cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Demonization of Patronage: Folk Devils and the Boston Globe’s Coverage of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

This chapter argues that the negative view of patronage that pervades the public culture in Massachusetts (and elsewhere) resulted in its use as a "folk devil" following the terrorist attacks of 9/11. More specifically, the patronage folk devil was used to initiate a moral panic that implied an unsubstantiated causal link between personnel practices and the hijacking of two airplanes out of Logan Airport. The discussion begins with an explanation of moral panic theory and a definition of the folk devil concept. This is followed by a brief overview of the historical development of the patronage folk devil, followed by the relationship between Boston and patronage. The relevance of moral panic analysis to the Massport patronage case can be assessed using the framework established by Goode and Ben-Yehuda. They identified five criteria that must be present for a moral panic to exist: concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality, and volatility.
Optimization of Isolation and Further Molecular and Functional Characterization of SSEA-4+/Oct-4+/CD133+/CXCR4+/LINneg/CD45neg Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells Isolated from Umbilical Cord Blood.

Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) reside in human tissues. Recently, we identified a population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) SCs in umbilical cord blood (CB) (Leukemia2007;21:297-303). These VSELs are: i) very small in size ( + /Oct-4 + /CD133 + /CD34 + /CXCR4 + /Lin neg / CD45 neg ; iii) responsive to a stromal derived factor (SDF)-1 gradient; and iv) possess large nuclei that contain primitive euchromatin. In the current study, we optimized their isolation/purification strategy and employed several imaging and molecular techniques to better analyze these primitive cells. We noticed that because of their small size, CD133 + / Lin neg /CD45 neg VSELs are lost (42.5±12.6%) during routine CB unit processing by volume depletion before storage/freezing. Interestingly, these cells are more resistant to changes following freezing and thawing as compared to normal hematopoietic (H)SCs. Interestingly, 82.7±17.3% of the initially frozen CD133 + /Lin neg /CD45 neg VSELs are preserved in frozen CB units, while only 65.0±6.1% CD133 + /Lin neg /CD45 neg HSCs are recovered. Furthermore, when we employed Ficoll centrifugation to purify CB mononuclear cells (CB MNCs), we found that while 59.8±7.2% of CD133 + /Lin neg /CD45 neg VSELs were lost, their hematopoietic counterparts (CD133 + /Lin neg /CD45 + ) were almost fully recovered (Fig. 1A). These data indicate that other more “VSEL-saving” strategies of erythrocyte depletion should be developed because of the unusual size and density of these cells. We also established that the most the optimal “VSEL-saving” strategy to deplete erythrocytes from CB was hypotonic lysis. However, we noticed that during this procedure, lyzed erythrocytes release phosphatidyloserine positive (PS + ) membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) and these PS + MVs preferentially bind to VSELs. Because of this phenomenon, VSELs become PS + and may be falsely recognized as apoptotic cells in the Annexin-V-binding assay. The unique morphological features of VSELs were confirmed by several complementary imaging methods. ImageStream analysis revealed that VSELs are smaller than erythrocytes, are larger than platelets, and posses a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (Fig. 1B). The fraction of CD133 + /Lin neg /CD45 neg ) VSELs with the smallest size (
Source dimensions and stress drops of small earthquakes near Parkfield, California

Abstract Source dimensions and stress drops of 30 small Parkfield, California, earthquakes with coda duration magnitudes between 1.2 and 3.9 have been estimated from measurements on short-period velocity-transducer seismograms. Times from the initial onset to the first zero crossing, corrected for attenuation and instrument response, have been interpreted in terms of a circular source model in which rupture expands radially outward from a point until it stops abruptly at radius a . For each earthquake, duration magnitude M D gave an estimate of seismic moment M O and M O and a together gave an estimate of static stress drop. All 30 earthquakes are located on a 6-km-long segment of the San Andreas fault at a depth range of about 8 to 13 km. Source radius systemically increases with magnitude from about 70 m for events near M D 1.4 to about 600 m for an event of M D 3.9. Static stress drop ranges from about 2 to 30 bars and is not strongly correlated with magnitude. Static stress drop does appear to be spatially dependent; the earthquakes with stress drops greater than 20 bars are concentrated in a small region close to the hypocenter of the magnitude 5 1 2 1966 Parkfield earthquake.
3D bioprinting: improving in vitro models of metastasis with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments

Even with many advances in treatment over the past decades, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the recognized relationship between metastasis and increased mortality rate, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanism of metastatic progression. Currently available in vitro models cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of tumors in vivo Our understanding of metastatic progression would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the salient features of cancer biology. Bioengineering groups have been working for over two decades to create in vitro microenvironments for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Over this time, advances in 3D printing technology and biomaterials research have jointly led to the creation of 3D bioprinting, which has improved our ability to develop in vitro models with complexity approaching that of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we give an overview of 3D bioprinting methods developed for tissue engineering, which can be directly applied to constructing in vitro models of heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. We discuss considerations and limitations associated with 3D printing and highlight how these advances could be harnessed to better model metastasis and potentially guide the development of anti-cancer strategies.
Response of glyphosate-resistant horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] to a premix of atrazine, bicyclopyrone, mesotrione, and S-metolachlor

A premix of atrazine, bicyclopyrone, mesotrione, and S-metolachlor has recently been commercialized for pre-emergence (PRE) and early post-emergence (POST) control of broadleaved and annual grass w...
Drowning of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Eggs in Water

Chrysomya rufifacies is an important blowfly species used to estimate the postmortem interval of corpses. Chrysomya rufifacies eggs were submerged in water for 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, and 10 minutes to see if the eggs can survive being submerged in water. The number of successfully hatched eggs was recorded and there was only a significant difference with the 10 minutes treatment. Based on the results, C. rufifacies eggs can tolerate water until 10 minutes of submergence. This result can mean that even though C. rufifacies eggs can tolerate water, their emergence can be affected by water after 10 minutes of submergence. This is the first experiment that deals with the drowning of C. rufifacies eggs which is important for the emergence time that helps estimate the PMI of a corpse.
BUILDING SOCIAL SUPPORT IN ADULT CHILD CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA: THE NYUCI-AC

Psychsocial interventions for families of people with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias often focus on building coping skills, providing respite, or building social support to mitgate the potential negative effects of care provision. The NYU Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI), a multi-component psychosocial intervention that offers individual and family counseling, support groups, and ongoing consultation originally tested for spousal caregivers, was adpated for adult child dementia caregivers in Minnesota (NYUCI-AC). The current study examined whether the NYUCI-AC was effective in improving perceptions of social support among adult child caregivers of persons with dementia who received this intervention, a key clinical objective of this intervention. A single blind, randomized controlled study design was used, and 107 adult child caregivers participated up to a 3 years. Based on our prior analyses of NYUCI-AC outcomes, a series of individual growth curve models will suggest the complex effects of a multi-component intervention over time on various domains of social support. A documented mechanism of benefit of the NYUCI is its ability to build social support among spousal dementia caregivers; the present study is anticipated to demonstrate that the NYUCI-AC will exert similar effects, but also deviate in important ways from the parent NYUCI. Process evaluation data as well as a counselor case study will further document how the NYUCI-AC did or did not enhance social support among adult child caregivers of persons with dementia.
Health Information National Trends Survey in American Sign Language (HINTS-ASL): Protocol for the Cultural Adaptation and Linguistic Validation of a National Survey.

Background: The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) collects nationally representative data about the American’s public use of health-related information. This survey is available in English and Spanish, but not in American Sign Language (ASL). Thus, the exclusion of ASL users from these national health information survey studies has led to a significant gap in knowledge of Internet usage for health information access in this underserved and understudied population. Objective: The objectives of this study are (1) to culturally adapt and linguistically translate the HINTS items to ASL (HINTS-ASL); and (2) to gather information about deaf people’s health information seeking behaviors across technology-mediated platforms. Methods: We modified the standard procedures developed at the US National Center for Health Statistics Cognitive Survey Laboratory to culturally adapt and translate HINTS items to ASL. Cognitive interviews were conducted to assess clarity and delivery of these HINTS-ASL items. Final ASL video items were uploaded to a protected online survey website. The HINTS-ASL online survey has been administered to over 1350 deaf adults (ages 18 to 90 and up) who use ASL. Data collection is ongoing and includes deaf adult signers across the United States. Results: Some items from HINTS item bank required cultural adaptation for use with deaf people who use accessible services or technology. A separate item bank for deaf-related experiences was created, reflecting deaf-specific technology such as sharing health-related ASL videos through social network sites and using video remote interpreting services in health settings. After data collection is complete, we will conduct a series of analyses on deaf people’s health information seeking behaviors across technology-mediated platforms. Conclusions: HINTS-ASL is an accessible health information national trends survey, which includes a culturally appropriate set of items that are relevant to the experiences of deaf people who use ASL. The final HINTS-ASL product will be available for public use upon completion of this study. [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(9):e172]
Predator counteradaptations: stealth echolocation overcomes insect sonar-jamming and evasive-manoeuvring defences

Although bat–insect interactions are often described as an ‘evolutionary arms race’, conclusive evidence for bat counterstrategies to insect defences has been difficult to acquire. Previous studies have indicated that some bats use low-amplitude, ‘stealth’ echolocation to counter moth hearing. However, actual bat–insect interactions have not been documented to validate this finding. We hypothesized that the bat Corynorhinus townsendii uses stealth echolocation to overcome prey defences. We measured C. townsendii call intensities as they attacked tethered moths in the field and in a large outdoor flight cage. We also used three-dimensional videography to document C. townsendii and Myotis volans , which uses intensities more typical of aerial-hawking bats, as they attacked free-flying moths in a flight cage. Source levels of C. townsendii calls were 93.6 ± 6.1 dB at 0.1 m in open field conditions and 81.9 ± 6.9 dB in the more enclosed flight cage, values that are 20–45 dB lower than other aerial-hawking bats under similar conditions. Sound levels arriving at prey were mostly below known thresholds for eliciting late-attack defences. Free-flying moths were 49–66% less likely to exhibit evasive manoeuvring and sonar-jamming defences during attacks by C. townsendii compared to M. volans . Prey also exhibited lower peak velocities and accelerations during attacks, factors that are known to affect bat capture success. Accordingly, C. townsendii had 31% higher capture success against moths overall and 52% higher capture success against the sonar-jamming moth Bertholdia trigona . We conclude that stealth echolocation is an evolutionary counteradaptation to insect defences because there is no known benefit for C. townsendii to use low-amplitude calls outside of predator–prey interactions, and such calls come with considerable cost in reduced prey detection distances.
Changes in white matter microstructure predict lithium response in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Objectives To investigate whether response to lithium treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder can be predicted by changes in white matter microstructure in key cortico-limbic tracts involved in emotion regulation. Methods Eighteen clinically referred lithium-naive patients (mean age 15.5 years) were administered clinical rating scales and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examinations at baseline and following 4 weeks of lithium treatment. Clinical ratings were repeated following 8 weeks of treatment. Patients with Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) ratings of 1 (“very much improved”) or 2 (“much improved”) were classified as responders. Ten healthy volunteers received baseline and follow-up DTI examinations. Using the ENIGMA pipeline, we investigated the relationship between changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulum hippocampus (CGH) and clinical response to lithium. Results Patients demonstrated significantly lower FA compared to healthy volunteers in the left and right CGH white matter at baseline. Following 4 weeks of lithium treatment, FA in the left CGH increased in patients, but no significant changes in FA were observed among the untreated healthy volunteers. Lithium responders had a significantly greater increase in FA compared to non-responders. Moreover, baseline (pre-treatment) FA in the left CGH white matter significantly predicted week 8 overall CGI severity score, with post hoc analyses indicating that these effects were evident for both severity of depression and mania. Conclusions Our findings suggest that response to lithium treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder is associated with normalization of white matter microstructure in regions associated with emotion processing.
Race influences parent report of concerns about symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

Racial differences in parent report of concerns about their child’s development to healthcare providers may contribute to delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in Black children. We tested the hypotheses that compared to White parents, Black parents of children with autism spectrum disorder would report fewer concerns about autism symptoms and would be more likely to report concerns about disruptive behaviors. A sample of 18- to 40-month-old toddlers (N = 174) with autism spectrum disorder and their parent participated. After screening positive for autism spectrum disorder risk, but prior to a diagnostic evaluation, parents completed free-response questions soliciting concerns about their child’s development. Parent responses were coded for the presence or the absence of 10 possible concerns, which were grouped into autism concerns (e.g. social and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns) or non-autism concerns (e.g. general developmental and disruptive behavior concerns). Compared to White paren...
Numerical Simulations of Vlasov Equilibria

Solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system which correspond to undamped travelling waves near a maxwellian equilibrium are analysed numerically. The results are strongly in favour of a recently developed theory which predicts the existence of BGK modes arbitrarily close to any spatially homogeneous equilibrium.
CLIMATIC OSCILLATIONS IN THE BIOSPHERE

The history of the biosphere is a peculiar mixture of patterned and random processes, which are not easily untangled. Three sets of patterned processes are here discussed: A major climatic cycle with a period (?) of around 300 m.y.; an intermediate one in the 30 m.y. range; and a family of cycles in the 10,000 to 100,000 year domain. The long cycle is here interpreted as one in atmospheric carbon dioxide pressure, leading to an alternation of “greenhouse” and “icehouse” states. The origin is attributed to changes in the patterns and vigor of mantle convection, and two related phenomena: volcanism and fluctuations in sea level. The causes of the 30 m.y. rhythm remain enigmatic. The 10,000-100,000 year rhythms seem to be related to the Earth's orbital perturbations, as suggested long ago. These environmental fluctuations stress organic communities in various ways, and have been instrumental in steering their evolution.
Collaborative Research Models for Transforming Teaching and Learning Experiences

In urban schools with high percentages of economically disadvantaged and racially marginalized students, external control tactics (e.g., high-stakes testing, threats of state take over) and internal miscues (e.g., cultural misalignments in schema and practices) contribute to the tensions existing between administrators, teachers, and students. Often in opposition to one another in a top-down model of leadership, power relationships are stratified in vertical directions and serve to truncate rather than expand the possibilities for individual and collective agency. Introducing collaborative research models into classrooms in such schools serves to provide individuals with opportunities to contribute and develop fresh perspectives and practices for understanding, reconceptualizing, and transforming shared teaching and learning experiences.
Results from ORNL Characterization of HRB-21 Reference Fuel

This document is a compilation of the characterization data produced by ORNL for coated UCO fuel particles (350 {micro}m kernel diameter) fabricated by GA for the HRB-21 irradiation test capsule. The archived fuel particles form the batch used in HRB-21 were obtained by the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification (AGR) program for use as a reference material. The GA characterization data for this batch of fuel particles is presented in document GT-HTGR-88357, Rev. C, 'Capsule HRB-21 Preirradiation Report'. The archived fuel particles obtained by the AGR Program are from batch 8876-70, which was the parent batch for batch 8876-70-O, which was actually irradiated in HRB-21. The difference between batches 8876-70 and 8876-70-L is that the particles in batch 8876-70 do not have the seal coat and protective pyrocarbon coating (PPyC) that were deposited over the OPyC layer in batch 8876-70-O. The ORNL designation for the material characterized is AGR-10. This document summarizes characterization of the HRB-21 fuel for size, shape, coating thickness, and density. Fracture behavior and microstructural analysis of the layers and interfaces is compared to previous analyses of the German proof test particles (EU 2358-2365) published in ORNL/CF-04/06. Further detailed comparative study of the microstructure of these two reference materials would be valuable to continue to define the property differences between particles which exhibited good irradiation performance (the German particles) and poor irradiation performance (the HRB-21 particles).
Gasless Transaxillary Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with Robotic Assistance: A High-Volume Experience in North America.

Background: Since its introduction nine years ago, gasless transaxillary thyroidectomy with robotic assistance (RT) has achieved a relatively limited application in North America. This study aimed ...
Effect of cooled perches on performance, plumage condition, and foot health of caged White Leghorn hens exposed to cyclic heat.

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of water-chilled perches as cooling devices on hen performance during 2 summers using daily cyclic heat. White Leghorns, 17 wk of age, were assigned to 36 cages arranged into 6 banks. The banks were assigned to cooled perches, air perches, and no perches resulting in 2 replicate banks and 12 cages per treatment. Chilled water (10°C) was circulated through the cooled perches during heat episodes. Daily cyclic heat of 35°C was applied from 0600 to1800 h with a lowering of temperature to 28°C from 1800 to 0600 h during the 2014 and 2015 summers when hens were 21 to 35 and 73 to 80 wk of age, respectively. Mortality and egg production were recorded daily. Feed utilization, egg weight, and shell quality traits were measured at 4-wk intervals during the heat episodes and at 8-wk intervals during thermoneutrality. Body weight was determined at 17, 35, 72, and 80 wk of age and physical condition at 80 wk of age. At several ages during the heat episodes, cooled perch hens had increased egg production (P
Wisdom and the Origins of Moral Knowledge

Aristotle presents his Nicomachean Ethics and Politics as an ordered pair comprising political science (he politike episteme), suggesting an axiomatic structure of theorems that are demonstratively deduced from first principles. He holds that this systematic knowledge of ethical and legislative matters provides the ‘universals’ essential to phronesis or practical wisdom, and that its acquisition begins in sound habituation. Aristotle thereby assigns habituation an epistemic role that must be understood in light of his account of the nature of a science. This paper argues that what would be inductively established by, or on the basis of, sound habituation is the supposition that the natural kind of activity constitutive of living well exists; it establishes the supposition on which Aristotle’s definition of a eudaimon life rests. Having addressed this central interpretive issue, the paper sketches a psychologically grounded position on the substantive philosophical questions at stake. Are there natural signs of flourishing and failure to flourish present to us in our experience of attempts to live well? If such signs exist but are not sufficient to qualify ethical beliefs as knowledge in their own right, might they play a role in a science of what is good and bad for human beings?
Prognostic value of vasoactive-inotropic score following continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) in predicting outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and explore possible mechanisms of post-operative hemodynamic instability. METHODS Retrospective review was performed in 418 consecutive patients with LVAD implantation. VIS was calculated as dopamine + dobutamine + 10 × milrinone + 100 × epinephrine + 100 × norepinephrine (all μg/kg/min) + 10000 × vasopressin (U/kg/min) after initial stabilization in the operating room and upon arrival at the intensive care unit. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were a composite of in-hospital mortality, delayed right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation, and continuous renal replacement therapy. The pre-operative biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, endotoxemia and gut-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were measured in a subset of 61 patients. RESULTS Median VIS was 20.0 (interquartile range 13.3–27.9). VIS was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.09, p CONCLUSIONS A high post-operative VIS is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes and is a better predictor of in-hospital mortality compared with existing LVAD risk models. Whether early hemodynamic stabilization using RVAD may benefit patients with a high VIS remains to be investigated.
Paper or Online?: A Comparison of Exam Grading Techniques

As computer science enrollments continue to surge, exam grading requires significant instructional resources. Online grading platforms have been developed in recent years and have been adopted at a number of institutions; however, their effectiveness compared with traditional grading on paper is not fully known. This study is the first in CS to compare online and paper grading. Comparing overall time to grade, including all factors, online grading doesn't show a consistent advantage compared with paper grading. We observed that online grading is much faster during the actual grading phase, but some of this benefit is offset by the additional overhead prior to grading (e.g., scanning) for online grading. Examining student and grader preferences based on feedback, both groups show a strong preference for the online format, predominately due to the convenience of the online platform. Graders report being able to grade more accurately online with the ability to modify rubrics, but that grading on paper tends to result in more social interactions among graders.
Primary Tooth Luxation Injuries

A traumatic injury to the mouth that results in partial or complete displacement of one or more teeth out of the socket, is called a luxation injury. One of the concerns related to this type of injury is that the root of the luxated primary tooth may cause damage to the developing permanent tooth bud. This is more likely when a primary tooth is intruded or when it is luxated labially, causing the root to be pushed toward the developing permanent tooth. There is also risk to the permanent tooth when a primary tooth is avulsed, presumably due to the impact on the alveolar bone that caused the avulsion. Priorities for management of luxated primary teeth include efforts to maintain the health of the primary teeth while minimizing the risk for damage to the developing permanent teeth.
Calculation of Capacitance Parameters of XLPE Submarine Cable Based on Finite Element Method

XLPE submarine cable is an important transmission channel for cross-sea interconnection of power grid. It requires high comprehensive electrical performance. The capacitance rise phenomenon of XLPE submarine cable needs to be focused on, which requires accurate capacitance parameters of XLPE submarine cable. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite element model of single-core and three-core XLPE optical fiber composite submarine cable is established by using finite element method (FEM). The energy of element is calculated when applying different potentials between the core and armor, and then the capacitance parameters of submarine cables are obtained. Results can be used as a comparative verification of the actual measurement, and also provide accurate capacitance parameters for fault analysis.
OT Assessment in Substance-Use Disorder (SUD): A Qualitative Study of Current Practices

Substance-use disorder (SUD) affects roles, identity, and quality of life and limits activities of daily living and social engagement. This session reports the results of a qualitative study utilizing interviews and surveys of OTs in mental-health settings to determine what assessments they use for persons with SUD. Results show that OT practitioners primarily use nonstandardized and some standardized assessments to evaluate persons with SUD. Additional Authors and Speakers: Mary Hildebrand Primary Author and Speaker: Andrea Boerding
FOXO Transcription Factors Activate Alternative Major Immediate Early Promoters to Induce Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation

A key step during viral reactivation from latency is the re-expression of viral genes. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) support human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency, and their differentiation triggers cellular cues that drive reactivation. A key step during HCMV reactivation in latently infected HPCs is re-expression of viral genes. We recently determined that the major immediate early promoter (MIEP), which is primarily responsible for MIE gene expression during lytic replication, remains silent during reactivation. Instead, alternative promoters in the MIE locus are induced by reactivation stimuli. Here, we find that forkhead family (FOXO) transcription factors are critical for activation of alternative MIE promoters during HCMV reactivation, as mutating FOXO binding sites in alternative MIE promoters decreased HCMV IE gene expression upon reactivation and significantly decreased the production of infectious virus from latently infected primary CD34+ HPCs. These findings establish a mechanistic link by which infected cells sense environmental cues to regulate latency and reactivation, and emphasize the role of contextual activation of alternative MIE promoters as the primary drivers of reactivation.
40 Years After: A Workplace for All

Diversity and inclusion are key to the modern work environment. A recent study by Forbes Insights, "Global Diversity and Inclusion: Fostering Innovation through a Diverse Workforce," produced significant findings on this. On top of the list was that diversity is a key driver of innovation and is a critical component of being successful on a global scale. According to the study, senior executives recognized that a diverse set of experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds is crucial to innovation and the development of new ideas. A second finding was that a diverse and inclusive workforce is crucial for companies that want to attract and retain top talent. The competition for talent is fierce in our global economy. As such, top employers are increasingly putting plans in place to recruit, develop, and retain a diverse workforce. Although significant progress has been made to build and retain diverse workforces, progress still needs to be made in the areas of age, gender diversity, and disability. Members will agree—The Electrochemical Society is on the forefront of diversity and inclusion.
Meloidogyne hapla, the Northern Root-Knot Nematode, in Florida Strawberries and Associated Double-Cropped Vegetables

Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla) are rather uncommon nematode parasites of strawberries and vegetables in Florida, but when present they are capable of causing significant crop loss. Root-knot nematodes are largely unknown to strawberry growers in Florida and very little is known about their biology and behavior in the state. This 5-page fact sheet written by J. Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Entomology and Nematology is intended to educate and provide information on this nematode to researchers, Extension agents, growers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders in the strawberry and vegetable community. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1224
RACE, PLACE, AND RELATIONSHIP FORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Despite the increased use of dating technology for finding and forming romantic relationships, location remains relevant for relationship formation. While current research on relationship formation attends to the ratio of marriageable men to women, marital attitudes, and gendered racial exclusion, this research does not always consider a nuanced look at how location can also constrain opportunities to make short- or long-term romantic connections. Drawing on interviews with 111 Asian, White, Black, and Latina heterosexual college-educated women between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-three, I find that regardless of race/ethnicity, women observe that some places provide limited opportunities to meet men and that the mismatch between their dating norms, beliefs, and/or expectations for relationships and the location where they reside make their search more difficult. Women of color additionally note that some locations provide fewer opportunities for same-race and/or interracial dating than others. I also find that women of color are more likely to employ strategies to address their locational barriers than White women. Therefore, I argue that not only does location continue to matter for forming romantic connections in the digital age, but that location and race also intersect to create unique locational barriers for women of color. This intersection, consequently, demonstrates that the opportunities for relationship formation remain stratified despite the rise of dating technology.
Scurvy in a Pediatric Patient With Autism and Limp: A Case Report

Abstract Background Limping is a common chief complaint in the pediatric emergency department (ED) and can be difficult to assess in pediatric patients, particularly if they have developmental delay. Case Report We present a case of a 5-year-old male with nonverbal autism who presented with a progressive limp, weakness, pain, and rash over the course of 1 month. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvis performed while the patient was sedated revealed multifocal osseous marrow signal abnormalities, ultimately consistent with vitamin C deficiency or scurvy. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? Scurvy can present with nonspecific limp, rash, and bony pain and should be considered in pediatric patients with developmental/sensory delay who may restrict their diets. Emergency physicians should broaden their differential diagnoses to nutritional deficiencies such as scurvy in the evaluation of pediatric patients with limp.
Traditional and Online Media: Relationship between Media Preference, Credibility Perceptions , Predispositions, and European Identity

The present study investigates the relationship between people’s preference of either traditional or online media for news consumption, credibility evaluation of media and their sense of European identity. In order to do so, the study draws on the Social Identity Theory and the findings of social psychologists which situate European identity a concept that corresponds to an individuals’ subjective assignment to a collective and their affective and evaluative attachment to it. The analysis based on Eurobarometer survey data reveals that preferences of both online and traditional media for political news positively affects European identity. However, such an effect is dependent on people’s pre-existing attitudes towards the EU and if they perceive the media to be neutral and credible.
A Comparison of Manual Versus Automated Quantitative Production Analysis of Connected Speech.

Purpose Analysis of connected speech in the field of adult neurogenic communication disorders is essential for research and clinical purposes, yet time and expertise are often cited as limiting fac...
Few Shot Dialogue State Tracking using Meta-learning

Dialogue State Tracking (DST) forms a core component of automated chatbot based systems designed for specific goals like hotel, taxi reservation, tourist information etc. With the increasing need to deploy such systems in new domains, solving the problem of zero/few-shot DST has become necessary. There has been a rising trend for learning to transfer knowledge from resource-rich domains to unknown domains with minimal need for additional data. In this work, we explore the merits of meta-learning algorithms for this transfer and hence, propose a meta-learner D-REPTILE specific to the DST problem. With extensive experimentation, we provide clear evidence of benefits over conventional approaches across different domains, methods, base models and datasets with significant (5-25%) improvement over the baseline in a low-data setting. Our proposed meta-learner is agnostic of the underlying model and hence any existing state-of-the-art DST system can improve its performance on unknown domains using our training strategy.
Secondary overtriage of isolated facial trauma

Abstract Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Academic, tertiary care, level I trauma center in a rural state. Background Unnecessary transfer of certain facial trauma patients results in a burden of time, money, and other resources on both the patient and healthcare system; identification and development of outpatient treatment pathways for these patients is a significant opportunity for cost savings. Objectives To investigate the treatment and disposition of un-complicated, stable, isolated facial trauma injuries transferred from outside hospitals and determine the significance of secondary overtriage. Methods Retrospective chart review utilizing our institutional trauma database, including patients transferred to our emergency department between January 2012 and December 2017. Patients were identified by ICD9 or ICD10 codes and only those with isolated facial trauma were included. Results We identified 538 isolated facial trauma patients who were transferred to our institution during the study period. The majority of those patients were transferred via ground ambulance for an average of 76 miles. Overall, 82% of patients (N = 440) were discharged directly from our institution's emergency department. Almost 30% of patients did not require any formal treatment for their injuries; the potential savings associated with elimination of these unnecessary transfers was estimated to be between $388,605 and $771,372. Conclusions We identified a high rate of patients with stable, isolated facial trauma that could potentially be evaluated and treated without emergent transfer. The minimization of these unnecessary transfers represents a significant opportunity for cost and resource utilization savings. Level of evidence 2b- Economic and Cost Analysis.
Strategic Partisans: Electoral Motivations and Partisanship in Local Government Communication

Strategic Partisans: Electoral Motivations and Partisanship in Local Government Communication
Demography, Symmetry and the Emergence of Universal Patterns in Urban Systems

Urban areas exist in a wide variety of population sizes, from small towns to huge megaci- ties. The statistics of city size distributions have been under scrutiny for over a century. No proposed form has received more attention than Zipf’s law, a Pareto distribution with power value one. Data from many urban systems approximately support Zipf’s distribution while typically also violating its expectations for small and large cities and showing variations in ex- ponents. No theory presently exists to derive city size distributions from demographic choices while also explaining consistent variations. Here we show how the structure of migration flows between cities together with the differential magnitude of their vital rates determine a variety of size distributions. These results provide a powerful framework for deriving Zipf’s law and other size distributions under specific additional conditions, and to resolve puzzles associated with their deviations in terms of concepts of symmetry, information, and selection.
Does Carbon-14 Dating Have Capacity for Dating of Timing of Existence of a Living Organism on Earth? Formal Axiomatic Evidence

Suppose credibility and reliability of Carbon-14 dating. This study provides unambiguous formal axiomatic (mathematical) evidence that ages for fossils that are produced by Carbon-14 (¹⁴C) dating inherently lack robustness for placement of the exact time during which corresponding living organisms actually lived on earth. The formal axiomatic evidence further establishes that ¹⁴C ages are not good qualitative proxies for true ages of corresponding living organisms. In this respect, there exists an important counterfactual result, namely, fossils from environments characterized by declining stores of carbon date older than fossils from environments characterized by stable stores of carbon. Fossils of living organisms from two different spatial locations, which are known to be of the same age, also can date to different realizations of ¹⁴C ages. These formal axiomatic predictions all are empirically testable. Totality of study predictions provides unambiguous axiomatic evidence that, relative to true ages of living organisms, ¹⁴C dating fails each of tests for quantitative and qualitative robustness. We have then that the assertion, to wit, manlike forms have been on earth for as much as 50,000 years, an assertion derived, in entirety, from ¹⁴C dating, lacks robustness, as such cannot be asserted to be an unequivocal scientific fact.
Saint-Venant’s Principle in Anisotropic Elasticity Theory

The simplification arising in elasticity theory from consideration of resultant boundary conditions instead of mathematically exact pointwise conditions has been the key to widespread application of the subject. We cite, for example, the theories for strength of materials, plates and shells having such relaxed boundary conditions as cornerstones of their development. The justification for consideration of load resultants is usually based on some form of Saint-Venant’s principle characterizing the boundary layer behavior involved. Hence there has been continued interest in investigation of the issues underlying this ‘principle’, both from a mathematical and physical point of view.
The Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) for International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) Program utilizes the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) hardware to mate/berth or demate/deberth two pressurized elements on-orbit. Berthing and deberthing of two elements together on-orbit occurs many times throughout the Space Station Assembly Sequence to provide pressurized access between the module vestibules via hatches. The CBM system was developed by Boeing at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, under contract to NASA, and the CBM Control and Actuation Components were developed by Honeywell Engines & Systems in Torrance, California, under contract to Boeing.
Comparative Advantage: Answering Some Student Questions

Most textbooks of international trade deal with comparative advantage with money prices in a cursory manner, if at all. Students on the other hand think primarily in terms of money prices and tend to think of higher productivity solely in terms of lower prices. This paper provides a step by step exposition of comparative advantage and trade using money prices and exchange rates, taking as the initial starting point the student perspective of productivity and comparative advantage, typically a disequilibrium perspective. Such an exposition, used in conjunction with the traditional exposition, may be of added benefit to students in internalizing the concept of comparative advantage.
The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on World Broiler Trade

Studies of how exchange rate volatility affects aggregate trade flows implicitly assume a uniform response across individual sectors. This is highly unlikely given that the responsiveness of trade to exchange rate fluctuations could depend on the biological, marketing, and economic factors specific to a commodity. Consequently, we focused solely on broilers for this analysis, which is a leading sector in global meat trade. Using a gravity model, we assessed how two measures of exchange rate volatility (short- and long-run) affect cross-partner broiler trade. Our results indicated that long-run exchange rate volatility has a negative and significant effect on broiler trade, albeit small when compared to the effects of population, regionalization, and sharing a common border; the short-run effect of exchange rate volatility was insignificant. Overall, results suggest that exchange rate volatility has little or no effect on bilateral broiler trade. [EconLit citations: C32, F14, Q17].
Examining Legislative Cue‐Taking in the US Senate

We examine congressional cue-taking theory to determine its extent, conditionality, and various forms in the US Senate. Using a novel data-collection technique (timed C-SPAN footage), we focus on temporal dynamics via event history analysis. Examining the effects of senator characteristics across 16 votes from the 108th Congress, we find that committee leadership and seniority generally predict cue-giving, while other types of characteristics predict cue-giving on certain types of votes. Our results underscore the importance of considering the order and timing of voting when studying congressional behavior.
Impact of Virologic Breakthrough and HBIG Regimen on Hepatitis B Recurrence After Liver Transplantation

The availability of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and several oral antiviral therapies has reduced but not eliminated hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence. We aimed to determine the rate of HBV recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in relation to virologic breakthrough pre-OLT and HBIG regimens post-OLT. Data from the NIH HBV-OLT database were analyzed. A total of 183 patients transplanted between 2001 and 2007 followed for a median of 42 months (range 1-81) post-OLT were studied. At transplant, 29% were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (+), 38.5% had HBV DNA > 5 log(10) copies/mL, 74% were receiving antiviral therapy. Twenty-five patients experienced virologic breakthrough before OLT. Post-OLT, 26%, 22%, 40% and 12% of patients received intravenous (IV) high-dose, IV low-dose, intramuscular low-dose and a finite duration of HBIG, respectively as maintenance prophylaxis. All but two patients also received antiviral therapy. Cumulative rates of HBV recurrence at 1 and 5 years were 3% and 9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that listing HBeAg status and HBV DNA level at OLT were the only factors associated with HBV recurrence. In conclusion, low rates of HBV recurrence can be accomplished with all the HBIG regimens used when combined with antiviral therapy including patients with breakthrough pre-OLT as long as rescue therapy is administered pre- and post-OLT.
Experience in Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing Per ASTM Method E 399

A review of data generated utilizing ASTM Method E 399 since its last substantial revision in 1971 illustrates the importance of most of the major provisions and criteria for validity, but also that some technical revisions of the criteria are justified. For the standard geometry of specimen (a = B), the P m a x /P Q criterion is a useful indicator of plane-strain crack resistance curve characteristics and should not be "stretched" or ignored in establishing the validity of test data. Alternative geometries are also useful in measuring K I c so long as B > 2.5 (K I c /σ y s ) 2 , but the present P m a x /P Q limit is too severe for W/B > 2; there is a need to establish alternative limiting values of P m a x /P Q to go with the alternative geometries. With regard to fatigue precracking, the K f m a x during fatigue precracking could be increased from 0.6 to 0.8 K I c , and the limits on fatigue crack front straightness could be modified to permit differences of as much as 10 percent among the middle three measurements.
Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on cytokine regulation of liver regeneration

Ethanol ingestion may interrupt the proregenerative signal transduction that is initiated by injury-related cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF-α- inducible cytokines including ...
Theory of coercive force for randomly distributed lattice defects and precipitations

In this paper a theory of the coercive force of ferromagnetic materials, caused by the motion of domain walls, is developed. The equilibrium positions of the wall are studied by taking stray field free curvatures into account. The interaction potentials of the obstacles with a wall are assumed to be additive and to have a range of force which is short compared to the mean distance between obstacles. For calculation of the coercive force, a random distribution of obstacles is assumed. A new treatment is proposed for the statistical method ofNeel, called the polygon method. It is shown that the curvatures of the walls are very important and that the displacement resulting from this curvature is mostly not small compared to the distances of obstacles.