cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Spreadsheet To Facilitate Group Theory Calculations and Display of Character Tables

A Microsoft Excel workbook is described that can be used to perform group theory calculations using character tables for 50 chemically significant point groups. The workbook will reduce arbitrary representations, calculate direct products, and identify erroneous representations. In addition, the character tables can be projected for use in the classroom or copied to a word-processor for publication.
Efficient implementation of covariance multiplication for data assimilation with the representer method

Abstract The application of Markov time correlation within the representer method is revised. Usually, the Markov time correlation is implemented by solving a two-point boundary-value problem that is split into two Langevin equations, one forward and the other backward in time. A new splitting of the two-point boundary-value problem is proposed. An examination of time and memory consumption is carried out when portions of the trajectory are written and read from available disk space, and when checkpoints are used. It is shown that the new splitting will reduce the computation time and the core computer memory required to solve the variational data assimilation problem through the representer method.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of the human lung

By permitting direct visualization of the airspaces of the lung, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized gases provides unique strategies for evaluating pulmonary structure and function. Although the vast majority of research in humans has been performed using hyperpolarized (3)He, recent contraction in the supply of (3)He and consequent increases in price have turned attention to the alternative agent, hyperpolarized (129) Xe. Compared to (3)He, (129)Xe yields reduced signal due to its smaller magnetic moment. Nonetheless, taking advantage of advances in gas-polarization technology, recent studies in humans using techniques for measuring ventilation, diffusion, and partial pressure of oxygen have demonstrated results for hyperpolarized (129)Xe comparable to those previously demonstrated using hyperpolarized (3)He. In addition, xenon has the advantage of readily dissolving in lung tissue and blood following inhalation, which makes hyperpolarized (129)Xe particularly attractive for exploring certain characteristics of lung function, such as gas exchange and uptake, which cannot be accessed using (3)He. Preliminary results from methods for imaging (129) Xe dissolved in the human lung suggest that these approaches will provide new opportunities for quantifying relationships among gas delivery, exchange, and transport, and thus show substantial potential to broaden our understanding of lung disease. Finally, recent changes in the commercial landscape of the hyperpolarized-gas field now make it possible for this innovative technology to move beyond the research laboratory.
The inhibition of blood coagulation by activated protein C through the selective inactivation of activated factor V

Abstract Activated Protein C was found to inhibit Factor Xa initiated clotting of plasma. Activated Protein C did not inhibit prothrombin activation by Factor Xa and Ca 2+ or Factor Xa, Ca 2+ and lipid. However, activated Protein C did inhibit prothrombin activation by Factor Xa, Ca 2+ and Factor Va or Factor Xa, Ca 2+ , lipid, and Factor Va. Excess Factor Va could reverse the inhibition of prothrombin activation. Incubation of Factor V with activated Protein C had little effect on Factor V activity either in the presence or absence of phospholipid. Preincubation of Factor V with activated Protein C had no effect upon the degree to which Factor V could be activated. When Factor V was activated with thrombin in the presence of activated Protein C, a rapid decline in Factor Va activity was observed. When activated Protein C was incubated with purified Factor Va in the absence of thrombin, a similar rapid decay in Factor Va activity was observed. Activated Protein C catalyzed decay of Factor Va activity was not obligately dependent on the presence of lipid. However, lipid enhanced the rate of inactivation. Analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of either Factor V or Va treated with activated Protein C indicated that activated Protein C degraded a slow migrating band of the Factor V doublet and that it also was able to degrade both the heavy and light chains of Factor Va. The results indicated that activated Protein C can inhibit Factor Xa initiated clotting by degrading Factor Va. Factor Va could be protected from activated Protein C inactivation by the presence of Factor Xa, suggesting that activated Protein C binds to Factor Va or near the Factor Xa binding site. The specificity of activated Protein C for Factor Va and the ability of Factor Xa to stabilize Factor Va may both play important functions in the regulation of blood coagulation.
The 5-lipoxygenase as a common pathway for pathological brain and vascular aging.

Epidemiological studies indicate age as a strong risk factor for developing cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. During the aging process, changes in the expression of particular genes can influence the susceptibility to these diseases. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) by oxidizing fatty acids forms leukotrienes, potent mediators of oxidative and inflammatory reactions, two key pathogenic events in both clinical settings. This enzyme is widely distributed in the cardiovascular as well as in the central nervous system, where its expression levels increase with age, suggesting that it may be involved in their diseases of aging. The central theme of this article is that during aging, 5-LO acts as biologic link between different stressors and the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesize that the age-dependent upregulation of 5-LO represents a “priming” factor in the vasculature as well as in the brain, where a subsequent exposure to triggering stimuli (i.e., infections) leads to an abnormal chronic inflammatory reaction, and ultimately results in increased organ vulnerability and functional deficits.
Antisense and ribozyme constructs in transgenic animals.

Geneticists have long sought the ability to add or subtract individual genes from an organism's genome, or to be able to alter the level of expression of a gene in a targeted, developmentally and tissue-specific manner. The development of transgenic technology realized the possibilities of increasing the expression of a specific gene or the transfer of a new gene into an animal. Homologous recombination techniques allow the deletion or alteration of a genein vivo. The production of transgenic animals incorporating a gene construct that expresses a complimentary antisense RNA to a targeted gene, or an antisense RNA incorporating a catalytic, ribozyme sequence, have been suggested as a potential mechanism for obtaining the developmentally and tissue-specific down-regulation of expression of a targeted genein vivo. In this paper we review the current literature with respect to the application of antisense and ribozyme constructs in transgenic animals and conclude that such constructs can effectively down-regulate the level of mRNA from a target gene, the amount of protein produced in the cell, and result in phenotypic consequences.
Liquid metal integrated test system (LIMITS)

Abstract This paper describes the liquid metal integrated test system (LIMITS) at Sandia National Laboratories 1 . This system was designed to study the flow of molten metals and salts in a vacuum as a preliminary study for flowing liquid surfaces inside of magnetic fusion reactors. The system consists of a heated furnace with attached centrifugal pump, a vacuum chamber, and a transfer chamber for storage and addition of fresh material. Diagnostics include an electromagnetic flow meter, a high temperature pressure transducer, and an electronic level meter. Many ports in the vacuum chamber allow testing the thermal behavior of the flowing liquids heated with an electron beam or study of the effect of a magnetic field on motion of the liquid. Some preliminary tests have been performed to determine the effect of a static magnetic field on stream flow from a nozzle.
Regional enteritis and HLA concordance in multiple siblings

A familial predisposition to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is well established, and linkage of a susceptibility gene to the HLA gene locus has been postulated. We report here a family of five children, at least four and probably all five of whom have Crohn's disease. HLA studies of four of the five showed three with the same paternal haplotypes (A2, B44), all four with the same maternal haplotypes (A30, B17), and three of the four to be HLA identical. Combination of this data with four studies in the literature shows an excess of shared haplotypes among sibling pairs with disease, but the excess does not reach statistical significance. Thus, although the data shows a trend, Crohn's disease susceptibility linkage to the HLA gene locus is still unsettled. Lymphocytotoxic antibody was present in two of the four children but in neither parent.
Mössbauer spectroscopic investigation of iron species in coal

Abstract A series of Herrin No. 6 coal and three coal-derived samples have been examined by Mossbauer spectroscopy. It is established that Mossbauer spectroscopy can be used to identify multiple iron species in a whole coal or an autoclaved char sample without the need to concentrate the minerals to enhance resolution. Our results indicate that there may be an association between the pyrite in raw coal and the coal matrix. This association appears to be broken down when the coal is heated to temperatures as low as 175 °C. It is also apparent that the iron sulphide present in the whole coal is converted to pyrite at these low temperatures. For our samples, the total quantity of iron species in different coal lithotypes is about the same, but they differ in their distributions. The fusain has the least amount of Fe 2+ species when compared to the vitrain or whole-coal sample used. At least two types of nonstoichiometric pyrrhotite are produced in the heat-treated samples. One of these pyrrhotites is unstable and contains dissolved sulphur which is apparently liberated as the temperature is increased.
The Future of Corporate Social Responsibility

In 1996, a nun from Philadelphia sparked a debate with a Silicon Valley CEO over corporate social responsibility.1 Sister Doris Gormley of the Sisters of St. Francis wrote a letter to Cypress Semiconductor protesting the lack of women and minorities on the board of directors. The CEO, T. J. Rogers, shot back a reply in which he labeled the Sister's view "immoral" and urged her to get down from her "moral high horse." Rogers said that choosing directors based on gender or race is "a lousy way to run a company," and he vowed that Cypress would never do it because "bowing to well-meaning, special interest groups is an immoral way to run a company." This exchange is revealing because it exposes a fault line between past conceptions of corporate social responsibility and the future. Over the past fifty years, and especially in the last two decades, the structure of American companies and the conditions under which they operate have been dramatically transformed. These changes in the world of business have inevitably affected the meaning of corporate social responsibility and the arguments for and against it. I do not propose to take sides in the debate. Both Sister Doris and T. J. Rogers accept some assumptions about corporate social responsibility that are now out-of-date. We need to move beyond the terms in which the
An Anchor and a Sail: Christian Meditation as the Mechanism for a Pluralist Religious Identity

This study examines the religious identity project of an interdenominational association of Christians who practice a ritual called "Christian Meditation." While maintaining denominational affiliation, Christian meditators also employ the symbolic boundary of religious pluralism to demar- cate their religious identity. They must therefore balance their sense of openness with denominational commitment. Within their identification as Christian meditators, these individuals not only surmount this challenge, but paradoxically also enhance and increase denominational activity. This paper utilizes data from participant observation, in-depth interviews, and supplementary sources to explain how this is accomplished. Compared with Dillon's (Michele Dillon, 1999. Catholic Identity: Balancing Reason, Faith, and Power. New York: Cambridge University Press) finding that "core" traditions can be used to transform religious identity, I argue that the "invented tradition" (Eric Hobsbawn. 1983. "Introduction: Inventing Traditions." The Invention of Tradition, edited by E. Hobsbawn and T. Ranger. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-14) of Christian Meditation also serves this purpose. Via its multidimensional structure of meaning, the ritual simultaneously operates as an anchor that maintains, enhances, and promotes denominational activity and a sail that allows institutional boundaries to be crossed.
TAL effectors: Customizable proteins for DNA targeting

Generating and applying new knowledge from the wealth of available genomic information is hindered, in part, by the difficulty of altering nucleotide sequences and expression of genes in living cells in a targeted fashion. Progress has been made in engineering DNA binding domains to direct proteins to particular sequences for mutagenesis or manipulation of transcription; however, achieving the requisite specificities has been challenging. Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of plant pathogenic bacteria contain a modular DNA binding domain that appears to overcome this challenge. Comprising tandem, polymorphic amino acid repeats that individually specify contiguous nucleotides in DNA, this domain is being deployed in DNA targeting for applications ranging from understanding gene function in model organisms to improving traits in crop plants to treating genetic disorders in people.
Effects of different annuloplasty rings on anterior mitral leaflet dimensions

Objective To assess the effects of annuloplasty rings on anterior mitral leaflet dimensions. Methods Sixteen radiopaque markers were sutured evenly spaced over the surface of the anterior mitral leaflet in 57 sheep. The following rings were implanted in a releasable fashion: size 28-mm Cosgrove-Edwards band (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, Calif) (n = 11), rigid saddle-shaped annuloplasty ring (St Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, Minn) (n = 12), Carpentier-Edwards Physio (Edwards Lifesciences) (n = 12), IMR-ETlogix (Edwards Lifesciences) (n = 10), and GeoForm (Edwards Lifesciences) (n = 12). Under acute open chest conditions, 4-dimensional marker coordinates were measured using biplane videofluoroscopy with the annuloplasty ring inserted and after annuloplasty ring release. Septal-lateral and commissure-commissure dimensions were calculated from opposing marker pairs on the septal-lateral and commissure-commissure aspect of the anterior mitral leaflet at end diastole and end systole. To assess changes in anterior mitral leaflet shape, a "planarity index" was assessed by calculating the root mean square values as distances of the 16 anterior mitral leaflet markers to a best fit anterior mitral leaflet plane at end systole. Results At end diastole, anterior mitral leaflet septal-lateral and commissure-commissure dimensions did not change with the Cosgrove ring compared with control, whereas the rigid saddle-shaped annuloplasty ring and Physio, IMR-ETlogix, and GeoForm rings reduced anterior mitral leaflet commissure-commissure but not septal-lateral anterior mitral leaflet dimensions. At end systole, the septal-lateral anterior mitral leaflet dimension was smaller with the IMR-ETlogix and GeoForm rings, but did not change with the Cosgrove ring, rigid saddle-shaped annuloplasty ring, and Physio ring. Anterior mitral leaflet shape was unchanged in all 5 groups. Conclusion With no changes in anterior mitral leaflet planarity, the 4 complete, rigid rings (rigid saddle-shaped annuloplasty ring, Physio, IMR-ETlogix, and GeoForm) reduced the anterior mitral leaflet commissure-commissure dimension at end diastole. The IMR-ETlogix and GeoForm rings decreased the septal-lateral anterior mitral leaflet dimension at end systole, probably as the result of inherent disproportionate downsizing. These changes in anterior mitral leaflet geometry could perturb the stress patterns, which in theory may affect repair durability.
Acute type A hepatitis during chronic hepatitis B virus infection: association of depressed hepatitis B virus replication with appearance of endogenous alpha interferon

Two patients with chronic type B hepatitis and intercurrent episodes of acute type A hepatitis are presented. Serological markers of hepatitis B virus replication decreased or became undetectable in both patients during the acute illness, while interferon activity was transiently detected in serum. The presence of serum leukocyte (alpha) interferon was confirmed by neutralization with specific antisera and tests of pH2 stability. These observations suggest a role for natural leukocyte (alpha) interferon in the modulation and control of hepatitis B virus infection and provide further evidence to support trials of exogenous leukocyte (alpha) interferon in the chronic infection.
Political Belonging and Cultural Belonging Immigration Status, Citizenship, and Identity Among Four Immigrant Populations in a Southwestern City

This article compares identity and citizenship among four immigrant populations in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area to explore the distinctions that immigrants themselves draw between political and cultural belonging. The article addresses the differences between the rights/responsibilities dimensions of citizenship on one hand, and the identity dimensions of citizenship on the other hand. It demonstrates the significance of immigration status in shaping attitudes toward naturalization, citizenship, and the construction of identity, arguing that immigrants have a bifocal outlook on belonging.
Errors in the computerized electrocardiogram interpretation of cardiac rhythm

Abstract Background More than 100 million computer-interpreted electrocardiograms (ECG-C) are obtained annually. However, there are few contemporary published data on the accuracy of cardiac rhythm interpretation by this method. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of ECG-C rhythm interpretation in a typical patient population. Methods We compared the ECG-C rhythm interpretation to that of 2 expert overreaders in 2112 randomly selected standard 12-lead ECGs. Results The ECG-C correctly interpreted the rhythm in 1858 and incorrectly identified the rhythm in 254 (overall accuracy, 88.0%). Sinus rhythm was correctly interpreted in 95.0% of the ECGs (1666/1753) with this rhythm, whereas nonsinus rhythms were correctly interpreted with an accuracy of only 53.5% (192/359) (P Conclusions The ECG-C demonstrates frequent errors in the interpretation of nonsinus rhythms. In addition, incorrect rhythm interpretation by the ECG-C was frequently further compounded by additional major inaccuracies. Expert overreading of the ECG remains important in clinical settings with a high percentage of nonsinus rhythms.
Adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body. A report of 2 cases in dogs.

Two cases of adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body in the dog are described. Invasion of ocular tissues and, in 1 case, extraocular tissue occurred, however distant metastasis did not. These characteristics are similar to those of such tumors in man.
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE CLINICIAN.

When the present journal, ENDOCRINOLOGY, was founded, it was deemed greatly to the interest of the newer branch of Medicine it represents, to insure impartiality in its dealings with all professional questions at issue. Hence the present article on a subject reviewed some months ago by Prof. G. N. Stewart (1) from the standpoint of the physiologist, in which he criticizes clinicians, our French and Italian colleagues in particular, because of their recognition of adrenal insufficiency as a morbid factor in many diseases. May there not be another side to this question?Stewart’s main contention is that the effects of removal of both adrenals in laboratory animals fails to reproduce a well marked syndrome of adrenal deficiency, and, therefore, that physicians are not justified in recognizing such a syndrome.
Tracking deformable objects with the active contour model

The paper presents a new algorithm for motion tracking of deformable objects by using the active contour model (snake). For robustness, the motion estimation confidence is combined into the snake energy function. Possible degradation measures are also studied for performance monitoring in an interactive tracking system.
Some Problems in Certifying Microprograms

A hypothetical computer is described, and procedures are indicated for showing the correctness of its microprogram. The underlying method used is that of Birman [1]. However, the computer discussed has some realistic characteristics not shared by the machine treated in [1], and the details of the microcode validation are complicated by this fact. A formal technique for partitioning the proof is presented and illustrated with examples.
‘Good Babies’ or ‘Goodness of Fit?’ Normalizing and Pluralizing Dimensions of Contemporary Temperament Discourse:

This paper explores contemporary discourse on temperamental differences in children in terms of how it embodies a central tension in modern liberal democratic society. This is the tension between normalization (the delineation of forms of behavior and experience that are deemed undesirable, in order to bring normative ideals of personhood into sharper focus), on the one hand, and a commitment to pluralism and the inclusion of diverse modes of experience and being on the other. Through examination of recent texts written for parents and professionals, it is argued that while contemporary North American temperament writings and practices evince normalizing elements, they also contain genuinely ironic and contextualizing features which challenge or attenuate the trend towards an increasing pathologization of various species of personality and behavioral ‘difference’.
Peptide-bond distortions and the curvature of α-helices

Solvent accessible peptide bonds in proteins exhibit a 1-3° compression of the OCN bond angle and a corresponding expansion of the NCCa bond angle, relative to buried peptide bonds. These changes are consistent with an increase in hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen accompanying solvent exposure (J. D. Dunitz and F. K. Winkler, (1975) Acta Cryst.B31, 251-263). For amphiphilic structures such as α-helices, systematic differences in peptide-bond geometry between solvent-exposed and buried residues will generate significant curvature. A decrease of 4° in the OCN bond angle between hydrophilic and hydrophobic sides of an amphiphilic helix will lead to smooth bending, with a radius of curvature of about 70 A. This curvature is in the range observed for α-helices in proteins. Helix curvature is estimated to have only a small effect on the magnitude and direction of the helical dipole moment.
Rover mast calibration, exact camera pointing, and camera handoff for visual target tracking

This paper presents three technical elements that we have developed to improve the accuracy of the visual target tracking for single-sol approach-and-instrument placement in future Mars rover missions. An accurate, straightforward method of rover mast calibration is achieved by using a total station, a camera calibration target, and four prism targets mounted on the rover. The method was applied to Rocky8 rover mast calibration and yielded a 1.1-pixel rms residual error. Camera pointing requires inverse kinematic solutions for mast pan and tilt angles such that the target image appears right at the center of the camera image. Two issues were raised. Mast camera frames are in general not parallel to the masthead base frame. Further, the optical axis of the camera model in general does not pass through the center of the image. Despite these issues, we managed to derive non-iterative closed-form exact solutions, which were verified with Matlab routines. Actual camera pointing experiments over 50 random target image points yielded less than 1.3-pixel rms pointing error. Finally, a purely geometric method for camera handoff using stereo views of the target has been developed. Experimental test runs show less than 2.5 pixels error on high-resolution Navcam for Pancam-to-Navcam handoff, and less than 4 pixels error on lower-resolution Hazcam for Navcam-to-Hazcam handoff
Balancing ecological destruction and restoration: the only hope for sustainable use of the planet

Abstract Intergenerational fairness and equity is the pivotal component of sustainable use of the planet. Much discussion continues on sustainable development and sustainable use of the planet even though the rate of ecological destruction still vastly exceeds ecological restoration. Ecological destruction is definitely not inevitable, and restoration alone is an unsuitable strategy for balancing destruction. Prevention is better than a cure, but, until human society is better able to check ecological destruction, and even for a period afterwards, restoration will be extremely important. Ecological destruction is irrational if the human species is dependent upon an ecological life support system. A call for sustainable use of the planet while destruction continues is rational only if human ingenuity and technology can free humans from the biophysical laws of ecology that bind other species. The future of natural systems depends on which school of thought represents the foundation of the guiding beliefs of human society. This manuscript advocates the development of a new relationship between human society that is sustainable, ethical and mutually beneficial.
Measurement of color for craniofacial structures using a 45/0-degree optical configuration

Statement of problem The color of vital craniofacial structures has not been measured accurately. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the color of vital craniofacial structures and evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of a noncontacting 45/0-degree optical configuration. Material and methods A spectroradiometer and an external light source were configured in a noncontacting 45/0-degree (45-degree illumination and 0-degree observer) optical configuration to measure the color of subjects' vital craniofacial structures (central and lateral incisor and canine, attached gingiva, lips, and facial skin). The 120 subjects were stratified into 5 age groups with 4 racial categories and balanced for gender. For evaluation of validity, linear regressions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for ΔL ∗ , Δa ∗ , Δb ∗ [color difference of (CIE) LAB values] between the measured and certified values of the 22 color patches of the DC Color Checker. For test-retest reliability, a random sample of 12 (10%) subjects was remeasured at a second visit. Paired t tests, correlations, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed between the first and second measurements of the 12 pairs of L ∗ , a ∗ , and b ∗ values for the 6 craniofacial structures. Results For validity, the mean color difference and linear regression for Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) LAB values between measured and certified color of the 22 opaque color patches were ΔE of 1.46 and 0.99 for all regressions, respectively. Only Δa ∗ did not contain zero in its 95% confidence interval. For test-retest reliability, no paired t tests were significantly different from each other, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9 (9 pairs) to 0.7 (3 pairs). Ten of the 18 Bland-Altman plots showed good reliability. Conclusion The spectral reflectance of craniofacial structures can be measured with acceptable validity and test-retest reliability using a noncontacting 45/0-degree optical configuration.
Pyridoxamine, an inhibitor of advanced glycation reactions, also inhibits advanced lipoxidation reactions. Mechanism of action of pyridoxamine.

Maillard or browning reactions lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on protein and contribute to the increase in chemical modification of proteins during aging and in diabetes. AGE inhibitors such as aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine (PM) have proven effective in animal model and clinical studies as inhibitors of AGE formation and development of diabetic complications. We report here that PM also inhibits the chemical modification of proteins during lipid peroxidation (lipoxidation) reactions in vitro, and we show that it traps reactive intermediates formed during lipid peroxidation. In reactions of arachidonate with the model protein RNase, PM prevented modification of lysine residues and formation of the advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs)N e-(carboxymethyl)lysine,N e-(carboxyethyl)lysine, malondialdehyde-lysine, and 4-hydroxynonenal-lysine. PM also inhibited lysine modification and formation of ALEs during copper-catalyzed oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Hexanoic acid amide and nonanedioic acid monoamide derivatives of PM were identified as major products formed during oxidation of linoleic acid in the presence of PM. We propose a mechanism for formation of these products from the 9- and 13-oxo-decadienoic acid intermediates formed during peroxidation of linoleic acid. PM, as a potent inhibitor of both AGE and ALE formation, may prove useful for limiting the increased chemical modification of tissue proteins and associated pathology in aging and chronic diseases, including both diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Removable partial prosthesis partially supported by an endosseous blade implant.

Abstract This is a report of a removable partial denture supported in part by an endosseous blade implant. During the period of observation since insertion of the prosthesis, (1) the implant has remained stable, (2) there has been no observable bone loss adjacent to the implant, (3) the tissues adjacent to and surrounding the implant post are healthy, and (4) the patient's acceptance of the prosthesis and the implant has been enthusiastic. By using artificial abutments, we can improve removable prostheses and provide better service to our patients. The endosseous blade implant is a new procedure, and research has yet to confirm that the removable partial prosthesis is or is not an acceptable prosthesis to use in conjunction with this type of implant.
The Role of Bisphosphonates in Multiple Myeloma: Mechanisms, Side Effects, and the Future

Zoledronic acid and pamidronate are two potent anticatabolic nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (BPs) used extensively in diseases with high bone turnover such as multiple myeloma (MM). In this review we focus on their biology and their current and future use in MM, and highlight some of the most common and emerging side effects. Although the primary target cells for BPs are osteoclasts, new insights suggest other cell types of the bone microenvironment as possible targets, including osteoblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and cancer cells. Here, we focus on the current guidelines for the use of BPs in MM and address side effects such as renal toxicity, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and low-energy fractures. Finally, we approach the future of BP use in MM in the context of other bone-targeted agents, evaluating ongoing clinical trials addressing alternate dosing and schedules of BP administration in MM patients.
Peculiarities of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Stream and Their Impact on Developing Closed-Loop Control Technology

Therapeutic advances in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are currently focused on developing a closed-loop control system using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), subcutaneous insulin delivery, and a control algorithm. Because a CGM assesses blood glucose indirectly (and therefore often inaccurately), it limits the effectiveness of the controller. In order to improve the quality of CGM data, a series of analyses are suggested. These analyses evaluate and compensate for CGM errors, assess risks associated with glucose variability, predict glucose fluctuation, and forecast hypo- and hyperglycemia. These analyses are illustrated with data collected using the MiniMed CGMS® (Medtronic, Northridge, CA) and Freestyle Navigator™ (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA). It is important to remember that traditional statistics do not work with CGM data because consecutive CGM readings are highly interdependent.
Special Considerations in Trauma Patients

The emergent management of a traumatic injury can be an extremely intense situation. These assessments can be even more difficult when patients have an underlying psychiatric condition. After a protocoled evaluation of the traumatic injuries, the psychological manifestation of diseases can be addressed. The appropriate use of physical or chemical restraints to facilitate the work-up is paramount in the ability of the provider to protect patients and staff from agitated and traumatized patients. The emergency medicine provider should have a low threshold for including psychiatry in the treatment plans, as the long-term sequelae of these entities require specialized treatment.
On a tracking controller for MIMO linear systems

A delayed feedforward tracking controller is derived for linear time invariant control systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a controller is also given. >
Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement With Strip Tillage for Irrigated Pacific Northwest Corn Production

Nutrient placement options with strip tillage (ST) can potentially improve plant nutrient utilization and increase crop yield compared to conventional fertilizer placement practices under conventional tillage (CT). The effects of tillage practice and N and P placement on grain yield, biomass yield (whole plant, grain + cobs + stover), and N and P uptake of field corn (Zea mays L.) were assessed on four sites during 2007 and 2009 at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation & Soils Research Laboratory at Kimberly, ID. During each year, two locations (eroded and not eroded from furrow irrigation) were utilized as study locations. Band placement (15 to 20 cm below the soil surface) of fertilizer with ST increased corn grain yield by 12.5 (689 kg/ha) and 25.9% (1,626 kg/ha) on the eroded locations compared to broadcast N and P and 5 × 5-cm N under CT in 2007 and 2009, respectively. These increased yields also resulted in greater removal of N and P. Reduced tillage costs of ST with associated band placement of N and P could increase the economic productivity of many acres of land in the Pacific Northwest.
Performance analysis of an ATM service multiplexer in the NCIH

Analyzes the performance of an output-buffered asynchronous transfer mode service multiplexer (ATM-SMX) in the North Carolina Information Highway (NCIH). The ATM-SMX is modeled as a discrete-time finite-buffer single-server queueing system, where two types of traffic represent the inputs of the multiplexer: (1) nonreal-time loss-sensitive traffic; and (2) real-time loss-insensitive traffic. The authors assume that there are N identical type 1 sources each modeled as a Bernoulli process. The authors also assume that there is a single type 2 source modeled as a periodic batch arrival where the batch site follows a general distribution. All the slow-speed inputs of the ATM-SMX are multiplexed onto a single high-speed output link, and the service rate is constant. The authors adopt a scheduling policy which suits the characteristics of these two types of traffic. An exact analysis is developed to obtain the waiting time distributions and cell loss probabilities for both types of traffic.
Optimizing player experience in interactive narrative planning: a modular reinforcement learning approach

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in data-driven approaches to interactive narrative planning and drama management. Reinforcement learning techniques show particular promise because they can automatically induce and refine models for tailoring game events by optimizing reward functions that explicitly encode interactive narrative experiences' quality. Due to the inherently subjective nature of interactive narrative experience, designing effective reward functions is challenging. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of alternate formulations of reward in a reinforcement learning-based interactive narrative planner for the CRYSTAL ISLAND game environment. We formalize interactive narrative planning as a modular reinforcement-learning (MRL) problem. By decomposing interactive narrative planning into multiple independent sub-problems, MRL enables efficient induction of interactive narrative policies directly from a corpus of human players' experience data. Empirical analyses suggest that interactive narrative policies induced with MRL are likely to yield better player outcomes than heuristic or baseline policies. Furthermore, we observe that MRL-based interactive narrative planners are robust to alternate reward discount parameterizations.
Tumors of the peripheral nervous system of gynecologic interest: report of a case of a neurilemmoma within the right broad ligament mimicking an ovarian cyst.

Abstract 1. A case of a neurilemmoma arising in the right broad ligament and mimicking a right ovarian cyst is presented. 2. Scattered data regarding genital, pelvic, or retroperitoneal tumors of the peripheral nervous system of particular interest to gynecologists and obstetricians are compiled for ready reference.
Large-Scale Mapping of Lake Powell

Topographic map of entire reservoir basin and adjacent area to provide data for operation of Colorado River Storage Project; requirements, problems, and methods used to obtain topographic maps of project and construction phases of Glen Canyon dam.
The Continuum of Violence Against Latinas and Latinos

In the United States, Latinas and Latinos experience violence along a continuum, which is not linear and includes violence perpetrated by private individuals and public officials. While forms of violence by public officials stand apart from violence by private individuals, both are intricately connected and arguably codependent. Recently, officials and private individuals have turned their anger towards Latino workers who are undocumented, and may be recent arrivals in the United States. This recent trend continues the historic use of stereotypes to demonize Latinos and characterize Latinos as not fully American. This trend has escalated violence against Latinos and anyone perceived as Latino, regardless of immigrant status. This article provides an introduction to two New York City Law Review articles addressing the recent anti-Latino immigrant hate violence spreading across the United States.
When is it Mental

Most philosophical debate over mental causation has been concerned with reconciling commonsense intuitions that there are causal interactions between the mental and the physical with philosophical theories of the nature of the mental that seem to suggest otherwise. My concern is with a different and more practical problem. We often confront some cognitive, affective, or bodily phenomenon, and wonder about its source – its etiology or its underlying causal basis. For instance, you might wonder whether your queasiness due to something you ate, or whether it is just nervousness, or whether your aunt’s memory loss is a neurological problem or a psychological response to trauma. Such questions attempt to localize the causes of a phenomenon at some level in the complex multi-level systems that we human animals are. In this paper I will attempt to tease out the sense of level implicit in such questions, and to show how it is related to current mechanistic accounts of levels. I will argue that the explanation of our practices of level attribution is deeply pragmatic. Such attributions are often attempts to locate the causes of problems, and to identify interventions that could solve those problems.
Advertising and the Black Community

An opportunity exists for advertising to improve its social image by giving more attention to the black community. The potential contributions of advertising lie not only in increased employment of...
Daily Susceptibility of House Flies to Malathion

Adult Musca domestica L. treated topically at 3-hour intervals for a 24-hour period, did not exhibit a daily susceptibility rhythm to malathion, but flies reared under a 14:10 light: dark (LD) cycle or under continuous light were approximately 21% less susceptible to malathion than flies reared under LD 10:14. House flies reared under continuous red illumination did not exhibit mortality curves significantly different from those for flies reared without red light.
Biomarkers and Other Methods for Assessing Patient Progress

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection, appropriate assessment and management are key components to improve survival. Biomarkers that reflect underlying disease pathophysiology and correlate with disease progression and outcome may be useful in PAH. In this chapter, we discuss several biomarkers that have been investigated in PAH and will highlight their utility and limitations.
Relationship of the Amounts of Germs of Rice Blast Caught in the Air with the Incidence of Rice Blastin the Field and the Meteorological Factors in Cold Region

Adopting the fixed type spore catcher to monitor the amount of the Pyricularia oryzae in the air,the relationship of the amount of rice blast spores in the air of Kongyu 131 with the incidence of rice blast and meteorological factors was studied.The results showed that it was positive correlation between the amount of spores caught in the air and the incidence of leaf blast with a correlation coefficient of 0.848 4.The amount of the Pyricularia oryzae spores in each testing unit(the amount of the spore envisaged in the area of 18 mm×18 mm)came up to one or two,which would be used as parameter to chemical control against the leaf blast.It also showed that there was a positive correlation between the amount of the spores and the average temperature,with a correlation coefficient of 0.181 0,while there was a negative correlation between the rainfall and the amount of the spores whose correlation was-0.342 1.Meantime,the amount of the spores and the air relative humidity was positively correlated,and the correlation coefficient was 0.120 3.But it was negatively correlated with the wind speed with a correlation coefficient of-0.227 5.
Outpatient evaluation of patients with calcium urolithiasis.

AbstractEighty patients with proved calcium urolithiasis participated in an outpatient study designed to define the most likely metabolic problem related to the cause of the stone disease. Diagnostic categories included absorptive hypercalciuria (33 patients), renal leak hypercalciuria (20 patients), hypomagnesiumuria (27 patients), hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria (16 patients), hyperoxaluria (15 patients), normal stone-former (4 patients), renal tubular acidosis (2 patients) and suspicion of hyperparathyroidism (7 patients). Of the 80 patients 40 had more than 1 defect. Patients with a high suspicion of hyperparathyroidism were excluded from the study. Based on these criteria treatment plans incorporating medications, diet or both were instituted. Of 21 patients observed for>2 years 90 per cent have shown no new stone disease.
Quick polytope approximation of all correlated equilibria in stochastic games

Stochastic or Markov games serve as reasonable models for a variety of domains from biology to computer security, and are appealing due to their versatility. In this paper we address the problem of finding the complete set of correlated equilibria for general-sum stochastic games with perfect information. We present QPACE – an algorithm orders of magnitude more efficient than previous approaches while maintaining a guarantee of convergence and bounded error. Finally, we validate our claims and demonstrate the limits of our algorithm with extensive empirical tests.
G-protein-coupled receptor expression and purification

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral proteins of the cell membrane and are directly involved in the regulation of many biological functions and in drug targeting. However, our knowledge of GPCRs' structure and function remains limited. The first bottleneck in GPCR studies is producing sufficient quantities of soluble, functional, and stable receptors. Currently, GPCR production largely depends on the choice of the overexpression host system and the type of detergent used to extract the GPCR from the cell membrane and stabilize the protein outside the membrane bilayer. Here, we present three protocols that we employ in our lab to produce and solubilize stable GPCRs by cell-free in vitro translation systems, HEK cells, and Escherichia coli. Stable receptors can be purified using immunoaffinity chromatography and gel filtration and can be analyzed with standard biophysical techniques and biochemical assays.
How Many Samples?! Assessing the Mean of Parameters Important for Denitrification in High and Low Disturbance Headwater Wetlands of Central Pennsylvania

Due to large time and monetary costs involved with sampling for denitrification and other biogeochemical processes, many studies are limited to only a few samples per site. However, denitrification is a highly spatially and temporally variable process due to high variability of the biogeochemical parameters underpinning denitrification such as nitrate (NO3−), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH. Accurately assessing wetlands for the means of parameters underpinning denitrification is vital, as inaccurate means can result in incorrect estimates of wetland-scale denitrification as well as inaccurate parameterization and validation of denitrification models. To examine adequate sample size for these parameters, shallow groundwater samples were collected from twenty wells each at two high disturbance (surrounded by agriculture) and two low disturbance (surrounded by forest) headwater riparian wetlands in central Pennsylvania on May 21st, 2013. A Monte Carlo analysis was used along with a cutoff of 10 % coefficient of variation to assess the appropriate number of samples required to accurately assess mean temperature, pH, DO, DOC, and NO3− within headwater wetlands. Temperature and pH required only one sample to accurately assess the site mean. DO required seven or more samples, while DOC and NO3− required ten or more samples to accurately assess the site mean. No differences were noted in required sample size between high and low disturbance sites. These results highlight the importance of taking numerous samples for wetland denitrification studies.
PbS quantum dots-induced trap-assisted charge injection in perovskite photodetectors

Abstract In this study, we report solution-processed photodetectors fabricated by methylammonium triiodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) incorporated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) through the trap-assisted charge-injection effect. In order to increase the photo-responsivity by eliminating the charge injection barrier from the cathode electrode, PbS QDs, which possesses large amount of trap states, are introduced into the CH3NH3PbI3 thin film for establishing ohmic contact at the CH3NH3PbI3/aluminum (Al) interface. As a result, an external quantum efficiency of ~4500%, a photoresponsivity of ~15,000 mA/W and a detectivity of over 6×1013 Jones (1 Jones=1 cmHz1/2 W−1) at a small bias of 2 V, and a photoresponse time of 11.5 µs are observed from the solution-processed photodetectors fabricated by the CH3NH3PbI3:PbS QDs nanocomposites thin film.
Advances in sensing technologies for poultry inspection

Consumers have long considered regulated inspections of meat and poultry production and slaughter as a means to protect the general public from health-threatening or even deadly unwholesome meat and poultry supplies. Today, consumers rely on United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) inspectors to ensure a healthy, risk-free supply of poultry products in retail establishments.