cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Caregiver-Delivered Reflexology for Symptom Management During Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a home-based reflexology intervention delivered by a friend/family caregiver compared with attention control on health-related quality of life of women with advanced breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, targeted and/or hormonal therapy. Methods Patient-caregiver dyads ( N = 256) were randomized to four weekly reflexology sessions or attention control. Caregivers in the intervention group were trained in a 30-minute protocol. During the four weeks, both groups had telephone symptom assessments, and intervention group had fidelity assessments. The intervention effects were assessed using linear mixed-effects models at weeks 5 and 11 for symptom severity and interference with daily activities, functioning, social support, quality of patient-caregiver relationship, and satisfaction with life. Results Significant reductions in average symptom severity ( P = 0.02) and interference ( P P = 0.02), but controlling for it did not diminish the effect of intervention on symptoms. Significant reductions in symptom severity in the reflexology group compared with attention control were seen during weeks 2–5 but were reduced at Week 11. Discussion Efficacy findings of caregiver-delivered reflexology with respect to symptom reduction open a new evidence-based avenue for home-based symptom management.
Unveiling transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and its predictors among elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Aims Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) has been reported in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) but its prevalence and phenotype are not known. We examine elderly patients with severe symptomatic AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and determine the prevalence and phenotype of ATTR-CA non-invasively.
Synthesis and utilization of epoxidized polybutadiene rubber as an alternate compatibilizer in green-tire composites

In the present study, epoxidized polybutadiene rubber (EBR) was synthesized from commercial-grade cis-polybutadiene rubber (BR) and was characterized by NMR, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and surface energy by contact angle measurement. To circumvent the drawback of the existing compatibilizers, the EBR was successfully used as an alternate compatibilizer for a silica-based ‘green-tire’ composite. The significant rise of surface energy was observed after epoxidation of BR, which represents the enhancement of the polar character of the rubber chains and eventually leads to improved compatibility between silica fillers and rubber chains. Out of various epoxidation levels, EBR with 30 mol% epoxidation showed the best compatibilizing effect. The optimum loading of EBR was found to be 12% with respect to total silica content. Apart from using EBR alone as a compatibilizer, combination of EBR with commercial silane-coupling agents, namely, bis(triethoxy-silylpropyl) tetrasulphide (TESPT) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, was also investigated. The physico-mechanical and dynamic properties of the compounds with a combination of TESPT:EBR (40:60–60:40) were comparable with those of the compound prepared using TESPT compatibilizer. The results observed with EBR-compatibilized samples revealed that EBR has a potential to be an effective compatibilizer which eventually could minimize the drawbacks associated while using commercial silane as a compatibilizer at the industrial scale.
Tumor-expressed immune checkpoint B7x promotes cancer progression and antigen-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion and suppressive innate immune cells

// Kim C. Ohaegbulam 1 , Weifeng Liu 2 , Hyungjun Jeon 1 , Steven C. Almo 2, 3 and Xingxing Zang 1, 4, 5 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 2 Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 4 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 5 Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Correspondence to: Xingxing Zang, email: xingxing.zang@einstein.yu.edu Keywords: B7x, immune checkpoint, pulmonary metastases, CD8 T cells, innate cells Received: July 12, 2017 Accepted: August 29, 2017 Published: September 20, 2017 ABSTRACT B7x (B7-H4 or B7S1) is a coinhibitory member of the B7 immune checkpoint ligand family that regulates immune function following ligation with its unknown cognate receptors. B7x has limited expression on normal tissues, but is up-regulated on solid human tumors to inhibit anti-tumor immunity and associates with poor clinical prognosis. We assessed the contribution of cytokine stimuli to induce surface B7x expression on cancer cells and the role of tumor-expressed B7x in a murine pulmonary metastasis model, and finally evaluated the potential interaction between B7x and Neuropilin-1, a suggested potential cognate receptor. We showed that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-10 did not induce expression of B7x on human or murine cancer cells. Following i.v. injection of CT26, a murine colon cancer cell line in the BALB/c background, we observed a significant increase in tumor burden in the lung of B7x-expressing CT26 mice compared to B7x-negative parental CT26 control mice. This was marked by a significant increase in M2 tumor associated macrophages and antigen-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion. Finally, we found through multiple systems that there was no evidence for B7x and Neuropilin-1 direct interaction. Thus, the B7x pathway has an essential role in modulating the innate and adaptive immune cell infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment with its currently unknown cognate receptor(s).
Deciding to work during the Ebola outbreak: The voices and experiences of nurses and midwives in Liberia

Abstract In this study we explored the experiences of nurses and midwives, including the process involved in deciding whether or not to render care to patients during the Ebola outbreak in Liberia, West Africa. Data were collected from 30 registered nurses and registered midwives through face-to-face, semi-structured, tape-recorded interviews. We combined both Corbin and Strauss (2015) and Charmaz (2014) grounded theory methods of data collection and analysis. The result is a description of the experiences and a conceptual model that describes the social process involved in the work decisions made by the study participants. The core category identified in the data is “living in fear and terror.” The work decisions of nurses and midwives were primarily influenced by family responsibilities and demands. The findings of this study could be applied to education, research, and working policies when planning for future disease outbreaks in Liberia and other regions in the world.
Imaging the 2008 Mw 7.8 Wenchuan Earthquake Using the Relative Back-Projection Method

On May 12, 2008, the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault in the northwestern Sichuan province of China, resulting in huge damage as well as loss of human lives. Rapid estimation of the rupture process is essential for emergency response. In this paper, the relative back-projection method based on non-plane-wave array technology was applied to reconstruct the rupture process of this earthquake. First, the principle of the relative back-projection method was briefly introduced. Then, the method was used to obtain the rupture process using the broadband data of 16 stations from the Australian National Seismic Network from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center. The results showed that this earthquake ruptured mostly unilaterally along the Longmen Shan fault. Its rupture time was about 98 s, rupture length was about 290 km, and mean rupture velocity was about 3.0 km/s. Starting from the initial rupture point, epicenter (31.00° N, 103.32° E), the great earthquake ruptured northeastward along the Longmen Shan fault with two major energy releasing peaks. One was located about 50 km northeast of the epicenter at about 20 s after the earthquake began and the other about 140 km northeast at about 50 s, which coincided with macrodamage at those two places.
Hand, Foot, and Word of Mouth: Combined Transradial and Transpedal Access for Femoral Artery Interventions.

No abstract available Keywords: claudication; critical limb ischemia; endovascular intervention; peripheral artery disease; radial access.
Approximate Query Matching for Graph-Based Holistic Image Retrieval

Image retrieval has transitioned from retrieving images with single object descriptions to retrieving images by using complex natural language to describe desired image content. We present work on holistic image search to perform exact and approximate image retrieval that returns images from a database that most closely match the user’s description. Our approach can handle simple queries for single objects (ex: cake) to more complex descriptions of multiple objects and prepositional relations between objects (ex: girl eating cake with a fork on a plate) in graph notation. In addition, our approach can generalize to retrieve queries that are semantically similar in case specific results are not found. We use the scene graph, developed in the Visual Genome dataset as a formalization of image content stored as a graph with nodes for objects and edges for relations describing objects in an image. We combine this with approximate search techniques for large-scale graphs and a semantic scoring algorithm developed by us to holistically retrieve images based on given search criteria. We also present a method to store scene graphs and metadata in graph databases using Neo4 J.
Abnormalities of the ST Segment

The ST segment is the period between the cessation of the QRS complex which is marked by the J point and the onset of the T wave. In interpretation of the ST segment, the shape (concave or convex upward) and the slope are sometimes as important as the absolute degree of ST-segment elevation or depression. Associated T wave changes are also important. The large number of factors affecting the ST segment often makes interpretation difficult. In addition, the relative lack of sensitivity of the ST segment for ischemia and infarction means that clinical decisions regarding the care of a patient with suspected ischemia and/or infarction must be made on clinical grounds if the electrocardiogram is normal. Normal ST segments do not rule out ischemia, infarction, or other conditions.
The SCL/TAL-1 gene is expressed in progenitors of both the hematopoietic and vascular systems during embryogenesis

Activation of the SCL (or TAL-1) gene as a result of chromosomal translocation or deletion is a frequent molecular lesion in acute T-cell leukemia. By virtue of its membership in the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors, the SCL gene is a candidate to regulate events in hematopoietic differentiation. We have used polyclonal antibody raised against a bacterial expressed malE-SCL fusion protein to characterize SCL protein expression in postimplantation embryos and in neonatal and adult mice. SCL protein was detected at day 7.5 post coitum at both embryonic and extraembryonic sites, approximately 24 hours before the formation of recognizable hematopoietic elements. Expression then localized to blood islands of the yolk sac followed by localization to fetal liver and spleen, paralleling the hematopoietic activity of these tissues during development. SCL protein was detected in erythroblasts in fetal and adult spleen, myeloid cells and megakaryocytes in spleen and bone marrow, mast cells in skin, and in rare cells in fetal and adult thymus. In addition, SCL protein was noted in endothelial progenitors in blood islands and in endothelial cells and angioblasts in a number of organs at times coincident with their vascularization. SCL expression was also observed in other nonhematopoietic cell types in the developing skeletal and nervous systems. These results show that SCL expression is one of the earliest markers of mammalian hematopoietic development and are compatible with a role for this transcription factor in terminal differentiation of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. SCL expression by cells in the thymus suggests that the gene may be active at some stage of T-cell differentiation and may be relevant to its involvement by chromosomal rearrangements in T-lymphoid leukemias. Finally, expression of the gene in developing brain, cartilage, and vascular endothelium indicates SCL may have actions in neural development, osteogenesis, and vasculogenesis, as well as in hematopoietic differentiation.
The Weak and Weak Topologies

The topology induced by a norm on a vector space is a very strong topology in the sense that it has many open sets. This has some advantages, especially since a function whose domain is such a space finds it particularly easy to be continuous, but it also has its disadvantages. For example, an infinite-dimensional normed space always has so many open sets that its closed unit ball cannot be compact. Because of this, many familiar facts about finite-dimensional normed spaces that are based on the Heine-Borel property cannot be immediately generalized to the infinite-dimensional case.
Clinical Implementation of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring, 2015-2016.

Introduction Self-measured blood pressure monitoring (SMBP) plus additional clinical support is an evidence-based strategy that improves blood pressure control. Despite national recommendations for SMBP use and potential cost savings, insurance coverage for implementation is limited in the U.S. and little is known regarding clinical implementation. Methods In 2017, using 2015 and 2016 DocStyles survey data from 1,590 primary care physicians and nurse practitioners in U.S. outpatient facilities, SMBP-related clinical practices and provider roles were assessed. Results Almost all (97%) respondents reported using SMBP. Among 1,539 who used SMBP, more than half (60%) used SMBP for a combination of diagnostic and treatment purposes, whereas 24% used SMBP for diagnosis only and 16% used SMBP for treatment only. The most common methods for patients to share SMBP results with clinical staff were paper log (68%); during appointments (66%); by telephone (37%); by secure website (22%); or by secure e-mail (19%). Nearly all (98%) respondents reported that medication adjustments were provided to patients based on SMBP readings. About 15% did not counsel patients regarding cuff size, and 8% did not validate patient devices. Only 13% of respondents reported having monitor loaner programs, and availability did not vary by the financial status of the patient population (p=0.59). Conclusions SMBP is used widely in outpatient facilities as reported in the survey, although provider roles and SMBP-related practices vary, and gaps exist regarding patient counseling, device validation, and loaner program availability. As part of efforts to improve hypertension control, healthcare professionals can promote increased use of best practices for SMBP, whereas insurers can implement standardization and support of SMBP.
Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation.

Sex-based disparities have been identified in respiratory physiology, and in many chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. The observed se...
Clostridium difficile colitis in patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures: an analysis of 17,474 patients:

Background:We compiled evidence from a large national surgical database to identify the incidence, risk factors and postoperative impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients undergo...
Puzzle to Build Organic Molecules with Sticky Notes

A puzzle has been created that introduces bonding configurations and the structures of some common classes of organic compounds. Template pages with blank spaces that correspond to organic molecules are taped to the various walls of the classroom by the instructor. Students are each given a sticky note with an atom and bonds written on it which they must attach to the template pages in the correct configurations with their classmates. This seemingly simple task is actually very complex because (1) there are seven template molecules provided and students are not told what those molecules are, (2) students are not told which molecule their atom belongs to, (3) the puzzle pieces are square and thus offer no clues, and (4) there is only one correct solution for all of the pieces in the classroom. While students are focusing on the assigned task of building a molecule, they are simultaneously learning valid combinations of atoms and discussing them with their classmates. It is a fun way to either introduce or ...
‘A man of the greatest honour’: Hemingway, baseball, and the case of John McGraw

Ernest Hemingway’s writing on competitive sports frequently emphasise their dishonourable, even tawdry elements, especially as compared to the tragic art of bullfighting or the solitary nobility of...
Abnormal auditory mismatch fields are associated with communication impairment in both verbal and minimally verbal/nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder

Abnormal auditory discrimination neural processes, indexed by mismatch fields (MMFs) recorded by magnetoencephalography (MEG), have been reported in verbal children with ASD. Association with clinical measures indicates that delayed MMF components are associated with poorer language and communication performance. At present, little is known about neural correlates of language and communication skills in extremely language impaired (minimally-verbal/non-verbal) children who have ASD: ASD-MVNV. It is hypothesized that MMF delays observed in language-impaired but nonetheless verbal children with ASD will be exacerbated in ASD-MVNV. The present study investigated this hypothesis, examining MMF responses bilaterally during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli in ASD-MVNV, in a verbal ASD cohort without cognitive impairment and in typically developing (TD) children. The verbal ASD cohort without cognitive impairment was split into those demonstrating considerable language impairment (CELF core language index 85; "ASD-V"). Eighty-four participants (8-12 years) were included in final analysis: ASD-MVNV: n = 9, 9.67 ± 1.41 years, ASD: n = 48, (ASD-V: n = 27, 10.55 ± 1.21 years, ASD-LI: n = 21, 10.67 ± 1.20 years) and TD: n = 27, 10.14 ± 1.38 years. Delayed MMF latencies were found bilaterally in ASD-MVNV compared to verbal ASD (both ASD-V and ASD-LI) and TD children. Delayed MMF responses were associated with diminished language and communication skills. Furthermore, whereas the TD children showed leftward lateralization of MMF amplitude, ASD-MVNV and verbal ASD (ASD-V and ASD-LI) showed abnormal rightward lateralization. Findings suggest delayed auditory discrimination processes and abnormal rightward laterality as objective markers of language/communication skills in both verbal and MVNV children who have ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1225-1235. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Brain imaging showed abnormal auditory discrimination processes in minimally-verbal/non-verbal children (MVNV) who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Delays in auditory discrimination were associated with impaired language and communication skills. Findings suggest these auditory neural measures may be objective markers of language and communication skills in both verbal and, previously-understudied, MVNV children who have ASD.
Variation in cognitive function over time in Gaucher disease type 3.

Objective To identify relevant efficacy parameters essential in designing clinical trials for brain-penetrant therapies for Gaucher disease, we evaluated cognitive function longitudinally in 34 patients with Gaucher disease type 3 seen at the NIH Clinical Center. Methods Individuals were tested with age-appropriate Wechsler Intelligence Scales administered between 1 and 18 times over 29 years. Variation in all IQ domains was not linear with time and was best characterized with the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) for each individual. Mixed-effects regressions were used to determine whether IQ was associated with clinical features. Models were controlled for variation in test version, participant identification, and test administrator. Results Mean verbal, performance, and full-scale IQs were 81.77, 75.98, and 82.02, respectively, with a consistent discrepancy between verbal and performance IQs. Mean (SD) verbal, performance, and full-scale coefficient of variations were 0.07 (0.04), 0.09 (0.05), and 0.06 (0.02), respectively. IQ varied about a mean, with no clear trajectory, indicating no clear patterns of improvement or decline over time. EEG lateralization and behavioral issues were consistently associated with IQ. Conclusions The observed variation in IQ in Gaucher disease type 3 across the cohort and within single individuals over time may be characteristic of other neuronopathic diseases. Therefore, to reliably use IQ as an efficacy measure in any clinical trial of neurotherapeutics, a normal variation range must be established to assess the clinical relevance of any IQ change.
Faith in School: Educational Policy Responses to Muslim Unrest in the Philippine Republic

This chapter examines official articulations of educational policy, curricula, and texts by both Commonwealth and independent Philippine governments from the mid-1930s to the mid-1980s, arguing that these policies and practices continued to frame the problem of tensions between Muslim and non-Muslim Filipinos in the terms established by the American pedagogy of imperialism in the first decades of the century. This framing of the problem resulted in top-down, paternalistic policies that tended to promote majority Christian views on the content and aims of education while marginalizing Muslim Filipinos desires for the education of Muslim children.
Needle Heating During Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5- and 3.0-T Field Strengths.

Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that clinically used magnetic resonance (MR)-conditional needles of varying lengths, orientations, locations, and pulse sequences can result in excessive heating during MR imaging (MRI)-guided interventions that can be minimized to physiological ranges with proper selection of the needle length, needle position, and modification of pulse sequence parameters. Materials and methods We simulated a clinical interventional MRI setting with 2 standard American Society for Testing and Materials F2182-11A phantoms and measured temperatures with fiber optic sensors. Temperature profiles were monitored for commercial 10, 15 and 20 cm MR-conditional cobalt-chromium needles in clinically relevant perpendicular, 45-degree oblique, and parallel orientations relative to the static magnetic field (B0) and center, right off-center, and left off-center needle tip locations in the z = 0 plane. Clinically available interventional MRI pulse sequences including turbo spin echo (TSE), fast TSE, slice encoding for metal artifact correction, compressed sensing slice encoding for metal artifact correction, half-Fourier acquisition single-shot TSE (HASTE), HASTE inversion recovery, fluoroscopic steady-state gradient echo (3.0 T only), fast low-angle shot gradient echo, and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination gradient echo pulse sequences were tested at 1.5 and 3.0 T field strengths. Acquired temperature data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction. Results After 5-minute of continuous MRI, less than 2.5°C heating occurred when needles were oriented perpendicular and 45-degree oblique to B0, regardless of field strengths. Higher temperature rises capable of causing permanent tissue damage were observed when needles were oriented in parallel to B0 (1.5 T: 22°C with 20 cm needles, 3.0 T: 8°C with 10 and 15 cm needles) using higher radiofrequency energy pulse sequences, such as TSE and HASTE. Left off-center location, parallel orientation, and needle lengths close to half of the radiofrequency pulse wavelength were positively associated with higher temperature rises. Conclusions Under the herein used experimental conditions, clinically used MR-conditional needles can heat to supraphysiologic temperatures during prolonged MRI at 1.5 and 3.0 T field strengths; however, the temperature rise can be balanced to physiological ranges with proper selection of needle length, needle orientation, and pulse sequence parameters. Caution must be exercised when using different MRI systems, as results may not directly translate.
Illness-Related Parenting Stress and Maladjustment in Congenital Heart Disease: Mindfulness as a Moderator.

Objective Congenital heart disease (CHD) is characterized by structural defects to the heart or the coronary blood vessels and often requires surgical repair. Raising an infant or toddler with CHD can be challenging and lead to high parenting stress and maladjustment. The parenting literature suggests that mindfulness may buffer parenting stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether mindfulness might moderate the relationship between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD. Methods Parents of infants and toddlers with CHD attending an outpatient clinic provided background information and completed measures of illness-related parenting stress, mindfulness, and maladjustment. Results Results indicated that illness-related parenting stress was associated with maladjustment, and mindfulness moderated this relationship. Specifically, illness-related parenting stress was related to maladjustment at low and average levels of mindfulness; at high mindfulness, there was no association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Conclusions Consistent with the broader literatures, our sample of parents of infants and toddlers with CHD reported high illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Building on other studies demonstrating the benefits of mindful parenting, our results suggest that engaging in mindfulness might thwart the association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD.
Buyback problem: approximate matroid intersection with cancellation costs

In the buyback problem, an algorithm observes a sequence of bids and must decide whether to accept each bid at the moment it arrives, subject to some constraints on the set of accepted bids. Decisions to reject bids are irrevocable, whereas decisions to accept bids may be canceled at a cost that is a fixed fraction of the bid value. Previous to our work, deterministic and randomized algorithms were known when the constraint is a matroid constraint. We extend this and give a deterministic algorithm for the case when the constraint is an intersection of k matroid constraints. We further prove a matching lower bound on the competitive ratio for this problem. This problem has applications to banner advertisement, semi-streaming, routing, load balancing and other problems where preemption or cancellation of previous allocations is allowed.
Impact of Frailty on Clinical Outcomes after Carotid Artery Revascularization.

Background Frailty has been increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for vascular procedures. To assess the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes and resource utilization in patients undergoing carotid revascularization using a national cohort. Methods The 2005-2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid stenting (CAS). Patients were classified as frail using diagnosis codes defined by the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty indicator. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between frailty and in-hospital mortality, postoperative stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization costs, and length of stay (LOS). Results Of 1,426,343 patients undergoing carotid revascularization, 59,158 (4.2%) were identified as frail. Among frail patients, 79.4% underwent CEA and 20.6% underwent CAS. Compared to CEA, a greater proportion of patients undergoing CAS were frail (6.0% vs. 3.8%, P Conclusions Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes and greater resource use for those undergoing carotid revascularization. Risk models should include an assessment of frailty to guide management and improve outcomes for these high-risk patients.
Privacidade digital como direito do cidadao: o caso dos grupos indigenas do Brasil.

The article presents a brief review of the Brazilian legislation that impacts indigenous communities' digital privacy rights through governmental data collection. Furthermore, the article aims to discuss the need to collect sensitive data from indigenous communities without the participation of the same communities in developing the features for the data collection. The article argues that the digitalization of indigenous communities' information follows a colonial paradigm, harming entire indigenous communities and worsening their already precarious situation. -- O artigo apresenta uma breve revisao da legislacao brasileira que impacta os direitos de privacidade digital das comunidades indigenas por meio da coleta de dados governamentais. Alem disso, o artigo visa discutir a necessidade de coletar dados sensiveis de comunidades indigenas sem a participacao das mesmas comunidades no desenvolvimento dos recursos para a coleta de dados. O artigo argumenta que a digitalizacao das informacoes das comunidades indigenas segue um paradigma colonial, prejudicando comunidades indigenas inteiras e agravando sua situacao ja precaria.
Structural and temporal regulation of centromeric chromatinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 29th Annual International Asilomar Chromatin and Chromosomes Conference, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

Normal inheritance of genetic material requires that chromosomes segregate faithfully during mitosis and meiosis. The kinetochore is a unique structure that attaches chromosomes to the microtubule ...
An Extension to the Class of Easy Economic Lot Scheduling Problems

Abstract We extend known conditions under which a rotation schedule is optimal in the Economic Lot Scheduling Problem by using a tighter lower bound that explicitly considers machine capacity. We also show how these results can be used when backorders are allowed.
Nutrition Science and the Practice of Animal Feeding in Germany, 1850–1880

Scientific interest in agricultural animal feeding and nutrition became widespread in the German lands between 1850 and 1880. Academic scientists pursued experimental research that produced new knowledge about the chemical components of foods, their degree of digestibility, and animal metabolism in general. Some academics made an effort to translate these new findings into useful tools for practitioners, such as tables that highlighted experimental data, norms for various feeding goals, and manuals detailing the principles of scientific, or rational, feeding. While some practitioners engaged seriously with these resources, especially elite farmers seeking to increase the profitability of their enterprises through innovation, alternatives to the science-focused approach persisted. Moreover, practitioners maintained a credible claim to craft-based knowledge about their own animals, the plants used in feeding, and the local conditions under which they labored from day to day.
Relation of Lipopolysaccharide and Fatty Acid Ester Release to the Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Alteration of Permeability in Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Escherichia coli subjected to cold osmotic shock released 30 to 40% of their fatty acid esters and 42% of their cellular hexosamine. In contrast, Enterobacter, although they released 40% of fatty acid esters, release only 25% of hexosamine. Proteus released less than 15% of either fatty acid esters or hexosamine. These differences are taken to explain the differences among the Enterobacteriaceae in releasing surface enzymes after osmotic shock. It is felt that the release of additional lipopolysaccharide after osmotic shock is necessary for the release of surface enzymes that are not freed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane exposure.
Nonparasitic splenic cysts: pathogenesis, classification, and treatment.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Nonparasitic splenic cysts (NPSCs) are uncommon lesions of the spleen, many being reported in anecdotal fashion. Early classifications of this disorder have been based on the presence or absence of an epithelial lining, indicating either a congenital or traumatic etiology. This criterion has led to confusion and mistaken reporting because the lining alone is not a reliable criterion. STUDY DESIGN: Over a 28-year period, the author has observed and studied 23 patients with NPSC. Special attention has been given to the role of trauma in the history, the nature (or absence) of a cyst lining, the gross pathology, and the preferred method of treatment. RESULTS: NPSC present as lesions with a very characteristic gross appearance and lining. The trabeculated interior can be lined with epidermoid, transitional, or mesothelial epithelium. Desquamation of the lining can lead to a spurious diagnosis, but careful search usually discloses the lining remnant. Although most NPSC in this series were treated by open partial splenectomy, the more recent approach by laparoscopic techniques offers great promise. CONCLUSIONS: A new classification of NPSC is offered, based on characteristic gross findings. NPSC are of congenital origin, with a lining derived from mesothelium. Trauma does not play a primary role in pathogenesis. Cysts that are symptomatic or over 5 cm in diameter should be removed by partial splenectomy or near-total cystectomy "decapsulation," either by the open or laparoscopic approach.
Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values by Joseph F. Rock Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 1920

In 1913, the writer compiled a list of Hawaiian names of plants, which was published as Botanical Bulletin No. 2 of the Board of Agriculture and Forestry. The above mentioned list comprised simply the Hawaiian names and the corresponding scientific names of plants both native and introduced. Owing to the popularity of, and the demand for, the bulletin it was soon out of print, and the suggestion was made by the Superintendent of Forestry that the list be reprinted. Since 1913, the writer has added quite a number of new names to the old list and it was thought advisable to incorporate these in the present publication, which gives in addition a short popular description of the plants and such facts and notes as are of ethnological and historical interest. Many of the added names were secured from an old kahuna from Kaupō, Maui, who has since died. He collected plants personally and brought them to the writer giving the native names and such information as he could transmit through his interpreter, the writer not being familiar with the ancient Hawaiian speech. This information is here incorporated. Some of the scientific names have been changed in order to conform with the present day nomenclature. Others, only very few, however, needed to be corrected. Some represent new species which were described more or less by the writer. The present publication is simply to fill a popular want and therefore the remarks under each plant are couched in popular language. Unfortunately the meaning of some of the Hawaiian names has been lost, and the writer has translated only those of which he was absolutely certain. Such delicate work which presupposes intimate knowledge of the Hawaiian language the writer will leave for Hawaiian scholars, such as Mr. T.C. Thrum and Mr. Joseph Emerson, and it is hoped that in the compilation of the new Hawaiian Dictionary, provision for which was made by the Hawaiian Legislature, the Hawaiian names given in this publication will not only be used, but their original meaning explained in order to preserve the historic value connected with them. No name was inserted for which the writer did not have the actual corresponding plant before him. Some of the plants brought to him by kahunas were fragmentary and a specific diagnosis could not be made owing to the polymorphic character of many of the Hawaiian plants, especially such as belong to genera like Cyrtandra or Peperomia. July 31, 1920 Joseph F. Rock
Scene Discovery by Matrix Factorization

What constitutes a scene? Defining a meaningful vocabulary for scene discovery is a challenging problem that has important consequences for object recognition. We consider scenes to depict correlated objects and present visual similarity. We introduce a max-margin factorization model that finds a low dimensional subspace with high discriminative power for correlated annotations. We postulate this space should allow us to discover a large number of scenes in unsupervised data; we show scene discrimination results on par with supervised approaches. This model also produces state of the art word prediction results including good annotation completion.
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Quantitation of cisplatin 1,2 guanine-guanine intrastrand cross links

A6 Platinum chemotherapeutic agents have been successfully used in the treatment of various epithelial cell based cancers for over 30 years. However, much remains unknown about the mode of action of these agents. It is generally believed that about 1% of the total cellular platinum binds to DNA, causing the induction of intra- and interstrand cross links. These DNA cross links are repaired to some extent by nucleotide excision repair. However, if not repaired they may lead to the induction of apoptosis via the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription, or cause mutations leading to cancer. It remains to be seen if specific adducts are responsible for varied responses to treatment, as current methods measure total platinum. The most prevalent DNA modification is the formed between two adjacent guanines at the N7 position producing the intrastrand cross link between cisplatin and 29-deoxyguanylyl(39,59)-29-deoxyguanosine or CP-d(GpG). We report here a new sensitive and specific quantitation method employing electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to measure the formation of the intrastrand cross link. Analyte standards have been synthesized and characterized by UV, ESI-MS/MS and NMR. Platinum has a characteristic isotopic cluster which aids in MS identification, but complicates quantitation. The following mass to charge (m/z) ratios therefore list the most prevalent ion. ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed ions at [M+H] + and [M+H-phosphate -2 deoxyribose - 2 amine] + (m/z 824 and 496, respectively) for CP-d(GpG). Synthesis and characterization of stable isotope internal standard CP-[ 13 C 5 ]d(GpG) are underway. Preliminary studies have shown that anion exchange columns are an effective way of separating this adduct from unmodified nucleosides. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used in combination with ESI-MS/MS to gain further sensitivity. Currently, analysis of CP-d(GpG) spiked DNA after anion exchange clean-up with selected reaction monitoring (SRM; m/z 824 → 496) resulted in a preliminary limit of detection of 9 adducts per 10 8 nucleotides. The addition of an internal standard and further method optimization is anticipated to allow accurate quantitation at lower concentrations of CP-d(GpG). The goal of this project is to measure CP-d(GpG) in specimens from human patients undergoing chemotherapy as a marker for tissue specific uptake at therapeutic doses. This work is supported by in part by grants from the NIEHS (T32ES07126, R42ES011746, P30ES10126) and the NCI (RO1CA084480).
Cyclooxygenase-2 and Akt mediate multiple growth-factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background and Aim: Cancer invasion and metastasis are characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes metastasis and significant mortality. Elucidating factors promoting EMT in HCC are necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Methods: The LH86 cell line was developed in our laboratory from well-differentiated HCC without associated hepatitis or cirrhosis and used as a model to study EMT in HCC. Effects of transforming growth factor β-1, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were examined using morphology, molecular markers, effects on migration and tumorigenicity. The involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Akt were examined. Results: LH86 cells display epithelial morphology. Transforming-growth-factor-β-1-, epidermal-growth-factor-, hepatocyte-growth-factor- and basic-fibroblast-growth-factor-induced mesenchymal changes in them were associated with loss of E-cadherin, albumin, α-1 anti-trypsin expression and increased expression of vimentin, collagen I and fibronectin. There was associated increased migration, tumorigenicity and increased expression of COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Akt and phosphorylated Akt. Inhibition of COX-2 and Akt pathways led to inhibition of characteristics of EMT. Conclusions: Multiple growth factors induce EMT in HCC. COX-2 and Akt may mediate EMT-associated development and progression of HCC and molecular targeting of COX-2 and Akt may be an effective therapeutic or chemopreventive strategy in advanced and metastatic HCC.
Interleukin-1β induces brain microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability through matrix metalloproteinase-9 (678.17)

Interleukin-1β induces Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability through Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Himakarnika Alluri, Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji, Katie Wiggins-Dohlvik, Ryan Oakley, Hayden W. Stagg, Matthew L. Davis, Binu Tharakan. Surgery, Texas AM 1hour) and MMP-9 siRNA. MMP-9 acti...
Communications and control for electric power systems

A long-term strategy for the integration of new control technologies for power generation and delivery is proposed: the industry would benefit from an evolutionary approach that would adapt to its needs future technologies as well as those that it has so far not heeded. The integrated operation of the entire system, including the distribution system, was proposed as a future goal. The AbNET communication protocols are reviewed, and additions that were made in 1991 are described. In the original network, traffic was controlled by polling at the master station, located at the substation, and routed by a flooding algorithm. In a revised version, the polling and flooding are modified. The question of interfacing low-energy measurement transducers or instrument transformers is considered. There is presently little or no agreement on what the output of optical current transducers (CT's) should be. Appendices deal with the calibration of current transducers; with Delta modulation, a simple means of serially encoding the output of an OCT; and with noise shaping, a method of digital signal processing that trades off the number of bits in a digital sample for a higher number of samples.
What’s Behind the Curtain? A Family’s Search for an Inclusive Oz

Families are moving at ever increasing numbers. Relocating a family is challenging under any circumstance, but transitioning a child with a disability between schools, especially to new states or countries can be particularly difficult. When families seek full inclusion, the situation becomes more complex. This paper describes one American family’s journey through the moving process and how that process brought to the surface ways in which disability is socially and culturally constructed. Despite federal legislation in some countries regarding special education and the involvement of families, practices differ geographically, sometimes significantly, when determining eligibility, communicating with parents, and discussing how support services will be provided. The author - a parent, educational researcher, and instructor of pre-service teachers – asks questions throughout the family’s relocation and examines people’s “storylines” or habits of conversation (Gee, 1999) to get at underlying assumptions. Related research and implications for improving educational practices are discussed.
Applying antisense technology to the study of Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis.

. As yet, the fac-tors involved in disease develop-ment are unknown, but possiblevariables include the choice ofhost, the parasitic strain and envi-ronmental factors.Amebic pathogenesis involvesthe invasion of tissues and lysis ofhost cells by the trophozoite. Sev-eral amebic proteins have been im-plicated in pathogenesis, includingcell-surface adherence proteins andsecreted proteases.
The distribution of Al in the IOC stations of the eastern Atlantic between 30 ° S and 34 ° N

Abstract The aluminium content of samples collected from four vertical stations and 74 surface samples in the southern and eastern basins of the central Atlantic was determined on board ship during the International Oceanographic Commission's first baseline cruise. The profile results show that the distribution of Al can be interpreted as the result of advective movement of the various water masses that appear within these stations. The Al content of these water masses is directly related to the magnitude of the eolian impact in their formation regions. The differences between deep-water Al concentrations in the southern and northern basins of the eastern Atlantic appear to be related to differences in the Al content of the source waters feeding through the Romanche and Vema Fracture Zones. The elevated deep-water Al concentrations found in the Seine Abyssal Plain in the eastern Atlantic are identical to those previously reported in the western basin of the North Atlantic suggesting that there is either a direct advective relation between the two regions or a common mechanistic cause for the bottom-water elevations in both basins. The near-surface distribution of Al at 24 ° N indicates that the element is capable of recording the recent mixing and stratification history of the upper waters. Surface-water concentrations of Al, which vary from 0.2 to 86 nM, reveal an almost point-like source in the Guinea Basin resulting from the ITCZ induced rain-out of Saharan origin dust. The subsequent advection of this signal illuminates many of the major circulation features of the region.
Inverse methods for remote determination of properties of optically thick atmospheres.

Methods of using cw and pulsed electromagnetic sources are compared for determination of the coefficients of the Legendre polynomial expansion of the single-scattering phase function from measurements of the multiply scattered radiance emerging from the surfaces of the atmosphere. Quadrature formulas are presented with which to calculate the angular moments of the radiance needed for the methods.