cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personas, Participatory Design and Product Development: An Infrastructure for Engagement

The design of commercial products that are intended to serve millions of people has been a challenge for collaborative approaches. The creation and use of fictional users, concrete representations commonly referred to as 'personas', is a relatively new interaction design technique. It is not without problems and can be used inappropriately, but based on experience and analysis it has extraordinary potential. Not only can it be a powerful tool for true participation in design, it also forces designers to consider social and political aspects of design that otherwise often go unexamined.
Total Quality Management: Overview

The philosophies of the quality discipline have been and are being established over a large period of our recent history by many contributors. How the profession defines “quality” has much to contribute to its fundamental philosophies. A comprehensive definition, suitable to the broad range of quality's involvement, is used in this paper to expose many of its philosophies. Keywords: aspects of quality; business excellence; CI ; common causes; competition; conservation; consumers; continuous improvement; cost reduction; design quality; environment; fact-based; FMEA ; government; innovation; ISO 14000; ISO 9000 quality management system; JIT ; Kaizen; leadership; learning organization; Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award; management; manufactured quality; metrology; operations; philosophy; process; productivity; profitability; profound knowledge; prosperity; QFD ; quality; quality defined; Six Sigma; special causes; strategic; strategy; suppliers; TQM
Detecting Influencers in Written Online Conversations

It has long been established that there is a correlation between the dialog behavior of a participant and how influential he or she is perceived to be by other discourse participants. In this paper we explore the characteristics of communication that make someone an opinion leader and develop a machine learning based approach for the automatic identification of discourse participants that are likely to be influencers in online communication. Our approach relies on identification of three types of conversational behavior: persuasion, agreement/disagreement, and dialog patterns.
Poly-tobacco use among HIV-positive smokers: implications for smoking cessation efforts.

INTRODUCTION Poly-tobacco use is defined as cigarette and other tobacco consumption with either product used daily or nondaily. While concurrent use of different types of tobacco has been documented within the general population, less is known about poly-tobacco use among HIV-positive smokers and its impact on smoking cessation efforts. OBJECTIVE To characterize the profile of poly-tobacco users (PTU) in a sample of HIV-positive smokers participating in a cessation program. METHODS The study sample consisted of 474 HIV-positive smokers enrolled in a 2-group randomized controlled trial of cigarette smoking cessation comparing a cell phone-based intervention to usual care. Prevalence was determined, and risk factors for poly-tobacco use were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS In this cohort of HIV-positive cigarette smokers, 21.6% of participants were PTU, with cigars (73.4%) the most common tobacco product consumed. Among PTU, 73.5% used other form(s) of tobacco some days, and 26.5% use them every day. Perceived discrimination and unemployment were significantly associated with poly-tobacco use after adjusting for other demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Analysis showed that participants in the cell phone group (vs. usual care) were more likely to report 24-hr abstinence, both among monocigarette users (16.6% vs. 6.3%, p < .001) and PTU (18.5% vs. 0%, p < .001). CONCLUSION Poly-tobacco use prevalence among adult HIV-positive smokers was considerably higher than in the general population. Special attention must be placed on concurrent use of cigarettes and cigars among HIV-positive smokers. Because PTU are a unique population less likely to succeed in brief smoking cessation interventions, effective cessation programs are needed.
A North Carolina experiment

State's Institute of Government, which began as a Law School teacher's dream, brings the classroom to local, county, and state officials a clearing house for ideas.
The Trinational Debate over Insanity and the Law in the 19th Century: Harris's Contribution

Writing about the legal status of insanity has become a cottage industry among historians of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France during the past 20 years. In all three nations, historians have discovered in the various relationships between law and insanity keys to shifting perceptions of human nature, conceptions of the ideal society, dominant community norms, and the exercise of power. Although a handful of older analyses already existed and still remain useful, the current burst of activity in this field, full of exciting implications and fiercely contested debates, seems to have been launched by books that documented the appearance near the end of the 18th century of insane asylums and their widespread adoption, some would say deliberate use, by state authorities beginning early in the 19th century. Why after centuries of indifference was society altering its attitudes toward, and hence its legal treatment of, those on the behavioral margins? Why was the state creating new public institutions to deal with them? In the United States this first phase of argument and discussion centered initially around David Rothman's controversial book The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic,' which suggested
Glycogen Synthase: An Old Enzyme with a New Trick

Phosphorylation of glycogen has been known for decades; however, the basic metabolic pathways responsible for this modification are unknown. In this issue, Tagliabracci et al. (2011) report the enzyme responsible for incorporating phosphate and the chemical nature of the phosphate linkage, providing a framework for expanding our understanding of a devastating form of epilepsy.
Racial disparities in motorcycle-related mortality: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank

Abstract Background Studies have shown racial disparities in outcomes after motor vehicle crashes; however, it is currently unknown if race impacts the likelihood of mortality after a motorcycle crash (MCC). The primary objective of this study was to determine if race is associated with MCC mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of MCCs included in the National Trauma Data Bank between 2002 and 2006. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for age, sex, insurance status, year, helmet use, and injury severity characteristics. Results Black patients had a 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.97) increased odds of mortality after a MCC, but were more likely to use a helmet (1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.43) compared with their white counterparts (n = 62,840). Conclusions Black motorcyclists appear more likely to die after a MCC compared with whites. Although the reasons for this disparity are unclear, these data suggest that resources beyond encouraging helmet use are necessary to reduce fatalities among black motorcyclists.
Polyimide defect reduction

The application of polyimide materials on ICs processes are widely accepted. They can be applied as passivation layer, alpha particle barrier, stress buffer and interlayer dielectric, etc. The polyimide materials presented in this article is a negative tone, photosensitive type I-line/G- line compatible polyimide. It is spin-coated onto passivation-etched wafers to form a thick stress buffer with initial thickness 9.5 micrometers after coated and final thickness around 5.0 micrometers after cured. The bonding pad is defined with reversed tone mask compare to passivation mask through exposure and development. In this article, the mechanisms of two types of polyimide defect formation are resolved. One is polyimide residue formed through atomization during rinsing and the other is polyimide bubble take place through chemical reaction of moisture with silicon coupler after coated.
Biography and Role Playing: Fostering Empathy in Abnormal Psychology.

In this article I describe a method of fostering empathy in undergraduate and graduate students of abnormal psychology. Students depicted a psychological disorder by writing a brief biography and t...
Publication and customization of electronic documents using PANDA

The publication of conference proceedings and technical journals generates the need for a consistent format or set of admissible formats, easily enforceable across the submissions of the authors. In this paper we present an approach for the integration of electronic documents, which is part of a system called PANDA. Our approach has benefits for editors, authors, and readers: it easily allows the editor to provide multiple user interfaces with minimal overhead, while the authors can present their submissions using any of the permitted different formats, and the readers can choose one of these formats or define their own. The customization of the layout as provided by PANDA goes beyond that provided by widely available tailorable interfaces, such as MyYahoo!. Currently our approach works on HTML files but is general enough to accommodate XML or other formats in the future.
RNA-Seq analysis identifies a novel set of editing substrates for human ADAR2 present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ADAR2 is a member of a family of RNA editing enzymes found in metazoa that bind double helical RNAs and deaminate select adenosines. We find that when human ADAR2 is overexpressed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae it substantially reduces the rate of cell growth. This effect is dependent on the deaminase activity of the enzyme, suggesting yeast transcripts are edited by ADAR2. Characterization of this novel set of RNA substrates provided a unique opportunity to gain insight into ADAR2's site selectivity. We used RNA-Seq. to identify transcripts present in S. cerevisiae subject to ADAR2-catalyzed editing. From this analysis, we identified 17 adenosines present in yeast RNAs that satisfied our criteria for candidate editing sites. Substrates identified include both coding and noncoding RNAs. Subsequent Sanger sequencing of RT-PCR products from yeast total RNA confirmed efficient editing at a subset of the candidate sites including BDF2 mRNA, RL28 intron RNA, HAC1 3'UTR RNA, 25S rRNA, U1 snRNA, and U2 snRNA. Two adenosines within the U1 snRNA sequence not identified as substrates during the original RNA-Seq. screen were shown to be deaminated by ADAR2 during the follow-up analysis. In addition, examination of the RNA sequence surrounding each edited adenosine in this novel group of ADAR2 sites revealed a previously unrecognized sequence preference. Remarkably, rapid deamination at one of these sites (BDF2 mRNA) does not require ADAR2's dsRNA-binding domains (dsRBDs). Human glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1) mRNA is a known ADAR2 substrate with similar flanking sequence and secondary structure to the yeast BDF2 site discovered here. As observed with the BDF2 site, rapid deamination at the GLI1 site does not require ADAR2's dsRBDs.
Cardiac myofilaments: From proteome to pathophysiology

This review addresses the functional consequences of altered post-translational modifications of cardiac myofilament proteins in cardiac diseases such as heart failure and ischemia. The modifications of thick and thin filament proteins as well as titin are addressed. Understanding the functional consequences of altered protein modifications is an essential step in the development of targeted therapies for common cardiac diseases.
ERPs to stimuli requiring response production and inhibition: effects of age, probability and visual noise

Abstract Sixty-six normal adults ranging in age from 20 to 85 years were presented with stimuli containing explicit instructions to initiate or to inhibit a motor response (the words ‘push’ or ‘wait’). In one task, the effect of stimulus probability was investigated by varying probability between 0.25 and 0.75 for both Go and No-go stimuli. In another task, the effect of visual noise was investigated by degrading the stimuli with ampersands on half of the trials. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of age on P3 amplitude and latency for each stimulus type. The effects of stimulus variables on P3, independent of age, were examined by standardizing each subject's data to those expected for a 20 year old. P3 latency to all stimuli and RT to Go stimuli increased with age. The latency of P3s to No-go stimuli was less sensitive to age than Go stimuli. P3 amplitude at Cz and Pz (but not Fz) diminished with age. P3s to Go stimuli were maximal at Pz and earlier than P3s to No-go stimuli. P3s to No-go stimuli were maximal at Cz. These differences between Go and No-go stimuli remained true under visual noise and probability manipulations. Visual noise prolonged the latency of Go and No-go P3. Less probable Go and No-go stimuli elicited larger and later P3s than more probable stimuli. Decreasing the probability of the No-go stimulus enhanced its central distribution.
Sorbent System Development for Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT In June of 1971, EPA awarded five research contracts designed to develop efficient unit operations for the removal of floating oil with the aid of sorbent materials. Each contract considered the following basic unit operations: Sorbent Broadcasting Oil-Sorbent Harvesting Oil-Sorbent Separation Vessel or Platform Configuration Oil Storage or Disposal Sorbent Reuse and/or Disposal Of the five contracts awarded, one involved the utilization of material handling systems for oil recovery use, one consisted of a study optimizing the broadcasting and harvesting of sorbents, one involved the in situ generation of foamed sorbent material, and two involved the use of specially designed platforms for the unit operations under consideration. Analysis of the research results indicate that mechanical sorbent systems can be used efficiently and effectively to recover spilled oil Recovery efficiencies better than 90 percent can be expected. Within design limitations, wave action will have little effect on oil-so...
Modified spontaneous emission from a two- dimensional photonic bandgap crystal slab

A two-dimensional photonic crystal patterned into a thin dielectric slab waveguide is shown to alter drastically the lifetime of spontaneous emission as well as the radiation pattern. This means that although the light extraction efficiency can be greatly enhanced, inhibited spontaneous emission within the photonic bandgap can result in low power output from such a structure. Strongly inhibited emission is found within the photonic bandgap as well as enhanced emission into the conduction band modes for certain geometries. Coupled with enhanced extraction efficiency in the photonic conduction band, this results in the possibility of a structure with increased total power efficiency.
Interpenetrating subsampling regression estimation with or without jackknifing

In this paper four regression estimators are considered for a finite population total based on interpenetrating subsamples, two of which are with jackknifing and the other two are without jackknifing. Both theoretical and empirical comparisons of the four proposed estimators are done with respect to bias, variance and mean square error.
Synthesis of Some 3H labeled 2′, 3′‐dideoxynucleosides of pharmacological interest

[Pyrimidine-5-3H]2′, 3′-dideoxycytidine and [ribose 2,3-3H]2′, 3′-dideoxyinosine are prepared by catalytic reduction with tritium gas. [Adenine-8-3H]2′3′-dideoxyadenosine is prepared by catalytic exchange with tritium gas. [Hypoxanthine-8-3H]2′,3′-dideoxyinosine is prepared by the action of adenosine deaminase on [adenine-8-3H]2′,3′-dideoxy-adenosine.
Inertia effects for slow forced scalar transfer from a sphere

The effect of small, but nonzero Reynolds number on forced scalar transfer from a spherical particle is considered. The analysis applies to the case of low Peclet number Pe and requires a Prandtl/Schmidt number of order one. For a droplet it is shown that a) inertia does not effect the average transfer before terms of order Pe2 and that b) the indirect effect of inertia, namely that due to drop deformation can be neglected at this order. The way in which these results were obtained makes it possible to apply them for encapsulated droplets and rigid spheres in slip flow, too.
Moving toward System Genetics through Multiple Trait Analysis in Genome-Wide Association Studies

Association studies are a staple of genotype-phenotype mapping studies, whether they are based on single markers, haplotypes, candidate genes, genome-wide genotypes, or whole genome sequences. Although genetic epidemiological studies typically contain data collected on multiple traits which themselves are often correlated, most analyses have been performed on single traits. Here, I review several methods that have been developed to perform multiple trait analysis. These methods range from traditional multivariate models for systems of equations to recently developed graphical approaches based on network theory. The application of network theory to genetics is termed systems genetics and has the potential to address long-standing questions in genetics about complex processes such as coordinate regulation, homeostasis, and pleiotropy.
Genetic Alterations in Gastric Adenomas of Intestinal and Foveolar Phenotypes

Gastric adenomas are unusual neoplasms that can constitute one of the direct precursors to gastric adenocarcinoma. Most gastric adenomas are comprised of polypoid projections of dysplastic epithelium with at least focal intestinal-type differentiation (containing goblet cells and/or Paneth cells), whereas adenomas comprised entirely of dysplastic foveolar-type epithelium are rare. It has been shown that nearly all intestinal-type adenomas arise in association with background intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy, approximately 40% harbor high-grade dysplasia, and nearly one fourth progress to adenocarcinoma. In contrast, foveolar-type adenomas tend to occur in otherwise normal, nonatrophic gastric mucosa and rarely harbor high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma. Potential differences in the genetic alterations between intestinal-type and foveolar-type gastric adenomas have not been systematically studied. We investigated 11 intestinal-type and 7 foveolar-type gastric adenomas (all from patients without familial adenomatous polyposis) for alterations in APC (using 5q allelic loss assays and direct DNA sequencing of the mutation cluster region), beta-catenin (using direct DNA sequencing of the phosphorylation region in exon 3), K-ras (using direct DNA sequencing of codons 12 and 13), and microsatellite instability (MSI; using fluorescent-based PCR amplification of a standard panel of 5 microsatellite markers). Overall, 10 of 11 (91%) intestinal-type adenomas harbored at least one detectable genetic alteration, whereas only 3 of 7 (43%) of foveolar-type adenomas did (P =.047). However, no statistically significant differences in any particular genetic alteration were found. Among intestinal-type adenomas, APC alterations were present in seven (64%), high-level MSI in three (27%), and K-ras mutations in two (18%). Among foveolar-type adenomas, APC alterations were present in three (43%) and a K-ras mutation in one of six amplifiable polyps (17%). Neither APC nor MSI correlated with the size of the adenoma, but K-ras mutations were found only in lesions of > or = 1 cm. beta-catenin mutations were not present in any gastric adenoma, irrespective of the presence or absence of APC alterations. These results suggest that the types and frequencies of genetic alterations occurring in gastric and colorectal adenomas are similar. Although intestinal-type and foveolar-type gastric adenomas display divergent biologic behavior, the specific genetic events accounting for these differences in morphology and biologic behavior are unclear.
Re-inventing the wheel: the uses of chemical history

Abstract The importance of history in Chemistry, in general, and colloid science in particular, is discussed in terms of two examples: the Stokes' Law and the identity of the author of an important paper in the theory of emulsions.
Analysis of obstruction site in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients by drug induced sleep endoscopy

Abstract Purpose We analyzed site, pattern and degree of obstruction in Korean male obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients by drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). We also investigated possible links between BMI, AHI and DISE findings. Materials and methods Sixty-nine male patients underwent DISE. DISE findings were reported using our classification system in which modified ‘VOTE classification’ – obstruction type, site of obstruction, degree of obstruction and anatomical site contributing obstruction – was reported. Associations were analyzed among the results of the polysomnography, patients' characteristics and DISE finding. Results Multilevel airway obstruction was found in 84.06% of patients and 15.94% had a unilevel obstruction. Among those with unilevel obstruction, 90.90% had retropalatal level obstruction and 9.10% had retrolingual level obstruction. Palate with lateral pharyngeal wall obstruction (49.28%) is the most common obstruction type of the retropalatal level and tongue with lateral pharyngeal wall (37.68%) is the most common obstruction type of the retrolingual level. Examining the relation between obstruction site according to body mass index (BMI) and severity of OSAS (apnea hypopnea index, AHI), the lateral pharyngeal wall had an increasing tendency associated with higher BMI and higher AHI. But the lateral pharyngeal wall of both levels was statistically significant associated with higher AHI. Conclusion The majority of the Korean male OSAS patients have multilevel obstruction and according to BMI and AHI, the DISE findings indicate that the lateral pharyngeal wall is the most important anatomical site contributing to obstruction regardless of the level at which the obstruction lies.
Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence

This volume grew out of two workshops (Tempe, Ariz., in 2003, and Washington, D.C., in 2004) that brought together scientists who have explored the East African environmental context during the millions of years in which hominins—including our ancestors—evolved. The community of people doing this kind of work is relatively small, in part because it requires long intervals of walking under a tropical Sun looking for outcrops that contain suitable numbers of fossils. Few sites are excavated because the density of fossil remains in undisturbed sedimentary rock is usually too low to make such an effort worthwhile. Nature comes to the fossil hunter's aid by concentrating bones in sites favored by erosion. The most promising of these sites are then explored by surface grid surveys that carefully document the overall context in which the fossils occur, in order to determine the physical (sedimentary), geochemical, and biotic processes that left the deposits. In the end, this meticulous work yields vital clues to critical questions: When and where did our species evolve? And how?
Molecular Sieves as Subtractors in Gas Chromatographic Analysis

SYNTHETIC zeolites of the ‘molecular sieve’ (Linde Division, Union Carbide Corp.) type have been widely used in gas chromatography in light-gas analysis, particularly for oxygen–nitrogen separations.
Illuminating realities: A phenomenological view from two underachieving gifted learners

Underachievement in gifted students has been researched since the 1940s, when Terman and Oden (1947) identified underachieving students in their longitudinal study. Most of this research focused on quantitative approaches aimed at fixing the learner, yet provided little insight into means of alleviating the phenomenon. Underachievement remains a complex phenomenon in need of additional research to gain an understanding of the many variables interacting in any particular setting. This study explored experiences of adolescent high school students using a phenomenological case study approach highlighting their perceptions, expectations, and experiences as learners. Kate and Shawn (serving as examples from the data set) provide a glimpse of the complexities (both theoretical and practical) involved in ability and achievement, and how schools are underachieving them; rather than how they and their peers are underachieving in schools.
Nickel Complex Catalyzed Efficient Activation of sp3 and sp2 C–H Bonds for Alkylation and Arylation of Oxygen Containing Heterocyclic Molecules

A nickel(II) complex (1) of N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido (L) ligand was examined for catalytic coupling of Grignard reagents with the C–H bond of oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds such as tetrahydrofuran and furan. The nickel(II) complex showed excellent activity in catalyzing C–H activation and further coupling with various Grignard reagents. The effective activation of the C–H bond proceeded under ambient reaction conditions with a short reaction time (1–2 h). The catalyst (1) displays high turnover frequency of 4,130 h−1 with catalyst loading as low as 0.01 mol%. This catalytic route could prove to be an efficient mode of activation of sp3 and sp2 C–H bonds in various heterocycles for the preparation of synthetically and pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
Medication Errors in United States Hospitals

This study evaluated hospital demographics, staffing, pharmacy variables, health care outcomes measures (severity of illness-adjusted mortality rates, drug costs, total cost of care, and length of stay) and medication errors. A database was constructed from the 1992 American Hospital Association's Abridged Guide to the Health Care Field, the 1992 National Clinical Pharmacy Services database, and 1992 mortality data from the Health Care Financing Administration. Simple statistical tests and a severity of illness-adjusted multiple regression analysis were employed. The study population consisted of 1116 hospitals that reported information on medication errors and 913 hospitals that reported information on medication errors that adversely affected patient care outcomes. We evaluated factors associated with the 430,586 medication errors and 17,338 medication errors that adversely affected patient care outcomes. Medication errors occurred in 5.07% of the patients admitted each year to these hospitals. Each hospital experienced a medication error every 22.7 hours (every 19.73 admissions). Medication errors that adversely affected patient care outcomes occurred in 0.25% of all patients admitted to these hospitals/year. Each hospital experienced a medication error that adversely affected patient care outcomes every 19.23 days (or every 401 admissions). The following factors were associated with increased medication errors/occupied bed/year: lack of pharmacy teaching affiliation (slope = 0.8875, p=0.0416), centralized pharmacists (slope = 1.0942, p=0.0001), number of registered nurses/occupied bed (slope = 1.624, p=0.032), number of registered pharmacists/occupied bed (slope = 25.0573, p=0.0001), hospital mortality rate (slope = 2.8017, p=0.0192), and total cost of care/occupied bed/year (slope = 0.01432, p=0.0091). Factors associated with decreased medication errors were location in the Mid-Atlantic census region (slope = -1.5182, p=0.03), affiliation with a pharmacy teaching program (slope = -1.0252, p=0.0349), decentralized pharmacists (slope = -0.9843, p=0.0037), and number of medical residents/occupied bed (slope = -1.478, p=0.0014). There was a 45% decrease in medication errors (1.81-fold decrease) in hospitals that had decentralized pharmacists, compared with hospitals that had centralized pharmacists. In addition, there was a 94% decrease in medication errors that adversely affected patient care outcomes (16.88-fold decrease) in hospitals that had decentralized pharmacists compared with hospitals that had only centralized pharmacists. Based on previous field studies and our findings in 1116 hospitals, it appears that one of the most effective ways to prevent or reduce medication errors is to decentralize pharmacists to patient care areas. The results of this study should help hospitals reduce the number of medication errors that occur each year.
A meta-analysis of autograft versus allograft in anterior cervical fusion.

We performed a meta-analysis of one- and two-level anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACDF) on data derived from published, peer-reviewed journal articles to determine whether there is a difference in fusion rate, graft complications, or clinical outcome in patients undergoing ACDF according to whether autograft or allograft was used. ACDF is a common procedure for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Most published studies comparing autograft and allograft have not demonstrated any difference between grafts. The medical literature dating from 1955 was reviewed. Of 395 titles, only four studies comparing autograft with allograft in ACDF were appropriate for this analysis. The data from these studies – 310 patients and 379 intervertebral levels – were pooled and statistical methods were applied. For both one- and two-level ACDF, autograft demonstrated a higher rate of radiographic union and a lower incidence of graft collapse. It was not possible to ascertain whether autograft is clinically superior to allograft. Although autograft has a higher fusion rate than allograft, clinical results do not depend solely on radiographic results. The risk of graft site morbidity and patient preference should be considered when choosing the type of graft for this operation.
Topics of interest in premarital Counseling: Clients' views

Etude des besoins ressentis par 185 jeunes (18-25 ans) quant a une formation pre-maritale. Les differentes sources d'interet dans la construction et le maintien des relations sont analysees
Gene constellation of influenza A virus reassortants with high growth phenotype prepared as seed candidates for vaccine production.

Background Influenza A virus vaccines undergo yearly reformulations due to the antigenic variability of the virus caused by antigenic drift and shift. It is critical to the vaccine manufacturing process to obtain influenza A seed virus that is antigenically identical to circulating wild type (wt) virus and grows to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs. Inactivated influenza A seasonal vaccines are generated by classical reassortment. The classical method takes advantage of the ability of the influenza virus to reassort based on the segmented nature of its genome. In ovo co-inoculation of a high growth or yield (hy) donor virus and a low yield wt virus with antibody selection against the donor surface antigens results in progeny viruses that grow to high titers in ovo with wt origin hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. In this report we determined the parental origin of the remaining six genes encoding the internal proteins that contribute to the hy phenotype in ovo.
From Freshman to Graduate: Making the Case for Student-Centric Institutional Repositories

INTRODUCTION Institutional repositories provide an opportunity to enhance the undergraduate education experience by developing student-centric collections. This article highlights five IR collections focusing on undergraduate student work at a medium size university. LITERATURE REVIEW Students benefit when they actively participate in undergraduate research activities that are tied to high-impact educational practices. However, there are limited options for undergraduate students to publish and share their work. Academic librarians are well-positioned to develop a student-centric institutional repository supporting undergraduate student research while working at instilling better information literacy standards and practices. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Western Oregon University’s Hamersly Library developed an institutional repository with an initial collection development strategy around undergraduate student collections based on the university’s strong identity and emphasis on undergraduate education. While traditional academic publishing opportunities are represented, there is also space and encouragement for publication of other types of student created material including presentations and creative works. There is an emphasis on representing student work from all grade levels. By connecting the student scholarship collections to high-impact educational practices, the library can advocate and demonstrate additional types of value that resonate with faculty and university administrators. NEXT STEPS The library will explore student publishing opportunities that originate in existing classes and new courses taught by librarians. Library faculty will continue to educate university administration and faculty on scholarly communication initiatives and their concerns of plagiarism and quality of work.
Stress relaxation preconditioning of porcine aortic valves.

In uniaxial tensile testing, load preconditioning is used to generate repeatable load/elongation curves and set a “reference state” for subsequent tensile tests. We have observed however, that for porcine aortic valve (PAV) tissues, preconditioning does not lead to repeatable stress relaxation curves. We thus investigated possible experimental protocols that could be used to generate repeatable load/elongation and stress relaxation curves. To quantify repeatability of stress relaxation, we compared normalized loads at the same time points from repeated stress relaxation curves and computed a repeatability ratio. We found that PAV specimens can generate repeatable stress relaxation curves (repeatability ratio >0.95) if they are subjected to at least five cycles of repeated load preconditioning and stress relaxation. We also found that a single cycle of loading/unloading prior to each stress relaxation phase is sufficient to generate repeatable stress relaxation curves. Stress relaxation preconditioning is therefore required to generate repeatable load/elongation and stress relaxation curves. It is expected that such curves will generate more accurate material constants for the characterization and modeling of PAV mechanics.
1219 ROBOT-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PYELOPLASTY: OUTCOMES FROM A SINGLE-INSTITUTION STUDY

approach have become well-established, including decreased intraoperative blood loss, reduced postoperative pain, and shortened length of hospital stay. However, there is limited literature about the frequency and risk factors for conversion during laparoscopic renal surgery. In this report we analyze almost 1600 laparoscopic renal cases performed over a course of more than 10 years to analyze the frequency and risk factors to conversion to both open surgery and HALS. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of all standard laparoscopic (n 759) and HALS (n 833) radical, simple, donor and partial nephrectomies, pyeloplasties, and nephroureterectomies from June 1996 to February 2009, totaling 1592 cases. Frequencies and indications for conversions to HALS as well as to open surgery were identified. Risk factors for conversion were determined. RESULTS: Among all 1592 procedures, 20 (1.3%) required conversion to open surgery. Among the 759 SL procedures, 21 (2.8%) were converted to HALS, and 1.7% were converted to open surgery, for an overall SL conversion rate of 4.6%. Only 0.7% of HALS procedures were converted to open surgery. Rates of conversion to open surgery ranged from 0.3% for LPN to 2.5% for LSN. Rates of conversion to HALS ranged from 0% for LP and LNU to 6.5% for LPN. Conversions to open surgery were most likely due to hemorrhage (50%) or failure to progress (40%) while conversion to HALS were most likely due to failure to progress (76%) and tumor anatomy (19%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the only significant risk factor for conversion to open surgery was greater ASA score. Conversion to HALS was associated with greater BMI and ASA score, and partial nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Conversion during laparoscopic renal surgery to open surgery or HALS is an uncommon but important event in laparoscopic surgery. The risk is influenced by the nature of the procedure and the patient’s overall health.
A High Transmission Hemispherical Energy Analyzer for Ion Spectrometry

A hemispherical energy analyzer was constructed by using a novel approach to control the fringing electrostatic field. It provides several properties useful in ion spectrometers: namely, rather simple fabrication and compact size, high transmission efficiency at moderate resolution, and the capability to adjust resolution by changing the intersphere potentials. A computer program was developed to evaluate ion trajectories through the hemispherical analyzer. Data obtained from the trajectories were used to predict the characteristics of the analyzer. Experiments performed to determine the kinetic energy dependence of the absolute transmission and the resolution functions are in accord with theoretical calculations.
TU‐G‐BRC‐05: Daily Respiratory Gating Window Adjustment Is Necessary for Abdominal Radiation Therapy Patients: A Retrospective Analysis with Simulation 4DCT and Daily Fluoroscopy

Purpose: To evaluate the need for adjusting the respiratory gating window on a daily basis due to variability of intrafraction motion of abdominal tumorstreated with stereotactic and conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Methods: Thirteen patients (8 with livercancer and 5 with pancreatic cancer) were implanted with visicoil fiducials and treated with amplitude based respiratory gated (RPM) radiation therapy on a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator (Varian Medical, Inc.). A total of 225 fluoroscopic movies were recorded using an Intrafraction Motion Review Software (Varian Medical, Inc.) over 106 fractions with an average length of ∼15s each. Intrafraction tumor motion was represented by the amplitude (peak‐to‐trough) of the fiducial motion trace extracted from each fluoroscopic movie. The superior‐inferior motion over the course of radiotherapy was compared to the maximum motion from 4D‐Computed Tomography (4DCT). Results: All patients showed predominant motion in superior‐inferior direction ranging from 1mm to 29 mm. The motion varied on a day to day basis, with changes of amplitude up to 6.7±5.4 mm for liver‐SBRT patients and 7.8±2.0 mm for pancreas‐fractionated patients. The maximum motion from 4DCT was compared to individual fractions for all patients. For liver‐SBRT patients, 4DCT overestimated the motion on 5/ 27 fractions (average 6.4 mm); and underestimated motion on 11/27 fractions (average 6.8 mm). For pancreas‐fractionated patients, 4DCT overestimated the motion on 60/79 fractions (average 13.6mm); and underestimated the motion on 16/79 fractions (average 7.9 mm). Conclusions: Observed intrafraction motion range varied from fraction to fraction and majority of treatment fractions (88%) were either overestimated or underestimated by 4DCT. These results suggest the need for daily respiratory gating window adjustment for a more accurate and efficient delivery.
Gravistimulus Direction, Ethylene Production and Shoot Elongation in the Release of Apical Dominance in Pharbitis nil

Release of apical dominance can be induced in Pharbitis nil by the inversion of the upper shoot. This promotion of outgrowth of the highest lateral bud adjacent to the bend of the stem appears to be mediated by ethylene inhibition of growth of the inverted main shoot. In the present investigation the existence of a direct correlation between ethylene evolution and the direction of gravistimulus is demonstrated as well as an inverse correlation between ethylene production by the inverted upper shoot and its elongation. An inverse correlation also exists between elongation of the inverted upper shoot and the outgrowth of the highest lateral bud if the lower portion of the shoot (below the bend) is oriented in an upright position. The patent period for shoot-inversion induction of ethylene production is about 2 h. These results support the hypothesis of indirect ethylene control of apical dominance release by retardation of elongation of the inverted shoot.
Evidence for the ground-state resonance of 26O.

Evidence for the ground state of the neutron-unbound nucleus $^{26}\mathrm{O}$ was observed for the first time in the single proton-knockout reaction from a $82\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{u}$ $^{27}\mathrm{F}$ beam. Neutrons were measured in coincidence with $^{24}\mathrm{O}$ fragments. $^{26}\mathrm{O}$ was determined to be unbound by ${150}_{\ensuremath{-}150}^{+50}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ from the observation of low-energy neutrons. This result agrees with recent shell-model calculations based on microscopic two- and three-nucleon forces.
Mitral valve replacement: Technique to preserve the subvalvular apparatus

A technique is described for retaining the entire subvalvular apparatus in an anatomic fashion during mitral valve replacement that has resulted in no ventricular outflow tract obstruction or interference by retained chordal structures with prosthetic valve function in 128 patients.
Constraints on the magnitude and rate of CO2 dissolution at Bravo Dome natural gas field

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) captured at large point sources into deep saline aquifers can significantly reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Dissolution of the injected CO2 into the formation brine is a trapping mechanism that helps to ensure the long-term security of geological CO2 storage. We use thermochronology to estimate the timing of CO2 emplacement at Bravo Dome, a large natural CO2 field at a depth of 700 m in New Mexico. Together with estimates of the total mass loss from the field we present, to our knowledge, the first constraints on the magnitude, mechanisms, and rates of CO2 dissolution on millennial timescales. Apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology records heating of the Bravo Dome reservoir due to the emplacement of hot volcanic gases 1.2–1.5 Ma. The CO2 accumulation is therefore significantly older than previous estimates of 10 ka, which demonstrates that safe long-term geological CO2 storage is possible. Integrating geophysical and geochemical data, we estimate that 1.3 Gt CO2 are currently stored at Bravo Dome, but that only 22% of the emplaced CO2 has dissolved into the brine over 1.2 My. Roughly 40% of the dissolution occurred during the emplacement. The CO2 dissolved after emplacement exceeds the amount expected from diffusion and provides field evidence for convective dissolution with a rate of 0.1 g/(m2y). The similarity between Bravo Dome and major US saline aquifers suggests that significant amounts of CO2 are likely to dissolve during injection at US storage sites, but that convective dissolution is unlikely to trap all injected CO2 on the 10-ky timescale typically considered for storage projects.
Inconsistent kinetic energy functionals of electron gases in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields

The two formally equivalent kinetic energy functionals of an electron gas in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields give inconsistent results when used in a Gordon-Kim (interacting closed-shell atom) calculation. This inconsistency is a direct measure of the accuracy of the Thomas-Fermi (slowly varying potential) assumption for the system studied.
Cities and the Creative Class

Cities and regions have long captured the imagination of sociologists, economists, and urbanists. From Alfred Marshall to Robert Park and Jane Jacobs, cities have been seen as cauldrons of diversit...
State distributed PV policies: Can low cost (to government) policies have a market impact?

This analysis examines the use of state policy as a tool to support the development of distributed generation photovoltaic (PV) markets. The focus is on low-cost market opening policies instead of various forms of government subsidies aimed at reducing installation costs. The ideas tested in this work are: (1) low-cost market opening policies can be effective in facilitating PV market growth without subsidizing projects, and (2) policies can be made more effective if states and localities stage their enactment in a particular order. The policies selected for evaluation emerge from a policy stacking theory outlined in Doris (2012), NREL/CP-7A30-54801, Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. A cross-section econometric analysis that takes into account the quality of interconnection standards, net metering standards, Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), RPS set-asides, and a non-policy determinant (population) explains about 70% of the variation in newly installed PV capacity across states and indicates that all of the selected policies are significant. Nonparametric statistical tests confirm the regression results. Qualitative evidence is also presented indicating that effective policy ordering starts with improving interconnection standards, closely followed by improvements in net metering standards, and eventually strengthened by the enactment of an RPS and set-asides.
A study of unipolar left back leads and their application to posterior myocardial infarction.

The electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction of the posterior wall is often missed because it is largely dependent on lead and because this electrode position often does not subtend the diseased myocardium. To remedy this defect, a new method is described—unipolar left back leads. The validity of this method in registering potential from the posterior left ventricular wall is discussed as well as its importance in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction of the posterior wall. Left back leads can illuminate the significance of questionable Q waves.
Finding a balance: centralized IT support for decentralized units and the liaison program at Tulane University

Finding a balance: "centralized" IT support for decentralized units and the liaison program at Tulane University.In most universities, there is a tension between the local technology support needs of individual colleges, schools, and departments and the demands of the entire community. We have all witnessed attempts to overcome this tension by centralizing and decentralizing support like a pendulum.Two years ago, the central technology organization created a new liaison program at Tulane University to find a balance between the demands on central technology support and the needs of the individual school, department, or division. We created a system in which there is local control--decentralized units fund the partial or whole position--and centralized management and integration into the support structure. The program has exploded over the past years, growing from one liaison to seven.
Electronic control of stereoselectivity. 20. Crystal and molecular structure of the ferrocene derived from tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]Deca-2,5,8-triene

Abstract Reaction of the isodicyclopentadienide anion and its dehydro congener with Fe(II) leads to a stereochemically homogeneous ferrocene derivative in each instance. Through chemical correlation and X-ray analysis, above-plane complexation is established for both halves within the two sandwich compounds.
Numerical Prediction of Submesoscale Flow in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer over Complex Terrain

AbstractNumerical weather prediction models often perform poorly for weakly forced, highly variable winds in nocturnal stable boundary layers (SBLs). When used as input to air-quality and dispersion models, these wind errors can lead to large errors in subsequent plume forecasts. Finer grid resolution and improved model numerics and physics can help reduce these errors. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) has higher-order numerics that may improve predictions of finescale winds (scales <~20 km) in nocturnal SBLs. However, better understanding of the physics controlling SBL flow is needed to take optimal advantage of advanced modeling capabilities.To facilitate ARW-WRF evaluations, a small network of instrumented towers was deployed in the ridge-and-valley topography of central Pennsylvania (PA). Time series of local observations and model forecasts on 1.333- and 0.444-km grids were filtered to isolate deterministic lower-frequency wind components. The time-filtered SBL w...