cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effects of Elder Abuse

This paper analyzes data from a random sample survey of elder abuse and neglect to examine the psychological consequences of such victimization. Elder abuse victlms were found to be significantly more depressed than non-victims even when controlling for health, age, gender, and marital status.
The Poverty Exception to the Fourth Amendment

This essay, written for the Sixth Annual LatCrit conference, explores the subterranean motifs of current rules regulating searches and seizures by the police. More specifically, it investigates whether and to what extent alienage, race and poverty influence the warrant and individualized suspicion rules purportedly governing police investigation. The essay begins by showing that, contrary to the assertion of other conference participants, Supreme Court doctrine has not created a "Mexican exception" to the Fourth Amendment (as distinguished from an "illegal alien" exception, which does seem to exist). The main focus of the article, however, is an examination of whether the Court's caselaw has established a "poverty exception" to the Amendment. Based on cases dealing with the Fourth Amendment threshold, car searches, consent searches, arrests, stops, and a variety of other contexts, the essay concludes that relative wealth plays a major role in determining whether a person's interests are protected by the Amendment. The essay also takes issue with Professor William Stuntz' article, The Distribution of Fourth Amendment Privacy, which, based on similar observations, concluded that Fourth Amendment strictures should be relaxed as a means of easing the cost of investigating the well-to-do. Stuntz is probably wrong in his assertion that the reason police pick on the poor is because that group is easier to search without violating search and seizure rules. In any event, his recommendation that we replace privacy with coercion as the touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis fails to address the inequality problems that both he and I perceive, and his notion that we should refashion constitutional rules to neutralize the advantage that wealth confers would have several perverse effects.
On the Semantic Composition of English Generic Sentences

One part of the task in presenting a semantics for a natural language is to show how the meanings of the constituents of a sentence are combined with one another to build up a meaning for the whole sentence. To a certain degree, this part of the task can be worked on without committing oneself too specifically to any particular theory of meaning, and that is what I am going to try to do here. The construction of interest is that of generic sentences. Such sentences are found in all natural languages (though not in all artificial languages), but I will confine my remarks to how English generic sentences are built up from constituent meanings, ever hopeful that what I have to say about English will shed light on similar constructions in a wider range of natural languages. I will begin by giving a series of descriptions of what generic sentences are, working from the most notional and towards the most linguistic, to first stake out the domain of inquiry. I then turn to the semantic composition of such sentences, arguing that they are not uniformly of subject-predicate form, but that a wider variety of internal relations must be recognized. The overall purpose of the following discussion is to provide a set of general considerations that any formal semantic theory incorporating generics must contend with.1
The Impact of Housing Vouchers on Mobility and Neighborhood Attributes

This article examines the effect of receiving a housing voucher on the mobility and neighborhood attributes of low-income households. Housing policy has shifted toward vouchers in lieu of public housing projects to allow households to move away from high-poverty areas. We use administrative records collected from an experiment to examine this issue. We find that households moved immediately after receiving the subsidy but did not relocate to lower poverty neighborhoods until several quarters later. Our findings suggest that recipients initially lease in nearby units to secure the subsidy, while continuing to search for housing in lower poverty neighborhoods.
Boundary Scan Techniques in an Mcm-D Application

The development of multichip modules (MCMs) is confronted by many challenges in the area of testing. This paper details the solutions to some of these challenges which resulted in the successful development of a wafer scale, silicon-on silicon multichip module. The end product is a 4" silicon substrate mounted on a SEM-E frame. The SEM-E module was designed to perform image processing and is one of many modules making up a high performance image processing computer. Through the extensive use of boundary scan to perform both interconnect testing and functional testing, the wafer scale MCM was inserted into the target system rack and worked correctly the first time.
Contemporary Management of Complicated Monochorionic Twins

ABSTRACT Monochorionic twins are at increased risk for unique complications including twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), and twin‐reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence. Twin–twin transfusion syndrome is treated with laser photocoagulation whereas selective reduction is an option in previable sIUGR or TRAP sequence. The nurse is integral in the management, education, care and support of women with complicated pregnancies.
Factors influencing effect of radioactive colloidal gold on free tumor cells in peritoneal fluid.

Summary and Conclusions(1) Sarcoma 37 and malignant lymphoma were cultured as free cells in the peritoneal fluid of mice by serial transfers of these cells in the peritoneal fluid. Requisite number of tumor cells (100,000 or 1,000,000) were inoculated i.p into several groups of mice (S-37 in CFW or dba strain; lymphoma in dba mice only) and treated, after 2 to 14 days, with various doses (0.05 to 0.3 mc) of radioactive colloidal gold, either intraperitoneally or intravenously. In several series of experiments the mice were pre-treated with inactive (decayed) colloidal gold (0.1 or 0.2 cc) before the treatment with active gold. Control experiments investigated the growth characteristics of S-37 and lymphoma cells in untreated mice, the effect of the treatment with active or inactive gold in normal mice and the effect on tumor cells of radioactive gold stored in macrophages. (2) The experiments have outlined the role of the following factors in production of a radio-therapeutic effect of the radioactive col...
Do economic conditions influence how theorists view adolescents

Eighty-nine articles in thePedagogical Seminary and theJournal of Genetic Psychology appearing during two economic depressions and the two world wars were analyzed for their adolescent ideologies. A systematic, ideological bias in the content of these articles was found to be statistically significant. In times of economic depression theories of adolescence emerge that portray teenagers as immature, psychologically unstable, and in need of prolonged participation in the educational system. During wartime, the psychological competence of youth is emphasized and the duration of education is recommended to be more retracted than in depression. The objective, scientific nature of theory building is questioned and discussed.
Efficient solid-phase synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones.

The solid-phase synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted and 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones from MBHA and Wang resin is described. Reaction of resin-bound amino acids with isocyanates yield resin-bound ureas, which further react with chlorocarbonyl isocyanate in toluene at 65 °C to selectively afford the resin-bound 1,3-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones. Selective alkylation at the N-5 position of the resin-bound 1,3-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones was accomplished by treatment with alkyl halides in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The desired products were cleaved from their solid support and obtained in good yield and purity. The method can be employed in production of toltrazuril analogue libraries for identification of new anticoccidial agents.
Odor specificity testing in the assessment of efficacy and non-target risk for Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract Trichogramma ostriniae Pang and Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an indigenous egg parasitoid of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in China. We evaluated T. ostriniae's responses in olfactometer and wind tunnel assays to various host and plant odors that are likely to impact the efficacy and non-target risk of utilizing T. ostriniae as an augmentative biocontrol agent against Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner in the USA. In a Y-olfactometer, female T. ostriniae exhibited innate positive responses to the egg mass volatiles, scale volatiles, and synthetic sex pheromones of O. nubilalis. When exposed to O. nubilalis pheromone while walking on a platform in a wind tunnel, the wasps manifested significant changes in patch exploration behavior, including delayed dispersal from the platform and slowed walking. The wasps did not respond innately to the synthetic pheromone of a non-target species, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), however. Exposing wasps to S. f...
Applications of Term Rewriting to Cryptographic Protocol Analysis (overview of the invited talk)

Abstract Cryptographic protocols for key distribution and authentication play an important role in Internet security. Certain flaws in these protocols can be discovered using term rewriting models to express the protocol, the malicious network environment, and vulnerability search strategies.
Microstructure/magnetic property relationships in CoCrPt magnetic thin films

Microstructural investigations of CoCrPt/Cr and CoCrPt/CrV magnetic thin film media were conducted in order to explain improved media performance as a function of increased Cr concentration in the magnetic layer and a predeposition treatment of the NiP plated Al substrate. Using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Selected Area Diffraction Patterns (SADP) it was found that for both underlayer structures, no significant microstructural differences (such as grain size, stacking fault density, orientation, crystalline phase, and bi-crystals) exist between samples grown with 13% Cr and 22% Cr. This indicates that Cr segregation to grain boundaries is the most likely mechanism for improved S/N ratio and higher coercivity. The increased coercivity observed in the treated samples is consistent with an increased grain size in the magnetic layer due to larger Cr underlayer grains.
Listening as a Goal-Directed Activity

Listening styles are a frequently studied construct in the listening literature and are a ubiquitous aspect of interpersonal textbooks. Treatments of listening styles typically consider them as static tendencies utilized irrespective of situational demands. This article extends work on listening styles by questioning if styles are habitual ways of processing information or if they are goal-driven behaviors influenced by interaction context. We predict that styles vary according to the nature of the situation. Participants (N = 382), comprised of 269 female and 102 males who were primarily White and reported a mean age of 20, provided accounts of listening interactions and completed assessments of conversational goals and listening styles utilized during these encounters. Findings indicate listening styles change according to demands of the interaction as a function of empathy, depth, and perspective taking. The relevancy of these characteristics is attributed to the relational quality of the narratives pr...
A map between corner and link operators in lattice gauge theories

Abstract A completely local gauge-invariant lattice gauge theory is formulated in terms of a new set of variables introduced earlier in the continuum. This theory uses local “corner” variables defined on lattice sites only, as opposed to the conventional “link” variables. It is shown via a map that the new formulation gives identical results to the usual lattice gauge theory. The properties of the quantum commutators in the continuum limit is also discussed and contrasted for the two lattice approaches. In terms of the corner operators the quantized lattice theory is seen to be closely related to continuum QCD.
INGUINAL HERNIAS IN FEMALE MICE TREATEDWITH ANDROGENS OR BEARING GRAFTSOF TESTES1

SCROTAL hernias appeared in male mice that received estrogen (1, 2’ 3). Inguinal hernias have been observed occasionally in irradiated, castrated or intact female mice of certain stocks bearing subcutaneous grafts of testes from immature donors. Inguinal hernias also developed in mice that were treated with estrogens while bearing subcutaneous transplants of testicular interstitial cell tumors. The latter observations have been made sporadically over a period of ten or more years and incidental to other experiments. The time of first appearance of the hernias and the size of the hernias was not determined. Many small hernias probably were not noted because the mice were not specifically followed for hernias. Hernias of large size did appear frequently among female mice of some groups treated as indicated above and some examples are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
Splenectomy for thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The role of peripheral platelet destruction as a reversible etiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was evaluated in nine patients with CLL and refractory thrombocytopenia who underwent splenectomy. The patients' ages ranged from 54 to 74 years. Progressive thrombocytopenia refractory to antineoplastic agents and corticosteroids had been present for a mean of 23.4 months. The platelet counts were 4,000-57,000/microliter, and were generally higher in those patients with larger spleens. The spleens ranged from 180 to 4050 gm. Seven patients responded completely to splenectomy, achieving platelet counts greater than 150,000/microliter, and in one other patient, the count rose to greater than 100,000/microliter. The platelet count of one patient failed to respond to surgery. Those patients with massive splenomegaly developed higher, more rapidly rising platelet counts postoperatively. No operative mortality was encountered. Median hospitalization was seven postoperative days. All patients experienced an increased sense of well-being. Median follow-up time is 9 months.
Tourism and waterfront renewal: assessing residential perception in Newport, Rhode Island, USA

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of harbor residents on tourism and waterfront redevelopments in Newport, Rhode Island. In the summer of 1992, about 160 surveys were conducted of households located directly in the tourism district. The results indicate that by and large the waterfront community perceives the current traffic conditions, inadequate parking, lack of privacy, and commercial intrusion into neighborhoods to be the consequences of increased tourism. Negative attitudes towards waterfront renewal are associated with perceived difficulties in having access to the water, lack of affordable housing, continued marine pollution, and the proliferation of non-water-dependent uses in the harbor. Conversely, several favorable reactions raised by residents included increased property values, successful historic preservation, and the participation in tourist-related events and amenities. Despite their geographic proximity to the business district, the development activities on the waterfront and the opportunities generated by tourism, few residents feel they have benefited economically from these advantages. Currently, the political climate in Newport is such that a comprehensive harbor management plan can become a reality. It is hoped that residents will then have an opportunity to incorporate their issues into policies of the plan.
Proof of the Necessity and Sufficiency of Conditions for Thin Phase Imagery

A proof is given of the necessity and sufficiency of conditions on a spatial filtering system for imaging of thin phase objects.
A comment on dynamic DEA

This brief comment provides a modification of the dynamic DEA model of Amirteimoori which appeared recently in this journal. The goal is to more directly allow the actions in the present period to have impacts on the future.
Translational Mobility of Hard Ferromagnetic Bubbles

We show that steady translation of a magnetic bubble possessing Bloch lines requires the application of both longitudinal and transverse field gradients. The predicted longitudinal gradient obeys the usual relation valid for a normal bubble. The transverse gradient is proportional to the product of velocity and number of Bloch lines. Experiments of Tabor et al. support the theory.
Couples' Reports of Support for Smoking Cessation Predicting Women's Late Pregnancy Cessation

Abstract Purpose Although social support has been linked to smoking cessation, no studies have examined whether social support predicts women's late pregnancy cessation. Further, few have included reports from both support recipients and providers. Design Longitudinal. Subjects Pregnant couples (n = 394) reported support for cessation in early (13–20 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy. Measures Different measures of couples' support were tested for predicting women's late pregnancy cessation. Measures of couples' support that were calculated included: summative (added women's and male partners' support scores, possible range 2–10), difference (subtracted the lower score from the higher, possible range 0–4), strong link (used higher positive or lower negative score, possible range 1–5), weak link (lower positive or higher negative score, possible range 1–5), and female and male reports alone (possible ranges 1–5). Covariate-adjusted odds ratios for the association of these various measures of couples' ...
Wavelets Associated with Periodic Basis Functions

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a class of nonstationary, orthogonal periodic scaling functions and wavelets generated by continuously differentiable periodic functions with positive Fourier coefficients; such functions are termedperiodic basis functions.For this class of wavelets, the decomposition and reconstruction coefficients can be computed in terms of the discrete Fourier transform, so that FFT methods apply for their evaluation. In addition, decomposition at thenth level only involves 2 terms from the higher level. Similar remarks apply for reconstruction. We apply a periodic “uncertainty principle” to obtain an angle/frequency uncertainty “window” for these wavelets, and we show that for many wavelets in this class the angle/frequency localization is good.
Nanostructure in the p-layer and its impacts on amorphous silicon solar cells

The open circuit voltage (V-oc) of n-i-p type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells has been examined by means of experimental and numerical modeling. The i- and p-layer limitations on V-oc are separated and the emphasis is to identify the impact of different kinds of p-layers. Hydrogenated protocrystalline, nanocrystalline and microcrystalline silicon p-layers were prepared and characterized using Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), optical transmittance and activation energy of dark-conductivity. The n-i-p a-Si:H solar cells incorporated with these p-layers were comparatively investigated, which demonstrated a wide variation of V-oc from 1.042 V to 0.369 V, under identical i- and n-layer conditions. It is found that the nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) p-layer with a certain nanocrystalline volume fraction leads to a higher V-oc. The optimum p-layer material for n-i-p type a-Si:H solar cells is not found at the onset of the transition between the amorphous to mixed phases, nor is it associated with a microcrystalline material with a large grain size and a high volume fraction of crystalline phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Novel cancer vaccines: an update

The intellectual property literature concerning novel cancer vaccine strategies for the period 2001 – 2003 is reviewed. More than 550 citations have been identified and the majority of the citations described herein involve the identification of potential new tumour-associated antigens and novel strategies for cancer vaccine formulations to enhance the immune response. Promising progress has been made during this period in the identification of new tumour-associated antigens, the use of cytokines, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides and heat-shock proteins as vaccine adjuvants and the refinement of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy and other vaccine formulation and immunisation strategies. In addition, encouraging results have been obtained from vaccination studies of animal tumour models and a large number of novel cancer vaccines are currently under development or in early stages of clinical evaluation. Although the availability of cancer vaccines for clinical use in patient management remains a ch...
Effect of Changes in the Chemical Environment of the Retina on the Two Components of the Early Receptor Potential

THE early receptor potential is a fast electrical response elicited from the vertebrate retina when it is presented with an intense flash stimulus1,2. The potential consists of two components of opposite polarity, each of which apparently depends on separate processes for its generation. This conclusion was based on the findings that the two components vary differently with temperature and that the earlier, positive component (positive peak) can be isolated by cooling3. In this communication we present evidence that the alteration of the chemical environment of the retina also results in independent changes in the amplitudes of the two components of the early receptor potential.
The effect of situational variables on the subjective leisure experience

Abstract This study assesses the impact of three situational variable types, social situation, task definition, and antecedent conditions, on the leisure experience. The effect of each of these variables on leisure behavior is well‐documented. However, researchers have recently begun to develop more subjective leisure measures, as well as assessing leisure behavior. Situational effects on perceived leisure have yet to be determined. In this study, student respondents judged 60 leisure scenarios which contained manipulations of the three situational variables under study. Subjects rated each scenario on a subjective leisure scale. Results from the repeated measures ANOVA design rejected the null hypothesis that individual perceptions of leisure do not vary with the situational variables.
The Problems and Challenges for International Commodity Models and Model Builders

Researchers today are encountering overwhelming economic and methodological problems in specifying, estimating, and simulating commodity models in an attempt to adapt them to our rapidly changing economic environment. These problems in fact become amplified when dealing with international commodity markets where the uncertainties of political and economic behavior increase as do the variety of shocks to the system. Since our means of coping with these problems are limited, a substantial gap exists between the simplistic nature of our models and the complexities of international markets. This paper first provides a background on methodology and problems; it then offers suggestions as to how model builders can cope accordingly.
Regenerative Ruby Laser Amplifiers

An ideal laser amplifier was previously treated as a three-medium transmission system. It was predicted that for a given length, the gain would rise with negative attenuation (population inversion), reach a maximum, decrease rapidly at first, and then gradually approach zero asymptotically.The theory has been tested experimentally, using ruby at liquid-nitrogen temperatures. By controlling the relative times of firing of two rods, one acting as oscillator the other as amplifier, the transmitted power gain was studied. When both the oscillator and amplifier rubies were uncoated, they could be made to oscillate for about 100 μsec giving a well-defined pulse of quasi-cw operation. The gain of the amplifier increased when the input signal from the oscillator approached the time at which the amplifier went into oscillation. If the oscillator was delayed so that its signal occurred at increasing time after the amplifier oscillations had ceased, the power gain decreased, even though the amplifier crystal was still being pumped. Finally, with still further delay of signal relative to the amplifier oscillation period, attentuation in transmission was observed.
Two‐dimensional adiabatic flows on to a black hole – I. Fluid accretion

When gas accretes on to a black hole, at a rate either much less than or much greater than the Eddington rate, it is likely to do so in an ‘adiabatic’ or radiatively inefficient manner. Under fluid (as opposed to magnetohydrodynamic) conditions, the disc should become convective and evolve toward a state of marginal instability. We model the resulting disc structure as ‘gyrentropic’, with convection proceeding along common surfaces of constant angular momentum, Bernouilli function and entropy, called ‘gyrentropes’. We present a family of two-dimensional, self-similar models that describes the time-averaged disc structure. We then suppose that there is a self-similar, Newtonian torque, which dominates the angular momentum transport and that the Prandtl number is large so that convection dominates the heat transport. The torque drives inflow and meridional circulation and the resulting flow is computed. Convective transport will become ineffectual near the disc surface. It is conjectured that this will lead to a large increase of entropy across a ‘thermal front’, which we identify as the effective disc surface and the base of an outflow. The conservation of mass, momentum and energy across this thermal front permits a matching of the disc models to self-similar outflow solutions. We then demonstrate that self-similar disc solutions can be matched smoothly on to relativistic flows at small radius and thin discs at large radius. This model of adiabatic accretion is contrasted with some alternative models that have been discussed recently. The disc models developed in this paper should be useful for interpreting numerical, fluid dynamical simulations. Related principles to those described here may govern the behaviour of astrophysically relevant, magnetohydrodynamic disc models.
A Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Archaeal Signature Gene Encodes for a 5-Formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5′-Monophosphate Synthetase A NEW ENZYME IN PURINE BIOSYNTHESIS

Abstract We have identified and characterized a new member of the ATP-grasp enzyme family that catalyzes the ATP- and formate-dependent formylation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosphate (AICAR) to 5-formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosphate (FAICAR) in the absence of folates. The enzyme, which we designate as PurP, is the product of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii purP gene (MJ0136), which is a signature gene for Archaea. As is characteristic of reactions catalyzed by this family of enzymes, the other products of the reaction, ADP and Pi, were produced stoichiometrically with the amount of ATP, formate, and AICAR used. Formyl phosphate was found to substitute for ATP and formate in the reaction, yet the methylene analog, phosphonoacetaldehyde, was not an inhibitor or substrate for the reaction. The enzyme, along with PurO, which catalyzes the cyclization of FAICAR to inosine 5′-monophosphate, catalyzes the same overall transformation in purine biosynthesis as is accomplished by PurH in bacteria and eukaryotes. No homology exists between PurH and either PurO or PurP. 1H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of an M. jannaschii cell extract showed the presence of free formate that can be used by the enzyme for purine biosynthesis. This formate arises by the reduction of CO2 with hydrogen; this was demonstrated by incorporating 13C into the formate when M. jannaschii cell extracts were incubated with and hydrogen gas. The presence of this signature gene in all of the Archaea indicates the presence of a purine biosynthetic pathway proceeding in the absence of folate coenzymes.
Current conservation and interaction currents with relativistic separable interactions.

A method of minimal substitution is used to obtain the electromagnetic two-body interaction current operator associated with a relativistic separable interaction. The result is shown to satisfy a general restriction obtained from current conservation using the Ward-Takahashi identity within the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. It is shown that this two-body relativistic current operator can be reduced to an effective one-body form. Applications of this method to nuclear few-body systems, relativistic quark systems, and hadronic resonance processes are discussed. The numerical size of the interaction current for the pion charge form factor is estimated.
Biohydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment into grassland, Oklahoma, USA

Woody encroachment affects the biohydrology of rangelands worldwide and can increase evapotranspiration by increasing plant rooting depth, increasing the duration of the growing season, or by initiating a process of hydrologic recovery in formerly overgrazed landscapes. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is encroaching rapidly into rangelands in the Southern Great Plains of the USA, and beyond, including Oklahoma. However, the degree to which increasing growing season duration causes higher evapotranspiration after encroachment is not known. Here we show that increasing the duration of the growing season in north-central Oklahoma’s water-limited climate from seven months (April–October) to 12 months increases modeled evapotranspiration only marginally, from 95% to 97% of precipitation. However, this increase in evapotranspiration with woody encroachment into grassland corresponded to a two-thirds reduction in deep drainage. This study’s estimate of the hydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment is likely to be highly conservative because it does not take into account the runoff-inducing effects of livestock grazing. Comparing simulated hydrologic fluxes in the present study to past work measuring runoff from grazinglands suggests that eastern redcedar encroachment into overgrazed rangelands is likely to increase evapotranspiration significantly. Whether or not eastern redcedar encroachment effects on evapotranspiration are discernable at the watershed scale will depend on the extent of encroachment throughout the watershed. Further research is necessary to quantify how the hydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment vary due to climatic gradient.
TRANSMISSION OF FAR-INFRARED RADIATION THROUGH THIN FILMS OF SUPERCONDUCTING AMORPHOUS BISMUTH AND GALLIUM AND BETA-PHASE GALLIUM.

The ratio $\frac{{T}_{s}}{{T}_{n}}$ of the far-infrared radiation transmitted through a thin film in the superconducting state to that transmitted through it in the normal state has been measured at 1.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for thin-film samples of amorphous bismuth and gallium and samples of partially annealed ($\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase) gallium. The transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of each film was also measured. The sample thicknesses were approximately in the range 50-200 \AA{}. Numerical calculations based on the strong-coupling theory of superconductivity and on tunneling data produced theoretical values of $\frac{{T}_{s}}{{T}_{n}}$ which were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. The only adjustable parameter was the energy-gap width $2{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$. The quantities ${T}_{c}$ and $2{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$ decrease with increasing film resistance. The shift in ${T}_{c}$ has been previously observed by Naugle and Glover in amorphous bismuth and gallium. The abrupt resistance change in these materials at about 19\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, which is characteristic of thicker amorphous films, appeared instead as a more gradual change in resistance beginning at higher temperatures.
Creating Change: Using the Arts to Help Stop the Stigma of Mental Illness and Foster Social Integration

Stigma is a social justice problem that plagues persons with psychiatric disabilities, their families, and society. It fuels the fear underlying discrimination; undermines consumer self-efficacy; and blocks rehabilitation, recovery, and social integration. The author hopes to create a passion for change and suggest a way that everyone can help stop stigma. This approach is simple: to nurture the artistic talent many clients possess and connect them with public venues for their artworks. On display, too, will be the "ability" in "disability." This will reduce stigma while building self-efficacy and empowerment. Anecdotal evidence supports this hypothesis. However, research is needed; a design for a study to test this hypothesis is described. Significantly, an antistigmal arts intervention can be conducted by any aware practitioner; one does not need to be an art therapist or have any background in art, only a desire to make a difference and resources on which to draw.
Prediction of soil loss differences and sediment accumulation at the Nilufer creek watershed, Turkey, using multiyear satellite data in a GIS

This study integrates the RUSLE, remote sensing and GIS to assess soil loss and identify sensitive areas to soil erosion in the Nilufer creek watershed in Bursa province, Turkey. The annual average soil loss was generated separately for years 1984 and 2011, in order to expose possible soil loss differences occurred in 27 years. In addition, sediment accumulation and sediment yield of the studied watershed was also predicted and discussed. The results indicated that very severe erosion risk areas in 1984 was 13.4% of the area, but it was increased to 15.3% by the year 2011, which needs immediate attention from soil conservation point of view. Furthermore, the estimated annual sediment yield of the Nilufer creek watershed was increased from 903 to 979 Mg km−2 y−1 in 27 years period. The study also provides useful information for decision-makers and planners to take appropriate land management practices in the area.
Contaminant fluxes from sediment due to tubificid oligochaete bioturbation

The release of the hydrophobic organic compounds pyrene, dibenzofuran and phenanthrene from bioturbated freshwater sediments was studied in laboratory microcosms. Initial Tubificid oligochaete densities of 0, 6700 and 2.67 × 104 individuals · m−2 were employed. Under oxygen saturated conditions, the difference between the contaminant fluxes from the high-density bioturbated microcosms and controls remained essentially constant at 37 and 70 ng · cm2−2 · d−1 for pyrene and phenanthrene, respectively, corresponding to effective mass transfer coefficients of 0.16 and 0.37 cm/y. Under hypoxic conditions, worm defecation on the sediment surface increased and led to significantly increased fluxes to a maximum of 380, 490 and 940 ng · cm−2 · d−1, for pyrene, phenanthrene and dibenzofuran, respectively. Average bioturbation fluxes in the high-density microcosms of 246, 258 and 310 ng · cm−2 · d−1 for the respective compounds corresponded to effective mass transfer coefficients of 1.7, 3.2, and 7.5 cm/yr. Initial release rates from medium-density microcosms (25% of high density) were typically half the release rate of the high-density microcosms, indicating greater organism activity per individual at the lower density. The increased flux with the more soluble compounds likely reflects more rapid release at the sediment surface and the increased importance of porewater pumping over sediment particle reworking for migration of these compounds.
Nonlinear Krylov and moving nodes in the method of lines

We report on some successes and problem areas in the Method of Lines from our work with moving node finite element methods. First, we report on our "nonlinear Krylov accelerator" for the modified Newton's method on the nonlinear equations of our stiff ODE solver. Since 1990 it has been robust, simple, cheap, and automatic on all our moving node computations. We publicize further trials with it here because it should be of great general usefulness to all those solving evolutionary equations. Second, we discuss the need for reliable automatic choice of spatially variable time steps. Third, we discuss the need for robust and efficient iterative solvers for the difficult linearized equations (Jx = b) of our stiff ODE solver. Here, the 1997 thesis of Zulu Xaba has made significant progress.
Foraging in surfperches: resource partitioning or individualistic responses?

On Naples Reef off southern California, five sympatric species of surfperch (Embiotocidae) eat small animal prey associated with algal turf and other benthos. Although they tend to select different foods in different microhabitats, their different foraging traits are probably ‘individualistic responses’ (non-interactive or autecological species responses to resources) because the species’ pairwise resource overlaps are neither uniformly small nor generally complementary. Mean overlap in both food and foraging microhabitat was significantly greater than ‘random’ as most species converged in resource use. Only two exploiters of extremes in the available spectra of prey types and microhabitats had significantly narrow overlap. Thus, resource overlaps may simply reflect similarities and differences in the species’ independently evolved foraging traits, which were rendered more or less inflexible as different morphological specializations for picking, crunching, or winnowing prey. Therefore, any one species may occur about the reef to its best advantage independently of the others. Its distribution and abundance may simply reflect its tolerance of the local environment. The evidence indicates that the surfperches are not concertedly partitioning resources on Naples Reef, i.e., that the five species had not all coevolved to avoid interspecific competition in the past nor have they all mutually ‘shifted their niches’ to minimize it in the present.
Decrease in Free Computer Science Papers Found through Google Scholar

Purpose – Informally computer scientists reported they could access free copies of research papers they needed via tools such as Google Scholar. To ascertain whether this perception came from widespread free access or from unnoticed employer-paid access, the purpose of this paper was to locate computer science papers and determine what proportion was freely available using Google Scholar. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 1,967 conference papers and periodical papers from 2003 to 2010, indexed in the ACM Guide to Computing Literature, was searched for manually in Google Scholar, using the paper or article title and the first author's surname and supplementary searches as needed. Findings – Free full-text versions were found for 52 per cent of the conference papers and 55 per cent of the periodical papers. Documents with older publication dates were more likely to be freely accessible than newer documents, with free versions found for 71 per cent of items published in 2003 and 43 per cent of items ...
CapMux: A scalable analog front end for low power compressed sensing

Although many real-world signals are known to follow standard models, signals are usually first sampled, rather wastefully, at the Nyquist rate and only then parametrized and compressed for efficient transport and analysis. Compressed sensing (CS) is a new technique that promises to directly produce a compressed version of a signal by projecting it to a lower dimensional but information preserving domain before the sampling process. Designing hardware to accomplish this projection, however, has remained problematic and while some hardware architectures do exist, they are either limited in signal model or scale poorly for low power implementations. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate CapMux, a scalable hardware architecture for a compressed sensing analog front end. CapMux is low power and can handle arbitrary sparse and compressible signals, i.e. it is universal. The key idea behind CapMux's scalability is time multiplexed access to a single shared signal processing chain that projects the signal onto a set of pseudo-random sparse binary basis functions. We demonstrate the performance of a proof-of-concept 16-channel CapMux implementation for signals sparse in the time, frequency and wavelet domains. This circuit consumes 20µA on average while providing over 30dB SNR recovery in most instances.
RACIAL AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH LONG QTC SYNDROME: INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE DATABASE 2009-10

Long QTc syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited or acquired disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and is associated with sudden cardiac death. We examined the risk factors associated with this syndrome as well as gender and racial differences. Using the
Health care discussions and treatment for urinary incontinence in U.S. women

Objective The objective of the study was to determine the proportions of women with urinary incontinence who had discussed their condition with a health care provider or received treatment and to identify factors associated with seeking health care. Study design The study was a population-based, age-stratified postal survey of 6000 women aged 30 to 90 years enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in Washington state. Results The response rate was 64% (n = 3536) after applying exclusion criteria. Eighty percent (n = 1160) of women with urinary incontinence completed a detailed set of questions on care seeking and treatments. Fifty percent had discussed their incontinence with a health care provider, 21% reported receiving surgery or prescription medication, 10% reported performing Kegel exercises, and 48% reported wearing a pad to absorb urine daily or weekly. The following factors were significantly associated with odds of discussing urinary incontinence with a health care provider: age (50 to 69 years, adjusted odds ratio 1.5 [1.1 to 2.0]; 70 to 89 years, adjusted odds ratio 1.9 [1.4, 2.7]); duration of urinary incontinence (2 to 5 years, adjusted odds ratio 1.9 [1.3 to 2.8]; more than 5 years, adjusted odds ratio 2.8 [2.0,4.1]); severe urinary incontinence (adjusted odds ratio 1.7 [1.2 to 2.6]); and greater effect on daily activities (adjusted odds ratio 2.7 [1.9,3.8]). Conclusion Among women with urinary incontinence, one half have discussed their incontinence with a health care provider and one third have received any form of treatment.
A Test of the Simulation of Tropical Convective Cloudiness by a Cloud-Resolving Model

A methodology is described for testing the simulation of tropical convective clouds by models through comparison with observations of clouds and precipitation from earth-orbiting satellites. Clouds are divided into categories that represent convective cores: moderately thick anvil clouds and thin high clouds. Fractional abundances of these clouds are computed as a function of rain rate. A three-dimensional model is forced with steady forcing characteristics of tropical Pacific convective regions, and the model clouds are compared with satellite observations for the same regions. The model produces a good simulation of the relationship between the precipitation rate and optically thick cold clouds that represent convective cores. The observations show large abundances of anvil cloud with a strong dependence on rain rate, but the model produces too little anvil cloud by a factor of about 4 and with a very weak dependence on the rain rate. The observations also show probability density functions for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and albedo with maxima that correspond to extended upper-level cold clouds, whereas the model does not. The sensitivity of the anvil cloud simulation to model parameters is explored using a two-dimensional model. Both cloud physical parameters and mean wind shear effects are investigated. The simulation of anvil cloud can be improved while maintaining a good simulation of optically thick cloud by adjusting the cloud physics parameters in the model to produce more ice cloud and less liquid water cloud.
Predicting Word Reading and Comprehension with Executive Function and Speed Measures Across Development: A Latent Variable Analysis

The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, and naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading and reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, we analyze the constructs simultaneously to test whether each is a unique predictor. We used latent variables from 483 participants (ages 8 to 16) to portion each cognitive and reading construct into its unique and shared variance. In these models we address two specific issues: (a) given that our wide age range may span the theoretical transition from “learning to read” to “reading to learn,” we first test whether the relation between word reading and reading comprehension is stable across two age groups (ages 8 to 10 and 11 to 16); and (b) the main theoretical question of interest: whether what is shared and what is separable for word reading and reading comprehension are associated with individual differences in working memory, inhibition, and measures of processing and naming speed. The results indicated that: (a) the relation between word reading and reading comprehension is largely invariant across the age groups; (b) working memory and general processing speed, but not inhibition or the speeded naming of non-alphanumeric stimuli, are unique predictors of both word reading and comprehension, with working memory equally important for both reading abilities and processing speed more important for word reading. These results have implications for understanding why reading comprehension and word reading are highly correlated yet separable.
Debonding of FRP plated concrete: A tri-layer fracture treatment

A tri-layer interface fracture energy model is developed to facilitate the quantification of various debonding scenarios in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)/epoxy/concrete plated systems. The work is motivated by the relatively thick adhesive bond line generally encountered in such retrofitted systems. With the explicit material and geometric descriptions and the fairly general boundary conditions, the model provides a basis for parametric study and modeling of debonding in different specimen configurations. Comparison of the derived model specialized for peel and shear debonding with results from finite element modeling demonstrates the robustness of the derived model as an effective means to investigate FRP debonding as a basis for design.
The atypical pigmentary retinopathy of Kearns-Sayre syndrome. A light and electron microscopic study.

Abstract Two postmortem eyes from a 52-year-old man with Kearns-Sayre syndrome were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Prior to death, pronounced ptosis, total external ophthalmoplegia, an episodic ventricular cardiac arrhythmia, and an atypical pigmentary retinopathy characterized by "choroidal sclerosis" and pigment clumping were documented. Histopathologic examination revealed atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina that was most marked posteriorly. The preservation of photoreceptors appeared to mirror the health of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Numerous healthy appearing rods were present in the relatively wellpreserved temporal retina. The pattern of photoreceptor degeneration observed in this form of "atypical retinitis pigmentosa" suggests that the primary defect may reside in the retinal pigment epithelium.