cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural Processes in the Human Temporoparietal Cortex Separated by Localized Independent Component Analysis

The human temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a topic of intense research. Imaging studies have identified TPJ activation in association with many higher-order functions such as theory-of-mind, episodic memory, and attention, causing debate about the distribution of different processes. One major challenge is the lack of consensus about the anatomical location and extent of the TPJ. Here, we address this problem using data-driven analysis to test the hypothesis that the bilateral TPJ can be parcellated into subregions. We applied independent component analysis (ICA) to task-free fMRI data within a local region around the bilateral TPJ, iterating the ICA at multiple model orders and in several datasets. The localized analysis allowed finer separation of processes and the use of multiple dimensionalities provided qualitative information about lateralization. We identified four subdivisions that were bilaterally symmetrical and one that was right biased. To test whether the independent components (ICs) reflected true subdivisions, we performed functional connectivity analysis using the IC coordinates as seeds. This confirmed that the subdivisions belonged to distinct networks. The right-biased IC was connected with a network often associated with attentional processing. One bilateral subdivision was connected to sensorimotor regions and another was connected to auditory regions. One subdivision that presented as distinct left- and right-biased ICs was connected to frontoparietal regions. Another subdivision that also had left- and right-biased ICs was connected to social or default mode networks. Our results show that the TPJ in both hemispheres hosts multiple neural processes with connectivity patterns consistent with well developed specialization and lateralization.
X-ray studies of quasars and active galaxies with the Einstein Observatory

Preliminary results of the first six months of an X-ray survey of active galaxies and quasars performed with the imaging proportional counter on board the Einstein Observatory are presented. Consideration is given to detections of Seyfert galaxies, N galaxies, BL Lac objects and quasars, and properties of selected representative objects are discussed in detail. The statistical properties, including class averages and correlation coefficients, of the various X-ray active galaxies are calculated in an attempt to determine the relation of X-ray properties to the similarities and differences between the various classes of galaxies. Evidence is obtained for a continuity of high-energy behavior among all active galaxies, and it is noted that they all exhibit flux variability, often on a short time scale. The soft X-ray emission can be explained in terms of the synchrotron self-Compton model, or alternatively by thermal emission from hot gas. A significant correlation is obtained between the X-ray and optical fluxes for all objects considered, indicating that optical quasar counts may be used to infer the contribution of quasars to the diffuse X-ray background.
Seasonal detection rates of river otters (Lontra canadensis) using bridge-site and random-site surveys

Randomization of survey sites is generally desired because of its unbiased approach, but is often abandoned because of logistical constraints. This is true for river otters (Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)), with bridges commonly determining survey locations. We conducted seasonal sign surveys for river otters on two rivers in southern Missouri, USA, using randomized survey points and fixed bridge-crossing points in 2001–2003. Otter sign was more likely to be detected at randomized sites than at bridge sites in summer (P < 0.0001), with sign being detected on 68% of visits to random sites (n = 348) and on 40% of visits to bridge sites (n = 60). Scat abundance was higher (P = 0.0001) at random sites (8.82 ± 0.6, mean ± SE) than at bridge sites (3.96 ± 1.0) during the summer. Similar but nonsignificant trends were found during the winter. Detection probabilities were significantly higher at random sites than at bridge sites in both seasons. Our results indicate that surveys of bridge sites for river otte...
Nurse‐pharmacist collaboration on medication reconciliation prevents potential harm

BACKGROUND: Medication reconciliation can prevent some adverse drug events (ADEs). Our prospective study explored whether an easily replicable nurse-pharmacist led medication reconciliation process could efficiently and inexpensively prevent potential ADEs. METHODS: Nurses at a 1000 bed urban, tertiary care hospital developed the home medication list (HML) through patient interview. If a patient was not able to provide a written HML or recall medications, the nurses reviewed the electronic record along with other sources. The nurses then compared the HML to the patient's active inpatient medications and judged whether the discrepancies were intentional or potentially unintentional. This was repeated at discharge as well. If the prescriber changed the order when contacted about a potential unintentional discrepancy, it was categorized as unintentional and rated on a 1-3 potential harm scale. RESULTS: The study included 563 patients. HML information gathering averaged 29 minutes. Two hundred twenty-five patients (40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-44%) had at least 1 unintended discrepancy on admission or discharge. One hundred sixty-two of the 225 patients had an unintended discrepancy ranked 2 or 3 on the harm scale. It cost $113.64 to find 1 potentially harmful discrepancy. Based on the 2008 cost of an ADE, preventing 1 discrepancy in every 290 patient encounters would offset the intervention costs. We potentially averted 81 ADEs for every 290 patients. CONCLUSION: Potentially harmful medication discrepancies occurred frequently at both admission and discharge. A nurse-pharmacist collaboration allowed many discrepancies to be reconciled before causing harm. The collaboration was efficient and cost-effective, and the process potentially improves patient safety. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Edward Said and the Religious Effects of Culture: The religious effects of culture: imperialism

It is quite clear which color is a hundred times more important for a genealogist than blue: namely grey, which is to say, that which can be documented, which can actually be confirmed and has actually existed, in short, the whole, long, hard–to–decipher hieroglyphic script of man's moral past! (Friedrich Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morality , pp. 8–9) Genealogy does not oppose itself to history as the lofty and profound gaze of the philosopher might compare to the molelike perspective of the scholar; on the contrary, it rejects the metahistorical deployment of ideal significations and indefinite teleologies. It opposes itself to the search for “origins.” (Michel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice , p. 140) I have found it useful here to employ Michel Foucault's notion of a discourse, as described by him in The Archaeology of Knowledge and in Discipline and Punish, to identify Orientalism. My contention is that without examining Orientalism as a discourse one cannot possibly understand the enormously systematic discipline by which European culture was able to manage – and even produce – the Orient politically, sociologically, militarily, ideologically, scientifically, and imaginatively during the post-Enlightenment period. (Edward Said, Orientalism , p. 3)
Massive terrestrial planets (super-Earths): detailed physics of their interiors

Planets in the mass range of 1–12 Earth masses do not exist in our Solar System, but now there is direct evidence that they orbit other stars. Near-future experiments will allow determination of their masses and radii with 5–10% uncertainty, their host star composition and age and, in some cases, planetary atmosphere properties. Current theoretical models will be capable of producing a limited and well-defined family of solutions for such planets (with no H–He envelopes) at the 2% level. This will allow us to understand the physical properties of super-Earths as a class provided we discover a large enough sample and preferably around small stars.
Comparing capacitive and LC compensators for power factor correction and voltage harmonic reduction

Abstract Capacitors designed for compensation of local loads may inadvertently serve as series LC filters for harmonic currents injected by nonlinear loads at remote points in a distribution system. This may cause unexpected voltage harmonic distortion, even at loads which do not themselves produce harmonics. The problem is made more difficult by the fact that system harmonic impendance is constantly changing, causing intermittent resonance between source impendance and compensating capacitor. The remedy explored in this paper is insertion of a reactor in series with the local compensating capacitor. The reactor must be chosen to minimize voltage distortion at the bus while holding the fundamental power factor (displacement factor) at a desired value. The size and corresponding cost of compensating equipment must be constrained. Plots of simulation tests show that a series reactor may provide a more cost effective remedy for voltage harmonics than merely detuning the original pure capacitive compensation.
Electrohydrodynamic linear stability of two immiscible fluids in channel flow

The electrohydrodynamic instability of the interface between two viscous fluids with different electrical properties in plane Poiseuille flow has recently found applications in mixing and droplet formation in microfluidic devices. In this paper, we perform the stability analysis in the case where the fluids are assumed to be leaky dielectrics. The two-layer system is subjected to an electric field normal to the interface between the two fluids. We make no assumption on the magnitude of the ratio of fluid to electric time scales, and thus solve the full conservation equation for the interfacial charge. The electric field is found to be either stabilizing or destabilizing, and the influence of the various parameters of the problem on the interface stability is thoroughly analyzed.
Some improvements on the synchronized-overlap-add method of time scale modification for use in real-time speech compression and noise filtering

The synchronized-overlap-add (SOLA) method of time-scale modification has proven to be a useful technique for speech compression, both alone and when cascaded with other methods. The authors present a modification of the method which, while costing approximately 3% in compression ratio, increases the computation speed of the method by 30% and results in much higher quality transmission. They also show how the method can be used as a correlation filter for removing white noise from speech. >
Innate healing in the fetal sheep model of myelomeningocele: A standardized defect grading system

Abstract Background/Purpose The fetal sheep model of myelomeningocele (MMC) is well-established. While the variability of innate fetal healing of the defect at the time of the repair operation has been acknowledged, it remains poorly described. We characterized the healing within the fetal sheep MMC model and present a standardized defect grading system. Methods Forty-three fetuses underwent surgical MMC creation at a gestational age of 75days and repair at 100days. Defects were graded based on percentage of exposed spinal cord and degree of scarring. A scale was developed and validated by interrater reliability testing. Results The phenotypic appearance of the defect at the time of the repair operation was highly variable. The defect length ranged from 3.0 to 5.5cm. Three spinal cords remained fully exposed across their length; 18 were completely covered in fibrinous exudate. Twenty-two fetuses demonstrated varying degrees of open spinal cord. Interrater reliability revealed consistent grades 91% of the time. Conclusion Despite consistent defect creation, the fetal MMC defect has a wide spectrum of appearance at the time of the second surgery. This study describes the innate fetal healing within the model and presents a feasible and valid grading scale to ensure scientific rigor within the model.
Applications of superconductivity to electric power equipment

Abstract A brief survey is presented of the potential applications of superconductive devices to electric power systems. Areas of principal interest include high-capacity transmission, energy storage, and power generation by rotating machinery, magneto-hydrodynamics and nuclear fusion. Some elements of superconductivity are discussed, including the properties of appropriate materials; these superconductive devices vis-a-vis the conventional counterparts in terms of reduction of power losses, decreased weight and size, and increased current capacity. An assessment is made of the time frame and the possibilities for introduction of superconductive devices into power systems.
Do thalamic regions which project to rostral primate motor cortex receive spinothalamic input

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether spinal pathways terminate in regions of the primate thalamus which project directly to the motor cortex. In order to examine this issue we employed a ‘double labeling’ procedure which utilized transport of both anterograde and retrograde tracers in the same macaque. One tracer substance was injected into the cervical spinal cord and the other was injected into the rostral zone of primary motor cortex. We observed no overlap of spinothalamic terminations and thalamic regions which project to the motor cortex. Thus, our results provide no anatomical support for a direct thalamic relay of peripheral afferent input to the motor cortex of primates.
Physical optics and GTD time-domain scattering from a finite PEC cylinder with one end open and one end closed

Expressions for time-domain (TD) scattered fields from a finite perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) cylinder with one end open and one end closed have been obtained using time-domain physical optics (TDPO) and time-domain geometrical theory of diffraction (TDGTD). The TDGTD coefficient according to Veruttipong has been used to calculate the TDGTD scattered fields. Important results including a comparison of the TDPO and TDGTD results are discussed. Some closed-end scattering results of the cylinder have been compared with Dominek's recent investigations on disk scattering and are found to agree. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computation of compressible quasi-axisymmetric slender vortex flow and breakdown

The unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations are used to compute and analyze compressible quasi-axisymmetric isolated vortices. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an implicit, upwind, flux difference splitting finite volume scheme. The developed three dimensional solver was verified by comparing its solution profiles with those of a slender, quasi-axisymmetric vortex solver for a subsonic, quasi-axisymmetric vortex in an unbounded domain. The Navier-Stokes solver is then used to solve for a supersonic, quasi-axisymmetric vortex flow in a configured circular duct. Steady and unsteady vortex-shock interactions and breakdown were captured. The problem was also calculated using the Euler solver of the same code; the results were compared with those of the Navier-Stokes solver. The effect of the initial swirl was investigated.
Patterns of age-0 yellow perch growth, diets, and mortality in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron

Abstract Identifying mechanisms influencing early-life survival may elucidate recruitment variability of fish populations. Yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), are economically and ecologically important in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, but have recently experienced low recruitment despite strong production of age-0 fish. Recent year classes have been characterized by slow first-year growth, as indexed by fall size of age-0 yellow perch; however, seasonal growth patterns and accompanying diet and survivorship patterns have not been documented for age-0 yellow perch in Saginaw Bay. To this end, we collected age-0 yellow perch weekly (larvae) and monthly (juveniles) throughout the first year of life during 2009 and 2010 to track changes in growth and diet composition. We also evaluated predation and over-winter energy-loss as potential mechanisms of size-selective mortality. Yellow perch growth, energy accumulation and size-specific condition decreased during late summer and fall. During larval and juvenile stages, predominant components of yellow perch diets transitioned from copepods to Daphnia and other zooplankton; however, we observed only weak ontogenetic shifts toward benthic prey. Smaller yellow perch a) were preferentially preyed upon by walleye (the bay's main piscivore) and b) displayed lower mass-specific energy content, potentially increasing overwinter starvation risk, suggesting that slow growth increases mortality risk. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that recruitment dynamics are influenced by an interplay of size-selective mortality and diet-induced reductions in growth.
The Influence of Personal Activities on Exposure to Volatile Organic-Compounds

Seven persons volunteered to perform 25 common activities thought to increase personal exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) during a 3-day monitoring period. Personal, indoor, and outdoor air samples were collected on Tenax cartridges three times per day (evening, overnight, and daytime) and analyzed by GC-MS for 17 target VOCs. Samples of exhaled breath were also collected before and after each monitoring period. About 20 activities resulted in increasing exposure to one or more of the target VOCs, often by factors of 10, sometimes by factors of 100, compared to exposures during the sleep period. These concentrations were far above the highest observed outdoor concentrations during the length of the study. Breath levels were often significantly correlated with previous personal exposures. Major exposures were associated with use of deodorizers (p-dichlorobenzene); washing clothes and dishes (chloroform); visiting a dry cleaners (1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene); smoking (benzene, styrene); cleaning a car engine (xylenes, ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene); painting and using paint remover (n-decane, n-undecane); and working in a scientific laboratory (many VOCs). Continuously elevated indoor air levels of p-dichlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, decane, and undecane were noted in several homes and attributed to unknown indoor sources. Measurements of exhaled breath suggested biological residence times in tissue of 12-18 hr and 20-30 hr for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and p-dichlorobenzene, respectively.
Formulation of a dimensionless overlap fraction to account for spectrally distributed interactions in fluorescence studies.

An overlap term is used in fluorescence theory to account for the spectrally distributed interaction between laser radiation and molecular transitions. We present a dimensionless overlap fraction formulation. Compared with the more common dimensional overlap term [in units of inverse wave number (1/cm−1)], this form of expression of the interaction between a laser and an absorption transition has a much more practical interpretation and simplifies the equations that describe fluorescence measurements.
Design concepts for fiber-metal matrix composites for advanced gas turbine blades

Fiber-metal matrix composites for gas turbine blades, discussing stress rupture strength, modulus of elasticity, fabrication, etc
New Age Capitalism: Making Money East of Eden

New Age Capitalism: Making Money East of Eden. Kimberly Lau. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 178 pp., bibliography, notes, index.
The Zheng He dilemma: Language identification and automatic indexing

Abstract Proper names present special problems not only for theories of language but also for indexing and language identification, whether performed by human or mechanical agents, especially so when the names may also be understood otherwise than as names. The problem is compounded in the case of transliterated text and multilingual publications. If the indexer cannot understand the meaning of the text – whether name, phrase or sentence – a heuristic decision process cannot decide amongst various possibilities.
Resting Electromyographic Triceps Surae Activity and Tonic Vibration Reflexes in Subjects with High and Average-Low Maximum Oxygen Uptake Capacities

(1987). Resting Electromyographic Triceps Surae Activity and Tonic Vibration Reflexes in Subjects with High and Average-Low Maximum Oxygen Uptake Capacities. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 280-285.
Influence of selected reinforcers on the cardiorespiratory exercise behavior of profoundly mentally retarded youth.

6 profoundly mentally retarded youth were provided a 5-wk. stair-climbing program to improve cardiorespiratory fitness behavior. Three subjects were provided verbal plus food reinforcement and the ...
The low-resolution imaging spectrograph red channel CCD upgrade: fully depleted, high-resistivity CCDs for Keck

A mosaic of two 2k x 4k fully depleted, high resistivity CCD detectors was installed in the red channel of the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph for the Keck-I Telescope in June, 2009 replacing a monolithic Tektronix/SITe 2k x 2k CCD. These CCDs were fabricated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and packaged and characterized by UCO/Lick Observatory. Major goals of the detector upgrade were increased throughput and reduced interference fringing at wavelengths beyond 800 nm, as well as improvements in the maintainability and serviceability of the instrument. We report on the main features of the design, the results of optimizing detector performance during integration and testing, as well as the throughput, sensitivity and performance of the instrument as characterized during commissioning.
Thin films from 96% quinoline

Films from 96% quinoline and from 96% quinoline with poly(1,4-cyclohexylene carbonate), mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester, and Pd(II)mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester have been cast via heating and subsequent evaporation. The films are approximately 3 μm thick, with a maximum variation normal to the surface of 0.10 μm in 2 mm of surface travel. The optical quality of the samples formed from 96% quinoline alone is excellent and variable from the 96% quinoline/solute combinations. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these materials have been examined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vasopressor Material in Experimental Renal Hypertension

Transfer of blood from rats with acute renal hypertension to normal recipient rats demonstrated that a vasopressor substance was present in the circulation of the hypertensive animals. This is consistent with the view that a humoral mechanism plays a role in the origin of the hypertension. In contrast to the acute stage, no vasoactive material could be demonstrated in the blood after the second week of hypertension. Either the amount of pressor substance was too small to detect or none was being produced. In the latter case, chronic renal hypertension cannot be attributed to a humoral mechanism.
Molecular Size, pH, Temperature Stability, and Ontogeny of Inhibitor(s) of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) in Normal Rainbow Trout Serum

Abstract In this study, we investigated the characteristics of inhibitor(s) of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) found in the serum of normal rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RTS). The molecular size, stability to pH and temperature, and ontogeny of the inhibitor in trout were studied, and the effect of cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the activity of the inhibitor was tested. The strongest inhibition of virus was obtained at approximately 150 kDa as measured by ultracentrifugation, sieve gel chromatography, and ultrafiltration. The inhibition decreased significantly when RTS was dialyzed or filtered in the absence of divalent cations, but replacement of at least one cation restored activity. Activity was stable at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 50°C, but 55°C completely destroyed the inhibitory capacity of RTS. The inhibitory activity of RTS was not reduced between pH 4 and 10 but was diminished below pH 4 and above pH 10; such activity was not abrogated by proteases. Additionally, pretreatment ...
Using Self-Regulation Theory to Inform Technology-Based Behavior Change Interventions

Research geared toward technology use to promote health-related behaviors has been rapidly expanding, yet evidence regarding the effectiveness of the proposed interventions is inconclusive. The proposed study builds on self-regulation theory, persuasive system design model, and task-technology fit model to propose design guidelines essential for translating intentions to engage in a desired health-related behavior into actual behavior. The current study proposes that mobile applications will have stronger potential to support their users in executing users' intended health-related behaviors if the applications are designed to (i) monitor and provide feedback to users about the discrepancy between their current and desired levels of behavior, (ii) encourage users to change their behavior, and facilitate the selection of strategies needed to execute the targeted changes, and (iii) ease the execution of selected strategies. The potential implications of the proposed guidelines for practice and research will be discussed.
Colocalization of NOS and SOD1 in neurofilament accumulation within motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunohistochemical study.

Abstract Peroxynitrite, formed from nitric oxide and superoxide, may affect neurofilament assembly and cause neurofilament accumulation in motoneurons. This hypothesis may reconcile the mutations of two genes: superoxide dismutase-1 in some patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the gene for the heavy neurofilament in some patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis previously reported. We found colocalization of superoxide dismutase-1 and nitric oxide synthase in the foci of neurofilament accumulation as ‘conglomerates’ in upper motor neurons and ‘axonal spheroids’ in lower motor neurons. In addition, all the specific molecules related to the reactions, including calmodulin, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine-monophosphate, citrulline, and nitrotyrosine were found strongly immunopositive in the site of neurofilament accumulation. Our data support the view that the neurofilament aggregates are tightly linked with superoxide dismutase-1 and nitric oxide synthase activities. Both enzymes may focally contribute to peroxynitrite formation at light neurofilament, which is rich in both tyrosine and arginine residues and hence considered as the vulnerable site for nitrotyrosine formation. Nitrotyrosine is known to inhibit phosphorylation and if it impairs phosphorylation of neurofilament subunits, either light or heavy, may alter the slow axonal transport culminating in proximo-distal accumulation of NF and slowly progressive motoneuron death.
Effects of prazosin on blood pressure and diabetic control in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and mild essential hypertension.

Abstract The effects of prazosin treatment on blood pressure and diabetic control were assessed in 22 patients with stable non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. After an initial six-week baseline period, patients were titrated to optimal therapeutic doses of prazosin (mean daily dose, 12.9 ± 6.5 mg). Both sitting and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased (p = 0.01) with prazosin therapy from a mean of 15299 mm Hg sitting and 14499 mm Hg standing to a mean of 13984 mm Hg and 13385 mm Hg, respectively, at the end of titration and throughout the 12-week prazosin maintenance therapy period. Seventy-seven percent of patients achieved the goal sitting diastolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg or less. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were not significantly altered during prazosin therapy compared with baseline measurements. Diabetic control and renal function were maintained during prazosin treatment with no significant changes from baseline noted. No unexpected adverse experiences were reported. In summary, prazosin treatment effectively reduced blood pressure without compromising diabetic control or renal function in this group of hypertensive patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus.
Tyrosine Kinase-Specific Motif at Subdomain VIII Does Not Confer Specificity for Tyrosine

The majority of protein kinases fall within one of the two broad classes, kinases that phosphorylate serine or threonine and kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine. The structural basis that confers residue specificity is not known. However, it has been hypothesized that a region in subdomain VIII of the catalytic domain may be involved in determining kinase specificity. This region contains a motif which is conserved among serine/threonine kinases and different from the one conserved among tyrosine kinases. We have prepared a chimera of the tyrosine kinase pp56lck in which the tyrosine kinase motif at subdomain VIII has been exchanged for the corresponding region of the serine/threonine kinase c-Raf. Our results indicate that this motif itself does not confer amino acid specificity since the chimeric kinase still displays specificity for tyrosine.
An Analytical Comparison of Various Influential Models of China’s Future Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Role

Projections regarding future energy consumption and carbon emissions are crucial when the aim is to design policy for global emissions control. What is the different models’ take on the projections for global emissions and, in particular, China’s role in the global picture? Do they anticipate similar results? If not, why are the results different? What key parameters do they use, and how do they affect the final findings? This Article attempts to answer these questions and, starting from there, to further analyze what it means for the challenge of China’s future emissions reduction potential and for the overall goal of global emissions reduction.
*NO, RSNO, ONOO-, NO+, *NOO, NOx--dynamic regulation of oxidant scavenging, nitric oxide stores, and cyclic GMP-independent cell signaling.

Following its release from nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide seldom perfuses the cytosol; rather this reactive mediator quickly interacts with available target molecules proximate to its site of release. Within the cell, virtually every component, low-molecular-weight oxidants and reductants, proteins, lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids can be modified by nitrogen oxides thus acting as potential targets for reactive nitrogen oxides. Adducts formed by nitrogen oxides often modulate the cellular activities of the target molecules, and these modified molecules may be differentially metabolized or localized. The formation of nitrogen oxide adducts can be a reversible process, and the reactive nitrogen species released may be specifically oxidized or reduced during the process. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that reversible nitration of cellular proteins acts to transduce molecular signals regulating such diverse processes as muscle contraction, neurotransmission, protein metabolism, and apoptos...
A Software Defined Radio Based Adaptive Interference Avoidance TDCS Cognitive Radio

In this paper, we implement and demonstrate an adaptive interference avoidance TDCS (Transform-domain Communication System) based cognitive radio via software defined radio implementation. By dynamically notching the occupied bands prior to applying IDFT, the designed cognitive radio communicates without interference to primary users and from primary users, as well as provides coexistence between primary users and secondary users. The designed system applies GNU software radio as the platform, and USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) as the hardware solution. This cognitive radio is capable of detecting primary users in real time and adaptively adjusting its transmission parameters to avoid interference to primary users. Additionally, we have demonstrated that when the primary user transmission changes, the cognitive radio dynamically adjusts its transmission accordingly. We have demonstrated seamless real time video transmission between two cognitive radio nodes, while avoiding interference from primary users and interference to primary users operating in the same spectrum.
Carbon Dioxide Limitation of Photosynthesis of Freshwater Phytoplankton1,2

ABSTRACT Photosynthetic uptake of H14CO3 − by phytoplankton in a small freshwater pond was measured on six different dates. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations did not limit the photosynthetic rates of these phytoplankton. Light intensity and CO2 concentrations did affect photosynthesis, with dissolved CO2 definitely limiting photosynthesis on two of the dates and possibly limiting it on a third date. CO2-limitation of photosynthesis occurred even in the presence of high concentrations of HCO3 − (2–3 mM) on days when there was a large standing crop of actively photosynthesizing phytoplankton.
Design and Outcomes of a Mothers In Motion Behavioral Intervention Pilot Study

Abstract Objective This paper describes the design and findings of a pilot Mothers In Motion (P-MIM) program. Design A randomized controlled trial that collected data via telephone interviews and finger stick at 3 time points: baseline and 2 and 8 months post-intervention. Setting Three Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) sites in southern Michigan. Participants One hundred and twenty nine overweight and obese African-American and white mothers, 18-34 years old. Intervention The 10-week, theory-based, culturally sensitive intervention messages were delivered via a series of 5 chapters on a DVD and complemented by 5 peer support group teleconferences. Main Outcome Measures Dietary fat, fruit, and vegetable intake; physical activity; stress; feelings; body weight; and blood glucose. Analysis General linear mixed model was applied to assess treatment effects across 2 and 8 months post-intervention. Results No significant effect sizes were found in primary and secondary outcome variables at 2 and 8 months post-intervention. However, changes in body weight and blood glucose showed apparent trends consistent with the study's hypotheses. Conclusions and Implications The P-MIM showed promise for preventing weight gain in low-income overweight and obese women. However, a larger experimental trial is warranted to determine the effectiveness of this intervention.
403: Preservation of Pulmonary Function by Inhaled Cyclosporine in Lung Transplant Recipients

ized either to treatment group A: Tac (0.01-0.03 mg/kg/d iv – 0.05-0.3 mg/kg/d po) or group B: CsA (1-3 mg/kg/d iv – 2-8 mg/kg/d po). Stratification for cystic fibrosis was performed. MMF (1-4 mg/d) was administered according to trough levels. No induction therapy was given. Intention to treat analysis was performed in switched patients. Results: There was no difference in demographic data between groups. 3 of 125 patients in the Tac group and 45 of 124 patients in the CsA group were switched to another immunosuppressive regimen. Data of 219 patients were available at time of abstract submission. 12 patients in the Tac group and 21 patients in the CsA group developed BOS (10.7% vs. 19.6%, p 0.066). Incidence of acute rejection was 66.9% in the Tac group and 72.9% in the CsA group (p 0.157). 1 and 3 year survival rates were not different (83.9% Tac vs. 86.9% CsA, p 0.7271 and 78.6% Tac vs. 81.3% CsA, p n.s.). Incidence of bacterial, viral and fungal infection and renal failure was similar in both groups (p n.s.). Conclusions: Both regimens have an excellent immunosuppressive potential and offer a similar safety profile with excellent one and three year survival rates. There was a clear trend towards less BOS in the Tac group. Number of acute rejections was similar in both groups as well as incidence of infections and renal failure. Final data of all 249 patients will be presented at the conference.
Functional Characteristics of the Blood of the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Brachyuran Crab

Hemocyanin in the whole blood of the hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab , Bythograea thermydron, has a moderate oxygen affinity ( P 50 = 6.6 millimeters of mercury at 2.6 ° C ; p H 7.5), which unlike that of other hemocyanins is independent of temperature over the range 2 ° to 30 ° C; carbon dioxide and p H have independent effects on the oxygen affinity of this pigment. The p H effect on affinity is moderate ( Δ log P 50 /Δp H = – 0.34), whereas increased carbon dioxide, which can act both directly and by changing p H, has a much larger effect ( Δ log P 50 /Δp H = – 0.81). This blood has a moderately high degree of cooperativity (Hill cooperativity coefficient, n, was 2.8) and a large oxygen-carrying capacity for a crustacean (4.5 milliliters of oxygen per 100 milliliters of blood). These properties characterize an oxygen transport system whose function appears to be largely independent of the wide range of environmental conditions encountered around the vents .
Growth and metabolism of yeast cells after lethal X-irradiation.

SummaryThe yeasts Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were x-irradiated (2 × 105 R, 0·1 per cent and 1·0 per cent survivors) and incubated for 24 to 48 hours in culture medium. A three- to five-fold increase in cell weight occurred, but the process of budding was abnormal. In S. cerevisiae, multiple and lateral budding was observed while C. utilis produced one greatly elongated, sometimes bifurcated, bud which was much larger than the parent cell. In C. utilis, irregular structure of the bud wall was indicated by fluorescence staining with Primulin. The buds were deficient in respiration and DNA synthesis, but nitrogen assimilation, RNA, and ATP synthesis were found to resemble that of the parent cell. Ultra-violet micrography revealed that the junction between parent cell and bud was not closed. The buds contained vacuoles which were capable of storing newly synthesized material.
High-Resolution Emission Lyman-Birge-Hopfield Bands of Nitrogen

The emission spectrum of ten molecular bands of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield system (a1Πg-X1Σg+) of nitrogen have been obtained at high resolution in the 32nd–43rd orders of a 5-m vacuum spectrograph in the region 1383–1810 A with a wavenumber error of less than 0.02 cm-l. The energy values of the υ = 0, 1, and 2 levels of the alΠ state and the υ = 0, 4, 5, and 6 levels of the X1Σ ground state are given along with the corresponding rotational constants and band origins.
Cavity QED of NV centers with a tunable silica resonator

We report experimental studies, in which NV centers in a diamond nanopillar at 10 K are coupled to a high-Q silica microsphere whose resonance frequency can be tuned over a 500 GHz range.
Modeling Quasispecies and Drug Resistance in Hepatitis C Patients Treated with a Protease Inhibitor

Telaprevir, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A serine protease inhibitor, has demonstrated substantial antiviral activity in patients infected with HCV. However, drug-resistant HCV variants were detected in vivo at relatively high frequency a few days after drug administration. Here we use a two-strain mathematical model to explain the rapid emergence of drug resistance in HCV patients treated with telaprevir monotherapy. We examine the effects of backward mutation and liver cell proliferation on the preexistence of the mutant virus and the competition between wild-type and drug-resistant virus during therapy. We also extend the two-strain model to a general model with multiple viral strains. Mutations during therapy only have a minor effect on the dynamics of various viral strains, although they are capable of generating low levels of HCV variants that would otherwise be completely suppressed because of fitness disadvantages. Liver cell proliferation may not affect the pretreatment frequency of mutant variants, but is able to influence the quasispecies dynamics during therapy. It is the relative fitness of each mutant strain compared with wild-type that determines which strain(s) will dominate the virus population. This study provides a theoretical framework for exploring the prevalence of preexisting mutant variants and the evolution of drug resistance during treatment with other HCV protease inhibitors or polymerase inhibitors.
Depletion of norepinephrine in mouse heart by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+) and not blocked by deprenyl

Abstract A single dose of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine) in mice caused 75–87% depletion of heart norepinephrine (NE) concentration 24 hrs later. MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) caused similar depletion of heart NE. The effect of MPTP was not blocked by pretreatment with deprenyl, an inhibitor of type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B). Also, deprenyl pretreatment did not prevent the depletion of heart NE after 4 daily doses of MPTP, even though in the same mice deprenyl pretreatment did prevent depletion of dopamine in the striatum and of NE in the frontal cortex. Apparently the depletion of heart NE by MPTP, unlike the depletion of brain catecholamines, does not require that MPTP be metabolized by MAO-B and can be mimicked by systemic injection of MPP+.
Simulation of the Effects of a Plunge Ground Rod on Hydraulic Rod Seal Behavior

A numerical analysis of a reciprocating hydraulic rod seal with a plunge ground rod has been performed. It consists of coupled fluid mechanics, contact mechanics, and deformation analyses. The fluid mechanics analysis consists of a finite volume solution of the Reynolds equation. The deformation is computed with a finite element analysis. The contact of the seal asperities with the rod utilizes the Greenwood-Williamson model and the rod surface geometry is treated deterministically. The fluid transport, friction force, contact pressure distribution, and fluid pressure distribution in the sealing zone have been computed for a polyurethane U-cup seal and for a step seal with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sealing element and a nitrile energizer. These have been compared with the results for a smooth rod.
Malathion resistance in Tribolium confusum Duv. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Correlating results from topical applications with residual mortality on treated surfaces☆

Abstract Nine Tribolium confusum Duv. field strains were exposed on galvanized steel and plywood panels treated with malathion at 1.63 g a.i. per 0.28 m 2 . Resistance frequencies for these strains were measured by topical application of a discriminating dose of 300 ppm per 0.5 μl per insect. Residues on galvanized steel controlled a susceptible laboratory strain for 5 weeks and three susceptible field strains for 3 weeks. Six resistant field strains were controled for approx. 1 week. Known resistance frequencies were correlated to residual mortality on galvanized steel for 1–6 weeks. Residues on plywood were nearly 100% effective against all field strains and the susceptible laboratory strain for 12 weeks.
Hybrid powertrain optimization with trajectory prediction based on inter-vehicle-communication and vehicle-infrastructure-integration

Recent advances in Inter-Vehicle Communications (IVC) and Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII) paved ways to real-time information sharing among vehicles, which are beneficial for vehicle energy management strategies (EMS). This is especially valuable for power-split hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV) in order to determine the optimal power-split between two different power sources at any particular time. Certainly, researches in this area have been done, but tradeoffs between optimality, driving-cycle sensitivity, speed of calculation and charge-sustaining (CS) conditions have not been cohesively addressed before. In light of this, a combined approach of a time-efficient powertrain optimization strategy, utilizing trajectory prediction based on IVC and VII is proposed. First, Gipps’ car following model for traffic prediction is used to predict the interactions between vehicles, combined with the cell-transmission-model (CTM) for the leading vehicle trajectory prediction. Secondly, a computationally efficient charge-sustaining (CS) HEV powertrain optimization strategy is analytically derived and simulated, based on the Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle and a CS-condition constraint. A 3D lookup-map, generated offline to interpolate the optimizing parameters based on the predicted speed, is also utilized to speed up the calculations. Simulations are conducted for 6-mile and 15-mile cases with different prediction update timings to test the performance of the proposed strategy against a Rule-Based (RB) control strategy. Results for accurate-prediction cases show 9.6% average fuel economy improvements in miles-per-gallon (MPG) over RB for the 6-mile case and 7% improvements for the 15-mile case. Prediction-with-error cases show smaller average MPG’s improvements, with 1.6% to 4.3% improvements for the 6-mile case and 2.6% to 3.4% improvements for the 15-mile case.
We Don't Need No Stinking Ethics: The Struggle Continues

Some business faculty think that teaching ethics is a waste of time. Others think that teaching ethics might do students harm. Objections include "Values are formed in childhood and cannot be changed," "Nobody has the right to tell others what is ethical," and "Employers don't care about ethics." This paper offers a brief response to each objection, and presents supporting evidence. It is organized as a set of notes one might use in a debate.
Inhibition of MMP-13 prevents diet-induced obesity in mice and suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Adipose tissue remodeling by the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is critical for tissue hypertrophy and obesity. MMP-13 is an important protein that is highly expressed in adipose tissue but whose potential role in adipose tissue expansion is poorly characterized. We investigated the effect of pharmacological inhibition of MMP-13 with a selective inhibitor, CP-544439, on adipose tissue mass in mice on a high fat diet, and determined the effect of the inhibitor during in vitro adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. CP-544439 was administered for 6 weeks to mice on a high fat diet. Body adiposity and glucose tolerance was determined. Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes were also treated with the inhibitor for a maximum of 8 days and adipogenesis assessed. Treatment of mice with the inhibitor resulted in reduction in body adiposity and improvement in glucose clearance. Histological examination of epididymal adipose showed reduced adipocyte hypertrophy accompanied by increased staining for collagen in the inhibitor treated mice. Treatment of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells with the inhibitor resulted in reduced adipocyte differentiation. Knockdown of MMP-13 using small interfering RNA in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells reduced adipocyte differentiation indicated by reduced expression of PPARγ. These results suggest that MMP-13 may play a major role in adipose development and its inhibition could be a potential strategy to prevent obesity.