cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability and stability of selected components in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri serum and the precision of automated analysis in measuring these components

Eighteen components in rainbow trout serum were tested for variability among individuals and stability during storage. In addition, the precision of an automated serum analysis system was determined. Stability of serum components was observed over 42 days at temperatures of 25° C, 4° C and - 10° C. Components tested included: albumin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, potassium, sodium, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, phosphohexose isomerase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, creatinine, and creatine phosphokinase. Fish serum was generally more stable than human serum when stored at 25° C and 4° C and similar in stability at - 10° C. Precision of analytical methodologies was excellent for all components measured except creatine phosphokinase.
Egret: a framework for advanced CSCW applications

Egret is a publically available, advanced framework for construction of computer-supported cooperative work applications. Egret provides an approach to multi-user, interactive application development that differs markedly from other frameworks or infrastructures, such as Groupkit, WWW, or Lotus Notes. This short paper introduces Egret, its architecture, design philosophy, selected applications, and interest groups within the software engineering community. It concludes with information on how Egret's sources, binaries, and documentation may be obtained free of charge using the Internet.
Endogenous inhibitory cytokines repress TNFα secretion

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), with the potential to destroy tissue, is likely to be tightly regulated. A major regulatory step is the translational repression of TNFα. This study evaluates whether endogenous inhibitory cytokines account for this repression. Two cell populations were isolated from peripheral blood using techniques that minimized activation, one composed primarily of monocytes and the other containing T-cells and NK-cells. When cultured without a stimulus in the presence of Abs neutralizing IL-4, IL-10, or TGFβ, each population released large amounts of TNFα, reaching levels induced by PHA or LPS. Their actions were at the post-translational level since the numbers of transcripts did not change, and inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis had no effects. When inhibitors of 38 MAP kinase and ERK were added, T-cell release of TNFα proved to involve both pathways while monocytes were dependent on p38 but not ERK. Changes in soluble TNF receptor levels or cell uptake of TNFα were not involved. This study shows that low TNFα secretion by resting T-cells and monocytes is maintained by endogenous inhibitors that suppress post-translational processing of TNFα by MAP kinases. Keeping TNFα levels low is critical to the non-inflammatory steady-state.
Carbene proton attachment energies: theoretical study.

The geometries and electronic energies of six singlet carbenes, with methyl and phenyl substituents, and the corresponding carbenium ions were obtained using several density functional theory (DFT)...
Thermodynamic Effects in the Compression of Solids

The temperature changes of solids undergoing compression were determined. Compounds of known heat capacity were compressed into tablets at varying speeds and pressure and collected into thermally insulated vessels containing a suitable liquid. The resulting increase in temperature of the liquid was measured after equilibrium was established, and it was found that the increases in temperature were directly related to speed of compression and to compression pressure. Extrapolation of the data provided a technique for predicting tablet temperatures at time of compression. Thermal energy was converted to its mechanical equivalent thus providing a means for estimating the energy expended in the tablet compression process. The use of thermochromic indicators qualitatively supported the validity of the conclusions and quantitative confirmation was obtained by direct heating of samples.
Patient acceptance of mastectomy for cancer

Abstract Of 300 women who had mastectomy for breast carcinoma, 278 (93 percent) responded to a questionnaire about how well they accepted loss of a breast. Of those responding, 73 percent stated that they had no appreciable adverse reaction to the extent of the operation. Twenty patients (7 percent) cited major work, social or sexual problems resulting from mastectomy. Among the 20, sexual problems —cited by 85 percent—predominated. Four (1 percent) of the 278 patients expressed major dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result of an external prosthesis. Two of these patients and four others had surgical reconstruction of the breast, which was satisfactory in five.
Is Executive Cognitive Function Associated with Youth Gambling

Our objectives for this report were to identify trajectories of youth gambling behavior, and to examine their relation to executive cognitive function (ECF) and associated problem behaviors. Philadelphia school children, enrolled at ages 10–12 years (n = 387; 49% male), completed three annual assessments of risk behaviors, ECF, impulsivity, problem behaviors and demographics. Across ages 10–15 years, using methods from Nagin et al., two groups were identified: Early Gamblers (n = 111) initiated early and continued in later assessments, and Later Gamblers (n = 276) initiated at later ages and gambled less. Betting money on cards and sports were the most frequently reported gambling behaviors. Using gambling group as outcome, final backward selection logistic regression model showed Early Gamblers are more likely male (P = 0.001), report more active coping (P = 0.042), impulsive behaviors (P ≤ 0.008), and have friends who gamble (P = 0.001). Groups were similar in ECF, parental monitoring, marital status, SES, and race. Early Gamblers had higher incidence of problem behaviors and drug use (all P ≤ 0.006). Two gambling groups were identified in early adolescence with Early Gamblers showing higher levels of impulsivity and comorbid problems but similar levels of ECF compared to Late Gamblers. As more gambling groups are identified through later adolescence, ECF may emerge as a relevant precursor of problem gambling at this later time.
The effect of nutritional status and of glucocorticoid treatment on the protein kinase isozyme pattern of liver parenchymal cells

Abstract In this study, we have employed native polyacrylamide gels to resolve protein kinase isozymes in cytosol samples from rat liver parenchymal cells. Five distinct bands of protein kinase activity were detected. Four of these were found to be cyclic AMP-dependent. Cytosols of isolated hepatocytes from fed and fasted rats were compared using the gel system. The resulting protein kinase activity profile revealed no marked differences in isozyme pattern or kinase activity between the two nutritional states. Isolated hepatocytes from fed rats were placed in primary culture and after 24 and 48 h cytosol samples were prepared and assayed for protein kinase activity using the gel system. The isozyme pattern remained intact for cells maintained in either Waymouths' or Swim's-77 medium for at least 48 h after inoculation into culture, and the isozyme pattern was not altered by glucocorticoid treatment.
PDZK1 and GREB1 Are Estrogen-regulated Genes Expressed in Hormone-responsive Breast Cancer1, 2

The function of estrogen in breast cancer proliferation and progression is likely to be due to the expression of a repertoire of genes regulated by estrogen receptor (ER). Using suppression subtractive hybridization, we have isolated a set of 14 estrogen-responsive genes that was differentially expressed in MCF7 cells stimulated by beta-estradiol as compared with unstimulated cells. Tamoxifen repressed the expression of all 14 estrogen-responsive genes. Thirteen of the genes were induced within 6 h of estrogen treatment, indicating that these were early response genes in the ER-regulated pathway. PDZK1 and a new gene, GREB1, demonstrated a significant correlation with ER phenotype in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Treatment with cycloheximide indicated that ER directly controls GREB1 expression. Three cDNAs (GREB1a, GREB1b, and GREB1c) were isolated by screening a MCF7 cDNA library. These three cDNAs of GREB1 shared extensive sequences through the open reading frame but had divergent 5' untranslated regions, indicating the possibility of multiple promoters regulated by beta-estradiol. Studies in primary breast cancers showed that PDZK1 and GREB1 were overexpressed in ER-positive breast cancers as compared with ER-negative breast cancers by 19-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. GREB1 was also induced by beta-estradiol in the ER-positive endometrial cell line ECC-1. The pattern of expression suggests a critical role for these two genes in the response of tissues and tumors to beta-estradiol.
Design by Framework Completion

An object-oriented framework in essence defines an architecture for a family of applications or subsystems in a given domain. Every application in the family obeys these architectural restrictions. Such frameworks are typically delivered as collections of inter-dependent abstract classes, together with their concrete subclasses. The abstract classes and their interdependencies implicitly realize the architecture. Developing a new application reusing classes of a framework requires a thorough understanding of the framework architecture.
The lack of influence of parental age and birth order in the aetiology of nuclear sex chromatin‐negative Turner's syndrome

Summary Among seventy patients with nuclear sex chromatin Turner's syndrome sixty-three individuals were found who had at least one liveborn sib. In these sixty-three families the observed maternal age (25.413 ± 5.494, S.E. 0.692) did not differ significantly from the expected maternal mean (26.091 ± 5–262); nor did the paternal observed age (27.742 ± 5.651, S.E. 0.718) differ significantly from the expected paternal mean (28.421 ± 5.612). The observed birth ordinal (2.127 ± 1.550, S.E. 0.195) was not significantly different from expected birth ordinal (2.405 ± 1.644). Limitations due to residual fertility of parents are, in this survey, regarded as minimal. It is a pleasure to acknowledge that the beginnings of this survey lay in conversations between Prof. L. S. Penrose and one of us (S. H. B.). We wish to thank Mrs Barbara Latrobe and Mrs Jane Schultz for their assistance.
Interpersonal Dynamics and Group Development in Computer Conferencing.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of interpersonal interactions relating to group development in asynchronous computer conferencing. Data consisted of transcripts from a graduate course conducted via computer conferencing. Using Schutz’ model of group development, messages were analyzed for interpersonal issues. Results suggest that people collaborating as a group via asynchronous computer conferencing have similar interpersonal issues, at comparable stages and proportions, as reported for face‐to‐face groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Interactive display of stacks of images in scientific presentations with PowerPoint.

OBJECTIVE. We describe a new tool to facilitate the creation and interactive display of stacks of images for scientific and educational presentations using Microsoft PowerPoint.CONCLUSION. This new tool allows interactive scrolling through stacks of images. After a presentation is created, all elements required to display the stacks of images are embedded in the PowerPoint file. These presentations can be run on any computer (Macintosh or IBM-compatible versions) using PowerPoint with no other preinstalled software, making this tool useful for scientific and educational presentations at national and international meetings.
Conceptualisations of multicultural education among teachers: Implications for practice in universities and schools

Abstract This study examined teachers' conceptualisations of multicultural education (MCE) within the setting of a laboratory school affiliated with a university campus in south eastern USA. This unique setting provided the researchers with an opportunity to study multiculturalism as a whole-school construct and in terms of how universities teach multicultural education. The analysis of data collected from a school-wide survey and group interviews with teachers revealed a) the importance of how language is used in teachers' conceptualisations of MCE, b) patterns of congruence and divergence in these conceptualisations and c) the implications of these conceptualisations for the teaching of MCE in universities and its implementation as school-wide practice.
Coulomb gas and the determinants of the laplacian on the Mandelstam diagram

Abstract We present a simple method to describe Zλ[α], the determinant of the laplacian of spin λ and generic spin structure α on the punctured Riemann surface. After expressing Zλ on the Mandelstam diagram in terms of the correlation function of the generalized Coulomb gas with background point charges on the metric singularities, we use the pair annihilation of the Coulomb particles to relate the Zλ's with different λ. We show that Zλ + 1 = Zλ so that Zλ depends on λ only through the statistics of λ. We use the point splitting method to regulate the divergence and discuss the regularization dependence of the results.
Micromechanical study of ductile polycrystalline materials

Abstract A micromechanical model is proposed to study the behavior of ductile polycrystalline materials. The emphasis is focused on the description of the recoverable and irreversible evolution of the material's internal structure. The evolution is used to derive the equivalent stress and strain measures. These theoretical predictions are very appealing when checked with existing experimental data.
The role of Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in radiation dosimetry.

A brief overview is given of the role in radiation dosimetry of electron transport simulations using the Monte Carlo technique. Two areas are discussed in some detail. The first is the calculation of stopping-power ratios for use in ion chamber dosimetry. The uncertainty in stopping-power ratios is discussed with attention being drawn to the fact that the relative uncertainty in restricted collision stopping powers is greater than that in unrestricted stopping powers if the major source of uncertainty is the density effect correction. Using ICRU Report 37 stopping powers and electron spectra calculated in a small cylinder of graphite, the value of the Spencer—Attix graphite to air stopping-power ratio in a 60Co beam is found to be 1.0021 for an assumed graphite density of 1.70 g/cm3 and 0.23% less for an assumed density of 2.26 g/cm3. The second area discussed is the feasibility of using Monte Carlo techniques to calculate dose patterns in a patient undergoing electron beam radiotherapy.
High Accuracy Molecular Weight Determination and Variation Characterization of Proteins Up To 80 ku by Ionspray Mass Spectrometry

A quadrupole mass spectrometer with an ionspray interface was used to measure the molecular weight (MW) of proteins up to 80,000 u . With the improvements in instrument cahbration by a statistical averaging method and in data analysis by a gaussian curve-fitting method, precision of MW determination as high as 12 ppm was achieved with equine myoglobin (MW 16,950.4 ± 0.2 u). Exact MW determination of three components in cerato-ulmin revealed that the two minor ones had lost amino acid residues Ser and Ser-Asp, respectively, from the major component (MW 7618.4 ± 0.2 u). MW classifIcation of eight components in the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody revealed that one set of four had MW - 47,540 u and the other - 47,640 u. The MW difference of 100.2 ± 0.6 u between fragment 1 and 2, attributed to inhomogeneous cleavage at the Fab C-terminus, was probably due to one additional Thr in 1. The MW of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to be 66,431.5 ± 1.3 u, - 164 u higher than the calculated sequence MW, most probably because of the incorrectness in the previously reported BSA amino acid sequence. The MW of human serum transferrin (79,556.8 ± 1.7 u) was shown to be 4414 u higher than the sequence MW, pointing to a glycosylation of 22.7 sugar units in this protein. The greater complexity in bovine serum transferrin (MW 78,030.5 ± 1.8 and 78,326 ± 3.3 u for the two major components) was correlated with the heterogeneity in the glycosylation.
Three shrinkage constructions for pitman-cuoseness in the one-dimensional location case

Let θ be the location parameter of a location family, and let X be a single observation from a member of that family. Write when the statistic T(X) is closer in the Pitman sense to θ than is T‘(X). This paper exhibits 1) for each of a large class of univariate location families, a set S of statistics T(X) with ; 2) for each of the same class, a “Pitman-transitive” set S* (i.e., such that, for T, T′, T′′ eS* and imply in one-to-one correspondence with the closed unit interval, and 3) for the univariate Laplace location family with unit scale parameter, a “Pitman-intransitive” triplet (T,T’,T’’) of members of S.
Novel thin films of titanium dioxide particles synthesized by a sol-gel process

Novel thin films of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles dispersed in a matrix of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) polymer have been made on quartz and silicon substrates. The titanium dioxide particles were made by the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium tetraethoxide (TEOT) in solutions of HPC in a mixture of ethanol and water. HPC controlled the particle size by adsorbing at the particle surface during the growth process and generating repulsive steric forces. The TiO2/HPC composite films were transparent in the visible region and completely blocked ultraviolet radiation at 300 nm. These films were crack-free and uniform in composition and thickness. Transparent films of amorphous TiO2 were made by burning out the HPC at 500 °C. These films were highly uniform and had no macroscopic cracks. X-ray diffraction revealed a transition to the anatase form upon sintering at 600 °C. A film sintered at 700 °C had a porosity of 38%. The crystalline films remained transparent until they densified at 800 °C.
'Thinking Technology' in mature industry firms: understanding technology entrepreneurship

Technological entrepreneurship is important yet difficult in mature industry firms because so many cues impede understanding that change is needed, or interpreting new data effectively, instead reinforcing old views. A cognitive approach to innovation suggests why, and offers insights illustrated by accounts of three mature–industry innovation episodes. Technology entrepreneurship is shown as a quintessentially social activity, requiring joint efforts to interpret ambiguous data, joint understanding to sustain technology efforts, and persistent, coordinated endeavour to accomplish technological change. The nominally 'managerial' tasks of sensemaking, mindful alertness to anomalies, and the joint creation of a new shared cognitive context are broadly shared in these accounts, and stand out as the underpinnings of technological entrepreneurship.
Chemical Microsensors for Satellite Applications

We have been investigating several chemical microsensor technologies for the detection of chemicals found in propellant and rocket exhaust plumes and as contaminants for satellite components. In this work we have developed a catalytic metal sensor for the detection of H 2 contamination in electronic device packages. The sensor is based on the resistance of a thin film Pd/Ni alloy. Data have been obtained on its response at room temperature to various levels of H 2 as well as the effects of H 2 O and O 2 on its performance. Hydrogen levels to 10.5 ppm have been detected and the responsivity is about twice that of similar sensors. The sensor is insensitive to H 2 O but its response to H 2 is strongly inhibited by O 2 .
Technical Assistance for Meeting Early Intervention Personnel Standards Statewide Processes Based on Peer Review

This article describes the technical-assistance activities of the Partnerships Project, which represents a partnership among a university, a state department of education, and a university-affiliated program in the state of Illinois, and is designed to support the implementation of new early intervention personnel standards. Three major functions of the project, each utilizing extensive peer review for its implementation, are described: (a) assisting in the formulation and implementation of a new portfolio-based credentialing process, (b) supporting geographically and financially available field-based training opportunities that assist personnel in meeting credentialing standards through the portfolio process, and (c) supporting activities to expand the ability of colleges/universities to provide early intervention training.
Autogenous tissue breast reconstruction in the silicone‐intolerant patient

Background. Concerns regarding the safety of silicone gel breast implants have motivated many patients with complications from their silicone breast implants to search for alternatives for breast reconstruction. Although autogenous tissue has been used for primary breast reconstruction after mastectomy, few studies have described its use in the patient in whom silicone-implant breast reconstruction has failed. Methods. Between 1988 and 1993, 33 patients who had previous unsuccessful breast reconstruction with silicone breast implants underwent implant removal and autogenous tissue reconstruction. Preoperative evaluation included implant-related problems, such as capsular contracture, pain, and loss of implant shell integrity
Photocurrent theory based on coordinate dependent lifetime

Recent work by Pejova [Mater. Res. Bull.43, 2887 (2008)MRBUAC0025-540810.1016/j.materresbull.2007.12.010] showed that the widely cited classical photocurrent theory of DeVore [Phys. Rev.102, 86 (1956)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.102.86] does not necessarily apply for photocurrent experiments carried out on thin-film semiconductors. In this Letter, we theoretically and experimentally justify the successful use of the photocurrent model published by Bouchenaki et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B8, 691 (1991)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.8.000691].
High-Q Overtone Modes of the Earth

Summary Overtone modes of free oscillation of the Earth have been observed with two instruments at two separate locations after the Colombian earthquake of July 31, 1970. Certain overtones persisted with a signal-to-noise ratio as high as 20 db for 50 hr after the origin time. Some spheroidal radial overtones (modes of type nS0) were found to have Q's near 1000, about three times the typical Q of a fundamental mode (0SI). Multiplet centre frequencies and Q's were measured for several overtones, with good agreement between the two stations.
Micromere lineages in the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella

In leech embryos, segmental mesoderm and ectoderm arise from teloblasts by lineages that are already relatively well characterized. Here, we present data concerning the early divisions and the definitive fate maps of the micromeres, a group of 25 small cells that arise during the modified spiral cleavage in leech (Helobdella robusta) and contribute to most of the nonsegmental tissues of the adult. Three noteworthy results of this work are as follows. (1) The c"' and dm' clones (3d and 3c in traditional nomenclature) give rise to a hitherto undescribed network of fibers that run from one end of the embryo to the other. (2) The clones of micromeres b" and b"' (2b and 3b in traditional nomenclature) die in normal development; the b" clone can be rescued to assume the normal c" fate if micromere c" or its clone are ablated in early development. (3) Two qualitative differences in micromere fates are seen between H. robusta (Sacramento) and another Helobdella sp. (Galt). First, in Helobdella sp. (Galt), the clone of micromere b" does not normally die, and contributes a subset of the cells arising exclusively from c" in H. robusta (Sacramento). Second, in Helobdella sp. (Galt), micromere c"' makes no definitive contribution, whereas micromere dm' gives rise to cells equivalent to those arising from c"' and dm' in H. robusta (Sacramento).
On the Scalability of Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms on Multicore Platforms: A Case Study

Multicore platforms are predicted to become significantly larger in the coming years. Given that real-time workloads will inevitably be deployed on such platforms, the scalability of the scheduling algorithms used to support such workloads warrants investigation. In this paper, this issue is consideredand an empirical evaluation of several global and partitioned scheduling algorithms is presented. This evaluation was conducted using a Sun Niagara multicore platformwith 32 logical CPUs (eight cores, four hardware threads per core). In this study, each tested algorithm proved to be a viable choice for some subset of the workload categories considered.
The Red Book and the Practice of Environmental Public Health: Promise, Pitfalls, and Progress

This paper examines the impact of the National Research Council's report Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, known as the “Red Book,” on the practice of risk assessment, risk management, and the education of public health and risk professionals. The four-step approach to risk assessment was broadly adopted by the regulatory community and has a profound impact on science, research, public health, and regulatory decision-making. Early limitations and unintended negative consequences of the approach are also examined, including the isolation of public health agencies from regulatory decision-making and the de-emphasis of epidemiology and public health surveillance. Recent progress to address the gap between public health and risk assessment is described and a list of future challenges is presented to assure continued building upon the foundation provided by the first 20 years of the Red book. Among the greatest of these challenges is the continued effort to improve the interface ...
Frequency-domain gratings by simultaneous absorption of two photons

Abstract We study frequency-domain coherence gratings produced by interference in process of simultaneous absorption of two photons in an inhomogeneously broadened medium. In our experiment, we create a grating at a visible wavelength by illuminating an organic dye-doped polymer at low temperature with phase-locked pairs of 100-fs laser pulses at a near-infrared wavelength equal to two times the transition wavelength. We show that two-photon excited coherence can be detected either by measuring the spectrum of fluorescence or, after prolonged illumination, by observing spectrally modulated persistent spectral hole. We analyze the phase and contrast of the grating at different temperatures and obtain, for the first time to our knowledge, temperature dependence of Debye–Waller factor and phonon spectrum of two-photon transition of organic molecule in presence of large inhomogeneous broadening. We also study wavelength dependence of absolute two-photon absorption cross-section in a series of porphyrins and show that at some wavelengths in porphyrin B-band region the cross-section is resonantly enhanced by nearby one-photon allowed Q-transition. These experiments indicate that large organic molecules such as porphyrins are promising candidates for further investigation of multi-photon excitation of coherence.
Control of Glut1 promoter activity under basal conditions and in response to hyperosmolarity: role of Sp1.

We previously identified (Hwang DY and Ismail-Beigi F. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281: C1365–C1372, 2001) a 44-bp GC-rich segment of the rat proximal glucose transporter (Glut)1 promoter, located at...
Defeating Internet attacks using risk awareness and active honeypots

New forms of Internet attacks, such as SQL Slammer, have become increasingly sophisticated. Although coded in a simple way, the SQL Slammer worm propagated all over the world at an extremely high speed in a short period of time, rendering it impossible for humans to counter it using manual intervention. Here, we propose a security framework called Japonica to detect and respond to unknown attacks at the early stage through the dynamic orchestration of prevention, detection, and response mechanisms. We identify important requirements to support the proposed framework and corresponding system entities. Also, we describe our model using colored Petri nets to discover a uniform message exchange format among the entities. One unique characteristic of Japonica is an active response coordinator and we demonstrate its feasibility in a proof-of-concept prototype, utilizing a honeypot as an active entity. Our results indicate that Japonica can successfully prevent the spread of SQL Slammer without human intervention. We are currently extending the framework to counter other forms of sophisticated Internet attacks.
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique: A multicenter study of 4832 patients in China

Between November 1985 and January 1994, 4832 patients with rheumatc mitral stenosis from 120 medical centers in China underwent PBMV by the Inoue technic. There were 1440 mena and 3392 women with a mean age of 36.8 ± 12.3 years. The procedure success rate was 99.30%. Major complications included death in 0.12%, ≤ 3 + 4 + mitral regurgitation in 1.41%, cardiac tamponade in 0.81%, and thromboembolism in 0.48%. After PBMV, the mean left atrial pressure decreased from 26.2 ± 7.6 mm Hg to 11.4 ± 6.1 mm Hg (p < 0.001); mean mitral diastolic gradient decreased from 18.3 ± 5.1 mm Hg to 5.4 ± 8.8 mm Hg (p = < 0.001). Functional status was NYH class IV in 5.6%, class III in 38.8%, class II in 55.5%, and class I in 0.1% of patients before PBMV and improved to class I in 75.8%, class II in 23%, and class III in 1.2% after PBMV. The rate of restenosis was 5.2% over a follow-up period of 32.2 ± 14.2 months in the entire group and 4.6% over a follow-up period of 5.1 ± 1.0 years in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, where PBMV was begun in China. Thus PBMV by the Inoue technique is a safe and effective nonsurgical method of treatment for symptomatic metral stenosis and has long-lasting results.
The Henry ford production system: effective reduction of process defects and waste in surgical pathology.

By adopting a cultural transformation in its employees’ approach to work and using manufacturingbased continuous quality improvement methods, the surgical pathology division of Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, focused on reducing commonly encountered defects and waste in processes throughout the testing cycle. At inception, the baseline in-process defect rate was measured at nearly 1 in 3 cases (27.9%). After the year-long efforts of 77 workers implementing more than 100 process improvements, the number of cases with defects was reduced by 55% to 1 in 8 cases (12.5%), with a statistically significant reduction in the overall distribution of defects (P = .0004). Comparison with defects encountered in the preimprovement period showed statistically significant reductions in preanalytic (P = .0007) and analytic (P = .0002) test phase processes in the postimprovement period that included specimen receipt, specimen accessioning, grossing, histology slides, and slide recuts. We share the key improvements implemented that were responsible for the overall success in reducing waste and rework in the broad spectrum of surgical pathology processes.
The Los Angeles Riot of August 1965

This paper provides a sociological analysis and explanation for the causes and course of the Los Angeles riot. Among causes, special emphasis is placed on the state of police-Negro relations in the years preceding the riot. The widespread belief in police brutality structured the perceptions and reactions of the crowd present at the precipitating incident. Both the conspiracy and criminal-hoodlum theory of riot participation are discarded in view of the evidence. The riot is seen as a massive, violent, lower-class, Negro outburst which stopped short of being an insurrection. The magnitude and duration of the riot are explained with reference to ecology, communications, and the law-enforcement tactics used. The view that riot behavior and motivation were an irrational, unfocused, and destructive orgy against authority carried out by an amorphous mass is questioned. Rational and normative components of riot behavior and group activity during the rioting are described.
The US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project – An introduction

The field data collected as part of the international Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) provide an unprecedented view of marine biogeochemistry and the ocean carbon cycle. Following the completion of a series of regional process studies, a global CO2 survey, and a decade of sampling at two open-ocean timeseries, US JGOFS initiated in 1997 a final research phase, the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP). The objective of the US JGOFS SMP is to ‘‘synthesize knowledge gained from the US JGOFS and related studies into a set of models that reflect our current understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle’’. Here we present an overview of the SMP and highlight the early scientific results from the project. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Angle of arrival estimation in the presence of multiple access interference for CDMA cellular phone systems

In code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular phone systems, such as those using the IS-95 standard, multiple users produce cochannel multiple access interference (MAI). In this paper adaptive time-domain interference mitigation techniques are developed and applied to the angle of arrival (AOA) estimation problem. This interference mitigation approach is motivated by a maximum likelihood formulation of multiuser space-time channel estimation. This approach is exercised using experimental data approximating that which might be experienced by an emergency response vehicle attempting to locate the source of an emergency 911 call using a vehicle-mounted antenna array. In this multiuser environment the users span a large range of received powers.
Implementing the Final Solution: The Ordinary Regulating of the Extraordinary

The implementation of the Final Solution is discussed in terms of the divergent interpretations characteristic of the “functionalists” and the “intentionalists.” The routines of two sets of implementors are described: the mass liquidations perpetrated by the Einsatzgruppen an the “barbaric-civil orderliness” of the bureaucrats carrying out the deportation of the German Jews. In the final section, Lifton's concept of the medicalization of the killings is introduced, with attention also to his thoughts on “doubling” and the extension of his concerns “beyond Auschwitz” to the sphere of nuclear catastrophe.
The Stress Relaxation of Fibrous Materials I. Instrumentation and Preliminary Results

An apparatus has been built to study the relaxation behavior of wool, silk, and nylon as a function of reagent temperature, concentration, and hydrogen ion concentration. In distilled water all three materials show the same behavior over most of the time range studied—that is, a gradual relaxation of perhaps one-third of the initial stress, attributable in all likelihood to the destruction of hydrogen bonds. When the water is replaced by sodium bisulfite solution at pH 6.5, the rate of stress relaxation of wool keratin increases markedly. This change is at tributed to the scission of the disulfide cross-links in this material by the sulfite ion, in view of the finding that silk and nylon, which are free of cystine, are not affected by sodium bisulfite.Further experiments on wool have been made to show the effects of solutions of hydrochloric acid, urea, thioglycolic acid, and cysteine. The addition of 0.1M HCl to an extended fiber re laxing in water produces a sharp drop in the stress; but the stress retu...
Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression of the human eHAND gene.

Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, F1310 MCHC/Box 0204, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0204, USA National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Increased serum levels of L-arginine in ulcerative colitis and correlation with disease severity.

Background: L-arginine (L-Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid that is the substrate for both nitric oxide and polyamine synthesis. Cellular uptake of L-Arg is an active transport process that is subject to competitive inhibition by L-ornithine (L-Orn) and L-lysine (L-Lys). We investigated L-Arg utilization in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Serum was collected from 14 normal controls and 22 UC patients with pancolitis of moderate or severe activity by histopathology score. The Mayo Disease Activity Index (DAI) and endoscopy subscore were assessed. Serum amino acid levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Arginine availability index (AAI) was defined as [L-Arg]/([L-Orn] + [L-Lys]). Results: Serum L-Arg levels were significantly associated with histopathologic grade (P = 0.001). L-Arg levels were increased in subjects with severe colitis when compared to those with moderate colitis or normal mucosa. L-Orn + L-Lys levels were also increased in severe colitis, so that AAI was not significantly increased. L-Arg levels were also strongly associated with the endoscopy subscore (P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between DAI and L-Arg levels (r = 0.656, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum L-Arg levels correlate with UC disease severity but availability is not increased due to competitive inhibition by L-Orn and L-Lys. Our findings suggest that L-Arg uptake by cells in the inflamed colon is defective, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. Studies delineating the mechanism of uptake inhibition could enhance our understanding of UC or lead to novel treatment options. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010
Reply to “Methodological and Interpretative Issues regarding the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory — Hypnotic Assessment Procedure: A Comment on Pekala et al. (2010a, 2010b)”

Abstract Terhune and Cardena review and comment on two recent papers by Pekala et al. (2010a,b). These papers “attempt to integrate diverse facets of hypnotic responding and reconcile seemingly competing accounts of hypnosis” (Terhune & Cardena, 2010, p. 105) by the “complementary use of phenomenological and hypnotic suggestibility measures” (p. 105) in an attempt to develop a measure of hypnotic responsivity which, I believe, is clinically viable. Although Terhune and Cardena “applaud their [Pekala et al.'s] complementary use of phenomenological and hypnotic suggestibility measures” (p. 105), they suggest that Pekala et al. “have sacrificed too much, resulting in a measure with a number of important shortcomings whose empirical utility is questionable” (p. 105). Although many of their comments are justified, the PCI-HAP was developed to be used in a clinical private practice setting which often restricts the use of other tools due to time constraints. Furthermore, the phenomenological “richness” of this ...
Control of Host Gene Expression by a Herpesvirus Transcription Factor

Herpes simplex virus and other alpha-herpesviruses encode a transcription factor, VP16, able to activate expression of genes containing its binding site (TAATGARAT) in the promoter region. VP16 protein is present inside the infectious virion and it enters the host cell with the virus nucleocapsid. Once inside the cell, VP16 is able to cause the prompt expression of virus genes adjacent to its binding sites. I have examined the possibility that host gene expression may have the potential to be affected by the presence of VP16, a situation that could have important effects on alpha-herpesvirus replication. Bioinformatic methods were used to examine five human genome regions (each 16-73Mb in length) for the presence of genes with upstream TAATGARAT sequences. A total of fourteen characterized genes were identified indicating VP16 has the potential to activate their expression. The identified genes varied considerably in function, and did not appear to support a common theme or goal. The presence of an upstream TAATGARAT sequence was found to be well conserved in the homologous genes of chimpanzee where 11 of 14 homologous genes had upstream TAATGARAT’s. Conservation was poor, however, in three other species examined, mouse (2 of 14 genes), horse (2) and chicken (1). The observed pattern of conservation is interpreted to suggest that alpha-herpesviruses evolved the ability to benefit from expression of TAATGARAT-containing host genes and that this process was complete at or before the time chimpanzees and humans diverged evolutionarily (~7Mya).
Characterization of Fuel Composition Effects in H2/CO/CH4 Mixtures Upon Lean Blowout

This paper describes measurements of the dependence of lean blowout limits upon fuel composition for H2 /CO/CH4 mixtures. Blowout limits were obtained at fixed approach flow velocity, reactant temperature, and combustor pressure at several conditions up to 4.4 atm and 470 K inlet reactants temperature. Consistent with prior studies, these results indicate that the percentage of H2 in the fuel dominates the mixture blowoff characteristics. That is, flames can be stabilized at lower equivalence ratios, adiabatic flame temperatures, and laminar flame speeds with increasing H2 percentage. Various methods of correlating these data were evaluated, using combinations of Lewis number (Lemix ), adiabatic flame temperature (Tad ), flame speed (SL ), and chemical time (τchem ). These correlations clearly indicate the significance of the mixture diffusivity, heat content, and flame propagation speed upon blowout characteristics across a wide fuel spectrum. Two basic models of flame stabilization discussed in the literature were evaluated — a well-stirred reactor based approach that considers the ratio of chemical and flow times, and a propagative mechanism that considers the ratio of flame and flow speed. Both mechanisms were able to correlate some, but not all segments of the data set.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Occupational Attainment Delays Cognitive Decline in Frontotemporal Degeneration (P5.008)

OBJECTIVE: Examine the impact of occupational attainment on cognitive decline among frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) patients. BACKGROUND: Higher occupational attainment appears to be a protective factor delaying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset. Specifically, the cognitive reserve hypothesis predicts that individuals who were professionals are better able to cope with their disease and delay observable onset relative to non-professionals, despite equal amounts of underlying neurodegeneration. Few studies have investigated the role of cognitive reserve in FTD. This is pathologically distinct from AD and is associated with frontal disease that may limit professionals’ access to compensatory resources early in the disease. We report analysis of verbal letter fluency (FAS), and investigate whether rate of decline is affected by occupational attainment in FTD. DESIGN/METHODS: We studied 294 clinically-diagnosed FTD patients (mean baseline age=64.5+/- 9.0 years, 58.5[percnt] male) with 511 FAS observations since initial evaluations. Patients were categorically-defined as professionals or non-professionals. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated the interaction of FAS performance changes with professional status. RESULTS: We found a significant occupation by time interaction (F[1,216]=14.92; p=0.0001) for declining performance on FAS. Non-professionals declined at a rate of 0.917 FAS-words per year, while professionals declined at a rate of 3.107 FAS-words per year. A follow-up analysis including a factor for phenotype (bvFTD, PPA, CBS/PSP) did not reveal a significant interaction with time and occupation (p=0.30), suggesting that rate of decline on FAS is independent of phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with a cognitive reserve hypothesis suggesting that higher occupational attainment is associated with more rapid decline in FTD. Limited access to compensatory resources may result in apparently earlier emergence of difficulties in professionals and statistically prolonged clinical course. In the context of emerging clinical trials, researchers should stratify for occupational attainment when evaluating longitudinal outcomes. Study supported by: AG017586, AG032953, NS044266, AG043503, A6046499, and Wyncote Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Rennert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Massimo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rascovsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has nothing to disclose.
Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Compete in Producing Tissue Compositions and Tissue Responses

ABSTRACT Serious food-related health disorders may be prevented by recognizing the molecular processes that connect the dietary intake of vitamin-like fatty acids to tissue accumulation of precursors of potent hormone-like compounds that cause harmful tissue responses. Conversion of dietary 18-carbon omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to tissue 20- and 22-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) is catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes that allow different types of fatty acid to compete among each other for accumulation in tissue HUFA. As a result, food choices strongly influence the types of accumulated tissue HUFA. However, the conversion of tissue HUFA to active hormones and their receptor-mediated actions occurs with discriminating enzymes and receptors that give more intense responses for the omega-6 and omega-3 hormones. Undesired chronic health disorders, which are made worse by excessive omega-6 hormone actions, can be prevented by eating more omega-3 fats, less omega-6 fats, and fewe...
Empathy-Related Responding and Its Relations to Socioemotional Development

Empathy-related responding relates to a variety of socioemotional outcomes for children. However, for a coherent pattern to emerge, it has been important to differentiate among various empathy-related reactions, including empathy, concern, and personal distress. Sympathy, in particular, has been associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior, whereas personal distress reactions tend to be negatively or unrelated to prosocial behavior. Sympathy and empathy also have been positively related to children’s prosocial moral reasoning and socially competent behavior, and negatively related to externalizing problems. Individual differences in self-regulation, as well as socialization experiences, also have been associated with children’s sympathy vs. personal distress responses.