cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor size increase following preoperative radiation of soft tissue sarcomas does not affect prognosis.

Background and Objectives Administration of preoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma improves local control, while allowing for a more conservative surgical resection. During radiation treatment tumor size typically decreases or remains constant. In a subset of patients, however, a size increase in the tumor occurs. Our goal was to investigate the prognosis of patients who had a size increase of at least 20% over the course of preoperative radiotherapy versus those who did not. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 70 patients treated for localized primary STS of the extremities between January 2000 and December 2008. Kaplan–Meier curves for disease-specific and metastasis-free survival were calculated for both groups. Results Sixty-one patients had stable or decrease local tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy and nine patients had an increase of at least 20% in tumor size. There were no statistically significant differences found in disease-specific survival and metastasis-free survival (Gray's test, P = 0.93 and P = 0.68, respectively) among the two groups. Conclusion Our results indicate that a 20% increase in tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy did not result in a worse outcome for patients when compared to those who had stable or decrease local tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:723–727. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cheek cell phospholipids in human infants: a marker of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids in the diet, plasma, and red blood cells

Background: Assessment of essential fatty acid status requires collection of blood or adipose tissue samples. However, these invasive techniques cannot always he used in studies involving infants, young children, or subjects from whom it is difficult to obtain blood. A body tissue that is easy to access is the buccal mucosa (cheek cells). Objective: The objective was to investigate the degree to which fatty acids of cheek cells retlect the fatty acid content of plasma, red blood cells, and the diet. Design: Thirty-one infants aged 12 mo were enrolled. Five infants were fed human milk and 26 infants received formulas that provided a wide range of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes. Cheek cells were collected on a small piece of gauze by gently swabbing the inside of the cheek 3 times. Lipids were extracted from the gauze and the phospholipid fatty acid content of the cheek cells was determined. Results: Cheek cell DHA and arachidonic acid in phospholipids were significantly correlated with DHA and arachidonic acid in plasma [r = 0.61 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.37 (P <0.05), respectively], red blood cells [r = 0.58 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.37 (P < 0.05). respectively], and the diet [r = 0.65 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.51 (P < 0.01), respectively]. Conclusions: Given these correlations and the ease and noninvasive nature of this technique, cheek cell fatty acids may serve as a marker of the essential fatty acid content, especially of DHA and arachidonic acid, in plasma, red blood cells, and the diet.
Robot-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

The outcomes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) have demonstrated inconsistent long-term survival. We report the first clinical series of UKA using a semiactive robotic system for the implantation of an inlay unicondylar knee arthroplasty. Ten patients were selected for this study. Preoperative mechanical leg alignment values ranged from 0.3° varus to 9.8° varus. A haptic guidance system was used; a detailed description is given in the manuscript. The setup time for the robot was 41 minutes; intraoperative registration process, 7.5 minutes (6-13 minutes); skin incision, 8 cm; robot-assisted burring, 34.8 minutes (18-50 minutes); mean tourniquet time, 87.4 minutes (68-113 minutes); and overall operation time, 132 minutes (118-152 minutes). The planned and intraoperative tibiofemoral angle was within 1°. The postoperative long leg axis radiographs were within 1.6°. Haptic guidance in combination with a navigation module allows for precise planning and execution of both inlay components in UKA.
The inhibition of eukaryotic aminoacyl transferase I by chartreusin.

Abstract Chartreusin has been found to inhibit the aminoacyl transferase I specific binding of aminoacyl tRNA to washed reticulocyte ribosomes. This antibiotic also inhibits polyphenylalanine synthesis and the transferase I specific GTP hydrolysis on these ribosomes. Such inhibition by chartreusin is not reversed by preincubation of various components of the system together or by increasing the concentration of GTP, poly (U), phenylalanyl tRNA, or transferase I. Chartreusin binds strongly to the ribosomes and this binding is probably the key to the mode of inhibition by this antibiotic.
Finding the abstract from the concrete: considering the use of popular culture artefacts to examine the Model of Expertise Redevelopment

The purpose of this paper is to examine popular culture artefacts (PCA) as a way to better understand the abstract ideas and theories of expertise. To explore this concept, the Model of Expertise Redevelopment (MER) (Grenier, R. S., and M. Kehrhahn. 2008. “Toward an Integrated Model of Expertise Redevelopment and Its Implications for HRD.” Human Resource Development Review 7 (2): 198–217) is explained and PCA are applied to components of the model. This process demonstrates the potential of PCA as a way for individuals to judge and apply concepts of expertise to concrete examples. A review of MER and PCA are offered, and three illustrative PCA cases from reality television and You Tube are presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential for PCA to inform Human Resource Development (HRD) practice and our understandings of expertise.
A critical look at the definition of multidimensional separations.

Abstract Multidimensional (MD) separations, especially comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) separations such as comprehensive 2D LC (LC × LC), and comprehensive 2D GC (GC × GC), are potentially powerful separation techniques. It is important to have a clear definition of MD techniques to better understand the scope and boundaries of the subject. Widely accepted definitions of MD Separations have their roots in the definition proposed by Giddings. Giddings also added several comments that clarified the scope of his definition. However, some researchers extend Giddings’ definitions beyond their intended scope. Doing so disqualifies such comprehensive 2D techniques as LC × LC, GC × GC and 2D TLC from being considered as 2D techniques. In other instances, extended treatment of Giddings’ definition is used as a basis to justify design-parameters of comprehensive 2D separations despite the fact that these parameters lead to sub-optimal implementations. We believe that the shortcomings in the definition and its popular interpretations are serious enough to warrant attention, especially by those interested in designing optimal instrumentation for MD separations like comprehensive 2D GC. After discussion of the weaknesses in the currently used definitions, we propose to define n-dimensional analysis as one that generates n-dimensional displacement information. We believe that this definition captures the spirit of Giddings’ definition while avoiding the problems associated with its popular interpretations.
Effect of Phonon Energy Loss on Photoemissive Yield near Threshold

A phenomenological band-theoretic model for photoelectric emission which includes the effects of energy loss due to phonon scattering is developed. The model is applicable near threshold when the optical absorption depth is large compared to the phonon scattering length of hot electrons, and is particularly useful for cesiated surfaces with positive electron affinity. It is shown that in the low-photon-energy range one must include the dispersion of the optical constants in the yield expression. Formulas are given for photoelectric yield and for energy distribution curves in the cases of direct, indirect, and nondirect volume transitions; direct transitions give the commonly observed cube law for yield near threshold, changing to linear and square laws at higher energy. The theory is illustrated on experimental data for the following cesiated single crystals: Si (indirect transitions), GaAs, GaSb, ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.6}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.4}$As, and Ge (all direct transitions), and is shown to provide in each case an excellent fit over a range of at least ${10}^{3}$ in the yield (1 eV in photon energy). Its applicability to amorphous materials is discussed and illustrated on Ge. Information on hot-electron scattering lengths in the above materials is also extracted and the voltage dependence (due to barrier lowering) of the yield predicted by this model is given.
First commissioning results for the elliptically polarizing undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source

Abstract A new facility at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for high resolution magnetic spectroscopy is described. Beamline 4.0.2 has an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) and a high resolution monochromator, covering the energy range from 90 to 1800 eV. In this paper, we present the first commissioning results from this beamline, including measurements of the spectral resolution, photon flux and polarization of the x-rays.
Daptomycin use in neutropenic patients with documented gram-positive infections

Purpose The goal of this study was to describe the outcomes associated with daptomycin treatment of documented gram-positive infections in patients with neutropenia.
Clinical and economic impact of Apligraf for the treatment of nonhealing venous leg ulcers.

Background Controlled studies have shown that Apligraf® (Organogenesis Inc., Canton, USA) is more economical and more effective at healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs) than compression therapy alone. However, the clinical and economic impact of Apligraf on healing VLUs in clinical practice has not been fully examined. Methods A medical chart review was conducted of patients who were treated with Apligraf for one or more nonhealing VLUs over a 2-year period at the Henry Ford Hospital. Following Apligraf treatment, patients were followed for up to 9 months. Primary clinical outcome measures were mean change in baseline ulcer size (cm2) per week and percent reduction in baseline ulcer size at final study visit. Economic evaluation of Apligraf treatment was based on VLU-related medical care costs (US$) in relation to ulcer size (cm2) changes before and after Apligraf therapy. Results Thirteen patients with 21 chronic VLUs were treated with Apligraf. All had at least one comorbidity, most commonly hypertension (38%). Twelve patients were known to have had a prior history of VLU. At baseline, mean ulcer duration was 23.9 months and median ulcer size was 13.5 cm2; for the 6 months preceding Apligraf treatment, in which patients received conventional compression therapy, mean ulcer size increased +0.72 cm2 per week. During the Apligraf post-treatment study period, mean ulcer size decreased by −2.37 cm2 per week. At final clinic visit, ulcers exhibited an average 60.5% reduction in baseline size; 21 ulcers (n = 13) showed 75% or greater reduction in size, compared with baseline. Economic data were available for five patients; among these individuals ulcer-related medical costs per unit change in ulcer size were lower following Apligraf treatment relative to such costs with conventional compression therapy applied during the Apligraf pretreatment period. Conclusions In a clinical practice setting, Apligraf is more effective and more economical at healing VLUs than conventional therapy alone.
Contactless Ultrasonic Energy Transfer: Acoustic-Piezoelectric Structure Interaction Modeling and Performance Enhancement

The harvesting of ambient vibrations for powering wireless electronic components has been heavily researched over the last decade. As long as sufficient vibrational energy is readily available in the neighborhood of small electronic devices, it is possible to achieve mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion by means of a proper transduction mechanism and thereby enable self-powered wireless electronic systems. An alternative scenario is the case in which the wireless electronic component has little or no vibrational energy available in its environment, yet wireless charging of its battery is still of great interest. Examples to this scenario range from medical implants to underwater sensor networks. The goal in such systems is to charge the electronic component by contactless transfer of energy without relying on mechanical or electrical connection to the wireless component. The commonly used transduction methods of wireless energy transfer are known to be inductive, capacitive, far-field electromagnetic, and optical coupling. Acoustic energy transfer based on the propagation of energy at ultrasonic frequencies is a recently explored alternative. As this field receives growing attention, it is required to develop fully coupled modeling framework to quantify the energy transfer characteristics with a focus on the transmitter, receiver, fluid medium, as well as geometric and material parameters. In this paper, we present multiphysics modeling of contactless ultrasonic energy transfer for wireless electronic components submerged in liquid medium. The source is a pulsating sphere and the receiver is a piezoelectric transducer operating in the 33-mode of piezoelectricity with fundamental underwater resonance frequency above the audible frequency range. The goal is to quantify the electrical power transmitted from the source to the electrical load across the electrodes of the receiver in terms of the source strength for a given distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Both analytical and finite-element models are developed for the resulting acoustic-piezoelectric structure interaction problem. Fixed-free and free-free mechanical boundary conditions are considered for the fluid loaded receiver to validate the analytical model against multiphysics finite-element simulations. For the electrical boundary conditions across the electrodes, resistive and resistive-inductive loads are considered. Specifically broadband power transfer is achieved by optimal resistive-inductive load tuning for performance enhancement. Effects of various system parameters on the electroelastic response are explored. The analytical model developed in this work can be used to predict and optimize the multiphysical system dynamics with very good accuracy and substantially improved computational efficiency as compared to finite-element modeling using commercial packages.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Some Studies of Free-Surface Mercury Magnetohydrodynamics

The investigations had their origin in a suggestion to modify a water table as used to study the conventional hydraulic analogy by employing a conducting fluid flowing through a transverse magnetic field. A device using mercury was constructed to consider the possibility of a
Information And Artifact In Second-Order Statistics From Computed Tomography (CT) Images

In conventional computed tomography images, only the average CT number, which is a first-order statistical parameter, is used to characterize the tissues by giving an estimate of tissue density. Second-order statistical parameters such as the signal variance and cross-correlation function have also been used to obtain additional information to discriminate between certain tissues and lesions. However, the contribution of quantum noise to the signal variance and cross-correlation function creates, for the conventional CT patient dose, a background signal often larger than the signal containing the information about tissue structure. The misleading information, called "artifacts," in second-order image statistics caused by quantum noise is studied. The distribution of the contribution of quantum noise to second-order statistical parameters is object-dependent, space dependent, and "nonlocal." The term "nonlocal" refers to the wide-ranging effects of nonlinear artifacts on the distribution of second-order statistical parameters. We present an analysis and examples of some of the artifacts encountered and also comment on how these artifacts affect the potential of these parameters for clinical use, such as tissue characterization.
THE EFFECTS OF SELF‐REGULATORY COPING ORIENTATION ON NEWCOMER ADJUSTMENT AND JOB SURVIVAL

In a field experiment new hires to entry-level service jobs were randomly assigned to either a comparison group, which received information warning of negative aspects of the job and information about specific coping behaviors, or to an experimental group, which received the same information as the comparison group, plus training in cognitive restructuring and positive self-talk, and statements to bolster self-efficacy. It was expected that the experimental group would exhibit less turnover and report higher levels of supportiveness, satisfaction, and commitment and less anxiety than the Comparison Group. However, the experimental group exhibited more early turnover. The coping information provided to the Experimental Group increased perceptions of negative job information, and such perceptions may have resulted in a self-selection effect. Of those remaining at 4 weeks, those from the experimental group were significantly more likely to report intentions to remain for a year or longer, and to report greater job satisfaction.
The triangle of poverty, economic growth, and inequality in Central America: does tourism matter?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between tourism, economic growth, inequality, and poverty reduction in the five countries of Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). Design/methodology/approach – The study represents the first application of panel data modeling of poverty, economic growth and inequality as related to Central America. Unbalanced panel data are employed for the five Central America countries for the period 1980-2012. Findings – The findings reveal three results: the relationship between poverty, inequality and economic growth varies relatively very little for different measures of economic growth; the null hypothesis that economic growth and inequality does not matter is rejected at the 1 percent level, and the coefficients are highly significant and with the expected signs; tourism matters for poverty reduction in Central America. Originality/value – The paper represents the first application of panel data modeling povert...
The Death of an Indian Rhinoceros

In 1834, the London Zoological Society purchased a male Indian Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, at the request of the anatomist, Richard Owen. Fifteen years later, the rhinoceros died from traumatic injuries, and the necropsy performed by Owen led to the very first discovery of parathyroid glands. Around this time, Richard Owen and Charles Darwin vehemently disagreed with one another about the theory of natural selection. Their public feud sparked the public’s interest in Darwin and his theory while Owen became less popular despite his many accomplishments in the scientific world. Not until decades after Owen’s death was his contribution to the identification of parathyroid glands discovered. Because his discovery is considered pivotal to the history of endocrine surgery, we sought to investigate the circumstances surrounding the rhinoceros’ death, its dissection, and Owen’s initial discovery.
Lack of correlation between 2D:4D ratio and assertiveness in college age women

Abstract The ratio of the second and fourth digits of the human hand (2D:4D ratio) is an indirect measure of prenatal exposure to testosterone, with a lower ratio indicating higher exposure ( Manning, 2002 ). Based on a previous report by Wilson (1983) that women with low 2D:4D ratios were more likely to describe themselves as assertive, we examined the correlation between 2D:4D ratio and score on the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS, Rathus, 1973 ). While Wilson (1983) depended on self-reports of finger length and used a chi-square analysis that did not quite reach statistical significance, we measured finger length from photocopied hands and used a parametric statistical analysis by the Pearson product correlation coefficient. We recruited 70 female college age participants without history of injury to the right hand, administered the RAS and then calculated 2D:4D ratio based on measurements taken from photocopies of the participants’ right hands. Unlike Wilson (1983) , we found no significant relationship between digit ratio and assertiveness, r (68) = −0.0128, p > 0.05. Our findings suggest that variations in prenatal exposure to testosterone within the normal phenotypic range during the period of 2D:4D differentiation have little to no effect on assertiveness in women.
An efficient synthesis of optically pure (S)-2-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

Abstract Using a copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of amino acid and aryl halide, followed by intramolecular cyclization of N -aryl-1-hydroxyl-3-propylamines under the Swern’s condition as the key steps, ( S )-2-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline was synthesized as an example of optically pure 2-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography features in niacin maculopathy.

Sir, We report the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in a case of niacin maculopathy. To the best of our knowledge, only time domain OCT has been reported; SD-OCT yields better resolution of the affected retinal layers in this unusual disorder.
Purification and characterization of acyl-CoA carboxylase from the goose uropygial gland which produces multimethyl-branched acids and evidence for its identity with avian acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Abstract Acyl-CoA carboxylase was purified from the 140,000 g supernatant of the goose uropygial gland extract by means of Sepharose 4B-CL gel filtration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography with monomeric avidin-Sepharose 4B-CL. The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum of 8 and had a specific activity ranging from 2–8 μmol/min/mg protein for acetyl-CoA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis showed a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 238,000. Carboxylase activity was stimulated threefold by 20 m m citrate. Maximal activity was observed with 25 m m bicarbonate, 10 m m Mg 2+ , 3 m m ATP, and 1 to 2 m m acyl-CoA. The enzyme carboxylated acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, pentanoyl-CoA, and hexanoyl-CoA, with a V of 8.8, 5.7, 0.9, 0.04, and 0.03 μmol/min/mg, respectively; K m values for the five CoA esters were quite similar. The carboxylated products from these substrates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. This carboxylase was inhibited by sodium and chloride ions. Chemical modification of the enzyme with pyridoxal-5′-phosphate showed inhibition of activity that was time and concentration dependent. The inhibition was reversed by dilution except when treated with sodium borohydride before dilution. Acetyl-CoA partially (40%) protected the enzyme from inhibition, whereas 3′-dephosphoacetyl-CoA, which showed a K m 3.5 times that of acetyl-CoA, was much less efficient in protecting the enzyme against inactivation by pyridoxal phosphate. These results suggest that the ϵ-amino group of a lysine residue is involved in binding acetyl-CoA via interaction with the 3′-phosphate. Chemical modification of the enzyme with phenylglyoxal showed inhibition of activity that was time and concentration dependent. However, none of the substrates protected the enzyme from inactivation; citrate partially protected the enzyme, possibly by changing the configuration of the enzyme. Amino acid analysis of the protein showed striking similarities with carboxylases purified from other animals. Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis with rabbit antiserum prepared against the gland enzyme showed fusion of precipitation lines with the enzymes from goose liver and chicken liver. These results strongly support the conclusion that the uropygial gland, which synthesizes multimethyl-branched acids, employs the same carboxylase as that present in other tissues.
DISTRIBUTION OF NORMAL ISOPRENOLOGS OF COENZYME Q AND DIHYDRO COENZYME Q10 IN VARIOUS MOLDS.

Abstract The coenzymes Q found in 18 molds were examined by paper chromatography, melting point, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. In the six following organisms, CoQ 9 was the major component: Aspergillus niger, Mucor abundans, Penicillium brevi-compactum, Penicillium charlesii, Penicillium chrysogenum , and Penicillium notatum . Two molds contained CoQ 10 : Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium fulvum . The following ten organisms contained dihydro CoQ 10 as the major component: Alternaria solani, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, Aspergillus quadrilineatus, Aspergillus terreus, Cephalosporium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia lunata, Gibberella fujikuroi , and Neurospora crassa . In the latter molds, the presence of ten C 5 units was further confirmed by hydrogenation to the perhydroquinone structure, followed by paper chromatographic comparison with authentic perhydro CoQ 10 . In many cases, small amounts of other isoprenelogs accompanied the major CoQ component. In all of these molds, ergosterol was the major sterol component.
Evaluation of single agents and combinations of chemotherapeutic agents in mouse colon carcinomas

Single agents and combinations of agents were tested for antitumor activity against four transplantable colon tumors in mice. The most impressive anti-tumor activity was obtained with anguidine and the combination of anguidine + 5-FU against colon adenocarcinoma No. 38. Antitumor potentiation was obtained when the combination was injected simultaneously on a Q7d schedule (two experiments), but not on an alternating schedule of administration (3 or 4 days separating injections of the two agents). Anguidine was highly active only in a colon tumor that was very responsive to 5-FU. The correlation between high 5-FU sensitivity and high anguidine sensitivity may be coincidental or could be of predictive value. Other active single agents and combinations of agents against one or more of the colon tumors include 5-FU, 5-FUdR, MeCCNU, BCNU, homoharringtonine, ara-C, Cis-Pt-II, dianhydrogalactitol, piperazinedione, cyclophosphamide; MeCCNU + 5-FU; Adriamycin + 5-FU; Adriamycin + cyclophosphamide; Adriamycin + palmO-ara-C; cyclophosphamide + procarbazine; and 5-FU + palmO-ara-C. (The combination of 5-FU + palmO-ara-C was potentiating only on an alternating schedule.) The results of surgery-chemotherapy adjuvant treatment of metastatic colon tumors established that if an agent or a combination was highly active against moderately advanced tumor masses, this treatment was also highly active after surgery against residual metastatic disease. The converse was also true. That is, if the agent or combination was inactive or marginally active against moderately advanced disease, the treatment was also relatively ineffectual after surgery against residual metastatic disease. Based on surgical-adjuvant experiments with colon tumor No. 26, the following agents and combinations are conditionally recommended: MeCCNU + 5-FU; MeCCNU + Ara-C; cyclophosphamide + Ara-C; BCNU+ 5-FU and MeCCNU. It is also assumed that those agents active against the advanced disease are likely to be active after surgery against residual metastatic cells. Thus, agents highly active against advanced-stage colon adenocarcinoma No. 38 are possible candidates for adjuvant therapy. On this basis, anguidine and anguidine + 5-FU are recommended.
Equilibrium Acidities of Some Sulfones and Sulfoxides in Tetrahydrofuran[1]

Abstract Ion pair acidities are reported in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution for the lithium and cesium salts of several sulfones and one sulfoxide. These salts are shown to be monomeric in the THF solutions studied. Thermodynamic constants are reported for several salts. The results and some conductivity studies show that both the lithium and cesium salts are contact ion pairs in THF. Because of ion association the relative pKs are slightly lower for cesium salts and much lower for lithium salts than for the free ions in DMSO solution. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

Given that the pregnane neurosteroid, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), is increased following behavioral challenges (e.g., mating), and that there is behavioral-induced biosynthesis of 3α,5α-THP in midbrain and mesocorticolimbic structures, 3α,5α-THP likely has a role in homeostasis and motivated reproduction and reproduction-related behaviors (e.g., affect, affiliation). The role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR), involved in cholesterol metabolism, for these effects is of continued interest. We hypothesized that there would be differences in brain levels of 3α,5α-THP following varied behavioral experiences, an effect abrogated by knockdown of PXR in the midbrain. Proestrous rats were infused with PXR antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) or vehicle to the ventral tegmental area before different behavioral manipulations and assessments. Endpoints were expression levels of PXR in the midbrain, 3α,5α-THP, and ovarian steroids (estradiol, progesterone, dihydroprogesterone) in the midbrain, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and plasma. Across experiments, knocking down PXR reduced PXR expression and 3α,5α-THP levels in the midbrain and hippocampus. There were differences in terms of the behavioral manipulations, such that paced mating had the most robust effects to increase 3α,5α-THP levels and reduce open field exploration and social interaction. An additional question that was addressed is whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a downstream factor for regulating effects of behavioral-induced 3α,5α-THP biosynthesis. Rats infused with PXR AS-ODNs had lower levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Thus, PXR may be a regulator of mating-induced 3α,5α-THP formation and behavioral changes and neural plasticity, such as BDNF.
Rotational magnetization measurements on magnetic particle recording tape

Rotational vector measurements have been made on a magnetic particle tape for a sequence of rotating applied fields. From these measurements, polar plots are made of the magnetization trajectories. The rotational accommodation and the rotational energy losses are computed from these trajectories as a function of the applied field.
Risk taking and presidential voting: gambling on McGovern and Carter

Abstract Although the literature is divided on the possible relationship between personality and gambling, there is some evidence that American gamblers employ decision rules different from those of nongamblers, with the former choosing on the basis of expected utility and the latter deciding on maximum regret or payoff, without considering the odds. These findings fit into the framework of Thorson (1976), who suggested that some voters may decide between candidates for public office by using an expected-utility framework, whereas others may seek to minimize their maximum possible regret. Using data from the 1972–1976 American National Election Panel Study, the results suggest that those who have gambled for money in the past are more likely to employ an expected-utility framework, whereas those who lack experience in gambling are more likely to employ a minimax-regret strategy. In both the 1972 and 1976 Presidential elections, this tendency was particularly strong among those who were predisposed by part...
Rethinking Community Collaboration Through a Dialogic Lens: Creativity, Democracy, and Diversity in Community Organizing

Community collaboration has become an influential interorganizational phenomenon that provides innovative solutions for social problems. This critical case study uses dialogic theory to investigate how collaboration stakeholders negotiate creative and democratic outcomes. Findings demonstrate how a dialogic moment, although embedded in a homogenous partnership that facilitated discursive closure, constituted meaningful organizational change. The study empirically extends the theoretical claim that diversity resides in the communication situation and reveals that collaboration practices and stakeholder models are better understood when grounded in dialogic theory.
Directed evolution of biocatalysts

Directed evolution is being used increasingly in academic and industrial laboratories to modify and improve important biocatalysts. Significant advances during this period of review include compartmentalization of genes and the in vitro translation apparatus in emulsions, as well as several impressive demonstrations of catalyst improvement. Shuffling of homologous genes offers a new way to utilize natural diversity in the evolution of novel catalysts.
Dynamical analysis of pressure-drop type oscillations with a planar model

Abstract A planar system is formulated for pressure-drop type oscillations in a single-channel boiling system, and the pressure-drop type oscillations are analyzed from the perspective of dynamical system theory. The planar system is developed by using a lumped parameter model, in which the system inlet pressure and the mass flow rate are coupled. The results of Hopf bifucation analysis, the stability criteria and the limit cycles of the pressure-drop type oscillations obtained from the model agree well with experimental results.
Tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces

Abstract We present a review of the principles of scanning tunneling microscopy and of its extensions by modulation techniques. Emphasis is placed on topographic studies of semiconductor surfaces with atomic resolution, finite voltage effects and surface state detection by tunneling spectroscopy. Results obtained for an ordered Au/Si(111) overlayer illustrate the versatility of this unique local probe of structural and electronic surface properties.
Interaction between VA-mycorrhizal fungus and Azotobacter and their combined effects on growth of tall fescue

The effect ofAzotobacter chroococcum Beij. on tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) isolated from spores ofGlomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Dry masses of leaves, culms, and roots of tall fescue were significantly higher when tall fescue was inoculated with both Azotobacter and Glomus than with Azotobacter alone. Molybdenum had no significant effect on fescue when added with Azotobacter alone. When molybdenum was added to Azotobacter plus Glomus, however, the dry mass of tall fescue increased significantly.
Analysis for Science Librarians of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: The Life and Work of John O’Keefe, Edvard Moser, and May-Britt Moser

Navigation and awareness of space is a complicated cognitive process that requires sensory input and calculation, as well as spatial memory. The 2014 Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine, John O’Keefe, Edvard Moser, and May-Britt Moser, have worked to explain how an environmental map forms and is used in the brain (Nobelprize.org 2014b). O’Keefe discovered place cells that allow the brain to learn and remember specific locations. The Mosers added the second part of the “positioning system in the brain” with their discovery of grid cells, which provide the brain with a navigational coordinate system (Nobelprize.org 2014b).
A REVIEW OF BAUM'S REVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF RADICAL BEHAVIORISM

Baum expressed numerous concerns about my Conceptual Foundations of Radical Behaviorism in his review. If his review were an independent submission and I were an independent referee, I would recommend that his review be rejected and that he be encouraged to revise and resubmit, once he has studied the field a bit more and clarified for himself and journal readers several important matters. I outline two sets of concerns that he might usefully clarify in his revision: (a) the important contributions of B. F. Skinner to a book about radical behaviorism, and (b) the nature of private behavioral events. In particular, the methodological behaviorism inherent in Baum's position needs to be resolved.
Effect of dust accumulation on solar transmittance through glass covers of plate-type collectors

Abstract Dust accumulation on glass plates with different tilt angles and associated reductions in solar transmittance have been experimentally investigated over a period of 1 year under the climate conditions of the Minia region, middle of Egypt. The glass plates were never cleaned during the experiment duration of 1 month to allow dust to accumulate. The results showed that the fractional reduction in glass normal transmittance depends strongly on dust deposition in conjunction with plate tilt angle, as well as on the exposure period and site climate conditions. Based on the data obtained, an empirical correlation, accurate to ±6%, is developed which allows for the calculation of the reduction in glass transmittance for a given tilt angle after a number of days of exposure to the atmosphere. For design purposes and in the absence of any specific data, the literature comparisons encourage the use of the correlation for other neighboring regions along the desert belt that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Persian Gulf. For moderately dusty places, weekly cleaning of the glass covers of solar panels is strictly recommended as part of the maintenance routine, but equipment should be cleaned immediately after a dust storm to retain nominal operating efficiency.
Planned vs emergent cesarean hysterectomy

Objective The aim of this study was to compare operative and postpartum outcomes between planned and emergent cesarean hysterectomy. Study Design In this multicenter retrospective review over a 5-year period, 65 cases of cesarean hysterectomy (30 planned vs 35 emergent) were identified. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were extracted and stratified by group (planned vs emergent). Results Patients who underwent an emergent cesarean hysterectomy were more likely to have higher estimated blood loss (2597.1 ± 1369.4 mL vs 1963.3 ± 1180.2 mL; P = .05), have transfusion (66% vs 33%; P = .02), and require greater quantities of packed red blood cells (4.49 ± 4.7 ×10 12 /L vs 1.6 ± 3.1 ×10 12 /L; P = .006) compared with the planned cesarean hysterectomy group. Patients who underwent emergent cesarean hysterectomy had higher overall complication rates (37% vs 66%; P = .03) and more intensive care unit admissions (7% vs 29%; P = .03). Conclusion After planned cesarean hysterectomy, patients had a significantly lower rate of blood loss, less need for blood transfusions, and fewer complications compared with patients who underwent an emergent cesarean hysterectomy.
Radial velocity studies of cataclysmic binaries. II. The ultrashort period dwarf nova T Leonis.

Spectroscopic and photometric observations of T Leo which reveal the object to be an ultrashort period dwarf nova are presented. In particular, the analysis indicates that T Leo has an orbital period of 84.69936 (plus or minus 0.00068) minutes, which is the third shortest orbital period of any known cataclysmic variable and the shortest known for any U Gem type dwarf nova. These observations enable the placement of upper limits of 0.19 and 0.4 solar mass on the mass of the red dwarf and white dwarf, respectively. The overall energy distribution is relatively flat (f-sub-lambda approximately constant) which is consistent with a low mass accretion rate. The models of Williams and Ferguson (1982) suggest that the mass accretion rate is about 10 to the -10th solar mass/yr. A narrow peak component of H-alpha is observed, the phasing of which cannot be explained by the canonical hot spot model. Possible explanations for its origin are presented and discussed. It is predicted that future observations of T Leo may reveal the object to be a SU UMa type dwarf nova.
The Snedden-Farnsworth Exchanges of 1917 and 1918 on the Value of Music and Art in Education.

In 1917 and 1918, Charles Hubert Farnsworth, a leading music educator from Teachers College, Columbia University, and David Snedden, a critic and educational theorist of national repute, privately exchanged views on the role of art and music in society and in education. Snedden mulled over Herbert Spencer's query “What knowledge is of most worth?” and concluded that music must have practical survival value: it must contribute primarily to the maintenance of social and political order and secondarily to other aims. Farnsworth, on the other hand, thought that music performance or appreciation should be for the immediate joy that it gives the individual, not for some deferred social purpose no matter how important it might be. These divergent positions are explained in light of Farnsworth's interests in philosophy and Snedden's schooling in Spencerian and Darwinian thought.
Mortality of stored-peanut insects exposed to mixtures of atmospheric gases at various temperatures

Abstract Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults and larvae and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) larvae were exposed for 7 and 14 days to conditioned binary and ternary mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide at 15·6, 26·7 and 37·8°C. The moth larvae were more susceptible to changes in the atmospheric gas concentrations and high temperatures than the beetle adults or larvae. In general, mortalities increased by extending the exposure from 7 to 14 days, increasing the temperature from 15·6 to 37·8°C, decreasing the oxygen concentration within binary or ternary mixture, or increasing the carbon dioxide concentration. Apparently, atmospheres lethal to the test insects can contain up to 15 per cent of oxygen if about 36 per cent of carbon dioxide is also present. In the absence of carbon dioxide, lethal atmospheres were obtained when the oxygen was reduced to about 1 per cent.
Wide area measurement system for smart grid applications involving hybrid energy sources

This paper presents a model and experimental verification for a complete scenario of a proposed wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs). The proposed system is feasible for hybrid smart ac/dc power networks; such as grid-connected PV-power plants. The purpose is to increase the overall system reliability for all power stages via significant dependence on WAMS as distributed intelligence agents with improved monitoring, protection, and control capabilities of the power networks. The developed system is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The system was tested under two different cases; normal operation and fault state. Furthermore, the proposed WAMS was experimentally validated with results obtained from a reduced scale setup which built and tested in the laboratory based on the Hardware-in-the-loop concept. It was verified that the power system status can be easily monitored and controlled in real time by using the measured bus data in real time. This improves the overall system reliability and avoids cascaded blackout during fault occurrence. The simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed WAMS technology for smart grid applications.
Successful surgical intervention in severe chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

A 69-year-old man, in whom extensive embolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries had likely been present for ten years, and who exhibited marked pulmonary hypertension and compromise of right ventricular function, was submitted to thromboendarterectomy. The course after surgery included extensive hemorrhagic infiltration of the reperfused lung zones (predicted before operation), which required special management. Four months after surgery, reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance of almost 50 percent was demonstrated. The patient is improved and maintains normal activity more than two years after surgery. The patient demonstrates that, despite several negative features before operation, successful thromboendarterectomy is possible, if recent technical and conceptual advances are applied in a coordinated manner during all phases of management.
Parallel Analysis of Transcript and Translation Profiles: Identification of Metastasis-Related Signal Pathways Differentially Regulated by Drug and Genetic Modifications

The efficiency of metastasis from the highly aggressive polyoma middle T-induced mouse mammary tumors was suppressed by either prolonged caffeine exposure or by breeding the animal to a low metastastic mouse strain. Molecular profiles of the primary tumors from both metastasis-suppressed classes were then derived to identify molecules and pathways that might underlie a common mechanism of metastasis. A number of differentially regulated genes and proteins were identified, including genes encoding basement membrane components, which were inversely related to metastatic efficiency. In addition, the analysis revealed that the Stat signal transduction pathways were potentially associated with metastasis inhibition, as demonstrated by enhanced Stat1 activation, and decreased Stat5 phosphorylation in both genetic and pharmacological modification models. Tumor cells of low-metastatic genotypes also demonstrated anti-apoptotic properties. The common changes of these pathways in all of the metastasis-suppressed systems suggest that they may be critical components in the metastatic cascade, at least in this model system. Our data demonstrate that analysis of common changes in genes and proteins in a metastatic-related context greatly decrease the complexity of data analysis, and may serve as a screening tool to identify biological important factors from large scale data.