cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of the nakedness of Weyl singularities

We investigate the stability of the nakedness of the Weyl singularities against matter perturbations by considering the effects of infalling test matter on the convergence of outgoing null rays. We show that the additional convergence induced by infalling test matter does not blow up sufficiently fast to reconverge diverging outgoing rays, at least in the equator, and the nakedness seems to be stable in this limited sense.
Return on Community for Consumers and Service Establishments

This study introduces the concept of return on community (ROC) to the services marketing domain. The ROC represents the health outcomes to customers and financial outcomes to firms that materialize when customers receive social support from other customers in service establishments. By administering Barrera's Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule to teenagers who patronize a video arcade, to members of Gold's Gym, and to middle-aged women who exercise at Curves, the author shows that customers can obtain six types of social support from other customers: intimate interaction, social participation, physical assistance, feedback, guidance, and material aid. In terms of health benefits, intercustomer support provides customers with group cohesion and enhanced well-being. Service firms that host supportive customer networks benefit from customer satisfaction, positive intentional behaviors, and the ability to charge higher prices. By using the contingent valuation method, this article also reveals how cust...
Eastern Mediterranean sea during the last glacial maximum; an 18,000-years B.P. reconstruction

Abstract An ecological transfer function based on the distribution of planktonic foraminifera in 66 Mediterranean and 8 North Atlantic surface-sediment samples is used to estimate sea-surface temperatures and salinities for the eastern Mediterranean during the last glacial maximum (18,000 yr B.P.). The present-day distribution of planktonic foraminifera can be explained by four faunal assemblages, each of which has diagnostic environmental preferences. Factor 1 is a tropical-subtropical assemblage; factor 2 is a transitional assemblage; factor 3 is a low-salinity assemblage; and factor 4 is a subpolar assemblage. The geographic distribution of these faunal assemblages reflect the variation in overlying hydrographic conditions. The 18,000-yr B.P. samples were selected based on total faunal stratigraphy, oxygen-isotope stratigraphy, and previously determined radiometric dates for eastern Mediterranean volcanic ash layers. Estimated temperature and salinity patterns show that the greatest change between present-day and 18,000-yr B.P. sea-surface conditions existed in the Aegean Sea and immediately south of Crete. The winter temperature anomaly (18,000 yr B.P.-present) within the Aegean Sea is 6°C cooler than present. In contrast to this, the maximum summer temperature anomaly exists to the south of Crete, where sea-surface temperatures were 4°C cooler than present. Estimated sea-surface salinities also show that the greatest change took place within the Aegean Sea, being 5‰ less saline than present. The estimated temperature and salinity patterns seem to reflect changing drainage patterns during glacial times and the diversion of cool, low-salinity water into the Aegean Sea. The source of this glacial runoff appears to be large freshwater lakes that existed during this time over parts of eastern Europe and western Siberia.
Intracranial injection of Fluoro-Gold results in the degeneration of local but not retrogradely labeled neurons

Abstract Small volumes of either Fluoro-Gold (hydroxy-stilbamidine) or physiological saline were pressure injected into the striatum of adult rats. This paradigm is essentially the same as that used by neuroscientists who inject small quantities of Fluoro-Gold into brain structures to reveal neuronal connections. Using a modified de Olmos' cupric-silver technique, virtually no degeneration could be detected as the result of saline injection at any time point examined. However, comparable injections of Fluoro-Gold resulted in conspicuous cell body and terminal degeneration within the striatum 1–10 days post injection. Terminal degeneration within the substantia nigra pars reticulata could also be seen 2–10 days after injection. Examination of cells of the compacta region revealed conspicuous retrograde uptake of Fluoro-Gold, although none of these cells exhibited any evidence of neuronal degeneration at any postoperative time examined.
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neutropenia.

Abstract PURPOSE: To present a case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a patient with AIDS and neutropenia managed without exenteration. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 60-year-old African-American man with AIDS developed neutropenia that was probably secondary to antiretroviral therapy. He developed right rhino-orbital mucormycosis and was treated with right partial ethmoidectomy with debridement and liposomal amphotericin B. The infection was cured without need for orbital exenteration, although visual acuity in his right eye ultimately was no light perception. CONCLUSION: Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is uncommon in patients with AIDS. When rhino-orbital mucormycosis occurs, patients require a careful search for an underlying metabolic derangement such as neutropenia. Treatment should be aggressive, but these patients may not require orbital exenteration.
Modeling risk in complex bioeconomies

Like all bioeconomies, markets in synthetic biology will reconfigure complex arrangements of coupled social, technological, and biogeophysical systems. These rearrangements will create novel pathways for risks to propagate across and through systems that will be difficult if not impossible to predict or analyze using conventional risk assessment paradigms. To anticipate potential risks, new approaches will be needed to model cross-system dynamics, using methods that successfully integrate and synthesize diverse forms of knowledge about quantifiable and non-quantifiable features of multiple systems and to ensure early phase innovations are sufficiently transparent to assess the broad system reconfigurations associated with new market development.
Recurrent pancreatitis presenting as fever of unknown origin in a recovering bulimic

A case is presented of a patient with bulimia nervosa who developed fever of unknown origin. A comprehensive medical workup revealed that the patient suffered from acute recurrent pancreatitis. The case demonstrates how acute recurrent pancreatitis may present without abdominal pain or other hallmarks of the illness in a patient who has been in excellent control of her eating disorder. It behooves clinicians who treat eating disorders to be aware that their patients may present unusual symptom constellations while holding back crucial historical data about their illnesses. The treatment of the pancreatitis and preparation for diagnostic procedures by cathartics led to a rapid exacerbation of the patient's eating disorder.
Implications for Location Systems in Indoor Wayfinding for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments

We studied an indoor wayfinding application for individuals with cognitive impairments using Wizard-of-Oz techniques. This gave us insights into the technological considerations for the location system underlying such an application. We have abstracted these into generally desirable properties for location-aware systems for wayfinding. In addition to general requirements for accuracy and robustness, we discuss what other information about the environment should be provided that supports wayfinding. Our work showed that combining rich environment information with user location is key to making indoor wayfinding applications feasible.
Positron-annihilation lifetime in the high-T c Oxides

The superconducting transition affects the positron-annihilation lifetime in the high-Tc oxides. This effect is due to the unusual properties of the oxides in the normal state and, in particular, to the small Fermi energy. The value of the shift also depends on the interlayer distance.
Flavor alignment solutions to the strong CP problem in supersymmetry

An approach to solving the strong CP problem in supersymmetric theories is discussed which uses Abelian family symmetries to align the mass matrices of the quarks and squarks. In this way both the strong CP problem and the characteristic flavor and CP problems of supersymmetry can be solved in a single way. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Optimal Brain MRI Protocol for New Neurological Complaint

Background/Purpose Patients with neurologic complaints are imaged with MRI protocols that may include many pulse sequences. It has not been documented which sequences are essential. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a limited number of sequences in patients with new neurologic complaints. Methods 996 consecutive brain MRI studies from patients with new neurological complaints were divided into 2 groups. In group 1, reviewers used a 3-sequence set that included sagittal T1-weighted, axial T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and axial diffusion-weighted images. Subsequently, another group of studies were reviewed using axial susceptibility-weighted images in addition to the 3 sequences. The reference standard was the study's official report. Discrepancies between the limited sequence review and the reference standard including Level I findings (that may require immediate change in patient management) were identified. Results There were 84 major findings in 497 studies in group 1 with 21 not identified in the limited sequence evaluations: 12 enhancing lesions and 3 vascular abnormalities identified on MR angiography. The 3-sequence set did not reveal microhemorrhagic foci in 15 of 19 studies. There were 117 major findings in 499 studies in group 2 with 19 not identified on the 4-sequence set: 17 enhancing lesions and 2 vascular lesions identified on angiography. All 87 Level I findings were identified using limited sequence (56 acute infarcts, 16 hemorrhages, and 15 mass lesions). Conclusion A 4-pulse sequence brain MRI study is sufficient to evaluate patients with a new neurological complaint except when contrast or angiography is indicated.
In Memoriam: Hilary Koprowski, 1916–2013

Hilary Koprowski, who died this year at the age of 96, was an extraordinary person. He excelled as an innovative scientist, a director of a research institute, a classical pianist, a composer of music, a connoisseur of art, and a polyglot world traveler. Born in Warsaw, Poland, where he obtained a
Fluorescence Image Reconstruction for Optical Tomography Based on Transient Radiation Transfer Equation

Image reconstruction is a bottleneck problem that impedes real time application of optical tomography technology. In this paper, we propose a novel fluorescence optical tomography method with a fast yet accurate algorithm for 3D image reconstruction. This imaging method is demonstrated using radiation transfer modeling based design. First the transport of ultrafast laser radiation governed by radiation transfer equation in participating media is simulated. Then the transient fluorescence field is obtained by solving the same radiation transfer equation in which the quantum yield of fluorescence is added to correlate the absorbed laser radiation with fluorescence emission intensity. Finally, 3D images are reconstructed using the temporal signals of fluorescence at detectors around the boundary of targeted tissues. We use the early time of fluorescence flight and the maximum fluorescence intensity to directly reconstruct the 3D images. Two new concepts, i.e., the photon migration statistic property and the solid geometric correlation property, are introduced for signal and image processing, respectively. The image reconstruction in this new method is very fast and does not require any inverse optimization. The accurate and efficient image and location of a 2.4×2.4×2.4mm3 tumor embedded at two different locations inside a 20×20×20mm3 rectangular tissue are demonstrated.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A History of Clinical Psychology as a Profession in America (and a Glimpse at Its Future)

Clinical psychology emerged as a profession in the United States in the 1890s with studies conducted by psychologists with patients in the mental asylums of that time, and with the founding of Witmer's psychological clinic, where he treated children with learning and behavioral problems. This chapter traces the history of clinical psychology as a profession, from the focus on assessment at the turn of the twentieth century to the provision of psychotherapy that would come to dominate the field after World War II. It concludes with a discussion of some of the contemporary concerns in the profession and how those might impact the future practice of clinical psychologists.
Retrovirus-Induced Oxidative Stress with Neuroimmunodegeneration Is Suppressed by Antioxidant Treatment with a Refined Monosodium α-Luminol (Galavit)

Oxidative stress is involved in many human neuroimmunodegenerative diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus disease/AIDS. The retrovirus ts1, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus, causes oxidative stress and progressive neuro- and immunopathology in mice infected soon after birth. These pathological changes include spongiform neurodegeneration, astrogliosis, thymic atrophy, and T-cell depletion. Astrocytes and thymocytes are directly infected and killed by ts1. Neurons are not infected, but they also die, most likely as an indirect result of local glial infection. Cytopathic effects of ts1 infection in cultured astrocytes are associated with accumulation of the viral envelope precursor protein gPr80env in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which triggers ER stress and oxidative stress. We have reported (i) that activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and upregulation of antioxidative defenses occurs in astrocytes infected with ts1 in vitro and (ii) that some ts1-infected astrocytes survive infection by mobilization of these pathways. Here, we show that treatment with a refined monosodium alpha-luminol (Galavit; GVT) suppresses oxidative stress and Nrf2 activation in cultured ts1-infected astrocytes. GVT treatment also inhibits the development of spongiform encephalopathy and gliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) in ts1-infected mice, preserves normal cytoarchitecture in the thymus, and delays paralysis, thymic atrophy, wasting, and death. GVT treatment of infected mice reduces ts1-induced oxidative stress, cell death, and pathogenesis in both the CNS and thymus of treated animals. These studies suggest that oxidative stress mediates ts1-induced neurodegeneration and T-cell loss.
International Nurse Migration Lessons From the Philippines

Developed countries facing nursing shortages have increasingly turned to aggressive foreign nurse recruitment, primarily from developing nations, to offset their lagging domestic nurse supplies and meet growing health care demands. Few donor nations are prepared to manage the loss of their nurse workforce to migration. The sole country with an explicit nurse export policy and the world's leading donor of nurse labor - the Philippines - is itself facing serious provider maldistribution and countrywide health disparities. Examining the historical roots of Philippines nurse migration provides lessons from which other nurse exporting countries may learn. The authors discuss factors that have predicated nurse migration and policies that have eased the way. Furthermore, the authors analyze how various stakeholders influence migratory patterns, the implications of migration for nurses and the public in their care, and the challenges that future social policy and political systems face in addressing global health issues engendered by unfettered recruitment of nurses and other health workers.
USE OF IRRADIATION TO KILL ENTERIC PATHOGENS ON MEAT AND POULTRY

Ionizing radiation can be an effective step in a HACCP program to kill enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry products. The populations of most common enteric pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157 :H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila can be significantly decreased or eliminated by low-dose (< 3.0 kGy) treatments with ionizing radiation. Only the enteric viruses and the endospores of the genera Clostridium and Bacillus are highly resistant to ionizing radiation, and even these are affected to some degree. Temperature effects must be carefully considered, as reduced irradiation temperatures not only result in fewer adverse changes in the sensorial properties of meat and poultry products, but they also may demand that greater radiation doses be used to inactivate the foodborne pathogen. Equations have been developed that predict the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation treatments on several enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry. In some cases substrate-specific differences in radiation resistance have been found. Irradiation in combination with vacuum packaging or modified-atmosphere packaging has increased both safety and shelf-life for some types of refrigerated products. High-dose irradiation treatments of enzyme-inactivated meat or poultry products in vacuo at subfreezing temperatures can be used to prepare sterile, shelf-stable products with excellent sensorial properties. Such products have been used extensively by military organizations, NASA during space flights, yachtsman, and hospitals. Contemporary research will be reviewed.
Electron microscopy of Achlya deoxyribonucleic acid sequence organization.

Electron microscopic analysis of reassociated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the aquatic fungus Achlya bisexualis revealed details of the sequence arrangement of the inverted repeats and both the highly and moderately repetitive sequence clusters. The authors used the gene 32 protein-ethidium bromide technique for visualizing the DNA molecules, a procedure which provides excellent contrast between single- and double-stranded DNA regions. Long (>6 kilobase) DNA fragments were isolated after reannealing to two different repetitive C/sub 0/t values, and the renatured structures were then visualized in an electron microscope. The results showed that the inverted repeat sequence were short (0.5 kilobase, number-average) and separated by nonhomologous DNA of various lengths. These pairs of sequences were not clustered within the genome. Both highly repetitive and moderately repetitive DNA sequences were organized as tandem arrays of precisely paired, regularly repeating units. No permuted clusters of repeating sequences were observed, nor was there evidence of interspersion of repetitive with single-copy DNA sequences in the Achlya genome.
Tracking performance of the coherent and noncoherent discriminators in strong multipath

Signal multipath leads to undesirable tracking errors and inaccurate ranging information for GPS receivers. The extent of the tracking error in compromising the receiver discriminator performance depends on the multipath amplitude, delay, and phase relative to the direct path. Compared with the rural area, the GPS receiver in the semi-enclosed area, such as city canyons and building shadows, is subject to much weaker line of sight propagation environment which further compromise its performance. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions of the multipath effect on the GPS tracking errors for both coherent discriminator and noncoherent early-minus-late power discriminators in strong multipath environment.
Form versus disease: optimizing geometry during ventricular restoration.

Objective: Dilated cardiomyopathy from many causes results in a change in ventricular geometry, whereby the elliptical chamber becomes more spherical. This may be the unifying geometric concept of heart failure, with similar alteration of spatial configuration in non-ischemic diffuse myocyte disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy with and without scar, and in valvular heart disease. Methods: This change in architecture alters fiber direction and diminishes function, and has been related to alteration of the apical loop of the helical ventricular myocardial band model of cardiac shape. The underlying concept of rebuilding the ventricle by ventricular restoration is suggested to be reconstruction of form, rather than focusing on only the underlying disease. Results: Examples are shown where the Surgical Anterior Ventricular Exclusion (SAVE) or Pacopexy procedure has been successfully applied to each of the above-mentioned diseases, and is suggested for dilated valvular cardiomyopathy. The interaction between rebuilding form and how this procedure restores more normal fiber orientation is discussed, and the possibility of a macroscopic/microscopic marriage between surgically altering the cardiac scaffold by restoration (macro) and cell biology to improve function in a new helical shape is suggested. Conclusions: The implication of these observations is that the surgical objective should become rebuilding ventricular form, rather than restricting restoration procedures to only addressing the disease.
Research on Metalinguistic Judgments: A Review of Theory, Methods, and Results.

Studies employing or investigating the metalinguistic judgments of native and nonnative speakers are reviewed. Their results and methodologies are compared in an attempt to stimulate reliable and informative applications of such judgments in future research. It is found that, given appropriate controls and validation procedures, metalinguistic judgments can play a useful role in language acquisition studies.
Construction of some binary linear codes of minimum distance five

A method of constructing binary linear codes that have a minimum Hamming distance of five is presented. The author proposes a general formulation of the parity check matrix for the desired code and then derives necessary conditions for the code to have a minimum distance of five. Some new codes that satisfy the necessary conditions are described. Some efficient new codes are obtained. In particular, a (47,36,5) code is obtained that has six more information bits than the best previously known code with 11 check bits. >
Predictors of retention in community-based methadone maintenance treatment program in Pearl River Delta, China

Background: The aims were to identify predictors of treatment retention in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Pearl River Delta, China. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study. Participants: 6 MMT clinics in rural and urban area were selected. Statistical analysis: Stratified random sampling was employed, and the data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and life table method. Protective or risk factors were explored using Cox’s proportional hazards model. Independent variables were enrolled in univariate analysis and among which significant variables were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 2728 patients were enrolled. The median of the retention duration was 13.63 months, and the cumulative retention rates at 1,2,3 years were 53.0%, 35.0%, 20.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed: age, relationship with family, live on support from family or friends, income, considering treatment cost suitable, considering treatment open time suitable, addiction severity (daily expense for drug), communication with former drug taking peer, living in rural area, daily treatment dosage, sharing needles, re-admission and history of being arrested were predictors for MMT retention.
Microfluidic actuators based on infrared-light responsive PNIPAAm hydrogel nanocomposite incorporating graphene-oxide

In lab-on-a-chip systems, microactuators are critical to control the flow within the microchannels. Most of the current actuators require hardware connection (electromagnetic, thermopneumatic actuators, etc.) within the channels, thus significantly increasing the system complexity. Remotely controllable actuators would greatly simplify the system. We demonstrate nanocomposite microfluidic actuators remotely controlled by infrared (IR) light. These actuators are fabricated out of thermo-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) nanocomposite hydrogels incorporated with glycidyl methacylate functionalized graphene-oxide (GO-GMA). Two example devices were realized implementing such actuators: a microvalve and a tunable liquid microlens.
Dose Response Effects of Dermally applied Diethanolamine on Neurogenesis in Fetal Mouse Hippocampus and Potential Exposure of Humans

Diethanolamine (DEA) is a common ingredient of personal care products. Dermal administration of DEA diminishes hepatic stores of the essential nutrient choline and alters brain development. We previously reported that 80 mg/kg/day of DEA during pregnancy in mice reduced neurogenesis and increased apoptosis in the fetal hippocampus. This study was designed to establish the dose-response relationships for this effect of DEA. Timed-pregnant C57BL/6 mouse dams were dosed dermally from gestation day 7–17 with DEA at 0 (controls), 5, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg body/day. Fetuses (embryonic day 17 [E17]) from dams treated dermally with 80 mg/kg body/day DEA had decreased neural progenitor cell mitosis at the ventricular surface of the ventricular zone (hippocampus, 54.1 ± 5.5%; cortex, 58.9 ± 6.8%; compared to controls; p < 0.01). Also, this dose of DEA to dams increased rates of apoptosis in E17 fetal hippocampus (to 177.2 ± 21.5% of control; measured using activated caspase-3; p < 0.01). This dose of DEA resulted in accumulation of DEA and its metabolites in liver and in plasma. At doses of DEA less than 80 mg/kg body/day to dams, there were no differences between treated and control groups. In a small group of human subjects, dermal treatment for 1 month with a commercially available skin lotion containing 1.8 mg DEA per gram resulted in detectable plasma concentrations of DEA and dimethyldiethanolamine, but these were far below those concentrations associated with perturbed brain development in the mouse.
XenoSite server: a web-available site of metabolism prediction tool

UNLABELLED Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are metabolic enzymes that process the majority of FDA-approved, small-molecule drugs. Understanding how these enzymes modify molecule structure is key to the development of safe, effective drugs. XenoSite server is an online implementation of the XenoSite, a recently published computational model for P450 metabolism. XenoSite predicts which atomic sites of a molecule--sites of metabolism (SOMs)--are modified by P450s. XenoSite server accepts input in common chemical file formats including SDF and SMILES and provides tools for visualizing the likelihood that each atomic site is a site of metabolism for a variety of important P450s, as well as a flat file download of SOM predictions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION XenoSite server is available at http://swami.wustl.edu/xenosite.
The Intelligent Travel Assistant

The ultimate goal of the Intelligent Travel Assistant (ITA) is the fusion and development of a number of technologies into a device that will increase the efficiency of our transportation network through increased use of mass transit and ride sharing. The ITA will include: a) dynamic ridesharing, b) spatio-temporal database management, c) wireless communications, and d) a management framework. The ITA itself is envisioned to be a compact portable device with the capability to plan multi-modal routes for its user. The traveler will enter a desired destination into the ITA and it will formulate several plans to got the user to this destination. The ITA will make use of wireless Internet technology to send and receive traffic information, transit schedules, and arrange for payment of fares. The Global Positioning System (GPS) will be used to track the user's current position for use in route planning and also its it means of assessing traffic conditions while en-route. A spatio-temporal database management system will be used to efficiently track ITA positions in real-time.
Mavericks and free trade: Chile's pivotal role in the formation of the FTAA

Bilateral and regional trade agreements are gaining importance as the World Trade Organization's negotiations sputter. The future of regional integration agreements (RIAs) depends not only on large countries such as the United States and Brazil, but also on small mavericks like Chile. This article examines the generic roles played by different players in the game to form the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), including Chile's pivotal role in helping the United States advance its objective of creating the FTAA in the face of Brazilian resistance. Managers need to understand the effect of realignment of trade arrangements on their sources of competitive advantage and adopt strategies to preempt their erosion. Other small countries that exist in the shadows of large hegemons that dominate developing-country RIAs might benefit from lessons provided by Chile. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and chromosomal assignment of two heterozygous mutations in the Trp53 gene in L5178Y\Tk +\−-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells

The thymidine kinase locus (Tk1) in Tk +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells is widely used to identify mutagenic agents. Because Trp53 (the mouse homolog of human TP53) is located with Tk1 on chromosome 11 and is critical in regulating cellular responses following exposure to DNA damaging agents, we wanted to determine if these mouse lymphoma cells harbor mutations in Trp53. Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR-amplified exons 4-9 of Trp53 indicated mutations in both exons 4 and 5. We sequenced exons 4-9 from isolated clones of Tk +\- -3.7.2C cells and a Tk -\- mutant (G4). Mutant G4 has two copies of the chromosome carrying the Tk1 - allele and no copy of the chromosome carrying the Tk1 + allele and thus could establish linkage of the individual Trp53 and Tk1 alleles. DNA sequence analysis revealed no mutations in exons 6-9 in any Tk +\- -3.7.2C or G4 clones. As suggested by SSCP, there was a nonsense mutation in exon 4 at bp 301 (codon 101) in one Trp53 allele. Tk +\- -3.7.2C clones have both mutant and wild-type sequences at bp 301; G4 clones have wild-type exon 4 sequence. These data allow assignment of the Trp53 exon 4 mutated allele to chromosome 11 carrying the Tk1 + allele. The exon 4 mutation leads to a stop codon early in translation, thus functionally deleting the Trp53 allele on the Tk1 + -bearing chromosome. As previously reported, we find a missense mutation in exon 5 at bp 517 (codon 173) in one Trp53 allele. Using the G4 clones we determined that the exon 5 mutation is linked to the Tk1 - allele. Thus the Tk +\- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells have two mutant Trp53 alleles, likely accounting for their rapid cell growth and contributing to their ability to detect the major types of mutational damage associated with the etiology of tumor development. This ability to integrate across the mutational events seen in the multiple stages of tumor development further supports the use of the assay in chemical and drug safety studies and its recommendation as part of the required screening battery for regulatory agency submissions.
Isolation of Cantharidin from Epicauta Pestifera

Epicauta pestifera Werner ( Meloidae ) is a species of blister beetle which is found in North America and contains a powerful irritant and vesicant. This paper reports the isolation, quantitative determination, and identification of the active principle responsible for this activity. Employing standard practices of analysis, which involved infrared and NMR spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, elemental analysis, and determination of physical constants, the substance was identified as cantharidin.
Towards Adapting Information Graphics to Individual Users to Support Recognizing Intended Messages.

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Assessing Perceived Challenges to Laboratory Testing at a Malawian Referral Hospital

Adequate laboratory infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa is vital for tackling the burden of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria, and tuberculosis, yet laboratories are ill-integrated into the diagnostic and care delivery process in low-resource settings. Although much of the literature focuses on disease-specific challenges around laboratory testing, we sought to identify horizontal challenges to the laboratory testing process through interviews with clinicians involved in the diagnostic process. Based on 22 interviews with physicians, nurses, clinical officers, medical students, and laboratory technicians, technologists and supervisors, we identified 12 distinct challenges in the areas of staff, materials, workflow, and the blood bank. These challenges underscore the informational challenges that compound more visible resource shortages in the laboratory testing process, which lend themselves to horizontal strengthening efforts around the diagnostic process.
The Visual Invention Practices of STEM Researchers: An Exploratory Topology

This article presents results from a qualitative pilot survey of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) researchers concerning techniques used to create graphics for research articles. The survey aimed to induce a methodological vocabulary for a larger project designed to describe and improve STEM visual literacy for nonexperts. However, the survey also revealed interesting problems for investigation—chief among them a mismatch between STEM visual pedagogy and praxis. In addition, participants supplied a handlist of STEM visual communication texts that have informed their praxis. Survey results are presented in the form of a topology—a frequency-based representation of the topics framing participants’ discussion of STEM visual invention.
Erythropoietic Activity of Tissue Homogenates.

SummaryHomogenates of rat liver, kidney, brain, spleen and muscle prepared in modified Tyrode's solution and injected into the rat are capable of stimulating erythropoiesis as measured by Fe59 incorporation into red cells and reticulocyte counts. The activity of the homogenates does not appear to be a nonspecific effect. Certain points of similarity are noted between the homogenates and plasma erythropoietin.
Endoscopic CO2 laser management of chemoradiation-related cricopharyngeal stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment of head and neck cancer with chemoradiation (CRT) can result in strictures of the cervical esophagus, often at the level of the cricopharyngeus. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of endoscopic CO2 laser cricopharyngeal myotomy for stricture ablation in the setting of prior CRT. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent endoscopic CO2 laser cricopharyngeal myotomy for dysphagia after radiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Pre- and postoperative barium swallow and swallowing assessment were performed before and after surgery. Outcomes and complication rates were examined. RESULTS: Endoscopic CO2 laser cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in 10 patients with dysphagia secondary to cricopharyngeal stenosis/stricture, which developed following treatment for SCCHN with chemoradiation. All patients demonstrated radiographic improvement in stricture, with complete resolution of stricture in 9 of 10 patients. All patients noted improvement in dysphagia with 9 of 10 patients demonstrating significant advancement of diet by modified barium swallow. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic CO2 cricopharyngeal myotomy can be performed safely in the setting of prior CRT, with significant improvement in swallowing in select patients. Indications and technical considerations will be discussed.
Forecasting based on fit analysis of seasonal trend models of local Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Hubei

Objective To use seasonal trend models to forecast the incidence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Hubei.Methods A seasonal trend model was used to analyze trends in and control of the incidence of P.vivax malaria in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2010 and make forecasts.Results Predicted and actual cases in 2011 were found to closely fit results of the model both in theory and practice.Conclusion A seasonal trend model can be used to prospectively predict the incidence of Plasmodium vivax malaria and can serve as a reference for efforts to eliminate malaria.
Saber Simulation of Aircraft Power Supply System

Aircraft power supply system is an important part of the whole aircraft system. It is used to supply high-reliable electricity power to electric loads on the aircraft. In this paper a double-redundant aircraft power supply system is established using simulation software Saber, after all component models have been established, an integral power supply system which can assure highly reliable electric power can be finished. Simulation shows that the system is reliable, and it can provide steady electric power under each fault mode and has a good expandability.
Digitalized Processing of Low SNR Radar Signal

Theory of detecting signal in low SNR by digitalized processing is analyzed. The digitalized processing methods and test results of several typical radar signal parameters are demonstrated.
The Central Challenge to the United Nations: Weakening the Strong or Strengthening the Weak?

The analysis of international relations has long been dominated by concern with the problems posed by the power of states. This preoccupation should now be modified by giving increased attention to the problems posed by the weakness of states. Moreover, recent trends in the development of the activities of the United Nations system are indicative of a shift — perhaps largely unconscious, and certainly not explicitly proclaimed or elaborately formulated — in that direction.
Practical low-coverage genomewide sequencing of hundreds of individually barcoded samples for population and evolutionary genomics in nonmodel species

Today most population genomic studies of nonmodel organisms either sequence a subset of the genome deeply in each individual or sequence pools of unlabelled individuals. With a step-by-step workflow, we illustrate how low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of hundreds of individually barcoded samples is now a practical alternative strategy for obtaining genomewide data on a population scale. We used a highly efficient protocol to generate high-quality libraries for ~6.5 USD from each of 876 Atlantic silversides (a teleost fish with a genome size ~730 Mb) that we sequenced to 1-4× genome coverage. In the absence of a reference genome, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline for mapping the genomic reads to a de novo assembled reference transcriptome. This provides an 'in silico' method for exome capture that avoids the complexities and expenses of using wet chemistry for target isolation. Using novel tools for analysis of low-coverage data, we extracted population allele frequencies, individual genotype likelihoods and polymorphism data for 2 504 335 SNPs across the exome for the 876 fish. To illustrate the use of the resulting data, we present a preliminary analysis of geographical patterns in the exome data and a comparison of complete mitochondrial genome sequences for each individual (constructed from the low-coverage data) that show population colonization patterns along the US east coast. With a total cost per sample of less than 50 USD (including sequencing) and ability to prepare 96 libraries in only 5 h, our approach adds a viable new option to the population genomics toolbox.
Demon est Deus Inversus: Honoring the Daemonic in Iamblichean Theurgy

Iamblichus’s doctrine that the immortal soul becomes mortal is puzzling for Platonic scholars. According to Iamblichus, the embodied soul not only becomes mortal; as human, it also becomes “alienated” ( allotriōthen ) from divinity. Iamblichus maintains that the alienation and mortality of the soul are effected by daemons that channel the soul’s universal and immortal identity into a singular and mortal self. Yet, while daemons alienate the soul from divinity they also outline the path to recover it. Iamblichus maintains that daemons unfold the will of the Demiurge into material manifestation and thus reveal its divine signatures ( sunthēmata ) in nature. According to Iamblichus’s theurgical itinerary, the human soul—materialized, alienated, and mortal—must learn to embrace its alienated and mortal condition as a form of demiurgic activity. By ritually entering this demiurgy the soul transforms its alienation and mortality into theurgy . The embodied soul becomes an icon of divinity.
Misalinement in Bolted Joints

The effect of various misalinement patterns on functional characteristics of the bolted joints has been investigated. The results have also been compared with findings of previous research. The conclusions indicate that unsymmetrical misalinement might cause definite readjustments in the behavior of the joints while in the process of loading. Major characteristics, such as ultimate load and joint efficiency, are not significantly changed. Because the readjustments require plastic deformations, the present results apply only to steels with sufficient range of plastic deformability.
Depression of Muscle Fatigue Curves by Heat and Cold

Abstract Immersion of the forearm in hot water (48° C for 8 min.) did not affect initial strength or steady-state “fatigue level,” but did cause a 34 per cent increase in the rapidity of fatigue. Substitution of cold water (10° C) decreased initial strength 11 per cent without altering the observed fatigue level. Because of less work per contraction, fatigue was considerably less than under control conditions. Massage was without effect. Using a spring-loaded ergograph, the fatigue curve showed an exponential drop-off in work output, and was accurately described by a simple mathematical formula.
Intra- and Extra-Familial Victimization Experiences: Differentiating Between Incarcerated Serious Youth Offenders and Youth Rapists:

Although research is becoming increasingly nuanced by exploring differential risk factors linked with types of youth offenders, typological distinctions have rarely been made between youth rapists ...
Fast recovery from a union of subspaces

We address the problem of recovering a high-dimensional but structured vector from linear observations in a general setting where the vector can come from an arbitrary union of subspaces. This setup includes well-studied problems such as compressive sensing and low-rank matrix recovery. We show how to design more efficient algorithms for the union-of subspace recovery problem by using *approximate* projections. Instantiating our general framework for the low-rank matrix recovery problem gives the fastest provable running time for an algorithm with optimal sample complexity. Moreover, we give fast approximate projections for 2D histograms, another well-studied low-dimensional model of data. We complement our theoretical results with experiments demonstrating that our framework also leads to improved time and sample complexity empirically.
Understanding Risk for Reading Difficulties in Children With Language Impairment

Purpose The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the preschool language and early literacy skills of kindergarten good and poor readers, and to determine the extent to which these s...
Who does not reduce their sodium intake despite being advised to do so? A population segmentation analysis

Excessive sodium intake is linked to an increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although health care providers and other health professionals frequently provide counseling on healthful levels of sodium consumption, many people who consume sodium in excess of recommend levels still do not watch or reduce their sodium intake. In this study, we used a population segmentation approach to identify profiles of adults who are not watching or reducing their sodium intake despite been advised to do so. We analyzed sodium intake data in 125,764 respondents sampled in 15 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to identify and segment adults into subgroups according to differences in sodium intake behaviors. We found that about 16% of adults did not watch or reduce their sodium intake despite been told to do so by a health professional. This proportion varied substantially across the 25 different population subgroups identified. For example, about 44% of adults 18 to 44years of age who live in West Virginia were not reducing their sodium intake whereas only about 7.2% of black adults 65years of age and older with diabetes were not reducing their sodium intake. Population segmentation identifies subpopulations most likely to benefit from targeted and intensive public health and clinical interventions. In the case of sodium consumption, population segmentation can guide public health practitioners and policymakers to design programs and interventions that change sodium intake in people who are resistant to behavior change.
Should Reductive Physicalists Reject the Causal Argument

Reductive physicalists typically accept the causal argument for their view. On this score, Tiehen (2015) parts ways with his fellow reductive physicalists. Heretically, he argues that reductive physicalists should reject the causal argument. After presenting Tiehen's challenge, I defend the orthodoxy. Although not myself a reductive physicalist, I show how reductive physicalists can resist this challenge to the causal argument. I conclude with a positive suggestion about how reductive physicalists should use the causal argument.
Heterochiral DNA Strand-Displacement Circuits

The absence of a straightforward strategy to interface native d-DNA with its enantiomer l-DNA—oligonucleotides of opposite chirality are incapable of forming contiguous Watson–Crick base pairs with each other—has enforced a “homochiral” paradigm over the field of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. As a result, chirality, a key intrinsic property of nucleic acids, is often overlooked as a design element for engineering of DNA-based devices, potentially limiting the types of behaviors that can be achieved using these systems. Here we introduce a toehold-mediated strand-displacement methodology for transferring information between orthogonal DNA enantiomers via an achiral intermediary, opening the door for “heterochiral” DNA nanotechnology having fully interfaced d-DNA and l-DNA components. Using this approach, we demonstrate several heterochiral DNA circuits having novel capabilities, including autonomous chiral inversion of DNA sequence information and chirality-based computing. In addition, we show that heteroch...