cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design tradeoffs in long‐term research for stream salamanders

Long-term research programs can benefit from early and periodic evaluation of their ability to meet stated objectives. In particular, consideration of the spatial allocation of effort is key. We sampled 4 species of stream salamanders intensively for 2 years (2010–2011) in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA to evaluate alternative distributions of sampling locations within stream networks, and then evaluated via simulation the ability of multiple survey designs to detect declines in occupancy and to estimate dynamic parameters (colonization, extinction) over 5 years for 2 species. We expected that fine-scale microhabitat variables (e.g., cobble, detritus) would be the strongest determinants of occupancy for each of the 4 species; however, we found greater support for all species for models including variables describing position within the stream network, stream size, or stream microhabitat. A monitoring design focused on headwater sections had greater power to detect changes in occupancy and the dynamic parameters in each of 3 scenarios for the dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) and red salamander (Pseudotriton ruber). Results for transect length were more variable, but across all species and scenarios, 25-m transects are most suitable as a balance between maximizing detection probability and describing colonization and extinction. These results inform sampling design and provide a general framework for setting appropriate goals, effort, and duration in the initial planning stages of research programs on stream salamanders in the eastern United States. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Moral character effects in endorser perception

This research consists of two experimental studies investigating the influence of moral character on endorser perception, and the influence of perceiver characteristics on tarnished endorser perception and brand evaluations. Perceiver characteristics are discussed from the perspectives of dispositional tendency, innate moral intuitions and self-location. The first study compared the influences of moral character and warmth on endorser perception. The second study examined the impact of perceiver characteristics on tarnished endorsers and brand evaluations. The findings reveal that moral character is more influential than warmth on endorser evaluations. Tarnished endorsers with immoral character exert more negative influence than tarnished endorsers with coldness character on brand evaluations. Innate moral intuitions and self-location moderate brand evaluations. High-morality consumers and heart-locators are more vulnerable than low-morality and brain-locators to the brands endorsed by tarnished endorsers, respectively.
Education and patient preferences for treating type 2 diabetes: a stratified discrete-choice experiment.

Purpose Diabetes is a chronic condition that is more prevalent among people with lower educational attainment. This study assessed the treatment preferences of patients with type 2 diabetes by educational attainment. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a national online panel in the US. Treatment preferences were assessed using a discrete-choice experiment. Participants completed 16 choice tasks in which they compared pairs of treatment profiles composed of six attributes: A1c decrease, stable blood glucose, low blood glucose, nausea, treatment burden, and out-of-pocket cost. Choice models and willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates were estimated using a conditional logit model and were stratified by educational status. Results A total of 231 participants with a high school diploma or less education, 156 participants with some college education, and 165 participants with a college degree or more completed the survey. Participants with a college degree or more education were willing to pay more for A1c decreases ($58.84, standard error [SE]: 10.6) than participants who had completed some college ($28.47, SE: 5.53) or high school or less ($17.56, SE: 3.55) (p≤0.01). People with a college education were willing to pay more than people with high school or less to avoid nausea, low blood glucose events during the day/night, or two pills per day. Conclusion WTP for aspects of diabetes medication differed for people with a college education or more and a high school education or less. Advanced statistical methods might overcome limitations of stratification and advance understanding of preference heterogeneity for use in patient-centered benefit-risk assessments and personalized care approaches.
The Surgical Workplace Learning Environment: Integrating Coaching and Mentoring

Given the life-and-death nature of surgery, we have high expectations that future surgeons will be proficient across a number of competencies. The surgical setting is a busy workplace learning environment for attending physicians, residents, medical students, and the surgical team. Learners within this environment must seek out both informal and formal learning opportunities in order for targeted, ongoing development. A learning culture that integrates coaches and mentors provides an avenue for performance improvement across a wide range of competencies. In addition, coaching and mentoring extends learning relationships in order to frame learning as a continuous, relational, and lifelong endeavor. This chapter provides insight into workplace learning, the roles of mentors and coaches in development, and strategies for embedding authentic coaching and mentoring within a surgical education setting.
Anticipatory Grief, Proactive Coping, Social Support, and Growth: Exploring Positive Experiences of Preparing for Loss:

All mental health professionals will inevitably serve clients who face the expected death of a loved one. Prominent theories on the grieving process tend to begin after a death or other loss has occurred. Many individuals experience anticipatory grief prior to the physical death. Participants in this study consisted of 120 adults who were anticipating the death of a loved one due to terminal illness. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the relationship between the positive disposition of proactive coping and two forms of growth. Both personal and posttraumatic growth were present to a significant degree, and proactive coping illustrated unique predictive power in personal growth. Social support was a significant mediator of proactive coping and growth and was determined to be an outcome of the assertive nature of this disposition. Implications for helping professionals who serve anticipatory grievers as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Focal Adhesions Undergo Longitudinal Splitting into Fixed-Width Units

Summary Focal adhesions (FAs) and stress fibers (SFs) act in concert during cell motility and in response to the extracellular environment. Although the structures of mature FAs and SFs are well studied, less is known about how they assemble and mature de novo during initial cell spreading. In this study using live-cell Airyscan microscopy, we find that FAs undergo “splitting” during their assembly, in which the FA divides along its longitudinal axis. Before splitting, FAs initially appear as assemblies of multiple linear units (FAUs) of 0.3-μm width. Splitting occurs between FAUs, resulting in mature FAs of either a single FAU or of a small number of FAUs that remain attached at their distal tips. Variations in splitting occur based on cell type and extracellular matrix. Depletion of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) results in reduced splitting. FA-associated tension increases progressively during splitting. Early in cell spreading, ventral SFs are detected first, with other SF sub-types (transverse arcs and dorsal SFs) being detected later. Our findings suggest that the fundamental unit of FAs is the fixed-width FAU, and that dynamic interactions between FAUs control adhesion morphology.
Left Ventricular Volume by Biplane Two-dimensional Echocardiography

The development of an electronically phased two-dimensional echocardiograph with a wide (84°) scanning angle and a small (2.5 cm2) transducer enabled us to develop a method of obtaining noninvasive orthogonal biplane images which are in some respects analogous to angiographic projections. The method which we employed was noteworthy in that it made use of both the precordium and the apex impulse location as imaging windows. The investigation which forms the basis of this report tested the ability of these biplane echographic left ventricular images to approximate biplane cineangiography volume information in a group of patients in whom wall motion abnormalities were common.
Integrating story-centric and character-centric processes for authoring interactive drama

Computer aided interactive drama has been widely applied for entertainment and pedagogy. Most existing approaches for authoring interactive drama use either story-centric or character-centric processes. In this work, we present a new framework that integrates both types of processes to support authoring. This framework uses a multi-agent system to control virtual characters in a story. The characters' motivations are encoded as the agents' goals, and are configured based on well-structured story paths generated using a partial order planner. This framework allows the use of a planner that models the story at a more abstract level than the multi-agent system, and thus avoids the effort of building equivalent models of the story using both the planner and the multi-agent system. We explore the use of this new framework for authoring interactive dramas. Preliminary examples of application are presented.
The ltk gene encodes a novel receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase.

Abstract Previously, analysis of cDNAs encoding the ltk tyrosine kinase suggested that the structure of this protein was unique among tyrosine kinases, containing a transmembrane domain but only a short, or virtually non-existent, extracellular domain. Further, it was suggested that translational initiation might occur predominantly at a CTG codon. We have now cloned and sequenced a putative full length human ltk cDNA which contains novel sequence information relative to previously identified cDNAs. This ltk cDNA encodes a protein product containing all of the features of typical receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase, including: an ATG translational initiation codon, a secretory signal sequence and a 347 amino acid extracellular domain as well as transmembrane and intracellular kinase domains. Ribonuclease protection analysis indicates that our cloned cDNA represents the most abundant species of mature ltk mRNA. In vitro transcription and translation of the ltk cDNA yields a 100 kDa protein, consistent with initiation at the putative ATG translational codon. In addition, transfection of the ltk cDNA into COS-1 cells produces a similar-sized, glycosylated protein possessing in vitro kinase activity. These data indicate that the ltk gene product likely functions as a cell surface receptor for an unidentified cellular growth factor.
Relationships between Collateral Blood Flow and Myocardial Mechanics in Dogs and Pigs

Regional myocardial mechanical performance has been considered since the observations of Tennant and Wiggers1 to depend directly on regional coronary blood flow. However, this relationship is not linear in that increases in blood flow do not per se improve normal myocardial mechanics. Conversely, acute reductions of blood flow by coronary artery ligation result in a cessation of systolic shortening in myocardial regions which may have as much as 50% of normal blood flow.2 Recently, it has been suggested that inhomogeneities of transmural blood flow, distribution resulting in endocardial hypoperfusion, despite apparently normal transmural blood flow, will be expressed as hypokinetic myocardial mechanics in the affected region.3
The Binding of Juvenile Hormone to Larval Epidermis: Influence of Carrier Protein from the Hemolymph of Plodia interpunctella

The role of juvenile hormone (JH) in growth and development of insects has been discussed in several recent reviews (Menn and Beroza, 1972; Burdette, 1974; Slama et al., 1974). The hormone is secreted by the corpora allata and is transported by the hemolymph to target tissues. Lipoproteins and low molecular weight proteins in the hemolymph have been implicated as carriers for JH (Trautmann, 1972; Whitmore and Gilbert, 1972; Emmerich and Hartmann, 1973; Kramer et al., 1974a; Ferkovich et al., 1975). The low molecular weight proteins which bind JH and have been isolated from both Manduca sexta (Sanburg et al., 1975a,b) and Plodia interpunctella * protect JH against nonspecific esterases in fourth- and early fifth-instar larvae. JH specific esterases that degrade the protein-bound JH also appear in the hemolymph during the late fifth instar and may provide a mechanism for removing JH from the hemolymph to permit metamorphosis.
How do legal surprises drive organizational attention and case resolution? An analysis of false patent marking lawsuits

Abstract Legal surprises are unexpected suits or actions in which plaintiffs rely on claims or precedents that may be obscure, unfamiliar, or unknown to the defendants. Our study explores false patent marking suits, a unique type of patent-related legal surprise involving allegations of defendants marking products with ineligible patent numbers to deceive customers and/or deter competitors. An abrupt shift in U.S. Federal Courts’ interpretation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) policy amplified plaintiff incentives for filing these suits while escalating defendant penalties for proven violations. Handling costly legal surprises such as false patent marking suits requires focused attention from managers. Our core premise is that temporal and evidential cues in the timelines and storylines of plaintiffs’ legal narratives in surprise suits attract defendants’ organizational attention. We hypothesize about temporal focus (past, present, and future) and evidentiary reasoning (relevance, credibility, and inferential power) as attention cues and possible predictors of the mode (litigation or negotiation) and timing of case resolution. We apply automated content analysis to official court records for 992 false patent marking cases (2009–2011) and quantify competing risks using hazard models. We find that differences in temporal focus and evidentiary reasoning in the legal narratives of surprise suits are significant predictors of case resolution mode and timing. We also find that defendants countersuing to redirect plaintiffs’ attention is an effective negotiating tactic. We discuss the economic significance and strategic implications of our empirical findings on legal surprises, attention, case resolution mode and timing, and the unintended consequences of IPR policy changes.
TCT-860 LAMPOON to Facilitate Tendyne Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: From Animal Model to First-in-Human

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement may cause fatal left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction due to septal displacement and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet. The LAMPOON technique has been used successfully in patients to prevent LVOT obstruction after S3
Feasibility of an Internet-based positive psychological intervention for hemodialysis patients with symptoms of depression.

ABSTRACTBackground: Depression is a pervasive psychological issue facing hemodialysis (HD) patients. Novel technology-based treatment strategies that deploy psychology-based interventions have not been the focus for therapy and few published studies exist. The aim of the current trial is to determine the feasibility and acceptability of an Internet-based positive psychological intervention in HD patients with comorbid depressive symptoms. Methods: HD patients (n = 14) with elevated symptoms of depression were enrolled in a single-arm pre-post trial with clinical assessments at baseline and immediately post intervention. Chairside during regularly scheduled HD treatment, patients utilized a web browser to complete online modules promoting skills for increasing positive emotion over a 5-week period using Apple IPads. Targeted skills included noting of daily positive events, gratitude, positive reappraisal, acts of kindness, and mindfulness/meditation. Results: Twelve of 14 patients completed the program for...
Analytical Fragility Curves of Open Frame Platform Structures

The seismic performance of open frame platform structures which is a complex structure commonly found in large oil refineries is evaluated in this study. Analytical Fragility curves are developed to evaluate the performance of each platform models at Immediate Occupancy damage state after an earthquake. The methodology that were used to develop the curves, are based on calculating axial deformation of the brace member using nonlinear time history analysis for different ground motions with different intensities and frequency contents. The fragility curves are developed based on the acceptance criteria for the brace member given from the FEMA 356. It was found that as the bracing member size increases within the same structural shape, the performance of the structure in reaching/exceeding immediate occupancy performance level decreases. Additionally, as the height of the structure increases the probability of reaching immediate occupancy increases. It was also found that certain structural members are not to be used as bracing members for these structures.
Fiscal Difficulties of Cities, the Labor Market, and Health Care

We investigated labor force and health outcomes in cities experiencing fiscal difficulties to assess how those difficulties might impact their employees. We matched 23 cities with bond downgrades and 31 cities with stable bond ratings to sampling units in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Starting the year before the downgrade and for the four subsequent years, the rate of separation from local public employment fell in the cities with downgrades relative to the comparison group. Self-reported health may have worsened, but there were no statistically significant effects on health care use or spending.
Lonely But Not Alone: Neuroticism Mediates the Relationship Between Social Network Size and Loneliness in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: Although individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often report higher levels of social isolation, little is known about the factors influencing their self-perception of loneliness. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness, social network size, and personality variables (neuroticism and extraversion) after TBI, and in particular whether specific personality variables mediate the relationship between social network size and perception of loneliness. Methods: Here, we assessed self-reported loneliness, personality variables, and social network size of 24 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI and 41 healthy comparison participants. We then carried out a mediation analysis to examine whether personality variables mediated the relationship between loneliness and social network size. Results: Our results indicate that individuals with TBI reported higher levels of loneliness and neuroticism, but there was no group difference in social network size or extraversion. The mediation analysis revealed that the association between social network size and loneliness was mediated by neuroticism, but not by extraversion. Conclusions: Our findings show that neuroticism is an intervening variable in the relationship between social network size and self-perception of loneliness in individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI, and presents a new possible target for clinicians and rehabilitators seeking to address reports of loneliness and social isolation in TBI. (JINS 2019, 25, 266–274)
Understanding the Linkages: A Dynamic Sustainability Assessment Method and Decision Making in Manufacturing Systems

Abstract Traditional sustainability assessment conducts life cycle economic, environmental, and social impact assessment individually and utilizes multi-criteria or optimization methods for decision making. This method is usually challenged by systems thinkers who believe that system is an integrated whole with elements interconnected and the analysis requires continuous learning and understanding. In manufacturing systems, there is still a lack of understanding on linkages of economic, environmental and social activities and impacts, especially the interactions based on manufacturing system behaviors. This hinders manufacturer strategic and tactic decision making at unit process, shopfloor, and enterprise levels. This articles proposes a dynamic sustainability assessment method based on system dynamics modeling of behaviors and systemically connects economic, environmental, and social impact assessments in manufacturing system sustainability assessment. The method identifies sustainable manufacturing problems with characteristics. Creative method design from systems science is used to incorporate knowledge from system dynamics, risk assessment, sustainability assessment, and life cycle engineering to tackle complex problem, and design the method structure. A case study demonstrated that modeling based method is able to assist manufacturing practitioners and researchers understand the underlying economic, environmental, and social relations in manufacturing systems.
Expanding the TNM for cancers of the colon and rectum using machine learning: a demonstration.

Objective The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) system for staging cancers of the colon and rectum includes depth of tumour penetration, number of positive lymph nodes and presence or absence of metastasis. Using machine learning, we demonstrate that these factors can be integrated with age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) interpretation and tumour location, to form prognostic systems that expand the tumour, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) staging system. Methods Two datasets on colon and rectal cancers were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Programme of the National Cancer Institute. Dataset 1 included three factors (tumour, lymph nodes and metastasis). Dataset 2 contained six factors (tumour, lymph nodes, metastasis, age, CEA interpretation and tumour location). The Ensemble Algorithm for Clustering Cancer Data (EACCD) and the C-index were applied to generate prognostic groups. Results The EACCD prognostic system based on dataset 1 stratified patients into 10 risk groups, analogous to the 10 stages of the AJCC staging system. There was a strong inter-system association between EACCD grouping and AJCC staging (Spearman’s rank correlation=0.9046, p value=1.6×10−17). However, the EACCD system had a significantly higher survival prediction accuracy than the AJCC system (C-index=0.7802 and 0.7695, respectively for the EACCD system and AJCC system, p value=4.9×10−91). Adding age, or CEA interpretation, or location improved the prediction accuracy of the prognostic system-involving tumour, lymph nodes and metastasis. The EACCD prognostic system based on dataset 2 and all six factors stratified patients into 10 groups with the highest survival prediction accuracy (C-index=0.7914). Conclusions The EACCD can integrate multiple factors to stratify patients with colon or rectal cancer into risk groups that predict survival with a high accuracy.
Listening and Learning: Pacifica Radio Archives’ “American Women: 1963-1982” Digitization and Access Project:

In 2016, the Pacifica Radio Archives in Los Angeles completed a two-year project in which more than 2,000 recordings of broadcasts from 1963 to 1982, produced by or about women, were digitized, rec...
P54 Outcome Evaluation of the University of Tennessee Extension Farmers’ Market Fresh Nutrition Education Program

Background In 2015, University of Tennessee Extension (UT Extension) piloted the nutrition education program Farmers’ Market Fresh (FMF) with a primary objective of encouraging fruit/vegetable (FV) consumption by limited-resource families through purchases at farmers’ markets. FMF is funded by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) and has since been expanded to over 30 markets statewide. Objective To measure the effectiveness of FMF among limited-resource families. Study Design, Settings, Participants Altarum conducted an outcome evaluation to assess exposure, changes in attitudes and behavior, and demographics. Adults were surveyed at SNAP-Ed eligible farmers’ markets with FMF (intervention) and without FMF (comparison) in July and August 2018. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Descriptive statistics described the sample and outcome variables. Confidence intervals estimated associations between FMF and outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to determine the impact of FMF on outcomes, controlling for demographic characteristics. Results A total of 382 surveys were completed; 211 intervention and 171 comparison. Intervention respondents were two and a half times as likely as comparison to receive information on healthy eating and nutrition, almost three times as likely to learn about purchasing fresh FV on a budget, and 2.4 times as likely to learn about selecting a variety of FV. Intervention respondents were significantly more likely than comparison to report being very confident in their ability to purchase fresh FV on a budget (69% versus 50%) and to select a variety of fresh FV (82% versus 68%). Respondents attending the market at least once per week were more likely than those attending less than once per week to report increased FV consumption. Intervention respondents with minor children in the household were significantly more likely than those without children to report trying a new FV (74% versus 52%) and trying a new recipe (74% versus 46%). Conclusion FMF was successful in reaching farmers’ market shoppers and increasing confidence and behaviors related to healthy eating.
Deep Learning Calibration of the High-Frequency Airborne Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radiometer (HAMMR) Instrument

Calibration plays an important role in improving the accuracy of the microwave and millimeter-wave radiometric measurements. Several calibration techniques have been used in radiometers including external calibration targets, vicarious sources, and internal calibrators such as noise diodes or matched reference load. A new calibration technique based on deep learning has recently been developed to calibrate microwave and millimeter-wave radiometers. The deep-learning calibrator has been previously demonstrated on a computer noise-wave modeled Dicke-switching radiometer. This article applies the new deep-learning calibration technique for the calibration of the high-frequency airborne microwave and millimeter-wave radiometer (HAMMR) instrument. A deep-learning neural network model is built to calibrate the 2014 West Coast Flight Campaign antenna temperature measurements of the HAMMR. The deep-learning calibrator antenna temperature estimates are obtained from the radiometric measurements. The deep-learning calibration results are compared with the existing conventional calibration techniques used in HAMMR 2014 field campaign. The results have shown that the deep-learning calibrator is in agreement with the conventional calibration techniques. In this article, it is demonstrated that the deep-learning calibrator can be employed for calibrating the radiometers with high accuracy.
Indians into Mexicans: History and Identity in a Mexican Town

The people of Mexquitic, a town in the state of San Luis Potosi in rural northeastern Mexico, have redefined their sense of identity from "Indian" to "Mexican" over the last two centuries. In this ethnographic and historical study of Mexquitic, David Frye explores why and how this transformation occurred, thereby increasing our understanding of the cultural creation of "Indianness" throughout the Americas. Frye focuses on the local embodiments of national and regional processes that have transformed rural "Indians" into modern "Mexicans": parish priests, who always arrive with personal agendas in addition to their common ideological baggage; local haciendas; and local and regional representatives of royal and later of national power and control. He looks especially at the people of Mexquitic themselves, letting their own words describe the struggles they have endured while constructing their particular corner of Mexican national identity. This ethnography, the first for any town in northeastern Mexico, adds substantially to our knowledge of the forces that have rendered "Indians" almost invisible to European-origin peoples from the fifteenth century up to today. It will be important reading for a wide audience not only in anthropology and Latin American studies but also among the growing body of general readers interested in the multicultural heritage of the Americas.
The Identification Problems in SPECT: Uniqueness, Non-uniqueness and Stability

We study an inverse problem arising in Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT): recover an unknown source distribution with a unknown attenuation.
Saturation Numbers for Minors

The saturation number $\text{sat}(n,\mathcal{F})$ is the minimum number of edges in any graph which does not contain a member of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph, but will if any edge is added. We give a few upper and lower bounds for saturation numbers for minors. In particular, we shall show that certain Generalized Petersen Graphs are $K^r$-minor saturated for $6\le r\le 8$.
A new insight into role of phosphoketolase pathway in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Phosphoketolase (PKET) pathway is predominant in cyanobacteria (around 98%) but current opinion is that it is virtually inactive under autotrophic ambient CO2 condition (AC-auto). This creates an evolutionary paradox due to the existence of PKET pathway in obligatory photoautotrophs. We aim to answer the paradox with the aid of bioinformatic analysis along with metabolic, transcriptomic, fluxomic and mutant data integrated into a multi-level kinetic model. We discussed the problems linked to neglected isozyme, pket2 (sll0529) and inconsistencies towards the explanation of residual flux via PKET pathway in the case of silenced pket1 (slr0453) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our in silico analysis showed: (1) 17% flux reduction via RuBisCO for Δpket1 under AC-auto, (2) 11.2-14.3% growth decrease for Δpket2 in turbulent AC-auto, and (3) flux via PKET pathway reaching up to 252% of the flux via phosphoglycerate mutase under AC-auto. All results imply that PKET pathway plays a crucial role under AC-auto by mitigating the decarboxylation occurring in OPP pathway and conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA linked to EMP glycolysis under the carbon scarce environment. Finally, our model predicted that PKETs have low affinity to S7P as a substrate.
A Theory of Narrow Thinking

Unlike in standard models, decision makers often narrowly bracket and make each decision in isolation. I develop a new approach, which I term narrow thinking, to systematically model narrow bracketing. The definition of narrow thinking is that different decisions are based on different, non-nested, information. As a result, the narrow thinker makes each decision with imperfect knowledge of other decisions and faces difficulties coordinating her multiple decisions. The narrow thinker effectively cares less about her other decisions when making each decision. The main application of narrow thinking is to provide a smooth model of mental accounting without requiring the decision maker to have explicit budgets. My approach generates unique predictions about how the degree of mental accounting depends on expenditure shares and cognitive limitations. It also illustrates how narrow bracketing and mental accounting can be explained by the same underlying friction.
A protein sandwich enables real-time in vivo biomarker measurement

Biosensors allow rapid, accurate, continuous measurement of glucose and insulin in live rats.
Quinolones and Eukaryotic Topoisomerases

This chapter reviews the literature with respect to the reported effects of quinolones on topoisomerase II in vitro and considers those reports relevant to the effects of quinolones on whole cells. The initial part of the chapter describes in more detail some of the enzymatic properties of topoisomerase II and the consequences to the cell of the actions of drugs that are known to target this important enzyme. Topoisomerase II alters the topological state of nucleic acids by passing an intact helix of DNA through a transient break that it generates in a separate helix. As a consequence of its double-stranded DNA passage reaction, the enzyme can relax from supercoiled DNA as well as knot-unknot or catenate-decatenate double stranded nucleic acids. A limited number of studies that evaluate the interactions of quinolones with eukaryotic topoisomerase I are available. Quinolones have been shown to be less inhibitory for Escherichia coli topoisomerase I than for DNA gyrase. In one study, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin at concentrations of up to 1,000 μg/ml showed no inhibitory activity against calf thymus nuclear topoisomerase I relaxation activity. Evidence that quinolones and antitumor inhibitors of topoisomerase II show both a common inhibitor-binding site and a common mechanism of action (i.e., increase in levels of enzyme-DNA cleavage complexes) comes from studies using mutants of the T4 phage enzyme. Quinolones such as CP-67,015, CP-115,953, A-65281, A-65282, and WIN 58161 are clearly different from quinolones developed so far for clinical use with respect to their potency against topoisomerase II.
Carfilzomib for the treatment of patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma

Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds to its target, resulting in sustained proteasomal inhibition with minimal off-target effects. As a single agent, carfilzomib has demonstrated durable antimyeloma activity with manageable toxicities, which has resulted in its approval in Argentina, Israel, Mexico and the USA for the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Data from ongoing Phase III studies that are evaluating carfilzomib in earlier lines of therapy may facilitate an expanded indication for this agent, as well as for regulatory approval in the EU. This article summarizes the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and available clinical data for carfilzomib in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.
Real time estimator for control of an orbiting single tether system

A real-time estimator is developed for the control of the Tether Dynamics Explorer (TDE) system. TDE is being used in a series of tethered satellite flight experiments whose purpose is to validate existing system models and test proposed control laws. Each experiment consists of an orbiting Delta II second stage which deploys toward the Earth a small box-shaped passive endbody at the end of a flexible tether. A discrete extended Kalman filter (DEKF) is presented which can operate in real time and in conjunction with control laws. This filter estimates the in-plane and out-of-plane tether libration angles and their rates from a proposed three-axis tether tension measurement device in the Delta second stage. The simulation results indicate that the DEKF can estimate the libration angle and their rates from a three-axis tension and length measurement with an acceptable error. The relatively simple computations required make this algorithm particularly well suited for real-time operation. >
Electrophoretic Study of the Interaction of Radioactive Poliovirus with Components of Cultured Cells.

Thorne, H. V. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Electrophoretic study of the interaction of radioactive poliovirus with components of cultured cells. J. Bacteriol. 85:1247-1255. 1963.-The interaction of P(32)-labeled poliovirus with the postnuclear fraction of HeLa cell homogenates was first examined using radioactivity to quantitate the reaction. The effects of virus and debris concentration, suspending medium, temperature, and time on the reaction were determined. Binding was independent of salt concentration up to 1.0 m and unaffected by calcium and magnesium ions at 10(-3)m. The postnuclear particulate components of homogenates of mammalian cells in culture were examined by sucrose gradient zone electrophoresis at pH 7.2 with a simple apparatus which permitted several simultaneous analyses. The distributions of components for different cell types were distinct and appeared to be influenced by conditions of culture. Addition of radioactive poliovirus to the homogenate before analysis was used to identify components with virus-binding activity. Activity of HeLa and human esophageal epithelium cell homogenates was found mainly in membranous fractions of relatively low electrophoretic mobility. Components with a broader spread of mobility were moderately active in cultured human amnion, but uncultured amnion had almost undetectable virus-binding activity and a distinct distribution of components. Rat heart cells and L cells did not bind poliovirus, but binding components were present in both ERK-1 and CRE rabbit lines.
Risk factors for potentially avoidable readmissions due to end-of-life care issues.

BACKGROUND Repeated hospitalizations are frequent toward the end of life, where each admission should be an opportunity to initiate advance-care planning to high-risk patients. OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors for having a 30-day potentially avoidable readmission due to end-of-life care issues among all medical patients. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING/PATIENTS All 10,275 consecutive discharges from any medical service of an academic tertiary medical center in Boston, Massachusetts between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. MEASUREMENTS A random sample of all the potentially avoidable 30-day readmissions was independently reviewed by 9 trained physicians to identify the ones due to end-of-life issues. RESULTS Among 534, 30-day potentially avoidable readmission cases reviewed, 80 (15%) were due to an end-of-life care issue. In multivariable analysis, the following risk factors were significantly associated with a 30-day potentially avoidable readmission due to end-of-life care issues: number of admissions in the previous 12 months (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10 per admission, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.20), neoplasm (OR: 5.60, 95% CI: 2.85-10.98), opiate medications at discharge (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.29-4.07), Elixhauser comorbidity index (OR: 1.16 per 5-point increase, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22). The discrimination of the model (C statistic) was 0.85. CONCLUSIONS In a medical population, we identified 4 main risk factors that were significantly associated with 30-day potentially avoidable readmission due to end-of-life care issues, producing a model with very good to excellent discrimination. Patients with these risk factors might benefit from palliative care consultation prior to discharge in order to improve end-of-life care and possibly reduce unnecessary rehospitalizations.
Long-Term Preservation of Bordetella pertussis

Viability of Bordetella pertussis was preserved when glycerol broth suspensions were quick frozen and stored at -70 C for as long as 45 months.
Michelle Obama and the black female Diaspora : the most influential black woman in history?

This paper claims that just as President Barack Obama is the most known male member of the Black World in the 21st century, so also his wife First Lady Michelle Obama is the most known female member of this racial group. Also, just as President Obama is the most powerful Black leader in history, so also First Lady Obama is the most influential Black female in history. The paper argues that Both President Obama and First Lady Obama are keeping their 2008 campaign promises to the youth who gave them a very high share of their votes both in the 2008 Presidential Primaries and Caucuses and the Presidential Election, including 17-year-olds leading the way in the 2008 Iowa Caucuses, where they earned their first big win. The paper argues that the Obamas have formed a positive bond with their young supporters and that the current domestic and foreign policies of the U.S. are directly benefiting these young Americans. Finally, the paper claims that through the current domestic and foreign policies of the U.S., both President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama are contributing in uniting the people of the U.S. and also contributing in uniting the people of the U.S. and the people of the world.
An Ecology of Embodied Interaction: Pedagogy and homo virtualis

Editors’ Corner An Ecology of Embodied Interaction: Pedagogy and homo virtualis By Leslie Jarmon, University of Texas at Austin
Viral hemorrhagic fevers of South America

This paper reviews the epidemiology and distinguishing features of three viral hemorrhagic fevers (dengue hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever and arenaviral hemorrhagic fever) that have emerged as important public health problems in South America. Although the etiology, natural history and control of the three diseases are different, their clinical manifestations and histopathology findings are similar and can be difficult to differentiate. Consequently, early recognition and correct diagnosis are essential for effective control measures to be initiated.
A ground truth based comparative study on detecting epistatic SNPs

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely applied to identify informative SNPs associated with common and complex diseases. Besides single-SNP analysis, the interaction between SNPs is believed to play an important role in disease risk due to the complex networking of genetic regulations. While many approaches have been proposed for detecting SNP interactions, the relative performance and merits of these methods in practice are largely unclear. In this paper, a ground-truth based comparative study is reported involving 9 popular SNP detection methods using realistic simulation datasets. The results provide general characteristics and guidelines on these methods that may be informative to the biological investigators.
Repair of Ultraviolet-Irradiated Transforming Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Haemophilus influenzae

Ultraviolet-sensitive and wild-type Haemophilus influenzae cells were exposed to irradiated and unirradiated transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing a marker which can be linked to another marker in the cells. Lysates were made after various times of incubation and assayed for transforming activity on an excisionless recipient. Repair can be noted as an increase in activity from the irradiated donor DNA after its linkage to the recipient DNA. No repair can be observed in a mutant which is unable to integrate transforming DNA. There is a little repair in another mutant which is unable to excise pyrimidine dimers. H. influenzae cells also repair nondimer damage, as judged by the increase in activity observed in lysates made with irradiated and maximally photoreactivated DNA.
Image guided radiation therapy may result in improved local control in locally advanced lung cancer patients.

Abstract Purpose Image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is designed to ensure accurate and precise targeting, but whether improved clinical outcomes result is unknown. Methods and materials A retrospective comparison of locally advanced lung cancer patients treated with and without IGRT from 2001 to 2012 was conducted. Median local failure-free survival (LFFS), regional, locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS), distant failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were estimated. Univariate and multivariate models assessed the association between patient- and treatment-related covariates and local failure. Results A total of 169 patients were treated with definitive radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy with a median follow-up of 48 months in the IGRT cohort and 96 months in the non-IGRT cohort. IGRT was used in 36% (62 patients) of patients. OS was similar between cohorts (2-year OS, 47% vs 49%, P = .63). The IGRT cohort had improved 2-year LFFS (80% vs 64%, P = .013) and LRFFS (75% and 62%, P = .04). Univariate analysis revealed IGRT and treatment year improved LFFS, whereas group stage, dose, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography planning had no impact. IGRT remained significant in the multivariate model with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.40 ( P = .01). Distant failure-free survival (58% vs 59%, P = .67) did not differ significantly. Conclusion IGRT with daily cone beam computed tomography confers an improvement in the therapeutic ratio relative to patients treated without this technology.
Sarah Nilsen and Sarah E. Turner (Eds.), The Colorblind Screen: Television in Post-Racial America

Sarah Nilsen and Sarah Turner’s edited volume, The Colorblind Screen: Television in Post-Racial America, considers how American politics of multiculturalism, along with colorblind racism, contribute to a unique atmosphere in television where race is briefly taken into account in celebration of diversity, but then immediately dismissed as inconsequential. This volume adds a new dimension to recent works on television that highlight the various ways the medium has evolved, transitioned, or transformed over the last three decades (see Lotz, 2007; Spigel & Olsson, 2004). These studies document the changes in television as a result of deregulation, media convergence, changes in programming, the introduction of new technologies, shifts in audiences’ viewing habits, and so on. While recognizing the valuable contributions such works make to the field of media studies, I think it is wise to examine what is meant by “change,” “transformation,” and “evolution” with respect to contemporary television. In discussions about how television has changed, there is a failure to account for the ways the medium has, when it comes to representations of racial difference, perpetuated an illusion of progress. Put simply, notions of television’s evolution are complicated by the medium’s racial paradox: At this moment in the 21st century, racial politics on television appear to be both progressive and regressive. Nilsen and Turner address this paradox in their collection of essays.
Spectroscopy and scintillation mechanism in LuAlO3:Ce

Abstract The present status of the LuAlO 3 :Ce scintillator is reviewed. Scintillation mechanism of this material is based on recombination of mobile holes and electrons via Ce 3+ ions. VUV excitation spectra and emission decays are presented in support of this mechanism.
Female control of reproductive skew in cooperatively breeding brown jays ( Cyanocorax morio )

Brown jays (Cyanocorax morio) are long-lived, social corvids that live in large, stable, territorial groups (mean = 10 individuals). In this study, I determined the distribution of reproductive success within groups using multi-locus DNA fingerprinting. Breeding females produced virtually all (99%) of the young within their own nests. Reproduction within groups was highly skewed towards a single primary female, although long term data indicate that secondary females (female breeders that were usually younger and subordinate to the primary female) were sometimes successful. The high reproductive skew observed for females was associated with primary female aggression. Successful reproduction by secondary females may have been due to parental facilitation or the inability of primary females to completely suppress secondary females. Multiple paternity occurred in 31–43% of broods and extra-group paternity occurred in a minimum of 22% of broods. Patterns of paternity also varied between years, since females often switched or included new genetic mates. Although male consorts of nesting females fathered relatively few offspring (20%), they still had a higher chance of fathering offspring than any other single group male. Reproduction was less skewed for males than females as a result of female mating patterns. Female reproductive patterns are consistent with some of the predictions and assumptions from optimal skew models, while male reproductive patterns are not. The factors affecting skew in species with complex social systems such as incomplete control by breeders over subordinate reproduction, female control of paternity, and resource inheritance have not been well incorporated into reproductive skew models.