cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Transitioning Uninsured Persons from an Emergency Department to Federally Qualified Health Centers in East Baltimore

Many people in the United States rely on the emergency department (ED) for their usual source of primary care. Linking these ED users to a source of longitudinal primary care could provide significant health benefits. To assess an intervention attempting to connect ED users to federally qualified health cents (FQHCs), we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with volunteers, health facility providers, and a patient and a focus group with program volunteers. All sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed and analyzed to develop emergent themes highlighting the barriers and facilitating factors that affect the process of connecting patients to primary care. Themes included that 1) the ED is the preferred source of primary care over FQHCs, 2) there are limited links between EDs and FQHCs and 3) the evaluated intervention acts through and depends on patients’ prioritization of health and access to resources. Our findings suggest that, in addition to addressing individual needs, social services programs are well positioned to help increase communication between providers at FQHCs and EDs about both the services available to patients and patients’ medical care histories.
Feasibility of clinical detection of cervical dysplasia using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology.

This study sought to establish the feasibility of using in situ depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements for detection of cervical dysplasia. Forty enrolled patients received routine cervical colposcopy with angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) measurements of nuclear morphology. a/LCI scans from 63 tissue sites were compared to histopathological analysis of co-registered biopsy specimens which were classified as benign, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Results were dichotomized as dysplastic (LSIL/HSIL) versus non-dysplastic and HSIL versus LSIL/benign to determine both accuracy and potential clinical utility of a/LCI nuclear morphology measurements. Analysis of a/LCI data was conducted using both traditional Mie theory based processing and a new hybrid algorithm that provides improved processing speed to ascertain the feasibility of real-time measurements. Analysis of depth-resolved nuclear morphology data revealed a/LCI was able to detect a significant increase in the nuclear diameter at the depth bin containing the basal layer of the epithelium for dysplastic versus non-dysplastic and HSIL versus LSIL/Benign biopsy sites (both p 0.80) in identifying dysplastic biopsies and HSIL. The hybrid algorithm demonstrated a threefold decrease in processing time at a slight cost in classification accuracy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using a/LCI as an adjunctive clinical tool for detecting cervical dysplasia and guiding the identification of optimal biopsy sites. The faster speed from the hybrid algorithm offers a promising approach for real-time clinical analysis.
Characterizing Sub-millimeter Crystals with a Wide-band GHz Interferometer

The demand from geophysics and material sciences to characterize small crystal samples has propelled the development of a wide-band GHz ultrasonic interferometer. With this interferometer, acoustic travel times through single crystal samples as small as 100 μm in thickness and through a thin film of cyanoacrylate (super glue, ∼5 μm) have been determined with unprecedented accuracy. The bond effect on the sample travel time is much better understood than it was in the past. The interferometer is intended to operate at pressures up to 4 GPa (40 kbar) and at temperatures to 1500 K.
Evidence-Based Review of the Use of Steroids in Neurotrauma

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of premature death and disability in the world. Post-traumatic inflammation and edema is poorly tolerated by the central nervous system and exacerbates neurologic deterioration. Local release of cytotoxic inflammatory mediations results in secondary injury and worsening clinical outcomes. To reduce post-traumatic inflammation, steroids have been investigated and used as a preventative measure. This chapter reviews the most up-to-date literature on steroid use for the treatment of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury as well as traumatic cranial neuropathies and make recommendations on its role in modern clinical practice.
Privacy preserving proximity testing using elliptic curves

The availability of GPS in smartphones and other wireless devices has made location based services extremely popular. One of the most widely used location based services is finding nearby friends. Popular social networks like Facebook offer this service purely based on exact user locations. To subscribe to this feature, users are forced to let the service provider know their actual locations, compromising their location privacy. In this paper, we present a protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography concepts for proximity testing which can preserve location privacy of the users. Our protocol enables two parties, Alice and Bob, to test whether they are within an agreed upon distance range from each other without revealing their exact location. Our security analysis shows that our protocol is secure against most known location privacy threats including location triangulation attacks. From experimental evaluation performed on prototype implementation, we found that our protocol is practical for resource-constrained smartphone devices requiring a reasonably small execution time (53 ms) without the communication overhead.
The Tensor Property

In this chapter we get down to the business of tensors. We introduce the concept of a variant and define tensors as variants that transform from one coordinate system to another by a very special rule. We define covariance and contravariance and demonstrate how these opposite modes of transformation under a change of coordinates lead to the main goal of tensor calculus: invariance.
Proximal Radius Fractures in Children

Fractures of the radial head and neck, although fairly common, can be challenging injuries to treat due to the complex anatomy of the elbow and potential for complications. Proximal radius fractures account for approximately 1% of all pediatric fractures and about 5–10% of fractures about the elbow in children. It is important to note that approximately 50% of radial neck fractures are associated with concomitant injuries to the elbow. The incidence of proximal radius fractures is nearly equivalent between boys and girls with a slight predominance in girls. Frequently, proximal radius fractures occur in children 9–12 years of age; however, fractures can occur in very young children as well as in adolescents. In younger children, the radial head remains fibrocartilaginous and thus makes it more resistant to fracture. Therefore, children, especially younger children, are more likely to sustain fractures of the radial neck about the physis, which is the weakest biomechanical location of the proximal radius. However, in older children and adolescents, as the physis nears closure and more ossification occurs, fractures of the radial head can occur analogous to fractures seen in adults.
Electrohydrodynamics of drops and vesicles

The 1969 review by J.R. Melcher and G.I. Taylor defined the field of electrohydrodynamics. Fifty years on, the interaction of weakly conducting (leaky dielectric) fluids with electric fields continues to yield intriguing phenomena. The prototypical system of a drop in a uniform electric field has revealed remarkable dynamics in strong electric fields such as symmetry-breaking instabilities (e.g., Quincke rotation) and streaming from the drop equator. This review summarizes recent experimental and theoretical studies in the area of fluid particles (drop and vesicles) in electric fields, with a focus on the transient dynamics and extreme deformations. A theoretical framework to treat the time evolution of nearly spherical shapes is provided. The model has been successful in describing the dynamics of vesicles (closed lipid membranes) in an electric field, highlighting the broader range of applicability of the leaky dielectric approach.
Can false memory for critical lures occur without conscious awareness of list words

Abstract We examined whether the DRM false memory effect can occur when list words are presented below the perceptual identification threshold. In four experiments, subjects showed robust veridical memory for studied words and false memory for critical lures when masked list words were presented at exposure durations of 43 ms per word. Shortening the exposure duration to 29 ms virtually eliminated veridical recognition of studied words and completely eliminated false recognition of critical lures. Subjective visibility ratings in Experiments 3a and 3b support the assumption that words presented at 29 ms were subliminal for most participants, but were occasionally experienced with partial awareness by participants with higher perceptual awareness. Our results indicate that a false memory effect does not occur in the absence of conscious awareness of list words, but it does occur when word stimuli are presented at an intermediate level of visibility.
NAFLD induces neuroinflammation and accelerates Alzheimer’s disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease afflicting about one third of the world’s population and 30% of the US population. It is induced by consumption of high lipid diets and is characterized by liver inflammation and subsequent liver pathology leading to steatosis and steatohepatitis. We fed mice with high fat/lipid diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD) and monitored them for signs of systemic or central nervous system inflammation. We found that NAFLD induced acute liver inflammation and accelerates signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in an AD-Transgenic model. Moreover, chronic NAFLD induced advanced signs of AD in WT mice. In the chronic disease stage, we observed neuronal apoptosis and decreased brain expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 that is involved in beta-amyloid clearance, in both WT and APP-Tg mice. HFD fed mice harbored numerous activated and proliferating microglial cells in their brain. Removal of mice from HFD during acute disease reversed liver pathology and neuroinflammation and decreased beta-amyloid plaque load. Concomitant with microglial cell activation, we observed profound changes in microbiota, resulting in a more pathogenic microglial phenotype. Interestingly, removal of mice from HFD completely abrogated microglial cell activation and proliferation and changes in gut. Based on these findings, we conclude that inflammation induced by HFD induces profound pathogenic changes in the gut concomitant with pathogenic changes in the CNS leading to neurodegeneration.
Ionizing Collisions of Fast K Atoms with Oriented Symmetric Top Molecules: Preliminary Results

A harpoon-type mechanism has been proposed [1] to explain the angular distribution of the scattering of low-energy K atoms from oriented CF3I. This proposes that an electron from the K atom is transferred to the CF3I at long range giving rise to a CF3I- ion in a repulsive state. The CF3I- then dissociates impulsively with the CF3 radical and I- ion separating along the instantaneous direction of the C-I bond and the KI product recoiling with a momentum given by the resultant of the K+ and I- momenta. This predicts that KI will be backward scattered for “heads” orientation (K incident on the I end of the molecule) and forward scattered for “tails” orientation. The model is in good agreement with experiment, and moreover, correctly accounts for the experimental angular distribution resulting from “sideways” oriented molecules.
The hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome: therapeutic response

The hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome affects between 2% and 5% of hirsute women and is characterized by INS resistance, elevated INS levels, acanthosis nigricans, and androgen excess. These patients' response to therapy is unclear, although long-acting GnRH-a suppression has been proposed. The objective of this study was to determine the success of OC in suppressing the hyperandrogenemia of five patients with the hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome and the subsequent response to GnRH-a suppression of those women failing initial therapy. After 6 months of OC and SPA therapy, four patients experienced adequate suppression of free T, an increase in SHBG levels, and a subjective improvement in hair growth rate. Two also reported an improvement in hair texture. The total and free T levels in the fifth patient did not suppress after 8 months of OC therapy. Nevertheless, in this patient the administration of a GnRH-a along with hormonal replacement and SPA adequately suppressed free and total T, increased SHBG, and dramatically decreased the shaving interval. In conclusion, although GnRH-a suppression and hormonal replacement can be helpful in patients not responding to standard therapy, the majority of patients with the hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome will respond favorably to OC treatment. It is also clear that although hyperinsulinemia augments LH-stimulated androgen biosynthesis in vivo, it does not appear to be able to initiate or maintain androgen production in the absence of adequate gonadotropin stimulation.
A Reduced 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1α-Hydroxylase Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells can be Restored by Gene Transfer

Either absorbed in the intestine from the diet or synthesized in the skin through exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, vitamin D undergoes two sequential enzymatic hydroxylations, first in the liver at the 25th carbon position, producing 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), and then in the kidney, at the 1α position, yielding the active hormone, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3)1. Since the discovery of extra-renal 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) in keratinocytes2, this enzyme, responsible for activating vitamin D, has been demonstrated in various tissues, including several prostate cancer cell lines and primary cultures of prostate cells as shown by our group in 19983. In that report, we observed that a primary culture of prostate cells from a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) had a lower 1α-OHase activity level than that obtained from a normal donor, and that prostate cancer cell lines had an even lower 1α-OHase activity level than that found in BPH cells. In fact, no detectable 1α-OHase activity was found in the LNCaP cancer cell line. In fact, no detectable 1α-OHase activity was found in the LNCaP cancer cell line.
Effect of soil organic carbon on soil hydraulic properties

Publisher Summary The primary soil hydraulic properties that soil organic carbon affects are porosity, soil water retention, and hydraulic conductivity. This chapter discusses the effect of organic carbon or organic matter on these properties and explains the way these effects can be incorporated into pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The sensitivity of water retention to changes in organic carbon content decreases as the initial organic carbon content increases. A similar conclusion can be drawn from the equations presented for water retention of soils amended with the organic waste in soils in the United States, England, India, and Germany. In a study discussed in the chapter, the reduction of the effect of increasing organic carbon content on water content at −5 kPa with the increase in the original value of the organic carbon content was reported. Water retention of peat soils presents a limit case for the increase of organic carbon content in samples. Soil-survey databases contain data on soils in natural ecosystems and on agricultural soils showing similar responses of soil water retention to changes in organic carbon content. Modeling of the changes of organic carbon content in soils and related changes in ecosystem productivity attracts significant attention with regard to climate changes and management changes. Existing models lack the feedback effect of organic carbon content accumulation on water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Results presented in the chapter can be used in those models to improve their predictive ability.
Emergent mode and bound states in single-component one-dimensional lattice fermionic systems

We study the formation of bound states in a one-dimensional, single-component Fermi chain with attractive interactions. The phase diagram, computed from DMRG (density matrix renormalization group), shows not only a superfluid of paired fermions (pair phase) and a liquid of three-fermion bound states (trion phase), but also a phase with two gapless modes. We show that the latter phase is described by a two-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory, consisting of one charged and one neutral mode. We argue based on our numerical data, that the single, pair, and trion phases are descendants of the two-component TLL theory. We speculate on the nature of the phase transitions amongst these phases.
Dynamic Model Learning and Manipulation Planning for Objects in Hospitals Using a Patient Assistant Mobile (PAM)Robot

One of the most concerning and costly problems in hospitals is patients falls. We address this problem by introducing PAM, a patient assistant mobile robot, that maneuvers mobility aids to assist with fall prevention. Common objects found inside hospitals include objects with legs (i.e. walkers, tables, chairs, equipment stands). For a mobile robot operating in such environments, safely maneuvering these objects without collision is essential. Since providing the robot with dynamic models of all possible legged objects that may exist in such environments is not feasible, autonomous learning of an approximate dynamic model for these objects would significantly improve manipulation planning. We describe a probabilistic method to do this by fitting pre-categorized object models learned from minimal force and motion interactions with an object. In addition, we account for multiple manipulation strategies, which requires a hybrid control system comprised of discrete grasps on legs and continuous applied forces. To do this, we use a simple one-wheel point-mass model. A hybrid MPC-based manipulation planning algorithm was developed to compensate for modeling errors. While the proposed algorithm applies to a broad range of legged objects, we only show results for the case of a 2-wheel, 4-legged walker in this paper. Simulation and experimental tests show that the obtained dynamic model is sufficiently accurate for safe and collision-free manipulation. When combined with the proposed manipulation planning algorithm, the robot can successfully move the object to a desired position without collision.
Are There Both Causal and Non-Causal Explanations of a Rocket’s Acceleration?

A typical textbook explanation of a rocket’s motion when its engine is fired appeals to momentum conservation: the rocket accelerates forward because its exhaust accelerates rearward and the system...
Evaluation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II as a candidate for sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in Dachshunds.

Author(s): Stromberg, Stephanie J; Thomasy, Sara M; Marangakis, Ariana D; Kim, Soohyun; Cooper, Ann E; Brown, Emily A; Maggs, David J; Bannasch, Danika L | Abstract: ObjectiveSudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is one of the leading causes of acute blindness in dogs, with an unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Certain breeds such as Dachshunds are overrepresented among SARDS patients, and therefore, the syndrome is suspected to have a genetic component. The objective of this study was to determine if a genetic locus associated with SARDS in Dachshunds could be identified using a genome-wide association study (GWAS).ProceduresGenome-wide association mapping was performed in 15 SARDS-affected and 16 unaffected Dachshunds. Genotyping of three classical DLA class II genes (DLA-DRB1, DLA-DQA1, and DLA-DQB1) was performed in 34 SARDS-affected and 66 unaffected Dachshunds to evaluate for an association in this region.ResultsAlthough no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were of genome-wide statistical significance (PBonferroni nln0.05), 5 of the top 9 SNPs were in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Using DLA typing, the allele DLA-DRB1*09401 was identified as a risk factor for the development of SARDS (Pn=n0.0032, ORn=n4.0). The alleles DLA-DQB1*00101 (Pn=n0.0050, ORn=n0.31), DLA-DQA1*00901 (Pn=n0.0087, ORn=n0.33), and a previously identified DLA-DRB1allele described as "DRB1-T" (Pn=n0.0284, ORn=n0.37) were identified as protective factors.ConclusionsAlthough far from definitive, association of SARDS with alleles of immunologic importance further supports the hypothesis that autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of SARDS.
Role of the Ambulatory Care Clinical Pharmacist in Management of a Refugee Patient Population at a University-Based Refugee Healthcare Clinic

The International Family Medicine Clinic (IFMC) at University of Virginia Health System serves refugees and special immigrants in Virginia. The IFMC comprises an interprofessional team including a clinical pharmacist. A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was performed. Adult refugee patients who attended a scheduled clinical pharmacist visit between October 6, 2015 and December 31, 2016 were included. The primary outcome was to characterize interventions made by a clinical pharmacist. Secondary outcomes included describing chronic disease states experienced by certain refugee populations and the clinical impact of pharmacist interventions in diabetes management. 80 refugee patients attended 275 clinical pharmacist visits. On average, visits lasted 30 min. Numerous patient interventions were made, including initiation of 68 new medications, discontinuation of 49 medications, and 66 medication dose changes. An average A1c reduction of 1.8% (p < 0.001) was noted. The clinical pharmacist can play an important role in refugee healthcare.
Do variants of the intercondylar notch predispose children to the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament

Differences in knee development result in morphological variations observed among individuals. Some of them predispose to significant knee injuries. Although the anatomical risk factors are well established in adults, there is still a need for further research in this area in the group of children. This work aims to determine the morphological variations of the intercondylar notch of the femur predisposing to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the knee were retrospectively analyzed in 74 patients aged 4-18 years. Examinations were performed due to pain complaints after trauma. The completely torn ACL was found in 35 patients. The diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively. The remaining patients, with no signs of injuries, were qualified as a reference group. The intercondylar notch width was evaluated by calculating the Notch Width Index. Additionally, the morphology of the intercondylar eminence was assessed. Finally, a statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed.Patients with a torn ACL had a narrower intercondylar notch (a lower Notch Width Index, P = 0.0007) as well as a broader and more sharply ended intercondylar eminence (P = 0.0267 and 0.0188, respectively). The narrowed intercondylar notch, expressed by the low Notch Width Index, and the increased size of the intercondylar eminence were identified as the risk factors for the ACL rupture in children. Clin. Anat. 32:706-709, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Design of DC-Link Voltage Controller and PQ Controller for Grid Connected VSC for Microgrid Application

The paper presents design of two controllers for grid-connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of Microgrid. The control objective is to provide power sharing from renewable sources of Microgrid to main grid. The PV, BESS and wind system need VSC for grid connection. Both DC-link voltage control and Active/Reactive power (PQ) control provide reference currents for inner current controller to generate modulating signal for PWM technique to generate pulses for VSC. DC-link voltage control regulates dc-link voltages to control power whereas active/reactive power control provides direct control of power injection into grid. The controls are designed in synchronous reference frame. Simulation results are provided in order to show the performance of the controllers.
The impact of the affordable care act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on access to minimally invasive surgical care.

Abstract Introduction This study aims to evaluate the effect of the ACA Medicaid expansion on the utilization of minimally invasive (MIS) approaches to common general surgical procedures. Methods We queried five Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases to evaluate rates of utilization and costs of MIS and open approaches pre and post Medicaid expansion. Results 117,241 patients met the inclusion criteria. Following the enactment of the ACA, use of both laparoscopic gastric bypass (IRR 1.08; 95% CI: [1.02, 1.15]) and Nissen fundoplication (IRR 1.17; 95% CI [1.09, 1.26]) increased in Medicaid patients treated in expansion states than in those treated in non-expansion states. Simultaneously, the costs reported for self-pay patients increased in expansion states more than in non-expansion states (+$1669; 95% CI [$655, $2682]). Conclusions Medicaid expansion was associated with increased rates of utilization of MIS approaches to several surgical procedures and a shifting of costs toward patients who were self-insured.
Novel Approach for NK Cell Therapy for Cancer

Abstract Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for many malignancies such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). We have developed a new therapeutic strategy based upon NK cell immunotherapy that exhibits high clinical potential based upon cell and animal studies. While the harnessing of NK cells for cellular therapy against malignancies has been a topic of interest for several decades, our approach overcomes a major hurdle of insufficient NK cell cytotoxic activity. We have identified that targeting the kinase GSK3 through pharmacologic and genetic approaches leads to the hyperactivation of human blood derived NK cells and a significant improvement in efficacy as compared to traditionally used activated NK cells or chemotherapy in our mouse AML model systems. Importantly this GSK3 inhibition can be achieved through a short ex-vivo incubation of NK cells with a GSK3 inhibitor paving the way for a rapid implementation into a clinical trial. Utilizing both in vitro studies with AML cell lines (ex. OCI-AML3 and HL-60)) and primary human AML cells we observe approximately a 50% increase in efficacy with GSK3 inhibited NK cells as compared to untreated NK cells. Further, we demonstrate significant efficacy of GSK3 inhibited NK cells in a mouse model of circulating human AML. After 4 weekly injections of human NK cells, there is a 50% greater reduction in human AML cells present in the mouse bone marrow with GSK3 inhibited NK cells as compared to vehicle treated NK cells. Besides efficacy studies, our work has led a model of how GSK3-inhibition enhances NK cell activity as depicted in figure 1 . GSK3 inhibition leads to a dramatic increase in adhesion of NK cells to target cells as demonstrated by a flow cytometric adhesion assay (49% vs 83% after 20 min incubation) as well as live cell imaging. Consistent with the increased adhesion, GSK3 inhibited NK cells as well as target cells (after co-incubation) exhibit increased expression of essential NK cell-target adhesion molecules including L-selectin (on NK cells) and ICAM (on target cells). The induction of ICAM on target cells is due to a marked induction in TNFa production from the NK cells upon incubation with target cells (>7 fold increase in TNFa production). TNFa neutralization impairs the NK activity of the GSK3 inhibited NK cells (~30%) but not vehicle treated cells. Finally, GSK3 inhibition also leads to changes in the NK cells that enhance activity such as increased expression of granzyme and perforin and secretion of IFNg. Overall, our work has a revealed a novel strategy for NK cell therapy that holds high clinical potential. Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Model of how GSK3 inhibition leads to hyperactive NK cells. GSK3I - GSK3 inhibitor Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Resection of Giant Craniopharyngioma in a Toddler-Multimodal Presurgical Planning, Surgical Technique, and Management of Complications: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

A 2-yr-old patient with a giant craniopharyngioma presented with seizures and panhypopituitarism. The lesion was initially approached at an outside institution with a transfrontal cyst fenestration, but progressive growth occurred later. Multiple management options were considered; we recommended an endoscopic endonasal approach with the goal of maximal safe resection. Virtual reality simulation and 3-dimensional printing were employed to evaluate whether the absence of pneumatization of the sinuses and the overall size of the nasal cavity could preclude effective surgical access. Our lab results suggested the binostril approach was feasible. A wide surgical exposure was performed from planum sphenoidale to clivus and from orbit to orbit. After removing the large calcified tumor portion, we found an accurate plane of dissection between tumor capsule, hypothalami, and visual pathways. By the end of resection, arterial bleeding was encountered secondary to an avulsion of the posterior communicating artery from the posterior cerebral artery. An angled aneurysm clip was placed with a single-shaft applier to secure the site of injury without narrowing the parent artery. Immediate and delayed magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography studies showed gross total resection, no stroke, and no pseudoaneurysm formation. On postoperative day 9, patient developed neurological decline and pneumocephalus secondary to necrotic nasoseptal flap. Two endonasal repairs with a lateral nasal wall flap were attempted with no success. A temporoparietal fascia flap was then harvested and transposed from the temporal to the pterygopalatine fossa to successfully repair the skull base defect. The patient has made an extraordinary recovery with no neurological sequalae. The patient's parents provided consent for the procedure and use of intraoperative photos and videos for academic purposes. Institutional Review Board approval was not required.
Population spatial frequency tuning in human early visual cortex.

Spatial frequency selectivity is a hallmark property of early visuocortical neurons, and mapping these sensitivities gives us crucial insight into the hierarchical organization of information withi...
Factors Associated with Gabapentin Misuse among People Who Inject Drugs in Appalachian Kentucky

Gabapentin is misused to potentiate the euphoric effects of opioids, self-treat physical pain, and moderate opioid withdrawal symptoms. Because examinations of gabapentin misuse among people who inject drugs (PWID) are scant, the aim of this study is to identify factors associated with gabapentin misuse among this population. Methods: Data are drawn from a study examining the uptake of syringe service programs (SSPs) in Appalachian Kentucky. The sample includes 324 PWID who were age 18 and over and reported past month drug injection. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine recent (past 90 days) gabapentin misuse. Results: Participants are female (50.0%); Hispanic (2.2%), Black (1.5%), white (90.7%), and other race/ethnicity (4.6%). Mean age is 37. Participants reporting gabapentin misuse had higher odds of reporting (mis)use of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, prescription stimulants, fentanyl, and buprenorphine (p < .042); severe substance use disorder (p < .000); and recent physical pain (p < .003). In multivariable models, findings related to misuse of prescription opioids and buprenorphine; severe substance use disorder; and recent physical pain or discomfort, remained significant (p < .042). Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to examine gabapentin misuse among PWID. It is possible that individuals reporting recent gabapentin misuse are attempting to self-treat physical pain when healthcare is limited. Gabapentin may also be misused to achieve desired central nervous system effects and to potentiate opioid highs. Syringe service programs can educate PWID about the potential dangers of polydrug use involving gabapentin and to connect PWID with needed healthcare services.
Box-To-Box Transformation for Modeling Joint Hierarchies

Learning representations of entities and relations in knowledge graphs is an active area of research, with much emphasis placed on choosing the appropriate geometry to capture tree-like structures. Box embeddings (Vilnis et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019; Dasgupta et al., 2020), which represent concepts as n-dimensional hyperrectangles, are capable of embedding trees by training on a subset of the transitive closure. In Patel et al. (2020), the authors demonstrate that only the transitive reduction is required, and further extend box embeddings to capture joint hierarchies by augmenting the graph with new nodes. While it is possible to represent joint hierarchies with this method, the parameters for each hierarchy are decoupled, making generalization between hierarchies infeasible. In this work, we introduce a learned box-to-box transformation which respects the geometric structure of the box embeddings. We demonstrate that this not only improves the capability of modeling cross-hierarchy compositional edges but is also capable of generalizing from a subset of the transitive reduction.
New fossils of Jurassic ophiurid brittle stars (Ophiuroidea; Ophiurida) provide evidence for early clade evolution in the deep sea

1.Understanding of the evolutionary history of the ophiuroids, or brittle stars, is hampered by a patchy knowledge of the fossil record. Especially the stem members of the living clades are poorly known, resulting in blurry concepts of the early clade evolution and imprecise estimates of divergence ages. Here, we describe new ophiuroid fossil from the Lower Jurassic of France, Luxembourg, and Austria and introduce the new taxa Ophiogojira labadiei gen. et sp. nov. from lower Pliensbachian shallow sublittoral deposits, Ophiogojira andreui gen. et sp. nov. from lower Toarcian shallow sublittoral deposits, and Ophioduplantiera noctiluca gen. et sp. nov. from late Sinemurian to lower Pliensbachian bathyal deposits. A Bayesian morphological phylogenetic analysis shows that Ophiogojira holds a basal position within the order Ophiurida, whereas Ophioduplantiera has a more crownward position within the ophiurid family Ophiuridae. The position of Ophioduplantiera in the evolutionary tree suggests that family-level divergences within the Ophiurida must have occurred before the late Sinemurian, and that ancient slope environments played an important role in fostering early clade evolution.
Genetic diversity and population structure of a global invader Mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula): management implications

Mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula) is a globally invasive, troublesome annual weed but knowledge of its genetic diversity, population structure in invaded regions and invasion patterns remains unstudied. Therefore, germplasm from 19 A. cotula populations (sites) from three geographically distinct invaded regions: the Walla Walla Basin (located in southern Washington) and the Palouse (located in both northern Idaho and eastern Washington), Pacific Northwest, USA and Kashmir Valley, India were grown in the greenhouse for DNA extraction and sequencing. A total of 18 829 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were called and filtered for each of 89 samples. Pairwise FST, Nei's genetic distance, heterozygosity, Wright's inbreeding coefficient (F) and self-fertilization rates were estimated for populations within and among the three regions with a total of 19 populations comprised of 89 individuals. Overall measurements of genetic variation were low but significant among regions, populations and individuals. Despite the weak genetic structure, two main genetic clusters were evident, one comprised of populations from Palouse and Kashmir Valley, the other comprised of populations from the Walla Walla Basin. Significant selfing was observed in populations from the Walla Walla Basin and Palouse but not from Kashmir Valley, indicating that Mayweed chamomile in the Pacific Northwest, USA could persist with low pollinator or pollen donor densities. Although FST values between the regions indicate Palouse populations are more closely related to Kashmir Valley than to Walla Walla Basin populations, based on Migrate-n analysis, panmixis was the most likely model, suggesting an unrestricted gene flow among all three regions. Our study indicated that Kashmir Valley populations either originated from or shared the origin with the Palouse populations, suggesting human-mediated migration of A. cotula between regions.
Energy Deposition by X-Rays and Electrons

The majority of the methods that form the subject of this Institute involve the use of electrons or soft X rays. It appears useful, therefore, to review the nature of the interaction of these particles with matter. Our discussion will not break new ground; in fact, it will remain rather elementary. A general bibliograpy for further study will be provided, however[1–10].
Association of Ions and Water with Macromolecules

The term living state has a specific meaning in the association—induction (AI) hypothesis, as suggested in the title of the monograph published twenty-two years ago: A Physical Theory of the Living State (Ling, 1962). In this concept the living state does not mean merely the presence of an assortment of the right ingredients in the right stoichiometric proportions, even though this requirement is vital; rather, the living state denotes two additional criteria: that the right ingredients are in a correct physical relation to one another in space-time coordinates, and that together in the resting cell they exist in a high-energy, low-entropy state.
Super-Eddington accretion in ultra-luminous neutron star binary

We discuss properties of the ultra-luminous $X$-ray source in the galaxy M82, NuSTAR J095551+6940.8, containing an accreting neutron star. The neutron star has surface magnetic field $ B_{NS} \approx 1.4 \times 10^{13 } \, {\rm G}$ and experiences accretion rate of $9 \times 10^{-7} M_\odot {\rm \, yr}^{-1} $. The magnetospheric radius, close to the corotation radius, is $\sim 2 \times 10^8$ cm. The accretion torque on the neutron star is reduce well below what is expected in a simple magnetospheric accretion due to effective penetration of the stellar magnetic field into the disk beyond the corotation radius. As a result, the radiative force of the surface emission does not lead to strong coronal wind, but pushes plasma along magnetic field lines towards the equatorial disk. The neutron star is nearly an orthogonal rotator, with the angle between the rotation axis and the magnetic moment $\geq 80$ degrees. Accretion occurs through optically thick -- geometrically thin and flat accretion "curtain", which cuts across the polar cap. High radiation pressure from the neutron star surface is nevertheless smaller than that the ram pressure of the accreting material flowing through the curtain, and thus fails to stop the accretion. At distances below few stellar radii the magnetic suppression of the scattering cross-section becomes important. The $X$-ray luminosity (pulsed and persistent components) comes both from the neutron star surface as a hard $X$-ray component and as a soft component from reprocessing by the accretion disk.
Megaloblastic pancytopenia vis-à-vis non-megaloblastic pancytopenia: is mean platelet volume useful discriminating indicator.

Summary Introduction: Megaloblastic anaemia may present with pancytopenia and clinically mimic other causes of pancytopenia including myelodysplastic syndrome or aplastic anaemia. Bone marrow examination may be required for precise differentiation. The study was conducted to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) to discriminate between pancytopenia due to megaloblastic anaemia or non-megaloblastic causes. Methods: A total of 268 cases of pancytopenia were divided into megaloblastic and non- megaloblastic group depending on clinical, laboratory and bone marrow examination. Mean MPV was statistically analyzed in both the groups along with comparison with healthy controls. Results: The mean MPV in 88 cases of megaloblastic group (7.97 fl) was although statistically significantly higher than mean MPV in 180 cases of non-megaloblastic group (7.04 fl) with P value <0.05 but had limited sensitivity and specificity to discriminate megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic pancytopenia (cut off of 7.45 fl was 63.6% sensitive and 67.3% specific as observed by receptor operating characteristic curve analysis).The mean MPV in aplastic/hypocellular marrow and acute leukaemia category of non-megaloblastic group was significantly lower than megaloblastic group of pancytopenia (P value <0.05). MPV was also significantly lower in non-megaloblastic pancytopenia as compared to controls (P < 0.001) while there was no statistical difference in MPV between megaloblastic pancytopenia and controls (P < 0.057). Conclusion: MPV has limited sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic pancytopenia. Pancytopenia due to aplastic/hypocellular marrow and acute leukaemia has significantly lower MPV than megaloblastic group while other pancytopenic cases do not show any statistical difference in MPV from megaloblastic pancytopenia.
The electrocardiogram in tachycardia: Common errors of interpretation

Abstract Electrocardiograms recorded during movement of the patient may be distorted by gradual and abrupt shifts in the base line. Both forms of artifact can be visually excluded by interpreting only those complexes that appear in superimposable pairs. Base-line horizontality is not essential for the accurate measurement of waves. The overlap in time and consequent voltage summations of T, U, and P waves in tachycardia may cause misinterpretations of cardiac electrophysiology by obscuring the onsets and terminations of waves, by altering the position of wave apexes, and by producing distortions of amplitude. Wave summations alone may in some cases explain apparent P-wave enlargement and T a -wave visualization. P-R segment extrapolation techniques for S-T segment evaluation can be safely employed only with a knowledge of the undistorted P amplitude and duration and the components of the sloping P-R segment.
Bid–Ask Spread

Security dealers maintain a continuous presence in the market and stand ready to buy and sell securities immediately from impatient sellers and buyers. Keywords: Bid–Ask Spread
Newton to Einstein: Time dilation and length contraction

Einstein concentrated on changing the traditional notions of absolute space and absolute time, replacing them by one absolute: the speed of light. Anthony J. Adams, Wesley an '91, essay in Physics 104, fall 1988. Time dilation The relativity of simultaneity tells us that observers in different frames of reference may disagree on the time interval between two events. One observer may find the time interval to be zero and hence the events to be simultaneous; another may not. Let us try to make the comparison of time intervals more quantitative. We suppose that Alice is baking brownies. She puts the tray in the oven and sets the timer for 30 minutes. This is the first event. When the timer rings, Alice takes out the brownies; that is the second event. For Alice, the time interval between the two events is 30 minutes, and the events occur at the same location: the oven, stationary in her frame. As in chapter 9, Alice moves with speed ν relative to Bob, and so do the oven and brownies. What time interval between the two events does Bob perceive? To answer the question, we need somehow to introduce light, for all that we are sure of is that both Alice and Bob always measure the speed of light to be c , 3x 10 8 meters/second. So let us imagine a mirror on the ceiling over the oven, as sketched in figure 10.1.
Some Nonclassical Trends in Parabolic and Parabolic-like Evolutions

An overview will be given of some nonlinear parabolic-like evolution problems which are off the classical beaten track, but have increased in importance during the past decade. The emphasis is on problems which are nonlocal, pattern-forming (including exhibiting propagative phenomena), and/or lead in some singular limit to free boundary problems. In all cases they have been proposed as models for phenomena in the natural sciences. Also emphasized are the relationships among these various trends.
A Virtual Assembly Design Environment

The Virtual Assembly Design Environment (VADE) is a virtual reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. This system focuses on utilizing an immersive virtual environment tightly coupled with commercial computer aided design (CAD) systems. Salient features of VADE include: data integration (two-way) with a parametric CAD system; realistic interaction of the user with parts in the virtual environment; creation of valued design information in the virtual environment; reverse data transfer of design information back to the CAD system; significant interactivity in the virtual environment; collision detection; and physically-based modeling. This paper describes the functionality and applications of VADE. A discussion of the limitations of virtual assembly and a comparison with automated assembly planning systems are presented. Experiments conducted using real-world engineering models are also described.
Using soil quality indicators to assess forest stand management

A general goal of the forestry sector in many countries is developing and applying best management practices that will result in sustainable forestry. Maintaining soil productivity is a criterion in most sustainability initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to outline the steps and rationale of a monitoring approach, using soil-based indicators as an example, to assess stand-level sustainability of intensively managed forests. The monitoring process, described here, includes steps that establish the proper inference space, identify soil functions, attributes, and indicators, combine indicator responses in a soil quality model, establish baseline conditions for comparing soil change, validate relationships between indicators and soil productivity, and implement a sampling scheme to measure indicators, analyze trends, and interpret change for adapting Sustainable Forestry Practises (SFPs) to maximize their effectiveness. This monitoring process is proposed as a method for SFP research and development that will lead to sustainable forest management at the unit level.
LUMINESCENCE IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

— The behavior of glow curves and of ferricyanide-induced luminescence in photo-synthetic bacteria is consistent with a model in which light is emitted when electrons return to oxidized reaction center chlorophyll from the primary acceptor. A number of observations can be explained if it is assumed that the chromatophore membrane potential provides part of the activation energy for the process. The model is tested by inducing light emission by the generation of potassium diffusion potentials in preilluminated Chromatium chromatophores.