cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Effects of Shear and Interfacial Phenomena on Cell Viability

The shear sensitivity of animal and plant cells is a problem often encountered in large-scale cell culture. Such sensitivity varies with different cell lines and the severity of cellular damage may depend on both the magnitude and the duration of the shear stress. In a bioreactor, the shear susceptibility of cells depends on their response to hydrodynamic forces arising from fluid motions of particular scale. Cell damage may be induced by forces in the bulk liquid phase, but fluid motions associated with the gas-liquid interface are especially energetic. The detrimental effects of hydrodynamic forces are abated by the addition of some polymers, such as Pluronic F-68, methylcellulose, or serum; the exact mechanisms of protection are the subject of current research.
Training oncology camp volunteers. A developmental and strengths approach.

Purpose: This article examines the training of oncology camp volunteers using a developmental and strengths perspective as a theoretical orientation. The literature on oncology camping, both empirical and anecdotal, is examined and relevant studies cited. Overview: The selection of volunteers, the benefits of the oncology camp experience, and a training model are discussed. It is the contention of the author that camp volunteers need an orientation for working with the campers, one that incorporates both a developmental framework and a perspective that highlights capacity and strength. Both orientations are explored, and their applications are highlighted. Clinical implications: The training of volunteers is a critical aspect of the oncology camp. In almost all oncology camps, volunteers form the staff complement. As such, their training and orientation to the campers is central to the summer experience for campers, volunteers, and staff. Administrators and camp directors are urged to incorporate some of the suggestions offered in this report to help ensure a positive summer experience.
IFL1, a Gene Regulating Interfascicular Fiber Differentiation in Arabidopsis, Encodes a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Protein

Arabidopsis inflorescence stems develop extraxylary fibers at specific sites in interfascicular regions. The spatial specification of interfascicular fiber differentiation is regulated by the INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 (IFL1) gene because mutation of that gene abolishes the formation of normal interfascicular fibers in Arabidopsis stems. To understand further the role of IFL1 in the specification of fiber differentiation, we cloned the IFL1 gene by using a positional cloning strategy. Sequence analysis showed that the IFL1 gene encodes a transcription factor that has the same features as a family of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins found only in plants. The predicted IFL1 protein is composed of three distinct domains, including a 60-amino acid HD at the N terminus followed by a 28-amino acid ZIP motif and a 724-amino acid C-terminal region. A nuclear targeting assay showed that IFL1 is able to direct a beta-glucuronidase fusion protein into the nucleus, which is consistent with IFL1's presumed function as a transcription factor. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the IFL1 gene is expressed in the interfascicular regions in which fibers differentiate, which is consistent with its role in the control of interfascicular fiber differentiation. Furthermore, the IFL1 gene was shown to be expressed in the vascular regions, indicating its possible role in the regulation of vascular tissue formation. This possibility is supported by the observation that differentiation of both xylary fibers and vessel elements is altered in the vascular bundles of ifl1 mutants. Our results provide direct evidence that an HD-ZIP protein plays a role in the spatial control of fiber differentiation.
Molecular chaperones throughout the life cycle of the androgen receptor

Aberrant signaling by the androgen receptor contributes to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The involvement of molecular chaperones in the processes of folding, activation, trafficking, and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor provide different points along the signaling axis where regulation of androgen receptor activity can be hijacked to provide growth signals for clonal selection in cancer progression. Evidence exists of abnormal chaperone expression that could contribute to the upregulation of AR activity in prostate tumors. Regardless of whether chaperones are involved in the causation of prostate carcinogenesis, molecular chaperones provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Historical and Systematic Theology in the Mirror of Church History: The Lessons of “Ordination” in Sixteenth-Century Saxony

Leopold von Ranke is probably best known for his dictum that written history must mirror the past wie es eigentlich gewesen. Practicing historians nonetheless know that even the greatest masters of their craft inevitably bring their own histories with them to their work. As a case in point, two decades ago Robert M. Kingdon observed in his address as incoming President of the American Society of Church History that students of the Catholic Reformation tend to focus their attention on institutions and practices, while Protestants and Lutherans in particular give center stage to the history of doctrine.' Both, faithful to their own traditions, therefore produce a church history manque that would benefit from combining the methods, presuppositions, and findings of the two approaches. Without in any way intending to do so, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (hereafter ELCA) and the Episcopal Church USA (Hereafter ECUSA) devoted nearly the final quarter of the twentieth century to providing scholars a case study of Professor Kingdon's observation, about Lutherans in particular. The matter at hand is a gradual development that began with sufficient consensus on Christ's physical presence in the elements of the Lord's Supper to allow what was called interim pulpit and altar fellowship between the two churches. A series of dialogues followed, and in 1996 a proposed "Concordat" emerged that was then forwarded to the general assemblies of each side a year later. It passed both houses of the ECUSA meeting, but narrowly failed to achieve the required two-thirds majority at the church wide assembly of the ELCA, which returned it for renegotiation. The objective was what had come to be termed "full communion," a relationship that fell just short of a full merger between the two
Computer Simulation Studies of Solvation Dynamics in Mixtures

Solvation dynamics (SD) in liquid mixtures often occurs on a slower time scale than predicted on the basis of the mixture dielectric properties. In onecomponent polar liquids, the SD mechanism is dominated by reorientation of solvent molecules in response to the change in solute charge distribution. If the solute polarity changes upon electronic excitation, the mixed solvent response includes a change in local composition. SD in mixtures will usually depend on the time scale of this process. The relative importance of the solvent redistribution step varies with solvent component polarity, composition, the extent of change in preferential solvation and other factors. Considerable progress towards understanding SD in mixtures has been made in recent years, through experiments, computer simulation and theory. I will review some of the recent results, focusing primarily on computer simulation studies.
A Novel Tool Improves Existing Estimates of Recent Tuberculosis Transmission in Settings of Sparse Data Collection

In any setting, a proportion of incident active tuberculosis (TB) reflects recent transmission (“recent transmission proportion”), whereas the remainder represents reactivation. Appropriately estimating the recent transmission proportion has important implications for local TB control, but existing approaches have known biases, especially where data are incomplete. We constructed a stochastic individual-based model of a TB epidemic and designed a set of simulations (derivation set) to develop two regression-based tools for estimating the recent transmission proportion from five inputs: underlying TB incidence, sampling coverage, study duration, clustered proportion of observed cases, and proportion of observed clusters in the sample. We tested these tools on a set of unrelated simulations (validation set), and compared their performance against that of the traditional ‘n-1’ approach. In the validation set, the regression tools reduced the absolute estimation bias (difference between estimated and true recent transmission proportion) in the ‘n-1’ technique by a median [interquartile range] of 60% [9%, 82%] and 69% [30%, 87%]. The bias in the ‘n-1’ model was highly sensitive to underlying levels of study coverage and duration, and substantially underestimated the recent transmission proportion in settings of incomplete data coverage. By contrast, the regression models’ performance was more consistent across different epidemiological settings and study characteristics. We provide one of these regression models as a user-friendly, web-based tool. Novel tools can improve our ability to estimate the recent TB transmission proportion from data that are observable (or estimable) by public health practitioners with limited available molecular data.
More data, less information? Potential for nonmonotonic information growth using GEE.

ABSTRACTStatistical intuition suggests that increasing the total number of observations available for analysis should increase the precision with which parameters can be estimated. Such monotonic growth of statistical information is of particular importance when data are analyzed sequentially, such as in confirmatory clinical trials. However, monotonic information growth is not always guaranteed, even when using a valid, but inefficient estimator. In this article, we demonstrate the theoretical possibility of nonmonotonic information growth when using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate a slope and provide intuition for why this possibility exists. We use theoretical and simulation-based results to characterize situations that may result in nonmonotonic information growth. Nonmonotonic information growth is most likely to occur when (1) accrual is fast relative to follow-up on each individual, (2) correlation among measurements from the same individual is high, and (3) measurements are beco...
A Comparison between a Touchpad-Controlled High Forward Head-down Display (HF HDD) and a Touchscreen-Controlled Head-down Display (HDD) for In-Vehicle Secondary Tasks:

This study compared a touchpad-controlled High Forward Head-down Display (HF-HDD) and a conventional touchscreen Head-down Display (HDD) In-vehicle infotainment system (IVIS). These two systems dif...
‘Llorar amargamente’: Economies of Weeping in the Spanish Empire

Moteuczoma II is often portrayed in conquest histories authored in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as a vindictive and decisive tyrant who disintegrates into frightened, tearful resignation...
Analysis on Test Results of Infected HIV-1 Merger Syphilis and Hepatitis C in Northeast Area of Chongqing

OBJECTIVE To know infected with HIV-1 treponema pallidum(TP) and hepatitis c virus(HCV) infection status in the north-east of Chongqing,which would provide a scientific basis for HIV prevention and control and comprehensive treatment. METHODS Collect in 2010-2013,Chongqing northeast area infected with HIV-1 in serum samples of 1087 cases of TP antibody and HCV anti-body detection. RESULTS 1 087 patients infected with HIV-1,TP infection rate was 15.64%(170/1 087),HCV infection rate was6.26%(68/1 087),TP/HCV mixed infection rate was 1.29%(14/1 087). In infected HIV-1,TP infection rate is higher than the HCVinfection rate(P0.05),TP and HCV infection rate among men than women. CONCLUSION Tended to be merger syphilis infectionwith HIV and hepatitis c infection,treatment of HIV infected people at the same time,HIV infection with hepatitisc,syphilisshould be fully considered the effects on the body.
Research and Implementation of Big Document Courseware Upload Base on .NET

The paper analyzes the steps, the principle and the commonly-used function of document upload in two ways, and combines network multimedia courseware characteristics, giving the synchronized pattern algorithm of reading while writing and the document division asynchronous pattern algorithm.
Prostate Specific Antigen as an Outcome Variable for T1 and T2 Prostate Cancer Treated by Radiation Therapy

AbstractBetween 1987 and 1991, 269 patients with clinical stage T1 or T2, NO or Nx adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent external beam radiation therapy as the sole initial treatment and were followed with serial prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels for 9 to 73 months (mean 33, median 30). Of the patients 26 had clinical evidence of disease relapse, 58 had an increasing PSA profile and 62 had either relapse or an increasing PSA. The actuarial incidence of increasing PSA was 30% at 5 years and the incidence of relapse or increasing PSA was 36% at the same time. With relapse or increasing PSA level as an end point, pretreatment PSA level, Gleason grade and serum prostatic acid phosphatase level were individually significant covariates. However, in multivariate analysis only pretreatment PSA level was significant. The 5-year actuarial rates of relapse or increasing PSA according to pretreatment PSA level were 4 ng./ml. or less—14%, greater than 4 to 10 ng./ml.—33%, greater than 10 to 30 ng./ml.—55% and ...
A View from the Gorge

Wilson’s model of acetylcholinesterase viewed the active center as an anionic site within a defined distance from a nucleophilic serine (1). This model was quite simple; it coincided with chemical intuition of the time; and it was enormously successful in affording a structural basis for the development of potential inhibitors, both covalent and noncovalent. One class of molecules developed on this basis was the family of closely related cationic oximes that reactivate the organophosphonyl conjugates of AchE.
Application Of The Map Principle To Estimation Of Image Motion

Pel motion estimation is viewed as a nonlinear demodulation problem In which the intensity signal, s(x), displacement vector waveform, P.(x), and the noises n1(a), n2(x) are all modeled as sample f...
Musil’s «On Stupidity». The Artistic and Ethical Uses of the Feminine Discursive

Robert Musil’s 1937 address «Uber die Dummheit» navigated a challenging subject in a treacherous climate for free speech and simultaneously affirmed Musil’s conception of the necessary symbiosis of aesthetics and ethics. This paper argues for a reading of the address and its preparatory notes wherein Musil’s gendered «Stupidity» ( Die Dummheit) represents the ethical role of the artist, as poetic, non-conscripted voice – and, thus, of Musil himself – in a period of totalitarian brutality and linear «final solutions».
The Buildup and Inmate Release

What are we doing about all the people coming out of prison? A natural consequence of the prison buildup is the record number of inmates released from the nation's prisons, now on the order of 670,000 per year. Political leaders, criminal justice practitioners, and researchers from diverse policy areas have raised alarm about the effects of this flow on communities. As we discuss in this chapter, inmate release is interconnected with crime, the number and characteristics of those incarcerated, and with prison conditions, the consequences of mass incarceration considered in previous chapters. Studies consistently show that almost two-thirds of the prisoners released from state and federal prisons are rearrested, and two-fifths are reincarcerated within 3 years of release. In tandem with the concern for public safety is a concern for quality of life in the poor and disadvantaged neighborhoods where prisoners return in large concentration. Diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and mental health problems among prisoners constitute a sizable percentage of all cases in the U.S. population. Ex-prisoners crowd homeless shelters and have intertwined education, employment, housing, family, and health needs that tax government agencies, as well as the private and nonprofit organizations that provide services in these areas. Encouraged by $100 million in grants issued by the federal government in 2002, initiatives are being mounted across the United States to improve prisoner reentry. Research has described the social and economic costs of poorly prepared and poorly supervised ex-prisoners.
Consumer Culture Theory and the AMA Job Market: Understanding the Challenges and Crafting Winning Strategies

Abstract Purpose This paper outlines the key discussion points and ideas generated at the job market roundtable at CCT Arkansas. The session was put together to discuss both immediate short-term solutions to improve PhD candidates’ hiring potential as well as longer-term institutional opportunities that could strengthen the reputation of CCT and foster more favorable job market conditions. Methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper primarily built on collaborative insights from the roundtable session’s participants. Findings We outline the current structure of hiring within marketing academia and offer insights and best practices for increasing an applicant’s chances of gaining a placement. We also identify long-term structural reforms and opportunities that could increase the recognition of CCT research, and help foster conditions more conducive to CCTers seeking academic placements. The recommendations for candidates and the CCT community highlight the importance of building non-CCT networks, effectively positioning and communicating research, and leveraging the benefits a CCT theoretical perspective can bring to marketing departments. Originality/value Most papers on academic hiring processes are descriptive in nature and concentrated on the job market’s structure. This paper adds to this conversation, straddling issues of structure and agency. It critically revisits the structure of hiring, and also discusses practices a candidate can employ to navigate the hiring process, and institutional tactics CCT could undertake to create a stronger brand and network structure. Though the emphasis in this work is on CCT candidates, we suspect such an analysis is also useful for PhD candidates elsewhere and nonmainstream marketing groups.
Unsupervised fuzzy-membership estimation of terms in semantic and syntactic lexical classes

The objective of this research is to discover fuzzy semantic and syntactic relationships among English words at various levels of abstraction without using any other sources of semantic or syntactical reference information (e.g. dictionaries, lexicons, grammar rules, etc...) An agglomerative clustering algorithm is applied to the co-occurrence space formed by subsets of target words and training words the output of which is a set of semantic or syntactic classes. The fuzzy-relationships (membership coefficients) between test words and the semantic and syntactic classes are estimated by the non-negative least-squares solution to the system of linear equations defined. Experiments using raw text in 218 unrelated novels have yielded promising results. It is expected that larger and/or more narrowly focused training sets would yield even better and more diverse results.
Editorial: Reflux and Laryngeal Symptoms: A Sea of Confusion

Abstract: Chronic laryngeal symptoms are often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease based on nonspecific testing by laryngoscopy resulting in overdiagnosis of this condition. Identifying optimal means by which we can diagnose reflux in patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms is an unmet clinical area. One such technique might be measurement of oropharyngeal acid exposure employing a novel pH monitoring device. We outline the strengths and limitations of this new technology relative to the observational cohort study by Yadlapti et al. published in this issue of the Journal.
Vietnamese Students' Perception and Loyalty towards an Image of Vocational Education and Training

Stakeholders’ perceptions towards a career in vocational education and training (VET) in Vietnam negate the country’s industrial development plan. During the last 15 years, the Vietnamese Governments investment in to the sector increased annually. However, parents and their children still pursue the goal of higher education via the mainstream rather than a career path way using the vocational education and training system. Although stereotypical views of vocational students are being challenged, Confucian ideology maintains some influence over stakeholders’ educational decisions leading to the sustained popularity of higher education. This study explores the perceptions of students on the image of and their loyalty towards vocational education and training. A sample of 300 lower secondary school, 300 upper secondary school, and 300 vocational students was drawn from across the Northern and Southern regions of Vietnam. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data and mean analysis conducted to explore the data. The findings indicate that agreement with statements about facilities and equipment, teacher’s ability, curriculum, and soft skills are the clearest indicators of enhanced perceptions about the image of vocational education and training. Encouragement from parents appears most influential to positively affecting lower secondary students’ loyalty. Unexpected was that vocational students had less interesting continuing in vocational education and training compared to lower and upper secondary school students inclination towards a career in VET. First-hand experience seemingly leads to diminished perceptions and loyalty towards vocational education.
Effects of Agent Transparency on human-autonomy teaming effectiveness

Two human factors studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of intelligent agents' user interfaces that were designed based on the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model. Results show that agents' transparency (based on the SAT model) can benefit operator performance and support proper calibration of trust in the agents. Increasing levels of transparency enhanced operator's perceived trust in the agents, but only to a degree. When uncertainty was added to the interface, operator's trust did not further increase. Finally, the subjective workload data suggest that the benefits of increasing agent transparency do not have to be associated with higher levels of operator workload.
Analysis of survival with modified docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil (mDCF), and bevacizumab (BEV) in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal (GE) adenocarcinoma: Results of a phase II clinical trial

4512 Background: Metastatic GE cancer is an aggressive disease with poor patient (pt) outcomes. Despite response rates of 30–60% to combination chemotherapy, response duration is usually 4–6 mo and 24-mo survival is 5–10%. The addition of BEV to chemotherapy has improved survival in several solid tumors, and has demonstrated encouraging activity in GE cancer (Shah et al, JCO 2006). We report mature tolerability and efficacy results of mDCF+BEV in GE cancer, with an emphasis on prolonged pt survival. Methods: Previously untreated metastatic GE pts with adequate end organ function received BEV 10mg/kg, Docetaxel 40mg/m2, FU 400mg/m2, Leucovorin 400mg/m2 on day 1, FU 1000 mg/m2/day x 2 days IVCI, and Cisplatin 40mg/m2 on day 3. Treatment is repeated every 14 days without prophylactic growth factor support. The primary objective is to improve 6-month progression free survival (PFS) from 43% (historical DCF control) to 63% with the addition of BEV. Target accrual is 44 evaluable pts, with 10% type I & II error...
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with the Lowest Self-Discharge and the Longest Shelf life

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising as a next-generation energy-storage device because their energy density is higher than that of current Li-ion technology. However, in comparison to Li-ion batteries, Li–S batteries encounter much faster self-discharge and shorter shelf life. Unfortunately, the lack of literature against the realities of severe self-discharge makes developing a practically viable Li–S technology a daunting challenge. We present here low self-discharge (LSD) Li–S batteries that have the lowest self-discharge constant of 0.0022 per day and the longest shelf life of one year. The superior electrochemical stability of the LSD Li–S batteries is reflected in a low capacity-fade rate of only 0.14% per day over the extended experimental time period. In addition, an analysis of the Li–S articles investigating the self-discharge effect in the literature reveals that the LSD Li–S batteries presented here offer a greater than 12-fold improvement in the cell shelf life with good cycling sta...
Abstract 2493: Identification of the mutant p53-PARP-MCM chromatin axis as a triple negative breast cancer replication stress target

Approximately 15% of all breast cancer is triple-negative and of these about 80% are found to have mutations in the gene for the tumor suppressor p53 (TP53). Many TP53 mutations encode gain-of-function oncogenic mutant p53 (GOF mtp53) protein. We used inducible knockdown of endogenous GOF mtp53 in MDA-MB-468 cells in conjunction with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and subcellular fractionation. We sequenced over 70,000 total peptides for chromatin and cytoplasmic reciprocal data sets and were able to identify 3,010 unique cytoplasmic fraction proteins and 3,403 unique chromatin fraction proteins. We found that the heterohexomeric minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex (MCM 2-7) along with PARP are high mtp53-chromatin associated pathways. When we depleted R273H mtp53 we found a large reduction of the amount of MCM complex and PARP proteins on the chromatin. Furthermore a direct mtp53-MCM2 interaction was detected. Overexpressed mtp53, but not wild type p53, showed a protein-protein interaction with MCM2 and MCM4. We treated cells with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib and the alkylating agent temozolomide and detected synergistic activation of apoptosis only in the presence of functional MCM2-7 and mtp53. The mtp53-PARP-MCM axis has potential use as a therapeutic and diagnostic target. Citation Format: Wei-Gang Qiu, Alla Polotskaia, Gu Xiao, Lia Di, Yuhan Zhao, Wenwei Hu, John Philip, Ronald Hendrickson, Jill Bargonetti. Identification of the mutant p53-PARP-MCM chromatin axis as a triple negative breast cancer replication stress target [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2493
Rabbit IOP and Vitreous, Lens and Aqueous Weights after Various Diuretics and Water Loading Test. The Influence of Optic Nerve Transection

The effect of osmotic and non-osmotic diuretics (mannitol, urea, glycerol, furosemide and acetazolamide) and water loading test on IOP and the weight of vitreous, lens and aqueous of frozen rabbits’ eyeballs was studied. It was shown that all the administered diuretics resulted in reduction (or elevation) of either intraocular pressure or weight of vitreous, lens and aqueous humor, but in different percentages and time course. This relation (IOP/weight) was found to be analogous but not completely linear. The same procedures repeated after unilateral retrobulbar optic nerve transection and sham operation on the fellow eye.
Role of Epidural and Radicular Veins in Chronic Back Pain and Radiculopathy

Although the pattern and major components of the human medullary arterial supply were widely known by the end of the nineteenth century, the details of the associated venous circulation were generally ignored. Despite Brechet’s (1) quite accurate description and later depiction of the complexity of the spinal venous system, published in 1835 (Fig.1), the ubiquity and variability of its ramifications evidently discouraged further consideration beyond the comprehension that the veins collectively served as collateral channels to the caval and azygos systems. Another factor that may have contributed to the general disregard of the anatomical particulars of these channels may have been related to their structural delicacy. The thinness and transparency of their walls render them almost invisible during conventional cadaver dissections unless they show postmortem evidence of congestion or are specifically filled with a contrast medium. Clemens (2) noted that these vessels were quite pliable, which permitted considerable distension under collateral load. Thus, the Queckenstedt maneuver, which tests the patency of the spinal subarachnoid space by compression of the jugular or intra-abdominal veins, causes an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure by an external compression from the expansion of the collaterally loaded epidural plexus. Clemens also postulated that a passive congestion of the spinal cord was prevented by minute valves in the proximal sources of the radicular veins that drain the spinal cord, a unique situation considering that none of the other sinus veins possess valves.
Technology-Assisted Behavioral Intervention to Extend Sleep Duration: Development and Design of the Sleep Bunny Mobile App

Background: Despite the high prevalence of short sleep duration (29.2% of adults sleep 25). Methods: All participants had habitual sleep duration <6.5 hours verified by 7 days of actigraphy. A total of 6 individuals completed initial user testing in the development phase, and 2 participants completed field testing. Participants in the user testing and field testing responded to open-ended surveys about the design and utility of the app. Participants in the field testing completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and also wore an actigraph for a 1-week baseline period and during the 4-week intervention period. Results: The feedback suggests that users enjoyed the wearable sleep tracker and found the app visually pleasing, but they suggested improvements to the notification and reminder features of the app. The 2 participants who completed the field test demonstrated significant improvements in sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: Further testing is needed to determine effects of this intervention in populations at risk for the mental and physical consequences of sleep loss. [JMIR Ment Health 2018;5(1):e3]
Wholesale electricity pricing in the presence of geographical load balancing

Power management in data centers is becoming an increasingly important issue. Geographical load-balancing (GLB) is one such power management method, which exploits data centers' workload flexibility and spatial diversity to minimize electricity cost. However, conventional wholesale electricity market clearing mechanisms would face many challenges in the presence of the GLB, particularly with regards to bidding and market clearing. We showcase that electricity prices can be unstable when employing dynamic pricing programs that are not properly updated to account for the coupled nature of these infrastructure systems. This instability leads to supply/demand imbalances which may require costly compensation from the real-time market. In addition, it can increase the required reserve margins of the power grid. To address this issue, we provide a distributed market clearing algorithm that overcomes these challenges in the presence of GLB.
Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Infants with Turner Syndrome: Possible Association with Monosomy X and KDM6A Haploinsufficiency

Background: Previous case reports have suggested a possible association of congenital hyperinsulinism with Turner syndrome. Objective: We examined the clinical and molecular features in girls with both congenital hyperinsulinism and Turner syndrome seen at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) between 1974 and 2017. Methods: Records of girls with hyperinsulinism and Turner syndrome were reviewed. Insulin secretion was studied in pancreatic islets and in mouse islets treated with an inhibitor of KDM6A , an X chromosome gene associated with hyperinsulinism in Kabuki syndrome. Results: Hyperinsulinism was diagnosed in 12 girls with Turner syndrome. Six were diazoxide-unresponsive; 3 had pancreatectomies. The incidence of Turner syndrome among CHOP patients with hyperinsulinism (10 of 1,050 from 1997 to 2017) was 48 times more frequent than expected. The only consistent chromosomal anomaly in these girls was the presence of a 45,X cell line. Studies of isolated islets from 1 case showed abnormal elevated cytosolic calcium and heightened sensitivity to amino acid-stimulated insulin release; similar alterations were demonstrated in mouse islets treated with a KDM6A inhibitor. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a higher than expected frequency of Turner syndrome among children with hyperinsulinism. Our data suggest that haploinsufficiency for KDM6A due to mosaic X chromosome monosomy may be responsible for hyperinsulinism in Turner syndrome.
Beyond the Body of Knowledge: A Knowledge-Flow Approach to Project Management Theory and Practice:

Much of the theory associated with project management is explicitly organized according to taxonomic bodies of knowledge (BOK). Although such BOK are conceptually simple and easily disseminated, th...
Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions

Better understanding of the underlying principles of tumor biology and immunology, enhanced by recent insights into the mechanisms of immune recognition, regulation, and tumor escape has provided new approaches for cancer immunotherapy. This article reviews the current status and future directions of cancer immunotherapy, with a focus on the recent encouraging results from immune-modulating antibodies and adoptive cell therapy.
Sex Role Differentiation in Brood Defense by a Nicaraguan Cichlid Fish, Amphilophus xiloanensis

Abstract. Brood defense behaviour of parental Midas cichlids, Amphilophus xiloaensis, was observed in Lake Xiloa, Nicaragua. The research was conducted during two study periods separated by 22 years, 1972–73 and 1995. Role-differentiation was observed between the male and female during brood defense. The male defended the territory from adult conspecifics, while the female defended the brood from predators. These observations were consistent in two different study periods 22 years apart and at two different locations within the lake. Attack rates increased as the brood matured, contradicting laboratory findings on this species. These findings reinforced the use of brood defense behavior as a possible diagnostic tool to differentiate sibling species. The pattern of brood care and role differentiation remained stable over many generations, and should be a useful character for distinguishing sibling species.
The Ethics of Tax Evasion: An Islamic Perspective

Tax structures, tax systems, and tax policies are among the most important factors affecting economic and social affairs of any society. At the same time, the public’s reaction to them, specifi cally the public attitudes regarding tax evasion and tax avoidance, can substantially infl uence these systems and policies to the point of either facilitating and promoting or undermining and defeating their original purposes and intentions. In all societies, while tax avoidance is permitted, evasion of taxes is illegal. Tax evasion, however, is probably a practice as old as taxation itself (Adams, 1993 ). The relevant point, nonetheless, is when if ever, different people evade taxation and view their behavior to be ethically justifi ed. A correlated question is determination of the degree that culture or ideology infl uences attitudes toward tax evasion.
Treatment of pilonidal disease by minimal surgical excision under local anesthesia with healing by secondary intention: Results in over 500 patients.

Background The surgical treatment of pilonidal disease is highly variable. The present study examines the long-term results in over 500 patients treated by minimal but complete surgical excision under local anesthesia with healing by secondary intention using moist dressings. Methods Records of all patients I treated for pilonidal disease from 1978 to 2015 with at least 1 year of follow-up were reviewed. Symptoms, prior surgical treatments, extent of disease, number of clinic visits, length of time until wound healed, compliance with wound care instructions, and length of follow-up were recorded. Results Records were found for 570 patients; mean follow-up was 4.7 years. Two hundred forty-eight patients (44%) had a prior abscess requiring drainage; 80 had from 1 to 6 prior operations. Ninety-two percent of operations were performed under local anesthesia. Men had more extensive disease than women (5.2 vs 3.5 cm, P Conclusion The majority of patients with pilonidal disease can be managed by simple, minimal excision of affected tissue under local anesthesia with healing by secondary intention. With careful attention to wound care, morbidity is minimal and the recurrence or failure rate is less than 5%.
Social networks and substance use after transitioning into permanentsupportive housing.

Abstract Background Substance use disorders are common among persons experiencing homelessness, and research has identified social networks as important correlates of substance use in this population. Permanent supportive housing (PSH), particularly Housing First, which uses a harm reduction model not requiring substance abstinence, is a key solution for ending homelessness. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding the associations between moving into PSH and changes in substance use, and there is limited understanding of how networks may influence such changes. Methods Using observational, longitudinal data from 421 persons before they moved in and over their first year in PSH (collected as part of a HIV-risk study), this paper assesses substance use change (alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs) and associations between perceived network characteristics and individual substance use. Results Substance use remained relatively stable among participants over their first year living in PSH, although illicit substance use reduced somewhat at six months compared to baseline levels (from 18.5%–14.5%) and marijuana use increased slightly at 12 months (from 26.6% at baseline to 32.9%). Substance use among social network members was consistently associated with individual-level substance use, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Specific network substance use characteristics, such as proximity, location met, and social support, had differential relationships with particular substance types. Conclusions These findings provide longitudinal evidence that changes within substance-using social networks are associated with subsequent changes in individual use and underscore the importance of interventions aimed at promoting positive social relationships for formerly homeless persons and improving PSH’s social environments.
“Good Deeds Aren’t Enough”: Point Four in Iran, 1949–1953

Iran enjoyed some of the earliest fruits and efforts of the Point Four programme, an initiative borne out of President Harry Truman’s 1949 inaugural address. Over the last decade, a robust literatu...
Trajectories of Depressive Symptomatology and Loneliness in Older Adult Sexual Minorities and Heterosexual Groups.

ABSTRACTObjectives: This article examines whether sexual minority men and women experience greater increases in depressive symptoms and loneliness with age compared to heterosexual men and women.Me...
Magnetic ordering in a vanadium-organic coordination polymer using a pyrrolo[2,3-d:5,4-d′]bis(thiazole)-based ligand

Here we present the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid vanadium-organic coordination polymer with robust magnetic order, a Curie temperature TC of ∼110 K, a coercive field of ∼5 Oe at 5 K, and a maximum mass magnetization of about half that of the benchmark ferrimagnetic vanadium(tetracyanoethylene)∼2 (V·(TCNE)∼2). This material was prepared using a new tetracyano-substituted quinoidal organic small molecule 7 based on a tricyclic heterocycle 4-hexyl-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d:5,4-d′]bis(thiazole) (C6-PBTz). Single crystal X-ray diffraction of the 2,6-diiodo derivative of the parent C6-PBTz, showed a disordered hexyl chain and a nearly linear arrangement of the substituents in positions 2 and 6 of the tricyclic core. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that C6-PBTz-based ligand 7 is a strong acceptor with an electron affinity larger than that of TCNE and several other ligands previously used in molecular magnets. This effect is due in part to the electron-deficient thiazole rings and extended delocalization of the frontier molecular orbitals. The ligand detailed in this study, a representative example of fused heterocycle aromatic cores with extended π conjugation, introduces new opportunities for structure–magnetic-property correlation studies where the chemistry of the tricyclic heterocycles can modulate the electronic properties and the substituent at the central N-position can vary the spatial characteristics of the magnetic polymer.
Biometry in cataract surgery: a review of the current literature.

Purpose of reviewTo review the literature in 2017 and 2018 pertaining to biometry for cataract surgery and report pertinent findings.Recent findingsNew devices using swept-source ocular coherence tomography can measure axial length in dense cataracts more frequently than common biometers. Computer-a
Is Developmental Change in Gender-Typed Behavior Associated with Adult Sexual Orientation?.

The goal of this article was to examine gender-typed behavior longitudinally and to consider its relationship with sexual orientation in adulthood. Data were from 10,624 respondents who completed Wave 1 (adolescence), Wave 3 (emerging adulthood), and Wave 4 (early adulthood) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. First, we described the distributions of gender-typed behavior by adult sexual orientation at each of the three developmental stages. Next, we performed multilevel mixed regression models to assess longitudinal variation in gender-typed behavior from adolescence to adulthood within sexual orientation groups. Results showed that gender-typed behavior varied both within and between sexual orientation groups, as well as over time. For males, the differences in gender-typed behavior among the sexual orientation groups were relatively consistent at each stage, whereas differences in gender-typed behavior among sexual orientation groups varied more at each stage among females. Longitudinal models exhibited curvilinear patterns, such that gender-typed behavior strengthened from adolescence to early adulthood but peaked in emerging adulthood. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use population representative data to study gender-typed behavior both prospectively and at multiple time points from adolescence to adulthood, and to consider how such behavior is related to adult sexual orientation. This research contributes to a growing body of prospective literature on the link between gendered behavior and sexual orientation and provides further justification for more age- and cohort-specific measures of gender-typed behavior in future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Bridging large-scale neuronal recordings and large-scale network models using dimensionality reduction

A long-standing goal in neuroscience has been to bring together neuronal recordings and neural network modeling to understand brain function. Neuronal recordings can inform the development of network models, and network models can in turn provide predictions for subsequent experiments. Traditionally, neuronal recordings and network models have been related using single-neuron and pairwise spike train statistics. We review here recent studies that have begun to relate neuronal recordings and network models based on the multi-dimensional structure of neuronal population activity, as identified using dimensionality reduction. This approach has been used to study working memory, decision making, motor control, and more. Dimensionality reduction has provided common ground for incisive comparisons and tight interplay between neuronal recordings and network models.
Effect of HOBY Leadership Seminar on Self-Reported Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents

Civic engagement is important for the positive development of adolescents. As such, many youth development programs promote civic engagement, particularly community service and volunteerism. This report is a program evaluation of a youth leadership seminar that seeks to empower adolescents to engage in community service. Using a pre to post mixed-methods design, we evaluated 114 adolescent participants on several psychosocial outcomes. Findings indicated that participants experienced positive change that was consistent with program goals. Quantitative findings demonstrated self-reported increases in areas of cognitive autonomy, moral ideal and social responsibility. Qualitative findings included the important themes of an increased desire to volunteer, confidence, and positive feelings towards self. Implications of these findings and future directions are also discussed.
Real-Time Shape Determination and 5-D Fingerprinting of Single Proteins

This talk describes the use of electrolyte-filled nanopores to determine, simultaneously and in real time, the shape, volume, charge, rotational diffusion coefficient, and dipole moment of individual proteins. It introduces the main concepts for a quantitative understanding and analysis of modulations in ionic current that arise from rotational dynamics of single proteins as they move through the electric field inside a nanopore. The resulting multi-parametric information raises the possibility to characterize, identify, and quantify individual proteins and protein complexes in a mixture. This approach interrogates single proteins and determines parameters such as the shape and dipole moment, which are excellent protein descriptors and cannot be obtained otherwise from single protein molecules in solution. Therefore, this five-dimensional characterization of proteins at the single particle level has the potential for instantaneous protein identification, quantification, and possibly sorting with implications for structural biology, proteomics, biomarker detection, and routine protein analysis.
Holographic notch filter

Holographic notch filters (HNF) are replacing dielectric filters in certain optical systems that incorporate single line laser sources. HNF characteristics, physical structure, specification, benefits, and customer acceptance are described for laser spectroscopy and laser surgery applications.
In vivo evaluation of posterior eye elasticity using shaker-based optical coherence elastography.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease and becomes the leading cause of blindness. It is well established that early detection is the key to preservation of functio...