cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-ray structure and variable temperature NMR spectra of [meso-triarylcorrolato]copper(III).

The diamagnetic square planar d8 complexes [meso-arylcorrolato]copper(III) become paramagnetic upon warming, indicative of the equilibrium between the [corrolato]copper(III) and the [corrolato]+• copper(II) forms of the complex. [meso-Triphenylcorrolato]copper(III) was structurally characterized and found to be saddled.
Simulation and display prototyping in the design of man-machine systems

The effective utilization of systems involving human decision makers depends critically upon the design of the interfaces at which man and machine communicate and at which information is displayed in support of human decision-making processes. This paper describes a design methodology and a supporting set of tools that allow information displays to be rapidly and economically conceived, designed, and evaluated within the context of the overall man-machine system prior to actual system implementation. Simulation and display prototyping are the key elements in this methodology. Results from extensive application of the design approach during the development of numerous complex man-machine systems are described in detail.
The effect of compression duration on hemodynamics during mechanical high-impulse CPR.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether shorter compression durations combined with fixed increased compression velocity during mechanical high-impulse CPR (HI-CPR) improve resuscitation hemodynamics, compared with mechanical standard CPR (SCPR). METHODS A porcine model of ventricular fibrillation was used, with each animal serving as its own control. Twelve anesthetized swine (20-25 kg each) were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and followed, after 3 minutes, by mechanical SCPR (50% duty cycle) for 10 minutes. Mechanical HI-CPR was then applied, with compression durations varied randomly at 2-minute intervals for 20% (COM20), 30% (COM30), and 40% (COM40) of the CPR cycle. A 2-minute mechanical SCPR control phase completed the experiment. RESULTS Hemodynamic measurements were significantly better for COM20 and COM30 vs SCPR, including, respectively: mean arterial pressure (MAP), 45 +/- 8 and 43 +/- 7 vs 36 +/- 7 torr; coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), 21 +/- 6 and 21 +/- 8 vs 16 +/- 6 torr; and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), 7 +/- 2 and 6.6 +/- 2 vs 5 +/- 1.4 torr. MAP, CPP, and ETCO2 during COM40 were not significantly different from those during SCPR, and there was no difference between COM20 and COM30 for any hemodynamic parameter. Aortic flow velocity was significantly better in COM20, COM30, and COM40 vs SCPR: 2.3 +/- 0.7, 2.1 +/- 0.9, and 1.95 +/- 0.9 vs 1.3 +/- 0.5 cm/sec, respectively. CONCLUSION In a swine model of mechanical HI-CPR, shorter compression durations combined with fixed increased compression velocity significantly improve resuscitation hemodynamics, compared with those afforded by mechanical SCPR.
Editorial message: special track on artificial intelligence, computational logic and image analysis

This special track on Artificial Intelligence, Computational Logic and Image Analysis for SAC '05 is a forum for engineers, researchers and practitioners throughout the world to share technical ideas and experiences relating to implementation and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The crowning achievement of AI was evidenced in May 1997, when the program Deep Blue defeated Mr. Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion. Deep Blues, like the majority of efforts in AI, simulate symptoms of intelligent behavior as observed in humans.
Radiographic Changes in Acute Exacerbations of Cystic Fibrosis in Adults: A Pilot Study

We set out to determine whether specific findings can be seen on chest radiographs of adult patients with cystic fibrosis who are having acute exacerbation of respiratory disease.Over a 2-year period, 22 adults with cystic fibrosis had both a baseline chest radiograph and a radiograph obtained either because of acute exacerbation or for some other reason (nonexacerbation). Fourteen radiographic features, including mucous plugs, air-space disease, peribronchial thickening, bronchiectasis, fluid levels, and lymphadenopathy, were scored retrospectively by two radiologists, who did not have knowledge of the patient's clinical condition, as being present, absent, increased, decreased, or unchanged. An overall assessment (better, worse, or no change) was also given for each radiograph. Data were analyzed in two ways (per individual episode and per individual patient) by using contingency tables, with statistical significance determined by exact permutation testing.Of the 22 patients, 13 had 29 exacerbations and...
Beam buncher for heavy ions

Abstract An ion beam buncher has been developed for efficient pulsing of heavy ions into a tandem accelerator. The buncher consists of a single acceleration gap, with aligned grids, which is excited by an rf voltage with a sawtooth waveform. The sawtooth is generated by combining an rf sine wave with its first three higher harmonics. The amplitudes of the second, fourth and sixth harmonics induced by the pulsed beam in a resonant cavity provide an immediate indication of the pulse width. Time-of-flight measurements yielded pulses 0.6 and 0.9 ns wide (fwhm) for 1 H and 12 C beams, respectively, with over 75% of the dc beam compressed into the pulses.
Formation of O adatom pairs and charge transfer upon O2 dissociation on reduced TiO2(110)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory have been used to investigate the details of O2 dissociation leading to the formation of oxygen adatom (Oa) pairs at terminal Ti sites. An intermediate, metastable Oa–Oa configuration with two nearest-neighbor O atoms is observed after O2 dissociation at 300 K. The nearest-neighbor Oa pairs are destabilized by Coulomb repulsion of charged Oa's and separate further along the Ti row into energetically more favorable second-nearest neighbor configuration. The potential energy profile calculated for O2 dissociation on Ti rows and following Oa's separation strongly supports the experimental observations. Furthermore, our results suggest that the itinerant electrons associated with the O vacancies (VO) are being utilized in the O2 dissociation process at the Ti row. Experimentally this is supported by the observation that not all VO's can be healed by O2 exposure at 300 K, as some VO's becoming less reactive due to supplying certain charge to Oa's. Further, theoretical results show that at least two oxygen vacancies per O2 molecule are required in order for the O2 dissociation at the Ti row to become viable.
Learning effects among perimetric novices in frequency doubling technology perimetry.

Abstract Purpose To investigate learning effects, including improvements in reliability indices, in frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in subjects without glaucoma who have not undergone previous automated perimetry. Design Prospective consecutive case series. Participants Eighty-one normal subjects. Methods Normal subjects were recruited from the University of Washington Eye Clinic who had no history of automated visual field testing. All eyes underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The C-20-5 screening mode of FDT perimetry (Zeiss-Humphrey, San Leandro, CA) was performed after appropriate instruction, including a demonstration of the frequency doubling phenomenon. If any abnormal areas were identified or there were greater than 33% fixation losses or false-positive results, then the test was readministered up to three times or until a normal result was returned. Main outcome measures Normal FDT test. Results The mean age was 54.8 years (range, 19–94). Sixty-nine subjects (85.2%) returned a normal test after a single test administration. Nine subjects (11.1%) required two administrations, and two subjects (2.5%) required three or more administrations to return a normal test. One subject still tested unreliably after four tests. The number or severity of abnormal locations did not predict the number of trials necessary to overcome learning effects. Fixation loss was the most common reliability problem. Subjects who demonstrated learning effects did not differ significantly in age, visual acuity, refraction, or test time from those who did not. Conclusions Some perimetric novices demonstrate learning effects in C-20-5 screening-mode FDT perimetry. Learning effects in FDT perimetry must be considered during screening for glaucoma or other ocular disease.
USE OF LOCAL SIMILARITY CONCEPTS IN HYPERSONIC VISCOUS INTERACTION PROBLEMS

The problem of predicting the characteristics of a hypersonic laminar boundary layer that interacts with the external flow field is approached using the tangent wedge formulation for the inviscid flow field and the method of similar solutions for the viscous flow. It is shown that the concept of local similarity which allows the pressure gradient parameter ft to vary in the streamwise direction leads to an explicit relation between the viscous and inviscid flows for all values of the hypersonic interaction parameter %«,. The conditions of "strong" and "weak" interaction appear as asymptotic limits of the general relations. The present theory is compared with three independent experimental investigations. In each case, the agreement is found to be excellent over the range of %oo investigated. It is shown, using asymptotic solutions to the exact boundary layer equations, that the present theory is applicable to a wide variety of viscous interaction problems. A large number of solutions to the laminar boundary layer similarity equations for a perfect gas with cross flow and surface mass transfer are given. These numerical results, when combined with the solutions of previous authors, are sufficient to describe the range of conditions 0 < 1, with high precision.
Control of Complete Heart Block by Use of an Artificial Pacemaker and a Myocardial Electrode

The combined use of an artificial pacemaker and the insertion of a myocardial electrode has been described and demonstrated to be an effective method of controlling the heart rate at low voltages and low current amplitudes when complete heart block is present. The cardiac output and mean aortic pressures of dogs have been restored to preblock levels throngh the application of electric stimuli applied directly to the myocardium. No complications from insertion of removal of the wire in the heart wall were observed. The heart rates of 18 patients with surgically induced complete atrioventricular dissociation have been successfully managed by the method described with an important reduction in the mortality associated with this complication of open heart surgery.
Between the Acts: A Modernist Meditation on Language, Origin Narratives, and Art's Efficacy on the Cusp of the Apocalypse

Virginia Woolf 's final novel, Between the Acts ([1941] 2008. New York: Harcourt.), is precariously situated in both literary and temporal terms. Written during modernism's eclipse and at the outset of World War II, the first conflict that threatened to annihilate humanity through the deployment of atomic weaponry,Woolf 's text seems to anticipate what would later be recognized in terms of postmodern preoccupation with metanarrative. The contingent nature of life is encapsulated in the novel's fragmentary language, and through addressing multiple genres simultaneously, the text probes the past in an attempt to comprehend a terrifying present, and to prognosticate about humanity's capacity to endure in an uncertain future. Scientific developments from Charles Darwin onwards invite particular scrutiny in Woolf 's text, which suggests that art may imbue humans with values that foster compassion for others, supplanting organized religions that seem to have failed in this respect. The fact that it is a female ...
SAR target detection by fusion of CFAR, variance, and fractal statistics

Two texture-based and one amplitude-based features are evaluated as detection statistics for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The statistics include a local variance, an extended fractal, and a two-parameter CFAR feature. The paper compares the effectiveness of focus of attention (FOA) algorithms that consist of any number of combinations of the three statistics. The public MSTAR database is used to derive receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curves for the different detectors at various signal-to-clutter rations (SCR). The database contains one foot resolution X-band SAR imagery. The results in the paper indicate that the extended fractal statistic provides the best target/clutter discrimination, and the variance statistic is the most robust against SCR. In fact, the extended fractal statistic combines the intensity difference information used also by the CFAR feature with the spatial extent of the higher intensity pixels to generate an attractive detection statistics.
Modification of the erythrocyte membrane by sulfhydryl group reagents.

In this study, the consequences of modification of human erythrocyte membrane sulfhydryl groups by N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), 5,5′dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) andp-hydroxymercuriphenyl sulfonate (PHMPS) were investigated. These reagents differ in chemical reactivity, membrane penetrability and charge characteristics.
The grain boundary geometry for optimum resistance to growth of short fatigue cracks in high strength Al-alloys

Abstract In this paper, recent work on the effects of micro-texture on the growth behavior of short fatigue cracks in high strength aluminum alloys (such as Al-Li 8090 alloys and AA 2026 Al alloys) was first reviewed. The twist and tilt angles of crack plane deflection at a grain boundary were identified as the key factors that controlled the growth of a short fatigue crack across the grain boundary in these alloys. A large twist angle of the crack plane deflection at the grain boundary gave rise to a higher resistance to crack growth across the grain boundary, while a small twist angle represented a smaller resistance. The possible smallest twist angle of crack deflection at a boundary between a grain with a typical orientation (such as brass and goss orientations) and a randomly orientated grain was calculated and mapped in Euler space. The orientation of the neighboring grain that showed high resistance to crack growth was identified as a peak in these twist angle plots. The theoretical results were consistent with the results obtained from studies of short crack growth in AA 8090 and AA 2026 Al alloys. The results from this work paved the way to quantification of the texture effects on early growth of fatigue cracks in planar slip alloys.
Put Some Movie Wow! in Your Chemistry Teaching.

Movies and movie clips have been used by many instructors to teach chemistry. Entire movies based on true chemical stories are used because they provide students with a common experience after which instructors can launch writing lessons about the chemistry, the scientists, or engineers, or even postscripts to the story presented in the film. In contrast, movie clips are used to animate a chemical topic during lecture in a way that grabs student attention. This gives students a strong anchor upon which they can contextualize the rest of the lesson. To find the most pedagogically useful clips, we formulated a hypothesis that clips with popular actors, incredible sets, memorable dialog, and special chemical effects would be the most useful for instruction because they would have the strongest anchoring capacity. That is, clips with more Wow! should be more useful for teaching and learning. The results of our study establish a set of criteria for choosing clips from feature films that chemistry instructors c...
Frequency-domain phase fluorometry in the presence of dark states: A numerical study

Fluorescence anomalous phase advance (FAPA) is a newly discovered spectroscopy phenomenon: instead of lagging behind the modulated light, fluorescence signal can exhibit FAPA as if it precedes the excitation source in time. While FAPA offers a promising technique for probing dark state lifetime, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. Herein we investigate frequency-domain phase fluorometry as a result of intricate interplay between a short-lived fluorescent state and a long-lived dark state. In particular, the quantitative dependence on modulation frequency, excitation intensity, nonradiative decay, intersystem crossing and dark-state lifetime are explored respectively. A comprehensive view of phase fluorometry emerges consequently.
Over-Expression of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MGL) in Small Intestine Alters Endocannabinoid Levels and Whole Body Energy Balance, Resulting in Obesity

The function of small intestinal monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is unknown. Its expression in this tissue is surprising because one of the primary functions of the small intestine is to convert diet-derived MGs to triacylglycerol (TG), and not to degrade them. To elucidate the function of intestinal MGL, we generated transgenic mice that over-express MGL specifically in small intestine (iMGL mice). After only 3 weeks of high fat feeding, iMGL mice showed an obese phenotype; body weight gain and body fat mass were markedly higher in iMGL mice, along with increased hepatic and plasma TG levels compared to wild type littermates. The iMGL mice were hyperphagic and displayed reduced energy expenditure despite unchanged lean body mass, suggesting that the increased adiposity was due to both increased caloric intake and systemic effects resulting in a hypometabolic rate. The presence of the transgene resulted in lower levels of most MG species in intestinal mucosa, including the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). The results therefore suggest a role for intestinal MGL, and intestinal 2-AG and perhaps other MG species, in whole body energy balance via regulation of food intake as well as metabolic rate.
Axial Intensity Distribution Analysis of the Human Retina with a Confocal Scanning Laser Tomograph

We have analysed the change of reflected light intensity along the optical axis or axial intensity distribution in images acquired with a confocal scanning laser tomographic system in human fundus examination. We hypothesized that confocal light detection units used in scanning laser tomographs register light originating from multiple layers within the human macula and that intraretinal structures might also be observable. To test this hypothesis we examined the axial intensity distribution in human maculas of normal volunteers, patients with cystic and other macular abnormalities and in an artificial retina in a plastic eye model. A total of over 140 patients and volunteers were examined. We analysed this distribution in 20 normal healthy volunteer eyes found the origin of the artifacts that cause retinal vessels to appear elevated. We examined four patients with cystic maculas and were able to detect the presence of two structures in axial direction contributing to the axial intensity distribution. A plastic eye model with a cellophane sheet covering a fluid pocket was developed to mimic the appearance of a large macular cyst. The axial intensity distribution analysis showed the presence of two distinct gaussian profiles. The results of this study show that confocal scanning laser tomographic imaging of the human fundus allows extraction of information regarding the axial position of intraretinal layers and that correction for the deeper retinal reflections may allow more precision in imaging of the retinal surface.
Analysis of diffusion delay in a layered medium. Application to heat measurements from muscle

An analysis is presented of diffusional delays in one-dimensional heat flow through a medium consisting of several layers of different materials. The model specifically addresses the measurement of heat production by muscle, but diffusion of solute or conduction of charge through a layered medium will obey the same equations. The model consists of a semi-infinite medium, the muscle, in which heat production is spacially uniform but time varying. The heat diffuses through layers of solution and insulation to the center of the thermal element where heat flow is zero. Using Laplace transforms, transfer functions are derived for the temperature change in the center of the thermopile as a function of the temperature at any interface between differing materials or as a function of heat production in the muscle. From these transfer functions, approximate analytical expressions are derived for the time constants which scale the early and late changes in the central temperature. We find that the earliest temperature changes are limited by the diffusivities of the materials, whereas the approach to steady state depends on the total heat capacity of the system and the diffusivity of muscle. Hill (1937) analyzed a similar geometry by modeling the layered medium as a homogeneous system with an equivalent half thickness. We show that his analysis was accurate for the materials in his system. In general, however, and specifically with regard to modern thermopiles, a homogeneous approximation will lead to significant errors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using the Classroom Check-Up model to support implementation of PATHS to PAX

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of adapting the Classroom Check-Up (CCU) coaching model to bolster teacher implementation of a universal evidence-based social–emotional and classroom management intervention, PATHS to PAX. This paper includes a description of the intervention and a rationale for supporting implementation with the CCU coaching model. Findings from a feasibility test and initial pilot study are provided. Implications for school-based intervention implementation are also discussed.
Contributions to Taxonomy of Insects.

The science of insect taxonomy-in America may be said to have had its beginnings with the work of Thomas Say, who published his first paper on entomology in 1817 in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, entitled “Description of Several New Species of North American Insects.” While this paper may be looked upon as the beginning of insect taxonomy in America, there is at least one earlier paper which must be classified as a contribution to taxonomy, that of F. V. Melsheimer, in 1806, “A Catalogue of the Insects of Pennsylvania.” This work cannot be regarded as contributing much of scientific value, but is of interest from an historical standpoint since it represents one of the first attempts to understand our American insect fauna. It is said to contain the oldest description, published in America, of a Coleopterous larva. Thomas Say's most ambitious attempt in the realm of taxonomy was the publication of his “American Entomology,” the purpose of which was “to exemplify the genera and species of the insects of the United States by means of colored engravings.” The work advanced to the third volume, including fifty-four colored plates, and was then discontinued. Say had moved to Indiana before the publication of the third volume and after the latter was published the work was discontinued either because of the difficulty in conferring with him, or because of lack of public patronage, or perhaps both. Judged by its purpose and contents Say's “American Entomology” compares very favorably with similar works published in other countries at that period. Contributions to the science of entomology were not numerous in the United States prior to 1860. Some of the earlier workers contemporaneous with Say were Thaddeus William Harris, John Eatton LeConte and Titian R. Peale, while during the latter part of the period John L. LeConte, S. S. Haldeman and F. E. Melsheimer were making contributions.
Mathematical behavior of the population balance of a MSMPRC with agglomeration, feed and size-dependent growth rate

Abstract An investigation of the behavior of the crystal size distribution (CSD) in an MSMPRC with agglomeration is presented. The CSD of the size-dependent linear growth rate model is compared with that of the size-independent growth rate model. We have also investigated the behavior of the CSD of an MSMPRC with agglomeration and crystal feed. In both cases, we have shown that the behavior of the CSD depended on the choice of the parameters, and that the moments of the CSD converged.
Addressing psychosocial needs of partners of breast cancer patients: a pilot program using social workers to improve communication and psychosocial support

Introduction Psychosocial (PsySoc) distress in caregivers is a well-described entity, with some caregivers experiencing more distress than patients themselves. The American College of Surgeons’ Commission on Cancer mandates that psychosocial services be provided to all cancer patients and their caregivers, through the entire continuum of cancer care.
Wind integration and the evolution of power system control

Effective integration of wind in power-system operations requires a comprehensive approach to data management and decision making. The variability and uncertainty of wind power will require increased flexibility from other power-system resources, and the adaptation of business processes and control systems that manage these resources. Efficient use of grid resources to maintain reliability and minimize costs argues for both tighter integration of systems and, at the same time, an open infrastructure that can take advantage of evolving tools and grid devices. This paper discusses the challenges that wind power integration poses for traditional control system designs, and identifies components that support effective use of wind forecasts.
Suggestions to Students of German to be Transmitted through their Teachers

Author's Summary— The student beginning to read German should be impressed with the primary importance of the position and agreement of the inflected verb and whatever completes it, in question-and-answer work with the primary importance of the question itself and all its provides for the answer-form.
Development and optimization of a line-scanned dual-axis confocal (LS-DAC) microscope for high-speed pathology

We have developed a line-scanned dual-axis confocal (LS-DAC) microscope with subcellular resolution suitable for real time diagnostic imaging at shallow depths. This design serves as a benchtop prototype for a handheld version of the LS-DAC intended for rapid point-of-care pathology. We have assessed the performance trade-offs between the LS-DAC and a point-scanned dual-axis confocal (PS-DAC) microscope via diffraction-theory analysis, Monte-Carlo simulations, and characterization experiments with phantoms and fresh tissues. In addition, we are exploring the use of a sCMOS detector array and rapid 3D deconvolution to improve the sensitivity and resolution of our LS-DAC microscope.
The GGAs Promote ARF-Dependent Recruitment of Clathrin to the TGN

The GGAs constitute a family of modular adaptor-related proteins that bind ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and localize to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) via their GAT domains. Here, we show that binding of the GAT domain stabilizes membrane-bound ARF1.GTP due to interference with the action of GTPase-activating proteins. We also show that the hinge and ear domains of the GGAs interact with clathrin in vitro, and that the GGAs promote recruitment of clathrin to liposomes in vitro and to TGN membranes in vivo. These observations suggest that the GGAs could function to link clathrin to membrane-bound ARF.GTP.
Formation of common investment networks by project establishment between agents

We present an investment model integrated with trust and reputation mechanisms where agents interact with each other to establish investment projects. We investigate the establishment of investment projects, the influence of the interaction between agents in the evolution of the distribution of wealth as well as the formation of common investment networks and some of their properties. Simulation results show that the wealth distribution presents a power law in its tail. Also, it is shown that the trust and reputation mechanism proposed leads to the establishment of networks among agents, presenting some of the typical characteristics of real-life networks like a high clustering coefficient and short average path length.
Kartagener's Syndrome*

Clinical observations of 19 patients with Kartagener's syndrome seen during the past 25 years support the concept of congenital functional or anatomic defects in the mucociliary epithelium and its supporting structures. The case of a woman with this syndrome, who is alive at the age of 72 years, is detailed to suggest that, with reasonable medical supervision, the syndrome is compatible with a full life span.
Female reproductive strategies in orangutans, evidence for female choice and counterstrategies to infanticide in a species with frequent sexual coercion

Intersexual conflicts over mating can engender antagonistic coevolution of strategies, such as coercion by males and selective resistance by females. Orangutans are exceptional among mammals for their high levels of forced copulation. This has typically been viewed as an alternative mating tactic used by the competitively disadvantaged unflanged male morph, with little understanding of how female strategies may have shaped and responded to this behaviour. Here, we show that male morph is not by itself a good predictor of mating dynamics in wild Bornean orangutans but that female conception risk mediated the occurrence and quality of male–female interactions. Near ovulation, females mated cooperatively only with prime flanged males who they encountered at higher rates. When conception risk was low, willingness to associate and mate with non-prime males increased. Our results support the hypothesis that, together with concealed ovulation, facultative association is a mechanism of female choice in a species in which females can rarely avoid coercive mating attempts. Female resistance, which reduced copulation time, may provide an additional mechanism for mate selection. However, coercive factors were also important as prime males were frequently aggressive to females and females used mating strategies consistent with infanticide avoidance.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption using a fast-atom bombardment ion source and a magnetic mass spectrometer.

A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer Laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+=m/z 12360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to prodluce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, lthe advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and bydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of spedrm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
Pathways toward improving teaching and learning in higher education: International context and background

People are drawn to the field of improving teaching and learning in higher education from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds, but before we look at these “pathways,” we need to delve into the history, international variations, and similarities of the field of faculty/educational/academic development to provide a context for what has happened to make this field important to the vitality of teaching and learning in higher education all over the world.
P-N-Π-N Triode Switching Applications

The characteristics and switching applications of a developmental diffused silicon p-n-π-n triode are discussed. Although this unit is at present in a two-watt package, it is capable of handling short pulses of current of the order of 100 amperes. The electrical characteristics which consist of a low and high conductivity region (over 500 megohms and less than 1 ohm respectively), with an intermediate negative resistance region, are controllable by the base lead, and hence make it a flexible device for applications in the computer and communications fields. The theoretical and practical limitations are discussed. Experimental data covering current handling capabilities, frequency limitations and switching times are presented in conjunction with representative circuits. Two particular circuits discussed are an 80-ampere 500-mμsec pulse generator with rise and fall times in the order of 150 mμsec and 300 mμsec respectively, that can operate up to a kilocycle repetition rate, and a 4-ampere 60-mμsec pulse generator with a PRF of 100 kc. Other examples described include monostable, bistable, and astable circuits, as well as types of communication circuitry for a wide range of currents.
Photonic crystal microcavity lasers

Photonic crystal lasers will be discussed with particular emphasis on devices capable of room temperature CW operation and devices with quantum dot active regions. CW lasers have -3 dB modulation bandwidths over 10 GHz with approximately 30 dB of side mode suppression. An analysis of the modulation response and the linewidth of microcavity lasers suggests that gain nonlinearities and microcavity effects may be playing an important role in these device characteristics. The photonic crystal lasers with quantum dot active regions have absorbed powers at threshold of under 15 muW. The presentation will also describe approaches to increasing the output power obtained from these lasers illustrated with data showing 100 muW of pulsed output power from a microcavity photonic crystal laser.
Functional properties and in vitro digestibility of almond (Prunus dulcis L.) protein isolate.

Almond protein isolate (API) solutions were less viscous than those of soy protein isolate (SPI). The foaming capacity of API at pH 5.0 and 6.46 was comparable to that of SPI at pH 4.42 and 5.0. At pH 8.2, SPI had better foam capacity and stability compared to that of API. API had better oil absorption capacity than that of SPI [3.56 and 2.93 g/g dry weight basis (dwb), respectively]. Emulsion activity index (EAI) of API was significantly higher than that of SPI. API was easily hydrolyzed by pepsin in vitro.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF NEOPLASTIC CELLS BY ANTHRAPYRAZOLES

— Three anthrapyrazoles were tested for their ability to photosensitize murine leukemia cells in culture. Photosensitization was correlated with singlet oxygen yield. A cell line which exhibits anthrapyrazole resistance was also photosensitized, but the resulting photodamage was substantially less than in the drug-sensitive cell line. This result has implications with regard to repair mechanisms in drug sensitive vs resistant cells.
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Indeterminate Colitis and Crohn's Disease

Although ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care surgery for patients with ulcerative colitis, the role of this procedure in patients with indeterminate colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) is more controversial. Recent studies have shown no significant adverse surgical outcome of IPAA in patients with indeterminate colitis. The outcome of IPAA in patients with CD seems to depend on when the diagnosis of CD is established. Although Crohn's colitis patients with bowel inflammation and/or anal disease should not be encouraged to have an IPAA, carefully selected CD patients without small-bowel inflammation or anal disease may safely undergo an IPAA. Patients in whom the diagnosis of CD is made on the basis of the resected colon fare well after IPAA. CD that develops months or years after IPAA has an aggressive disease course, and it seems to respond favorably to biological therapies such as infliximab.
Conception rates for standing estrus and fixed-time insemination in dairy heifers synchronized with GnRH and PGF_{2\alpha}

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of GnRH/PGF-based protocols on reproductive outcome in Holstein heifers. Heifers were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 14), or treatment groups (n = 50) treated with GnRH (day -7) and PGF2α (day 0). Heifers that exhibited estrus were inseminated (Select Synch, n = 34) and heifers that did not exhibit estrus up to 48 h after PGF 2α injection received a second GnRH injection and were fixed-time inseminated (Ovsynch, n = 16). Conception rates were 40%, 55.9%, and 31.3%, and overall pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) were 64.3%, 97%, and 87.5% in the control, Select Synch, and Ovsynch groups, respectively. Ovsynch heifers had 1.8 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 0.6 ng mL -1
Automated testing of open software standards

This paper illustrates the power and flexibility of a new approach to creating conformance test suites for open systems software standards such as POSIX. The approach incorporates an automated process for the generation and validation of conformance tests. The automated process has been implemented and comprises key components of the Clemson Automated Testing System (CATS). CATS is a testing facility designed to provide a life-cycle support environment for the development of conformance tests. This paper introduces the CATS facility and presents examples of its use. >
Spot ferritin assay for serum samples dried on filter paper

A spot method was developed for analyzing ferritin from 20-microL serum samples (n = 71) that were spotted and dried on filter paper and stored frozen (2 d). Spot samples were thawed, incubated in a buffer containing cellulase, and centrifuged and the supernate assayed for ferritin by a commercial radioimmunoassay. The geometric means (+/- 1 SD) for ferritin analyzed with the spot and traditional methods were 49.4 (range: 14.9-164.0) and 47.5 (range: 14.4-156.0) micrograms/L, respectively. The two methods correlated strongly (r = 0.98, P = 0.0001). Storage of spot samples (n = 31) under various conditions (at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen for 2 wk, or at room temperature for 4 wk) in airtight bags before analysis yielded ferritin values that were not significantly different from those obtained by the traditional method. Ferritin values from spotted samples stored at room temperature for 4 wk before being analyzed were only 2.2 micrograms/L higher than those from samples analyzed by the traditional method. With iron depletion defined as a serum ferritin concentration or = 4 wk, eliminating the need for freezing during storage and transportation.
Interferometric inversion: a robust approach to linear inverse problems

In this abstract, we present a new approach to linear wavebased inverse problems (e.g. inverse source, inverse Born scattering). Instead of looking directly at the data, we propose to match cross-correlations and other quadratic data combinations that generalize cross-correlations. This approach is expected to be robust to a wide variety of modeling uncertainties. In deriving a method to perform inversion using data pairs, a non-convex optimization problem is first advanced. It is then convexified by lifting the problem to a higher dimension space. The lifted problem is studied and sufficient conditions for invertibility are obtained. The lifted formulation is however too computationally intensive to be used for imaging, so a less-expansive non-convex approximation is considered. We illustrate the remarkable robustness of interferometric inversion numerically.
CALCULATION OF CONDITIONAL EQUILIBRIUM IN SERIAL MULTIPLE PRECIPITATION OF METAL SULFIDES WITH HYDROGEN SULFIDE STREAM GENERATED FROM SODIUM SULFIDE: A DIDACTIC TOOL FOR CHEMISTRY TEACHING

Hydrogen sulfide is presented in textbooks as toxic, environmentally unacceptable species, however some positive effects in human metabolism were discovered in the last decades. It is important to offer students also some new information about this compound. As didactic tool in this case may serve serial precipitation of Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ ions forming various colored sulfides in bubblers with chemically generated hydrogen sulfide stream. This experiment has strong and diverse color effect for enhancing the visual perception to motivate students to understand more abstract and complex information about hydrogen sulfide. It also may be helpful in analytical chemistry courses for conditional precipitation equilibrium teaching and calculations.
Lightning Mapping Array flash detection performance with variable receiver thresholds

This study characterizes Lightning Mapping Array performance for networks that participated in the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry field program using new Monte Carlo and curvature matrix model simulations. These open-source simulation tools are readily adapted to real-time operations or detailed studies of performance. Each simulation accounted for receiver threshold and location, as well as a reference distribution of source powers and flash sizes based on thunderstorm observations and the mechanics of station triggering. Source and flash detection efficiency were combined with solution bias and variability to predict flash area distortion at long ranges. Location errors and detection efficiency were highly dependent on the station configuration and thresholds, especially at longer ranges, such that performance varied more than expected across different networks and with azimuth within networks. Error characteristics matched prior studies, which led to an increase in flash distortion with range. Predicted flash detection efficiency exceeded 95% within 100 km of all networks.
Advertising Creativity: Some Open Questions

Advertising is the product of creative departments in agencies. Not all advertising, however, is “creative.” Just what that “creativity” is and how it makes an impact long has vexed researchers in the fields. People working in advertising will give different answers. When pushed hard, most
Some like it hot: citrus tristeza virus strains react differently to elevated temperature

Viruses often infect plants as a mixed population. The dynamics of viral populations dictate the success of the infection, yet there is little understanding of the factors that influence them. It is known that temperature can affect individual viruses; could it also affect a virus population? In order to study this, we observed citrus tristeza virus (CTV) populations in different hosts under winter and summer conditions (25 versus 36 °C). We found that only some CTV strains were affected by a higher summer temperature, which lead to a change in CTV population structure, and that this effect was host dependent.
Internet Sexual Offender Laws

While Internet sexual offenses represent only about ten percent of all sex offenses in the U.S., arrests and prosecutions for Internet sex offenders, both child pornography and solicitation offenses, are increasing and may continue to grow as technological advances increase the speed and anonymity of trading illegal pornography online. Internet sexual offenses are also a major concern in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, where legislation similar to that enacted in the U.S. has been passed in order to prosecute Internet sex offenders and to deter future Internet sex offenses. This chapter will review the history of Internet sex offense legislation in the United States and globally, as well as the controversies and dilemmas related to the investigation and prosecution of Internet sex offenses.
Capacity-Building for IWRM: Education, Training, and Research

The capacity to implement IWRM depends on the preparation of individual managers and organizations. Managers can receive basic preparation from different disciplines, and many will be engineers and scientists with knowledge of natural and human systems. Given the breadth of IWRM, capacity is needed for specific disciplinary knowledge and broad and inclusive problem-solving. Training must emphasize technical tasks, management and decision science, and wise integrated approaches. The diverse array of needed skills requires a broad approach based on shared problems and use of case studies. Training of watershed leaders and education for citizens and students can strengthen the support base for IWRM, and broad research programs can help organizations fulfill their responsibilities and help individual workers become more productive.
Indications, Utilization and Complications Following Prostate Biopsy: New York State Analysis.

Purpose: Uptake of active surveillance and changes in prostate cancer care may affect the utilization of and complications following prostate needle biopsy. We characterized recent trends and risk factors for prostate needle biopsy complications using a statewide, all-payer cohort.Materials and Methods: We used SPARCS (New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System) to identify prostate needle biopsies performed between 2011 and 2014 via the transrectal and the transperineal approach (9,472 and 421 patients, respectively). We characterized trends in utilization and complications using Poisson regression and the Cochrane-Armitage test. We applied logistic regression to examine predictors of complications within 30 days of prostate needle biopsy.Results: Ambulatory use of prostate needle biopsy decreased with time (p <0.01). The most common indication for prostate needle biopsy was elevated prostate specific antigen in 53.2% of patients, followed by active surveillance for cancer in 26.7%, abno...
Abstract 012: Differences in Quantitative Coronary Angiographic (QCA) Characteristics of Coronary Artery Disease Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients Pre-treated With versus Without Statins on Admission

Background: Whereas statins are well-known to contribute to atheromatic plaque stability and regression of atherosclerosis burden, possible interactions with anti-retroviral therapy have led to sub...
Custom Fabrication of a 3-Dimensionally Printed Helmet for Improved Socialization and Subjective Self-Assessment in a Case of Acquired Cranial Defect: A Case Presentation

Abstract Traumatic injury and subsequent residual cosmetic deformity are subject of intense scrutiny for their effects on objective health measures assessing patient morbidity and mortality. Although these remain principal concerns of all members of the treatment team, of less immediate yet lasting importance to the patient are the social costs of such disfigurement. Subjective feelings of unease and embarrassment can hinder social reintegration and encourage deteriorating psychosocial health. The following presents a case of one such individual who sustained traumatic brain injury and associated pneumocephalus and osteomyelitis requiring surgical debridement with bifrontal craniectomy and lobotomy. Postoperative management was cosmetically improved by the application of a custom-fabricated, 3-dimensionally printed helmet used in place of generic over-the-counter hardware, and the associated improvement reported in patient satisfaction is reported. Level of Evidence V
SNAP benefit levels and enrollment rates by race and place: evidence from Georgia, 2007–2013

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) decreases poverty and food insecurity for millions of Americans. Yet not all eligible households participate, and disparities in participation exist by household size, race, ethnicity, and place. We examine the county-level associations between maximum benefit levels and SNAP enrollment by household size, race, ethnicity, and metropolitan status from 2007 to 2013 in the state of Georgia. National county-level data on participation in SNAP by racial or ethnic group are not available, but Georgia features substantial variation by race and ethnicity as well as metropolitan status at the county level that make it well suited for our analysis. Maximum SNAP benefit levels were associated with increases in county-level SNAP enrollment across the board but especially for single-person households, Hispanics, and rural Whites. These findings have implications for future changes to SNAP benefits.