cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a Masters in Numeracy Program

The Master of Science in Numeracy program at Alfred University received full approval from the New York State Education Department (NYSED) in May of 2007. This first-of-its-kind program seeks to provide teachers at all levels, from across the curriculum, the skills, and more importantly the confidence, to introduce relevant quantitative concepts in their own disciplines. Created to be a complement of the MS Ed. in Literacy, the 30-hour MS in Numeracy program consists of four required core courses (Teaching Numeracy, Teaching with Data, Assessment and Learning Theories in Numeracy, and Doing Science and Numeracy), five electives from a list of numeracy and literacy courses, and a Masters project. The program graduated its first student in May 2008 and three more since then. Major challenges for the program have included the uncertain (i.e., by-application) connection between an MS and licensure (in contrast to the automatic professional certification for MS Ed. degrees) and the small number of faculty involved in teaching the numeracy courses. The current status of the program is questionable as the person (the author) who taught the first three core courses has left the University and has not yet been replaced. Even so, I believe this MS in Numeracy program offers a potentially useful example of a strategy to enhance the spread of QL through teacher preparation.
Averaged null energy condition and difference inequalities in quantum field theory.

For a large class of quantum states, all local (pointwise) energy conditions widely used in relativity are violated by the renormalized stress-energy tensor of a quantum field.
At-Risk and Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Have Increased Apoptosis in the CD4+CD25+high T-Cell Fraction

BACKGROUND In experimental models, Type 1 diabetes T1D can be prevented by adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ (FoxP3+) suppressor or regulatory T cells. Recent studies have found a suppression defect of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in human disease. In this study we measure apoptosis of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells to see if it could contribute to reduced suppressive activity of these cells. METHODS AND FINDINGS T-cell apoptosis was evaluated in children and adolescent 35 females/40 males subjects comprising recent-onset and long-standing T1D subjects and their first-degree relatives, who are at variable risk to develop T1D. YOPRO1/7AAD and intracellular staining of the active form of caspase 3 were used to evaluate apoptosis. Isolated CD4+CD25+(high) and CD4+CD25- T cells were co-cultured in a suppression assay to assess the function of the former cells. We found that recent-onset T1D subjects show increased apoptosis of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells when compared to both control and long-standing T1D subjects p<0.0001 for both groups. Subjects at high risk for developing T1D 2-3Ab+ve show a similar trend p<0.02 and p<0.01, respectively. On the contrary, in long-standing T1D and T2D subjects, CD4+CD25+(high) T cell apoptosis is at the same level as in control subjects p = NS. Simultaneous intracellular staining of the active form of caspase 3 and FoxP3 confirmed recent-onset FoxP3+ve CD4+CD25+(high) T cells committed to apoptosis at a higher percentage 15.3+/-2.2 compared to FoxP3+ve CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in control subjects 6.1+/-1.7 p<0.002. Compared to control subjects, both recent-onset T1D and high at-risk subjects had significantly decreased function of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells p = 0.0007 and p = 0.007, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher level of ongoing apoptosis in CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in recent-onset T1D subjects and in subjects at high risk for the disease. This high level of CD4+CD25+(high) T-cell apoptosis could be a contributing factor to markedly decreased suppressive potential of these cells in recent-onset T1D subjects.
Model systems for β-hairpins and β-sheets

β-Sheets and α-helices are the two principal secondary structures in proteins. However, our understanding of β-sheet structure lags behind that of α-helices, largely because, until recently, there was no model system to study the β-sheet secondary structure in isolation. With the development of well-folded β-hairpins, this is changing rapidly. Recent advances include: increased understanding of the relative contributions of turn, strand and sidechain interactions to β-hairpin and β-sheet stability, with the role of aromatic residues as a common subtheme; experimental and theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic studies of β-hairpin and β-sheet folding; de novo protein design, including all-β structures, mixed α/β motifs and switchable systems; and the creation of functional β-hairpins.
A bioinspired approach to torque control in an insect-sized flapping-wing robot

A flapping-wing micro air vehicle was built that mimics the control strategy utilized by fruit flies which indirectly modulate wing angle of attack to generate yaw torques. This prototype could also generate roll torques by oscillating the wing hinge at the flapping frequency with an appropriate phase. The roll, yaw and pitch torque generation capability was characterized using a custom single-axis torque sensor. The vehicle could produce torques with magnitudes of 0.8/μNm, 1/μNm and 0.8/μNm of roll, yaw and pitch torque respectively. Based off the known inertial properties of the robot, we estimate that it is capable of achieving turning performances comparable to fruit flies.
Recent advances in vascular development

Purpose of Review This review offers a concise summary of the most recent experimental advances in vascular development using the mouse as a model organism.
Trunk Muscle Response to Trunk Asymmetry, Velocity, and Load Level:

A significant amount of epidemiologic evidence suggests that asymmetric motions of the trunk during lifting are related to the risk of low back disorders. However, a void exists in the biomechanical literature which describes how the internal forces of the trunk respond to these motions. An experiment was performed to investigate this relationship. Eighteen subjects were asked to produce lifting motions of the back under highly controlled conditions. Trunk asymmetry, angular concentric and eccentric velocity, torque production, and trunk position were controlled while the activity of ten trunk muscles was observed. This article presents preliminary data from this experiment. Saddle-shaped response surfaces described the reactions or “costs” to the muscles to the various controlled variables. These trends are described and the effects of these trends on spine loading and biomechanical modelling are discussed.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma growth rate predicts adverse outcomes.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the growth rate of sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) and determine its relationship to adverse outcomes. Methods A retrospective review of all pathology-confirmed isolated SCT patients evaluated with at least two documented ultrasounds and followed through hospital discharge between 2005 and 2012 was conducted. SCT growth rate was calculated as the difference between tumor volumes on a late- and early-gestation ultrasound divided by the difference in time. Outcomes were death, high-output cardiac failure (HOCF), hydrops, and preterm delivery. Student's t -test, receiver operator characteristics, Fisher's Exact test, and Pearson's correlation were performed. Results Of the 28 study subjects, there were 3 in utero demises and 2 neonatal deaths. Significantly faster SCT growth rates were seen in all adverse outcomes, including death ( p p =0.005), and preterm delivery ( p =0.009). There was a significant association with adverse outcomes at >61cm 3 /week (AUC=0.87, p =0.001, LR=4.52). Furthermore, there was an even greater association with death at >165cm 3 /week (AUC=0.93, p =0.003, LR=18.42). Growth rate was directly correlated with the percent of solid tumor ( r =0.60, p =0.0008). Conclusion Faster SCT growth is associated with adverse outcomes. SCT growth rate determined by ultrasound is an effective prognostic indicator for adverse outcomes and easily applied to patient management.
Development of a GIS model to enhance macrophyte re-establishment projects

Diverse native aquatic macrophytes serve a number of physical and biological functions in the aquatic environment and provide essential habitat for several fish species. In systems that lack submersed macrophytes, native macrophyte re-establishment can be used to revitalize the aquatic community. Planning re-establishment projects requires knowledge of the system along with the growth requirements of macrophytes. Prior studies have identified factors that are important for macrophyte colonization, persistence, and dispersal. However, deductive approaches to identify macrophyte habitat that is suitable for management application have not been developed. A potential solution to this problem is the incorporation of waterscape-wide variables into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and the use of spatial modeling techniques to identify suitable macrophyte habitat. This provides a scientifically based approach to macrophyte re-establishment planning to make efforts more efficient and to recognize potential coverage. The flexibility, scalability, and topological advantages of using a GIS to identify and visualize habitat allow integration with other spatial ecological variables to improve the management of aquatic resources from plants to fish, including invasive species mitigation. Using Little Bear Creek Reservoir, Alabama, as an example system, we illustrate a GIS modeling process that can be applied to any system where the identification of macrophyte habitat is relevant to aquatic resource management goals.
Real-time simulation of dynamic systems on a pyramid architecture

The applicability of a pyramid architecture, the GAM-2 pyramid computer, for the real-time simulation of dynamic systems is demonstrated. The architecture of the computer and the manner in which data are exchanged between processing elements are discussed. The author focuses on how the differential equations and the various computational units of the integration algorithm can be partitioned among the processing elements at the different levels in the pyramid in order to minimize the computation and data transfer times. The required computation time of an integration cycle is evaluated, and conclusions are drawn concerning the efficiency of using the GAM-2 pyramid and similar structures for digital simulation. >
The mechanism for elimination of acetic acid from 1‐acetoxy‐ and 2‐acetoxytetralin

By employing deuterium substitution and metastable ion defocusing methods, it has been determined that 1-acetoxytetralin undergoes a highly regiospecific (>98%) 1,4-elimenation of acetic acid. The mechanism closely parallels that for loss of water from 1-tetralol in terms of specificity. However, unlike the water loss, which shows a significant kinetic isotope effect (KH/KD = 2.0) and a large release of translational energy (270 meV), the expulsion of acetic acid occurs without an isotope effect and with release of only 10 meV of kinetic energy. Competitive with acetic acid loss is the elimination of ketene which has been shown to occur by a 4-centered transition state. The 2-acetoxytetralin exhibits the more traditional 1,2-elimination of acetic acid which contrasts with a 1,3-elemination of water for the corresponding alcohol.
Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus

A mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), pMOV-psi-, was constructed by deletion of about 350 nucleotides from an infectious proviral DNA clone between the putative env mRNA 5' splice site and the AUG that initiates the coding sequence for Pr65gag. Although the parent wild-type proviral clone, pMOV-psi+, quickly causes a high level of reverse-transcriptase-containing virus particles to be released from transfected NIH/3T3 cells, transfection of pMOV-psi- into these cells initially results in very little release. By 9 to 10 days after transfection, however, pMOV-psi- -transfected cells produce infectious virus. Thus pMOV-psi- has a defect that can be repaired in transfected NIH/3T3 cells, presumably by recombination with a sequence normally present in the cells. Cell lines with pMOV-psi- stably integrated into chromosomal DNA produce reverse-transcriptase-containing particles that lack detectable M-MuLV RNA but the cells efficiently complement replication-defective, packagable retroviruses. Thus pMOV-psi- has a defect in the packaging of genomic RNA into virions but can provide in trans the products necessary for virion production. The deletion in pMOV-psi- appears to define a site required in cis for packaging of MuLV RNA into virions. Cell lines carrying pMOV-psi- can be used to produce helper-free stocks of natural or synthetic defective retroviruses.
The role of PH in the chemiluminescent response of the myeloperoxidase-halide-HOOH antimicrobial system.

Summary Myeloperoxidase extracted from human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes yields a chemiluminescence in the presence of halide cofactor and HOOH. This enzyme has an established pH optimum for microbicidal activity. The effects of varying H+ concentration on the myeloperoxidase system was investigated using the criterion of chemiluminescence, and a pH optimum was established with either C1− or Br− as cofactor. This optimum was in agreement with that established for antimicrobial action. The electronegative character of the various halides and the effect of various H+ concentrations are considered with respect to halide oxidation, and the role of the oxidized halide-HOOH reaction in the generation of singlet multiplicity molecular oxygen is discussed.
Pathological interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche revealed by mouse models of primary myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) belongs to the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and is a hematological disorder caused by abnormal function of the hematopoietic stem cells. The disease manifests itself with a plethora of alterations, including anemia, splenomegaly and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Its hallmarks are progressive marrow fibrosis and atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia, two distinctive features used to clinically monitor disease progression. In an attempt to investigate the role of abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in the pathogenesis of PMF, several transgenic mouse models have been generated. These models are based either on mutations that interfere with the extrinsic (thrombopoietin and its receptor, MPL) and intrinsic (the GATA1 transcription factor) control of normal megakaryocytopoiesis, or on known genetic lesions associated with the human disease. Here we provide an up-to-date review on the insights into the pathobiology of human PMF achieved by studying these animal models, with particular emphasis on results obtained with Gata1(low) mice.
EPR oxygen mapping (EPROM) of engineered cartilage grown in a hollow-fiber bioreactor.

A novel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based oxygen mapping procedure (EPROM) is applied to cartilage grown in a single-, hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFBR) system. Chondrocytes harvested from the sterna of 17-day-old chick embryos were inoculated into an HFBR and produced hyaline cartilage over a period of 4 weeks. Tissue oxygen maps were generated according to the EPROM technique (Velan et al., Magn Reson Med 2000;43:804-809) by making use of the line-broadening effects of oxygen on the signal generated from nitroxide spin probes. In addition, the effect on oxygen consumption of the addition of cyanide to the tissue was investigated. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, and accordingly, given the constant provision of oxygen to the tissue, it would be expected to increase oxygen levels within the HFBR. The EPROM measurements showed a significant increase in oxygen concentration in the cartilage after the addition of cyanide. In contrast to other methods for studying oxygen in cartilage, EPROM can provide direct, noninvasive visualization of local concentrations in three dimensions.
Communicating identity/consuming difference

This article provides an editorial introduction to the special issue of Consumption Markets & Culture on “Communication Identity/Consuming Difference.” The issue brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines and approaches to share research about how identities are presented and performed in consumer culture, and why it matters. Together, the papers showcase interdisciplinary perspectives that discuss and theorize how identity is communicated, constructed, and consumed in contemporary and historical consumer culture.
Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of carotenoids from the burgundy plumage of the Pompadour Cotinga (Xipholena punicea)

Abstract Previous analysis of carotenoids extracted from the burgundy plumage of the Pompadour Cotinga ( Xipholena punicea ) revealed six novel keto-carotenoid pigments with methoxyl groups in the C3-position of one or both β-rings. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, chemical analysis and, in some instances 1 H NMR spectroscopy were employed to determine the structures of the molecules. Further analysis by NMR was precluded due to lack of material. The recent acquisition of multiple feathers from X. punicea specimens has made it possible to complete this work using correlated homonuclear spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and 1 H NMR. These new data conclusively confirm the structures of the six methoxy-carotenoids suggested by the earlier work. In addition, the resonance positions of the protons from the novel 3-methoxy-4-keto-β-ring and 2,3-didehydro-3-methoxy-4-keto-β-ring moieties are reported here for the first time.
Standardizing Web Services: Overcoming 'Design by Committee'

Web service standards, like several other IT standards, are anticipatory, i.e., they are designed and codified in anticipation of actual adoption and use. As a result, the setting of Web service standards takes on properties that resemble the designing of software artifacts. In contrast, the traditional perspective on standards views them as law-like systems that legislate modes of behavior, product structures or specifications. The two perspectives - dasiadesignpsila and dasialegislationpsila - can sometimes be at odds. In the software engineering community, the phrase dasiadesign by committeepsila has come to symbolize designs that are not effective, not elegant and not addressing issues that are core to the original intentions. Current efforts and recent outcomes in Web services standards appear to have overcome this taboo. We demonstrate, with the help of an empirical study, how the participants interact, and the roles they take on to produce Web service standards.
A conditional trophic cascade: Birds benefit faster growing trees with strong links between predators and plants

Terrestrial systems are thought to be organized predominantly from the bottom-up, but there is a growing literature documenting top-down trophic cascades under certain ecological conditions. We conducted an experiment to examine how arthropod community structure on a foundation riparian tree mediates the ability of insectivorous birds to influence tree growth. We built whole-tree bird exclosures around 35 mature cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees at two sites in northern Utah, USA, to measure the effect of bird predation on arthropod herbivore and predator species richness, abundance, and biomass, and on tree performance. We maintained bird exclosures over two growing seasons and conducted nondestructive arthropod surveys that recorded 63 652 arthropods of 689 morphospecies representing 19 orders. Five major patterns emerged: (1) We found a significant trophic cascade (18% reduction in trunk growth when birds were excluded) only at one site in one year. (2) The significant trophic cascade was associated with higher precipitation, tree growth, and arthropod abundance, richness, and biomass than other site-year combinations. (3) The trophic cascade was weak or not evident when tree growth and insect populations were low apparently due to drought. (4) Concurrent with the stronger trophic cascade, bird predation significantly reduced total arthropod abundance, richness, and biomass. Arthropod biomass was 67% greater on trees without bird predation. This pattern was driven largely by two herbivore groups (folivores and non-aphid sap-feeders) suggesting that birds targeted these groups. (5) Three species of folivores (Orthoptera: Melanoplus spp.) were strong links between birds and trees and were only present in the site and the year in which the stronger trophic cascade occurred. Our results suggest that this trophic system is predominately bottom-up driven, but under certain conditions the influence of top predators can stimulate whole tree growth. When the most limiting factor for tree growth switched from water availability to herbivory, the avian predators gained the potential to reduce herbivory. This potential could be realized when strong links between the birds and plant, i.e., species that were both abundant herbivores and preferred prey, were present.
BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN CAPTIVE BISON. I. SEROLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND TRANSMISSION TO CATTLE

Two groups of six, non-brucellosis vaccinated, brucellosis seronegative pregnant American bison (Bison bison) were individually challenged with 1 × 107 colony forming units (CFU) of Brucella abortus strain 2308. Three days after challenge, each bison group was placed in a common paddock with six non-vaccinated, brucellosis susceptible, pregnant domestic heifers. In a parallel study, two groups of six susceptible, pregnant cattle were simultaneously challenged with the identical dose as the bison and each group was placed with six susceptible cattle in order to compare bison to cattle transmission to that observed in cattle to cattle transmission. Blood samples were collected from bison and cattle weekly for at least 1 mo prior to exposure to B. abortus and for 180 days post-exposure (PE). Sera from the bison and cattle were evaluated by the Card, rivanol precipitation, standard plate agglutination, standard tube agglutination, cold complement fixation tube, warm complement fixation tube, buffered acidifie...
K-band near-hermetic surface mount package using liquid crystal polymer for high power applications

We present the design and development of a K-band surface mount package for ∼10 Watt DC power dissipation devices. The package forms a near hermetic cavity enclosed by liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and copper. The measured junction temperature of ∼10 Watt DC power dissipation is 143.9oC with the base plate at 80oC. The package feedthrough achieves a measured insertion loss of ∼ 0.5 dB to 0.8 dB at K-band frequencies.
Vitamin D Stability in Milk

A method was developed to determine vitamin D 3 in milk. It includes saponification, solid phase extraction and HPLC. Recovery of added vitamin D 3 was 93%. Vitamin D 3 concentrations in commercial milks were variable. Stability studies showed that on exposure to light, there was a slight loss of vitamin D 3 from fortified milk. Air exposure did not affect stability in milk. Upon standing there was some stratification of the vitamin in milk containers with slightly more vitamin D 3 in the top layer of milk than at the bottom
Perceptions of barriers and facilitators: self-management decisions by older adolescents and adults with CF.

Abstract Background Adherence to CF treatments is poor, which can lead to negative health outcomes. The objective of our study was to qualitatively investigate the barriers and facilitators of self-management among older adolescents and adults with CF. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and coded to identify common themes. Results Twenty-five patients were interviewed. Four broad themes were identified: Barriers to Self-Management (e.g., treatment burden (identified by 64% of patients), accidental or purposeful forgetting (60%), no perceived benefit (56%)), Facilitators of Self-Management (e.g., CF clinic visits (76%), social support (68%), perceived benefit (68%)), Substitution of Alternative Approaches to Conventional Management (36%) and Planned Non-adherence (32%). Conclusions Older adolescents and adults with CF identified many barriers and facilitators of adherence that may be amenable to self-management counseling strategies, particularly the use of health feedback.
Iris melanocytoma: Clinical features and natural course in 47 cases

Purpose To describe the clinical features, natural course, management and histopathologic features of iris melanocytoma. Design Single-center retrospective case series. Methods patient population: Forty-seven consecutive patients (47 eyes) with iris melanocytoma. intervention procedure: Data regarding patient and tumor features were analyzed for their impact on the main outcome measures using univariate and multivariate regression models. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to analyze the main outcomes as a function of time. main outcome measures: Increased intraocular pressure (IOP), tumor seeding, and tumor growth. Results Associated findings at initial presentation included iris stromal seeds in 20 patients (43%), and anterior chamber angle seeds in 12 (26%). Intrinsic vascularization and sector cataract were not seen in any eyes. The management at presentation included observation in 39 patients (83%), tumor removal by sector iridectomy/iridocyclectomy in 7 (15%), and enucleation for blind painful eye with secondary increased IOP in 1 (2%). The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination in 11 patients (23%). The mean follow-up was 58 months. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, clinical evidence of growth was observed in 23% at 5 years, 48% at 10 years, and 74% at 15 years. New tumor seeds developed in 34% at 5 years, 63% at 10 years, and 75% at 15 years. Increased IOP was observed in 11% at 5 years, 11% at 10 years, and 55% at 15 years. Conclusions Iris melanocytoma represented only 3% of all iris nevi. Related iris stromal and anterior chamber angle seeds were common, and secondary glaucoma occurred in 11% at 5 years. Growth was observed in 23% at 5 years but no malignant transformation was found.
Crystalline Di‐Tert‐Butyl Trioxide and Dicumyl Trioxide

Di-tert-butyl trioxide has been prepared at −50° by photolysis of solid di-tert-butyl diperoxymonocarbonate and, more conveniently, by the reaction of ozone in Freon 12 (CF2Cl2) or methyl chloride with either dissolved tert-butyl hydroperoxide or suspended hydrated sodium tert-butyl peroxide. A low-temperature procedure for freeing the product from accompanying tert-butyl alcohol and other impurities is described. The ozone - sodium salt method has also been applied to the preparation of crystalline dicumyl trioxide. These trioxides have the properties previously observed in solution. They are unstable at temperatures above −30°. NMR spectra of the trioxides are reported and compared with those of related compounds. Approximate rate constants for the thermal decomposition of dicumyl trioxide are reported.
Thinking About Hate-Motivated Crimes:

This article discusses a variety of problems related to the general conceptualization of hate crimes. Beginning with the question of what attributes differentiate a hate-motivated crime from other types of crime, the article discusses problems associated with discerning time trends, the possible role of the AIDS epidemic in hate-motivated crimes, and the import of particular risk factors. The article identifies the symbolic and actuarial status of crime victims as the defining feature of hate crimes, and points out that such crimes may be both expressive and instrumental. A preliminary list of eight variables is proposed that might be related to hate-motivated crimes. In a discussion of how time trends might be identified in hate-motivated crimes, the article briefly describes some procedures by which data might be analyzed. In the discussion of risk factors, the article discusses how minority groups targeted by hate-motivated crimes might be sampled, and how data collected from those groups might be anal...
Enacting change through borrowed legitimacy: an institutional perspective

Purpose – This paper aims to offer borrowed legitimacy through coalitions as an explanation for how an organization might successfully deviate from social norms to enact change, yet still gain sufficient cognitive and sociopolitical legitimacy for survival. This paper explains that borrowing legitimacy through a coalition allows an illegitimate organization to impose an alternative future despite institutional pressures for its convergence to social norms, rules and expectations. Design/methodology/approach – To explore the ability of an organization that lacks legitimacy to borrow legitimacy through a coalition, the authors use a case study and content analysis of interviews, news articles and other publicly available secondary data to examine an environmentalist organization, Sea Shepherds, who openly seek legitimacy and resources, and are engaged in enacting change while using a unique or alternative form. Findings – The case study here shows how a coalition with another organization that already has l...
The Nova Upgrade Facility

The Nova Upgrade Facility is being designed to achieve inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition and gain. A baseline design of the laser and experimental facilities has been completed, and a development plan, which includes a fully integrated laser demonstration, has been formulated. With adequate funding, the activities in this plan could be completed by late 1993. Construction of the Nova Upgrade beginning at that time would make possible the achievement of ICF ignition before the end of the decade.
Contrasting Objectification and Competence

Abstract. Research on priming self-objectification in women frequently implements product-only control groups or nonhuman control images. This study aimed to clarify whether there was a difference in levels of self-objectification among female participants who viewed objectifying images of women, body-competent images of women, or product-only images. A sample of undergraduate females was primed with one of the above image types, after which they completed the Twenty Statements Test (TST) to examine their preoccupation with their own appearance. Results revealed that those who were primed with objectifying images of women exhibited more self-objectification than women who were primed with either body-competent images of women or product-only images. There was also no significant difference between those who only viewed products and those who viewed body-competent images of women. Results are discussed in the context of self-objectification research methods and implications for visual media artists.
Pleural haemangioma: A rare cause of recurrent pleural effusion

A middle aged female presented with recurrent unilateral pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy revealed a vascular tumor in the apical region of pleural cavity arising from the chest wall. Biopsy from the tumor showed features of pleural hemangioma. She was successfully managed by surgical excision of the tumor. The case is being presented because of its rarity.
Integration of high-resolution data for temporal bone surgical simulations

To report on the state of the art in obtaining high-resolution 3D data of the microanatomy of the temporal bone and to process that data for integration into a surgical simulator. Specifically, we report on our experience in this area and discuss the issues involved to further the field. Current temporal bone image acquisition and image processing established in the literature as well as in house methodological development. We reviewed the current English literature for the techniques used in computer-based temporal bone simulation systems to obtain and process anatomical data for use within the simulation. Search terms included “temporal bone simulation, surgical simulation, temporal bone.” Articles were chosen and reviewed that directly addressed data acquisition and processing/segmentation and enhancement with emphasis given to computer-based systems. We present the results from this review in relationship to our approach. High-resolution CT imaging ( $${\le }100\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ voxel resolution), along with unique image processing and rendering algorithms, and structure-specific enhancement are needed for high-level training and assessment using temporal bone surgical simulators. Higher-resolution clinical scanning and automated processes that run in efficient time frames are needed before these systems can routinely support pre-surgical planning. Additionally, protocols such as that provided in this manuscript need to be disseminated to increase the number and variety of virtual temporal bones available for training and performance assessment.
Three distinct open-pore morphologies from a single particle-filled polymer blend

Ternary mixtures composed of polyisobutylene (PIB), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and silica particles yield three distinct open-pore morphologies depending on the mixture composition: (1) pendular network (particles bonded together by menisci of PEO); (2) capillary aggregate network (particles and PEO form a combined phase with strongly solid-like properties which forms a percolating network); (3) cocontinuous morphology (silica and the PEO form a highly viscous combined phase which retards interfacial tension-driven coarsening). Remarkably, interfacial tension plays altogether different roles in stabilizing these three morphologies: stabilizing the first, not affecting the second, and destabilizing the last. The first two of these morphologies appear to be generalizable to other systems, e.g. to oil/water/particle mixtures. In all three cases, the pores do not collapse even after flow, i.e. all three porous morphologies are amenable to processing.
The shallows: how the internet is changing our brains a response #1

Each year, Eastern Mennonite University (EMU) chooses a book to read as a whole campus, called The Common Read. In 2014-2015 the book chosen was "The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains" by Nicholas Carr. Three professors wrote a response that was then read aloud and discussed at a lunch presentation on campus. The questions the responders were asked included: How do we use the internet and related technology well? How do we opt out of cultural changes that aren't life giving? How do we retain the ability to read and engage the 'long-form' book? What does academic excellence mean in an age of The Shallows?
Review Essay: Cyberspace Carcassonne: Nihilism And Normativity In Cyberspace Regulation

The book is reviewed on the basis of its success: (i) as a history of cyberspace; (ii) as a snapshot of current issues; and (iii) as a framework for addressing future problems. Well, hitting the trifecta is well-nigh impossible; in baseball, batting .666 is unreachable; and, as one poet has said "two out of three ain't bad".
Structural perturbation of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer by warfarin and its bolaamphiphilic analogue: A molecular dynamics study

Compounds with nominally similar biological activity may exhibit differential toxicity due to differences in their interactions with cell membranes. Many pharmaceutical compounds are amphiphilic and can be taken up by phospholipid bilayers, interacting strongly with the lipid-aqueous interface whether or not subsequent permeation through the bilayer is possible. Bolaamphiphilic compounds, which possess two hydrophilic ends and a hydrophobic linker, can likewise undergo spontaneous uptake by bilayers. While membrane-spanning bolaamphiphiles can stabilize membranes, small molecules with this characteristic have the potential to create membrane defects via disruption of bilayer structure and dynamics. When compared to the amphiphilic therapeutic anticoagulant, warfarin, the bolaamphiphilic analogue, brodifacoum, exhibits heightened toxicity that goes beyond superior inhibition of the pharmacological target enzyme. We explore, herein, the consequences of anticoagulant accumulation in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that permeation of phospholipid bilayers by brodifacoum causes a disruption of membrane barrier function that is driven by the bolaamphiphilic nature and size of this molecule. We find that brodifacoum partitioning into bilayers causes membrane thinning and permeabilization and promotes lipid flip-flop - phenomena that are suspected to play a role in triggering cell death. These phenomena are either absent or less pronounced in the case of the less toxic, amphiphilic compound, warfarin.
Capnographic Monitoring of Moderate Sedation During Low-Risk Screening Colonoscopy Does Not Improve Safety or Patient Satisfaction: A Prospective Cohort Study

Capnographic Monitoring of Moderate Sedation During Low-Risk Screening Colonoscopy Does Not Improve Safety or Patient Satisfaction: A Prospective Cohort Study
Extreme Attitudes toward Physical Education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze stated attitude responses and selected descriptive information in relation to two groups of men and women who demonstrated extreme attitudes toward physical education. From an original group of 266 subjects, 69 men and women were selected whose scores on the Wear Physical Education Attitude Inventory were extremes of high or low. Additional data were obtained through a group interview questionnaire. There were no male-female differences within the extreme groups. The low groups offered some minimum support for the outcomes of physical education, but they vigorously questioned the relative value of physical education as a school program. There was no evidence to indicate that negative attitudes were related to non-participation.
Jak Joan został Iwanem? (O zmianach w bułgarskiej antroponimii okresu odrodzenia narodowego)

The article depicts reflection over the issue of changes in the Bulgarian anthroponymy from the Bulgarian National Revival period, which usually consists in an inconsistent, i.e. concerning only several historical figures, substitution of the Greek form Joan by the native form- Ivan. Furthermore, the author does not comprehensively answer the questions how and why it happened, although they present the issue as a complex one and possible to conceptualize in myriad ways.
Study on mechanical properties of geopolymeric concrete under impact loading

The industrial wastes,slag and fly ash,were used to produce geopolymeric concrete(GC).The impact mechanical properties of GC,including compressive strength,deformation and energy absorption capacities,were studied using a 100-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) apparatus.The experimental results showed that the impact properties of GC exhibit strong strain rate dependency,and the transition point from low sensitivity to high sensitivity occurs at strain rate 42.7 s-1.The critical strain decreases with increase in dynamic compressive strength.GC is a type of quasi-brittle material.Its energy absorption property should be paid more attention to than its strength or deformation capacity.
Phase-Dependent Lineshape in Multiple Pump-Probe Interactions

The use of pump-probe techniques in spectroscopy is well-known in a number of contexts, and we will not attempt a literature review. Our interest here is in the lineshapes that are found in a certain long-time/short-time regime in which relative phasing of pump and probe fields can be critical. We consider times sufficiently short that all relaxation effects can be ignored, but sufficiently long that atomic response can be sensibly averaged over many Rabi periods. This long-time/short-time regime can only occur if the interesting Rabi frequencies are very much greater than all relaxation rates.
Factors associated with comprehensive dental care following an initial emergency dental visit.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the patient population utilization of a dental home as grouped by: (1) age; (2) sex; and (3) payment method. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 1,020 patients, who initially presented for an emergency visit, was performed. From the original data pool, 2 groups were delineated: (1) those patients who returned for comprehensive dental care; and (2) those who did not return for comprehensive dental care. RESULTS: Patients with private dental insurance or Medicaid dental benefits were statistically more likely to return for comprehensive oral health care than those with no form of dental insurance. Younger patients (< or =3 years of age) were least likely to return for comprehensive dental care. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in care-seeking behaviors. These obstacles are often a barrier to preventive and comprehensive oral health care.
The Significance of Nonsignificant Findings

The replication by Landers et al. (1978) of the Martens’ (1969) social-facilitation study is evaluated. The atypical constant error (CE) performance curve obtained in the Martens’ study may diminish the external validity of the CE results, but not the internal validity. Furthermore, the validity of the AE results as well as the highly significant physiological corroborative data remain unscathed. Finally, the conclusions about social facilitation research reached by Landers et al. are questioned in light of their nonsignificant, noncorroborated, and statistically nonpowerful results.
Evaluation of genetic structure across freshwater mussel community (genus Elliptio ) in the Altamaha River basin

Using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and genotypic data from four microsatellite loci, we evaluate the population genetic structure for three common species of the freshwater mussel genus Elliptio in the Altamaha River basin in Georgia, USA. These data are intended to evaluate whether distinct management strategies should be applied to upper and lower reaches of the Altamaha, which are separated by some discontinuities in appropriate habitat and may have been differentially influenced by heavier urbanization in the upstream reaches. Our results show no significant structure of mitochondrial data for E. dariensis, E. hopetonensis, or mussels in the E. icterina–complanata group. However, microsatellite data do suggest moderate genotypic structure of mussels in the E. icterina–complanata group, consistent with (but not necessarily caused by) the noted habitat disjunction. Application of these data may prove useful in management of rare endemic congeners such as the Altamaha spinymussel, E. spinosa, in showing that management resources can be applied uniformly throughout the Altamaha basin.
Decision Support Systems in Water Resources

Computerized decision support systems can provide the foundation of maximizing the productivity, cost-effectiveness and reliability of complex water resource systems. The three fundamental subsystems of a decision support system (DSS) are: (i) dialogue subsystem, (ii) data subsystem, and (iii) models subsystem. The microcomputer revolution and the emergence of applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems have contributed greatly to development of DSS’s which are powerful, low cost, and sensitive to the real issues facing water planners and managers. The explosion in development of DSS’s in water resources planning and management was underscored by presentation of a wide range of implementations at a recent Workshop held at Colorado State University. As a case study, a successfully implemented DSS for investment planning in river basin salinity control is described.
Curiosity Search: Producing Generalists by Encouraging Individuals to Continually Explore and Acquire Skills throughout Their Lifetime

Natural animals are renowned for their ability to acquire a diverse and general skill set over the course of their lifetime. However, research in artificial intelligence has yet to produce agents that acquire all or even most of the available skills in non-trivial environments. One candidate algorithm for encouraging the production of such individuals is Novelty Search, which pressures organisms to exhibit different behaviors from other individuals. However, we hypothesized that Novelty Search would produce sub-populations of specialists, in which each individual possesses a subset of skills, but no one organism acquires all or most of the skills. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called Curiosity Search, which is designed to produce individuals that acquire as many skills as possible during their lifetime. We show that in a multiple-skill maze environment, Curiosity Search does produce individuals that explore their entire domain, while a traditional implementation of Novelty Search produces specialists. However, we reveal that when modified to encourage intra-life behavioral diversity, Novelty Search can produce organisms that explore almost as much of their environment as Curiosity Search, although Curiosity Search retains a significant performance edge. Finally, we show that Curiosity Search is a useful helper objective when combined with Novelty Search, producing individuals that acquire significantly more skills than either algorithm alone.
Anemia in Centenarians Is Associated with Elevated Serum 2−Methylcitric Acid but Not Other Measures of Cobalamin Deficiency or Renal Status.

Anemia in seniors is associated with increased mortality and frailty. It is important to determine the cause of anemia in order to initiate specific therapies. We studied cobalamin (Cbl) and folate status with other clinical and laboratory parameters associated with anemia in 234 centenarians from north Georgia aged 98–108 years, 197 female, 46 African-American. The Cbl and folate dependant metabolites included methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (Hcys) and 2-methylcitric acid (MC). MMA, MC and Hcys are elevated in clinical Cbl deficiency. MC is also elevated with even mild renal insufficiency. Metabolites were assayed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The median hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) were 12.0 g/dL and 35.2 %. Severe anemia (Hgb th percentile for hemoglobin was 10.0 g/dL, and in this group, serum MC was increased (p = 0.021), albumin trended lower (p = 0.056) but serum folate, Cbl, Hcys, MMA, and creatinine were not significantly different. Univariate analysis between variables for the whole cohort showed that Hgb was inversely correlated with Hcys (p = 0.028), MC (p = 0.003), creatinine (p = 0.030) and directly with albumin (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, albumin was the strongest positive predictor of Hgb and MC was significantly inversely related, whereas creatinine and Hcys were no longer independent determinants. Elevated MMA with low Cbl was common in this cohort but not associated with anemia. Even those above the 90 th percentile for MMA (844–8080 nmol/L) actually had higher Hgb as compared to the rest of the cohort, 12.3 vs. 12.0 mg/dL (p = 0.096). Folate status was high in this cohort (50 th percentile (12.9 ng/mL) and those taking a multivitamin (33%) had 1.5 fold higher serum folate (p th percentile (> 415 nmol/L) had lower Hgb (p = 0.038), higher creatinine (p = 0.003), Hcy (p = 0.003) and MMA (p = 0.060). Ferritin was less than 50 ng/mL in 10/22 subjects with the lowest 10 th percentile Hgb value ( 1.3 mg/dL. Two subjects with MCV > 100 fl had renal insufficiency. In conclusion, 1. High serum 2-methylcitric acid and low serum albumin predict anemia in centenarians. 2. Serum 2-methylcitric acid may be a sensitive indicator of renal failure- associated anemia. 3. Cbl deficiency was not associated with anemia in this cohort with high folate status.