findings of the OECD paper for telecommunication services. The paper finds that a 10 percent increase in distance between countries will decrease imports by 11.77 percent. Imports of telecommunication services are influenced by sharing a common language, EU membership, but no relationship exists for sharing a common border. This paper also shows that countries with higher output will import more services and that the sector level of trade restrictiveness negatively effects service imports. The paper concludes with a survey of previous international negotiations on pro-competitive regulation of the telecommunications market.
Cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy: role of online and offline processing of single cell information.

Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and is often considered more detrimental to quality of life than seizures. While it has been previously shown that the encoding of memory during behavior is impaired in the pilocarpine model of TLE in rats, how this information is consolidated during the subsequent sleep period remains unknown. In this study, we first report marked deficits in spatial memory performance and severe cell loss in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus lower spatial coherence of firing in TLE rats. We then present the first evidence that the reactivation of behavior-driven patterns of activity of CA1 place cells in the hippocampus is intact in TLE rats. Using a template-matching method, we discovered that real-time (3–5 s) reactivation structure was intact in TLE rats. Furthermore, we estimated the entropy rate of short time scale (~250 ms) bursting activity using block entropies and found that significant, extended temporal correlations exist in both TLE and Control rats. Fitting a first order Markov Chain model to these bursting time series, we found that long sequences derived from behavior were significantly enriched in the Markov model over corresponding models fit on randomized data confirming the presence of replay in shorter time scales. We propose that the persistent consolidation of poor spatial information in both real-time and during bursting activity may contribute to memory impairments in TLE rats.
The Assumptive Roots of Empathic Listening: A Critique.

The concept of empathic listening has become a powerful force in interpersonal literature. However, the axiomatic commonness of the empathie premise has generated little critical examination of its presuppositions. This essay offers a critique of some basic empathie assumptions and suggests a direction for further inquiry. This work also provides the foundation for a companion article, “Interpretive Listening: An Alternative to Empathy,”; by John Stewart.
Increased extracellular release of hippocampal NE is associated with tetanization of the medial perforant pathway in the freely moving adult male rat

The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation is modulated by many afferent influences from a number of subcortical structures known to be intimately involved in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. It has been demonstrated in slice and anesthetized preparations that norepinephrine (NE) is one of these major neuromodulators involved in the induction of LTP. However, the majority of these studies have not been conducted in the freely moving animal. Recently, we developed surgical procedures and instrumentation techniques to simultaneously record electrophysiological and neurochemical data from the hippocampal formation. The present study uses these techniques to examine the underlying neurochemical changes in the hippocampus associated with the induction of hippocampal dentate LTP in the freely moving adult rat. These findings establish baseline levels of NE that can be used to evaluate the impact of various tetanization paradigms as well as the effect of a variety of insults on hippocampal plasticity.
Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in patients with ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma

Rose PG, Fusco N, Fluellen L, Rodriguez M. Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in patients with ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8:365–368. Platinum is the most active agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer and high response rates with platinum retreatment of patients with recurrent disease have been reported. However, cumulative toxicity of cisplatin and carboplatin allergic reactions may limit further therapy. We describe a retrospective review of patients developing carboplatin allergy from May 1995–May 1998. Fourteen patients with ovarian and peritoneal cancer with carboplatin allergy were identified. In all but one case, patients received paclitaxel immediately prior to the carboplatin therapy. Following carboplatin infusion durations of 5–60 min, patients developed symptoms of a cough, wheezing, flushing, angioedema, burning eyes, pruritus of the hands and tongue, and nausea. No deaths occurred. The median number of courses of carboplatin therapy before an allergic reaction occurred was 9 (range 2–14). Twelve patients were rechallenged with a platinum compound. The first patient was retreated with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 with only a minor allergic response controlled with diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The second patient was retreated with carboplatin but developed a recurrent allergic reaction despite premedication with steroids and diphenhydramine hydrochloride and a 4-hour carboplatin infusion. This patient was successfully rechallenged with a prolonged 16-h carboplatin infusion. Seven additional patients were treated successfully following premedication and the prolonged carboplatin infusion. However, 3 patients had recurrent severe carboplatin allergic reactions despite premedication and the prolonged carboplatin infusion. One of these patients was successfully retreated with cisplatin. Carboplatin allergies rarely have been reported and may be potentiated by coadministration of paclitaxel. Prolonged desensitization regimens are effective in the majority of patients with carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions. Alternatively, retreatment with cisplatin can be considered in the absence of cumulative cisplatin toxicity.