cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal-Conversion-Electron Study of the Decay of Ba 133 to Cs 133

The 40- to 500-keV region of the internal-conversion-electron spectrum from the decay of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{133}$ has been investigated with an iron-core, $\ensuremath{\pi}\sqrt{2}$ double-focusing spectrometer. Transitions of 383.79(7), 355.92(6), 302.78(5), 276.35(5), 223.15(5), 160.58(4), 80.990(22), 79.622(18), and 53.152(20) keV have been observed, and their multipolarities have been determined from measurements of the conversion-electron intensity ratios--- $\frac{{L}_{1}}{\frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{3}}}$ and/or $\frac{K}{L}$. No new lines with intensity greater than 2.3% of the $356K$ line were found. The $437K$ line was found to have an intensity less than 0.01% of the $356K$ line. The multipolarities obtained for the nine observed transitions were compared with previous measurements of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{K}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlations. This comparison resulted in unique spin-parity assignments of ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$ for the ground state and the 80.997(6)-, 160.58(4)-, 383.79(7)-, and 436.93(6)-keV levels, respectively, in ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$. The measurements of $\frac{K}{{L}_{3}}$ and $\frac{{L}_{1}}{{L}_{3}}$ for the 161-keV transition are consistent with previous 276-161 $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional-correlation measurements only if penetration effects are included with a $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ value of 45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 or 180\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20, where $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is defined as the ratio of the penetration matrix element to the normal $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray matrix element.
Energy metabolism and mechanical recovery after cardioplegia in moderately hypertrophied rats.

It is well established that severe hypertrophy induces metabolic and structural changes in the heart which result in enhanced susceptibility to ischemic damage during cardioplegic arrest while much less is known about the effect of cardioplegic arrest on moderately hypertrophied hearts. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in myocardial high energy phosphate metabolism and in functional recovery after cardioplegic arrest and ischemia in mildly hypertrophied hearts, before any metabolic alterations could be shown under baseline conditions.
Synthesis and anti-microbial studies of a series of 3-formylchromone thiosemicarbazone ligands and their Cu(II) complexes including the potent Akt inhibitor [Cu(FC-TSC)Cl2] (1010.15)

A series of six thiosemicarbazone compounds synthesized from a 3-formylchromone backbone and the synthesis of their copper (II) complexes is reported here. Each of the synthesized thiosemicarbazone...
Cell type-specific expression of JC virus early promoter is determined by positive and negative regulation.

Abstract We analyzed control sequences of the human papovavirus JC virus (JCV) to define the cis-acting elements that regulate specific expression of the viral early region genes in glial cells. Nuclear run-on transcription, S1 analysis, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme activity in a transient transfection assay established that the cell type-specific expression of JCV early genes is determined at the transcriptional level. Using DNase footprinting analysis of nuclear proteins prepared from glial and nonglial cells, we located four regions within the JCV control sequences that specifically interacted with the proteins. In glial cells, all four domains contributed to the specific expression of a heterologous promoter, whereas in nonglial cells, two protein-binding regions showed no effect on basal transcriptional activity and the other two domains significantly downregulated transcription of the promoter. We conclude that cell type-specific transcription of the JCV early promoter is under both positive and negative regulation in eucaryotic cells.
Neurophysiology during epilepsy surgery

Publisher Summary This chapter explains that for many patients with medication-refractory epilepsy, resective epilepsy surgery provides the greatest chance of becoming seizure-free. Such surgery is possible only when the epileptogenic region, the cerebral region necessary and sufficient to generate the habitual epileptic seizures, has been localized. It reviews that electroencephalography (EEG) has been a standard functional test within the testing battery for most of the history of epilepsy surgery. The chapter discusses that the current evaluation for epilepsy surgery still includes both scalp and invasive EEG monitoring within the armamentarium of important tests. In its current sense, invasive EEG monitoring is the extraoperative recordings of EEG through intraoperatively placed electrodes. These electrodes may be depth electrodes that penetrate the cerebral parenchyma or subdural electrodes that are organized in strips or in grids. The grid and strip recordings essentially are extraoperative versions of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). The chapter concludes that as epilepsy surgery continues to be studied in increasingly sophisticated clinical investigations, ECoG also should be more systematically investigated to determine its true benefits and best applications.
Using neural imaging to inform the instruction of mathematics

I will describe research using fMRI to track the learning of mathematics with a computer-based algebra tutor. I will describe the methodological challenges in studying such a complex task and how we use cognitive models in the ACT-R architecture to interpret imaging data. I wll also describe how we can use the imaging data to identify mental states as the student is engaged in algebraic problems solving.
External Forces and Rotating Coordinate Systems

We derive equilibrium criteria in the presence of conservative external forces. For a chemically closed isothermal system with constant volume, equilibrium requires virtual variations of the Helmholtz free energy plus the external potential to be positive. For a uniform gravitational field, use of the calculus of variations shows that the gravitational chemical potential, which is the chemical potential per unit mass plus the product of the gravitational acceleration and height, is constant for each component. Pressure increases with height and the composition changes with height, so such systems are not homogeneous. For a mixture of ideal gases and binary liquids, the segregation of chemical components with height is small for samples of laboratory size. For the non-uniform gravitational field in the atmosphere of the Earth, there can be larger segregation. Rotating systems are treated by equivalence to gravitational forces; a fast centrifuge causes significant segregation. For applied electric fields, the electrochemical potential of ions is constant.
What's at stake? A veto-player theory of voter turnout

Turnout is theorized to reflect elections' policy stakes. All else equal, a highly constrained policymaking context is expected to lower the potential policy stakes of a given election. This study tests if such contexts, which are characterized by multiple veto players, reduce electoral participation. According to time-series cross-sectional autoregressive dynamic lag models of turnout in 311 elections in 21 advanced industrialized democracies, additional veto players decrease turnout in both the short and long run. Moreover, the results suggest veto players conceptually fine-tune and empirically contribute to existing models of cross-national turnout. Hence this study has crucial implications for the students of electoral participation and scholars interested in the democratic outcomes of institutional design.
Mutation analysis models for visual servoing in nanomanipulations

This paper has two purposes: investigating a featureless visual servoing approach based on mutation analysis and proposing a visual servo control method for nanomanipulations. For the first purpose, the featureless visual servoing method is needed because traditional visual servoing relies heavily on robust feature extraction and tracking, which are very difficult in natural environment. The mutation analysis based approach in this paper considers the image as a set, and designs a controller to make the distance between the initial and goal image sets converge to zero, thereby steering the initial image to the goal image. For the second purpose, atomic force microscopic (AFM) based nanomanipulations with subnanometer accuracy are very difficult because the position sensor cannot provide valuable feedback due to large noises at this precision level. We propose to use the images obtained by AFM and perform a visual servo control. This method, independent of external sensors, can directly perform control on the AFM end tip's position. The featureless controller is successfully validated on AFM images and the results suggest a potential precision enhancement for nanomanipulations.
Durability studies of head–disk interface using padded and load/unload picosliders for magnetic rigid disk drives

A study for comparison of the durability of padded (sliders with pads), unpadded (sliders without pads) and load/unload (L/UL) picosliders was conducted under different environmental conditions and in clean room and contaminated environments. Padded picosliders exhibited lower stiction and higher durability at moderate to high humidity levels as compared to unpadded picosliders. Overall L/UL picosliders showed higher durability. Accelerated flying conditions caused an increase in stiction. This increase was because of pad wear in case of padded picosliders while for unpadded and L/UL picosliders it was due to the transfer of lubricant and/or water molecules on the slider. In presence of particulate contamination, L/UL sliders performed better than padded picosliders. Contaminant particles caused either a partial or complete removal of the pads and this pad wear eventually lead to an increase in start-stop stiction and accelerated HDI wear.
Doing time, filling time: Bureaucratic ritualism as a systemic barrier to youth reentry

Abstract This paper contributes to knowledge about the challenges of youth reentry by examining how transitional services can function as a barrier to – instead of a support for – healthy reintegration of youth. Using participant observation conducted in 2003–2004 at a juvenile aftercare program in Philadelphia, we explore a pervasive problem that Merton (1940) termed “bureaucratic ritualism.” Case workers and administrators became beholden to daily demands related to billing, paperwork, and meeting minimum standards, supplanting the larger goal of individualized care for young people returning from placements. Outputs, not outcomes, became the measure of success. We identify a number of reintegration activities that were ritualistic in nature and explore the features of the system that encouraged ritualistic responses by aftercare workers. Finally, we identify a group of aftercare workers, which we call “proactive caregivers” who resisted the organizational pressures to become bureaucratic ritualists.
Computation of Crosstalk in a Multiconductor Transmission Line

Closed-form solutions for the terminal currents of a multiconductor transmission line are obtained. The results allow a numerically efficient computation of the crosstalk associated with an (n + 1)-conductor line when a large number of frequencies are of interest and bypass the usual requirement for the repeated solution of n simultaneous equations at each frequency. The results show the effect of parasitic circuits in the line on the coupling between any two circuits. It is also shown that the usual low-frequency notion of superimposing inductive and capacitive coupling which has been used for lines with only two circuits is valid, for an electrically short line and a sufficiently low frequency, for a multiconductor line containing any number of coupled circuits. Some additional qualitative details concerning the crosstalk are evident in this formulation.
Quantification of endogenous α- and γ-endorphins in rat brain by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Quantification of alpha- and gamma-endorphins in rat brain using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry is described. [D-Ala(2)]-gamma-endorphin is used as an internal standard. The precursor-to-product ion MRM transitions for alpha-endorphin, gamma-endorphin, and [D-Ala(2)]-gamma-endorphin were m/z 873.6-->429.6; 929.6-->542.3; 936.6-->542.3, respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, sensitivity, recovery, precision, and accuracy. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 0.1-200 ng/mL with the limit-of-detection of 0.03 ng/mL and limit-of-quantification of 0.1 ng/mL. The endogenous concentrations of alpha- and gamma-endorphins in rat brains were 13.8+/-0.57 (mean+/-SD; n=5) and 2.5+/-0.43 ng/g of wet tissue weight, respectively.
Unity and discord in social development1

This article is a keynote speech delivered at the 15th International Conference on Social Development at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2007.2 The author points out that one of the misgivings in development today is that many countries consider a higher GDP as the only worthwhile achievement one should go after. However, this economic indicator alone does not and cannot reflect accurately the real improvement of the standard of living of people. In this paper, the author suggests a better measurement for social development and improvement of livelihood should include public health, education, mortality and basic social security. There is no doubt economic development and wealth accumulation can bring certain improvements in daily lives, they should not be elevated to become the ultimate objective for human kind; rather, they are only means to improving life situations. What is more significant should be the pursuit of freedom for humanity. We have witnessed a continuous rise in the indicators mea...
The MAL63 gene of Saccharomyces encodes a cysteine-zinc finger protein.

Inducible maltose fermentation by tSaccharomyces carlesbergensis requires the product of the MAL63 gene of the MAL6 locus. It has been suggested that this gene product is an activator protein controlling the expression of the structural genes encoding the maltose fermentative enzymes perhaps by binding to DNA sequences upstream of these genes. We report the sequence of the MAL63 gene. A single open reading frame is seen capable of encoding a protein of 470 amino acid residues. The deduced sequence of this protein indicates that it is a cysteine-zinc forger protein supporting the hypothesis that the MAL63 gene product is a DNA binding protein.
Author-field interaction following publication in "higher education" journals

This paper examines the interactions that authors of articles appearing in the core higher education journals have with members of the field subsequent to the publication of their work. Interactions were examined by the epistemological structure of the articles and data suggest that papers with different structures exact different types of reader-initiated reactions, though there are similarities regardless of type. It appears that published scholarship leads to further activities in research, scholarly, and professional sectors as a consequence of readers' initiatives and the resulting responses by authors. It is argued that examinations of knowledge use should go beyond traditional conceptions and examine the development of new communities of interest as professional actors attempt to fulfill varied agendas on the basis of published scholarship.
On wave propagation in inextensible elastic bodies

Abstract In this paper we study the propagation of acceleration waves in inextensible elastic bodies. ∗ While the computations are but an exercise, the results are interesting and quite unlike the corresponding results for unconstrained bodies. Indeed, a wave travelling in the direction of inextensibility must necessarily be transverse, and, when the reaction stress is compressive and sufficiently large, the corresponding speed of propagation becomes non-real, so that even transverse waves fail to exist. We also study (infinitesimal) progressive waves and we find the corresponding propagation condition to be the same as that for acceleration waves. Here, however, non-real speeds of propagation have a definite physical meaning: they imply exponential growth of the wave. Thus, in particular, when the reaction stress is compressive and sufficiently large, a transverse progressive wave travelling in the direction of inextensibility grows without bound. We conjecture that this indicates the presence of local buckling. †
Numerical simulations on the magnetopause current layer

One-dimensional particle simulations are carried out in order to study the current layer between a plasma and magnetic field such as seen at the magnetopause boundary layer. When a subsonic solar wind plasma flow impinges upon a vacuum dipole magnetic field, the width of the current layer is found much smaller than the ion gyroradius and is close to theoretically predicted geometric mean of the ion and electron gyroradii. The width remains essentially the same when the magnetic field is filled with a thermal plasma whose density is smaller than the incoming solar wind density. The width, therefore, remains much smaller than the ion gyroradius. It is found that a similar sharp current layer develops in a plasma confined in a magnetic field such as seen in laboratory and space plasmas. 15 refs., 11 figs.
Balloon inflation following injection of contrast material through the distal lumen of the USCI balloon catheter.

We report on four patients in whom we observed inflation of the balloon following injection cf contrast material into the distal lumen during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. This is a rare technical problem. However, inadvertent balloon inflation may cause transient occlusion of the proximal coronary artery and in one case was associated with acute occlusion of a vessel that had been dilated. Management involves prompt deflation of the balloon.
Site-specificity and site tenacity in a wolf spider: A serological dietary analysis.

The wolf spider Pardosa ramulosa is a dietary specialist on aquatic insects. Site tenacity of this species was determined by serological analysis of spiders collected on the margins of and at known distances from each of eight closely-spaced pools whose prey compositions were known. Remains of a mosquito species found uniquely in three of these pools were found only in spiders closely associated with them, despite the presence of otherwise suitable pools less than 10 m away. This indicates that spiders stay at specific pools for at least two weeks, the detectability period of this marker species in the assay.
Community-Based Correctional Pilot Homes: Proposed Functional Model For Reducing Recidivism

This article elaborates upon basic essentials required for developing community-based correctional Pilot Homes. These homes, by definition should be designed to accommodate a maximum of 48 first offender felons. This inmate population would be divided into four semi-independent groups, making possible comparative analysis of data derived from the experimental v. control groups. The response variable of major concern is rate of recidivism following the clients' discharge. The dependent variables selected would be chosen objectively, in concerted efforts to identify and alleviate "bugs" from current criminology research data. All pilot home clients would be engaged in educational class work, job training, or full-time jobs. All clients would also attend 90 minute Reality Therapy sessions, Monday through Thursday evenings from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm.
Changes of the rice distribution and the functions of the food control system in Japan

Abstract Japan's Food Control System was established in 1942 during World War II in order to cope with the shortage of food. The system has been maintained in order to secure a stable supply of rice, a staple food and key crop in the country. The functions and roles of this system change gradually according to fluctuations in the rice market. Since the establishment of the ‘voluntary rice-marketing system’ in 1969, Japan's marketed rice has been classified into the following three types: (1) Government-marketed rice (GM rice): the government purchases from rice growers and sells to wholesalers. (2) Voluntarily marketed rice (VM rice): rice assemblers' organizations sell directly to wholesalers. (3) Freely marketed rice (FM rice) which is an illegal practice. Recent trends have witnessed decreased sales of GM rice and increases in the sales of VM and FM rice, thus resulting in the weakening of government control of the rice supply. The goods markets for VM rice instituted in 1990 introduced to a greater degree the market mechanism of price controls for rice. At the same time, the government's control of rice distribution was relaxed to allow new access to rice dealers and to promote free trade between sellers and buyers. Although the Food Control System in Japan has changed significantly, it will be retained since it protects the rice supply and paddy field agricultural system.
Coupled plasmon and phonon excitations in the space-charge layer on GaAs(110) surfaces

High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) is used to study the surface plasmon and phonon in the space-charge layer on doped GaAs(110) cleaved surfaces. Three losses are observed, with energies of about 27, 36, and 42 meV. The peak at 36 meV is attributed to an unscreened phonon in the depletion layer. The other two losses are due to the coupled modes of the plasmon and phonon propagating near the interface of the depletion layer and the bulk. The surface Fermi-level pinning is induced either by residual-gas interaction with the surface or by deliberate hydrogen adsorption; this in turn modifies the depletion-layer thickness. This modification results in a quite pronounced change of the relative intensities and noticeable energy shifts of these losses. A model energy-loss spectrum calculated in the framework of local-response theory is used to deduce the properties of the space-charge layer. Our model is the first to use a self-consistent free-carrier profile together with the Lindhard description of the local dielectric response.
Kaliuretic Properties of Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide by In Vivo Liquid Scintillation Counting

A simple and concise analytical technique was developed for the determination of the kaliuretic properties of diuretic agents. The kaliuretic properties of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide were compared in electrolyte and nonelectrolyte supplemented rats. 42 Potassium was employed as a tracer, and whole body liquid scintillation counting was utilized. The per cent of 42 K retention was determined for drug and control groups at various time intervals and comparisons were made for differences in potassium depletion due to drug action. Whole-body liquid scintillation counting was found to be applicable for the study of the kaliuretic properties of diuretic agents.
Myelin proteins from different regions of the central nervous system.

—The protein composition of myelin prepared from specific anatomical regions of the bovine brain and spinal cord was studied by a modification of the method of Gonzalez-Sastre (1970). Spinal cord myelin contained lesser amounts of chloroform-methanol soluble protein and proteolipid protein and had a lower activity of the enzyme 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase than did myelin from subcortical white matter. There was no difference, however, in the protein composition of myelin from the various levels of the spinal cord. The amino acid composition of both proteolipid and basic protein showed no significant regional differences. Myelin preparations from both brain and spinal cord contained DM-20 protein.
THE INFLUENCE OF OIL AND DETERGENTS ON RECOLONIZATION IN THE UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE

ABSTRACT Re colonization of asbestos fouling plates treated variously with oil and detergents is dependent on the season of the year. The presence of oil favors C. fissus settlement but retards algal settlement.
The Use of Corporate Planning Models: past, present and future

Corporate planning models are of recent origin in comparison with the more standard tools of business managers and analysts. Since the 1960s, planning models have advanced from an obscure concept for large corporations to a credible tool for planning in a broad size-range of companies. The proliferation of planning models has been due largely to the increasing availability of computers over the last 20 years, which quickly enhanced the applications and practicality of modelling for all types of business. This report provides an overview of the concept, developments and future of corporate planning models.
Empirical Comparison of 3-D Virtual World and Face-to-Face Classroom for Higher Education

Many higher education institutions have set up virtual classrooms in the 3-D virtual world. In this research, the authors assess the relative effectiveness of a 3-D virtual world learning environment, Second Life, compared to traditional face-to-face learning environment. They also assess the effects of instructional strategies in these two learning environments on interactivity, perceived learning, and satisfaction. The authors' findings suggest that learning environment interacts with instructional strategy to affect the learners' perceived learning and satisfaction. Specifically, when interactive instructional strategy is used, there is no significant difference for perceived learning and satisfaction between the 3-D virtual world and face-to-face learning environment. However, when a direct instructional strategy is used, there is a significant difference for perceived learning and satisfaction. They also assessed whether or not technology helps increase learner and instructor interaction. The result suggests that in interactive instructional sessions, students experienced a higher level of classroom interactivity in Second Life than in face-to-face classroom.
Nonlinear Magneto-Optics of Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors and Semimetals

Nonlinear behavior of conduction and valence electrons in semiconductors and semimetals due to nonparabolic or warped energy bands exhibits resonance behavior in magnetic fields which increases the nonlinear excitation by many orders of magnitude for intraband and interband transitions. Higher harmonics generated by the electrons in warped parabolic energy surfaces are linear in electric field at high powers of incoming radiation.
Impact of forced selection of tRNAs on HIV-1 replication and genome stability highlight preferences for selection of certain tRNAs.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) exclusively selects tRNALys,3 as the primer for initiation of reverse transcription. How and why HIV-1 selects the tRNA is unresolved. To address this issue, we have generated HIV-1 in which the PBS was changed to be complementary to alternative tRNAs. In this study, we report on HIV-1 that have the PBS mutated to be complementary to tRNAThr, tRNAPhe, tRNASer and tRNATyr. Virus with a PBS complementary to tRNAThr grew slightly slower than the wild type virus and maintained the PBS for an extended culture period before finally reverting back to utilize tRNALys,3. In contrast, viruses with a PBS complementary to tRNAPhe or tRNASer rapidly reverted to utilize tRNALys,3 following limited in vitro replication, while a virus with a PBS complementary to tRNATyr had severely compromised infectivity and did not productively infect a continuous T cell line (SupT1) or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Modification of the A-loop region to be complementary to tRNAThr with the mutation in the PBS to be complementary to tRNAThr resulted in a virus that could stably utilize this tRNA while the modification of the A-loop to be complementary to the anticodon of tRNASer did not allow the virus to stably utilize tRNASer. Modification of the A-loop region to be complementary to the anticodon of tRNAPhe severely impacted the replication of this virus. Finally, the modification of the A-loop region to be complementary to tRNATyr did not rescue the virus with a PBS complementary to tRNATyr. The results of these studies demonstrate the diverse effects that alteration of the PBS to force selection of alternative primers have on HIV-1 replication and provide a framework to understand the dynamics of primer selection.
Investigating Structural Heterogeneity in Dimers of Amyloid-β Peptide

Recent evidence suggests that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers as small as dimers may be linked to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We have used single-pair FRET measurements to investigate heterogeneity in surface-tethered dimers of Aβ40, probing for preferred structures. Dimers are prepared by combining monomers singly labeled with donor and acceptor dyes; dimers prepared in solution (prior to surface-tethering) and on the functionalized surface have been examined. Donor and acceptor fluorescence are separated onto two detectors, such that co-localized spots in two-color images are indicative of at least two associated peptides. Dimers are verified based on the observation of single-step photobleaching in each detection channel; larger oligomers are excluded from analysis. By measuring donor and acceptor fluorescence as a function of time, we have determined time-dependent FRET efficiencies for dozens of individual dimers, permitting insight into inter-dye distances and dimer structures. These results are further complemented by comparison to published structures of simulated Aβ40 dimers. Together, experiment and simulation may reveal a subset of preferred structures for Aβ40 dimers.
Expression and colocalization of cytokeratin 1 and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on endothelial cells.

The cellular localization of human cytokeratin 1 (CK1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and gC1qR, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK)-binding proteins on endothelial cells, was determined. CK1 was found on the external membrane of nonpermeabilized endothelial cells by immunoperoxidase staining, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy using immunogold. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) had 7.2 ± 0.2 × 104specific CK1 membrane sites/cell by125I-F(ab′)2 anti-CK1 antibody binding. Flow cytometry studies confirmed the presence of CK1, uPAR, and gC1qR on HUVECs. On laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, CK1 and uPAR, but not gC1qR, colocalized on the cell surface of HUVECs. The HUVEC surface distribution of these proteins was distinctly different from that for von Willebrand factor. In competitive inhibition experiments, anti-CK1, anti-uPAR, or anti-gC1qR blocked both biotin-HK binding and prekallikrein (PK) activation on HUVECs with an inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) of 300 to 350 nM, 50 to 60 nM, or 35 to 100 nM, respectively. Also, antibodies to uPAR and gC1qR each inhibited 86% of kallikrein-mediated, 2-chain urokinase plasminogen activation, whereas antibodies to CK1 only inhibited 24% of plasminogen activation. On HUVECs, CK1 and uPAR, but not gC1qR, colocalized to be a multiprotein receptor complex for HK binding, PK activation, and 2-chain urokinase plasminogen activation.
Evaluation of patients with suspected herniated lumbar discs with radiculopathy.

Backache is a nearly ubiquitous complaint. Unfortunately, our supporting skeletal system was probably made for creatures that walk on all fours and does not suit human bipedal existence. Long periods
Investigating Collaborative Processes Over Time: A 10-Year Study of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force

Collaboration is commonly used to deliver public services that reach beyond the capacities of independent organizations. Much of the literature has been concerned with understanding the types of collaborative processes that are associated with successful collaboration. Yet, few scholars have studied how these design features unfold or evolve over time. We fill this gap through a study of a collaborative environmental management process—the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force—over a 10-year period. Using data coded from the Task Force’s meeting minutes, we examine three key elements of successful collaborative processes in the literature, including internal governance and administration, internal communication, and external communication. To complement our coded data, we also rely on interviews with collaborative participants and contextual information from news media and secondary sources. From our 10-year analysis, we develop propositions about the evolution of collaborative processes, which c...
Delayed mnemonic benefits for a combined pegword–keyword strategy, time after time, rhyme after rhyme

The pegword method is an organizational mnemonic strategy that is often recommended for remembering ordered lists. However, are memorial benefits maintained over time when students learn several consecutive lists using the same 10 standard pegwords? Questions such as this have been raised about the delayed benefits of the technique, particularly when the pegword method is combined with elements of the familiar mnemonic keyword method. In two experiments in which we compared a combined pegword–keyword strategy with an own-best-method control condition after equating students' initial learning, we found consistent 2- and 5-day-delayed memory advantages for students reusing the combined mnemonic strategy with the same 10 pegwords. Our findings suggest that repeated use of this combined mnemonic approach benefits students' delayed memory for ordered lists of unfamiliar items. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake Rate of Cationic Mitochondrial Inhibitor MKT-077 Determines Cellular Oxygen Consumption Change in Carcinoma Cells

Objective Since tumor radiation response is oxygen-dependent, radiosensitivity can be enhanced by increasing tumor oxygenation. Theoretically, inhibiting cellular oxygen consumption is the most efficient way to increase oxygen levels. The cationic, rhodacyanine dye-analog MKT-077 inhibits mitochondrial respiration and could be an effective metabolic inhibitor. However, the relationship between cellular MKT-077 uptake and metabolic inhibition is unknown. We hypothesized that rat and human mammary carcinoma cells would take up MKT-077, causing a decrease in oxygen metabolism related to drug uptake. Methods R3230Ac rat breast adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to MKT-077. Cellular MKT-077 concentration was quantified using spectroscopy, and oxygen consumption was measured using polarographic electrodes. MKT-077 uptake kinetics were modeled by accounting for uptake due to both the concentration and potential gradients across the plasma and mitochondrial membranes. These kinetic parameters were used to model the relationship between MKT-077 uptake and metabolic inhibition. MKT-077-induced changes in oxygen consumption were also characterized in MDA-MB231 human breast carcinoma cells. Results Cells took up MKT-077 with a time constant of ∼1 hr, and modeling showed that over 90% of intracellular MKT-077 was bound or sequestered, likely by the mitochondria. The uptake resulted in a rapid decrease in oxygen consumption, with a time constant of ∼30 minutes. Surprisingly the change in oxygen consumption was proportional to uptake rate, not cellular concentration. MKT-077 proved a potent metabolic inhibitor, with dose-dependent decreases of 45–73% (p = 0.003). Conclusions MKT-077 caused an uptake rate-dependent decrease in cellular metabolism, suggesting potential efficacy for increasing tumor oxygen levels and radiosensitivity in vivo.
The profit benefits of bundle pricing of complementary products

Abstract In an attempt to provide a framework that can help firms find optimum bundling product categories and pricing strategies that maximize their profits, this study develops a profit-maximization model. The results indicate that optimum bundles and price strategies exist; specifically, if a firm uses a bundling strategy to sell its products, it should combine highly complementary products and charge a relatively lower price. The value of a bundling strategy always increases with the size of market and price sensitivity. Managers can use the provided model framework and related advice and examples to plan their bundling strategies.
Methodological Pitfalls in Predicting Counseling Success.

Abstract Prediction models employing multiple linear regression of raw scores, multiple linear regression of factor scores, the single best predictor, and a nine-point decision rule index were compared. The subjects were 296 clients undergoing vocational counseling and evaluation. Predictor variables included performance ratings, demographic variables, and WAIS subtest scores; the criterion was employment status upon program completion. The least statistically sophisticated model, employing the single best predictor, was the most successful approach. Considerable shrinkage in power of prediction was demonstrated upon cross-validation particularly for multiple linear regression of raw scores model, indicating the necessity of cross-validating prediction schemes. Additional suggestions are made to those designing prediction studies.
Probabilistic distance clustering adjusted for cluster size

The probabilistic distance clustering method of works well if the cluster sizes are approximately equal. We modify that method to deal with clusters of arbitrary size and for problems where the cluster sizes are themselves unknowns that need to be estimated. In the latter case, our method is a viable alternative to the estimating multinomial (EM) method.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair

Recent experiments on gene expression during lens regeneration in adult newts have revealed that both the regeneration-competent dorsal iris and the regeneration-incompetent ventral iris are quite active in expressing important regulatory genes. In this paper we outline some of the issues pertaining to this dorsal/ventral specificity and identity. (Part of a Multi-author Review)
Predictors of epinephrine autoinjector needle length inadequacy

Abstract Background Self-administered epinephrine is the primary out-of-hospital treatment of anaphylaxis. Intramuscular injection of epinephrine results in higher peak plasma concentration than subcutaneous injection. With the prevalence of obesity, autoinjectors may not have an adequate needle length for intramuscular injection. Objectives To measure muscle depth and evaluate predictors of autoinjector needle length inadequacy. Methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of low acuity emergency department patients aged 18 to 55 years. We recorded demographic data, measured thigh circumference, and calculated body mass index (BMI). Using ultrasound, we took depth-to-muscle measurements of the vastus lateralus in a standing position, with and without gentle pressure to simulate muscle compression that occurs with correct autoinjector use. We conducted univariate analyses using χ 2 and t tests with P ≤ .05 and 95% confidence intervals. We considered the patient a potential "failure" risk if his/her muscle depth exceeded 15.9 mm (longest available epinephrine autoinjectors needle). Results We enrolled 120 subjects with a mean BMI of 29.2 kg/m 2 . Thirty-one percent (31%) of our sample were found to be failure risks (36/116; confidence interval, 22.6%-39.5%). Women were 6.4 times more likely than men to be a failure risk (54.4% vs 5% for men failure rate; P P Conclusion The current epinephrine autoinjector needle length is inadequate for intramuscular injection, especially among women.
Cyanotic Malformations of the Heart with Pheochromocytoma A Report of Five Cases

The clinical and pathologic features of five patients with pheochromocytoma associated with congenital cyanotic cardiac malformations have been described. This association appears to be more than mere coincidence. Chronic hypoxemia may be a significant factor in the development of this rare endocrine tumor in such patients. The finding of systemic hypertension combined with episodes of nervousness and sweating or repeated severe headaches initially aroused suspicion of a pheochromocytoma in the three patients in which this tumor was diagnosed clinically.
CREATIVE PERFORMANCE AMONG SIBLINGS OF VARIOUS ORDINAL BIRTH POSITIONS

Research has shown that birth order may be associated with a person's academic achievement. Personality profiles have been drawn up for all ordinal positions. However, the research has involved adults, adolescents, and children in the years of middle childhood. Very little research has been conducted with children of elementary school age. In studies of young children Koch (1956) found that firstborns tend to articulate better. However, Rubin, Hultsch; and Peters (1971) found that the quality of nonsocial speech in 4-yr.-olds did not differ. Skovholt, Moore, and Wellman (1973) showed that achievement and motivation were greater among firstborn boys. Alms (1966) found that firstborn college students tend to' be more conservative and chat this conservativism suggests a lack of creativity. Ahe, Tsiyi, and Suzuki (1963) in assessing drawings of 3-yr.-old Japanese children observed that later born children scored higher than firstborn children. Aldous (1973) found dissimilar results in a study on originality of third grade children. Finally Breland (1974) studied adolescents who were National Merit Scholarship finalists. Among these finalists Breland found more firstborn from small families and only children who showed verbal skill. These conflicting findings indicate the necessity of studying the relationship between creative performance and birth order. Also characteristics of localities are needed to justify generalizations. The present investigation examined the creative performance among siblings of various ordinal birth positions. METHOD Thirty-six male elementary students, nine sets of four brothers with no additional siblings of either sex in their families, were chosen as subjects. They ranged from under 9 yr. to over 13 yr. or a little over a year apart within a family. They were equally distributed in Grades 3,4, 5, and 6. Both parents were college graduates. Their socioeconomic status was determined by their fathers' occupations (Warner, Meeker, & Eells, 1949). Subjects were primarily of middle socioeconomic status, as their fathers were professionals, proprietors and managers, businessmen and clerks.
Sequence of κ-opioid receptor cDNA in the R1.1 thymoma cell line

Abstract To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of κ-opioid receptor mRNA in cells of the immune system. While the presence of opioid receptors on cells of the immune system has been controversial, cell-binding analysis has indicated that the κ-opioid receptor is expressed by the immature T cell line R1.1 We have developed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction protocol to amplify the mRNA extracted from R1.1 cells with primers derived from the cDNA sequence of the mouse κ-opioid receptor. Nucleotide sequences of the amplified products were examined and two populations of cDNA were detected which differ in the 5′ region upstream of the ATG start codon. Comparison of these sequences to the previously published κ-opioid receptor cDNA sequence suggests the presence of an intron-exon junction in the 5′ non-coding region.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale Validation in Older Adults

Objectives The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale (GADSS) is a validated measure of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptom severity. Given the high prevalence of GAD in the elderly and the need for a validated scale to assess GAD severity in this age group, the authors examined the psychometric properties of the GADSS in the elderly. Design, Setting, Participants The authors examined a sample of 134 elderly subjects (age 60 and above) who met diagnostic criteria for current GAD, 33 healthy elderly comparison subjects (age 60 and above) and 186 younger subjects (age 18–60) diagnosed with GAD. Results The GADSS had a high internal consistency in the elderly subjects (raw Cronbach's α = 0.76). Pearson correlations showed a significant positive correlation between GADSS, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Pearson correlations showed an inverse significant correlation between GADSS and the Medical Outcome Study SF-36. There was no correlation between GADSS and Mini Mental State Examination or Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics. Conclusions The results showed a good convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity of the GADSS when used for elderly with GAD. The authors conclude that GADSS is a valid measure of GAD symptom severity in older adults.
Aphid genome expression reveals host–symbiont cooperation in the production of amino acids

The evolution of intimate symbiosis requires the coordination of gene expression and content between the distinct partner genomes; this coordination allows the fusion of capabilities of each organism into a single integrated metabolism. In aphids, the 10 essential amino acids are scarce in the phloem sap diet and are supplied by the obligate bacterial endosymbiont (Buchnera), which lives inside specialized cells called bacteriocytes. Although Buchnera’s genome encodes most genes for essential amino acid biosynthesis, several genes in essential amino acid pathways are missing, as are most genes for production of nonessential amino acids. Additionally, it is unresolved whether the supply of nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis is supplemented by recycling of waste ammonia. We compared pea aphid gene expression between bacteriocytes and other body tissues using RNA sequencing and pathway analysis and exploiting the genome sequences available for both partners. We found that 26 genes underlying amino acid biosynthesis were up-regulated in bacteriocytes. Seven of these up-regulated genes fill the gaps of Buchnera’s essential amino acid pathways. In addition, genes underlying five nonessential amino acid pathways lost from Buchnera are up-regulated in bacteriocytes. Finally, our results reveal that two genes, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, which potentially work together in the incorporation of ammonium nitrogen into glutamate (GOGAT) cycle to assimilate ammonia into glutamate, are up-regulated in bacteriocytes. Thus, host gene expression and symbiont capabilities are closely integrated within bacteriocytes, which function as specialized organs of amino acid production. Furthermore, the GOGAT cycle may be a key source of nitrogen fueling the integrated amino acid metabolism of the aphid–Buchnera partnership.
Characterization of chemical selectivity in micellar electrokinetic chromatography: V. The effect of the surfactant hydrophobic chain

The influence of the surfactant hydrophobic chain on selectivity in micellar electrokinetic chromatography was investigated using two sets of surfactants. A series of three sarcosinate surfactants (sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium n−myristoyl sarcosinate, and sodium N-parmitoyl sarcosinate) with C11, C13, and C15 hydrocarbon tails were compared. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate were investigated to determine the chain length effect for sodium sulfate surfactants. Linear solvation energy relationships as well as free energy of transfer studies were used to predict the selectivity differences. The results suggest that although the surfactant chain length can have some effect, the magnitude of this influence seems to be dependent on the head group. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 433–441, 2000
The physically disabled medical student

Previous literature on physically disabled medical students is reviewed, and its implications are examined. Although they encounter significant obstacles to their acceptance into medical school due to stereotyped attitudes, environmental barriers, and recent legal decisions, these students are nevertheless applying to and successfully completing medical school. Common coping strategies for students with mobility, visual, and hearing impairments are briefly outlined.