cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polypectomy may be adequate treatment for adenoma-like dysplastic lesions in chronic ulcerative colitis

Abstract Background & Aims: Chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC)-associated adenoma-like DALMs (dysplasia-associated lesions or masses) pose a difficult clinical problem to both gastroenterologists and pathologists because they are difficult to distinguish endoscopically and pathologically from sporadic adenomas that develop coincidentally in patients with CUC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of CUC patients with an adenoma-like DALM treated conservatively and to compare the findings with CUC patients with a coincidental sporadic adenoma. Methods: Clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features and outcome of 24 CUC patients with an adenoma-like DALM were compared with those of 10 CUC patients with a coincidental sporadic adenoma and 49 non-CUC (control) patients with a sporadic adenoma. Patients were followed up for a mean of 42.4 and 41.2 months for the 2 CUC groups, respectively, and 37.0 months for the non-CUC controls by endoscopic surveillance. Results: Of the 24 CUC patients with adenoma-like DALMs (male/female ratio, 14/10; mean age, 61.5 years; mean duration of colitis, 10.4 years), 14 (58%) developed further adenoma-like DALMs within the follow-up interval. Only 1 patient (4%) developed an isolated focus of low-grade dysplasia, and none developed adenocarcinoma. Five of 10 (50%) CUC patients with sporadic adenomas developed further adenomas, and none of the patients in this group developed either dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Of the 49 non-CUC control patients, 39% developed further adenomas. Conclusions: CUC patients who develop an adenoma-like DALM that endoscopically and histologically resembles a sporadic adenoma, regardless of its location (either within or outside areas of documented colitis), may be treated with polypectomy and endoscopic surveillance because of its relatively benign course. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999;117:1288-1294
Prospective and Retrospective Memory for Intentions: A Two-Component Approach

Consumer behavior often involves the formation of purchase intentions; however, successful memory for previously formed intentions is necessary for the intentions to be acted on. This article delineates a 2-component approach to understanding memory for previously formed intentions, separating a prospective memory component from a retrospective memory component. Memory that a person had intended to do something is prospective (remembering to remember), whereas memory for the content of the intended action is retrospective (remembering what to remember). This research investigated these 2 components in a situation in which multiple intentions were present and examined the extent to which important intentions influenced prospective and retrospective memory for other, less important intentions. The results indicated that increasing the importance of an intention facilitated both prospective and retrospective memory. However, the influence of an important intention on memory for unimportant intentions depended on both the order and type of memory component. Prospective memory was better for unimportant intentions that preceded the completion of the important intention but was unaffected after completion of the important intention. Retrospective memory, on the other hand, did not differ across order. Hence, it appears that these 2 components are theoretically and empirically separable and may derive from different underlying processes.
Early stages of notochord and floor plate development in the chick embryo defined by normal and induced expression of HNF-3 beta

We have cloned a cDNA encoding the chick HNF-3 beta gene and have used RNA and antibody probes that detect HNF-3 beta to monitor the normal and induced expression of the gene in early embryos. HNF-3 beta expressed in Koller's sickle, at the onset of primitive streak formation, and later in Hensen's node. At neural plate and neural tube stages, HNF-3 beta is expressed transiently in the notochord and is then expressed by floor plate cells. Prospective floor plate cells that are located in the epiblast immediately anterior to Hensen's node prior to its regression do not express HNF-3 beta, providing evidence that floor plate fate is normally determined only after these cells populate the midline of the neural plate and overlie the notochord. Removal of the notochord in vivo prevents floor plate development and in this condition HNF-3 beta is not expressed by cells at the ventral midline of the neural tube. Notochord grafts induce ectopic floor plate development and ectopic neural expression of HNF-3 beta. In vitro, neural plate explants are induced to express HNF-3 beta by notochord cells in a contact-dependent but cycloheximide-resistant manner, providing evidence that expression of HNF-3 beta is a direct response of neural plate cells to notochord-derived inducing signals.
Computer assisted plant layout using a graphics editor

Abstract Computer assisted plant layout has been available to industrial engineers, in one form or another, for a number of years. In this paper a semi-interactive computer graphics approach to layout planning is described. A graphics editor, CMASK, developed for designing integrated circuits was utilized to create plant-facility layout. The method based on a “layer by layer” approach to creating a layout is flexible and gives the layout designer a complete control to the layout generation process.
Residual Stress Analysis of Boronized AISI 1018 Steel by Synchrotron Radiation

AISI 1018 steel substrates were powder-pack, diffusion boronized at 850 °C for 4 h, followed by air quenching. Optical microscopy in conjunction with color etching was used to obtain the average penetration depth of the iron monoboride layer (9 μm) and the iron diboride layer (57 μm). X-ray diffraction by synchrotron radiation, conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source in Brookhaven National Laboratory, confirmed the presence of iron monoboride and iron diboride in the boronized plain steel substrates. The sin2 ψ technique was employed to calculate the residual stress found in the iron monoboride layer (−237 MPa) and in the substrate layer (−150 MPa) that is intertwined with the needle-like, iron diboride penetration.
Upstream molecular signaling pathways of p27(Kip1) expression: effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and retinoic acids

p27(Kip1) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle. It is known that a relatively large number of nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents specifically up-regulate expression of p27 without directly affecting the expression of other G1-to-S phase cell cycle regulatory proteins including p21(Cip1Waf1). However, the upstream molecular signaling pathways of how these agents up-regulate the expression of p27 have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify such pathways in human breast cancer cells in vitro using 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and various retinoic acids as examples of such anti-cancer agents. Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report was obtained by transfecting human breast cancer cells in vitro with proximal upstream region of p27 gene-luciferase reporter plasmids. 1) The evidence indicated that 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and various retinoic acids up-regulated expression of p27 in both estrogen receptor-positive and negative human breast cancer cells in vitro. 2) The degree of up-regulation of p27 expression by these anti-cancer agents in human breast cancer cells in vitro linearly correlated with the degree of inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo. 3) Lastly, up-regulation of the expression of p27 was likely due to the activation of translation initiation rather than transcription of p27 gene. The experimental evidence presented in the second half of this report was obtained by a combination of Western immunoblot analysis and transfection analysis. It indicated that 4-hydroxytamoxifen and dexamethasone up-regulated expression of p27 by down-regulating phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) at Ser65 and this phosphorylation was likely to be mediated by upstream receptor tyrosine kinases/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/5'-AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR) protein kinase signaling pathways. Retinoic acids up-regulated expression of p27 without using either 4E-BP1 or RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR protein kinase signaling pathways. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and dexamethasone up-regulated translation initiation of p27 by down-regulating 4E-BP1 phosphorylated at Ser65 and this down-regulation seemed to be mediated by upstream RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR protein kinase signaling pathways. Retinoic acids also up-regulated translation initiation of p27, but without using any of these pathways.
Approaching throughput optimality with limited feedback in multichannel wireless downlink networks

This paper studies the allocation of feedback resources in the downlink of a frequency-division duplex (FDD) multichannel wireless system. We consider a downlink network with a single base station, L shared channels, and N mobile users. Throughput optimal algorithms like MaxWeight in general require the complete channel-state information (CSI) ( NL link states) for scheduling. Acquiring the complete CSI, however, is a prohibitive overhead in multichannel networks when the number of users is large. In this paper, we consider the scenario where the base station allocates only a limited amount of uplink resources for acquiring channel-state information. We first show that to support a (1-e) fraction of the full throughput region (the throughput region with the complete CSI), the base station needs to acquire at least Θ((1-e)L) link states at each time-slot. We then propose a Weight-Based Feedback allocation, named WBF, and show that WBF together with MaxWeight scheduling achieves a (1-e) fraction of the full throughput region by acquiring Θ(L log[1/(e)]) link states per time-slot. For i.i.d. on-off channels, we further prove that Θ(Llog[1/(e)]) link states per time-slot is necessary for achieving a (1-e) fraction of the full throughput region.
The secret to a successful relationship: lasting chemistry between ascidians and their symbiotic bacteria

Bioactive secondary metabolites are common components of marine animals. In many cases, symbiotic bacteria, and not the animals themselves, synthesize the compounds. Among marine animals, ascidians are good models for understanding these symbioses. Ascidians often contain potently bioactive secondary metabolites as their major extractable components. Strong evidence shows that ~8% of the known secondary metabolites from ascidians are made by symbiotic bacteria, and indirect evidence implicates bacteria in the synthesis of many more. Far from being “secondary” to the animals, secondary metabolites are essential components of the interaction between host animals and their symbiotic bacteria. These interactions have complex underlying biology, but the chemistry is clearly ascidian-species specific. The chemical interactions are ancient in at least some cases, and they are widespread among ascidians. Ascidians maintain secondary metabolic symbioses with bacteria that are phylogenetically diverse, indicating a convergent solution to obtaining secondary metabolites and reinforcing the importance of secondary metabolism in animal survival.
Medical image recognition based on Dempster-Shafer reasoning

In this paper, we present the basic components of the prototype of an expert system that is capable of recognizing major brain structures given a set of integrated brain images. The proposed medical image understanding system, which is based on the blackboard architecture, employs the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) model as its inference engine to mimic the reasoning process of a human expert in the task of dividing a set of spatially correlated x ray CT, proton density (PD), and T2-weighted MR images into semantically meaningful entities and identifying these entities as respective brain structures. Within the framework of D-S reasoning, belief interval is adopted to represent the strengths of evidence and the likelihoods of hypotheses. By using the complicated blackboard-based architecture and D-S model, the proposed system can perform the task of recognition efficiently. Several experimental results are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed system.
Enigmatic Marine Ecosystem Metabolism Measured by Direct Diel ΣCO2 and O2 Flux in Conjunction with DOC Release and Uptake

In an attempt to evaluate ΣCO2 changes as an index of net ecosystem metabolism, ΣCO2 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by infrared (IR) analysis and O2 by the Winkler method were followed over 12 diel cycles in a salt marsh, a simulated estuarine ecosystem, and the mixed layer of the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Each ecosystem exhibited replicable diel cycles, net production during the photoperiod, and a significant inverse correlation between ΣCO2 and O2 changes. Daily rates of system production and respiration calculated from ΣCO2, however, exceeded those from O2 by 1.5 to 3.5 fold in nearshore waters and by 2 to 6 fold in the open ocean. Net total system apparent production based on O2 and ΣCO2, respectively, were 2 345 and 3 604 mg C m-3d-1 for the salt marsh, 348 and 625 mg C m-3d-1 for the estuarine ecosystem, and 53 and 306 mg C m-3d-1 for the oceanic ecosystem, both parameters exceeding 14C data in the literature for similar environments by one to two orders of magnitude. The IR ΣCO2 productivity estimates are compatible with the diel cycles in DOC. In the marsh and Caribbean Sea, maxinium DOC concentrations were usually observed in the evening following a gradual accumulation during the photoperiod, while minimal values occurred in the early morning. In all ecosystems the average net release of DOC lagged CO2 uptake and O2 production and represented 22.7 and 43.3% of the carbon fixed as estimated from CO2 uptake and O2 production, respectively. If the consistently higher ΣCO2 measurements are not a systematic error nor due to atmospheric diffusion, then diel variation in O2 and CO2 may not always be quantitatively coupled due in part to habitat-dependent factors such as the nonphotosynthetic incorporation of CO2 and chemosynthetic removal of O2.
Stimulus equivalence and transitive associations: A methodological analysis.

Abstract When a number of two-stimulus relations are established through training within a set of stimuli, other two-stimulus relations often emerge in the same set without direct training. These, termed “transitive stimulus relations,” have been demonstrated with a variety of visual and auditory stimuli. The phenomenon has served as a behavioral model for explaining the emergence of rudimentary comprehension and reading skills, and the development of generative syntactic repertoires. This article considers the range of relations that can arise between a given number of stimuli in a class, the number of directly established two-stimulus relations necessary for the emergence of transitive relations, the forms that training sets of stimuli can take, and the number of transitive two-stimulus relations that can be induced without direct training. The procedures needed to establish and assess transitive stimulus control, the possible interactions between the training and testing procedures, and the constrainst these interactions place upon the analysis of transitive stimulus control are also examined. The present analysis indicates that in a transitivity test, choice among such stimuli may be controlled by (1) the relation between the sample and the positive comparison stimulus (transitive stimulus control), (2) the relation between the sample and the negative comparison stimulus (S- rule control), and (3) possible discriminative properties that may inadvertently be established in the positive and negative comparison stimuli (valence control). Methods are described for distinguishing these three forms of stimulus control.
What’s Driving False Discovery Rates?

The “Paris Guidelines” have begun the process of standardizing reporting for proteomics. New bioinformatics tools have improved the process for estimating error rates of peptide identifications. This perspective seeks to consider these advances in the context of proteomics’ short history. As increasing numbers of proteomics papers come from biologists rather than technologists, developing consensus standards for estimating error will be increasingly necessary. Standardizing this assessment should be welcomed as a reflection of the growing impact of proteomic technologies.
A Mean Convergence Analysis for Partial Update NLMS Algorithms

This paper discusses the convergence rates of partial update normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms for long, finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters. We specify the general form of convergence of tap weight vector's mean deviation for white Guassian input, and analyze several best known partial update algorithms' performance. These results are compared with the conventional NLMS algorithm. We further discuss the similarity in update effects of some partial update algorithms and proportionate-type NLMS algorithms. This theoretically demonstrates that for sparse impulse response system identification with white Guassian input, properly designed partial update NLMS algorithms, although need only a fraction of the fully updated NLMS algorithm's computational power, have the potential of achieving better performance than conventional NLMS.
Trends of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit from 2000-2009

Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections are major causes of numerous neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks. There have been increasing reports of MRSA outbreaks in various neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) over the last decade. Our objective was to review the experience of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in our NICU in the last decade and describe the trends in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infections from 2000 to 2009. A retrospective perinatal database review of all neonates admitted to our NICU with blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus from (Jan 1st 2000 to December 31st 2009) was conducted. Infants were identified from the database and data were collected regarding their clinical characteristics and co-morbidities, including shock with sepsis and mortality. Period A represents patients admitted in 2000-2003. Period B represents patients seen in 2004-2009. During the study period, 156/11111 infants were identified with Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infection: 41/4486 (0.91%) infants in Period A and 115/6625 (1.73%) in Period B (p < 0.0004). Mean gestation at birth was 26 weeks for infants in both periods. There were more MRSA infections in Period B (24% vs. 55% p < 0.05) and they were associated with more severe outcomes. In comparing the cases of MRSA infections observed in the two periods, infants in period B notably had significantly more pneumonia cases (2.4% vs. 27%, p = 0.0005) and a significantly higher mortality rate (0% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.0038). The incidences of skin and soft tissue infections and of necrotizing enterocolitis were not significantly changed in the two periods. There was an increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection among neonates after 2004. Although MSSA continues to be a problem in the NICU, MRSA infections were more prevalent in the past 6 years in our NICU. Increased severity of staphylococcal infections and associated rising mortality are possibly related to the increasing MRSA infections with a more virulent community-associated strain.
Automated detection of foveal fixation by use of retinal birefringence scanning

Foveal fixation was monitored in normal subjects remotely and continuously by use of a noninvasive retinal scan. Polarized infrared light was imaged onto the retina and scanned in a 3° annulus at 44 Hz. Reflections were analyzed by differential polarization detection. In all 32 eyes studied, the detected signal was predominantly 88 Hz during central fixation (within ±1°) and 44 Hz during paracentral fixation. Phase shift at 44 Hz correlated with the direction of eye displacement. Potential applications of this technique include screening for eye disease, eye position monitoring during clinical procedures, and use of eye fixation to operate devices.
Binding Energies of Water to Sodiated Valine and Structural Isomers in the Gas Phase: The Effect of Proton Affinity on Zwitterion Stability

The structures of valine (Val) and methylaminoisobutyric acid (Maiba) bound to a sodium ion, both with and without a water molecule, are investigated using both theory and experiment. Calculations indicate that, without water, sodiated Val forms a charge-solvated structure in which the sodium ion coordinates to the nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen (NO-coordination), whereas Maiba forms a salt-bridge structure in which the sodium ion coordinates to both carboxylate oxygens (OO-coordination). The addition of a single water molecule does not significantly affect the relative energies or structures of the charge-solvated and salt-bridge forms of either cluster, although in Maiba the mode of sodium ion binding is changed slightly by the water molecule. The preference of Maiba to adopt a zwitterionic form in these complexes is consistent with its higher proton affinity. Experimentally, the rates of water evaporation from clusters of Val.Na(+)(H(2)O) and Maiba.Na(+)(H(2)O) are measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD). The dissociation rates from the Val and Maiba complexes are compared to water evaporation rates from model complexes of known structure over a wide range of temperatures. Master equation modeling of the BIRD kinetic data yields a threshold dissociation energy for the loss of water from sodiated valine of 15.9 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol and an energy of 15.1 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol for the loss of water from sodiated Maiba. The threshold dissociation energy of water for Val.Na(+)(H(2)O) is the same as that for the charge-solvated model isomers, while the salt-bridge model complex has the same water threshold dissociation energy as Maiba.Na(+)(H(2)O). These results indicate that the threshold dissociation energy for loss of a water molecule from these salt-bridge complexes is approximately 1 kcal/mol less than that for loss of water from the charge-solvated complexes.
Plasma nicotine, plasma β-endorphin and mood states during periods of chronic smoking, abstinence and nicotine replacement

Nicotine is known to release neuroendocrine substances which may subsequently reinforce smoking behavior by improving mood states. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in plasmaβ-endorphin and mood states during periods of chronic smoking, abstinence from smoking, and abstinence while chewing nicotine gum. A modified A-B-A-C design was used. Normal male volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Over a 12-day protocol, experimental subjects smoked ad libitum for 2 days, were abstinent for 4 days, resumed smoking for 2 days, and then chewed nicotine gum for the final 4 days. Control subjects smoked ad libitum throughout the entire protocol. Results indicated that changes in plasmaβ-endorphin levels were not related to changes in the four smoking conditions. Plasma nicotine and mood states were related, such that dysphoric moods increased during abstinence from smoking in comparison to the control group. To investigate further the relationships between nicotine,β-endorphin and reinforcement for smoking, it may be necessary to characterize endogenous opioid peptide release in the central nervous system during smoking.
Resonant enhancement (?) of the recombination probability at the nitrogen-trap, Γ-band edge crossover in GaAs1-xPx: N(EN = EΓ, x ≡ xN)

Abstract Previously it has been suggested on theoretical grounds and early data on N-doped In 1− x Ga x P that at the point of degeneracy of the Γ band edge and the N-trap ( x ≡ x N ) the electron-hole recombination probability associated with the trap is resonantly enhanced by the presence of Γ band states. Data are presented on N-doped and N-free In 1− x Ga x P 1− z As z / GaAs 1− y P y ( x ∼ 0.70, y ≈ 0.40, z ∼ 0.01) single heterojunction laser diodes fabricated on the same VPE GaAs 1− y P y :N system, where the position of the N trap is well known, indicate that the N trap weakens the band-to-band (Γ) transition and is not itself enhanced beyond the usual band structure enhancement (BSE) described recently for ternary alloys. A theoretical argument is offered to explain the discrepancy between earlier theory and experimental observations.
Amperometric carbon fiber nitrite microsensor for in situ biofilm monitoring

Abstract A highly selective needle type solid state amperometric nitrite microsensor based on direct nitrite oxidation on carbon fiber was developed using a simplified fabrication method. The microsensor's tip diameter was approximately 7 μm (14 μm spatial resolution). At an applied potential of +1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the microsensor exhibited a linear nitrite response from 0 to 25 mg N L −1 , a 0.02 mg N L −1 (1.3 μM) limit of detection, and a fast response ( −1 nitrite per 1 pH unit change. Depending on the conditions (e.g., pH, alkalinity, nitrite concentration), pH may need to be taken into account during nitrite measurement. The developed carbon fiber nitrite microsensor successfully measured nitrite in a nitrifying biofilm and is applicable for in situ analysis in other micro-environments (e.g., microbial mats and sediments).
Literacies, narratives, and adult learning in libraries

Librarians in the academy “increasingly see themselves as educators, an evolution in the profession that challenges established definitions of librarianship and of how we generate knowledge about professional values and practices” (Elmborg, 2006a:192).
Antigonadotrophic effect of melatonin in male lizards (Callisaurus draconoides)

Results of a preliminary experiment indicate that injections of melatonin elicit testicular regression in male lizards having maximally recrudesced gonads at the outset of study.
L-Selenomethionine Does Not Protect Against Testosterone Plus 17β-Estradiol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Preneoplastic Lesions in the Prostate of NBL Rats

Previous animal studies examining dietary selenium effects on prostatic carcinogenesis did not show preventive benefit, including 1 study in a rat model involving testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)-induced prostatic oxidative stress. Here, we examined modulation of T + E2-induced prostatic oxidative stress, dysplasia, and inflammation by L-selenomethionine at 1.5 or 3.0 mg selenium/kg in NIH-07 diet in Noble (Nbl)/Crl rats treated with T + E2 for 16 wk. Hormone treatment increased immunohistochemical staining for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the prostatic sites of T + E2-induced preneoplasia (P < 0.05), but selenomethionine did not attenuate 8-OHdG staining and dysplasia in the lateral prostate. Glutathione-peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) and mRNA expression were induced by T + E2 (P < 0.0001) but not changed by selenomethionine. Selenomethionine did not cause significant responses in expression and activity of glutathione-peroxidase and MnSOD, except for a reduction of MnSOD protein expression in ...
Conjugation of Colloidal Clusters and Chains by Capillary Condensation

Capillary condensation was used to establish connections in colloidal clusters and 1D colloidal chains with high regional selectivity. This vapor-phase process produced conjugated clusters and chains with anisotropic functionality. The capillary condensation method is simple and can be applied to a wide range of materials. It can tolerate geometric variations and even permits conjugation of spatially separated particles. The selective deposition was also used to modulate the functionality on the colloid surfaces, producing tip-tethered nanosized building blocks that may be suitable for further assembly via directional interactions.
Hypertension is common among HIV-infected persons, but not associated with HAART.

Background: With improved survival after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have come to the forefront in the management of H...
Menstrual dysfunction in anorexia nervosa

Amenorrhea is a hallmark sign of anorexia nervosa. Its cause is multifactorial and its resolution necessitates treatment of the underlying eating disorder. The neuroendocrine changes associated with menstrual abnormalities in underweight and weight recovered anorexia nervosa, recent research on osteopenia, and treatment recommendations are addressed.
An ecology of tangible interaction

Tangible and embedded interaction is a fancy way of saying that we make things. We make tools that people handle, use and abuse. We make displays and devices that fill space draw attention, and (sometimes) deliver information. At the center of all of our work is the practice of making things.Despite that fact, many tangible and embedded interaction practitioners aren't trained in a tradition of making things. Much of the research in this field grows out of computer and information sciences, human-computer interaction, and other fields with less tangible practices. If anything, tangible interaction grew out of a perceived lack of physicality in computing. In order to get things made, we've drawn on a number of practices with a deeper knowledge of manufacturing and fabrication: art, performance, industrial design, and the garment industry, to name a few.This is a fairly young field, and much of the work still consists of experiments, individual art works, and bespoke items designed for exhibits, special events, or research projects. For the most part, we haven't given much thought to what tangible interaction means at an industrial scale, even though we all have fantasies of a world filled with intelligent, computation-enabled things.What we haven't yet considered is what happens to all of those intelligent, computation-enabled things when they've outlived their utility. Part of the reason we haven't considered it much is because and because the practices of fabrication from which we've borrowed haven't given it a lot of thought either. Manufacturing has traditionally been a one-way street.In "Shaping Things", Bruce Sterling put forth the idea that we could think of disposal and reuse of goods as an information design problem. Drawing on the work of entrepreneurs like Ray Anderson, many interaction design programs have begin teaching service design, thinking about the things we make not as goods to be bought, but as services to be leased. I'd like to propose that we also think about the end of our things' lives as a tangible interaction design problem. In this talk, I'll look at some assumptions about how we make interactive things individually and at scale, and propose a few places we might begin making changes.
Comparison of Two Concept-Mapping Techniques: Implications for Scoring, Interpretation, and Use.

We examine the equivalence of two construct-a-concept-map techniques: construct-a-map with created linking phrases (C), and construct-a-map with selected linking phrases (S). The former places few constraints on the respondent and has been considered the gold standard; the latter is cost and time efficient. Both their products and processes are compared quantitatively and qualitatively as to total accuracy score, individual proposition scores, proposition choice, map structure complexity, proposition generation rate, and proposition generation procedures. We conclude that the two mapping techniques are not equivalent: The C technique is better than the S technique in capturing students' partial knowledge, even though the S can be scored more efficiently than C. Based on their characteristics, if used as an assessment tool, the C technique is more suitable for formative assessment while the S technique is a better fit for large- scale assessments. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 166-184, 2005
The rôle of capillary waves in oceanic air/water gas exchange

Recent experiments have demonstrated that millimeter-scale capillary waves can enhance the transport of CO 2 by almost 2 orders of magnitude for moderate wave slopes. These results are used to create a model for the relative contribution of capillary waves to the gas exchange coefficient. The model input is wind speed u , and the output is K f the fractional contribution of a specific range of capillary waves to the total gas exchange coefficient. Wind speed data, obtained via satellite, are used as the model input to obtain globally averaged values for K f . In spite of the enhancing effect which capillary waves provide in the laboratory, the maximum value of K f predicted by the model is less than 10%, and global averages are less than 4%. The small values of K f are primarily due to the small wave energies predicted by existing wave height spectra in the high wave number regime. The uncertainty in existing wave height spectra, and the importance of experimental validation of the high wave number regime is discussed. Some interesting aspects of capillary wave gas exchange are also expanded upon. Among these are the demonstration of a linear relationship between the capillary wave gas exchange coefficient and wavelength, and a peak in the contribution of capillary waves to gas exchange at a wavelength around λ = 3.6 mm. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-2-00004.x
Feminist Identity Among Latina Adolescents

This study explores developing conceptions of feminism among Latina adolescents, their prevalence of feminist endorsement, and whether home environment and well-being are related to feminist identity. One hundred and forty Latina girls (Grades 9 to 12, M age = 15) wrote personal narratives of their understanding of feminism and whether they consider themselves feminists. The major themes that emerged in girls’ conceptions were notions of feminism either as equality, as femininity, as female empowerment, as bias, or as sexism. Results show older adolescents are more likely to define feminism with regard to group-based status differences and that opposition to female superiority is a common reason for rejecting feminism. Endorsement of an egalitarian-based definition of feminism was correlated with higher body image but was unrelated to self-esteem or parent education.
The response of a general circulation model to cloud longwave radiative forcing. I: Introduction and initial experiments

A new version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1) is used to study the effect of cloud radiative forcing on model simulations. Previous attempts to determine the role played by clouds in climate and the general circulation of the atmosphere are reviewed first. The concept of cloud radiative forcing is discussed and the forcings in the shortwave and longwave spectral regions are contrasted. At low latitudes, the cloud longwave forcing is primarily within the atmosphere, rather than at the surface. It is thus appropriate to study its effect with a model which employs fixed sea surface temperatures (s.s.t.s). The impact of cloud longwave forcing is studied in 510-day integrations for constant January conditions. The experiments isolate the forcing by tropical and extra-tropical clouds. Tropical cloud forcing warms the tropical upper troposphere and accelerates the subtropical jets. There are subtle interactions between the forcing, the clear-sky longwave heating and the latent heating in the tropics. These additional diabatic heating terms oppose the forcing in some regions and enhance it in others. The tropical cloud forcing strengthens the precipitation maxima at low latitudes. There are also changes in the extra-tropical flow, including the excitation of a pattern in the 200 mb geopotential height differences which is similar to those found in previous studies of the effect of s.s.t. anomalies. This confirms that the forcing may be as important as latent heat release in determining the atmospheric response to such anomalies. The mode is excited with comparable strength by the extra-tropical cloud forcing. Finally, some concerns regarding the generality of these results and their applicability to other models and the real atmosphere are discussed. These concerns suggest the need for sensitivity studies, some of which are already in progress.
Halophilic Bacteria Susceptibility to Peracetic Acid Vapor and Ethylene Oxide

Extremely to slightly halophilic bacteria were tested for susceptibility to two sterilizing agents, peracetic acid (PAA) and ethylene oxide (ETO). PAA susceptibility was explored by two methods: an agar plate (constant pH of 7.2) and a filter strip (constant incubation period of 37 days); 100% susceptibility was obtained by both methods. The dosage (0.5 ml/min) was applied to a filter pad in a petri dish cover. Glove box experiments with ETO (input 1.5 lb. [ca. 680.4 g]/24 hr, the only constant) yielded 100% susceptibility for all halophiles tested. These experiments demonstrated the efficacy of two lethal agents for extreme halophiles, PAA and ETO. Variation in pH did not affect susceptibility.
Conflict or Consensus? Habsburg Absolutism and Foreign Policy 1700–1748

Much has been made in recent years about the vitality of parliamentary institutions in early modern Europe and of the existence of considerably more cooperation between monarchs and their estates than one had previously thought. While this trend constitutes a significant revision in the thinking of western European historians, it has long been accepted by those who have studied the Habsburg monarchy. Over the last few years specialists on the seventeenth-century monarchy such as R. J. W. Evans, Jean Berenger, and John Spielman have reemphasized the existence of a consensual, symbiotic relationship between the dynasty and its corporate bodies, especially those of the Erblande.
Multiscale 3D Feature Extraction and Matching

Partial 3D shape matching refers to the process of computing a similarity measure between partial regions of 3D objects. This remains a difficult challenge without \emph{a priori} knowledge of the scale of the input objects, as well as their rotation and translation. This paper focuses on the problem of partial shape matching among 3D objects of unknown scale. We consider the problem of face detection on arbitrary 3D surfaces and introduce a multiscale surface representation for feature extraction and matching. This work is motivated by the scale-space theory for images. Scale-space based techniques have proven very successful for dealing with noise and scale changes in matching applications for 2D images. However, efficient and practical scale-space representations for 3D surfaces are lacking. Our proposed scale-space representation is defined in terms of the evolution of surface curvatures according to the heat equation. This representation is shown to be insensitive to noise, computationally efficient, and capable of automatic scale selection. Examples in face detection and surface registration are given.
Fully Automated Two-dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis for High Sensitivity Protein Analysis

We report a system for automated protein analysis. In the system, proteins are labeled with the fluorogenic reagent 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde, which reacts with lysine residues and creates a highly fluorescent product. These labeled proteins are analyzed by submicellar capillary electrophoresis at pH 7.5 to perform a first dimension separation. Once the first components migrate from the capillary, a fraction is transferred to a second dimension capillary, where electrophoresis is performed at pH 11.1 to further separate the proteins. Laser-induced fluorescence is used as an ultrasensitive detector of the separated proteins. Successive fractions are transferred from the first dimension capillary to the second dimension capillary for further separation to generate, in serial fashion, a two-dimensional electropherogram. The transfer of fractions is computer-controlled; there is no operator intervention once the sample has been injected. Zeptomoles of labeled proteins are detected, providing exquisite sensitivity.
Local Ethics in a Global World

Ethics, fairness, trust, and freedom from corruption are parts of social capital, and social capital matters in financial markets. Investors consider not only the information they receive but also their trust in the accuracy of the information and the fairness of the markets in which to trade. Deficiencies in ethics and fairness mark all countries. But surveys of the perception among students and finance professionals of the fairness of insider trading in eight countries indicate that deficiencies are more pronounced in some countries than in others. Five factors are discussed that affect social capital: culture, globalization, income, education, and law enforcement.
Graduate Student at Chicago in the Twenties

(1976). Graduate Student at Chicago in the Twenties. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 243-248.
The minimum and maximum ranks for impulse-free systems

To the dynamic order for close-loop descriptor systems, with the decomposition of the matrix pencil in constraint equivalence and adjustment of the matrix pencil by the elementary transformation, the paper gives the expressions for the maximum and minimum ranks of the matrix pencil, and a sufficient impulse-free condition for close-loop descriptor systems with output derivative feedback at the maximum and minimum dynamic orders.
PL02.1 The Dynamic Evolution of Sexual Behavior as It Impacts STD Spread

The past three decades have been marked by significant progress in our understanding of the biological foundations of human behaviour, the evolutionary forces that drive human conduct and cognition and environmental factors that turn genes on and off. Concurrently, advances in communication technologies have drastically changed the way people meet and mate; demographic trends have modified patterns of supply and demand of potential mates while economic trends have affected men and women’s’ motivations for sexual partnering. Consequent changes in sexual values, attitudes and norms; sexual behaviours including sexual practises; and concepts of marriage, commitment, love and sex have been remarkable. Major trends in sexual behavioural determinants of sexually transmitted infection spread include: exponential increases in the size of sexual core groups; increased acceptance of commercial and transactional sex; increases in male, female and underage sex tourism; and increased geographic mobility of sex workers. These trends result in greater connectedness among sexual core groups across national boundaries thereby limiting the effectiveness of national prevention programmes. Moreover, both increased sexual mixing between core groups and the general population and increased reporting about sexual core behaviours through social media facilitate behavioural contagion and enhance the impact of sexual core groups on the behaviours of the general population. It is surprising that STI are not spreading faster globally in light of these changes in their social and behavioural determinants.
Enuresis and Sleep Apnea

To the Editor .— The recent article by Robson et al1 describing presentation of primary and secondary enuresis provides …
Visual and chemical cues affecting the detection rate of the emerald ash borer in sticky traps

Using sticky traps, we compared the efficacy of chemical and visual lures, both alone and in combination, for improving the detection of populations of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis. Ash leaflets to which EAB visual decoys were pinned and coated with sticky material were able to trap EAB with as high a rate of detection as large sticky visually unbaited ‘prism traps’ currently used in wide-scale EAB surveillance programs in North America, in a high-density area. Both the sticky leaf traps and prism traps captured more EAB when a point source of plant odours, either manuka or phoebe oil, was deployed with the trap. For the sticky leaf traps, the shape of the EAB visual decoy lure was found to be important in optimizing the detection rate. Either an entire dead beetle or else two elytra placed side by side to mimic a resting beetle resulted in optimal trap performance. When two elytra were placed end to end or else other body parts were deployed, the traps lost their efficacy. Small green plastic surfaces to which EAB visual decoys were pinned were found to be fairly good substitutes for live ash leaflets, but the rate of beetle detection was reduced significantly from that of the ash leaflet plus EAB decoy. Throughout all experiments, a clear male bias occurred in sticky leaf traps when EAB visual decoys were placed on the traps. The implications of these findings for developing new trapping designs for EAB and other forest buprestids are discussed. J. Appl. Entomol.
Determination of the magnitude of the water-exclusive pathway in cat skeletal muscle microvasculature.

Objective: To measure the magnitude of the water-exclusive pathway in cat skeletal muscle.Methods: The osmotic reflection coefficient (σd) was measured for sucrose, raffinose and cyancobalamine using osmotic transient techniques in the isolated, perfused cat hindlimb preparation at sufficiently high perfusate flows (60–80 ml/min−1 100 g−1) so that solute diffusion was not a factor. Microvascular filtration coefficient values required for the σd determination were measured using the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) technique at these high flows. With these σd data and macromolecular reflection coefficient data from a previous study, discrete pore-modeling techniques were used to estimate the magnitude of the water movement through the water-exclusive pathway.Results: CFC values increased significantly at very high flows (>80 ml/min−1 100 g−1), but these values were unchanged from control at the lower flows used to measure σd. The σd values for sucrose and raffinose were 0.41 ± 0.03 SE and 0.42 ± 0.03...
NF-κB regulates thrombin-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in cooperation with NFAT by binding to the intronic NF-κB site in the ICAM-1 gene

Activation of NF-κB is essential for protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-mediated ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Here we show that PAR-1 activation induces binding of both p65/RelA and NFATc1 to the NF-κB binding site localized in intron-1 of the ICAM-1 gene to initiate transcription in endothelial cells. We discovered the presence of two NF-κB binding sites in intron-1 (+70, NF-κB site 1; +611, NF-κB site 2) of the human ICAM-1 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that thrombin induced binding of p65/RelA and of NFATc1 specifically to intronic NF-κB site 1 of the ICAM-1 gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays confirmed the binding of p65/RelA and NFATc1 to the intronic NF-κB site 1 in thrombin-stimulated cells. Thrombin increased the expression of ICAM-1-promoter-intron 1-reporter (−1,385 to +234) construct ∼25-fold and mutation of intronic NF-κB site 1 markedly reduced thrombin-induced reporter expression. Moreover, inhibition of calcineurin, knockdown of either NFATc1 or p65/RelA with siRNA significantly reduced thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression and polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. In contrast, NFATc1 knockdown had no effect on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. Thus these results suggest that p65/RelA and NFATc1 bind to the intronic NF-κB site 1 sequence to induce optimal transcription of the ICAM-1 gene in response to thrombin in endothelial cells.
A Review of "Come as You Are" by Emily Nagoski. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2015, 400 pages, $16.99 (paperback).

Come as You Are, by Emily Nagoski. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2015, 400 pages, $16.99 (paperback).I am a sex researcher, and sometimes I wonder about the point of it all. I spend co...