cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RSA: DOES DELTOID LENGTHENING CORRELATE TO IMPROVED PATIENT SATISFACTION AND ROM?

Introduction Recent literature has shown that RSAs successfully improve pain and functionality, however variability in range of motion and high complication rates persist. Biomechanical studies suggest that tensioning of the deltoid, resulting from deltoid lengthening, improves range of motion by increasing the moment arm. This study aims to provide clinical significance for deltoid tensioning by comparing postoperative range of motion measurements with deltoid length for 93 patients. Methods Deltoid length measurements were performed radiographically for 93 patients. Measurements were performed on both preoperative and postoperative x-rays in order to assess deltoid lengthening. The deltoid length was measured as the distance from the infeolateral tip of the acromion to the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus for both pre- and post- x-rays. For preoperative center of rotation measurements, the distance extended from the center of humeral head (estimated as radius of best fit circle) to deltoid length line. For postoperative measurements, the distance was from the center of glenosphere implant to deltoid length line. Forward flexion and external rotation was measured for all patients. Results The average preoperative deltoid length was 154.25 mm while the average postoperative deltoid measurements was 178.93 mm. The average preoperative center of rotation as 21.33 mm and the average postoperative center of rotation measurement was 46.75 mm. There was low correlation between deltoid length and center of rotation with either forward flexion or external rotation or outcome scores. Discussion Our results suggest that deltoid lengthening does not significantly influence optimizing clinical outcomes for RSAs. Further research is required to determine design parameters and implants positioning to improve RSAs.
Hypoglycemia Induced Cerebral Cortical Laminar Necrosis: A Case Report (P4.401)

Objective: To describe 68-year-old female with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed cortical laminar necrosis due to prolonged hypoglycemia and how MRI imaging will aid in prognosis. Background: Cortical laminar necrosis is permanent brain injury visualized as high intensity cortical lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies have shown that cerebral cortical laminar necrosis on MRI can be the result of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, immunosuppressive treatment, and prolonged focal status epilepticus. Here we report a patient who developed cortical laminar necrosis after prolonged hypoglycemia. Methods: This is a single case report of a patient with diffuse cerebral cortical laminar necrosis on diffusion weighted MRI due to profound hypoglycemic encephalopathy secondary to medication misuse. Results: T1-weighted MRI of the brain showed diffuse cortical enhancement throughout the frontal and parietal lobes, as well as the temporal lobes bilaterally. Additionally, there was evidence of associated diffuse cortical bright signal. These findings are consistent with cortical laminar necrosis. Conclusions: The areas of the brain most susceptible to injury after a hypoglycemic insult vary. However, the degree of the lesion can assist in prognosis. Cerebral cortical laminar necrosis may be used to aid in predicting poor prognosis of a patient after a hypoglycemic insult. Disclosure: Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Branson has nothing to disclose. Dr. McGeeney has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer, Lilly, Ortho-McNeil, Endo International, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pricara, PRI-MED and Primary Care Network.
General Relativistic Theory of Electromagnetism

In the general theory of relativity the event world is represented by the Minkowskian manifold C whose structure is determined by the distribution of the stress-energy-momentum tensors on C in accord with Einstein’s field equations. This distribution is dominated by its intrinsic part, which is due to the presence of proper mass in a material medium. The electromagnetic field, like the stress tensor field in a material medium, gives rise to only a small contribution in the stress-energy-momentum distribution. Hence we may regard the Minkowskian metric and the electromagnetic field as independent fields on C. In this sense the metrical structure and the orientation on C are determined to within an arbitrary change of gauge by the Maxwell-Lorentz ether relation. A rigorous theory of electromagnetism in the context of general relativity, however, must allow the electromagnetic field and the gravitational field to affect each other. One exact solution of the coupled system of electromagnetic field equations and gravitational field equations is summarized in the last section of this chapter.
Examination of Access and Equity by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in a Non-Traditional Leadership Development Programme in the United States.

ABSTRACTIn developing the next generation of school leadership, school districts across the United States and internationally must consider who is being promoted, the training they are able to access beyond traditional university degree work, the schools in which these emerging leaders enter their first principalships, and how prepared these new leaders are to succeed and remain in the role. This study explores international literature regarding school leader, particularly new leader, development, and placement. The study discusses what is happening internationally in terms of the gender distribution of school leaders and the literature of non-traditional leadership development. To explore gender, race, and ethnicity in hiring and promotion practices, the study employs the methodology of case study analysis. This case study analysis formed from a need to understand the changing dynamics of race, gender, and ethnicity in school leadership in four American school districts participating in a non-traditional...
Priming of Azabicycle Biosynthesis in the Azinomycin Class of Antitumor Agents.

The biosynthesis of the azabicyclic ring system of the azinomycin family of antitumor agents represents the “crown jewel” of the pathway and is a complex process involving at least 14 enzymatic steps. This study reports on the first biosynthetic step, the inroads, in the construction of the novel aziridino [1,2-a]pyrrolidine, azabicyclic core, allowing us to support a new mechanism for azabicycle formation.
Shock initiation of nano-Al/Teflon: High dynamic range pyrometry measurements

Laser-launched flyer plates (25 μm thick Cu) were used to impact-initiate reactive materials consisting of 40 nm Al particles embedded in TeflonAF polymer (Al/Teflon) on sapphire substrates at a stoichiometric concentration (2.3:1 Teflon:Al), as well as one-half and one-fourth that concentration. A high dynamic range emission spectrometer was used to time and spectrally resolve the emitted light and to determine graybody temperature histories with nanosecond time resolution. At 0.5 km s−1, first light emission was observed from Teflon, but at 0.6 km s−1, the emission from Al/Teflon became much more intense, so we assigned the impact threshold for Al/Teflon reactions to be 0.6 (±0.1) km s−1. The flyer plates produced a 7 ns duration steady shock drive. Emission from shocked Al/Teflon above threshold consisted of two bursts. At the higher impact velocities, the first burst started 15 ns after impact, peaked at 25 ns, and persisted for 75 ns. The second burst started at a few hundred nanoseconds and lasted u...
Strategies for Providing Cultural Competent Health Care for Hmong Americans

In the early 1980's the United States gave the Hmong preferred refugee status and a large number immigrated to the U.S. The Hmong refugees brought with them their language, social structure and customs, religious beliefs and rituals as well as their health care beliefs and practices. They were uprooted from their community and social supports and now live where the culture, language and socioeconomics are vastly different. Despite having learned a great deal about the Hmong culture over the last three decades, providing culturally competent health care for this unique group continues to be a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to enumerate the barriers to providing health care to Hmong Americans and share strategies to respect Hmong culture when providing quality health care. Emphasis is placed on building relationships based on trust and mutual respect. Cultural exchange is encouraged as well as the need for basic cultural awareness.
“GRASS” ROOTS IN TEXAS: A Multiple Streams Approach to Understanding the Marijuana Movement’s Policy Impact:

Several scholars have pointed to a gap between the social movement and policy literatures, and argue that the failure of each field to incorporate the other creates a missing link in our understand...
Development of an Expression Vector to Overexpress or Downregulate Genes in Curvularia protuberata.

Curvularia protuberata, an endophytic fungus in the Ascomycota, provides plants with thermotolerance only when it carries a mycovirus known as Curvularia thermotolerance virus (CThTV), and forms a three-way symbiotic relationship among these organisms. Under heat stress, several genes are expressed differently between virus-free C. protuberata (VF) and C. protuberata carrying CThTV (AN). We developed an expression vector, pM2Z-fun, carrying a zeocin resistance gene driven by the ToxA promoter, to study gene functions in C. protuberata to better understand this three-way symbiosis. Using this new 3.7-kb vector, five genes that are differentially expressed in C. protuberata—including genes involved in the trehalose, melanin, and catalase biosynthesis pathways—were successfully overexpressed or downregulated in VF or AN C. protuberata strains, respectively. The VF overexpression lines showed higher metabolite and enzyme activity than in the control VF strain. Furthermore, downregulation of expression of the same genes in the AN strain resulted in lower metabolite and enzyme activity than in the control AN strain. The newly generated expression vector, pM2Z-fun, has been successfully used to express target genes in C. protuberata and will be useful in further functional expression studies in other Ascomycota fungi.
Locations, Circumstances, and Outcomes of Falls in Patients with Glaucoma

Purpose To characterize the locations, circumstances, and outcomes of falls in patients with varying degrees of glaucoma. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Patients with suspected or diagnosed glaucoma completed monthly calendars reporting falls. After each fall, a 30-item questionnaire was administered to determine fall location, circumstances, and injury. Mean deviation on visual field (VF) testing was used to categorize glaucoma severity. Main outcome measures were fall locations, circumstances, and outcomes. Results One-hundred forty-two patients experienced 330 falls. Falls were most likely to occur in/around the home (71%), and this likelihood did not vary significantly with severity of VF damage (P > .2). The most commonly cited fall circumstances were tripping (43.6%), slipping (31.3%), uneven flooring (23.5%), and poor vision (15.9%). The circumstances related to falls did not vary by severity of VF damage (P > .2), except for poor vision, which was more frequently cited in individuals with more advanced VF damage (P = .001). Forty-three percent of falls resulted in some injury; and the likelihood of injury did not vary by severity of VF loss (P = .60) or any other factor except floor type and number of comorbidities (P .5 for all). Conclusions Glaucoma patients fall mostly in/around the home and demonstrate similar fall circumstances across the spectrum of disease severity, suggesting that current fall prevention interventions, particularly those emphasizing home modification, may be an adequate starting point to prevent falls in this high-risk-group.
Previous foot injuries associated with a greater likelihood of Achilles tendon ruptures in professional American football players.

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to build on current understanding of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in football through the examination of lower extremity injury rates (IR) in the season prior to AT rupture.Methods: An online review was conducted to document AT ruptures in the National Football League (NFL) from the 2010–11 through 2016–17 seasons. Player-specific information was gathered through the online search, injury reports, or video analysis. Injury incidence was recorded for each season. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. IRs per 1000 athlete-exposures with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CI were calculated to evaluate differences in IR with statistical significance established at p < 0.05.Results: From the 2010–11 to 2016–17 NFL seasons, 109 AT ruptures were identified. 36 athletes participated in the NFL the season prior and sustained a total of 40 injuries. Thirty-two (32/40, 80%) of the injuries involved ...
Future forestland area: impacts from population growth and other factors that affect land values.

Shifting patterns of land use in the United States are associated with many of today's environmental concerns. Land-use shifts occur because of relative changes in land rents, which are determined in part by financial returns in commodity markets. In recent decades, more than 3 million ac shifted annually in or out of US forest use. Cross amounts of land-use change are an order of magnitude larger than net changes. Between 1982 and 1997, a net amount of 3.6 million ac was added to the US nonfederal forest land base. Area of developed uses is projected to increase by about 70 million ac by 2030, with the largest percentage diverted from forests. All regions show substantial increases in developed area, with increases in population and personal income as key drivers. Forest area is projected to decline in two key timber supply regions, the South (-6.0 million ac) and the Pacific Northwest Westside (-1.9 million ac). Other regions having projected losses in forest area include the Northeast (-3.0 million ac), the Lake States (-1.2 million ac), and the Pacific Southwest (-0.6 million ac). Conditions in land markets reflect increased rents from residential and other uses of developed land, such that forests and forestland values will increasingly be influenced by development and its location.
Herpetofauna Occupancy and Community Composition along a Tidal Swamp Salinity Gradient

Occupancy patterns of herpetofauna in most tidal freshwater swamps are unknown. Tidal freshwater swamps currently face multiple threats, including salinization, which can influence their associated plant and animal communities. The impacts of salinization to herpetofauna communities in tidal freshwater swamps have not been assessed. To improve predictions regarding these herpetofauna, we conducted surveys in tidal freshwater swamps of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge located in South Carolina, USA, from March to June, 2016 and 2017, using a variety of methods. Goals included inventorying species, determining communities, examining microhabitat associations, and modeling occupancy to predict the impacts of salinity changes. We detected 8 species of amphibians and 12 species of reptiles in our surveys. Community analyses failed to detect patterns related to measured environmental variables. Species richness and diversity declined along the salinity gradient, but the observed patterns did not match our predictions and may instead be related to site-level heterogeneity. Microhabitat associations were detected for two amphibian species via occupancy analyses. Occupancy and regression analyses indicated soil salinity may be a factor affecting nine species’ occurrences. Amphibian detections may be affected by water depth, pH values, and weather conditions. These results expand our understanding of herpetofauna within an understudied, and threatened, wetland type.
Brief of Tax Law Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of the Department of Revenue of the State of Colorado in Department of Revenue of the State of Colorado v. Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Amici write to address specific matters of tax policy and history raised by this case. In particular, amici address 1) the history and justification for water’s edge combined reporting (the “water’s edge method”) and 2) the history and justification for the remedial provisions that are uniformly part of state corporate income taxes. As to the first issue, amici emphasize that the water’s edge method represents a deviation from sound tax policy arrived at as a political compromise between states, the federal government, and foreign entities. As such, the method should reflect the terms of that compromise and not be expanded to exclude a U.S.-based entity with no foreign activities — such as the subsidiary at issue in this case — from its unitary business’ combined reporting group. As to the second issue, amici write to explain that state remedial provisions, as a matter of policy, exist to ensure that deviations from sound tax policy required to make a tax system administrable are not permitted to significantly harm the state tax base. In this case, the taxpayer relies on a technical reading of Colorado’s tax laws to exclude a domestic member of its unitary business from its Colorado combined group. That reading, if correct, would visit substantial harm on the Colorado corporate income tax base, making this case a strong candidate for application of the state’s remedial provisions.
On the Probability Density Function of the Signal Strength in Free-Space Optical Communications Systems with Diversity Reception

We investigate the statistical characteristics of the signal power in a diversity reception (DR) free-space optics (FSO) communications systems. In this paper, the inverse-Gaussian (IG) probability density function (pdf) is proposed as a candidate pdf for modeling the statistical behavior of the sum of independent lognormal random variables, which is observed in DR-FSO systems under weak turbulence condition. It is shown here that the IG pdf offers a highly-accurate approximation of the lognormal sum (LNS) while offering a simple form factor, which leads to tractable error rate analysis of communication systems. This pdf requires the estimation of only 2 parameters, whereas the competing pdf models often require the estimation of 5 parameters. The previously proposed pdfs are often studied for the lognormal sum of large number of lognormal random variables $N (> 10)$. Furthermore, for small N, the accuracy of the previously proposed pdfs becomes suspect, whereas the IG pdf is shown to be very accurate for small values of N. The accuracy of the IG pdf is established using Hellinger distance (H- D), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, and Bhattacharyya distance (B-D). It is shown that the proposed pdf achieves a distance metric that remains less than $ 2\times 10^{-2}$ for values of $N\leq 5.$
Highly Cross-Linked Shape Memory Polymers with Tunable Oxidative and Hydrolytic Degradation Rates and Selected Products Based on Succinic Acid

Minimally invasive medical devices are of great interest, with shape memory polymers (SMPs) representing one such possibility for producing these devices. Previous work with low density, highly porous SMPs has demonstrated oxidative degradation, while attempts to incorporate hydrolytic degradation have resulted in rapidly decreasing glass transition temperature (Tg), ultimately preventing strain fixity of the materials at clinically relevant temperatures. Through esterification of the amino alcohol triethanolamine, an alcohol containing network was synthesized and incorporated into SMPs. These ester networks were used to control the bulk morphology of the SMP, with the Tg remaining above 37 °C when 50% of the alcohol was contributed by the ester network. This methodology also yielded SMPs that could degrade through both hydrolysis and oxidation; by oxidation, the SMPs degrade at a similar rate as the control materials (0.2%/day mass) for the first 30 days, at which point the rate changes to 3.5%/day until...
Unemployment and the

We study a model in which management and a union bargain over a rule that will later determine the level of employment, and over a wage. The government then chooses an output or an employment subsidy. An exogenous natural turnover rate in the unionized sector creates unemployment whenever the union wage exceeds the competitive wage. Government intervention can increase both the equilibrium amount of unemployment and worsen the intersectoral allocation of labour, because of the induced change in the endogenous wage. Unemployment weakens but does not eliminate the possibility of a "labour-management conspiracy."
Hybrid silicon-conductive oxide nanocavity modulators: toward atto-joule/bit energy efficiency (Conference Presentation)

With the exponential growth of bandwidth requirement of data centers and supercomputers, energy already limits our ability to process and communicate information. There is an urgent need to develop low-energy photonic devices and systems that can push the energy efficiency to attojoule/bit level. Traditional silicon photonic modulators rely on the plasma dispersion effect by free-carrier injection or depletion, which occupies a large footprint and consumes relatively high energy for optical interconnects. Here we report an ultra-compact hybrid silicon-conductive oxide electro-optic modulator with total device footprint of 0.6 × 8 μm2. The device was built by integrating voltage-switched transparent conductive oxide with one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal nanocavity. The active modulation volume is only 0.06 µm3, which is less than 2% of the lambda-cubic volume. The device operates in the dual mode of cavity resonance and optical absorption by exploiting the refractive index modulation from both the conductive oxide and the silicon waveguide induced by the applied gate voltage. Such a metal-free, hybrid silicon-conductive oxide nanocavity modulator also demonstrates only 0.5 dB extra optical loss, high E-O efficiency of 250pm/V, and low energy consumption of 3fJ/bit. In addition, we will discuss strategy to further improve the energy efficiency below 1fJ/bit and to achieve high-speed modulation above 10Gbps. The combined results achieved through the holistic design opened a new route for the development of next generation electro-optic modulators that can be used for future on-chip optical interconnects.
The Role of Congress in Decisions Relating to the Withholding of Medical Treatment from Seriously Ill Newborns.

In the past year several bills and resolutions have been introduced into the United States Congress that contain provisions for the protection of seriously ill newborns in our nation's hospitals. T...
Analysis of Interactions Between Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operations and Conventional Traffic in Urban Areas: Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Study for UAM Operations

This paper presents results on potential interaction effects from UAM (Urban Air Mobility) operations integrated into current operational scenarios by evaluating if/where/how Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) alerts are triggered on-board commercial aircraft. A range of operational scenarios are evaluated with combinations of UAM vehicle route, speed, altitude, and direction along the DFW (Dallas-Fort Worth) "spine route." The effect of UAM altitude uncertainty on the above is also explored. The analysis was done for both South flow and North flow configurations of DFW. When UAM operations are deterministic, no TCAS RAs (Resolution Advisories) are issued. However, UAM altitude uncertainties point out geographic areas of concern with the associated severity of interactions.
Immunological sequelae of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. II. Potentiation of cell-mediated response to BCG after infection with Trichinella spiralis.

Mice were infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis 14 days after intravenous administration of 4 × 106 viable BCG cells. Individual groups were tested for delayed hypersensitive footpad responses at 14, 20, 29, 57, or 85 days after T. spiralis infection. An initial suppression in the 14-day test group was observed; however, mice tested at later time intervals exhibited potentiation of the 24-h footpad reaction to old tuberculin over that elicited by appropriate controls. This suggested that T. spiralis induces a potentiation of the cellular immune response to BCG. Adoptive transfer studies support the cell-mediated nature of the observed footpad reaction and indicated that the initial suppression was not due to physiological factors preventing the expression of the footpad swelling reaction.
Emotional labor and sleep: The moderating effect of life satisfaction

Abstract This research note reports on the moderating effect of life satisfaction on the association between emotional labor and sleep of hotel workers. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, the research note reports on how general life satisfaction acts as a buffer between emotional labor and hours of sleep after work. The results indicate that when life satisfaction decreases, respondents reported that the more they engaged in emotional labor on a typical day, the less sleep they had after work; however, when life satisfaction increases, the negative effect of emotional labor on sleep became non-significant. This research note provides interesting insight into the conditional effects of emotional labor on hotel workers outside the workplace, and outlines practical applications for hotel managers.
Contemporary patterns and issues of school segregation and white flight in U.S. metropolitan areas: towards spatial inquiries

The geography of education issues has long been an under-researched area in geography literature. This article reviews studies on school segregation and white flight and emphasizes the importance of investigating these educational issues within U.S. metropolitan areas. We discuss the characteristics of school segregation and white flight as a consequence of contemporary educational policies and the increasing diversity of public school populations. In consideration of the intrinsic geographic nature of the aforementioned educational phenomena, we call for spatial social science research to explore new trends and patterns of white flight and school segregation in U.S. metropolitan contexts using advanced geospatial approaches as location-referenced educational data become increasingly available.
Thermodynamic modeling of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography isovolatility curves for second dimension retention indices based analyte identification.

A method to thermodynamically model the alkane isovolatility curves of a comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) separation is presented. This method omits all instrument modifications, additional chromatogram collection, or method alterations which typical isovolatility curve generation requires. Provided that the thermodynamic indices of reference alkanes are available, chromatographers only need to specify the GC × GC method parameters of their separation to output the isovolatility curves. The curves can then be used alongside reference retention indices to generate two dimensional retention times for each analyte. Agreement between the modeled and experimental retention times provides a secondary mechanism for compound identification, supporting the results of a mass spectral search. The technique was used to model the retention times of a GC × GC separation of aromatic hydrocarbons, achieving an average first dimension retention time modeling error of 11 s and an average second dimension retention time modeling error of 0.09 s. Retention indices modeled retention times provide a simpler analyte identification procedure compared to conventional two dimensional retention indices matching.
Water-food-energy challenges in India: political economy of the sugar industry

Sugar is the second largest agro-based industry in India and has a major influence on the country's water, food, and energy security. In this paper, we use a nexus approach to assess India's interconnected water-food-energy challenges, with a specific focus on the political economy of the sugar industry in Maharashtra, one of the country's largest sugar producing states. Our work underscores three points. First, the governmental support of the sugar industry is likely to persist because policymakers are intricately tied to that industry. Entrenched political interests have continued policies that incentivize sugar production. As surplus sugar has been produced, the government introduced additional policies to reduce this excess and thereby protect the sugar industry. Second, although the sugar economy is important to India, sugar policies have had detrimental effects on both water and nutrition. Long-standing government support for sugarcane pricing and sales has expanded water-intensive sugarcane irrigation in low-rainfall areas in Maharashtra, which has reduced the state's freshwater resources and restricted irrigation of more nutritious crops. Despite its poor nutritional value, empty-calorie sugar has been subsidized through the public distribution system. Third, the Indian government is now promoting sugar-based ethanol production. This policy has the benefit of providing greater energy security and creating a new demand for surplus sugar in the Indian market. Our analysis shows that a national biofuel policy promoting the production of ethanol from sugarcane juice versus directly from molasses may help reduce subsidized sugar for human consumption without necessarily expanding water and land use for additional production of sugarcane.
Factorizations in upper triangular matrices over information semialgebras

Abstract An integral domain (or a commutative cancellative monoid) is atomic if every nonzero nonunit element factors into atoms, and it satisfies the ACCP if every ascending chain of principal ideals eventually stabilizes. The interplay between these two properties has been investigated since the 1970s. An atomic domain (or monoid) satisfies the finite factorization property (FFP) if every element has only finitely many factorizations, and it satisfies the bounded factorization property (BFP) if for each element there is a bound for the number of atoms in each of its factorizations. These two properties have been systematically studied since they were introduced by Anderson, Anderson, and Zafrullah in 1990. Noetherian domains satisfy the BFP, while Dedekind domains satisfy the FFP. It is well known that, for commutative cancellative monoids (and, in particular, for multiplicative monoids of integral domains), FFP ⇒ BFP ⇒ ACCP ⇒ atomic. For n ≥ 2 , we show that each of these four properties transfers back and forth between an information semialgebra S (certain commutative cancellative semiring) and the multiplicative monoid T n ( S ) • consisting of n × n upper triangular matrices over S. We also show that a similar transfer behavior takes place if one replaces T n ( S ) • by its submonoid U n ( S ) consisting of upper triangular matrices with units along their main diagonals. As a consequence, we find that the atomic chain FFP ⇒ BFP ⇒ ACCP ⇒ atomic also holds for the two classes comprising the noncommutative monoids T n ( S ) • and U n ( S ) . Finally, we construct various rational information semialgebras to verify that, in general, none of the established implications is reversible.
Abstract A09: Characteristics of uveal melanoma patients with central nervous system metastases

In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from uveal melanoma are uncommon, occurring in less than 5% of uveal patients. There is no published literature describing the features or survival of this unique population. Here we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of uveal melanoma CNS metastasis patients. We performed an MD Anderson Cancer Center institutional database review from 1999–2017 for consecutive uveal melanoma patients with CNS metastasis. Excluding dural-based metastases, 19 patients were identified. Ethnic makeup was 84% White, 11% Hispanic, 5% other, and median age at diagnosis was 52.4 years. The gender distribution was 12 (63%) female and 7 (37%) male. Primary tumor location in the uveal tract was 26% choroid, 11% iridociliary, 5% chiliochoroidal, and 58% not otherwise specified. Seven of 19 (37%) patients were treated with enucleation; 63% received radiation therapy for primary uveal melanoma. Median interval from diagnosis of uveal melanoma to diagnosis of CNS metastasis was 5 years. Only 7 patients had molecular testing for mutations. Of these, all had G-alpha mutations: 4 (57%) with GNAQ, and 3 (43%) with GNA11 hotspot mutations in Q209. At the time of data cutoff, 14 of 19 (74%) patients were deceased. Additional clinical information regarding treatment for CNS metastasis, histopathologic evaluation, and overall survival will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sapna P. Patel, Patrick Hwu, Michael Davies, Michael Wong, Hussein Tawbi, Rodabe Amaria, Adi Diab, Dan Gombos, Isabella C. Glitza. Characteristics of uveal melanoma patients with central nervous system metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A09.
The White Racial Frame in Sport Media: Framing of Donald Trump and LaVar Ball’s Public Feud Following the UCLA Basketball Player Arrests in China:

This article utilizes the “white racial frame” to analyze the sport media coverage of the public feud between U.S. President Donald Trump and basketball celebrity entrepreneur, LaVar Ball. The feud...
Evaluating the Feasibility of Nondiffractive Bessel Beams for Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging: A Simulation Study

Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) has been developed to characterize the elasticity of tissue that B-mode imaging cannot. However, focused push beam has its limitation of short focal zone due to the diffraction of the wave. To improve the depth of push beam, we proposed a non-diffractive Bessel push beam induced shear wave method and used it in SWEI. In this work, a simulation study presents the superiorities of Bessel push beam over focused push beam. From the results, Bessel beam shows a larger beam depth than focused beam. Also, Bessel push beam improves the accuracy and contrast of shear wave speed images of homogeneous digital phantom. In addition, this work presents scaling factor of Bessel beam is the main parameter affecting the beam depth.
Unique Pain Management Needs for Pregnant Women with Pre-existing PTSD and Other Mental Health Disorders

This review describes how the presence of maternal mental health disorders influences peripartum pain. It provides practical guidance for tailored anesthetic plans that address the unique needs of pregnant women with such disorders. The role of maternal mental health conditions in the peripartum experience and postpartum course for the mother-baby dyad is an evolving area of interest in the current psychiatric and obstetric literature. It is only recently, however, that providers are beginning to understand how pre-existing maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or depression influences how these patients perceive pain during labor or cesarean section. There is, unfortunately, a lack of understanding and consistency in the approach to pain management for these patients. Emphasis on recognition of these unique patient needs and tailoring of peripartum pain management strategies is crucial in helping to achieve a positive birth experience and minimize increased postpartum mental health symptom severity and/or chronic pain for these patients. Peripartum pain during labor and/or surgical delivery can be influenced by a pre-existing history of mental health conditions. Specialized pain assessment and management strategies should accommodate the unique needs of these patients.
The relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes in behavioral health: a scoping review

First-level leadership is uniquely positioned to support evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation for behavioral health due to first-level leaders’ access to and relationship with service providers. First-level leaders are individuals who directly supervise and manage frontline employees who do not manage others. However, first-level leadership is underrepresented in existing reviews of the impact of leadership on EBP implementation. This review describes the relationship between first-level leadership and implementation determinants and outcomes. A scoping review was performed to synthesize the literature on the relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Eric, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. To be eligible, studies had to examine first-level leadership, be conducted in settings providing behavioral health services, and examine the relationship between first-level leadership and an implementation or inner-context outcome. Data extraction and synthesis were performed to describe study characteristics, leader-outcome relationships, and overlap in leadership frameworks. Twenty-one records met our inclusion criteria. Studies primarily relied on observational designs and were often cross-sectional. Studies more often examined general leadership rather than leadership strategically focused on EBP implementation (i.e., strategic implementation leadership). Our findings suggest that several forms of first-level leadership are inconsistently related to a broad set of implementation determinants, with infrequent examination of specific implementation outcomes. The broad set of implementation determinants studied, limited number of replications, and inconsistent findings have resulted in sparse evidence for any specific leadership-outcome relationship. The greatest accumulation of evidence exists for general leadership’s positive relationship with providers’ EBP attitudes, most notably in the form of transformational leadership. This was followed by evidence for strategic implementation leadership facilitating general implementation. Our synthesis revealed moderate conceptual overlap of strategic implementation leadership behaviors described in the theory of implementation leadership and theory of middle managers’ role in implementation. Our findings suggest that first-level leadership may play an important role in shaping implementation determinants and outcomes, but consistent empirical support is sparse and confidence dampened by methodological issues. To advance the field, we need studies that adopt stronger methodological rigor, address the conceptual overlap in leadership frameworks, examine a broader set of implementation outcomes, and examine conditions under which leadership impacts implementation. This review was not registered.
A Bi-directional Resonant Converter with Automatic Resonant Frequency Tracking for DC Transformer Operation

DC transformer plays an importance role in the DC microgrid applications, where the high frequency transformer is used to replace the traditional line frequency bulky transformer. Due to its high efficiency operation characteristic, the LLC resonant converter has been widely adopted in DC microgrid to operation as a DC transformer. For DC transformer operation, the LLC converter is operating at resonant frequency to achieve high efficiency. However, due to the circuit components variations, the LLC converter resonant frequency is varying with converter operation conditions. In addition, the aging effect will also make the components value variable. To ensure the resonant frequency operation for LLC converter, in this article, a simple yet effective resonant frequency tracking technique based on the unity gain characteristic is proposed for bi-directional LLC converter. The converter switching frequency is adjusted simply based on the comparison result between the measured voltage gain and unity.
The role of mechanics in biological and bio-inspired systems

Natural systems frequently exploit intricate multiscale and multiphasic structures to achieve functionalities beyond those of man-made systems. Although understanding the chemical make-up of these systems is essential, the passive and active mechanics within biological systems are crucial when considering the many natural systems that achieve advanced properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratios and stimuli-responsive adaptability. Discovering how and why biological systems attain these desirable mechanical functionalities often reveals principles that inform new synthetic designs based on biological systems. Such approaches have traditionally found success in medical applications, and are now informing breakthroughs in diverse frontiers of science and engineering.
Digital Image Processing and Analysis

New discoveries in the life sciences are often linked to the development of unique optical tools that allow experimental material to be examined in new ways. We as microscopists are constantly searching for new techniques for extracting even more optical information from the material we work with, as the subject of this book aptly demonstrates. It is not surprising then that microscopists have begun to turn to computer technology in order to squeeze more information from their experimental images. Computer processing can be used to obtain numerical information from the microscope image that is more accurate, less time-consuming, and more reproducible than the same operations performed by other methods. Computer processing can be used to enhance the appearance of the microscope image, for example to increase contrast or to reduce noise, in ways that are difficult to duplicate using photographic or video techniques alone. When used to their fullest power, digital image-processing techniques can be used to produce information about the optical image that cannot be obtained in any other way.
Consciousness and Computation

For sixty years physicists have struggled with the paradox of quantum measurement. However, despite a number of theoretical advances, rather little progress has been made toward resolution of the basic dilemma. The problem is one of physics versus phenomenology. According to quantum physics, no physical entity is ever in a definite state; the most one can ever say about a given entity is that it has certain probabilities of being in certain states. And yet, both in daily life and in the laboratory, things do sometimes appear to have definite states.
Conformation and Energetics of Supercoiled DNA: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Although DNA supercoiling has been known for years to be intimately associated with many aspects of transcription, replication, and recombination, the structure of superhelical DNA in solution has only recently begun to be understood. Because significant supercoiling requires a DNA molecule at least 1kb in size, high-resolution techniques such as X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy are not applicable. Much of the classical information about the structure of supercoiled DNA comes from hydro-dynamic and related techniques such as sedimentation, light-, X-ray-, and neutron-scattering. These techniques are sensitive to the large-scale polymer behavior of macromolecules reflected in quantities such as the mean chain radius, but give little insight into details of structure without a model for polymer-chain organization. Electron microscopy (EM) has been frequently used as a semiquantitative tool for examining the structure of supercoiled DNA; however, the images of superhelical molecules visualized by electron microscopy have only recently been quantitatively analyzed and reconciled with theoretical models (Boles et al. 1990). The interpretation of EM data requires assumptions about effects of heavy-metal staining, dehydration, shadowing, and the interaction of DNA with the grid surface, all of which are difficult to test. Gel electrophoresis is one potentially powerful technique that is highly sensitive to the topological state of a DNA molecule; however, the effect of supercoiling on electrophoretic mobility remains poorly understood.
Lymphocyte stimulation by a glycopeptide isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes C203S: II. Kinetics of the response☆

Abstract LTF, a glycopeptide obtained from Streptococcus pyogenes as originally prepared, is contaminated with other factors which are somewhat toxic to lymphocytes. When purified further on DEAE-cellulose chromatography, it was not toxic in a dose 2000 times that needed to cause discernible stimulation. The dose response was also very sharp, confirming a considerable degree of homogeneity. The initial responding population was low but some additional recruitment continued up to about 36 hr after which the increased uptake of 3 H-thymidine appears to have been due to increased numbers of daughter cells. The continuous presence of LTF is required for continued stimulation. Active LTF can be recovered from the supernatent while the washed cells may continue to synthesize RNA for a short period and DNA for a somewhat longer time, DNA synthesis continuing when RNA synthesis has essentially ceased. LTF would be classified as a nonspecific stimulant since it transforms umbilical cord blood cells and cells from all normal subjects tested; it is specific, however, in the sense that it gives no stimulation or very low levels of stimulation to hysterectomy-derived gnotobiotic piglets while adult pig cells are fully stimulated. The possibility of fetal exposure in humans is discussed. Cultures once stimulated with LTF become unresponsive by about 144 hr suggesting the induction of unresponsiveness in vitro with this agent. The LTF unresponsive cultures remain responsive, and may be hyperresponsive, to other stimulating agents.
Clinical relevance of quality of life in laryngomalacia.

Objectives/Hypothesis To examine aspects of laryngomalacia and correlate findings with quality of life (QOL). Study Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods Seventy-two patients with laryngomalacia were examined; the mean age was 8.8 weeks. Parents answered questions from the Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire–47 (ITQOL-SF47). Fiberoptic laryngoscopy and endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) were performed. The presence of laryngomalacia-associated characteristics and swallowing status were recorded. Patient age, sex, presence of reflux, clinical severity, anatomical findings, and swallowing results were evaluated through logistic regression. Independent sample t tests were used to compare responses on the ITQOL-SF47. Overall laryngomalacia ITQOL-SF47 scores were compared to the scores of a large healthy sample population. Results Forty-three (60%) patients had mild laryngomalacia, and 61 (85%) patients had findings suggesting gastroesophageal reflux disease. The most common abnormality was shortened aryepiglottic folds. Ten patients failed FEES. Patients with moderate laryngomalacia (χ[2] = 7.62; P = .006) or prolapsing cuneiforms (χ[2] = 4.79; P = .029) were more likely to fail FEES. Laryngomalacia severity impacted parental perception of their child's health (P < .05). Parents of children who demonstrated aspiration or penetration reported significant emotional impact (mean = 56.9; t = 2.74; P = .008). The mean ITQOL-SF47 scores of patients were significantly lower in certain sections than the reported general sample population. Conclusions Epiglottal prolapse correlated with severity of laryngomalacia and cuneiform prolapse with swallowing dysfunction. Perceptions of worsening health and physical ability were related to severity of disease. Swallowing dysfunction had a significant emotional impact on parental daily life. Infants with laryngomalacia have a lower QOL Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2015