cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of bis(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone II. Condensation of bis(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone with some aromatic aldehydes

For chemotherapeutic studies, five anils were prepared by the direct condensation of bis(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone (I) in absolute ethanol with aromatic aldehydes, i.e. bis (4-o-chlorobenzalaminophenyl)-sulfone (II) from I and o-chlorobenzaldehyde, bis (4-p-chlorobenzalaminophenyl)-sulfone (III) from I and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, bis (4-o,p-dichlorobenzalaminophenyl)-sulfone (IV) from I and o,p-dichlorobenzaldehyde, bis(4-m,p-dichlorobenzalaminophenyl)-sulfone (V) from I and m,p-dichlorobenzaldehyde, bis (4-2′-hydroxy-1′-naphthalaminophenyl)-sulfone (VI), from I and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. Of this group of anils II is the most active biologically. Its antitubercular activity is comparable to salicylacetone. It is also slightly more effective than sulfanilamide in streptococci hemolyticus infected mice at 5 mg X 2 dosage.
Solution structure of the HMG protein NHP6A and its interaction with DNA reveals the structural determinants for non‐sequence‐specific binding

NHP6A is a chromatin-associated protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae belonging to the HMG1/2 family of non-specific DNA binding proteins. NHP6A has only one HMG DNA binding domain and forms relatively stable complexes with DNA. We have determined the solution structure of NHP6A and constructed an NMR-based model structure of the DNA complex. The free NHP6A folds into an L-shaped three alpha-helix structure, and contains an unstructured 17 amino acid basic tail N-terminal to the HMG box. Intermolecular NOEs assigned between NHP6A and a 15 bp 13C,15N-labeled DNA duplex containing the SRY recognition sequence have positioned the NHP6A HMG domain onto the minor groove of the DNA at a site that is shifted by 1 bp and in reverse orientation from that found in the SRY-DNA complex. In the model structure of the NHP6A-DNA complex, the N-terminal basic tail is wrapped around the major groove in a manner mimicking the C-terminal tail of LEF1. The DNA in the complex is severely distorted and contains two adjacent kinks where side chains of methionine and phenylalanine that are important for bending are inserted. The NHP6A-DNA model structure provides insight into how this class of architectural DNA binding proteins may select preferential binding sites.
Theory of coherent c-axis Josephson tunneling between layered superconductors

We calculate exactly the Josephson current for c-axis coherent tunneling between two layered superconductors, each with internal coherent tight-binding intra- and interlayer quasiparticle dispersions. Our results also apply when one or both of the superconductors is a bulk material, and include the usually neglected effects of surface states. For weak tunneling, our results reduce to our previous results derived using the tunneling Hamiltonian. Our results are also correct for strong tunneling. However, the c-axis tunneling expressions of Tanaka and Kashiwaya are shown to be incorrect in any limit. In addition, we consider the c-axis coherent critical current between two identical layered superconductors twisted an angle ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$ about the c axis with respect to each other. Regardless of the order-parameter symmetry, our coherent tunneling results using a tight-binding intralayer quasiparticle dispersion are inconsistent with the recent c-axis twist bicrystal ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ twist junction experiments of Li et al. [Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4160 (1999)].
Influence of verbal and nonverbal contexts on the sentence intelligibility of a speaker with dysarthria.

The influence of verbal and nonverbal contextual factors on intelligibility was examined using sentences produced under varying conditions by a speaker with severe flaccid dysarthria. Contextual fa...
Relationship duration moderation of identity status differences in emerging adults' same-sex friendship intimacy

Previous research has not yielded consistent identity and intimacy associations for female and male emerging adults. Intimacy varies with time spent in a relationship, and relationship duration may explain variations in the identity process association with intimacy. Data from 278 female and 156 male emerging adults revealed relationship duration moderated the identity commitment and exploration associations with intimacy. Findings indicated longer relationship duration was associated with lower intimacy levels for high identity commitment/high exploration females, and longer relationship duration was associated with higher intimacy levels for high commitment/low exploration females. Findings also indicated longer relationship duration was associated with higher intimacy levels for high commitment/high exploration males, and longer relationship duration was associated with lower intimacy levels for low commitment/high exploration males. Findings are discussed with regards to the empirical importance of considering relationship characteristics when examining emerging adult identity process associations with friendship intimacy.
Symbolic action in India: Gandhi's nonverbal persuasion

(1975). Symbolic action in India: Gandhi's nonverbal persuasion. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 290-306.
Quality of Life in Hong Kong: Past Accomplishments and Future Prospects

Following several decades of rapid economic expansion, development in Hong Kong has arrived at a new crossroads. The pace of economic growth is no longer as rapid as during earlier decades, competition with other East Asian societies has grown more acute and many of the territory's recurrent, sometimes hidden, social problems appear to be undermining selected aspects of Hong Kong's quality of life. And Hong Kong's political tensions with the central government in Beijing have become more confrontational since its return in 1997 to Chinese political sovereignty. This article: (1) summarizes the current state of social development in Hong Kong; (2) identifies the major social, political and economic challenges that confront Hong Kong at the beginning of a new development decade; (3) compares selected aspects of Hong Kong's social development with that of other East Asian societies; and (4) suggests a variety of policy options that are available to leaders in Hong Kong's for promoting a more balanced approach to social and economic development. The article also illustrates the use of social reports and social reporting in advancing development assessment and planning.
Insights from a cross-disciplinary seminar: 10 pivotal papers for ecological restoration

Restoration ecology is a deepening and diversifying field with current research incorporating multiple disciplines and infusing long-standing ideas with fresh perspectives. We present a list of 10 recent pivotal papers exemplifying new directions in ecological restoration that were selected by students in a cross-disciplinary graduate seminar at the University of California, Berkeley. We highlight research that applies ecological theory to improve restoration practice in the context of global change (e.g. climate modeling, evaluation of novel ecosystems) and discuss remaining knowledge gaps. We also discuss papers that recognize the social context of restoration and the coupled nature of social and ecological systems, ranging from the incorporation of cultural values and Traditional Ecological Knowledge into restoration, to the consideration of the broader impacts of markets on restoration practices. In addition, we include perspectives that focus on improving communication between social and natural scientists as well as between scientists and practitioners, developing effective ecological monitoring, and applying more integrated, whole-landscape approaches to restoration. We conclude with insights on recurrent themes in the papers regarding planning restoration in human-modified landscapes, application of ecological theory, improvements to restoration practice, and the social contexts of restoration. We share lessons from our cross-disciplinary endeavor, and invite further discussion on the future directions of restoration ecology through contributions to our seminar blog site http://restecology.blogspot.com.
How Women’s Nonconscious Association of Sex with Submission Relates to Their Subjective Sexual Arousability and Ability to Reach Orgasm

Common cultural stereotypes promote women’s submission to men, especially within intimate heterosexual relationships. Mirroring these stereotypes, women possess nonconscious associations between sex and submission (Sanchez, Kiefer & Ybarra, 2006). Moreover, women’s sex-submission associations predict greater reports of engagement in submissive sexual behavior (Sanchez et al., 2006). In the present research, we again found that women associate sex with submission at a nonconscious level. Study 1 showed that women’s nonconscious sex-submission associations predict reduced subjective arousability. Study 2 further demonstrated that these associations predict impaired ability to reach orgasm among women. These findings suggest that sex-submission associations may adversely affect women’s sexual functioning.
Irradiance-induced changes in the photobiology of Halophila johnsonii

The endangered seagrass Halophila johnsonii Eiseman, exhibits high-light adapted photophysiology consistent with its distribution in intertidal and shallow subtidal (0–3 m) coastal-lagoon habitats along 200 km of southeastern Florida. To examine the short-term responses of this seagrass to three controlled-irradiance treatments (PAR + UVA + UVB [full spectrum], PAR + UVA, and PAR only), greenhouse-acclimated plants were transferred to outdoor mesocosms during July–August 2002. Chlorophyll fluorescence, UV fluorescence, and samples for pigment extraction were collected in the greenhouse, prior to moving the plants outside and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, and 21 of the 24-day experiment. Typical of sun-adapted plants, effective quantum yields measured by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry were relatively low in all treatments, ranging from 0.46 ± 0.09 (PAR only) to 0.58 ± 0.08 (PAR + UVA + UVB). In the PAR only treatments, there were strong effects on days 1 and 4, presumably because the irradiance in the greenhouse not only lacked all λ<400 nm, but also had low irradiance maxima (∼700 μmol photons m−2 s−1, compared with ∼1,500 μmol photons m−2 s−1 outside at midday). There were few treatment differences between PAR only and PAR + UVA treatments indicating little effect of UVA radiation on this species. Differences in effective quantum yields and relative electron transport rates between the PAR only and PAR + UVA + UVB treatments on day 4 indicated rapid acclimation to UVB radiation. Tissues of H. johnsonii contained compounds that absorbed strongly in the UV, with a λmax at ∼345 nm (depending on the extraction solvent). Absorption peak maxima and minima changed over the course of the experiment but there were no significant light-treatment differences in any pigment parameters. Percent UV shield values, measured using a newly developed UVA PAM fluorometer, were highest the day after plants were transferred from the greenhouse to the outdoor mesocosms and declined significantly to pretreatment levels in all treatments by day 21. Percent UV shield exhibited a significant positive relationship with UV-absorbing pigment (UVP) absorbance, however, the absence of treatment effects suggests that the wavelengths inducing pigment synthesis must lie between 400 and 700 nm (PAR). The results indicate that H. johnsonii rapidly acclimates to high UVB and PAR which may largely explain its distribution in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas.
Recent Improvements in Devices for Rating Character

Resume Quatre moyens d'evaluation sont decrits et evalues. Trois de ces moyens sont destines a trouver les opinions des maǐtres d'ecole concernant leurs eleves et le quatrieme a trouver les opinions des eleves les uns des autres. Nous avons une description breve de chacun: (1) L'Echelle d'evaluation de conduite. Le trait dominant de cette echelle c'est que le maǐtre evalue la conduite des eleves et ne donne pas une opinion sur la quantite du trait chez l'enfant. (2) Comparaison de listes marquees. Le maǐtre compare deux listes d'adjectifs descriptifs marques. Les listes sont arrangees de sorte que chacune contient les antonymes de l'autre. (3) Comparaison de portraits. Le maǐtre compare chaque eleve a une serie de portraits ecrits deja mis en echelle. Le processus d'evaluer les traits de caractere d'un eleve est tres semblable a celui d'evaluer son ecriture par une echelle d'ecriture. Le resultat de l'evaluation de n'importe quel trait est la moyenne des valeurs d'echelle des portraits qui selon le maǐtre...
Angiostatin Is Directly Cytotoxic to Tumor Cells at Low Extracellular pH: A Mechanism Dependent on Cell Surface–Associated ATP Synthase

Angiostatin, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor able to suppress tumor growth and metastasis through inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Previously, we showed that angiostatin binds and inhibits F(1)F(o) ATP synthase on the endothelial cell surface and that anti-ATP synthase antibodies reduce endothelial cell proliferation. ATP synthase also occurs on the extracellular surface of a variety of cancer cells, where its function is as yet unknown. Here, we report that ATP synthase is present and active on the tumor cell surface, and angiostatin, or antibody directed against the catalytic beta-subunit of ATP synthase, inhibits the activity of the synthase. We show that tumor cell surface ATP synthase is more active at low extracellular pH (pH(e)). Low pH(e) is a unique characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. Although the mechanism of action of angiostatin has not been fully elucidated, angiostatin treatment in combination with acidosis decreases the intracellular pH (pH(i)) of endothelial cells, leading to cell death. We also find that, at low pH(e), angiostatin and anti-beta-subunit antibody induce intracellular acidification of A549 cells, as well as a direct cytotoxicity that is absent in tumor cells with low levels of extracellular ATP synthase. These results establish angiostatin as an antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic agent through a mechanism implicating tumor cell surface ATP synthase. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that extracellular ATP synthase plays a role in regulating pH(i) in cells challenged by acidosis.
Carotid and Vertebral Artery Ligation in the Chicken

CCLUSION of both the carotid and ver­ tebral arteries has been shown not to be fatal in all animals tested. This, of course, indicates that collateral circulation is capable of supplying the head with sufficient blood to sustain life. Taylor and Page (1951) ligated both common carotid and vertebral arteries in eleven dogs. Ten of the dogs lived; how­ ever, they appeared dazed, listless and often not interested in food or drink for several days after ligation. Bunce (1960); ligated and then sectioned the carotid and . vertebral arteries in fourteen dogs as fol­ lows: seven dogs, both common carotids and vertebrals; two dogs, both common carotids; two dogs, both vertebrals; two dogs, both internal carotids and vertebrals; one dog, both common carotids and one vertebral. All of the dogs lived for at least four months, but the seven animals with both common carotids and vertebrals sec­ tioned showed impaired intelligence and alertness, poor physical condition, marked emaciation, loss of hair and edema of the extremities. The remaining seven dogs ap­ peared normal in all respects. In contrast to the studies with dogs, Linzell and Waites (1957) reported that after tying off the common carotid and vertebral arteries in anesthetized goats or sheep the cardiac, vasomotor and respira­ tory centers remained functional only up to one hour. The study reported herein was undertak
Linkages between emotion and memory: simultaneous neuronal responses in the amygdala and the hippocampus

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, e.g., long-term potentiation, which has been proposed as a strong candidate mechanism for memory consolidation may be temporally regulated by distributed neuronal systems in the amygdala, a region long considered as important for emotional aspects of an organism's behavior. The following article addresses the links between emotion on memory by simultaneous recording of evoked field potentials in the amygdala and the hippocampus. Methods and preliminary results are discussed.
Peeling Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape from Thin Elastic Strip

In some applications of peeling of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, the substrate is thin and flexible, such as fabric, paper, leather, rubber, or skin. A thin strip, fixed at its ends, is considered as the substrate in this study. The strip and tape are assumed to be linearly elastic with negligible bending stiffness. The peel force depends on the adhesive fracture energy, the axial stiffnesses of the tape and strip, the initial slack of the strip, the initial location and length of the tape attached to the strip, and the peel angle of the force with respect to the line connecting the supports (or the local peel angle with respect to the side of the strip to which the tape is attached). Additional analyses involving an inextensible tape or an inextensible strip are included, along with an experimental result. The effects of various nondimensional parameters on the peel force are investigated.
A Global Terrestrial Monitoring Network Integrating Tower Fluxes, Flask Sampling, Ecosystem Modeling and EOS Satellite Data

Abstract Accurate monitoring of global scale changes in the terrestrial biosphere has become acutely important as the scope of human impacts on biological systems and atmospheric chemistry grows. For example, the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 signals some of the dramatic socioeconomic and political decisions that may lie ahead concerning CO2 emissions and global carbon cycle impacts. These decisions will rely heavily on accurate measures of global biospheric changes Schimel 1998 , IGBP TCWG 1998 . An array of national and international programs have inaugurated global satellite observations, critical field measurements of carbon and water fluxes, and global model development for the purposes of beginning to monitor the biosphere. The detection by these programs of interannual variability of ecosystem fluxes and of longer term trends will permit early indication of fundamental biospheric changes which might otherwise go undetected until major biome conversion begins. This article describes a blueprint for more comprehensive coordination of the various flux measurement and modeling activities into a global terrestrial monitoring network that will have direct relevance to the political decision making of global change.
The sex and age of older adults influence the outcome of induced trips

BACKGROUND: Falls are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in older adults, with up to 53% of these falls due to tripping. To aid in fall prevention, there is a need to identify the factors that determine whether a trip is recoverable and those factors that increase an older adult's risk of falling. METHODS: Trips were induced during gait in 79 healthy, community-dwelling, safety-harnessed older adults (50 women) using a concealed, mechanical obstacle. Trip outcomes were graded as recoveries, falls, rope-assists, or misses. Kinematics were recorded during normal gait, without and with the safety harness. Selected gait parameters were compared to determine whether the experimental conditions affected gait at the time of the trip. RESULTS: Thirty-nine trip outcomes were classified as recoveries, 10 as falls, 12 as rope-assists, and 18 as misses. Women fell more than four times as frequently as men. Women younger than 70 years fell more than three times as frequently as those older. Trip outcomes in the men were essentially unaffected by age. The foot obstructed to induce the trip did not affect the trip outcome. The presence of the safety harness had almost no effect on gait. The length of the stride preceding the trip did not differ from normal. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of trips in healthy older adults did not result in falls. Older women were more likely than men to fall following a trip. The likelihood of falling from a trip was greatest in the youngest older women. Language: en
Use of Adult Stem Cells in Biomaterials Research

All mature cells in the human body originate from stem cells. Stem cells are generally defined as cells that can renew themselves in addition to possessing potential to differentiate in one or multiple lineages. Current studies indicate great possibilities for use of both embryonic as well as adult stem cells in regenerative medicine. The more easily available adult stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells have led to extensive application of their use in a variety of topics in regenerative medicine. The self-renewal characteristic of MSCs occurs through symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions [1]. Specific criteria are laid out by the International Society for Cellular Therapy for the identification of MSCs [2]. The potential for use of stem cells in regenerative medicine is tremendous and progress in recent years
Characterization of translation termination mutations in the spv operon of the Salmonella virulence plasmid pSDL2.

Abstract The spv region of the Salmonella virulence plasmids consists of five genes located on an 8-kb fragment previously shown to be essential for virulence in mice. Four structural genes, spvABCD, form an operon that is transcriptionally activated by the spvR gene product in the stationary phase of growth. The role of the individual spv genes in the virulence phenotype was tested by isolating translation termination linker insertions in each gene. Analysis of proteins synthesized in minicells identified each of the spvABCD gene products and confirmed the dependence of spv structural gene expression on the SpvR regulatory protein. The oligonucleotide insertions in spvA, -B, and -C were shown to be nonpolar. Virulence testing indicated that the SpvB protein, regulated by SpvR, is essential for Salmonella dublin to cause lethal disease in mice. Inserts in spvC and spvD were unstable in vivo for unknown reasons, but these mutants still killed mice at slightly higher inocula. Abolition of spvA had no effect on virulence in this system.
Consequences of the Partial-Equilibrium Approximation for Chemical Reaction and Transport

This paper is concerned with the relation between various mathematical methods for formulating the equations of convective diffusion in the presence of infinitely-rapid reaction pathways. The notions of general composition variables, reaction invariance and differential geometry provide useful conceptual tools for comparing various methods. In particular, the method of `composite fluxes' is shown to represent a mixed-coordinate description, with separate composition coordinates for spatial fluxes and concentration fields. While this method avoids a coordinate degeneracy sometimes associated with fast-reaction invariants, it is shown that such degeneracy should never occur in chemical systems having stable equilibria for the fast reactions. An elementary reaction scheme, involving mobile intermediates or adsorbed surface species, is treated to illustrate the coupled and facilitated diffusion effects resulting from the partial-equilibrium approximation. Also, the relation of the latter to the well-known quasi steady-state approximation (QSSA) of chemical kinetics is established. It is shown that, apart from certain exceptional circumstances, the usual ab initio invocation of the QSSA has no unforeseen consequences for diffusive transport. On the other hand, strong spatial fluxes can cause breakdown of such equilibrium approximations, in much the same way as strong unsteadiness is known to do.
The relationship between C-reactive protein and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS).

Background Epidemiological studies suggest that levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have evaluated the relationship between CRP and subclinical CVD in a study cohort at high risk of CVD. Methods The DHS is a single-center, family-based study of the genetic and environmental components of CVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated 666 subjects (551 T2DM affected and 115 unaffected) with an average age of 61 years. Measures of coronary artery calcium (CAC), intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, and CRP were obtained on all subjects. Results C-reactive protein is positively and significantly associated with female sex, body mass index, and smoking and is negatively and significantly associated with age and statin use. Generalized estimating equations were used to test whether CRP was associated with each subclinical CVD measure (presence/absence of CAC, quantity of CAC, and IMT) adjusting for covariates and correlation among siblings. Stratified analyses were conducted to examine whether these associations differed across sex and statin use. In the overall analysis, CRP was not significantly associated with IMT or presence of CAC but was negatively and significantly associated with quantity of CAC ( P = .01). When covariates were added, the relationship was no longer significant. Similar patterns were observed in stratified analyses based on sex, statin use, and diabetes status: weak but negative association of CAC with CRP, which became nonsignificant with adjustment for covariates. Conclusions In a population at high risk for CVD, there was no evidence of incremental association of CRP levels with measures of subclinical CVD.
Weibull analysis of fracture test data on bovine cortical bone: influence of orientation.

The fracture toughness, <path id="x1D43E" d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378 q12 68 2 83t-72 22l6 28h257l-7 -28q-62 -7 -76 -21.5t-27 -83.5l-32 -172q29 11 78 46q112 84 217 179q18 16 23.5 25.5t-1 14.5t-26.5 8l-30 4l5 28h249z" /> <path id="x43" d="M614 175l29 -10q-33 -109 -57 -154q-121 -26 -184 -26q-90 0 -160.5 29t-112.5 77t-63.5 105.5t-21.5 119.5q0 157 108 253t277 96q36 0 71.5 -5t69 -13.5t36.5 -8.5q15 -102 20 -150l-29 -8q-20 79 -66.5 114t-128.5 35q-119 0 -187.5 -86t-68.5 -207 q0 -140 73.5 -227.5t188.5 -87.5q73 0 119.5 37.5t86.5 116.5z" /> , of a cortical bone has been experimentally determined by several researchers. The variation of values occurs from the variation of specimen orientation, shape, and size during the experiment. The fracture toughness of a cortical bone is governed by the severest flaw and, hence, may be analyzed using Weibull statistics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, however, no studies of this aspect have been published. The motivation of the study is the evaluation of Weibull parameters at the circumferential-longitudinal (CL) and longitudinal-circumferential (LC) directions. We hypothesized that Weibull parameters vary depending on the bone microstructure. In the present work, a two-parameter Weibull statistical model was applied to calculate the plane-strain fracture toughness of bovine femoral cortical bone obtained using specimens extracted from CL and LC directions of the bone. It was found that the Weibull modulus of fracture toughness was larger for CL specimens compared to LC specimens, but the opposite trend was seen for the characteristic fracture toughness. The reason for these trends is the microstructural and extrinsic toughening mechanism differences between CL and LC directions bone. The Weibull parameters found in this study can be applied to develop a damage-mechanics model for bone.
The structural biology of enzymes involved in natural product glycosylation

The glycosylation of microbial natural products often dramatically influences the biological and/or pharmacological activities of the parental metabolite. Over the past decade, crystal structures of several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and attachment of novel sugars found appended to natural products have emerged. In many cases, these studies have paved the way to a better understanding of the corresponding enzyme mechanism of action and have served as a starting point for engineering variant enzymes to facilitate to production of differentially-glycosylated natural products. This review specifically summarizes the structural studies of bacterial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of novel sugar nucleotides.
Fast routing and recovery protocols in hybrid ad-hoc cellular networks

A hybrid ad-hoc cellular network (HACN) is based on the idea of replacing the stationary cellular base stations with mobile routers. Communications among the mobile routers is achieved using satellite links or high bandwidth wireless channels. In this chapter, we present and evaluate efficient recovery and routing protocols for mobile routers in HACN. In the dual backup recovery protocol, a standby router is mapped (dedicated) to each primary router. A more flexible protocol, called the distributed recovery protocol, is obtained by relaxing this one to one mapping and scattering the backup routers geographically among the primary routers. The effectiveness of the distributed recovery protocol is demonstrated by simulation results. A simple analytical model is also presented for computing the blocking probability of new calls in the presence of router failures. The chapter is concluded by presenting an efficient location-based routing protocol for HACN mobile routers. Performance results of the routing protocol are presented.
Assessment of the Interstellar Processes Leading to Deuterium Enrichment in Meteoritic Organics

The presence of isotopic anomalies is the most unequivocal demonstration that meteoritic material contains circumstellar or interstellar components. In the case of organic compounds in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), the most useful isotopic tracer has been deuterium (D). We discuss four processes that are expected to lead to D enrichment in interstellar materials and describe how their unique characteristics can be used to assess their relative importance for the organics in meteorites. These enrichment processes are low temperature gas phase ion-molecule reactions, low temperature gas-grain reactions, gas phase unimolecular photodissociation, and ultraviolet photolysis in D-enriched ice mantles. Each of these processes is expected to be associated with distinct regiochemical signatures (D placement on the product molecules, correlation with specific chemical functionalities, etc.), especially in the molecular population of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We describe these differences and discuss how they may be used to delineate the various interstellar processes that may have contributed to meteoritic D enrichments. We also briefly discuss how these processes may affect the isotopic distributions in C, 0, and N in the same compounds.
Cell penetrating peptide-modified pharmaceutical nanocarriers for intracellular drug and gene delivery

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) including TAT peptide (TATp) have been successfully used for intracellular delivery of a broad variety of cargos including various nanoparticulate pharmaceutical carriers (liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles). Here, we will consider the main results in this area, with a special emphasis on TATp-mediated delivery of liposomes and DNA. We will also address the development of “smart” stimuli-sensitive nanocarriers, where cell-penetrating function can be activated by the decreased pH only inside the biological target minimizing thus the interaction of drug-loaded nanocarriers with nontarget cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 604–610, 2008. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Hydrogen isotope fractionation and redox‐controlled solution mechanisms in silicate‐COH melt + fluid systems

The behavior of volatiles in silicate-COH melts and fluids and hydrogen isotope fractionation between melt and fluid were determined experimentally to advance our understanding of the role of volatiles in magmatic processes. Experiments were conducted in situ while the samples were at the desired temperature and pressure to 825°C and ~1.6 GPa and with variable redox conditions. Under oxidizing conditions, melt and fluid comprised CO2, CO3, HCO3, OH, H2O, and silicate components, whereas under reducing conditions, the species were CH4, H2, H2O, and silicate components. Temperature-dependent hydrogen isotope exchange among structural entities within coexisting fluids and melts yields ΔH values near 14 and 24 kJ/mol and −5 and −1 kJ/mol under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. This temperature (and probably pressure)-dependent D/H fractionation is because of interaction between D and H and silicate and C-bearing species in silicate-saturated fluids and in COH fluid-saturated melts. The temperature- and pressure-dependent D/H fractionation factors suggest that partial melts in the presence of COH volatiles in the upper mantle can have δD values 100% or more lighter relative to coexisting silicate-saturated fluid. This effect is greater under oxidizing than under reducing conditions. It is suggested that δD variations of upper mantle mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) sources, inferred from the δD of MORB magmatic rocks, can be explained by variations in redox conditions during melting. Lower δD values of the MORB magma reflect more reducing conditions in the mantle source.
Hospitality students’ work experiences and an examination of their perceptions of the future

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of work experience while in college between hospitality students and hospitality graduates and to examine differences among their work experiences and perceptions of a professional future. Senior level students and graduates from hospitality programs across the United States participated in the study. Study results showed that 50% of current hospitality students work 21 or more hours per week, while more than 10% worked 40 or more hours per week; both students and graduates perceive their work experiences positively. Both students and graduates rated work experience highest in importance when interviewing for industry jobs.
The Relationship between Legislature Size and Fiscal Policy: A Cross-Country Examination

Using an estimation method developed by Blanchard and Wolfers (2000) we study whether the size of a country's legislature impacts its fiscal response to common and country-specific shocks. The use of this method allows us to estimate the effects of legislature size while also controlling for country-specific unobserved heterogeneity; an endogeneity issue common to this literature. We also classify legislatures using a definition of bicameralism based on fiscal power that was previously used by Heller (1997). We find evidence that larger than average upper chambers are associated with more government spending as a percentage of GDP.
Abstract 1108: Ferritin binds breast cancer cells and tissue, and promotes proliferation independently of iron content

A connection between iron and breast tumorigenesis has been convincingly argued over the years. Several in vivo studies have demonstrated that iron-rich diets increase tumor incidence rate in carcinogen-induced mammary tumor models. Moreover, a large cohort study has recently associated mutations in the hemochromatosis (HFE) gene (promoting iron overload) with breast cancer risk in females. Individuals with mutations in the HFE protein can exhibit iron accumulation in the liver, high transferrin saturation levels, and elevated serum ferritin levels, but not have clinical hemochromatosis. Cells store iron in ferritin, but this protein is also secreted and is detected circulating in serum. Although serum ferritin has been used as an indicator of total body iron, a specific functional role has not been proposed thus far other than perhaps recycling iron to the bone marrow. Interestingly, serum ferritin levels have been shown to be increased in breast cancer patients, and higher levels seem to be associated with poorer prognosis. Furthermore, comparisons between pre- and post-surgery ferritin levels suggested that the tumor itself is responsible for the high levels of serum ferritin possibly through secretion. We have demonstrated that ferritin binds to breast tumor sections obtained from biopsy. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that serum ferritin interacts directly with breast cancer cells enhancing their growth. In this study we report that ferritin exposure will increase proliferation and DNA synthesis in the breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. These effects were not dependent on the iron content of ferritin, as both apo- and holo-ferritin had comparable effects. Because extra-cellular ferritin has been speculated to play an iron delivery role in some cells, we examined changes in transferrin receptor levels, and the quenching of the fluorescent metal-sensitive dye calcein following ferritin treatments. Our data, suggests that ferritin does not deliver iron to cells, and might have an iron-independent signaling function. Taken together, these findings encourage a new perspective on serum ferritin in cancer biology, and raise several possibilities for novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1108. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1108
Nanometer-scale modification and imaging of polyimide films by scanning force microscopy.

The sharp tip of a scanning force microscope can be used to make controlled modifications of polymer surfaces. In this paper, we describe the properties of micrometer size pits up to 900 A deep formed on Kapton-H surfaces. The structure at the bottom of the pits appears to be closely related to the degree of crystallinity near the surface. We also use elasticity theory to estimate that the resolution of scanning force microscopy for polymer surfaces is about 160 A for tips with 400 A radius. This estimate agrees well with the resolution obtained in images of polyimide surfaces.
The (Untold) Drama of the Turning Page: The Role of Page Breaks in Understanding Picture Books

While scholars have recognized the importance of page breaks in both the construction and comprehension of narrative within picture books, there has previously been limited research that focused directly on how children discuss and make sense of these spaces in the text. Yet, because of their nature as dramatic gaps in the narrative, page breaks offer unique and exciting opportunities to understand how children make meaning of picture books (Sipe in Storytime: young children’s literary understanding in the classroom, Teachers College Press, New York, 2008). This study explores how explicitly inviting young children to discuss page breaks offers insights into how these spaces function within the children’s readings. Drawing on transcribed audio-recordings of a series of read-aloud sessions held with a group of children ages five to eight, the analysis focused on coding themes within the children’s talk around page breaks in picture books. Specifically, the children referenced the role of page breaks as aesthetic choices; the utilization of page breaks to comprehend word/picture relationships; and the negotiation of these gaps in the story as they worked construct a cohesive understanding of the narrative. Overall, the data represents the rich possibilities for educators to include explicit talk around page breaks during picture book read-alouds as a pathway toward better understanding children’s sense-making of these texts.
Proteomic analyses of brain tumor cell lines amidst the unfolded protein response.

// Jasmina S. Redzic 1 , Joe D. Gomez 1 , Justin E. Hellwinkel 2 , Thomas J. Anchordoquy 1 , Michael W. Graner 2 1 Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 2 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA Correspondence to: Jasmina S. Redzic, email: jasmina.redzic@ucdenver.edu Keywords: brain tumor, glioma, proteomics, unfolded protein response, signaling Received: February 28, 2016 Accepted: May 23, 2016 Published: June 14, 2016 ABSTRACT Brain tumors such as high grade gliomas are among the deadliest forms of human cancers. The tumor environment is subject to a number of cellular stressors such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation. The persistence of the stressors activates the unfolded proteins response (UPR) and results in global alterations in transcriptional and translational activity of the cell. Although the UPR is known to effect tumorigenesis in some epithelial cancers, relatively little is known about the role of the UPR in brain tumors. Here, we evaluated the changes at the molecular level under homeostatic and stress conditions in two glioma cell lines of differing tumor grade. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified proteins unique to each condition (unstressed/stressed) and within each cell line (U87MG and UPN933). Comparing the two, we find differences between both the conditions and cell lines indicating a unique profile for each. Finally, we used our proteomic data to identify the predominant pathways within these cells under unstressed and stressed conditions. Numerous predominant pathways are the same in both cell lines, but there are differences in biological and molecular classifications of the identified proteins, including signaling mechanisms, following UPR induction; we see that relatively minimal proteomic alterations can lead to signaling changes that ultimately promote cell survival.
Knowledge building in teacher professional learning communities: Focus of meeting matters

Abstract Professional learning communities (PLCs) of teachers have potential as powerful professional development contexts. However, efforts to characterize and document teacher PLCs suggest that productive learning is the exception rather than the rule. This mixed methods case study derived indicators of knowledge building discourse and examined their prevalence in nine PLC meetings among English Language Arts teachers within the same school (3 grade band teams x 3 meetings each). Analyses indicated significantly more knowledge building in meetings focused on assessment systems as compared to meetings focused on instructional practices. Implications for ways in which PLCs could foster knowledge building are discussed.
The Puzzling Science of Information Integrity

The science of information integrity is concerned with preventing deception and/or cheating in information dependent systems; or failing that, to at least detect deception and assign responsibility if it does occur-- where the means of deception is solely the manipulation of information. In other words, information integrity is supposed to make it possible to trust the correct functioning of the system, even though (some of) the inputs may be untrustworthy. Typical deceptions might be; gaining unauthorized access to files or facilities, impersonating another user or forging his digital signature, disavowing a message that was actually sent (and received) or else falsely attributing a message to a transmitter who did not originate it, etc. Solutions to problems of this sort, while important in the classical two party communications setting, are crucial in a multiparty network setting where the number of participants may be essentially unlimited, as are the types and objectives for deception
Teacher preparation for K-12 online and blended learning

The field of K-12 education is constantly evolving with new learning models, especially those featuring online and blended learning options. With the emergence of these learning environments, teacher education programs are posed as an ideal place for preservice and inservice teachers to gain knowledge of teaching in online and blended settings. This chapter reviews the state of the field as it pertains to the preparation of preservice teachers for K-12 online and blended learning. It also shares ideas for future areas of research as well as implications for policy and practice.
Infections After Cardiac Transplantation

Increasing understanding of the epidemiology of post-transplant infections has led the development of preventative strategies that have reduced, though not eliminated, the risk of many serious infections after transplantation. At the same time, the rise of antimicrobial resistance has posed new challenges for the transplant recipient and clinician. This chapter discusses pre-transplant screening and treatment of pre-transplant infections; early post-transplant infectious complications including donor-transmitted infections; and a wide variety of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens that can affect the heart transplant recipient. Immunizations and strategies for safer living are highlighted. Effects of pathogens on allograft function and areas of active research are noted. The interested reader is encouraged to consult existing guidelines (see below) for further detailed recommendations.
The Patriarchy Prescription: Cure or Containment Strategy?

Professor Williams discusses the 1965 Moynihan Report, "The Negro Family: The Case for National Action," its effect on societal and legal views of blacks in the ensuing half-century, and offers an alternative paradigm, "social justice feminism," for examining challenges confronting African American families.
Abstract 408: The Role of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 - Integrin Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen 1 (LFA1) - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) Axis in T Lymphocyte Mediated Cardiac Inflammation in Pressure Overload Induced Heart Failure

Background: Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and Heart Failure (HF) are associated in humans and mice with increased circulating chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Expression of their receptor, CXCR3, in circulating T cells is associated with disease progression in HF patients. We recently published that ICAM1 is significantly upregulated in the LV endothelium and contributes to the progression of HF by regulating T cell recruitment to the LV in a mouse model of pressure overload (PO) induced HF. As CXCR3 can signal to integrins upon chemokine recognition and induce T cell adhesion to endothelial cells under flow conditions in vitro , we hypothesize that chemokine signaling through CXCR3 contributes to LV T cell recruitment and regulates integrin dependent adhesion to ICAM1 in PO induced HF. Methods and results: We used the mouse model of Thoracic Aortic Constriction (TAC) to induce LV remodeling and HF in WT and ICAM1 -/- mice, cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) isolated from adult C57/BL6 mice, flow cytometry and qPCR in mouse tissues and in cells cultured in vitro . The LV expression of CXCL9, 10 and 11 was upregulated in WT mice in response to 2 and 4 weeks TAC as compared to Sham, correlating with ICAM1, IL-6 and IL-1β upregulation and increased CXCR3+ T cell LV infiltration. In vitro , CFB cultured with CXCR3+ T cells or with their culture supernatants, induced CXCL9, 10 and 11, as compared to control media cultured CFB, suggesting CFB are a source of these chemokines under stress. 4 weeks post TAC in WT mice, LV recruited CXCR3+ T cells, as well as mediastinal lymph node and circulating CXCR3+ lymphocytes expressed higher levels of the integrin LFA1, the main ligand of ICAM1, than CXCR3- T cells. The same pattern was observed in systemic CXCR3+ T cells in ICAM1 -/- mice, which, in contrast to WT mice, had reduced LV infiltrated T cells. Conclusion: Our data supports a CXCR3-LFA1-ICAM1 axis being involved in non- ischemic HF. Further studies will determine the CXCR3 ligands triggering T cell LFA1 activation through CXCR3 and whether this mechanism regulates the pathology of non- ischemic HF via ICAM-1 mediated adhesion.