cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Black-white asymmetry in visual perception

With eleven different types of stimuli that exercise a wide gamut of spatial and temporal visual processes, negative perturbations from mean luminance are found to be typically 25% more effective visually than positive perturbations of the same magnitude (range 8-67%). In Experiment 12, the magnitude of the black-white asymmetry is shown to be a saturating function of stimulus contrast. Experiment 13 shows black-white asymmetry primarily involves a nonlinearity in the visual representation of decrements. Black-white asymmetry in early visual processing produces even-harmonic distortion frequencies in all ordinary stimuli and in illusions such as the perceived asymmetry of optically perfect sine wave gratings. In stimuli intended to stimulate exclusively second-order processing in which motion or shape are defined not by luminance differences but by differences in texture contrast, the black-white asymmetry typically generates artifactual luminance (first- order) motion and shape components. Because black-white asymmetry pervades psychophysical and neurophysiological procedures that utilize spatial or temporal variations of luminance, it frequently needs to be considered in the design and evaluation of experiments that involve visual stimuli. Simple procedures to compensate for black-white asymmetry are proposed.
THE EFFECTS OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION FOR PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS

This article utilizes administrative data to examine both short- and long-term employment impacts for people with cognitive impairments who applied for vocational rehabilitation services in Virginia in 2000. These data provide long-term quarterly information on services and employment outcomes. We model behavior, allow for multiple service choices, use long-run labor market data, and use valid instruments. Results imply that services generally have positive long-run labor market outcome effects that appear to substantially exceed the cost of providing services.
Cyclophilin D and Acetylation: A New Link in Cardiac Signaling

In this issue, Nguyen et al1 revealed an unexpected role of the protein posttranslational modification (PTM), lysine acetylation, in signal transduction inside cardiac mitochondria. Using a combination of proteomics and biochemical techniques, the authors discovered that the deletion of cyclophilin D (CypD−/−) results in widespread increases in the acetylation of multiple mitochondrial proteins. CypD is a mitochondrial peptidyl prolyl cis - trans isomerase best known for its role in promoting mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and the resulting cell death and was previously not associated with PTM signaling. The findings shed light on why CypD−/− mice had decreased fatty acid oxidation capacity in the heart and how CypD−/− loss paradoxically protects against ischemic injury but promotes heart failure. Article, see p 1308 Many recent works attempted to understand the PTM targets, occupancy, functions, and dynamics of mitochondrial proteins in the heart.2–4 These cellular signaling mechanisms are thought to fine-tune the metabolic and energetic output of the heart. Furthermore, cardioprotective PTM signals converge at cardiac mitochondria to modulate cell death outcome during ischemic injury.5 Therefore, understanding how the signals transduce inside the organelles is an outstanding objective that can lead to better therapies. It has recently emerged that lysine acetylation on nonhistone proteins is a dynamic and reversible PTM that modulates a wide range of cellular processes including metabolism.6 In a previous publication, it was found that …
The mammalian Rad24 homologous to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad24 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad17 is involved in DNA damage checkpoint

Cell cycle checkpoint proteins play critical roles in maintaininggenomic stability and integrity to prevent
LIVER DISEASE CAUSED BY DISORDERS OF BILE ACID SYNTHESIS

Bile acid synthetic disorders (BASD) have been recognized in the past decade as a category of genetic diseases responsible for an estimated 1% to 2% of progressive infantile cholestatic diseases that were previously classified as idiopathic. 1,2,19,21,22,25 This classification is a consequence of the introduction into clinical medicine of the rapidly improving instrumentation of mass spectrometry permitting application of this technology to a nagging clinical problem, the persistent cholestatic disorders of early life. Dietary substitution of normal primary bile acids has proved to be effective treatment for certain of these liver diseases. Untreated, BASD result in progressive liver cell injury, presumably caused by intracellular accumulation of atypical bile acids. The morphologic manifestations are indistinguishable from neonatal hepatitis with giant cell transformation (GCT), irrespective of cause. This resemblance suggests that the insights provided by the study of liver disease in patients with BASD may have legitimate application to other cholestatic liver diseases in infants.
Fault zone strength and failure criteria

This paper discusses Coulomb failure criteria for brittle deformation of intact rock and fault gouge. Data are presented from laboratory experiments designed to identify the critical gouge layer thickness required to effect a transition from the standard Coulomb criterion to a modified failure law (referred to as Coulomb plasticity) appropriate for simple shear of a gouge layer. Experiments were carried out using tension fractures and quartz powder to simulate granular fault gouge. Fractures sheared without gouge obey the standard Coulomb law. A 0.6mm-thick gouge layer was required to effect the transition to Coulomb plasticity. I test and reject the hypothesis that fault zone strength and apparent coefficient of internal friction can be predicted from fracture of intact rock simply by accounting for differences in the failure laws and without considering variations in the Coulomb parameters. The data presented indicate that the stress state required for Coulomb plasticity is not developed within very thin gouge layers. This work implies that brittle fault zones have lower friction than predictions based on the strength of intact rock. However, the magnitude of this weakening effect is small (for example, a coefficient of sliding friction of 0.75 would be reduced to 0.6) and thus it is not an independent explanation of the apparent weakness of mature faults.
Examination of phase retrieval algorithms for patterned EUV mask metrology

We evaluate the performance of several phase retrieval algorithms using through-focus aerial image measurements of patterned EUV photomasks. Patterns present a challenge for phase retrieval algorithms due to the high- contrast and strong diffraction they produce. For this study, we look at the ability to correctly recover phase for line-space patterns on an EUV mask with a TaN absorber and for an etched EUV multilayer phase shift mask. The recovered phase and amplitude extracted from measurements taken using the SHARP EUV microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is compared to rigorous, 3D electromagnetic simulations. The impact of uncertainty in background intensity, coherence, and focus on the recovered field is evaluated to see if the algorithms respond differently.
Mining Conflict and the Politics of Obtaining a Social License: Insight from Guatemala

Mining as a development strategy has become ubiquitous throughout the developing world. However, if mining firms want to take advantage of the most mineral-rich terrain in developing countries, they must engage with the communities living near projected mining operations. Firms may sometimes use violence to quiet local opposition, but increasingly, they will seek a “social license to operate.” This term refers not to the legal requirements firm must obtain, such as governmental and environmental clearances, but rather the elusive support of the affected local population that will help a firm avoid project delays, maintain a positive public image, and prevent further regulation of the mining industry. There is a lack of research on how firms pursue a social license to operate. Through a qualitative case study of a mining conflict in Guatemala, this article addresses two questions: First, how do mining firms obtain a social license to operate, in practice? Second, what results from this process? Using a mix of qualitative data collected in 2009–2011, the article analyzes how a large Guatemalan construction materials firm, Cementos Progreso, sought a social license to operate in the indigenous municipality of San Juan Sacatepequez, Guatemala, and with what results. An alliance of firm and state constructed new institutions for citizen participation in local governance, promoted from within them the idea that mining was complementary with development, and backed up this discourse with tangible results. Government transparency and accountability improved, as did provision of basic services. The findings suggest that the local state, especially institutions designed to encourage citizen participation in local governance, can play a crucial role in determining whether and how mining firms can operate.
Damage detection in steel structures using Bayesian calibration techniques

Development and implementation of new and innovative damage detecting techniques is at the forefront of civil engineering advancements. One such technique, presented herein, is formulated to identify damage in steel frames. This study utilizes modal analysis and Bayesian inference model calibration techniques to detect connection damage in steel frames, and is illustrated on a two-bay, two-story scaled steel model. Rotational stiffness coefficients for the connections of the finite element model of the undamaged frame are calibrated through the comparison of model predictions with experimental data. Damage in the form of the removal of bolts at the base connection of one column is then introduced into the experimental frame and features are extracted through dynamic testing. Modal features are used to identify damage, and the calibration of connection spring stiffnesses is used to identify the location of the damage. The shift in natural frequencies of the first four modes indicates damage (i.e. loss of stiffness). The reduction in the calibrated rotational stiffness parameters for the base connection indicates that the damage is present in the base connections of the structure.
Gamma camera/SPECT QC: Can 57Co be used to perform center of rotation?

2732 Objectives Performing center of rotation (COR) on a gamma camera/SPECT system is most often accomplished using 99mTc. Using another radionuclide, rather than 99mTc, would: 1. Save the Nuclear Medicine department the rising cost of a daily dose of 99mTc and 2. Offer another technique for doing COR should 99mTc not be available to one’s facility. The purpose of this study is to see if COR can be performed using 57Co. Methods Five cameras were used for this study; Siemens Symbia and GE Healthcare’s Infinia Hawkeye 4, Millenium MG, Millenium VG 3/8”, and Optima 640 NM/CT. The 99mTc point sources used had a mean activity of 1.05±.09mCi. The 57Co pen point marker used had an activity of 250 µCi (calibrated on 04/01/12). Each camera’s COR protocol was followed and 5 trials per source were performed on each camera. When using 57Co, the isotope/energy settings were changed accordingly. The data obtained from each trial were processed using the "COR test" option in a Xeleris 3.1 Workstation and graphs were generated displaying COR X values. COR X values Results The 57Co trials produced the following mean COR X values; .19±.02mm (Infinia Hawkeye 4), .14±.04mm (Optima 640 NM/CT), .27±.16mm (Millenium VG 3/8”). The Symbia’s COR protocol required five 1-2mCi point source containers of 99mTc and therefore 57Co could not be used. When attempting to use 57Co for the Millenium MG’s COR protocol, the camera predicted it would take ≈3 hours to obtain enough counts/position and therefore no trials were completed. The 99mTc trials produced the following mean COR X values; .16±.01mm (Infinia Hawkeye 4), .11±.02mm (Optima 640 NM/CT), .11±.01mm (Millenium VG 3/8”). Conclusions Performing COR with 57Co on the Infinia Hawkeye 4, Optima 640 NM/CT, and the Millenium VG 3/8” resulted in COR X values
Marrow cell genetic phenotype change induced by human lung cancer cells

11108 Background: Murine lung-derived microvesicles are capable of inducing lung-specific mRNA in marrow cells, when co-cultured across from these cells, but separated from them by a cell-impermeab...
NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator and Frailty in Emergency General Surgery: A Measure of Surgical Resilience

METHODS: Using the California Inpatient Database, we analyzed 110,857 patients who underwent 1 of 8 oncologic resections (lung, esophagus, stomach,pancreas, hepatobiliary, colon, rectum, andkidney) between 2004 and 2011 at 491 hospitals. Minority-serving hospitals were defined as hospitals that ranked in the top quartile for the proportion of black andHispanic patients served. Amultivariate logistic regression analysiswas used to assess associations betweenmajor cancer surgery at MSH and their 30-day, 90-day, and repeated readmission rates.
Women in mechanical engineering: The gender (IM) balance by the numbers

In this paper, we take a close look at the participation of women in Mechanical Engineering, through an analysis of scientific publications in the field. Using a large dataset of over 100,000 publications from the ASME digital library, the paper creates a picture of the gender preferences associated with areas in the field of Mechanical Engineering. We find that while the average percentage of women in the field is generally low (15.6%), there are significant differences between the percentages of women in different categories, with areas such as biomechanical engineering, energy management, renewable energy, and nanotechnology attracting a larger than average proportion of women. Additionally, we also analyze the change in the number of authors in different areas over 20 years of research in the field, and observe a significant growth in recent years for both genders in the areas of biomechanical engineering, nanotechnology, and computational engineering.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
SYMAP: Computer Graphics for Marketing Management

A relatively new computer mapping program called Synagraphic Mapping System (SYMAP) has potential usefulness for marketers. This article describes the program and briefly discusses its probable app...
Alterations in Mammary Structure Following Adrenalectomy in the Immature Male Rat.

SummaryAdrenalectomy in normal or castrated immature male rats resulted in an increased number of lateral buds on the duct system of the mammary tree and in some cases increased end bud growth, particularly when body growth was not markedly inhibited. Estrogen treatment in adrenalectomized rats caused dilatation of these stimulated lateral buds or else further increased their number above that of the injected unoperated controls.
Contingency management and case management for out-of-treatment methamphetamine users

rats showedan increase innucleusaccumbensdopaminecompared to saline treated rats. Data were analyzed using a t-test or a twoway ANOVA, where appropriate. Conclusions: These results suggest that our 96-hour paradigm is both behaviorally and neurochemically relevant to human MA use. This model could lead to more translatable research involving MA abuse and treatment. Financial support: No outside funding.
Globalization and Its Discontents: Notes on Polish Studies in an Age of Globalization

The article focuses on the challenges facing “East European Studies” in the globalizing Western academia. Nizynska discusses major globalizing tendencies in the academic discourse, particularly in ...
Review of food safety management research in foreign countries

The research of food safety management in foreign countries consist of four parts in foreign countries:"from farm to table" food safety control system,the technology of food safety management,food safety law and economic and political analysis.The paper summarizes the character of foreign research and inspires the food safety research in China.
Hedgehog activates the EGF receptor pathway during Drosophila head development

The Hedgehog (Hh) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways play critical roles in pattern formation and cell proliferation in invertebrates and vertebrates. In this study, we demonstrate a direct link between these two pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. Hh and EGFR signaling are each required for the formation of a specific region of the head of the adult fruitfly. We show that hh and vein (vn), which encodes a ligand of the Drosophila EGFR (Schnepp, B., Grumbling, G., Donaldson, T. and Simcox, A. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 2302–13), are expressed in adjacent domains within the imaginal primordium of this region. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that Hh activates vn expression. We also show that Hh activation of vn is mediated through the gene cubitus interruptus (ci) and that this activation requires the C-terminal region of the Ci protein. Finally, we demonstrate that wingless (wg) represses vn expression, thereby limiting the domain of EGFR signaling.
SU-G-JeP2-07: Fusion Optimization of Multi-Contrast MRI Scans for MR-Based Treatment Planning

Purpose: To develop an image fusion method using multiple contrast MRI scans for MR-based treatment planning. Methods: T1 weighted (T1-w), T2 weighted (T2-w) and diffusion weighted images (DWI) were acquired from liver cancer patient with breath-holding. Image fade correction and deformable image registration were performed using VelocityAI (Varian Medical Systems, CA). Registered images were normalized to mean voxel intensity for each image dataset. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) between tumor and liver was quantified. Tumor area was defined as the GTV contoured by physicians. Normal liver area with equivalent dimension was used as background. Noise was defined by the standard deviation of voxel intensities in the same liver area. Linear weightings were applied to T1-w, T2-w and DWI images to generate composite image and CNR was calculated for each composite image. Optimization process were performed to achieve different clinical goals. Results: With a goal of maximizing tumor contrast, the composite image achieved a 7–12 fold increase in tumor CNR (142.8 vs. −2.3, 11.4 and 20.6 for T1-w, T2-w and DWI only, respectively), while anatomical details were largely invisible. With a weighting combination of 100%, −10% and −10%, respectively, tumor contrast was enhanced from −2.3 to −5.4, while the anatomical details were clear. With a weighting combination of 25%, 20% and 55%, balanced tumor contrast and anatomy was achieved. Conclusion: We have investigated the feasibility of performing image fusion optimization on multiple contrast MRI images. This mechanism could help utilize multiple contrast MRI scans to potentially facilitate future MR-based treatment planning.
Academic Nonfiction and the Culture Warriors: “Teaching the Conflicts” in Gilbert and Gubar’s Masterpiece Theatre

Because ethical criticism necessarily recognizes the vital interconnections between readers and the larger human communities in which they live, it functions as an equally useful paradigm for interpreting the humanistic foundations of nonfctional texts, in addition to the ethical properties of literary works" While academic novels such as Ishmael Reed’s Japanese by Spring (1993), illustrate the localized fallout of the “culture wars” during the early 1990s, Sandra M" Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s Masterpiece Theatre: an Academic Melodrama (1995) considers the national and international implications of the controversy over higher education during this era"
Abstract SY08-02: Normal and neoplastic stem cells

The transition from single cell species to multicellular organisms led to organ and tissue development. The development and maintenance of organs/tissues in multicellular organisms has resulted in the emergence of specialized cells that self-renew as well as differentiate; these rare cells are stem cells. Following embryonic development, most of our tissues and organs are continuously regenerated from tissue/organ specific stem cells. The principal property that distinguishes such stem cells from their daughter cells is self-renewal; when stem cells divide they give rise to stem cells (by self-renewal) and progenitors (by differentiation). In most tissues only the primitive stem cells self-renew. Even within a particular tissue, stem cells may be diverse, and subject to stem cell competition for their niche. We have documented both germline stem cell and somatic stem cell competition in species as diverse as colonial protochordates and humans. Stem cell isolation and transplantation is the basis for regenerative medicine. Self-renewal is dangerous, and therefore strictly regulated. Poorly regulated self-renewal can lead to the genesis of cancer stem cells, the only self-renewing cells in the cancerous tumor. The Weissman lab has followed the progression from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to myelogenous leukemias. They have found that the developing cancer clones progress at the stage of HSCs, until they become fully malignant. At this point, the “leukemia” stem cell is at a stage of a downstream oligolineage or multilineage progenitor that has evaded programmed cell death and programmed cell removal, while acquiring or keeping self-renewal. In the case of chronic myeloid leukemia, bcr-abl + HSC clones outcompete normal HSCs in the chronic phase. The transition from the chronic phase to myeloid blast crisis results in the leukemia stem cells appearing in the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) stage. While there are many ways to defeat programmed cell death and senescence, there appears to be one dominant method to avoid programmed cell removal—the expression of the cell surface “don9t eat me” protein CD47, the ligand for macrophage SIRPα. All cancers tested express CD47 to overcome expression of “eat me” signals such as calreticulin. Antibodies that block the CD47-SIRPα interaction enable phagocytosis and killing of the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. All tested human solid tumors and lymphomas/leukemias/myelomas express CD47 and are susceptible to phagocytosis in the presence of anti-CD47 blocking antibodies. Citation Format: Irving L. Weissman. Normal and neoplastic stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr SY08-02.
Biological vs. Psychological Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders

Maintaining a Cartesian duality between mind and body seems anachronistic in the modern world. No one believes any more that dream travel or apparent possession by an alien personality are valid evidence for the mind’s (or soul’s) independence from the body. Nowadays materialistically based investigations of the brain seek and find mechanisms underlying mental phenomena. Psychoanalysis and clinical cognitive psychology investigate the mental while affirming its bodily origin. Behaviorism does not deny that the subject of its investigation is a manifestation of neural processes, but in the interest of practicality tries to find lawfulness at intermediate levels, eschewing what is too mental just as much as what is too biologic. Only in the realm of religion does the distinction between personal consciousness and body remain popular since the consolation of the promise of immortality in face of corporeal decay and dissolution implies to many believers an eventually complete separation of mind from body.
The Escape Hatch (Expatriation): Curiosities in the Data

What happens if you combine 20 years worth of lists of expatriates? You find inconsistencies.
In Situ Transcription Profiling of Single Cells Reveals Spatial Organization of Cells in the Mouse Hippocampus

Identifying the spatial organization of tissues at cellular resolution from single-cell gene expression profiles is essential to understanding biological systems. Using an in situ 3D multiplexed imaging method, seqFISH, we identify unique transcriptional states by quantifying and clustering up to 249 genes in 16,958 cells to examine whether the hippocampus is organized into transcriptionally distinct subregions. We identified distinct layers in the dentate gyrus corresponding to the granule cell layer and the subgranular zone and, contrary to previous reports, discovered that distinct subregions within the CA1 and CA3 are composed of unique combinations of cells in different transcriptional states. In addition, we found that the dorsal CA1 is relatively homogeneous at the single cell level, while ventral CA1 is highly heterogeneous. These structures and patterns are observed using different mice and different sets of genes. Together, these results demonstrate the power of seqFISH in transcriptional profiling of complex tissues.
Genotype responses of two apple rootstocks to infection by Pythium ultimum causing apple replant disease

AbstractThe mechanisms of plant root defences against soilborne necrotrophic pathogens are poorly understood, particularly in perennial tree fruit crops such as apple. Pythium ultimum is a component of the pathogen complex that incites apple replant disease (ARD). Previous field evaluation has demonstrated that apple rootstocks have different levels of ARD tolerance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Genotype responses in tissue cultured apple plants to P. ultimum infection were investigated at the biological, microscopic and molecular levels using ARD tolerant G.935 and susceptible B.9 apple rootstocks. Distinct differences in survival rate, root biomass, shoot biomass and maximum root length were observed between these two genotypes. Microscopic observations indicated contrasting dynamics in symptom development. The B.9 rootstock demonstrated an inability to limit pathogen progression, resulting in rapid progression of necrosis across the entire root system. In contrast, effective con...
Detrimental Complications Of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome And Their Impact On Outcome.

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) whose signs cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is associated with different complications. Many studies have been conducted in developed world to find the outcome associated with MAS but data from developing countries is lacking. Present study was conducted to determine the impact of chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension (PHN) and air leak on outcome of new-borns with MAS. Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care Neonatology unit. The babies diagnosed with MAS were included in the study. All patients were monitored for development of complications. Outcome in terms of mortality was recorded. Outcome was compared by chi-square test and p- value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: Seventy two babies were included in the study. Mean gestation was 37±0.56 weeks and birth weight was 2.87±0.49 kg. Male to female ratio was 1.57:1 and mean age of admission was 9.59±5.27 hours. Chemical pneumonitis, PHN and chemical pneumonitis with PHN were observed in 23.6%, 20.8% and 26.4% neonates respectively. Mortality rate was 19.44%. The mortality was highest in babies having chemical pneumonitis with PHN ( p -value=0.013) followed by chemical pneumonitis group ( p -value=0.02) and PHN group ( p -value=0.032). Conclusion: About three fourth babies with MAS developed one or more complications. Mortality is significantly increases with the development of complications so as more the complications more is the mortality. Keywords: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Chemical Pneumonitis; Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension.
Radiology communications for imaging systems

Display and Image database sub-systems of medical image management and communications systems (IMACS) require high performance protocols. It is erroneous to believe that relying on the delivered bandwidths of the data link layers of FDDI, FDDI follow on (FODI-FO), SMDS, and B-ISDN is sufficient to meet these needs. In addition,important features of FDDI, and FDDI-FO cannot even be accessed by available upperlayer protocols. An adequate, standards-based IMACS is possible using current technologies with an enhanced transfer* layer. Such a system leverages the technologies of mainstream, state-of-the-art equipment, which should provide good performance at reasonable costs.
Response to Immunotherapy: Application of Molecular Pathology to Predict Successful Response

Urothelial carcinoma is an immunoresponsive tumor, as evidenced by successful treatment of a subset of patients with Bacillus Calmette Guerin and, more recently, PD-1/PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy. The speed with which PD-1/PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy has now become a standard therapy option for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients is remarkable. For the first time, clinicians are faced with the enviable challenge of having to decide between multiple treatment options with widely differing mechanisms of action. The need for high quality, high throughput pathology techniques and assays to accurately predict which patients will benefit most from immunotherapy approaches is paramount. Multiple novel platforms to assess and monitor the mediators of successful immunotherapy anti-tumor responses are emerging and offer promise. This chapter will focus on a review of PD-1/PD-L1 studies in urothelial carcinoma, emphasizing molecular alterations that may influence response to therapy.
Uses of Publicly Available Data in Risk Assessment

New and emerging high-throughput toxicology and human exposure data sets offer great promise to expand or reshape the process of chemical risk assessment. While the methods to mine new computational toxicology data and assess its predictive power and compatibility with more traditional toxicology data are still under development, this chapter presents publicly available data sets that can be mined to support risk assessment. Risk assessors are faced with adapting to toxicity testing in the 21st century and soon may be required to consider new types of data for use in risk assessment. In the meantime, further work is required to quantify the uncertainty associated with high-throughput screening (HTS) data, collect and analyze further exposure data, and organize and evaluate new data from different sources across the existing risk assessment paradigm or as components of a new risk assessment paradigm.
Diffuse reflection and polarization modulation FT-IR spectrometry of surface species

Two techniques for measuring the infrared spectra of adsorbed species on surfaces of different types are described. Diffuse reflectance spectra of species adsorbed on powdered substrates with a high surface area can be measured with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio. The technique is illustrated by the adsorption of carbon monoxide on rhodium supported on alumina at metal loadings between 0.1 and 10%. Some doubt is cast on previous band assignments for adsorbed CO molecules. Grazing incidence reflection-absorption spectrometry can be used to measure the spectra of molecules on flat metallic substrates of very low surface area. Attempts to develop a technique for observing the intermolecular vibration between the adsorbate and the substrate using a unique triple modulation approach are discussed.
Mp Tuning and Synthesis

In process identification, is common practice to seek the model that minimizes the variance of the data from the model. If the process parameters actually vary over a range, we show that choosing a model in the middle of the range is not generally best from a control perspective We use Mp-synthesis [1] to obtain models for optimal control system performance for three uncertain processes: 1) a second order process with uncertainty in time constant and damping ratio, 2) an overdamped second order plus dead time process and, 3) a non collocated spring mass system.
Dominant, Auxiliary, Principal, and Subsidiary Modes

The preceding chapter showed that quantifiying Jung’s personality theory inevitably leads to two modes in each domain—four in all. Jung himself considered only the principal one in each domain, giving the name “dominant” to the more prominent and “auxiliary” to the other. Quantitative theory identifies a new “subsidiary” mode in each domain, both absent from Jung’s entirely qualitative formulation. In another context, Jung regarded them as “positive shadows” (Jacobi 1942, p. 112), an interpretation discussed further in Sect. 8.3.
Data Acquisition and Analysis in Pulse Radiolysis Part II: Computerization

A historical survey is given of the development of digital computers and of their use in the acquisition and analysis of data from fast radiation-induced transients. The practical considerations involved in the choice of computer hardware and software for dedicated laboratory applications are discussed, and some more general aspects of the design and implementation of such systems are presented.
Sequence of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.

e20665Background: Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins have recently been shown to elicit robust and durable responses in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, with res...
Ecthyma Gangrenosum Secondary to Pseudomonal Sepsis Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Craniotomy for Resection of a Metastasis.

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare physical exam finding pathognomonic for severe bacteremia and typically associated with pseudomonal sepsis. The characteristic skin lesions appear as ring-shaped hemorrhagic pustules that evolve into necrotic ulcers. In the present case, a 62-year-old woman with a pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy developed three symptomatic brain masses. The lesions were presumed metastatic and initially treated with stereotactic radiosurgery; however, follow-up imaging identified treatment failure of a cerebellar lesion, and the patient was subsequently taken to surgery on an elective basis for suboccipital craniotomy and tumor resection. Although her initial postoperative course was unremarkable, on postoperative day two, she experienced a rapidly progressive neurologic and hemodynamic decline. During this period, numerous ring-shaped, necrotic cutaneous lesions rapidly appeared, consistent with ecthyma gangrenosum. In spite of multi-modality critical care treatment and resuscitation, including milrinone, multiple vasopressors, anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and prone positioning, the patient progressed to cardiorespiratory failure and died.
Association of medication non-adherence with short-term allograft loss after the treatment of severe acute kidney transplant rejection.

Medication non-adherence is a risk factor for acute kidney transplant rejection. The association of non-adherence with short-term allograft loss in patients who develop acute rejection and are subsequently treated with maximal therapy is unknown. We conducted a retrospective single center cohort study of adult patients who developed acute rejection from January 2003 to December 2017 and were treated with lymphocyte depletion. Clinicopathologic characteristics including adherence status were collected and descriptive statistics utilized to compare groups. The primary outcome was all-cause graft loss at 6 months after acute rejection treatment. A multivariable logistic regression quantified the association of non-adherence with the outcome. A total of 182 patients were included in the cohort, of whom 71 (39%) were non-adherent. Compared to adherent patients, non-adherent patients were younger (mean age 37y vs 42y), more likely to be female (51% vs 35%) and developed acute rejection later (median 2.3y vs 0.5y from transplant). There were no differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate or need for dialysis on presentation, Banff grade, or presence of antibody mediated rejection between the 2 groups. Overall, 48 (26%) patients lost their grafts at 6 months after acute rejection treatment. In adjusted analysis, non-adherence was associated with all-cause graft loss at 6 months after acute rejection treatment [OR 2.64 (95% CI 1.23–5.65, p = 0.012]. After adjusting for common confounders, non-adherent patients were at increased risk for short-term allograft loss after a severe acute rejection despite lymphocyte depletion. This finding may aid clinicians in risk stratifying patients for poor short-term outcomes and treatment futility.
An A11Y-ance

As purchasers of services and equipment, application developers, and end-user support providers, information technology professionals at all levels hold unique positions in regards to the possible role of an accessibility advocate. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 laid the foundation for which numerous other laws and guidelines have been built [1]. It is in the best interest of Universities to not only meet these guidelines, but to be an example of how these guidelines can empower a wide range of individuals.Rutgers University has been building a team of professionals whose main goal has been to not only address accessibility needs, but to be engaged with a wide range of groups across campus. They are regularly promoting accessibility; actively educating and engaging with faculty, staff, and students. By bringing awareness of accessibility concepts to every level of their campus community, Rutgers University strives to provide the best opportunity to meet the needs of its members in addressing unintended access barriers.Princeton University has undertaken an arguably successful campaign to certify a wide range of their IT Support professionals as Certified Professionals in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC). As a result, Princeton University holds the largest number of CPACC certified professionals in a single organization in the world with just over 90 certified as of February 19, 2019 [2]. The training and certification program at Princeton has been designed to promote accessibility wherever technology is developed, supported, or purchased by decentralizing broad expertise across a wide population in the campus community.Though Princeton and Rutgers are embarking in granularly different approaches to meeting accessibility needs and requirements the goal is the same: to not become a barrier that dissuades or blocks access to spaces in the digital, mental, and physical realm; affording everyone the chance to participate equally and freely.
Syntax, Semantics, and Ontology

Statistical laws are typically envisioned as attributing a particular limiting frequency to the occurrence of an event of a specific kind within a particular sequence, i.e., a sequence consisting of the ordered members of a certain reference class, where the ordering relation, at least in the case of physical events, is supposed to be the temporal relations that obtain between these events. The result of thus construing statistical laws as “relative frequencies” within temporally extended physical sequences is to reinforce the view that lawful generalizatons are essentially amenable to being determined by numerical count: to ascertain whether or not a particular regularity is universal or statistical in character, all one has to do is to determine the ratio between the number of members n belonging to the reference class, R, and the number of members mbelonging to the attribute class, A. If every member of that reference class is also a member of that attribute class, the regularity is universal; if not, then the relative frequency indicates the statistical distribution of that attribute within that reference class.
Keeping Relative Age Effects and ADHD Care in Context.

* Abbreviations: ADHD — : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder DSM-5 — : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition RAE — : relative age effect The diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires discerning clinical judgment and deliberate shared decision-making between parents, teachers, and other engaged caregivers. ADHD is widely accepted as a neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges early in life and has life span implications for many. The functional impairment associated with ADHD is significant, and the available treatments, including medication, can be effective at improving educational, behavioral, and social-emotional functioning. Missing or delaying the diagnosis of ADHD can lead to unnecessary suffering and poor adaptation for children.1 Similarly, overdiagnosing and overprescribing to children who are misidentified as having ADHD brings many serious adverse consequences, including medication side effects such as sleep disturbance, appetite suppression, and cardiovascular system impacts as well as negative psychosocial sequelae of being misdiagnosed with a behavioral health disorder. In this issue of Pediatrics , Vuori et al,2 using a national registry from Finland, report on the relative age effect (RAE) associated with ADHD diagnoses in which the youngest children in a classroom are at the higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and being prescribed medications compared with older classmates. This study builds on the findings of Sayal et al3 and others, which document that a younger relative age increases the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD. Support for the RAE has grown in the literature, and a significant body of evidence documents similar observations of 6the RAE worldwide.4 Many may interpret the findings of relative age impacts on rates of diagnosis of ADHD and medication use as reflecting teacher biases rather than a true presence of the disorder in some younger children. From this perspective, the finding suggests that teachers are more likely to initiate a diagnostic process for less mature children who may exhibit more problematic behavior in the classroom than slightly older … Address correspondence to Eric M. Butter, PhD, Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, JWest Building 3rd Floor, Columbus, OH 43205. E-mail: eric.butter{at}nationwidechildrens.org
Options and central bank currency market intervention: The case of Colombia

Abstract Many central banks in emerging economies are concerned with excessive volatility in foreign exchange markets, especially those with inflation-targeting regimes. Historically, many have intervened using foreign exchange reserves in directly the spot market. However, these are not the only strategies available for intervention. The Colombian central bank implemented various intervention strategies while maintaining its inflation-targeting goals. In this paper we analyze the strategies employed by Colombia, with a special focus on the volatility option strategy. We argue that the abandonment of the currency options program for intervention was premature and that its success was not fully appreciated in previous literature.
Hidden Truncation in Non-Normal Models: A Brief Survey

In the bivariate case, we illustrate the situations where the normalizing constant is in a closed form and situations where the normalizing constant is not in a closed form. Distributional properties of such models are investigated. Discussions on some conjectures related to hidden truncation paradigm for non-normal models are also provided.
The Influence of Parenting on Bullying Prevention: Parenting as a Moderator of Adolescents’ Bullying Behaviors

Adolescent interactions with their peers, like bullying, have been linked to parent-adolescent interactions. However, these links have not been fully explored in bullying prevention and intervention research. Evaluations of universal bullying prevention programs often find modest effects on adolescent bullying outcomes, and few studies have examined parent-level influences on these outcomes. It may be advantageous for those in bullying research to test the differential effects of program outcomes via moderation. The current evaluation study examines the effects of the Be SAFE bullying prevention program on adolescent bullying behaviors, as moderated by adolescent perceived parenting. By applying a multi-level moderation model, the current study assessed changes in self-reported bullying behaviors for a sample of 82 middle school students who participated in the Be SAFE bullying prevention program. Students also self-reported their parent’s level of warmth, hostility, and parenting style. This evaluation study shows that adolescents who perceived their parents to be permissive increased in bullying perpetration and assisting behaviors at a higher rate than those who perceived their parents as authoritative or authoritarian. These results suggest that distal factors may impact outcomes of youth prevention programs. Particularly, this study’s findings show that parent-adolescent interactions may impede the effectiveness of bullying prevention efforts. Future evaluations of bullying prevention programs should use moderation analyses to understand how proximal and distal factors may impact youth program outcomes.
Comparative Protein Evaluation Studies by Carcass Retention and Nitrogen Balance Methods

WILLIAM CHALUPA * ANDHANS FISHERDepartment of Poultry Science, Rutgers â€”The State University,New Brunswick, New JerseyABSTRACT Protein evaluations were carried out with rats and chicks to elucidatecertain problems encountered in earlier studies. The following observations were recorded : 1) Linseed and cottonseed meals when supplemented with the limitingamino acids promoted much improved growth in both rats and chickens. Net proteinutilization (NPU) in the chicken, in contrast with results in the rat, was only slightlyimproved. 2) Significant differences were observed in protein utilization when thecarbohydrate source was varied. For both the rat and the chicken a combination ofcorn starch, glucose, and a small amount of dextrin was superior to the single components of the mixture. 3) A cod fillet flour was noted to have an inferior NPU forchicks compared with commercial menhaden fish meal. Subsequent study showed thefillet flour to be deficient in arginine for the chicken. For the rat this flour was notedto be deficient in methionine. 4) Generally good agreement was observed betweenNPU values obtained by either the nitrogen balance or the carcass retention methodin the rat. The former method consistently gave higher values than the latter, andit is suggested that these differences result primarily from a somewhat lower proteinintake (and therefore better utilization) due to the equalized feeding practice with thenitrogen balance method.