cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signal segmentation for isolating the influence of PQ variation and machine manufacturing imperfections on bearing fault detection

The purpose of this research is to introduce a tree-based signal segmentation technique for improving the reliability and sensitivity of bearing fault detection by Electrical Signature Analysis (ESA). To illustrate the motivation of the proposed approach, the nature of bearing anomaly especially the generalized roughness is employed to show the difficulty to detect the bearing defect by electrical signal. Furthermore the influence of Power Quality (PQ) variation and machine manufacturing imperfections on the bearing defect by ESA was detailed, which also verified by the experiment observation. The proposed signal segmentation technique can be used to adaptively partition the non-stationary voltage signal into locally stationary process sets, which can be concatenated into a set of approximately stationary signal set for processing. The corresponding segmented current signal can also be grouped together with voltage signal according to the distance between different groups of approximately stationary signal. Finally model-based detection scheme based on electrical signals is applied to track the trend of bearing health condition change. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, experimental results are provided for different load levels.
Scaffolding Strategies During Repeated Storybook Reading An Extension Using a Voice Output Communication Aid

Adult scaffolding during repeated storybook reading was developed for children who use speech as their primary expressive modality, but through the use of augmentative and alternative communication...
GetBonNie for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models

Summary: GetBonNie is a web-based application for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models encoded in the BioNetGen language (BNGL). Tools accessible within the GetBonNie environment include (i) an applet for drawing graphs that correspond to BNGL code; (ii) a network-generation engine for translating a set of rules into a chemical reaction network; (iii) simulation engines that implement generate-first, on-the-fly and network-free methods for simulating rule-based models; and (iv) a database for sharing models, parameter values, annotations, simulation tasks and results. Availability: GetBonNie is free at http://getbonnie.org. Contact: getbonnie@cs.unm.edu
Influence of ageing on functional recovery and guanine nucleotide levels of the heart following cold cardioplegic arrest

Objective: The effect of age on metabolism and mechanical recovery of the heart after cardioplegic arrest is important, but remains a relatively unexplored subject. In this study, functional recovery and nucleotide levels were compared in the heart at different ages subjected to prolonged hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Methods: Three different age groups of rats: 1 (A); 4 (B); and 16 months (C) were perfused in working mode and subjected to cardioplegic arrest (St. Thomas’ No. 1) and ischemia for 4 h at 4°C, followed by reperfusion for 35 min. Cardiac function (cardiac output and aortic pressure) was recorded before and after ischemia. Another series of hearts in all three age groups underwent 5 min of normoxic perfusion to obtain pre-ischemic baseline metabolite concentrations. Hearts were freeze-clamped at the end of each experiment and used for determination of nucleotide and creatine metabolites by HPLC. Results: The post-ischemic recovery (% of the pre-ischemic value) of the cardiac power was 48.997.8% for group A, which was significantly higher than the functional recovery of group B (24.19 3.5%) or C (21.494.7%, PB0.05, respectively). There was no difference in ATP or the total adenine nucleotide or creatine metabolite concentrations between the three age groups. In contrast, both GTP and the total guanine nucleotide concentration was highest in A (PB0.05). Total guanylate pool was 1.5290.10 1 mmol:g dry wt. in A, as compared to B (1.059 0.04) or C (1.129 0.04). NAD was significantly higher in B (4.190.1, PB0.05), when compared to A (3.69 0.1) and C (3.89 0.1). Conclusion: Best post-ischemic functional recovery after cardioplegic arrest was observed in the 1-month-old hearts (A) and was associated with highest guanine nucleotide concentration; preservation of guanine nucleotide pool in the youngest hearts may be an important mechanism for improved cardioprotection due to the important role of GTP in signalling pathways. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Should “I” Be Avoided or Embraced? Exploring Divergence between Political Scientist and Student Writing Norms

Political science instructors commonly emphasize the importance of effective writing. However, it is unclear that students either understand or share the norms about what this entails. A notable example is the appropriate use of voice. Prior literature has shown that academic writers often believe it is appropriate to use the pronoun “I” for a variety of rhetorical purposes but suggests that students may be unaware of this reasoning. We examine this topic by determining more precisely how commonly “I” is used in a major political science journal, conducting a survey of political science undergraduate students at a large comprehensive university, and interviewing political science faculty at the same university. Although each group's attitudes are complex, we find evidence that students' views commonly conflict with disciplinary norms. We close by considering the implications for teaching about writing in political science.
Genetic Characterization of North American Populations of the Wheat Curl Mite and Dry Bulb Mite

The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits at least three harmful viruses, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), high plains virus (HPV), and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout the Great Plains. This virus complex is considered to be the most serious disease of winter wheat in the western Great Plains. One component of managing this disease has been developing mite resistance in wheat; however, identification of mite biotypes has complicated deployment and stability of resistance. This biotypic variability in mites and differential virus transmission by different mite populations underscores the need to better understand mite identity. However, A. tosichella has a history of serious taxonomic confusion, especially as it relates to A. tulipae Keifer, the dry bulb mite. Molecular techniques were used to genetically characterize multiple A. tosichella populations and compare them to populations of A. tulipae. DNA from these populations was polymerase chain reaction amplified and the ribosomal ITS2 region sequenced and compared. These results indicated limited variability between these two species, but two distinct types within A. tosichella were found that corresponded to previous work with Australian mite populations. Further work using sequencing of several mitochondrial DNA genes also demonstrated two distinct types of A. tosichella populations. Furthermore, the separation between these two A. tosichella types is comparable to their separation with A. tulipae, suggesting that species scale differences exist between these two types ofA. tosichella. These genetic differences correspond to important biological differences between the types (e.g., biotypic and virus transmission differences). In light of these differences, it is important that future studies on biological response differences account for these mite differences.
Photic control of the proportions of two visual pigments in a fish.

Abstract Photic control of the proportion of visual pigments in a cyprinid fish was investigated experimentally by exposing groups of fish to various light regimes. Light treatment increased the proportion of the retinene2 pigment by causing additional formation of visual pigment. This response was mimicked by adding thyroxine to the water. Photoperiod was the most important controlling factor, but light intensity and spectral quality were also important. All controlling factors act together to determine a steady state level of retinene2 visual pigment, regardless of the initial percentage. Both the significance of these findings in view of seasonal changes and the possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
Cohort Profile: The 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort

There is ample evidence showing how marginalization and inequalities in well-being and health have roots in childhood. Preand perinatal factors affect childhood and adolescent outcomes—such as mortality and morbidity, behavioural problems, delinquent and criminal behaviour, cognitive and motor functioning and teenage pregnancies, but the extent to which these effects are sustained through adulthood is less clear. Epidemiological research has identified various early childhood determinants for social exclusion in adolescence and adulthood. These include preand perinatal, genetic as well as environmental risk factors across childhood years. Problems also run in families as a result of both social and biological processes. There is information about several risk factors that contribute to adolescent mental health problems. However, little is known about the protective factors. The Finnish welfare system provides many services to children in at-risk groups, yet little is known about the long-term effects of different official actions and at times reports have been unfavourable. In addition, significant health differences have been observed according to gender and region, but the reasons for these remain unknown. Most data on child and adolescent health and social coping are sample based, cross-sectional or based on short-term outcome. The increased routine collection of administrative register data has created new possibilities for life-course epidemiological research. Previously, such data have not been widely used for follow-up purposes. The Academy of Finland launched a research programme on Responding to Public Health Challenges (SALVE) in 2008. This programme is set to provide applicable information in order to respond to current and future key public health issues, and to bring together approaches applied in public health research as well as in behavioural sciences, social sciences and biosciences. The programme is divided into four thematic areas: health-protecting and health-promoting factors, life-course approaches and critical periods of life, health inequalities and clustering of ill health, and predicting future health. Follow-up of the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort is funded by the consortium ‘Life-course Determinants of Mental Health, Marginalization and Social Coping’ through the Academy of Finland’s SALVE research programme.
The histogenesis of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract: Case series and review of the literature

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract is a rare neoplasm whose histogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. We have examined six specimens of clear cell adenocarcinomas collected from three institutions using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. Results indicate that almost all clear cell adenocarcinomas of this region express morphological and antigenic features, suggesting mullerian differentiation, and that mullerian differentiation is not a feature of either nonclear cell adenocarcinomas or normal female paraurethral glands. Including the authors' six specimens, 46 specimens have been reported in the available English literature. The accumulated experience confirms the initial impression that these tumors develop predominantly in the urethras of women and occur over a wide age range. Despite high stage at diagnosis, most patients have been alive with no evidence of disease when reported, a prognosis that seems to apply regardless of length of follow-up.
The economist’s approach to the problem of corruption

Summary. — This paper will first distinguish between the non-economist’s approach to corruption largely on the basis of public morals and norms and the economist’s approach in terms of incentives and organization. I then discuss why otherwise similar countries may end up with different equilibrium levels of corruption, why such equilibria tend to persist, and why corruption in some countries seems to be more damaging to the economy than in others. I then try to derive some policy lessons. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A 12.4μm 2 133.4μW 4.56mV/°C resolution digital on-chip thermal sensing circuit in 45nm CMOS utilizing sub-threshold operation

Dynamic thermal management (DTM) schemes rely on physical sensors to provide them with feedback to ensure an accurate and closed-loop throttling mechanism. Power-density trends in current-generation, high-performance processors motivate the need for multiple low-area, low-power and high-sensitivity temperature monitoring circuits. To this end, we have proposed and implemented in 45nm CMOS, a novel, digital, on-chip thermal sensing circuit with a high thermal sensitivity of 4.56mV/oC, low power dissipation of 133.4μW and a compact layout occupying 12.4μ2. The design is robust towards process and supply induced noise incurring a 1-σ accuracy loss of <=1.24oC for a +/-10% random variation in the physical and environmental parameters.
Notes on interval estimation of the attributable risk in cross-sectional sampling.

The attributable risk (AR) is probably the most useful and commonly used epidemiologic index to measure the importance of a risk factor in public health issues. This paper focuses the discussion on interval estimation of the AR in cross-sectional studies and compares the finite-sample performance of five asymptotic interval estimators of the AR by calculating the coverage probability and the average length in a variety of situations. This paper notes that the coverage probability of the two interval estimators proposed by Leung and Kupper, including the one that combines the interval estimator on the basis of Wald's test statistic, can be substantially less than the desired confidence level when the underlying risk ratio equals 1. As long as the sample size is reasonably large (⩾100) and the probability of exposure is moderate (⩾0.20), the interval estimator suggested by Fleiss can consistently perform well with respect to the coverage probability in a variety of situations considered here. However, using this interval estimator tends to generally lose efficiency. This paper also finds that with respect to the coverage probability, the interval estimator using Fieller's theorem is generally preferable to the interval estimator on the basis of Wald's test statistic when the prevalence rate ratio (RR) between the exposure and the non-exposure groups is ⩾2. Finally, this paper notes that if we know that the underlying parameter RR is large (⩾4) and the probability of exposure is not small (⩾0.05), the interval estimator suggested by Leung and Kupper will probably be preferable to all the other estimators considered here. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and characterization of a mutant tRNA nucleotidyltransferase.

tRNA nucleotidyltransferase has been extensively purified from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli which displays greatly decreased AMP incorporation, but normal CMP incorporation. The defect in AMP incorporation is retained throughout the purification of the mutant protein. The mutant protein behaves identically to the wild-type protein with regard to elution position on various chromatographic columns, and both have similar molecular weights of about 50000. The defect in the mutant protein is accentuated by the use of yeast tRNA rather than E. coli tRNA-C–C as substrate, by decreased pH, by increased ionic strength and by decreased divalent cation concentration. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ greatly increases the relative activity of the mutant enzyme. In all these cases, CMP incorporation by the mutant enzyme remains the same as the wild-type enzyme. The Km values of the mutant enzyme for its tRNA and triphosphate substrates are unchanged, and the mutant protein is as stable as the wild type with respect to temperature inactivation. These results strongly suggest that the mutation is in the structural gene for tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, and that the mutation probably does not affect the overall structure of the mutant protein, but only a localized region near the AMP-incorporating site.
A node hibernation protocol utilizing multiple transmit power levels for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are typically constrained by limited, irreplaceable energy reserves. The "idle" energy consumption of the radio transceiver can be the most dominant component of energy consumption of a sensor node. A substantial reduction in the energy consumption can be achieved by utilizing the sleep mode of the radio whenever possible. In this paper, we propose a novel hibernation protocol that allows redundant nodes in a network to sleep. With the protocol, a node negotiates with its neighbors, and switches between active and hibernating states, based on its residual energy reserves. The nodes use multiple transmission power levels, and power level and routing decisions are fully integrated with the sleep protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol significantly increases the network lifetime.
Union Maids Not Wanted: Organizing Domestic Workers 1870-1940

An Overview: A Summary of the History of Domestic Work in the United States The Psychology and Nature of Housework Preservers of the Status Quo: The Workers Preservers of the Status Quo: The Employers Preservers of the Status Quo: Organized Labor Against All Odds From Collapse to Promise-to Hope-to No Change Change Within Continuity Appendix: Knights of Labor Composed Entirely of Women, 1882-1887
Multi-Conductor Spectral Domain Analysis of the Mutual Coupling Between Printed Dipoles Embedded in Stratified Uniaxial Anisotropic Dielectrics

New multi-conductor spectral domain immittance functions are derived for modeling the mutual coupling between printed dipoles of arbitrary length embedded in stratified uniaxially anisotropic dielectrics. The coefficients for the newly derived multi-conductor spectral domain immittance functions are closed-form trigonometric functions, which shows that these new expressions are as simple as the single-conductor spectral domain immittance functions derived in previously published literature. Many different configurations of printed dipoles in stratified uniaxially anisotropic dielectrics are investigated for the first time. In particular, the effects of the thickness and the anisotropy ratio of each layer on the mutual coupling of the printed dipoles are determined. The numerical results from the new spectral domain immittance functions are compared to numerical results from commercial software and published literature with good agreement in all cases.
An array of immunotherapeutic strategies for B-cell lymphomas.

With FDA approval of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the B-cell-specific cell surface molecule CD20, immunotherapy in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s-lymphomas (NHL) has gained momentum. Since the first description of the CD20 mAb and its use in a single patient, it has taken more than 20 years to implement this in current treatment options. NHLs are of particularly interest to the research community, since a whole array of novel immunotherapeutic strategies are currently in development. Unconjugated and radioconjugated mAbs are either approved, or in Phase III trials with very promising results. Adoptive transfer of polyclonally activated, tumour-specific or antigen-specific T-cells are in Phase I and II trials. Even antisense approaches have reappeared in the treatment of NHL. However, it is not only passive immunotherapy that has evolved. There are several new strategies for vaccination in NHL, whilst older approaches are under revision. Vaccine strategies targeting the tumour cell specific clonal idiotype (I...
RIPARIAN ZONES INCREASE REGIONAL SPECIES RICHNESS BY HARBORING DIFFERENT, NOT MORE, SPECIES

Riparian zones are habitats of critical conservation concern worldwide, as they are known to filter agricultural contaminants, buffer landscapes against erosion, and provide habitat for high numbers of species. Here we test the generality of the notion that riparian habitats harbor more species than adjacent upland habitats. Using previously pub- lished data collected from seven continents and including taxa ranging from Antarctic soil invertebrates to tropical rain forest lianas and primates, we show that riparian habitats do not harbor higher numbers of species, but rather support significantly different species pools altogether. In this way, riparian habitats increase regional ( g-) richness across the globe by .50%, on average. Thus conservation planners can easily increase the number of species protected in a regional portfolio by simply including a river within terrestrial biodiversity reserves. Our analysis also suggests numerous possible improvements for future studies of species richness gradients across riparian and upland habitats. First, ,15% of the studies in our analysis included estimates of more than one taxonomic group of interest. Second, within a given taxonomic group, studies employed variable methodologies and sampling areas in pursuit of richness and turnover estimates. Future analyses of species richness patterns in watersheds should aim to include a more comprehensive suite of taxonomic groups and should measure richness at multiple spatial scales.
Comparison of Four Hydroacoustic Frequencies for Sampling Pelagic Fish Populations in Lake Texoma

Abstract Dual-beam and echo integration data were collected with 38-, 120-, 200-, and 420-kHz hydroacoustic systems from a single boat in August 1991 to estimate pelagic fish distribution, density, and mean lengths at three study sites of Lake Texoma, Texas–Oklahoma. Areal and volumetric densities were estimated for randomly selected transects in each of the study areas. Density varied among frequencies and sites, and between day and night sample periods. Density estimates were highest in Big Mineral and lowest in the Central Pool site, Calculation of sample sizes required to obtain coefficients of variation of the mean equal to 20% indicated that fewer samples would be required for night sampling (range, 2–14) than day sampling (8–54) and that fewer samples would be required in Big Mineral (2–3) than in Central Pool (3–6) or Little Mineral (7–14) at night. Pelagic fish in Big Mineral were closer to the surface than in Little Mineral or Central Pool. Wavelength scattering characteristics of the four frequ...
Endocrine Function During Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Hormones are chemical mediators that signal effector organs at a distance from the site of the hormone production. In addition to their roles in reproduction and linear growth and development, hormones are responsible for regulating energy production and balance, and for maintaining homeostasis. These latter two functions are critically related to sleep, and it is not surprising that, when sleep is disrupted or lacking, hormonal systems are affected. The normal daily pattern of hormonal levels in humans and the effects of sleep loss are reviewed here, based on studies of hormones measured in frequently sampled peripheral blood.
A Neutron Detection System for Operation in Very High Gamma Fields

In the presence of high gamma fields (l(105 to 107 R/h), the neutron sensitivity of a fission counter is drastically reduced because of gamma pulse pileup in the counter and in its associated pream...
Rape aggression defense and workplace violence prevention.

An R.A.D. Basic Physical Defense program for women employees, launched by a health system's corporate security department, has proven to be a popular low cost method of workplace violence prevention, according to the author, one of the program's instructors. The initial investment in equipment and certification is negligible compared to the benefits and potential benefits it brings, she reports. Language: en
The Press, the Pentagon, the People's Right to Know: Compromises in the Gulf

Abstract Though the restrictions placed on the press during the Persian Gulf War have generated substantial scholarly discussion, the voices of key actors, especially pool reporters, have not been emphasized in the research literature. Using surveys and in—depth interviews, we investigate the impact that the rules for pool reporting had on media coverage of the Gulf War. Conclusions indicate that there was a need as well as a benefit to some Desert Storm reporters who participated in the pool. However, the study confirms the argument that the pool system is inadequate in providing complete and balanced war coverage to a dependent US audience.
Standards insecurity

Standards can provide an important component in the computer security environment but they should not be relied on blindly.
Microscopic Findings in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Patients

Postmortem studies reported over the past 10 years have demonstrated a variety of neuropathological changes, including shrinkage (Bogerts et al. 1985; Falkai and Bogerts 1986; Brown et al. 1986) and neuronal loss (Benes et al. 1986, 1991a; Falkai et al. 1988; Jeste and Lohr 1989), in several different corticolimbic regions of schizophrenics. Because there has been no convincing evidence of gliosis in the brains of schizophrenic patients (Benes et al. 1986, 1991a; Brown et al. 1986; Falkai and Bogerts 1986), a typical adult pattern of neuronal degeneration, like that seen in Alzheimer’s disease, does not account for the observed loss of neurons. An alternative pathogenic mechanism that is believed to account for the reduced numbers of neurons observed in postmortem schizophrenic brain is a disturbance of normal cell migration during early brain development (Kovelman and Scheibel 1984; Jakob and Beckmann 1986; Benes et al. 1986, 1991a; Akbarian et al. 1993).
Implications and Lingering Questions

In his history of first-year (FY) writing instruction, James Berlin writes that as higher education began to expand, it privileged a “certain version” of English, imposing lasting standards that are “clearly dialectal biases of a particular class” (1984, pp. 72–73). Given that FY instructors are charged as the “caretakers” of this version of English—a tool for upward mobility and “the good things in life”—the importance of FY writing for student access is clear. What is often less clear is what exemplifies the version of English expected in FY and more advanced academic writing. There are recurring language-level patterns that characterize academic writing and constitute its attendant standards, but they are often tacit and are rarely the focus of FY writing research or instruction.
Social Inclusion Leads Individuals to Devalue Groups of Perceived Inferior Quality

Much is known about how social exclusion influences affiliation interest; however, little research has explored how social inclusion affects individuals’ affiliative tendencies, such as their evaluation of their existing group memberships and interest in additional affiliative opportunities. We hypothesized that, because socially included individuals’ self-esteem and belongingness needs have been satiated, these individuals might display a reduced tendency to derive self-esteem benefits from negative (but not positive) groups to which they belong as well as reduced interest in joining lower status groups compared to individuals in a social exclusion or control condition. In 2 studies, individuals completed a writing task to activate feelings of inclusion, exclusion, or a control state. Study 1 participants then indicated their collective self-esteem associated with a positive and negative group to which they were a member. Social inclusion participants reported reduced collective self-esteem, specifically public collective self-esteem, from negative group memberships, compared to control and social exclusion participants (all participants reported deriving similar levels of collective self-esteem from positive group memberships). Study 2 participants were asked to indicate their interest in joining sororities/fraternities that varied in prestige and ease of entry. Compared to social exclusion and control participants, social inclusion participants showed reduced interest in joining a relatively low prestige fraternity/sorority that was easier to obtain membership into. Collectively, these 2 studies indicate that social inclusion leads individuals to set a higher criterion for personal group membership.
Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity

Skeletal muscle structure, function, & plasticity , Skeletal muscle structure, function, & plasticity , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
A nurse practitioner–led community workshop: Increasing adult participation in advance care planning

Background and purpose Advance directives (ADs) and advance care planning (ACP) aid in expressing an individual's preferences and guide future medical decision-making. Despite the potential of ADs and ACP to positively impact care, consistently low rates of ADs and ACP (5%–39%) have been documented. The purpose of this project was to increase understanding and participation in the ACP process among rural-dwelling community members. Methods A pre–post repeated measures design with an evaluation component to measure understanding, completion, discussion, and dissemination of ADs and ACP. A sample of N = 40 were recruited to participate in a one-time nurse practitioner–led Five Wishes workshop delivered in a community setting. Conclusions Postworkshop evaluations indicated an overall acceptance and understanding of ADs and ACP. Completion rates of ADs and discussion in the ACP process significantly increased at 1-month follow-up. Implications for practice Nurses and advanced practice nurses are well positioned to educate individuals and facilitate the ACP process. There is a need to educate individuals on importance of sharing their AD wishes with their family and primary care provider. This nurse practitioner–led workshop using the Five Wishes demonstrated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of initiating the ACP process in the community.
Studies on the defect structure of strontium oxide

Abstract An investigation has been conducted in order to gain information on the defect structure of SrO in the temperature range 600°C ⩽ T⩽ 1400°C and oxygen pressure range 10−12 atm ⩽P02⩽1 atm. The problems of investigating this system in the high oxygen pressure regions have been discussed. Measurements have been reported including phase equilibria, lattice parameter, electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power and thermogravimetric analysis of the SrO System. No new oxide phases of strontium were discovered in the temperature and pressure ranges investigated. The lattice parameter of SrO was found to be constant at 5·1600 ±0·0005 A within the given temperature and pressure ranges, although larger lattice parameter values were observed in the strontium excess region. A tentative defect model has been proposed which postulates that Frenkel disorder on the anion sublattice predominates. The enthalpy of formation of negatively charged oxygen interstitials and holes as given by the reaction 1 2 O 2 (g) = O′ + h + (H 0 + H 1 ) is found to be (H0+ H1) = 2·0 eV. The enthalpy of formation of negatively charged oxygen interstitials and holes as given by the reaction o = O′i + V′0+H′F is H′F= 3·0 eV. The oxygen interstitials were found to be highly mobile with diffusivity of 2·4 × 10−5 cm2/sec at 1300°C and an enthalpy of motion of Hm = 0·6 eV.
On the Origins of Zero

IT IS WIDELY believed that zero originated in Indic Civilization but the evidence in support of that belief is not only meager; it is almost zero. No place or time, let alone the name of a discoverer or inventor, has ever been suggested. How can we handle such a problem? We must start from the beginning.
Potential of Decision Support in Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Hospitals

The development of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers signals low quality of care. Despite the established guidelines and best practices on pressure ulcer prevention, the incidence of pressure ulcers in hospital remains high. To meet the challenges of consistently translating best practices into effective clinical practices and promote effective teamwork communication and interprofessional collaboration, we consider the failure of consistent care delivery as loss of information and reveal the opportunities of informatics methods to reinforce information delivery, evidenced by typical cases. We, then, explain and summarize information-related issues existing at the initial assessment upon hospital admission, routine treatments, and team communication. Clinical decision support methods are promising in addressing these issues by optimizing care plans, improving adherence to best practices, reinforcing effective team communication, and customizing event report feedback.
The ventral stream receives spatial information from the dorsal stream during configural face processing

Configural face processing is considered to be vital for face perception. If configural face processing requires an evaluation of spatial information, might this process involve interactions between ventral stream face-processing regions and dorsal stream visuospatial-processing regions? We explored this possibility using thetaburst stimulation (TBS) with fMRI in humans. Participants were shown two faces that differed in either the shape (featural differences) or the spatial configuration (configural differences) of their features. TBS applied on dorsal location processing regions: 1) reduced fMRI activity within ventral stream face-processing regions during configural but not featural face processing; and 2) reduced functional connectivity between these face regions significantly more for configural than featural face processing. No changes occurred when TBS was delivered on the vertex control site for either face task. We conclude that ventral stream face-processing regions receive visuospatial information from dorsal stream location-processing regions during configural face processing.
Prolonged insulin resistance following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia

Nineteen normal male volunteers underwent a 10-h glucose clamp study to examine the duration and mechanism of insulin resistance after hypoglycaemia. Dextrose delivery by the Biostator to maintain the target blood glucose level fell below baseline 2 h after induction of hypoglycaemia and remained suppressed for at least 7 h after insulin hypoglycaemia. Insulin secretion as manifested by C-peptide levels remained suppressed for 3–4 h after insulin hypoglycaemia despite return of blood glucose to baseline by 90 min. Glucose kinetic data (3-3H-glucose) performed in six of the subjects indicated that the prolonged insulin resistance was due to significantly increased hepatic glucose production and to suppressed glucose utilisation, persisting for at least 4 h after counterregulatory hormone levels had returned to normal. Post-hypoglycaemic insulin resistance as determined by dextrose delivery was markedly attenuated and the rise in hepatic glucose output totally eliminated in five hypopituitary subjects without growth hormone or cortisol responses to hypoglycaemia. We conclude that post-hypoglycaemic insulin resistance occurs in non-diabetic subjects and persists for at least 7 h following hypoglycaemia. This prolonged insulin resistance is largely related to release of growth hormone and cortisol.
Evolutionary extreme learning machine for ordinal regression

This paper presents a novel method for generally adapting ordinal classification models. We essentially rely on the assumption that the ordinal structure of the set of class labels is also reflected in the topology of the instance space. Under this assumption, this paper proposes an algorithm in two phases that takes advantage of the ordinal structure of the dataset and tries to translate this ordinal structure in the total ordered real line and then to rank the patterns of the dataset. The first phase makes a projection of the ordinal structure of the feature space. Next, an evolutionary algorithm tunes the first projection working with the misclassified patterns near the border of their right class. The results obtained in seven ordinal datasets are competitive in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms in ordinal regression, but with much less computational time in datasets with many patterns.
Magnetospheric Substorms: Introduction

It is believed that the magnetospheric substorm results when the energy stored in the magnetotail is explosively released toward the inner magnetosphere and finally deposited as heat energy in the upper atmosphere (Dungey, 1961; Axford, 1969). We have learned in the last four chapters that the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction constitutes a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo and that its efficiency is regulated by the north-south component (B z ) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). When the IMF has a large (~5 γ) northward component for a prolonged period (6 h or more), the efficiency of the dynamo becomes minimum. The corresponding state may be considered to be the ‘ground state’ of the magnetosphere. However, even in this situation, solar wind particles are continuously captured by the magnetosphere as they flow in the anti-solar direction in the high latitude lobe of the magnetotail and then are convected toward the dayside magnetopause through the plasma sheet. Thus, when such a quiet condition lasts for more than 48 h, a significant part of the plasma sheet particles can be replaced by magnetosheath particles (Sections 3.4 and 3.5).
Di-μ-chlorido-bis­[chlorido­(di­methyl­formamide-κN)(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)­copper(II)]

The title compound, [Cu2Cl4(C15H12N2)2(C3H7NO)2], Cu2(μ-Cl)2Cl2(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole)2(DMF)2, where DMF is N,N-di­methyl­formamide, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The five-coordinate CuII ions have a distorted square-pyramidal geometry and are joined via two μ-Cl anions. The coordination environment of each CuII ion is completed by a terminal chloride anion, a nitro­gen-coordinated 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole mol­ecule, and a DMF mol­ecule. Two intra­molecular hydrogen bonds exist in the mol­ecule as the H atom of the protonated N atom of the 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole bonds to a terminal chloride anion of the adjacent CuII cation. In addition, mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional sheet via weak C—H⋯Cl inter­molecular hydrogen bonds. Each dimer hydrogen bonds to four neighboring mol­ecules as the H atom of the C atom in the fourth position of the pyrazole ring bonds to a μ-Cl on a neighboring mol­ecule.
Vacuum Infiltration of Gibberellic Acid Stimulates Germination of Dormant Black Walnut Seeds

Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seed normally requires cold stratification to overcome dormancy. In 2 experiments, dormant, unstratified seeds were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) in attempts t...
Solving Complex Quadratic Equations with Full-rank Random Gaussian Matrices

We tackle the problem of recovering a complex signal x ∈ ℂn from quadratic measurements of the form y = x∗A i x, where $\left\{ {{{\mathbf{A}}_i}} \right\}_{i = 1}^m$ is a set of complex iid standard Gaussian matrices. This non-convex problem is related to the well understood phase retrieval problem where A i is a rank-1 positive semidefinite matrix. Here we study a general full-rank case which models a number of key applications such as molecular geometry recovery from distance distributions and compound measurements in phaseless diffractive imaging. Most prior work either addresses the rank-1 case or focuses on real measurements. The several papers that address the full-rank complex case adopt the semidefinite relaxation approach and are thus computationally demanding. In this paper we propose a method based on the standard framework comprising a spectral initialization followed by iterative gradient descent updates. We prove that when the number of measurements exceeds the signal’s length by some constant factor, a globally optimal solution can be recovered from complex quadratic measurements with high probability. Numerical experiments on simulated data corroborate our theoretical analysis.
Adolescent and Parent Reports of Aggression and Victimization on Social Media: Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated the relations of adolescent and parent reports of adolescents’ aggression and victimization on social media with self-perception (e.g., self-esteem, narcissism) and psychosocial adjustment (e.g., attention problems, conduct problems, anxiety, depression). The sample consisted of 428 participants (214 parent–adolescent dyads) from the United States, with adolescents ranging from 14 to 17 years of age. The majority of adolescents and parents reported that the adolescents had not engaged in social media aggression or experienced victimization; however, nearly one-third of parents reported that they were “unsure.” Those involved in such online interactions tended to demonstrate a variety of psychosocial difficulties. Specifically, parent- and adolescent-reported aggression were associated with parent-reported inattention, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as adolescent-reported narcissism, loneliness, fear of missing out (FoMO), and lower self-esteem. Adolescent-reported victimization was associated with many parent-reported indicators of adjustment as well as adolescent-reported loneliness, FoMO, and lower self-esteem. Social media aggression and victimization were related to a variety of indicators of adolescent self-perception and adjustment. Importantly, adolescents who reported experiencing social media aggression and victimization tended to be viewed by their parents as more maladjusted. Implications for further research on the developmental trajectories of these relations are discussed.
Ultrasound characteristics of feline urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma are similar to canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Feline transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a rare neoplasia of cats with an estimated prevalence of 0.18%. Cats with TCC share clinical signs with common pathologies like feline idiopathic cystitis or urinary tract infections. Nonspecific clinical signs include hematuria, pollakiuria, or stranguria. The literature lacks a feline-specific ultrasound description of TCC. The aim of this multicenter retrospective descriptive study was to report ultrasound findings of a collection of feline TCC and then assess if feline TCC and canine TCC have similar ultrasound appearances. It was hypothesized that the ultrasound characteristics would be similar between feline and canine TCC. Ultrasound studies were assessed for tumor shape, number of isolated mural masses, location within the bladder, presence of Doppler signal, echogenicity of urine, mineralization within the mass, extension of the mass into the proximal urethra or ureters, urethral/ureteral obstruction, pyelectasia, and sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Feline studies were compared to 20 cases of confirmed canine TCC. A total of 20 cats with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of TCC were included. Feline and canine TCC had similarities when viewed using ultrasound. Statistically significant differences were identified for location of the bladder mass (cats were more likely to be mid-body vs trigonal in dogs, P = .011) and urethral extension of the tumor was less likely in cats than dogs (P = .0436). Based on this sample of 20 cats, feline TCC was most commonly a singular, broad-based mass within the mid-body or apex of the urinary bladder.
Cancer prognosis with shallow tumor RNA sequencing.

Disrupted molecular pathways are often robustly associated with disease outcome in cancer1–3. Although biologically informative transcriptional pathways can be revealed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at up to hundreds of folds reduction in conventionally used coverage4–6, it remains unknown how low-depth sequencing datasets perform in the challenging context of developing transcriptional signatures to predict clinical outcomes. Here we assessed the possibility of cancer prognosis with shallow tumor RNA-seq, which would potentially enable cost-effective assessment of much larger numbers of samples for deeper biological and predictive insights. By statistically modeling the relative risk of an adverse outcome for thousands of subjects in The Cancer Genome Atlas7–13, we present evidence that subsampled tumor RNA-seq data with a few hundred thousand reads per sample provide sufficient information for outcome prediction in several types of cancer. Analysis of predictive models revealed robust contributions from pathways known to be associated with outcomes. Our findings indicate that predictive models of outcomes in cancer may be developed with dramatically increases in sample numbers at low cost, thus potentially enabling the development of more realistic predictive models that incorporate diverse variables and their interactions. This strategy could also be used, for example, in longitudinal analysis of multiple regions of a tumor alongside treatment for quantitative modeling and prediction of outcome in personalized oncology. Application of machine-learning models on very shallow RNA sequencing data maintains predictive performance across different tumor types.
Polycythemia and Anemia in Hereditary Hemochromatosis.

Introduction Hereditary hemochromatosis is a syndrome of dysregulated iron homeostasis resulting in the excessive deposition of iron. Hemochromatosis causes pulmonary, pancreatic, and hepatic dysfunction, all of which are risk factors for anemia in the general population. Conversely, iron overload states are thought to predispose to polycythemia. The effect of the homozygosity and heterozygosity of hereditary hemochromatosis-associated genes on hemoglobin levels has not been sufficiently studied. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at West Virginia University of all patients who underwent HFE gene analysis and carried the diagnosis of hemochromatosis. Charts were reviewed to identify relevant variables and the patients' clinical course. Results A total of 213 patients were included with 143 male participants (67.13%). The mean age was 53.6 years (SD: 15.2). A total of 108 patients were homozygous for the C282Y mutation. The prevalence of baseline characteristics are as follows: tobacco use 46.3%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 16.4%, malignancy 20.1%, cirrhosis 16.8%, anticoagulant use 6.5%, and chronic renal insufficiency 13.1%. The mean hemoglobin of the population was 15.0 mg/dL (SD 2.21). Anemia was seen in 23 patients (10.80%) and 59 patients (27.6%) had polycythemia. Concurrent malignancy and the presence of chronic renal insufficiency were significantly associated with anemia in both the univariate and multivariate analysis (p-values < 0.001). Patients with homozygosity for C282Y were more likely to receive phlebotomy as compared to other patients. Serum ferritin was not associated with anemia or polycythemia on multivariate analyses (p-values 0.197 and 0.105, respectively). Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of comorbidities that are known risk factors for anemia in the general population, few patients with hereditary hemochromatosis develop anemia. Female patients with hereditary hemochromatosis are relatively protected against polycythemia, affecting only one-fourth of all patients with hemochromatosis, with most patients' serum hemoglobin reported within normal limits.