cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of an intervention to assist primary care physicians in screening and educating older patients who use alcohol.

Objectives: To evaluate whether providing physicians and older patients with personalized reports of drinking risks and benefits and patient education reduces alcohol-related risks and problems. Design: Prospective comparison study. Setting: Community primary care. Participants: Twenty-three physicians and 665 patients aged 65 and older. Intervention: Combined report, in which six physicians and 212 patients received reports of patients' drinking classifications and patients also received education; patient report, in which 245 patients received reports and education, but their five physicians did not receive reports; and usual care. Measurements: Assessments at baseline and 12 months later to determine patients' nonhazardous (no known risks), hazardous (risks for problems), or harmful (presence of problems) classifications using the Computerized Alcohol-Related Problems Survey (CARPS). The CARPS contains a scanned screening measure and scoring algorithms and automatically produces patient and physician reports and patient education. Results: At baseline, 21% were harmful drinkers, and 26% were hazardous drinkers. The patient report and combined report interventions were each associated with greater odds of lower-risk drinking at follow-up than usual care (odds ratio=1.59 and 1.23, respectively, P<.05 for each). The patient report intervention significantly reduced harmful drinking at follow-up from an expected 21% in usual care to 16% and increased nonhazardous drinking from 52% expected in usual care to 58%. Patients in the combined report intervention experienced a significantly greater average decrease in quantity and frequency. Conclusion: Older primary care patients can effectively reduce their alcohol consumption and other drinking risks when given personalized information about their drinking and health.
Acts of Conscience: World War II, Mental Institutions, and Religious Objectors

Review of: "Acts of Conscience: World War II, Mental Institutions, and Religious Objectors," by Steven J. Taylor, a part of the "Critical Perspectives on Disability" series.
Instrumento Preliminar para Evaluar la Gestión en los Liceos Técnico - Profesionales Municipalizados

School management is considered a relevant organizational variable for the improvement of education. The aim of this research Project was to design a questionnaire that measures the dimensions accounting for the strong organizational culture in technical-professional municipal schools. First, a qualitative approach was used to find the relevant organizational variables. Then, a 110-item questionnaire was designed. Expert judges were used for its content validity, and a hierarchical factor analisys for its construct validity. Three primary factors were found: the principal 's leadership role, the theachers commitment, and the teacher' professional relations.
Historicising Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England: Difference and Sameness in Historical Time

This paper examines the career of Sir William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England from its first appearance in the 1760s into the twentieth century. Specifically, it asks what we can learn about the nature of historical knowledge itself through an exploration of the different editorial practices to which the Commentaries were subjected over the course of two centuries or more. The paper first explores how the Commentaries went from being objects of active "use" to being akin to museum objects venerated for their "style." The paper then undermines this narrative by showing how "style," uncannily, lay at the heart of all the different and contradictory editorial practices to which the Commentaries were subjected, from those most violative of the text's integrity to those most solicitous of it. The paper attempts to confront a question troubling for historians: how do we come to terms with "style"? How do we come to terms with "style's" repeated invocation as various editors sought to fit the Commentaries to the perceived needs of their times?
Three-body forces, relativistic effects, isobars and pions in nuclear systems

Vii = I vP(rij)O~j (2) P +÷ where the O~j are operators such as i, Ti'Tj, Oi'Oj, Sij , L'S, 22 , etc. (Many recent Vij use p=l,14; we refer to these as v14 models.) The many-body SchrBdinger equation is then solved to obtain the ground state energy, wave function, and expectation values of other quantities of interest. Such a procedure gives a qualitative description of nuclear saturation properties, but it is now well established that the simple H of eq.(1) is quantitatively inadequate. For example, the light nuclei are underbound with too large a charge radlus, I while nuclear matter is overbound at far too high a denslty. 2 This note reviews recent studies that go beyond the simple H of eq.(1). These include i) the introduction of threenucleon potentials, 2) estimates of relativistic effects, 3) the introduction of isobar degrees of freedom in the two-body potential, and 4) probing the influence of pion degrees of freedom on nuclear systems.
Estimating the age of renal tumors

We present a Bayesian method for estimating the age of a renal tumor given its size. We use a model of tumor growth based on published data from observations of untreated tumors. We nd, for example, that the median age of a 5 cm tumor is 20 years, with interquartile range 16{23 and 90% condence interval 11{30 years.
Maturation of membrane properties of neurons in the rat deep cerebellar nuclei

Patch clamp recordings of neurons in the adult rat deep cerebellar nuclei have been limited by the availability of viable brain slices. Using a new slicing technique, this study was designed to explore the maturation of membrane properties of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)—an area involved in rat eyeblink conditioning. Compared to whole-cell current–clamp recordings in DCN in rat pups at postnatal day 16 (P16) to P21, recordings from weanling rats at P22–P40 revealed a number of significant changes including an increase in the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP)—an index of membrane excitability which has been shown to be important for eyeblink conditioning—a prolonged interval between the first and second evoked action potential, and an increase in AHP amplitude for hyperpolarization-induced rebound spikes. This is the first report of developmental changes in membrane properties of DCN which may contribute to the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning in the rat. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1268–1276, 2014
Aerodynamic and acoustic effects of abrupt frequency changes in excised larynges.

Purpose To determine the aerodynamic and acoustic effects due to a sudden change from chest to falsetto register or vice versa. It was hypothesized that the continuous change in subglottal pressure...
Relationships of vervet mothers with sons and daughters from one through three years of age

Social relationships between mothers and juvenile offspring were examined in captive, socially-living vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) to assess the effects of offspring age and sex, and the mother's dominance rank on behavioural interactions. The results indicate that both high-and low-ranking mothers approach and groom their daughters more than they approach and groom their sons. The frequency of both aggressive behaviour toward offspring and support of offspring in agonistic encounters with other group members is influenced by the mother's dominance rank, but not by offsprin sex. Compared to sons, daughters (particularly daughters of high-ranking females) approach and groom their mothers more often, and support their mothers more often in intra-group aggression. The results are discussed in terms of several predictions from parental investment theory and the concept of mutualism.
The use of multiparametric monitoring during islet cell isolation and culture: a potential tool for in-process corrections of critical physiological factors.

Variables such as pH, pCO2, and pO2 have been established in the literature as critical factors that could affect the outcome of the islet cell processing and, therefore, the quality of the cells that could be transplanted. This report describes a highly accurate continuous multiparametric monitoring system and its evaluation for continuous monitoring of physiological variables during critical steps of the islet isolation procedure as well as during in vitro culture of the insulin-producing cells. Close monitoring of these variables could be of assistance to improve the outcome of islet cell processing, allowing to identify as soon as possible problems that could be corrected during the procedure, as well as during in vitro preservation, or shipment to remote sites.
Impact testing of structural biological materials

Abstract Structural biological materials must be highly impact resistant, as appendages such as antlers and horns must sustain repeated, seasonal impact loads. Determining the impact damage progression along with the impact strength is very important for understanding how nature has optimized the structure and properties of biological materials in order to guide the design of superior bio-inspired synthetic materials. A drop weight test tower based on standards for testing fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites was designed and fabricated to accommodate the small size of biological materials. The materials tested were divided into two groups: non-mineralized and mineralized. The former demonstrated the highest impact strength and showed strong dependence on water content, while the latter were relatively brittle and demonstrated no dependence on water content. Delamination was the most common damage mode observed for all biological materials tested.
Isolated Pulmonary Aspergillar Infection in Cardiac Transplant Recipients: Case Report and Review

The optimal type and duration of antifungal therapy for localized aspergillosis in cardiac transplant recipients is unclear. We report the case of a patient who had persistent invasive pulmonary aspergillosis despite prolonged treatment with amphotericin B. A combined approach using antifungal therapy and surgery appears effective for localized pulmonary disease. Aspergillar infection in solid organ transplant recipients is reviewed.
Precipitation potentials in a homogeneous aerosol

Abstract Aerosol particles immersed in an ionized environment, accumulate through ionic diffusion free electrical charges that control a number of fundamental aerosol characteristics. The distribution of free charges among the aerosol particles has been worked out. It is assumed that ion production is just balanced by the consumption due to recombination between the ions plus ion diffusion onto the aerosol particles. This permits a calculation of the positive and negative light ion conductivity ratio in the environmental air. This ratio, in turn, determines the magnitude of the particle free charge averaged with respect to sign. The analysis leads to useful expression for the electrical conductivity within the aerosol space. The foregoing estimates permit a determination of the free electrical charges per unit time and per unit area transferred toward the earth by gravity. This charge transfer by precipitation establishes an electric field that builds up to an equilibrium which produces, in turn, a reversed ionic current. The intensity of the generated electric field is determined from aerosol constants and the derived basic relationships. The potentials established by the charge transfer process are calculated by integrating the electric field between limits set by the applicable geometry. The potential differences in a stable nonprecipitating cloud may be thousands of volts. Numerical values for five different typical aerosol clouds are tabulated to illustrate the principal properties of such clouds and the scope of this investigation.
Franchisee perceived relationship value

Purpose – The paper seeks to develop a conceptualization of franchisee perceived relationship value (FPRV), defined as the trade‐off between perceived net worth of tangible and intangible benefits and costs to be derived over the lifetime of the franchisor‐franchisee relationship, as perceived by the franchisee, taking into consideration the available alternative franchise relationships.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of existing literature provided the relevant constructs and concepts for developing a conceptual framework of FPRV.Findings – The behavioral aspects of the franchise relationship are explored from the franchisee's perspective, providing an alternative viewpoint of the franchise relationship.Practical implications – The paper affords a useful foundation for making decisions in a franchise relationship, such as the choice of a new franchisee. This entails a comparison of an existing franchisee about which much is known versus a new franchisee about which less is known. FPRV offers a con...
Gas fluxes in avian eggs: Driving forces and the pathway for exchange

Abstract 1. 1. In this study, we review reported values for fluxes of water vapor and oxygen across the pores in avian eggshells, pore numbers per egg, the changes in O2 and CO2 tensions in the air space during development, and the absolute humidity of bird nests in various climates. 2. 2. With egg mass from 1 to 1500 g as the independent variable we use regression analysis of daily water vapor loss, O2 uptake at the preinternal pipping (PIP) stage of development, and pore numbers to show that O2, CO2 and water vapor fluxes per pore are 68, 50 and 49 μl/day, respectively, independent of egg mass. When these fluxes are divided by the invariant pore conductance previously established by Ar and Rahn (Respir. Physiol. 61, 1–20, 1985), predicted air cell O2 and CO2 tensions of ca 100 and 40 Torr just prior to the initiation of lung function are obtained, values which agree well with mean measured gas tensions in 25 species. 3. 3. Our analysis complements the model proposed by Ar and Rahn, in which pores serve as basic respiratory units for most bird eggs. In this model, pore number per egg is matched to O2 demand at the PIP stage of development to produce the commonly observed air cell gas tensions. Average, total diffusive water loss in 117 species is 15%, SD 2.6, of initial egg mass. To achieve this value requires the proper combination of pore number, egg temperature and nest water vapor tension; the latter is also a function of nest construction and incubation behavior. Examples of nest absolute humidity are cited for 20 species which incubate in diverse climates with ambient absolute humidities from 4 to 22 Torr. Exceptions to the model are seen in eggs incubated under environmental conditions which are unusual in temperature, humidity, or altitude.
Aggregation of cholesterol among young families of men with premature myocardial infarction

Plasma cholesterol levels were obtained for 177 children, of whom 91 were from 38 families of men who had experienced myocardial infarction (MI) prior to age 50, and 86 were from 39 families of neighborhood controls. Cholesterol levels were higher among men with MI, their wives and their children than among control families. Analysis of variance showed significant sibling aggregation of cholesterol levels among both groups of children (p < 0.001). In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient for children of affected men (ri = 0.71) was higher than that for children of healthy men (ri = 0.56). Lastly, for case families only, there were significant father-mother (rp = 0.42, p = 0.04) and father-child (rp = 0.44, p = 0.03) pairwise correlations. In this descriptive study the relative roles of genes and environment cannot be quantified. Thus, genetic factors cannot be excluded, and these findings are also consistent with an hypothesis that families of men with premature MI share similar environmental factors. This study does indicate, however, that such factors determine both higher levels and greater similarities in plasma cholesterol levels among children of men with MI.
Anti-Stokes photoluminescence from n-type free-standing GaN at room temperature based on competition between phonon-assisted and two-photon absorption

We have observed anti-Stokes photoluminescence from n-type free-standing GaN at room temperature. Such a process is caused by phonon-assisted absorption. When the excitation photon energy is sufficiently below the donor–acceptor transition energy, however, two-photon absorption becomes the dominant mechanism for anti-Stokes photoluminescence. By measuring the dependences of the photoluminescence spectra on temperature, excitation power and excitation photon energy, we have demonstrated that the donor–acceptor pair transition plays an important role in anti-Stokes photoluminescence. Our study could result in efficient laser cooling of semiconductors.
The ultrastructure of the pecten oculi in the chick. II. Observations on the bridge and its relation to the vitreous body.

The ultrastructure of the bridge of the pecten oculi was studied in the newlyhatched chick. Whereas most of the bridge resembled the pleats in being composed of small blood vessels and intervening pigment cells, the distal portion of the bridge consisted of polarized pigment cells only. The processes of the pigment cells extended into the vitreous body and were covered by a discontinuous dense lamina, believed to be continuous with that of the internal limiting membrane of the retina. It did not form a complete separation between the bridge and the vitreous body. Intercellular spaces were not conspicuous, although the considerable structural variations dependent on the techniques employed need to be stressed.
Frankenstein and brave new world: Two cautionary myths on the boundaries of science

(1995). Frankenstein and brave new world: Two cautionary myths on the boundaries of science. History of European Ideas: Vol. 20, No. 1-3, pp. 327-332.
Culture of Arabidopsis thaliana Anthers on Liquid Medium

Summary Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. anther cultures on liquid and agar-solidified media was attempted. Anthers floated on stationary liquid medium produced greater numbers of calluses as compared with medium containing agar. Mean chromosome numbers were lower for liquid-grown tissue and maximum shoot regeneration rates were higher. The effects of auxin and cytokinin type and concentration on the success of anther cultures in liquid medium also were examined. The auxin 4-amino-3,5,6 trichloropicolinic acid (trade name «Tordon») enhanced callus induction rates and produced greater frequencies of haploid and haploid-derived shoots than did 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the standard auxin for A. thaliana . Naphthalene acetic acid was found to be less effective than 2,4-D as an auxin in the callus induction and similar results were obtained for N-6-benzyladenine as a substitute for kinetin.
Corner Stitching: A Data-Structuring Technique for VLSI Layout Tools

Corner stitching is a technique for representing rectangular two-dimensional objects. It is especially well suited for interactive VLSI layout editing systems. The data structure has two important features: first, empty space is represented explicitly; and second, rectangular areas are stitched together at their corners like a patchwork quilt. This organization results in fast algorithms (linear or constant expected time) for searching, creation, deletion, stretching, and compaction. The algorithms are presented under a simplified model of VLSI circuits, and the storage requirements of the structure are discussed. Corner stitching has been implemented in a working layout editor. Initial measurements indicate that it requires about three times as much memory space as the simplest possible representation.
Current state-of-the-art in human cell transformation in culture

The immortalization and transformation of cultured human cells has far-reaching implications for both cell and cancer biology. Human cell transformation studies will increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and differentiation. The neoplastic process can now be studied in a model human cell culture system. The accompanying biochemical and genetic changes, once identified, will help define the relationship between malignancy and differentiation. The present studies indeed demonstrate that the neoplastic process can now be studied in a human cell model system. Primary human cells treated with various carcinogens became immortalized in culture but were not tumorigenic. Additional exposure to either retroviruses, chemical carcinogenes or X-ŗay irradiation to these cells induced morphological alterations associated with the acquisition of neoplastic properties. These findings demonstrate the malignant transformation of human primary cells in culture by the combined action of either a DNA transforming virus and a retrovirus or a DNA virus and a chemical or X-ray irradiation, and support an multistep process for neoplastic conversion. It has been known that normal human cells in culture are remarkably resistant to experimentally induced tumorigenicity. However, as shown above, normal human cells could now be transformed into tumorigenic cells.
Oxidative DNA damage and its repair in rat spleen following subchronic exposure to aniline

The mechanisms by which aniline exposure elicits splenotoxic response, especially the tumorigenic response, are not well-understood. Splenotoxicity of aniline is associated with iron overload and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids (oxidative stress). 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most abundant oxidative DNA lesions resulting from ROS, and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1), a specific DNA glycosylase/lyase enzyme, plays a key role in the removal of 8-OHdG adducts. This study focused on examining DNA damage (8-OHdG) and repair (OGG1) in the spleen in an experimental condition preceding a tumorigenic response. To achieve that, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subchronically exposed to aniline (0.5 mmol/kg/day via drinking water for 30 days), while controls received drinking water only. Aniline treatment led to a significant increase in splenic oxidative DNA damage, manifested as a 2.8-fold increase in 8-OHdG levels. DNA repair activity, measured as OGG1 base excision repair (BER) activity, increased by approximately 1.3 fold in the nuclear protein extracts (NE) and approximately 1.2 fold in the mitochondrial protein extracts (ME) of spleens from aniline-treated rats as compared to the controls. Real-time PCR analysis for OGG1 mRNA expression in the spleen revealed a 2-fold increase in expression in aniline-treated rats than the controls. Likewise, OGG1 protein expression in the NEs of spleens from aniline-treated rats was approximately 1.5 fold higher, whereas in the MEs it was approximately 1.3 fold higher than the controls. Aniline treatment also led to stronger immunostaining for both 8-OHdG and OGG1 in the spleens, confined to the red pulp areas. It is thus evident from our studies that aniline-induced oxidative stress is associated with increased oxidative DNA damage. The BER pathway was also activated, but not enough to prevent the accumulation of oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG). Accumulation of mutagenic oxidative DNA lesions in the spleen following exposure to aniline could play a critical role in the tumorigenic process.
Strikes - an Appropriate Action for Health Care Employees? a personal perspective:

In this article I would like to express my personal ideas and points of view about strike action, which I think many colleagues will share. I am a qualified paediatric nurse, currently working in the central operating theatre of a university hospital in Germany. At the same time, I am also finishing my studies in health care sciences. Apart from two short protest strikes, I have not taken part in any strike, because there have not been any during my whole professional career at the hospitals where I have worked. I am personally deeply convinced that strikes are important and are a good and useful tool, in particular to protest against ‘rationalizations’, which so far have led only to lower salaries and fewer jobs for nurses, and have brought no improvement in the conditions for staff or patients.
Reexamining information fusion-decision making inter-dependencies

Many decision-making process models show some level of interdependency between the decision-making (DM) process and its subfunctions and the information available to that decision-making process. One example is the well-known “OODA: Observe-Orient-Decide-Act” model of Boyd [1] and another well-known example is Klein's Naturalistic or Recognition-Primed Decision model [2]. In the Information and Data Fusion (IDF) community, the point of view for process/system development is often centered about forming a least-uncertain estimate of a situational state as derived from multiple sources and sensors. However, there has been, unfortunately, relatively little interaction between the IDF and DM communities', and the critical examination of inter-process interdependencies needed to co-design these processes for optimum performance. This paper argues that IDF, Sensemaking, and DM processes cannot be optimally designed without consideration of such interdependencies, and a variety of details of such interdependencies of these processes are discussed. Among the issues commented on are: little accounting for the “Dual-process Models” of decision-making (factors of which have in fact been addressed by Nobel Laureates), integration of Information Foraging operations and the link to Sensemaking processes supportive of DM, important temporal effects in interprocess design, metrics involved in measuring and evaluating process interdependencies, new factors on the input side such as unstructured and linguistic data, among other factors. The spirit of the paper is as a research challenge for the IDF, cognitive, and DM communities (i.e., the CogSIMA community) and an appeal for joint efforts to evolve optimal designs of these important interdependent processes.
Rat C6 and human astrocytic tumor cells express a neuronal type of glutamate transporter

C6 glioma cells take up aspartate and glutamate by a Na+-dependent transporter. Using the polymerase chain reaction and degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved regions of previously cloned glutamate transporters, we isolated from these cells a partial cDNA clone with a sequence of the neuronal type EAAC1 glutamate transporter. The cells express a 4.4 kb message that hybridizes to this cDNA, and they do not express either of the previously described glial type glutamate transporters, GLT-1 or GLAST. The cells were sensitive to the toxic aspartate analog alanosine, which enters the cells by a glutamate transporter. Several human brain tumors examined, including some astrocytic tumors, expressed the EAAT3 glutamate transporter, which is the human homolog of the rodent EAAC1 transporter. Some of the tumors also expressed the other types of glutamate transporter.
Parallel germline infiltration of a lentivirus in two Malagasy lemurs.

Retroviruses normally infect the somatic cells of their host and are transmitted horizontally, i.e., in an exogenous way. Occasionally, however, some retroviruses can also infect and integrate into the genome of germ cells, which may allow for their vertical inheritance and fixation in a given species; a process known as endogenization. Lentiviruses, a group of mammalian retroviruses that includes HIV, are known to infect primates, ruminants, horses, and cats. Unlike many other retroviruses, these viruses have not been demonstrably successful at germline infiltration. Here, we report on the discovery of endogenous lentiviral insertions in seven species of Malagasy lemurs from two different genera—Cheirogaleus and Microcebus. Combining molecular clock analyses and cross-species screening of orthologous insertions, we show that the presence of this endogenous lentivirus in six species of Microcebus is the result of one endogenization event that occurred about 4.2 million years ago. In addition, we demonstrate that this lentivirus independently infiltrated the germline of Cheirogaleus and that the two endogenization events occurred quasi-simultaneously. Using multiple proviral copies, we derive and characterize an apparently full length and intact consensus for this lentivirus. These results provide evidence that lentiviruses have repeatedly infiltrated the germline of prosimian species and that primates have been exposed to lentiviruses for a much longer time than what can be inferred based on sequence comparison of circulating lentiviruses. The study sets the stage for an unprecedented opportunity to reconstruct an ancestral primate lentivirus and thereby advance our knowledge of host–virus interactions.
COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODIES TO TYPE 2 (LANSING) POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN A NORMAL POPULATION OF A SUBTROPICAL AREA

Sera collected in 1950 from the native population in the vicinity of Cairo, Egypt, have been tested for complement-fixing antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) poliomyelitis virus. Complement-fixing antibodies are confined to the age of 1 to 9 years if a serum dilution of 1:4 is used in the test, or to the age of 1 to 4 years with a serum dilution of 1:16. A comparison has been made of the findings obtained in this study with the results for neutralizing antibodies previously reported. Complement-fixing antibodies were found to be temporary in nature while neutralizing antibodies were maintained for long periods of time. On this basis, criteria for "recent," "old," or "no infection" in poliomyelitis have been established. Sixteen of the children were bled again in 1952, 18 months after the first bleeding and both series of sera were compared in complement fixation and neutralization tests. All children who were negative in 1950 and who developed c-f antibodies by 1952, also developed neutralizing antibodies to a titer of more than 1:250 during the same period. Some children who failed to develop c-f antibodies, did develop neutralizing antibodies although of lower titer than found in children in whom c-f antibodies made their appearance. These findings are discussed in the light of theories regarding the mode of acquisition of antibodies to poliomyelitis virus.
Constitutively active adenylyl cyclase mutant requires neither G proteins nor cytosolic regulators.

Receptor-mediated G protein-linked adenylyl cyclase systems are universal signal transducers. We exploited the essential role of this cascade in Dictyostelium development to screen for random mutations in the catalytic component, ACA. This enzyme is activated by G protein βγ-subunits acting in concert with a novel cytosolic regulator, CRAC. By suppression of the CRAC-null phenotype, we isolated constitutively active versions of the enzyme that require neither exogenous stimuli nor internal regulators. One mutant displayed a 15-fold increase in its Vmax. It harbors a single amino acid substitution (L394S) affecting a conserved residue located in the first cytoplasmic loop near the N-terminal hydrophobic domain of ACA. The screening procedure can be adapted for isolation of constitutive mutations in mammalian adenylyl cyclases.
Pentaquark searches at CLAS

High-statistics experiments to search for pentaquarks in photon-induced production on a proton and deuteron have been pursued with CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory. This talk reviews published results from CLAS experiments and the status of the other ongoing analyses.
Toll-like receptor (TLR2) Regulates Organic Dust-Induced Airway Inflammation

Organic dust exposure in agricultural environments results in significant airway inflammatory diseases. Gram-positive cell wall componentsare present in high concentrations in animal farmingdusts,but their role in mediating dust-induced airway inflammation is not clear. This study investigated the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, a pattern recognition receptor for gram-positive cell wall products, in regulating swine facility organic dust extract (DE)–induced airway inflammation in mice. Isolated lung macrophages from TLR2 knockout mice demonstrated reduced TNF-a, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant/CXCL1, but not macrophage inflammatory protein-2/ CXCL2 expression, after DE stimulation ex vivo. Next, using an established mouse model of intranasal inhalation challenge, we analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue in TLR2deficient and wild-type (WT) mice after single and repetitive DE challenge. Neutrophil influx and select cytokines/chemokines were significantly lower in TLR2-deficient mice at 5 and 24 hours after single DE challenge. After daily exposure to DE for 2 weeks, there were significant reductions in total cellularity, neutrophil influx, and TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL1, but not CXCL2 expression, in TLR2-deficient mice as compared with WT animals. Lung pathology revealed that bronchiolar inflammation, but not alveolar inflammation, was reduced in TLR2-deficient mice after repetitive exposure. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after dust exposure was similar in both groups. Finally, airway inflammatory responses in WT mice after challenge with a TLR2 agonist, peptidoglycan, resembled DE-induced responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the TLR2 pathway is important in regulating swine facility organic dust–induced airway inflammation, which suggests the importance of TLR2 agonists in mediating large animal farming– induced airway inflammatory responses.
Purification of Clover Yellow Mosaic Virus

A VIRUS occurring in a complex with white clover mosaic virus was isolated from white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants growing in Montana1. Host-range and serological studies were made simultaneously at Vancouver2 and Missoula3 and the virus was named clover yellow mosaic virus. The Missoula authors at the same time made a study of the distribution of the virus in the United States. The present investigation was made using this virus maintained on clover plants.
Barnacle settlement versus recruitment as indicators of larval delivery. II. Time-series analysis and hypothesized delivery mechanisms

Larval delivery to benthic habitats can strongly influence populations and community structure. Censusing of individuals has been used to infer mechanisms of delivery with measure- ments made daily of settlement and weekly to monthly of recruitment. Conclusions from these stud- ies are quite different: daily settlement studies find that delivery varies with the spring-to-neap tidal cycle, suggesting shoreward transport by the internal tides, while weekly to monthly recruitment studies find variations related to upwelling and downwelling with delivery due to upwelling relax- ation. To resolve this dichotomy, the 2 types of observations were replicated simultaneously. 'Safety Walk' settlement plates were placed in the intertidal zone at Bastendorff Beach, Oregon. Plates were divided into quarters, which were censused daily, weekly, biweekly, and every 4 wk. Settlement was highly pulsed; pulses occurred between the neap and spring tide, with ~74% of the settlement vari- ability attributable to variation in daily tidal range. Much smaller secondary pulses occurred at the onset of upwelling. The recruitment time series did not correlate with any physical variable, proba- bly due to high cyprid mortality, density-dependent settlement, averaging of physical variables over the sample intervals, and aliasing. Replicating settlement and recruitment studies at the same place and over the same time frame demonstrated that time series of daily settlement provide detailed insight into the possible mechanism of delivery of cyprids to the shore, while recruitment time series did not.
Induced Collagenolytic Activity by Electrical Stimulation of Embryonic Fibroblasts in Tissue Culture

Continuous electrical stimulation (3.5 μ amp; 1 sine wave cycle per second) of tissue culture human embryonic fibroblasts in the presence of HCL demineralized bone significantly transformed the normal cells. After 8 to 12 days of stimulation, the cells lost the capacity to form sheets; the central nucleus moved peripherally and the cells acted as phagocytes; and multinuclear cells in association with bone showed osteoclastlike properties.
Evidence for a hippocampal-septal glutamatergic pathway in the rat.

Kainic acid lesions of the hippocampal formation resulted in degeneration of axons and terminals in the lateral septal nuclei and in the nucleus accumbens. The degeneration of the hippocampal-septal projection was associated with a selective reduction in the synaptosomal sodium-dependent uptake of l-[3H]glutamate (−30 to 40%) and in the concentration of l-glutamate in the P2 fraction (−20%). Presynaptic neurochemical markers for cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the septal nuclei were not reduced by the hippocampal lesion. Transection of the hippocampal-septal projection at the fornix reduced the synaptosomal uptake of l-[3H]glutamate 40% but did not significantly reduce [3H]GABA uptake in the septal nuclei. The hippocampal-septal pathway, an excitatory projection, may thus be glutamatergic.
Breakdown of diffusive motion in an interacting lattice gas

Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation is presented for the tracers' diffusion of an interacting lattice gas model as a function of temperature and concentration. The rms displacement shows a diffusive power-law behavior in the dilute regime, as in hard-core lattice gas. In three dimensions, the transport becomes anomalous at a higher concentration regime which depends on temperature. In two dimensions, the global transports cease to occur at intermediate concentrations leading to a trapping, and reappears as a metastable nondiffusive transport at higher concentrations.
Rice, Rice, Rice in the Bin: Addressing Culturally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Classrooms

(2009). Rice, Rice, Rice in the Bin: Addressing Culturally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Classrooms. Childhood Education: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 27-32.
Cybernetic Big Five Theory.

Cybernetics, the study of goal-directed, adaptive systems, is the best framework for an integrative theory of personality. Cybernetic Big Five Theory attempts to provide a comprehensive, synthetic, and mechanistic explanatory model. Constructs that describe psychological individual differences are divided into personality traits, reflecting variation in the parameters of evolved cybernetic mechanisms, and characteristic adaptations, representing goals, interpretations, and strategies defined in relation to an individual’s particular life circumstances. The theory identifies mechanisms in which variation is responsible for traits in the top three levels of a hierarchical trait taxonomy based on the Big Five and describes the causal dynamics between traits and characteristic adaptations. Lastly, the theory links function and dysfunction in traits and characteristic adaptations to psychopathology and well-being.
A Sinuous Tumulus over an Active Lava Tube at Klauea Volcano: Evolution, Analogs, and Hazard Forecasts

Abstract Inflation of narrow tube-fed basaltic lava flows (tens of meters across), such as those confined by topography, can be focused predominantly along the roof of a lava tube. This can lead to the development of an unusually long tumulus, its shape matching the sinuosity of the underlying lava tube. Such a situation occurred during Kīlauea Volcano's (Hawai'i, USA) ongoing East Rift Zone eruption on a lava tube active from July through November 2010. Short-lived breakouts from the tube buried the flanks of the sinuous, ridge-like tumulus, while the tumulus crest, its surface composed of lava formed very early in the flow's emplacement history, remained poised above the surrounding younger flows. At least several of these breakouts resulted in irrecoverable uplift of the tube roof. Confined sections of the prehistoric Carrizozo and McCartys flows (New Mexico, USA) display similar sinuous, ridge-like features with comparable surface age relationships. We contend that these distinct features formed in a fashion equivalent to that of the sinuous tumulus that formed at Kīlauea in 2010. Moreover, these sinuous tumuli may be analogs for some sinuous ridges evident in orbital images of the Tharsis volcanic province on Mars. The short-lived breakouts from the sinuous tumulus at Kīlauea were caused by surges in discharge through the lava tube, in response to cycles of deflation and inflation (DI events) at Kīlauea's summit. The correlation between DI events and subsequent breakouts aided in lava flow forecasting. Breakouts from the sinuous tumulus advanced repeatedly toward the sparsely populated Kalapana Gardens subdivision, destroying two homes and threatening others. Hazard assessments, including flow occurrence and advance forecasts, were relayed regularly to the Hawai'i County Civil Defense to aid their lava flow hazard mitigation efforts while this lava tube was active.
Medical Education Teaching Resources

Objective Numerous monographs on psychiatry education have appeared without a review specifically intended to assist psychiatry faculty and trainees in the selection of appropriate volumes for study and reference. The authors prepared this annotated bibliography to fill that gap.
Composition of an isoelectric focusing gel yielding a broad pH gradient

Abstract An isoelectric focusing gel system is described which produces a pH gradient spanning the range 4–9. When chick brain mitochondrial polypeptides were focused on such a gel, extra polypeptide spots were observed in the basic region which were not seen in a gel prepared by conventional methods.
Experimental Research of Damage Occurred on Large Cross-Section Conductor by Different Patterns of String Pulley

To study conductor damage induced by different patterns of string pulley in process of tension stringing, damage experiment is performed on string pulleys with multi wheels and single wheel. Damages occurred on conductor by two different kinds of string pulleys are analyzed. Results show that there are no significant decrements in strength of conductor with trapezoidal conductor when it is passing through different patterns of string pulley. It indicates that damages on conductor with trapezoidal conductor caused by both types of string pulley are similar. It is also found that average strength of conductor with circular conductor decreases 1.60% and 2.99% when conductor is passing through string pulley with single wheel and multi wheels over twenty times. It is concluded that strength damage on conductor with circular conductor induced by multi wheels is a little larger than that by single wheel
Naval Power and European Security

Naval power can enhance or threaten the security of Western European states in circumstances from a NATO—Warsaw Pact war at one end of the spectrum of violence to situations such as the Cod War or Greek—Turkish posturing at the other. While the NATO—Pact contingency seems the least probable, it remains the most consequential and is the contingency investigated here. It is opportune to do so since a debate is under way (and should intensify as national budgets constrict) within and among NATO states as to how naval power ought to be structured and implemented to deter a Pact attack and fight should deterrence fail. The debate is essentially between two schools of thought. One argues that the best defence of NATO maritime interests is a forward offence and that NATO navies can make a strategic difference beyond simply protecting sea lanes. The second school believes that the best defence is defensive only, and that sea lane protection is the only strategic naval objective. Anything beyond that is viewed as wasteful and probably escalatory.
High performance microsystem packaging: A perspective

The second silicon revolution will be based on intelligent, integrated microsystems where multiple technologies (such as analog, digital, memory, sensor, micro-electro-mechanical, and communication devices) are integrated onto a single chip or within a multichip module. A necessary element for such systems is cost-effective, high-performance packaging. This paper examines many of the issues associated with the packaging of integrated microsystems, with an emphasis on the areas of packaging design, manufacturability, and reliability.
Computational complexity issues in operative diagnosis of graph-based systems

Systems that can be modeled as graphs, such that nodes represent the components and the edges represent the fault propagation between the components, are considered. Some components are equipped with alarms that ring in response to faulty conditions. In these systems, two types of problem are studies: fault diagnosis and alarm placement. The fault diagnosis problems deal with computing the set of all potential failure sources that correspond to a set of ringing alarms. Single faults, where exactly one component can become faulty at any time, are primarily considered. Systems are classified into zero-time and non-zero-time systems on the basis of fault propagation time. The latter are further classified on the basis of knowledge of propagation times. For each of these classes algorithms are presented for single fault diagnosis. The problem of detecting multiple faults is shown to be NP-complete. An alarm placement problem that requires a single fault to be uniquely diagnosed is examined. >
Performance Analysis of GPU Accelerators with Realizable Utilization of Computational Density

With the rising number of application accelerators, developers are looking for ways to evaluate new and competing platforms quickly, fairly, and early in the development cycle. As high-performance computing (HPC) applications increase their demands on application acceleration platforms, graphics processing units (GPUs) provide a potential solution for many developers looking for increased performance. Device performance metrics, such as Computational Density (CD), provide a useful but limited starting point for device comparison. The authors developed the Realizable Utilization (RU) metric and methodology to quantify the discrepancy between theoretical device performance shown by CD and the performance developers can achieve. As the RU score increases, the application is achieving a larger percentage of the computational power the device can provide. The authors survey technical publications about GPUs and use this data to analyze the RU scores for several arithmetic application kernels that are frequently accelerated in GPUs. The RU concepts presented in this paper are a first step towards a formalized comparison framework for diverse devices such as CPUs, FPGAs, GPUs and other novel architectures. GPU kernels for matrix multiplication, matrix decomposition, and N-body simulations show RU scores ranging from almost 0% to approaching 99% depending on the application, but all kernel areas show a significant decrease in RU as the computational capacities increase. Additionally, the RU scores show the higher realized performance of the GeForce 8 Series GPUs versus newer GPU architectures. This paper shows that applications running on GPUs with higher computational density report significantly lower RU scores than more mature GPUs with lower computational density. This trend implies that while the raw performance available is still increasing with newer GPUs, the achieved performance is not keeping pace with the theoretical capacities of the devices.