cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer in open-ended enclosures: elimination of the extended boundaries

The present study is focused on obtaining an accurate representation of eAective boundary conditions at the open side of two- and three-dimensional open-ended structures. Implementation of this representation reduces the more complicated open-ended boundary conditions to a closed-ended domain and results in substantial savings in CPU and memory usage. The numerical procedure used in this work is based on the Galerkin weighted residual method of finite-element formulation. Comparisons between the present investigation using the correlations for the proposed closed-ended model and the results for the extended computational domain attest to the successful implementation of the proposed model. The results presented in this work constitute an innovative way to describe correctly the boundary conditions at the open side of an open-ended boundary. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Emerging Varieties of Capitalism in Transition Countries: Industrial Relations and Wage Bargaining in Estonia and Slovenia

This article analyzes patterns of economic coordination in Estonia and Slovenia, two postsocialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, by using the varieties of capitalism (VOC) framework. The...
Are Women Overinvesting in Education? Evidence from the Medical Profession

Recent literature finds that women earn significantly lower returns to professional degrees. Does this render these degrees poor investments for women? We compare physicians to physician assistants, a similar profession with lower wages and training costs, mitigating some selection issues. The median female (but not male) primary-care physician would have been financially better off becoming a physician assistant. While there is a wage gap, our result occurs primarily because most female physicians do not work enough hours to rationalize medical school whereas most men do. We discuss robustness issues and nonwage returns to education that may rationalize these investments by women.
Spectrum pricing games with bandwidth uncertainty and spatial reuse in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks (CRN), primary users can lease out their unused bandwidth to secondary users in return for a fee. We study price competition in a CRN with multiple primaries and e secondaries in a region, where each primary tries to attract secondaries by setting a lower price for his bandwidth than other primaries. A CRN has two distinctive features, which makes the price competition very different from that in traditional commodity markets. First, in every slot, each primary may or may not have unused bandwidth available. So primaries are uncertain about the number of other primaries from whom they face competition. Second, spectrum is a commodity that allows spatial reuse: the same band can be simultaneously used at far-off locations without interference; on the other hand, simultaneous transmissions at neighboring locations on the same band interfere with each other. As a result, a primary cannot offer bandwidth at all locations, but must select an independent set of locations at which to offer it. Also, the choice of the independent set and the prices at those locations must be made jointly. We formulate price competition in a CRN as a game, taking into account both bandwidth uncertainty and spatial reuse. We analyze the game in a single slot, as well as its repeated version. In each case, we not only prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium, but also explicitly compute it. The expressions we obtain provide interesting insights into how the price competition evolves for different values of the system parameters. Moreover, for the game in a single slot, we prove the uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium in the class of symmetric equilibria.
Absence of inducible costimulator on alloreactive T cells reduces graft versus host disease and induces Th2 deviation

Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is expressed on activated and memory T cells and is involved in the regulation of cytokine production. We studied the role of ICOS on alloreactive T cells in graft versus host disease (GVHD) and determined that ICOS expression was up-regulated on alloreactive T cells in recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with GVHD. We compared ICOS-/- T cells with wild-type (WT) T cells in 2 GVHD models. In both models, recipients of ICOS-/- T cells demonstrated significantly less GVHD morbidity and mortality, which was associated with less intestinal and hepatic GVHD but increased cutaneous GVHD. In addition, recipients of ICOS-/- donor T cells displayed a slight decrease in graft versus leukemia (GVL) activity. Further analysis of alloreactive ICOS-/- T cells showed no defect in activation, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and target organ infiltration. Recipients of ICOS-/- T cells had decreased serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), while interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 levels were increased, suggesting that alloreactive ICOS-/- T cells are skewed toward T helper-2 (Th2) differentiation. These data suggest a novel role for ICOS in the regulation of Th1/Th2 development of activated T cells. In conclusion, alloreactive ICOS-/- donor T cells induce less GVHD due to a Th2 immune deviation while GVL activity is slightly diminished.
Insight and outcome in bipolar, unipolar, and anxiety disorders

We performed a study to assess the relationship between impairment of insight and the long-term outcome in affective and anxiety disorders. Standardized insight assessments were made using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) in 101 outpatients with psychiatric disorders, mostly affective and anxiety disorders, treated over 1 year in a university-based clinic. Outcome was prospectively assessed with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) rating scales. The mean follow-up period was 3.9 months. Initial impairment of insight did not correlate with poor outcome. However, improvement in insight correlated with good outcome, particularly in bipolar disorder type I (r = .56 to .67, P = .0005). Insight was similarly impaired in bipolar and unipolar major depressive disorders, and more so than in anxiety disorders (P = .002). An association between a lack of improvement in insight and a poor outcome, most significantly in bipolar disorder type I, was observed in this sample. We found a greater relative impairment of insight in mood versus anxiety disorders.
Diagrams for several electromagnetic field gauges

In this paper we have reviewed the Wilton vector diagram for electromagnetic fields and potentials for the Lorenz, Coulomb, temporial, and radiation gauges. The vector diagram is not only a useful visual aid when comparing the transverse and longitudinal properties of the fields and potentials of different gauges but also in obtaining the differential and integral equations for the fields and for the vector and scalar potentials.
A model based predictive control scheme for nonlinear process

A model based predictive control (MPC) strategy for nonlinear process systems is presented. The sensitivity between the controlled system input and output is identified in the implementation of this strategy. The comparisons of MPC, gain scheduling control and conventional PID control highlights their consistency as well as differences, and the advantages of the adaptive controller. A decomposed neural network (DNN) model is applied to the MPC scheme. Stability analysis of the MPC system is presented based on Lyapunov theory. From the stability investigation, the stability condition for the DNN-based control system is obtained. Benchmark example results show that the proposed MPC method can effectively control unknown nonlinear systems.
Suicide and Homicide Rates: Their Relationship to Latitude and Longitude and to the Weather

The variation of suicide and homicide rates in the major standard metropolitan statistical areas of the United States was explored to see whether regional variations in temperature and precipitation could account for some of the variation. Controls for temperature eliminated the North-South variation in suicide rates, but not the North-South variation in homicide rates or the East-West variation in suicide rates. Only the correlation between precipitation and homicide rates survived controls for latitude and longitude.
Oligosaccharide Content and Composition of Legumes and Their Reduction by Soaking, Cooking, Ultrasound, and High Hydrostatic Pressure

Oligosaccharides, including raffinose, stachyose, ciceritol, and verbascose, are commonly found in legumes and often result in flatulence in humans. Effects of soaking, soaking with ultrasound (47 MHz), soaking with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 621 MPa), and subsequent cooking on the oligosaccharide content of lentils, chickpeas, peas, and soybeans were investigated. Legumes were soaked for 3 or 12 hr in water, soaked for 1.5 or 3 hr with ultrasound, or soaked for 0.5 or 1 hr with HHP. Oligosaccharides of lentils and chickpeas were mainly composed of raffinose, ciceritol, and stachyose, while those of peas and soybeans were raffinose and stachyose. Verbascose was the minor oligosaccharide in lentils and peas and was absent in chickpeas and soybeans. Ciceritol was not detected in peas and soybeans. Total oligosaccharide content of raw legumes ranged from 70.7 mg/g in yellow peas to 144.9 mg/g in chickpeas. Soaking was effective for the reduction of oligosaccharides in the tested legumes. Compared with soaking for 3 hr, soaking legumes with ultrasound for 3 hr in all tested legumes or soaking legumes with HHP for 1 hr, with exception of soybeans, appeared to be more effective for the reduction of oligosaccharides. The effect of cooking on the reduction of oligosaccharide content of presoaked legumes was evident in lentils, while oligosaccharide content of chickpeas, peas, and soybeans was either unchanged or even increased by cooking after presoaking, with or without ultrasound, probably due to the leaching of other soluble components and the release of bound oligosaccharides during cooking. During soaking or cooking of legumes, raffinose leached out faster than other oligosaccharides.
Senses, Skills, Reactions and Reflexes: Learning Automatic Behaviors in Multi-Sensory Robotic Systems

In this paper we develop an approach to learning automatic sensorimotor behaviors in hierarchical neural network-based control systems. This approach allows multi-sensory inputs to be integrated through learning and practice in robotic systems. We present three simulations in which visual information is initially used for planning, control and error compensation while neural networks are trained to accomplish these same tasks using information provided by proprioceptive sensors located at the joints.
Human Auditory Cortex: In Search of the Flying Dutchman

Understanding the roles played by auditory areas of human cerebral cortex in enabling us to perceive and respond to sounds in our environment continues to elude us. This is surely not because of lack of trying on the part of auditory neuroscientists. Systematic anatomical studies of the auditory areas that make up cortex began in the late 19th century, and to this day have profound impact on the way we think about fundamental questions of high-level auditory processing including that uniquely human capacity of speech. Modern electrophysiological and functional imaging methodologies, all made possible by the evolution of digital computers, have revolutionized functional study of human auditory cortex. Parallel studies in laboratory animals, including nonhuman primates, raise questions regarding the extent to which their results can be applied to humans. We are now on the threshold of seeing new experimental approaches to brain function being applied by a new generation of neuroscientists, holding promise that the human auditory cortex may finally give up its secrets.
Common errors in mass spectrometry-based analysis of post-translational modifications

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool to analyze complex mixtures of proteins in a high-throughput fashion. Proteome analysis has already become a routine task in biomedical research with the emergence of proteomics core facilities in most research institutions. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a mechanism by which complex biological processes are orchestrated dynamically at the systems level. MS is rapidly becoming popular to discover new modifications and novel sites of known PTMs, revolutionizing the current understanding of diverse signaling pathways and biological processes. However, MS-based analysis of PTMs has its own caveats and pitfalls that can lead to erroneous conclusions. Here, we review the most common errors in MS-based PTM analyses with the goal of adopting strategies that maximize correct interpretation in the context of biological questions that are being addressed. Finally, we provide suggestions that should help mass spectrometrists, bioinformaticians and biologists to perform and interpret MS-based PTM analyses more accurately.
Time-resolved lasing dynamics for plasmonic system with gain (Presentation Recording)

To study the light-matter interaction between plasmonic systems and gain media, numerous theoretical and numerical methods have been proposed. Among them, because of its accurate treatment of the quantum property of gain media, the time domain (TD) multi-physics approach is viewed as the most powerful method, especially for analysis of transient dynamics. Even though the finite difference, finite-volume and finite element TD methods can be readily coupled to a multi-level atomic system through auxiliary differential equations, for each of them however there is limited information on accurate TD kinetic parameters fitted with experimental measurements. In this work, we develop a multi-physics time domain model to inspect our most recent lasing experiment with a silver nanohole array. We use a classical finite difference time-domain (FDTD) model coupled to the rate equations of a 4-level gain system. To retrieve kinetic energy parameters for accurate modeling, we first fit 1-D simulations with pump-probe experiments studying Rhodamine-101 (R-101) dye embedded in epoxy on an indium tin oxide silica substrate. The retrieved parameters are then fed into a 3-D model to study the lasing behavior of the R-101-coated nanohole array. The simulated emission intensity shows a clear lasing effect, which is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. By tracing the population inversion and polarization dynamics, the amplification and lasing regimes inside the nanohole cavity can be clearly distinguished. With the help of our systematic approach, we can further improve understanding of the time-resolved physics of active plasmonic nanostructures with gain.
A New York Court Recognizes a Labor Union Evidentiary Privilege

This Article is about a New York lower case which recognized a labor union evidentiary privilege between union members and union officers.
Regulatory Moral Hazard

Two watershed events have fundamentally reshaped the regulatory landscape in the telecommunications industry over the last two decades. The first is the pervasive substitution of price cap regulation (PCR) for rate-ofreturn regulation (RRR); and the second is the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act.1 Whereas, each of these events has been studied extensively in their own right, the interaction between them has not. This chapter is a first step in attempting to develop a better understanding of this interaction and its public policy implications. We begin with a brief description of these two watershed events in order to motivate the analysis and provide the requisite institutional framework.
Visual fatigue and cathode ray tube display terminals.

Study I investigated the effects of display type, amount of information presented, and display contrast on the visual mechanism during a visual search task. In the first phase, two subjects performed the visual task for four 3-h sessions. In the second phase, subjects were tested for two 6-h sessions. CRT usage for 3 h produced measurable visual fatigue in the eye movement and/or accommodation mechanism, as measured by increased durations to move from a near point and focus on a far point (and vice versa). Such visual fatigue was not present in the hard-copy visual search task.In a second study, subjects performed the visual task for two 4-h sessions. Two h of CRT usage produced measurable fatigue in the eye accommodation mechanism as well as an increased blink rate. Such visual fatigue was also present in the hard-copy task but to a lesser extent.In both studies, I-h breaks produced a marked reduction in visual fatigue indices.
The Rationality and Control-Strength of Superstitious Beliefs Among Negroes

IT IS commonly believed that superstitious beliefs have a higher controlstrength among Negroes than among whites. In fact, this belief has entered into literature and drama to a considerable extent. A second assumption, which is likewise current, is that belief in superstition is necessarily opposed to cultural development and is furthermore incompatible with the scientific attitude. It is the viewpoint of this paper that belief in the unnatural or irrational, commonly catagorized as superstition, is a relative matter. Much of the phenomena comprising the subject-matter of superstition lies in the borderland of uncertainty. In many cases it is impossible to know the exact truth or to be either certain or uncertain of the possibility of prediction. Consider for example, the belief that bad dogs are afraid of mean people. Is not this well within the realm of high probability, no less plausible than the ability of Clever Hans to discern small visual cues through facial or bodily tensions in those observed? Likewise, ifyou talk of a person he willappear. Since people do not talk of unknown persons in remote parts of the world and do talk of persons with whom they are frequently in contact, the likelihood of the event being realized reduces to a genuine probability which some good statistician might some day calculate. Or, when flies sting you expect rain; or even $2. oo bills are unlucky-how many of us have let them slip by as ones? On the other hand, such beliefs as, if you plant some of your hair in the ground and it grows you wi/l die, is safe statistically. Perhaps some time medical science will provide an answer to explain why an attack of rheuzmatism means the coming of rain-if being so affected by an increase in humidity is followed by the coming of rain. There are, of course, superstitions in which no possible rationality can be discerned by the average person, as for example, if you burn the skin of onions you wi// receive money, since the cause and effect relationship here would be wholly accidental. A study of superstitions should disclose what the common mind considers proof as contrasted with the rigorous demands of the scientist or logician. Educators are perhaps prone to overestimate the rationality of the average mind, not realizing that myth, fable, and magic have a distinct appeal. Not only are irrational beliefs entertained but, in the event that the person is taken to task, concrete cases in support of the belief can frequently be readily supplied. This study was projected to secure a quantitative estimate of the degree of rationality assigned by various groups representing southern Negroes and both Negroes and whites in the middle Mississippi region, and also, by a case study procedure, to ascertain the controlstrength of a restricted list including a
Density Fluctuations in Fluids Having an Internal Degree of Freedom.

The frequency spectrum of density fluctuations is calculated for a fluid whose molecules possess an internal degree of freedom which is weakly coupled to the translational degree of freedom of the fluid. Irreversible thermodynamics is used to obtain an equation of motion for the internal degree of freedom. This equation plus the linearized hydrodynamic equations are solved for the frequency spectrum of density fluctuations. The results are compared with a similar calculation involving a frequency dependent volume viscosity. The results are identical for structural relaxation but there is a difference for thermal relaxation. The origin of the difference is discussed and the magnitude of the difference is examined for CC14, and for CS2.
The GREET Model Expansion for Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) account for a significant portion of the U.S. transportation sector’s fuel consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air pollutant emissions. In our most recent efforts, we expanded the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREETTM) model to include life-cycle analysis of HDVs. In particular, the GREET expansion includes the fuel consumption, GHG emissions, and air pollutant emissions of a variety of conventional (i.e., diesel and/or gasoline) HDV types, including Class 8b combination long-haul freight trucks, Class 8b combination short-haul freight trucks, Class 8b dump trucks, Class 8a refuse trucks, Class 8a transit buses, Class 8a intercity buses, Class 6 school buses, Class 6 single-unit delivery trucks, Class 4 single-unit delivery trucks, and Class 2b heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans. These vehicle types were selected to represent the diversity in the U.S. HDV market, and specific weight classes and body types were chosen on the basis of their fuel consumption using the 2002 Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) database. VIUS was also used to estimate the fuel consumption and payload carried for most of the HDV types. In addition, fuel economy projections from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, transit databases, and the literature weremore » examined. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s latest Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator was employed to generate tailpipe air pollutant emissions of diesel and gasoline HDV types.« less
Does a vascular closure device affect the imbalance in complications between radial and femoral access

There exists a robust evidence base of superior outcomes in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with radial as opposed to femoral access Benefit of vascular closure devices to decrease femoral access complications remains a matter of contention; the evidence base is largely incomplete Vascular site complications and access site related bleeding may be as much, or more affected by access technique as by method of vascular closure.
Cut Slope Design for Stratigraphic Sequences Subject to Differential Weathering: A Case Study from OhioCut Slope Design

Designing cut slopes along Ohio highways depends on local stratigraphy and slope stability problems. Based on stratigraphy and modes of failure, cut slopes in Ohio were divided into three types: 1) those consisting of strong rock units (sandstones and limestones) that exhibit discontinuity-related failures; 2) those consisting of weak rock units (shales, claystones, and mudstones) that exhibit raveling, gully erosion, and rotational sliding; and 3) those consisting of interlayered strong and weak rock units where differential weathering causes undercutting-induced failures. Data regarding geological, geotechnical, and geometrical parameters were collected for 26 sites representing the three types of slopes and were used to perform kinematic analysis, rockfall trajectory simulations, and global stability analysis. This article focuses on the design of cut slopes in interlayered stratigraphy where differential weathering is the primary cause of slope instability. Based on stratigraphic variations, we categorized cut slopes in the interlayered units into four types: Type I—thick sandstone underlain by thick shale or claystone/mudstone; Type II—sandstone interlayered with shale or claystone/mudstone in nearly equal proportions; Type III—limestone interlayered with claystone/mudstone in nearly equal proportions; and Type IV—claystone/mudstone interlayered with minor, thin limestone layers. Based on stability analyses and rockfall simulations, we recommend cut slope designs for each stratigraphic sequence that consider slope angles for undercut units to reduce rockfall potential, slope angles for undercutting units that are close to naturally stable angles, benches to reduce undercutting and contain rockfalls, drainage to reduce erosion, and catchment ditches to contain rockfalls.
Mössbauer studies of spin wave excitations in Fe/Ag multilayers

The magnetic properties of molecular beam epitaxially (MBE) grown FE(110)/Ag(111) heterostructures were investigated with Mossbauer spectroscopy. The Fe bilayers were fixed at 3 ML (monolayer) thickness and the Ag bilayer thickness varied from 4 ML to 20 ML. We found that as the Ag layer became thick enough (>17 ML) to magnetically isolate the Fe layers, a quasi-linear temperature dependence of the hyperfine field results due to the 2-D spin wave excitations. As the Ag layer is reduced, a dimensional crossover in the excitations is induced by the magnetic interaction between Fe layers which makesM(T) change from a two-dimensionalT relation to a three-dimensionalT 3/2 dependence. We constructed a simple theoretical model to motivate the explanation for the experimental results and obtained approximate values for the interlayer coupling strength for various Ag bilayer thicknesses.
NIC displays to thwart malware attacks mounted from within the OS

This paper describes an OS-resident defensive deception approach, which can neutralize malware that has managed to infect a target machine. Such attacks account for most of the spying operations detected to date, and include malware, insider code, and Trojans that originate from compromises of the computer supply chain. The central idea that underpins this work is to display the existence of I/O devices in a computer system. While those I/O devices would not exist for real, their projection will make them appear as valid targets of interception and malicious modification, or as valid means of propagation to other target computers. We experiment with the implementation of a low-level network driver for the Windows operating system. The network driver emulates the operation of a network interface controller (NIC), and thus reports to higher-level drivers in the network stack as if the NIC were existent, fully functional, and with access to an existing computer network. We tested and evaluated NIC displays against a large sample of live malware, and thus discuss our findings in the paper.
Distal Radius Fractures

For years, distal radius fractures have been approached with the remark that “They all do well.” In many cases, this is true, even with significant displacement. But selecting patients who fit into this group can be difficult. The options and rationale for treatment of intra-articular and extra-articular distal radius fracture are discussed.
11 – Some Thermal Effects in Solids

Nothing at first can appear more difficult to believe than that the complex organs and instincts have been perfected, not by means superior to, though analogous with, human reason, but by the accumulation of innumerable slight variations, each good for the individual possessor.
Honey Catalase: Occurrence and Some Kinetic Properties

SUMMARYThere have been earlier claims of the existence of a catalase in honey, but these were based on inconclusive experiments and inappropriate methods. In the present study, a correlation of manometric and spectrophotometric findings has provided the first unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of this enzyme in honey.An investigation of some of the kinetic properties of the honey catalase revealed a pH optimum at 7–8·5 and a substrate concentration optimum at 0·018M. The Michaelis constant was 0.0154M. The effect of enzyme concentration on reaction velocity was linear. The reaction followed a first order, being dependent on the H2O2 concentration.In honey, catalase apparently serves as a control on the H2O2 equilibrium, thus regulating the activity of the honey glucose oxidase.
The Latino/a Condition

In the last forty-five years, immigration reform has brought tens of millions of new immigrants from Latin American countries to the United States. Since critical race theory pioneers Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic compiled the first edition of The Latino/a Condition in 1998, the population has continued to grow exponentially, while scholarship on Latinos/as has grown just as quickly. The second edition of The Latino/a Condition brings together a wide range of new and classic Latino and Latina voices from the fields of law, sociology, history, media studies, and politics to address questions such as: Who exactly is a Latino? Who is Hispanic? Who is Chicano? How did Spanish-speaking people come to live in the United States? Is the Latino family a source of strength or oppression? What about Catholicism? Should the United States try to control Latino immigration, and is this even possible? What are the most common media stereotypes of Latino people? Are Latinos white? What role does law play in the racial construction of the group? Collecting a wealth of perspectives on these and other issues central to the Latino/a experience, Delgado and Stefancic offer a broad portrait of Latino/a life in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Imaging Applications Optical Vortices

Advancements and reviews of imaging and instrumentation applications of optical vortices will be described. Applications include astronomy (coronagraphy for exoplanet imaging), radiation protection (PSF engineering for laser suppression), scatterometry (complete angular spectrum measurements for particle sizing), and methods of determining the degree of spatial coherence. An optical vortex phase element may be placed in a pupil plane or focal plane to benefit from the Fourier transform properties of the “twisted light”. Advanced optical devices may benefit from the additional use of deconvolution schemes to augment the spatial filtering properties of vortex-modified beams. Furthermore, Gerschberg-Saxon type iterative algorithms also provide a means to design higher order phase elements for imaging applications of complex light.
Challenges in the classification and treatment of trichotillomania

The behavioral syndrome of trichotillomania (TTM) is well characterized, but challenges pertaining to TTM remain in several areas, including diagnostic classification, assessment of severity, and determination of relevance of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Acute pharmacological studies have focused on serotonin transport inhibitors, and preliminary evidence suggests that inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (ie, by clomipramine and venlafaxine) provides a clinical improvement. Dopamine antagonists are promising agents in need of systematic evaluation in TTM. Cognitive-behavioral therapy appears to achieve a decrease in acute symptoms in many patients. However, longitudinal maintenance of benefits has not been rigorously tested with either pharmacological or behavioral therapy. Clinical impressions and treatment data indicate that achieving durability of treatment benefits remains a major challenge in many patients with TTM, although there is evidence of improved outcome with comprehensive multimodal treatment.
Scienza Delle Finanze and Public Choice

Buchanan tells of his time in Italy in the mid-1950s to study the Italian tradition of Public Finance, and he freely admits that De Viti de Marco’s ideas were in the back of his mind as he was making his decisive contribution to the creation of Public Choice. In his opinion, to understand “politics and to formulate models for the behaviour of politicians”, De Viti de Marco’s work was fundamental. One’s first impression of this contribution may be that it is mainly biographical, but it is actually of great analytical importance.
Reproducibility of corrected QT interval in pediatric genotyped long QT syndrome.

Reproducibility of corrected QT interval (QTc), especially QTc after exercise, has not been thoroughly investigated. We reviewed charts of pediatric patients who underwent treadmill-exercise stress testing without medication multiple times within 1 year. In patients with long-QT syndrome (LQTS; n = 22), the discrepancy in QTc between two treadmill exercise stress tests using Fridericia's formula was 14 ± 12 ms at rest, 13 ± 12 ms 4 min after exercise, with a maximum of 14 ± 12 ms after exercise. There was no statistically significant difference in QTc between the two tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.84, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively. In controls (n = 13), the discrepancy in QTc was 18 ± 12 ms at rest, 14 ± 7 ms 4 min after exercise, with a maximum of 14 ± 9 ms after exercise. There was no significant difference in QTc between the two tests. ICC were 0.78, 0.80, and 0.80, respectively. QTc calculated using Bazett's formula also showed high reproducibility. Reproducibility of QTc in children is high at rest and after exercise.
Eastern Whip-Poor-Wills (Antrostomus vociferus) Are Positively Associated With Low Elevation Forest In the Central Appalachians

ABSTRACT Populations of the Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) are thought to be declining because of a range of potential factors including habitat loss, pesticide use, and predation. However, this species is nocturnal and, as a consequence, it is poorly studied, and its population status is not well assessed by traditional diurnal bird surveys. We used nocturnal road surveys to study habitat associations and distribution of Eastern Whip-poor-wills to better understand and contextualize their population status and to provide a framework for subsequent research and management. We used occupancy models to associate presence of Eastern Whip-poor-wills with habitat characteristics. Global models with habitat associations at a radius of 1600 m (1.0-ha area) were the best supported by the data, suggesting that this was the scale at which the species responded to the habitat parameters we measured. At this scale, Eastern Whip-poor-wills most frequently occupied areas lower in elevation and character...
Frailty model with spline estimated nonparametric hazard function

Frailty has been introduced as a group-wise random effect to describe the within-group dependence for correlated survival data. In this article, we propose a penalized joint likelihood method for nonparametric estimation of hazard func- tion. With the proposed method, the frailty variance component and the smoothing parameters become the tuning parameters that are selected to minimize a loss func- tion derived from the Kullback-Leibler distance through delete-one cross-validation. Confidence intervals for the hazard function are constructed using the Bayes model of the penalized likelihood. Combining the functional ANOVA decomposition and the Kullback-Leibler geometry, we also derive a model selection tool to assess the covariate effects. We establish that our estimate is consistent and its nonpara- metric part achieves the optimal convergence rate. We investigate finite sample performance of the proposed method with simulations and data analysis.
Small footprint, small payoff: The military effectiveness of security force assistance

After 15 years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, many now see ‘small-footprint’ security force assistance (SFA) – training, advising and equipping allied militaries – as an alternative to large US gr...
Black Mothers' Perceptions of the Role of Race in Children's Education

Many Black parents consider racial climate and academic quality when thinking and making decisions about their children's schooling experiences. However, few studies have directly asked Black parents about the role they believe race will play in their children's schooling, if any. The authors interviewed 76 Black mothers (Mage = 34; SDage = 6.67) of children entering first grade (Mage = 6.13; SDage = 0.36), asking what role they believed race would play in their children's schooling. The authors found that mothers considered the racial composition of the school and the perspectives and behaviors of teachers and the administration to be important factors when assessing the role of race in their children's education. Mothers were also particularly concerned about the discrimination their sons may face because of their position as Black boys. Given these contextual factors, mothers considered themselves to be protective agents through their involvement in their children's academic lives.
Comparative Analyses of the Timing and Magnitude of Genotoxic and Nongenotoxic Cellular Effects in Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis

Risk assessment is a complex process. It attempts to relate adverse health effects, such as cancer induction, to exposure to potentially toxic agents. The relationship between exposure and tumor incidence is studied experimentally by administering specific exposure regimens to animals followed by lifetime observation to determine tumor incidence. A pivotal issue in risk assessment centers around the estimation of risk at low exposure levels, levels significantly below those typically used in experimental toxicology studies. To quantitatively estimate risk at low exposure levels, mathematical modeling and extrapolation procedures are necessary.
ENDOMORPHY: MODELS WITHIN INTELLIGENT AGENTS

This chapter discusses that to achieve realism, models of intelligent agents must be able to represent not only their decision-making capabilities, but also the models on which such capabilities are based. The chapter also presents modeling of air traffic control. The simulation model contains representations of aircraft being controlled and the radars that detect them as well as of the human air traffic controllers. There are three models of the controlled system in such a situation— (1) ME = model of system being controlled, external to intelligent agent; (2) MI = model of system being controlled, internal to intelligent agent; and (3) MMI = model of MI employed in the simulation. Models ME and MMI are components in a simulation model. The chapter also discusses a methodology based on a more specialized version of the abstraction relations.
The Fourier Transform on the Real Line

In Part II we developed the abstract theory of bases and frames. Now in Part III we turn to more concrete settings, and examine some frames and bases that have a specific structure. In Chapter 10 we will consider systems of weighted exponentials and systems of translates, while in Chapter 11 we turn to Gabor systems and then to wavelets in Chapter 12. Part IV, consisting of Chapters 13 and 14, is devoted to Fourier series.
Family Stress and Children's Rejection by Peers: Do Siblings Provide a Buffer?

We present two studies examining the role of siblings as possible buffers against the negative impact of family stress on children's peer relations. In Study 1, we examined associations between stress, sibling status, and peer rejection in a sample of 206 children in grades 3–5 in a majority African-American, rural, lower SES sample. In this low-income sample, higher stress was associated with more peer rejection, but having a sibling did not appear to buffer children against rejection by peers. In Study 1, we examined associations between stress, sibling status, and multiple dimensions of peer relations in a sample of 47 children in grades 3–6 in a majority Caucasian, urban, middle SES sample. In this middle-class sample, stress was unrelated to peer rejection but was associated with higher aggression, which often leads to rejection. In addition, the results from the middle class sample suggested that having a sibling may act as a buffer under high-stress conditions. The results are discussed in terms of current conceptualizations of buffering, contextual influences on family–peer links, and the need to assess multiple dimensions of children's peer-related functioning.
Chebyshev Polynomials with Integer Coefficients

We study the asymptotic structure of polynomials with integer coefficients and smallest uniform norms on an interval of the real line. Introducing methods of the weighted potential theory into this problem, we improve the bounds for the multiplicities of some factors of the integer Chebyshev polynomials.
McMahon Turns Twenty: The Regulation of Fairness in Securities Arbitration

In light of the twentieth anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision in Shearson v. McMahon enforcing a pre-dispute arbitration clause in a brokerage customer's account agreement, the author revisits the assumptions of the McMahon Court supporting its conclusion that arbitration is fair to investors. The article first explores the various sources of law, including the Federal Arbitration Act, which could require fairness in securities arbitration. The article then examines the Securities and Exchange Commission's oversight of securities arbitration, particularly in the last ten years. The article concludes that the SEC sufficiently regulates the fairness of securities arbitration, and thus the McMahon paradigm appears to be working.
Multiple surgeries in pediatric otolaryngology patients and associated anesthesia risks.

Abstract Objectives To determine the risk of healthy children undergoing tympanostomy tubes of an additional surgery prior to age three and associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients at a tertiary metropolitan children's hospital who underwent tympanostomy tube insertion procedure before age of three from January 2010 through March 2015. We determined patient demographics, indication for tympanostomy tube insertion, as well as information about additional procedures requiring general anesthesia before the age of three years. A prospective telephone interview was also performed on a portion of the study population to assess if there were additional surgeries before the age of three that did not occur at our institution. Results In our institution there was a 13% risk of getting an additional surgery after tympanostomy tubes in children who are otherwise healthy. The most common second procedure was an otolaryngologic procedure in 77.8% of the cases. Children with a diagnosis of recurrent acute otitis media had a threefold greater chance of getting an additional surgery than those with a diagnosis of chronic otitis media with effusion. Patients that identified as Black or African American were 3.2 times more likely to have additional surgery. With every year increase at age of surgery, the odds of an additional surgery decreased by 77%. Conclusions In healthy children undergoing tympanostomy tube insertion at our institution, the incidence of additional procedures under general anesthesia (GA) is low at 13%. Although there is evidence of possible deleterious effects of anesthesia on the developing brain, it is generally accepted that one short (≤1 h) anesthetic exposure under the age of three has not been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. As a specialty that regularly performs procedures on young children, we need to be aware of the possible effects of anesthetic agents on our patients. However, this study shows that the exposure risk is low and should help reassure patient's families.
The Signals Approach to Early Warning of Currency Crisis: Does It Work and Is There a Better Way?

In recent years, a number of researchers have claimed success in systematically predicting which countries are more likely to suffer currency crises, most notably Kaminsky, Lizondo, and Reinhart (1998) and its extension in Kaminsky ((1998). In this note, we assess the success of this approach, emphasizing out-of-sample testing. First, we try to answer the question: If we had been using the KLR model in late 1996, how well armed would we have been to predict the Asia crisis? Second, we analyze a more general probit-based model for predicting currency crises. In the process, we test several basic assumptions underlying the signals approach.
Co-current Partial Condensation of a Multicomponent Vapor Flowing Down Vertical Tubes – Cooling and Purification of a Reactive Mixture

Abstract Reactive multicomponent vapor condensation inside vertical tubes involves simultaneous transfer of mass and energy between vapor and condensed thin liquid film. Among the modeling tools most popular is the film theory where diffusional interactions, particularly in the vapor phase, are of critical importance for condensable components. In this work, linearization of the Krishna-Standart matrix based manipulations was made by extending the binary models of Colburn and Drew to multicomponent systems using Ackermann’s correction factor in the diffusional mass flux calculations. Preliminary results indicate sweeping effect of the light species from the vapor phase bulk to the interface by the heavy component near the tube entrance. The light product compound can condense and react even if its physical driving force for condensation is negative throughout the tube.
Game Engines Construction to Motivate Computing Concepts: Build from Scratch or Leverage Existing Systems

Game engine design and development is a highly desirable area of exploration for students involved in the computing sciences. Equally, faculty find the use of game engines to be highly compelling in upper division computing courses as they consolidate application of systems topics and usually require a team-based approach in their architectural design and implementation. As an application domain, game engines exhibit a high degree of complexity and present students with challenges related to many areas of the curricula, including graphics programming, computer architecture, operating systems, compiler theory, artificial intelligence, and much more. However, at a practical level, the use of game engines as a motivator for computing concepts and large-scale software development is beginning to change. Educators are starting to question the utility of games engines in the computing classroom given the availability of high quality, easily accessible commercial engines. In this poster, the author examines how this changing landscape influences computing educators that wish to utilize game engines as a motivator in the computing classroom. The poster provides insight into the challenges related to the software construction of game engines and the reality of new approaches and techniques that are on the horizon. The poster provides examples of means and methods to provide balance, incorporating lessons learned from new industry approaches in relation to (and not exclusion) the foundational practices of the computing sciences.