cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dielectric-loaded wideband gyro-TWT

The bandwidth of a gyro-TWT (traveling-wave tube) can be widened by employing a dielectric-loaded waveguide to reduce the circuit's dispersion. Fast wave interaction allows the requirements on the beam's quality to be relaxed compared with slow wave interaction. A low- alpha ( identical to nu /sub perpendicular to // nu /sub z/) electron beam is chosen to avoid the absolute instability and minimize the possibility of dielectric charging. This device is investigated using a self-consistent single-mode, large-signal simulation based on a slow time scale formulation. Simulation results show that a constant drive bandwidth of 20% can be achieved for a 100 kV, 5 A electron beam with a velocity ratio of alpha =0.59 and an axial velocity spread of 2.0%. The growth rate is relatively low because of the low alpha of the electron beam. The design of a proof-of-principle experiment is described. The tube is expected to deliver a power of 80 kW from 9 to 11 GHz with 15% efficiency and a saturated gain of 30 dB. The performance of a single-anode magnetron injection gun designed to produce the required high-quality electron beam has been studied through simulation. >
Methods for estimation of demographic parameters from DNA sequence samples

The paper shows basic mathematical methodology of modeling genetic neutral evolution, including Fisher-Wright process statistics, appropriate models of mutation and coalescence method, and overviews recent results in the area. The basic approach is the use of maximum likelihood techniques. However due to computational problems, other more intuitive or approximate methods are also of great importance.
Delayed Primary Esophageal Anastomosis for Pure Esophageal Atresia

PURE ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA without tracheoeophageal fistula is an uncommon anomaly, comprising 8% of all patients with esophageal atresia, with an expected incidence of 1 in 40,000 live births.l In newborns with pure esophageal atresia, the esophageal segments are too far apart to allow primary anastomosis. In the past, it was customary in these patients to perform a cervical oesophagostomy and gastrostomy soon after birth, followed later by an interposition of colon or stomach. These procedures usually are successful, but the postoperative complications and long-term morbidity can be significant. During the last 3 decades there have been considerable changes in the management of pure esophageal atresia, and it is now widely accepted that delayed primary anastomosis of the esophagus is not only achievable but also the preferred option in the majority of such cases. We have been successful in accomplishing delayed primary anastomosis in all cases of pure esophageal atresia treated at our hospital since 1977 and thus have avoided esophageal replacement.
A fuzzy expert system for mutual fund selection

This paper describes a fuzzy logic approach to the process of mutual fund selection. It argues that the fuzzy logic approach provides a novel way to analyze the investor's profile, available mutual funds, and select an economically rational mutual fund to satisfy the investor's situation. It discusses the design issues involved in developing a fuzzy expert system for selecting the mutual fund. A prototype system is implemented using XpertRule software.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a disease characterized by fatty replacement of the right ventricular muscle (1). The residual myocardial fibers are often embedded in fibrous tissue. This substrate is conducive to right ventricular re-entrant arrhythmias. Initially this condition was called dysplasia because it was thought to represent an abnormality of development of the right ventricle. Subsequently it has been classified as a cardiomyopathy since the right ventricular myocardium may be normal at birth with fatty replacement progressive after birth. Since the pathogenesis of this disease is not exactly clear, the two terms are frequently combined as ARVD/C.
Processing signals from surface electrode arrays for noninvasive 3D mapping of muscle activity

This paper presents a new technique for reconstruction and imaging of volumetric neuromuscular activity using digital signal processing of multichannel surface potential recordings. We use magnetic resonance images to model anatomical structures with finite element analysis and to quantify material properties within the inhomogeneous volume. Time-frequency distributions of the multichannel EMG array data decompose the broadband source localization problem into a narrowband framework. Poisson's equation is then solved using finite element methods coupled with signal processing estimation techniques to localize neuromuscular activity. This new imaging tool can be used to enhance clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders and to improve understanding of human locomotion for biomechanics and robotics. >
Temperature dependence of the Cl+HN3 reaction from 300 to 480 K

The rate constant for Cl + HN3 over the temperature range 300-480 K has been studied in a flow reactor. Based on the rate of loss of HN3 and the rate of NCI(a'A) generation, the temperature dependence of this reaction is described by the collision theory expression 1.2 + 0.3 X 10-1" T 0 . exp(- 1514 + 93/T), with E, = 3.0 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 or an Arrhenius fit k(T) = 2.0 ± 1.0 X 10-10 exp(- 1452 + 150/T) with E., = 2.9 ± 0.2 kcalmol-. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Concept-oriented indexing of video databases: toward semantic sensitive retrieval and browsing

Digital video now plays an important role in medical education, health care, telemedicine and other medical applications. Several content-based video retrieval (CBVR) systems have been proposed in the past, but they still suffer from the following challenging problems: semantic gap, semantic video concept modeling, semantic video classification, and concept-oriented video database indexing and access. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to make some advances toward the final goal to solve these problems. Specifically, the framework includes: 1) a semantic-sensitive video content representation framework by using principal video shots to enhance the quality of features; 2) semantic video concept interpretation by using flexible mixture model to bridge the semantic gap; 3) a novel semantic video-classifier training framework by integrating feature selection, parameter estimation, and model selection seamlessly in a single algorithm; and 4) a concept-oriented video database organization technique through a certain domain-dependent concept hierarchy to enable semantic-sensitive video retrieval and browsing.
Forward-looking infrared imaging predicts ultimate burn depth in a porcine vertical injury progression model.

Abstract Introduction Current methods of assessing burn depth are limited and are primarily based on visual assessments by burn surgeons. This technique has been shown to have only 60% accuracy and a more accurate, simple, noninvasive method is needed to determine burn wound depth. Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) thermography is both noninvasive and user-friendly with the potential to rapidly assess burn depth. The purpose of this paper is to determine if early changes in burn temperature (first 3 days) can be a predictor of burn depth as assessed by vertical scarring 28 days after injury. Methods While under general anesthesia, 20 burns were created on the backs of two female Yorkshire swine using a 2.5cm×2.5cm×7.5cm, 150g aluminum bar, for a total of 40 burns. FLIR imaging was performed at both early (1, 2 and 3 days) and late (7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 28 days) time points. Burns were imaged from a height of 12 inches from the skin surface. FLIR ExaminIR © software was used to examine the infrared thermographs. One hundred temperature points from burn edge to edge across the center of the burn were collected for each burn at all time points and were exported as a comma-separated values (CSV) file. The CSV file was processed and analyzed using a MATLAB program. The temperature profiles through the center of the burns generated parabola-like curves. The lowest temperature (temperature minimum) and a line midway between the temperature minimum and ambient skin temperature at the burn edges was defined and the area of the curve calculated (the "temperature half-area"). Results Half-area values 2 days after burn had higher correlations with scar depth than did the minimum temperatures. However, burns that became warmer from 1 day to 2 days after injury had a lower scar depth then burns that became cooler and this trend was best predicted by temperature minima. When data were analyzed as a diagnostic test for sensitivity and specificity using >3mm scarring, i.e. a full-thickness burn, as a clinically relevant criterion standard, temperature minima at 2 days after burn was found to be the most sensitive and specific test. Conclusions FLIR imaging is a fast and simple tool that has been shown to predict burn wound outcome in a porcine vertical injury progression model. Data showed that more severe burn wounds get cooler between 1 and 2 days after burn. We found four analytic methods of FLIR images that were predictive of burn progression at 1 and 2 days after burn; however, temperature minima 2 days after burn appeared to be the best predictive test for injury progression to a full-thickness burn. Although these results must be validated in clinical studies, FLIR imaging has the potential to aid clinicians in assessing burn severity and thereby assisting in burn wound management.
THE STRUCTURE OF LARVAL ODONATE ASSEMBLAGES IN THE ENOREE RIVER BASIN OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Abstract Odonate larvae were collected at 127 sites in the Enoree River and nine of its tributaries in the summers of 1999 and 2000. Mean odonate abundance, species richness, and Simpson's diversity were compared across tributaries and the main channel of the Enoree River with one-way ANOVA. These indices were significantly lower in Brushy Creek, Rocky Creek, and the Upper Enoree than in the other streams (Tukey multiple comparison test, p < 0.05). These three streams also differed from the others in species composition (MANOVA p < 0.0001), as measured by changes in the relative abundances of the five most abundant species: Progomphus obscurus, Boyeria vinosa, Macromia illinoiensis, Cordulegaster maculata, and Ophiogomphus mainensis. For example, O. mainensis was nearly absent from Brushy, Rocky, and the Upper Enoree, but was a significant component of the assemblages in other streams. Cordulegaster maculata was rare in Rocky Creek but dominated the Upper Enoree where other species were less abundant. Bru...
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infections in Children

The detection and diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric populations have some unique considerations in comparison to testing in adults. The testing methodologies, including toxigenic culture, cell cytotoxicity, antigen detection, and, more recently, molecular testing, are the same in all age groups. However, limited data exist on the specific performance characteristics in children. In this review, we focus on the challenges of testing in pediatric populations and assess the available data on test performance in these populations. Additionally, a review of the existing guidance for testing is provided.
Reactive Force Field Modeling of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Formation

A ReaxFF reactive force field is developed and used for molecular dynamics studies of reactions that occur when diethyl zinc is exposed to a graphene surface that has been functionalized with epoxide groups. From past experiments, it is known that these conditions lead to zinc oxide nanoparticle formation. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to provide atom-level detail into the nanoparticle formation process, including the mechanisms whereby oxygen is abstracted from the graphene surface, thus enabling condensation reactions in which multiple zinc-containing species form zinc oxide fragments and ultimately nanoparticles. Structural properties of the nanoparticles show nonstoichiometric zinc oxide structures with average coordination numbers of 3.6 around each zinc. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that the absorption spectra of these clusters are red-shifted by a few tenths of an electronvolt compared to that of a wurtzite crystal structure, representing transitions from oxy...
Policy Entrepreneurship with Asymmetric Competition

In political environments, the process of developing new policies often involves competing factions or entrepreneurs, who make productive investments to make their proposals more appealing to decisionmakers. The ideologies and abilities of these factions is often highly asymmetric, e.g., competition over industrial policy between interest groups and consumer advocacy organizations. In this paper we extend the competitive policy development model of Hirsch and Shotts (2015) to understand productive policy competition between asymmetric entrepreneurs, and analyze how entrepreneurs' extremism and costs of crafting high-quality proposals affect patterns of competition and policy outcomes. We show that with arbitrary asymmetries the model exhibits a unique equilibrium, and analytically characterize equilibrium strategies, outcomes, and payoffs. We also show that a more ideologically extreme or more skilled entrepreneur is more likely to develop a policy, develops more extreme policies, and is more likely to win. Nevertheless, she also provides greater benefits to the decisionmaker once her proposals' endogenously-chosen quality is accounted for. Finally, when the entrepreneurs are highly asymmetric, one entrepreneur almost always wins, but the decisionmaker nevertheless benefits from the potential for competition.
Recognizing and treating neutropenic infection.

When a child has severe neutropenia from drugs, he becomes prey to infections. Because of lack of neutrophils, these infections often occur without a purulent reaction. Yet they can quickly spread and progress to bacteremia. To prevent complications, the physician should assume all fevers in such a child are due to infection, and should hospitalize him and start antibiotics.
Designed dreaming: Assessing the relationship between style, social structure and environment in Aboriginal Australia

This research tested the 'information exchange' theory of style in which the degree of homogeneity exhibited by artefacts is related to the nature of social interaction among the producers of those artefacts. The theory is based on the assumption that style is both functional and adaptive. Stylistic homogeneity is interpreted as an adaptation to infertile environments, low population densities and widely ramified social networks. Stylistic heterogeneity is interpreted as an adaptation to fertile environments, high population densities and closed social networks. A number of recent studies of the art of various regions (eg Brandt and Carder 1987 for the Horn of Africa; Gamble 1982 for the European Upper Palaeolithic; Morwood 1984 for Central Queensland Highlands) have interpreted changes in the relative stylistic homogeneity of prehistoric art in terms of changes in the nature of social networks. There had been no explicit ethnographic testing of the theory.
Framework and Strategy Design of Demand Response Scheduling for Balancing Wind Power Fluctuation

Fast increase of intermittent energy such as wind energy is presenting great challenges to the traditional operation and control of power grids.To solve this problem,firstly,the fluctuation characteristic of wind power and the load characteristic of demand response(DR)are analyzed.Based on that,the overall technical framework of DR scheduling is proposed.Then,a multi-agent scheme is given.Furthermore,the multi-time scale rolling coordinated scheduling strategy which combines dayahead scheduling,hours-ahead scheduling and real-time dispatch is studied.The effectiveness of the scheme,model and strategy proposed are demonstrated by simulation results on the IEEE 39bus system.The experiments also show that the appropriate DR scheduling is feasible to balance the fluctuation of wind power and provides more peak-shaving and reserve service for grid-connection of new energy.
Analysis of the relevant knowledge,behavior and biological monitoring about aids in opiate addicts in Mianyang city

Objective:Learn the opiate addicts about the relevant knowledge,behavior and biological monitoring about the aids to conduct health education and behavior intervention.Methods: Use the snowball?method to select 319 opiate addicts in fucheng community and youxian community and select 82 opiate addicts in addicts to conduct questionnaire survey and haemospasia.Results: In the opiate addicts,the rate of acknowledging of aids is 92.61%,those using heroin make up 96.01%,those IDU intravenous drug use make up 69.33%,nobody sharing injector for the last month,62.82% opiate addicts used condoms in the last sex instinct activity,75% drug addicts used condoms in the last commercial sex instinct activity,97.26% drug addicts received preventive service for the last year,the positive rate of HIV antibody is 1%,the positive rate of HCV antibody is 66.83%,the positive rate of Syphilis antibody is 1.51%.Conclusion:In the opiate addicts,the rate of acknowledging of aids is high,and the positive rate of HIV antibody and the rate of sharing needles is lower than before,but condoms using rate is low,this suggests that the high risk activity about aids still exists,so we have to continue to implement various intervene initiatives.
The role of scientific knowledge in the public's perceptions of energy technology risks

Abstract It is important for policy makers to have an accurate understanding of public attitudes toward pressing issues to help inform their decision making. Researchers consistently find that the public’s receipt of and correct processing of scientific information and knowledge are essential for its problem solving. Different levels of understanding of specific energy technologies may produce different risk assessments across technologies within this issue domain. How this differential risk assessment occurs and the role that scientific information may play in it is not yet well known. This project seeks to determine the role that perceived and objective scientific knowledge may play in the public’s risk assessments of different energy technologies. Our findings suggest that scientific knowledge does temper public risk evaluations of different energy technologies, therefore linking more clearly the connection between science knowledge, scientific trust, and issue problem identification.
Morphodynamic modeling of fluvial channel fill and avulsion time scales during early Holocene transgression, as substantiated by the incised valley stratigraphy of the Trinity River, Texas

The Trinity River system provides a natural laboratory for linking fluvial morphodynamics to stratigraphy produced by sea-level rise, because the sediments occupying the Trinity incised valley are well constrained in terms of timing of deposition and facies distribution. Herein, the Trinity River is modeled for a range of base-level rise rates, avulsion thresholds, and water discharges to explore the effects of backwater-induced in-channel sedimentation on channel avulsion. The findings are compared to observed sediment facies to evaluate the capability of a morphodynamic model to reproduce sediment deposition patterns. Base-level rise produces mobile locations of in-channel sedimentation and deltaic channel avulsions. For scenarios characteristic of early Holocene sea-level rise (4.3 mm yr−1), the Trinity fluvial-deltaic system progrades 13 m yr−1, followed by backstepping of 27 m yr−1. Avulsion is reached at the position of maximum sediment deposition (located 108 km upstream of the outlet) after 3,548 model years, based on sedimentation filling 30% of the channel. Under scenarios of greater base-level rise, avulsion is impeded because the channel fill threshold is never achieved. Accounting for partitioning of bed-material sediment between the channel and floodplain influences the timing and location of avulsion over millennial time scales: the time to avulsion is greatly increased. Sedimentation patterns within the valley, modeled and measured, indicate preference toward sandy bed material, and the rates of deposition are substantiated by previous measurements. Although the results here are specific to the Trinity River, the analysis provides a framework that is adaptable to other lowland fluvial-deltaic systems.
The Roles of Pinyin Skill in English-Chinese Biliteracy Learning: Evidence from Chinese Immersion Learners.

Pinyin is a sound-annotating system for Chinese characters using Roman letters. Teaching and learning Pinyin has been an important educational practice in Mainland China for native Chinese children, and it is also typically taught to beginning learners of Chinese as a foreign/second language in tertiary-level classrooms. However, whether it should be taught to nonnative children who are studying Chinese as a second language has been controversial. This study examined the roles of Pinyin skill in Chinese-English biliteracy learning among a group of second-grade learners in a Chinese immersion program across one academic year and found that Pinyin facilitates subsequent Chinese word reading at no cost to students’ English literacy learning. Results are discussed in the context of learning Chinese as a nonnative language among young learners in school settings. Implications for teaching Chinese reading, curriculum, and material design, especially for Chinese immersion programs, are discussed.
Crystal growth and optical properties of a UV nonlinear optical material KSrCO3F

Large, centimeter size, single crystals of the UV nonlinear optical material KSrCO3F were successfully grown by a top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The morphology and quality of as-grown single crystals with different rotation speeds are discussed. UV-vis-NIR transmission spectra indicate an absorption edge of 195 nm. In addition, the refractive indices were measured at five different wavelengths from 450.2 to 1062.6 nm and revealed a birefringence of 0.1117 @ 532 nm and 0.1049 @ 1064 nm. The calculated phase-matching curves indicate that KSrCO3F can achieve both type I and type II phase-matching in a broad fundamental wavelength range from 400 to 1200 nm that covers technologically important 532 and 1064 nm radiation. To determine the individual non-linear optical coefficients, Maker-fringe measurements were performed. A value of d22 = 0.50 pm V−1 was measured. Finally, using a 6 ns Nd:YAG laser operating at 15 Hz, a laser damage threshold (LDT) of over 700 MW cm−2 was measured. Our results indicate that single crystal KSrCO3F is an excellent UV second-order nonlinear optical material.
Selected areas of immigrant integration in the Czech Republic

Abstract This article presents the results of the project: “Social determinants of health and their impact on the health of immigrants living in the Czech Republic”. During the project, quantitative data were collected in 2013 and 2014 from 994 immigrant respondents from Ukraine, Vietnam, Russia, Poland, and Slovakia living in the Czech Republic. Data interpretation relied on the theory of social determinants of health. The key areas of integration were analysed using SWOT analysis with recommendations drafted for overcoming the identified barriers to integration, not only with respect to the selected nationalities, but also with regard to common characteristics. Our research suggests that integration of the selected groups of immigrants was affected by three basic aspects, specifically: active participation in the labour market, degree of fluency in Czech language (both spoken and written), and social support as prevention of social exclusion. These aspects coincide with the current priorities of integration in the Czech Republic. The research results and the SWOT analysis served as the basis for formulating recommendations aimed at improving the immigrant integration process within the Czech Republic, i.e. increase fluency in Czech language for immigrants, matching of previously acquired qualifications with jobs in the Czech labour market, improvement of working conditions for foreign nationals, better preparedness of employment offices to deal with foreign nationals; personal assistance in cooperation with employers, effective participation of successful foreigners within the integration process, training for government agency employees in dealing with foreign nationals, and increased understanding of integration and intercultural empathy issues.
The Impact of Library Tutorials on the Information Literacy Skills of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Students in an Evidence-Based Practice Course: A Rubric Assessment.

ABSTRACTThis study measures how online library instructional tutorials implemented into an evidence-based practice course have impacted the information literacy skills of occupational and physical ...
Is acute kidney injury a harbinger for chronic kidney disease

Purpose of review Despite abundant evidence in adults, the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unanswered in pediatrics. Obstacles to overcome include the challenges defining these entities and the lack of long-term follow-up studies. This review focuses on pediatric populations at high-risk for AKI, the evidence of the long-term effect of AKI on renal health, and biomarkers to detect renal disease. Recent findings AKI in critically ill children and neonates is common and independently associated with adverse outcomes. Patients with diabetes and sickle cell disease along with neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified as high-risk for AKI. Preterm birth and neonates with AKI have signs of renal dysfunction early in childhood. Urinary biomarkers may identify AKI and CKD earlier than traditional biomarkers, but more work is necessary to determine their clinical utility. Promising technological advances including the ability to determine nephron number noninvasively will expand our ability to characterize the AKI to CKD transition. Summary AKI is common and associated with poor outcomes. It is probable that AKI is a harbinger to CKD in pediatric populations. However, we currently lack the tools to definitely answer this question and more research is needed.
APS Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research: Invited article on entanglement properties of quantum field theory*

The 2016 APS Medal for Excellence in Physics was given to Edward Witten. This contribution was invited in conjunction with this award. These original notes contain concise explanations of some key results in the axiomatic and algebraic approaches to quantum field theory, which are relevant to quantum entanglement. They serve to put the connection between quantum field theory and quantum information theory on a precise and rigorous footing.
Formation of Plasma Around a Small Meteoroid: Simulation and Theory

This work was supported by NSF grants AGS-1244842 and AGS-1056042. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant ACI-1548562. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper; URL: http://www.tacc.utexas.edu. Simulation-produced data are archived at TACC and available upon request. (AGS-1244842 - NSF; AGS-1056042 - NSF; ACI-1548562 - National Science Foundation)
Systems of Identical Particles

In classical physics, amazing consequences do not flow from the assumption that the constituents of a system are indistinguishable. If the constituents in question are particles with identical masses and charges, then the Hamiltonian is invariant under the interchange of the coordinates and momenta belonging to any pair of particles, which will lead to some algebraic simplifications in the solutions of the equations of motion. Call the set of all these solutions S. If we imagine changing some of the charges and/or masses continuously, the solutions of the equations of motion will also change continuously and form a set S’, each member of which corresponds to a member of S a rather mundane story.
"Wedges": Early mitigation with familiar technology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the Stabilization Triangle with respect to global carbon management. The Stabilization Triangle pays attention to the choice between two paths for the next fifty years: a path consistent with stabilization at less than double the pre-industrial CO2 concentration (500 ppm), and a path that is likely to lead to tripling of that concentration (850 ppm). If the world is willing to accept a tripling of the pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 concentration, significant carbon mitigation can be delayed for most part of the next fifty years. If the world is to be put on a path to avoid a doubling, however, a monumental mitigation effort needs to be initiated now. To convey the magnitude of the effort, the chapter introduces the “wedge” as the unit of mitigation. A wedge is an activity that would create 1 GtC/y of carbon emission reductions in 2054, relative to a world unconcerned about global carbon emissions. To pursue 500 ppm stabilization, the task for the next fifty years is to achieve about seven wedges by avoiding about 175 billion tons of carbon emissions.
Mechanics of micromorphic materials

In several previous papers [1, 2, 3], we presented some properly invariant nonlinear continuum theories of micro-elastic solids and micro-fluids in which the first stress moments, micro-stress averages and inertial spin play important roles. In the present paper we extend some of these ideas in the formulation of continuum mechanics of micromorphic materials in which the local micro-structure and intrinsic motions of the material are important. While it employs some simple statistical averages, the theory presented is not based on molecular theories and statistical mechanics but on a continuum theory. The foundation of the theory is consistent with the known principles of mechanics and a properly invariant theory of constitutive equations. It is believed that the theory has great promise in explaining many new phenomena hitherto unknown or treated partly through statistical mechanical approach in desperation. To name a few, the theory is capable of explaining the phenomenon of surface tension, couple stress, inertial spin, distributed vortices and micro-anisotropy in oriented materials, and it provides a firm foundation for the theory of polar materials. All of the classical theories of solids and fluids are included in the theory of micromorphic materials. Nevertheless, the ultimate success of the theory will have to be judged on the future outcome of rational experiments.
The Use of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Identify and Isolate Breast Tumor Associated Antigens

One of the greatest challenges in breast cancer research today involves the identification and isolation of breast cancer antigens. The study of antigens associated with these malignancies has been ongoing for years.
Career Guidance: Program Evaluation and Validity

Career Guidance assessments have been validated and evaluated within a narrow framework. To view the test taker as a user of his or her own information and as the decision maker requires a change i...
Characteristics and Outcomes of Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Eight-Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Center.

Purpose To describe the characteristics and outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Patients with endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis between September 1, 2006, and November 1, 2014. Main Outcome Measures Clinical findings, treatments, microbial results, visual outcomes, and secondary ocular sequelae. Results Sixty-three patients (68 eyes) were diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis. Ocular symptoms were the first manifestation of disease in 76% of patients. Fungal and bacterial endophthalmitis were seen in 37% (n = 25) and 43% (n = 29) of eyes, respectively. In 47% of eyes (n = 32), the disease was associated with intravenous drug use. Eighteen percent of eyes (n = 12) underwent an initial pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal antibiotics, none of which required a secondary intervention for acute infection. Four percent of eyes (n = 3) received only systemic treatment. Seventy-eight percent of eyes (n = 53) underwent initial bedside aspirate with intravitreal injection of antibiotics (tap-and-injection), of which 55% (n = 29) required a secondary PPV. Of eyes that underwent secondary PPV after initially negative culture results from the tap-and-injection, 52% demonstrated positive culture results at the time of secondary PPV (n = 11/21) despite all but 1 having received appropriate antimicrobial coverage initially. Fifty-four percent of eyes (n = 37) experienced secondary ocular sequelae. Eyes that received initial tap-and-injection had statistically nonsignificant better average initial vision, but worse average vision at each follow-up interval, compared to PPV while being less likely to gain 2 lines or more of vision at every follow-up interval except 6 months, with the difference reaching statistical significance at 1 week (odds ratio = 0.014; P = 0.037). Eyes that underwent initial tap-and-injection were statistically significantly more likely to require a secondary PPV (55% vs. 0%; P = 0.0006) and had fewer positive microbial results (19% vs. 67%) than those that underwent initial PPV (P = 0.002). Conclusions Most eyes that received initial tap-and-injection eventually underwent a secondary PPV. Initial PPV may have an important role in management because it was associated with better diagnostic yield and a trend toward better visual outcomes.
Body mass index from Early‐, Mid‐, and Older‐adulthood and risk of heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: MESA

Background Obesity contributes significantly to risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and especially for heart failure (HF). An elevated body mass index (BMI) in older adults might...
EARTH: The Dynamics of Non-Industrial Agriculture: 8,000 Years of Resilience and Innovation: 3 volume set, edited by Patricia C. Anderson, Leonor Pena-Chocarro, and Andreas G. Heiss, Oxford, Oxbow Books, 2015, pp. 1016, US $165 (hardcover), ISBN 9781782977537

EARTH: The Dynamics of Non-Industrial Agriculture: 8,000 Years of Resilience and Innovation, edited by Patricia C. Anderson, Leonor Pena-Chocarro, and Andreas G. Heiss is a carefully researched and...
National Stereotypes as Antecedents of Country-of-Origin Image: The Role of the Stereotype Content Model

The authors propose a model explaining the antecedents of country of origin evaluations using the stereotype content model. Specifically, we propose a direct relationship between competence stereot...
Oligotrophic Media Compared with a Tryptic Soy Agar or Broth for the Recovery of Burkholderia cepacia Complex from Different Storage Temperatures and Culture Conditions

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is capable of remaining viable in low-nutrient environments and harsh conditions, posing a contamination risk in non-sterile pharmaceutical products as well as a challenge for detection. To develop optimal recovery methods to detect BCC, three oligotrophic media were evaluated and compared with nutrient media for the recovery of BCC from autoclaved distilled water or antiseptic solutions. Serial dilutions (10-1 to 10-12 CFU/ml) of 20 BCC strains were inoculated into autoclaved distilled water and stored at 6°C, 23°C and 42°C for 42 days. Six suspensions of Burkholderia cenocepacia were used to inoculate aqueous solutions containing 5 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 10 µg/ml benzalkonium chloride (BZK), and stored at 23°C for a further 199 days. Nutrient media such as Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) or Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), oligotrophic media (1/10 strength TSA or TSB, Reasoner's 2nd Agar [R2A] or Reasoner's 2nd Broth [R2AB], and 1/3 strength R2A or R2AB) were compared by inoculating these media with BCC from autoclaved distilled water and from antiseptic samples. The recovery of BCC in water or antiseptics was higher in culture broth than on solid media. Oligotrophic medium showed a higher recovery efficiency than TSA or TSB for the detection of 20 BCC samples. Results from multiple comparisons allowed us to directly identify significant differences between TSA or TSB and oligotrophic media. An oligotrophic medium pre-enrichment resuscitation step is offered for the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) proposed compendial test method for BCC detection.
OH radical measurements in combustion environments using wavelength modulation spectroscopy and dual-frequency comb spectroscopy near 1491 nm

Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key intermediate reactive species during combustion processes relevant to power production, transportation, and manufacturing. We demonstrate an OH sensor based on in situ laser absorption spectroscopy for deployment in industrial conditions. The sensor relies on telecommunications-fiber-coupled, tunable-diode-laser absorption spectroscopy of an OH transition near 1491 nm. By employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy, the sensor is capable of in situ, quantitative detection of OH down to mole fraction values of 10−5 over a 75-cm pathlength. To increase the accuracy of the OH sensor, we perform the first dual-comb spectroscopy measurement above a flame and use the results to create an absorption database of water vapor transitions from 1489.2 to 1492.5 nm at temperatures up to 2165 K. The database is included in the analysis procedure for the tunable diode laser sensor to account for the water vapor absorption that overlaps with the OH absorption. The utility of the laser sensor is demonstrated by characterizing the concentration of OH radical above a catalytic combustor under different operating conditions.
An Econometric Study of The Determinants of Agricultural Investment in Egypt

Agricultural investment is the basis for the success of agricultural development, as it is the main pillar to increase production as well as increase income and create more jobs, Investment is a flowing variable that has an active role in finding solutions to the problems of the Egyptian economy as well as absorbing some of the non-working manpower to contribute to reducing the problem of unemployment. Its importance comes at the forefront of national goals to face the growing economic problems.It also notes the decline of agricultural investments, so the research aims to identify the determinants of agricultural investment using the method of joint integration, The research relied on many research methods, including the descriptive and quantitative methods of the variables under study. The research relied on the published and unpublished secondary data. The results indicate that agricultural investment represents about 24.7 billion pounds, which represents 6% of the total investment. Agricultural GDP, the value of savings, the value of agricultural loans, the research recommends The need to increase the volume of investments directed to the agricultural sector, where the annual growth rate of about 4.6%, which is lower than the rate of growth of national investment, which reached about 13.1%, And the need to increase agricultural loans where it was found that increasing the value of agricultural loans by 10% leads to increase the volume of agricultural investment by about 13.1%.
Projector-based augmented reality with simultaneous 3D inspection using a single DMD

This paper presents an industrial augmented reality system that simultaneously measures a component, identifies possible defects and displays the inspection result directly on the component. The processing is done in real time using a single DMD-based projector for both the inspection and augmented reality. The use of a single DMD eliminates the issue of registration between the component being inspected and an auxiliary augmented reality projector. The use of a single projection system also eliminates possible occlusion due to parallax between both projection systems. The system uses an algorithm that computes at video frame rate the temporal sequences of micromirror positions that, when imaged by a high-speed camera, contains a set of structured-light patterns. The temporal sequences are designed such that a human observer sees the desired augmented information. The proposed prototype can acquire 12 range images per second. The range uncertainty at 1-σ is 14 μm and each range image contains approximately one million 3D points.
Direct observations and characterization of crack closure during microstructurally small fatigue crack growth via in-situ high-energy X-ray characterization

Abstract This study provides direct observation of the crack closure mechanism of a naturally occurring, tortuous, 3D microstructurally small fatigue crack (SFC) in additively manufactured Inconel 718. In-situ non-destructive characterization is performed using high-energy X-ray diffraction techniques to capture the evolution of the 3D microstructure and micromechanical response in the vicinity of the crack front. Based on the stress state of twelve grains analyzed at the crack tip, the crack closure events of the SFC front was found to be spatially heterogeneous with respect to loading progression governed by the local stress state of the grains (specifically the stress reversal from compression to tension). From this analysis, three grains that displayed different degrees of crack closure were further investigated, based on the orientation of the crack relative to the grains and the associated modality of crack growth. The stress normal to the crack plane and the associated degree of Mode I crack behavior were correlated with events of the crack opening earlier during the loading cycle. This was further corroborated by diffraction spot spreading analysis that quantified the crystallographic lattice distortion caused by the opening crack. The detailed characterization of the opening behavior of the grains located at the crack tip and their associated states of stress elucidates the mechanism governing crack closure and will inform future modeling efforts of this phenomenon.
Mixed Sputum Granulocyte Longitudinal Impact on Lung Function in the Severe Asthma Research Program

Rationale: Some reports indicate longitudinal variability in sputum differential cell counts, whereas others describe stability. Highly variable sputum eosinophil percentages are associated with gr...
Equivalent Hazard Magnitude Scale

Abstract. Hazard magnitude scales are widely adopted to facilitate communication regarding hazard events and the corresponding decision making for emergency management. A hazard magnitude scale measures the strength of a hazard event considering the natural forcing phenomena and the severity of the event with respect to average entities at risk. However, existing hazard magnitude scales cannot be easily adapted for comparative analysis across different hazard types. Here, we propose an equivalent hazard magnitude scale, called the Gardoni Scale after Professor Paolo Gardoni, to measure hazard strength across multiple types of hazards. Using global historical records of hazard magnitude indicators and impacts of events of 12 hazard types from 1900 to 2020, we demonstrate that an equivalent hazard magnitude on the Gardoni Scale can be derived as correlated with the expectation of an impact metric of hazard event. In this study, we model the impact metric as a function of fatalities, total affected population, and total economic damage. Our results show that hazard magnitudes of events can be evaluated and compared across hazard types. For example, we find that tsunami and drought events tend to have large hazard magnitudes, while tornadoes are relatively small in terms of hazard magnitude. In addition, we demonstrate that the scale can be used to evaluate hazard equivalency of historical events. For example, we show that the hazard magnitude of the February 2021 North American cold wave event affecting the southern states of the United States of America was equivalent to the hazard magnitude of Hurricane Harvey in 2017 or a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Future work will expand the current study in hazard equivalency to modelling of local intensities of hazard events and hazard conditions within a multi-hazard context.
Political polarization projection: social projection of partisan attitude extremity and attitudinal processes.

What influences perceptions of political polarization? The authors examine the polarization of people’s own political attitudes as a source of perceived polarization: Individuals with more extreme partisan attitudes perceive greater polarization than individuals with less extreme partisan attitudes. This “polarization projection” was demonstrated in 3 studies in which people estimated the distribution of others’ political attitudes: one study with a nationally representative sample concerning the 2008 presidential election, and 2 studies concerning university students evaluating a policy regarding scarce resource allocation.These studies demonstrate that polarization projection occurs simultaneously with and independently of simple projection, the tendency to assume that others share one’s partisan political attitudes. Polarization projection may occur partly because people assume that others engage in similar attitudinal processes as the self, such as extensive thought and emotional arousal. The projection of various attitudinal processes was demonstrated in a study concerning health care reform policies. Further supporting this explanation, polarization projection increased when people introspected about their own attitudinal processes, which increased the accessibility of those processes. Implications for perceptions of partisanship, social judgment, and civic behavior are discussed.
Endonasal Free Flap Reconstruction Combined With Draf Frontal Sinusotomy for Complex Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Technical Report & Case Series.

BACKGROUND Frontal sinus cranialization with closure via bifrontal pericranial flaps is the gold standard for separating the nasofrontal recess from the intracranial cavity for posterior table defects. Despite the high success rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak may persist and is particularly challenging when vascularized reconstructive options from the bicoronal incision are exhausted. OBJECTIVE To assess a novel endonasal technique using an adipofascial radial forearm free flap delivered to the frontal recess through a Draf sinusotomy to repair complex CSF leaks from the frontal sinus. METHODS A retrospective review of 3 patients (all male; ages 42, 43, and 69 yr) with persistent CSF leak despite frontal sinus cranialization and repair with bifrontal pericranium was performed. Etiology of injury was traumatic in 2 patients and iatrogenic in 1 patient after anaplastic meningioma treatment. To create space for the flap and repair the nasofrontal ducts, endoscopic Draf III (Case 1, 3) or Draf IIb left frontal sinusotomy (Case 2) was performed. The forearm flap was harvested, passed through a Caldwell-Luc exposure, and placed within the Draf frontal sinustomy. The flap vessels were tunneled to the left neck and anastomosed to the facial vessels by the mandibular notch. RESULTS Intraoperatively, the flaps were well-seated and provided a watertight seal. Postoperative hospital courses were uncomplicated. There were no new CSF leaks or flap necrosis at 12, 14, and 16 mo. CONCLUSION Endoscopic endonasal free flap reconstruction through a Draf procedure is a novel viable option for persistent CSF leak after failed frontal sinus cranialization.