cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isostatic uplift driven by karstification and sea-level oscillation: Modeling landscape evolution in north Florida

Isostatic uplift of tectonically stable, passive margin lithosphere can preserve a record of paleo-shoreline position by elevating coastal geomorphic features above the influence of nearshore wave activity. Conversely, depositional ages and modern elevations of these features can provide valuable information about the uplift history of a region. We present a numerical model that combines sea-level oscillation, subaerial exposure, a precipitation-karstification function, and isostatic uplift to explore the dynamic geomorphic behavior of coastal carbonate landscapes over multiple sea-level cycles. The model is used to estimate ages of coastal highstand depositional features along the Atlantic coast of north Florida. Numerical simulations using current best estimates for Pleistocene sea-level and precipitation histories suggest ages for Trail Ridge (1.44 Ma), the Penholoway Terrace (408 ka), and the Talbot terrace (120 ka) that are in agreement with fossil evidence. In addition, model results indicate that the rate of karstification (void space creation or equivalent surface lowering rate) within the north Florida platform is ∼3.5 times that of previous estimates (1 m/11.2 k.y. vs. 1 m/38 k.y.), and uplift rate is ∼2 times as high as previously thought (0.047 mm/yr vs. 0.024 mm/yr). This process has implications for landscape evolution in other carbonate settings and may play an underappreciated role within the global carbon cycle.
Polar ejection forces are operative in crane-fly spermatocytes, but their action is limited to the spindle periphery.

Laser microsurgery was employed to reveal kinetochore-independent forces acting on chromosome arms in crane-fly spermatocytes. When a portion of an arm situated along the interpolar axis between the equator and a pole was cut off, the resultant acentric fragment was transported poleward and outward into the peripheral domain of the spindle. If the fragment was generated well in advance of the onset of anaphase, then at the spindle periphery, it changed direction and moved away from the pole and back toward the equator. That domain-specific movement—poleward in the central spindle and away from the pole at the spindle periphery—not only provides the first evidence for polar ejection forces acting on acentric fragments in a meiotic system, but it is the first example of kinetochore-independent forces in both directions at the same stage of division. Sniglets generated by laser pulses directed at specific sites in the spindle revealed that the mechanism underlying ejection forces was specific to chromosomes. At anaphase onset, polar ejection forces ceased, and pole-directed forces took over. At that time, chromosome fragments that had been ejected to the equator moved poleward again, providing clear evidence for kinetochore-independent forces on chromosome arms during anaphase. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:16–26, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Teaching the Rescorla-Wagner model using STELLA-II

Although the Rescorla-Wagner model is widely taught in learning courses, most textbooks present a simplified version that does not contain all of its parameters. On the basis of Rescorla and Wagner 1972) and the Turbo PASCAL program by Lachnit, Schneider, Lipp, and Kimme! (1988), we created a simulation using STELLA-II, an icon-based program by High Performance Systems, Inc. We argue that this simulation facilitates teaching the complete Rescorla-Wagner model. Using trans-switching (Kimmel & Ray, 1978; Lachnit, 1986; Murrin & Kimmel, 1986) as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the STELLA-II version of the Rescorla-Wagner model as a heuristic tool.
Breaking News on Fragile Sites in Cancer

Chromosome rearrangements in B lymphocytes can be initiated by AID-associated double strand breaks (DSBs), with others arising by unclear mechanisms. A recent study by Barlow and colleagues in Cell reports on genomic regions, termed early replicating fragile sites, that may explain many AID-independent DSBs and creates a compelling link between replication stress, transcription, and chromosome rearrangements.
Evaluating the Evidence Base of Video Analysis: A Special Education Teacher Development Tool.

Special education teacher development is continually studied to determine best practices for improving teacher quality and promoting student learning. Video analysis is commonly included in teacher...
Measurements of multistrange baryon resonances in STAR at RHIC

A large fraction of particles emanating from high-energy particle collisions are often decay products of primary higher-mass resonances. A clear understanding of the feed-down contributions to the ground state spectra and yields is crucial to the understanding of primary particle dynamics. Also, comparison of Ξ 0 (1530)/Ξ 0 (1530) ratios from p+p to central Au+Au may provide information on the evolution of the collision system between chemical and thermal freeze-out. We present the first measurement of the E°(1530) baryon resonance at RHIC in both p+p and d+Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Invariant mass distributions are shown to demonstrate signal quality and the analysis technique is described. Raw Ξ 0 (1530)/Ξ 0 (1530) ratios are presented and compared to the Ξ + /Ξ - ratios from both systems as a function of transverse momentum.
Continuous and intermittent walking alters HDL2-C and LCATa

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if exercise, whether continuous (CE: completed all in one session) or intermittent (completed in either two (IE 2) or three (IE 3) exercise sessions) expending the same number of calories alters reverse cholesterol transport or low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Methods Sixteen healthy (22±2.1 year old) men (VO 2 max=37.0±3.3mL/kg/min) randomly completed three exercise trials, CE, IE 2 and IE 3, expending 450 calories. Blood samples were drawn immediately post-exercise (IPE) and 24 and 48h following exercise and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and subfractions (HDL 2 -C, HDL 3 -C). Samples were also analyzed to determine LDL-C particle size, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity (LCATa) and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity (CETPa). Results HDL 2 -C increased significantly 48h post-exercise in the CE and IE 2 groups. Additionally, the IE 3 group had significant increases in HDL 2 -C at 24 (39%) and 48h post-exercise by 66%. This change in HDL 2 -C was significantly and positively correlated ( r =0.62; p Conclusions The results of this study indicate that whether the exercise is continuous or intermittent, keeping calorie expenditure the same, causes significant changes in the HDL 2 -C subfraction, which was augmented by an increase in LCATa.
Relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater eigenvalues, radial expectation values, and potentials for atoms, 2 ≤ Z ≤ 126

Relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater wavefunctions have been calculated for all elements with Z = 2 to Z = 126. From these wavefunctions we have obtained, and present in tables, the eigenvalues and expectation values of r, 1/r, 1/r3, r2, and r4 for each orbital, the total energy of the atom and the total potential as a function of radius.
Pharmacotherapy of regional melanoma therapy.

Importance of the field: In-transit melanoma metastases develop within regional dermal and subdermal lymphatics before reaching the regional lymph nodes. The prognosis is poor and comparable to multiple nodal metastases. Isolated limb infusion (ILI) or perfusion (ILP) are effective treatments for unresectable, in-transit melanoma, with response rates reaching 95%. Although ILI and ILP are more effective than systemic therapy, most patients will recur, thus highlighting the need for newer strategies to improve durable response rates.Areas covered in this review: We review historical and current literature from 1958 to 2009 regarding regional therapy for melanoma, with focus on the ILI and ILP techniques, pharmacokinetics and resistance mechanisms of melphalan. Alternative therapies, adjunct strategies and new targeted therapies aimed at improving response rates and long-term remission are also discussed.What the reader will gain: The reader will gain a comprehensive review on regional pharmacotherapy for m...
Field-emission properties of sharp high-aspect-ratio gold cones formed via single pulse laser irradiation

High-aspect-ratio conical protrusions with nano-scale sharpness were fabricated by single-pulse laser irradiation of gold thin films. The structures were characterized by electron microscopy and their field-emission properties were examined through current vs. voltage measurements. The results of these measurements were used to estimate the geometrical enhancement factor, as well as the active emitting area of the microstructured surfaces. These parameters were also evaluated by numerical modeling and the results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Rat virus disease, an experimental model of neonatal hepatitis☆

Abstract Rat virus (RV) and H-1 virus manifest a unique virus-cell interaction. These small DNA-containing pantropic agents exhibit a selective affinity for cells with active DNA synthesis attending mitosis. Perinatal infections induce severe disturbances in development, determined by an attack, at critical phases of histogenesis, on tissues with deficient regenerative capacity. A salient sequel is the cerebellar hypoplasia resulting from destruction of the external germinal mantle during its intense postnatal growth phase. In the rat, the natural host, the liver is a prime target, where a primary cycle of extraneural replication occurs and where postnatal susceptibility and viral activity persist longest. The spectrum of RV and H-1 hepatitis includes: (1) an acute phase featured by intranuclear inclusions and necrosis of hepatocytes; (2) a subacute phase characterized by giant cell transformation with variable polyploidy, proliferation of intrinsic bile ducts, or a distorted adenomatoid pattern with large vascular lakes; and (3) postnecrotic stromal collapse with nodular hyperplasia. This unique virus-cell interaction offers new insights into the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, particularly an opportunity to study hepatitis of intrauterine or neonatal onset.
Hydroxyl Stretching Frequencies of Synthetic Ni-, Al-, and Mg-Hydroxy Interlayers in Expanding Clays*

nterlayers were produced in montmorillonite, vermiculite and hectorite in aqueous suspensions by precipitation from metal chloride salt, by hydrolysis of metal amalgams, and by slow hydrolysis of metal acetate during refluxing. In several systems an external phase of bayerite, gibbsite, or brucite was also formed. A prominent high frequency OH stretching vibration is associated with the interlayer in montmorillonites with approximate frequencies of 3660 cm -1 with nickel interlayers, 3690 cm -1 with aluminium interlayers and 3710 cm -1 with magnesium interlayers. Pleochroism studies indicate transition moment of interlayer OH to be at a relatively high angle to the planar surface of the clay crystals. Aluminium interlayers show some evidence of an additional weak absorption in the lower frequency region of 3570-3600 cm -1. In differential studies the lower frequency absorption is more evident and is shown to be unaffected by orientation. Techniques involving balancing of water deformation bands in differential spectra and D20 exchange suggest that it is not a water band. D~O flushing to remove water leaves the low frequency interlayer OH band more prominent in hectorite where the clay crystal OH is at 3680 cm -~. Deuteration studies show that fushing with D20 at room temperature removes water, and heating at 100~ in D20 vapor exchanges interlayer OH but not the clay crystal OH. Study of the OD stretching of the systems with deuterated interlayers supports observations made in the OH stretching bands.
A Brief Empirical Note on the Impact of Budget Deficits on the Real Municipal Bond Rate

This article empirically investigates the impact of the federal budget deficit on the real interest-rate yield on high-grade, long-term municipal bonds. The model uses quarterly data and covers the period 1971:4 through 1985:4. Estimating in first-difference form by instrumental variables, it is found that the federal budget deficit does, in fact, elevate the real municipal bond rate. This finding implies at least some degree of crowding out of the state and local government sectors.
IS EMOTIONAL LABOR MORE DIFFICULT FOR SOME THAN FOR OTHERS? A MULTILEVEL, EXPERIENCE-SAMPLING STUDY

In response to 2 areas for development in the emotional labor literature—(a) the contemporaneous associations between emotional labor and affective reactions, and (b) whether emotional labor might be more personally costly for some employees than others—this study tested a conceptual model explaining the differential effects of deep and surface acting on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion via their asymmetrical influences on mood, and whether extraverts fare better when engaging in emotional labor. As expected, surface acting was positively associated with negative mood, and this explained some of the association of surface acting with increased emotional exhaustion and decreased job satisfaction. Contrary to hypotheses, deep acting was unrelated to job satisfaction and was associated with lower positive affect. Extraversion moderated several emotional labor relationships such that, in general, surface and deep acting had more positive (or less negative) effects for extraverts (compared to introverts). Overall, the results support the importance of considering the roles of mood and disposition in the impact of emotional labor.
Analytical Bias in a Quality Control Scheme

A quality control program utilizing both "known" and "blind" control specimens was analyzed in the routine clinical chemistry laboratory. The results obtained with the control samples of 18 automated and nonautomated procedures demonstrated the presence of analytical bias. Only through the evaluation of blind control samples tested at random times can a reliable measure of the proficiency of the laboratory be achieved.
Saddlepoint approximations for the difference of order statistics

SUMMARY Saddlepoint approximations for the distribution of the difference of order statistics from a continuous distribution are presented. The approximations are illustrated for the case of the exponential distribution where we can find the exact probability density function of the difference of order statistics, and for the case of the noncentral chi-squared distribution which has application to the problem of testing a time series for linearity. In both cases we show that the saddlepoint approximation is much better than the normal approximation, especially for realistic sample sizes.
Red Tape and Task Delays in Public and Private Organizations

Using a measure of red tape based on the amount of time required for the performance of core organizational tasks, hypotheses are tested as to why some organizations have more red tape than others....
A behavioral model of a 1.8-V flash A/D converter based on device parameters

A behavioral model of a 1.8-V, 6-bit flash analog-to-digital converter has been developed based on device parameters using the g/sub m//I/sub d/ methodology. This approach eliminates the need for recharacterization of blocks when device sizes are changed. Furthermore, the performance can be predicted with input only from device and process simulators eliminating the need for a circuit simulator and associated model parameters. Signal to noise plus distortion ratio and differential and integral nonlinearity are predicted and verified at lower resolution with a circuit simulator.
Pearls and perils of an implantable defibrillator trial using a common control: implications for the design of future studies.

Aims Implantable defibrillators are considered life-saving therapy in heart failure (CHF) patients. Surprisingly, the recent Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) reached an opposing conclusion from that of numerous other trials about their survival benefit in patients with advanced CHF. A critical analysis of common control trial design may explain this paradoxical finding, with important implications for future studies.
A Tale of Two Cities: Warner and Marquand in Newburyport

Once upon a time, an ethnographer and a novelist happened to seek out the same city, walk the same streets, and encounter the same people. Each wrote a book depicting life as he saw it. What would the two portraits look like? What would each author succeed in capturing, from that "once upon a time"? More than half a century ago, ethnographer Lloyd Warner and novelist John Marquand frequented Yankee City, alias Clyde, alias Yankee Persepolis, alias Newburyport, Massachusetts. In Marquand's novel, protagonist banker and ethnographer meet. This article will explore the outcome of that chance meeting of fiction and social science.
A Japanese Liberals Response To Europe

(1959). A Japanese Liberals Response To Europe. The Historian: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 176-186.
Integrating existing natural language processing tools for medication extraction from discharge summaries

Objective: To develop an automated system to extract medications and related information from discharge summaries as part of the 2009 i2b2 natural language processing (NLP) challenge. This task required accurate recognition of medication name, dosage, mode, frequency, duration, and reason for drug administration. Design: We developed an integrated system using several existing NLP components developed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, which included MedEx (to extract medication information), SecTag (a section identification system for clinical notes), a sentence splitter, and a spell checker for drug names. Our goal was to achieve good performance with minimal to no specific training for this document corpus; thus, evaluating the portability of those NLP tools beyond their home institution. The integrated system was developed using 17 notes that were annotated by the organizers and evaluated using 251 notes that were annotated by participating teams. Measurements: The i2b2 challenge used standard measures, including precision, recall, and F-measure, to evaluate the performance of participating systems. There were two ways to determine whether an extracted textual finding is correct or not: exact matching or inexact matching. The overall performance for all six types of medication-related findings across 251 annotated notes was considered as the primary metric in the challenge. Results: Our system achieved an overall F-measure of 0.821 for exact matching (0.839 precision; 0.803 recall) and 0.822 for inexact matching (0.866 precision; 0.782 recall). The system ranked second out of 20 participating teams on overall performance at extracting medications and related information. Conclusions: The results show that the existing MedEx system, together with other NLP components, can extract medication information in clinical text from institutions other than the site of algorithm development with reasonable performance.
Coronary computed tomographic angiography for rapid discharge of low-risk patients with potential acute coronary syndromes.

Study objective Coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography has excellent performance characteristics relative to coronary angiography and exercise or pharmacologic stress testing. We hypothesize that coronary CT angiography can identify a cohort of emergency department (ED) patients with a potential acute coronary syndrome who can be safely discharged with a less than 1% risk of 30-day cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at an urban university hospital ED that enrolled consecutive patients with potential acute coronary syndromes and a low TIMI risk score who presented to the ED with symptoms suggestive of a potential acute coronary syndrome and received a coronary CT angiography. Our intervention was either immediate coronary CT angiography in the ED or after a 9- to 12-hour observation period that included cardiac marker determinations, depending on time of day. The main clinical outcome was 30-day cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Results Five hundred sixty-eight patients with potential acute coronary syndrome were evaluated: 285 of these received coronary CT angiography immediately in the ED and 283 received coronary CT angiography after a brief observation period. Four hundred seventy-six (84%) were discharged home after coronary CT angiography. During the 30-day follow-up period, no patients died of a cardiovascular event (0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0% to 0.8%) or sustained a nonfatal myocardial infarction (0%; 95% CI 0 to 0.8%). Conclusion ED patients with symptoms concerning for a potential acute coronary syndrome with a low TIMI risk score and a nonischemic initial ECG result can be safely discharged home after a negative coronary CT angiography test result.
Key Lessons Learned About Inclusive Education: summary of the 1996 Schonell Memorial Lecture

Abstract This article summarises some of the primary content presented in the Sixteenth Schonell Memorial Lecture at The University of Queensland on July 29, 1996. The content addressed four major topics related to the education of students with disabilities in general education classrooms with support, including: (a) characteristics of inclusive education, (b) key lessons learned about inclusive education, (c) tools to facilitate inclusion, and (d) the impact of inclusion on students with disabilities as well as their classmates without disabilities, teachers, and families.
Can cell phones promote brain tumors the INTERPHONE study

Within the past few months, several papers reporting epidemiological studies of cell-phone use and brain tumors have appeared in scientific journals. Several other related manuscripts are likely to appear, in print, in the not too distant future. If one wonders about the timing, it is very simple: a multi-year, international research effort, the INTERPHONE Project, is approaching its final phase. This human health project is being conducted with 13 participating countries.
Cold air drainage in a forested valley: Investigating the feasibility of monitoring ecosystem metabolism

Our objectives were to: characterize spatial and temporal variation in wind speed, direction and air temperature within a steeply sloping 96 ha forested watershed in the Oregon Cascade Mountains; assess the area contributing to advection in cold air drainage; identify appropriate conditions for sampling advected gases representative of the entire watershed; estimate ecosystem respiration from mass balance estimates. The flow dynamics could be categorized into four periods: daytime flows, evening transition, nighttime conditions (formation of a cold air pool) and morning transition. On summer days, the wind above the canopy flowed upvalley whereas the wind direction below the canopy was often down-valley. During the evening transition, the below-canopy cold air drainage becamewellmixedafter theverticaltemperature profileatthetower became isothermal, and sodarand tethersonde data revealed that a second drainage flow developed above the canopy. Between 20:00 and 24:00 h (PST), a cold air pool formed within thevalley;cold air drainage continued, butwind speed decreased as the night progressed. After sunrise, CO2in air passing the tower remained well mixed, but its concentration decreased. After the base of thewatershed began to receive direct solar radiation, the incanopy vertical CO2 concentration profile became stratified and the cold air drainage ceased or was confined below the canopy. After the cold air pool formed, the entire watershed supplied the respired CO2 that advected past the tower. During this period, the potential temperature profilewithin thewatershed indicated a strong inversion within thewatershed. Because the air passing the tower was well mixed and the cold air pool encompassed the entire watershed, it is probable that air samples collected during this period could provide the best estimate of watershed-scale respiration and carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 (Keeling plot analysis). However, sampling prior to the formation of the cold air pool may confound interpretations as the area contributing to the tower is likely changing. Mass balance calculations using an inert tracer (SF6) released below the canopy demonstrated that data from a single vertical profile could provide plausible estimates of ecosystem respiration at the watershed scale. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Trysting Genres: Andrew Lang’s Fairy Tale Methodologies

Andrew Lang represents an alternative model to the cult of the solo literary genius that occupied so much of the Victorian literary landscape, a model that is defined by collaboration and coterie production, and one that troubles the rigidities of discipline and genre. This essay, with Lang at its core, throws into relief the extent to which all authorship is a collective endeavor between forms and across time. While Lang’s entire oeuvre is important, this essay is most interested in his work on the fairy tale. For this essay, Lang is one practitioner of a kind of discourse generated in the wake of the Victorian fairy tale surge—the widespread incorporation of fairy tales into other Victorian literary and cultural forms like theater, fine arts, and literature. What a fairy tale was, and to whom or to what it belonged, were questions that frequently ran through contemporary discourse about literary production, like the copyright debates, the plagiarism debates, and the ongoing discussion about whether social science writing was or was not a kind of creative work. Lang’s treatment of the fairy tale, especially in his popular Colored Fairy Books, places him at the end of this century-long conversation about the nature of originality. This essay considers how Lang’s position at the center of multiple, linked networks might owe something, or everything, to his play with the fairy tale, arguably the most “networked” of forms. Lang’s very interdisciplinarity can help us to understand the extent to which the fairy tale’s language, figures, structure, authors, and methods of production had come to influence other forms of cultural production and consumption.
Assessing and Ensuring a Comprehensive System of Services for Children With Special Health Care Needs: A Public Health Approach

The US Department of Health and Human Services called for comprehensive systems of services for children with special health care needs in its Healthy People 2000 and 2010 health care objectives for the nation. We report on the proportion of children with special health care needs receiving care in high-quality systems of services measured by attainment of 6 essential system elements, or quality indicators, generated from a survey of 40,723 families of children with special health care needs in 2005 to 2006. Only 17.7% of children with special health care needs received services in a high-quality service system that met all 6 quality indicators in 2005-2006. Therefore, much more work lies ahead to meet the national Healthy People objective for these children.
Yolk Cholesterol in Eggs from Various Avian Species

Abstract Studies were conducted to establish the differences in yolk cholesterol concentrations in eggs from various avian species. Cholesterol was determined by a modification of the colorimetric procedure of Pearson et al. (1953). Species listed in increasing concentrations of cholesterol per gram of yolk, were guinea fowl, chicken, pheasant, quail, turkey, duck, goose, and dove with an overall range of 12.77 to 21.99 mg of cholesterol per gram of yolk. Significant differences in cholesterol concentrations also were found between domestic and wild genetic groups for turkeys and ducks. In a second study, eggs from 7 inbred lines of chickens showed significant differences in yolk cholesterol. The same general result was found in an analysis of eggs from 17 commercial test strains of chickens at two different ages. Yolk cholesterol tended to decrease as age of hen increased. These results confirm the possibility of genetically selecting for decreased yolk cholesterol if economic or other conditions warrant. The increased efforts required to decrease yolk cholesterol by this approach would undoubtedly be expensive.
Forest structure from combined optical and microwave modeling and measurements

One sided leaf area index (LAI) and above ground woody biomass are important parameters for describing the function and productivity of forested ecosystems. It is well known that remotely sensed reflected solar radiation can be related to the LAI of a vegetation canopy. Recently, studies have demonstrated that synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to estimate above ground standing biomass. The authors describe the development of algorithms for using optical and microwave data to infer LAI and biomass by using a forest succession model to simulate forest canopy parameters for use with optical and microwave remote sensing models. Models for canopy reflectances and backscatter coefficients were used separately to develop relationships with LAI and biomass, respectively. The algorithms were applied to Airborne Visible-InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and AirSAR images over a forested area in central Maine, USA. The resultant images ate evaluated and combined into a map related to potential ecosystem productivity. >
Prevention Practice: A Physical Therapist's Guide to Health, Fitness, and Wellness

Thompson CR, ed. Thorofare, NJ 08086, Slack Inc, 2007, hardcover, 296 pp, ISBN: 978-1-55642-617-9, $47.95. Holistic and preventive approaches to healthy living are important aspects of health care and maintenance. This book combines the nation's health care goal of increasing access to, and improving the quality of, health care with the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA) Vision 2020 goal of extending the scope of preventive care through direct access. The editor and her contributors introduce key concepts of health, fitness, and wellness to the intended audience of physical therapist clinicians and physical therapist students. The first 3 chapters present an overview of a holistic perspective of health and the physical therapist's relationship to health and wellness promotion, related Healthy People 2010 goals, and all aspects of fitness. Chapter 4 addresses fitness training and summarizes types of exercise, activities for special populations, and screening and preparation for exercise. It also presents a formula for exercise prescription that includes the element of enjoyment. Precautions and special considerations are discussed, and models related to preparedness for exercise, sustenance of exercise, and fitness programs are presented. The need for community support for physical activity is …
Analysis of Blocking Probability for First-Fit RWA in Transmission Impaired Optical Networks

Wavelength routed optical networks can experience increased call blocking due to insufficient quality of transmission. The routing and wavelength assignment algorithm must verify the quality of the lightpath before accepting it. In this paper, analytical expressions for the total blocking probability are derived for first fit wavelength assignment for networks suffering from transmission impairments. Physical layer degradations considered include amplifier noise and crosstalk between WDM channels. The technique effectively predicts the performance for wavelength selection techniques that consider a single candidate channel or all channels for quality of transmission compliance. The analysis is also applicable to first-fit algorithms with different static channel orderings.
Transplantation of Pancreas and Islets

Total endocrine replacement therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is possible by transplantation of either immediately vascularized pancreatic allografts or the islets of Langerhans as free grafts. The rationale for these treatments rests on the hypothesis that the microangiopathic and other lesions associated with diabetes mellitus are secondary to disordered metabolism. Presumably, perfect control of carbohydrate metabolism would prevent the development or halt the progression of the lesions affecting the eye, kidney, nervous, and other systems. Although the point is controversial, clinical and experimental observations support this hypothesis (see reviews by Brownlee and Cahill, 1979; Tchobroutsky, 1978; Mauer et al., 1981).
Autoregressive modeling of diastolic heart sounds

Diastolic heart sound segments were modelled by autoregressive (AR) methods, including recursive least-square lattice (RLSL) and gradient-lattice predictors. An application of the Akaike criterion demonstrated that between 5 and 22 AR coefficients are required to describe a diastolic segment completely. The reflection coefficients, prediction coefficients, zeros of the polynomial of the inverse filter, and the AR spectrum were determined over a number (N=20-30) of diastolic segments. Preliminary results indicate that the AR spectrum and the zeros of the inverse filter polynomial can be used to distinguish between normal patients and those with coronary artery disease. >
Can the Americans With Disabilities Act Reduce the Death Toll From Police Encounters With Persons With Mental Illness

A substantial proportion of people shot by police have mental disorders, and many of these killings appear to have been avoidable. One tool to encourage better police training and more cautious behavior is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). However, police groups oppose application of the ADA to arrests, fearing limits on their discretion, and the U.S. Supreme Court appears to favor that view. When the Court declined a recent opportunity to decide the question, it left open a window of opportunity during which the ADA can be leveraged to improve how police officers deal with persons with mental illness.
Informing Recovery Management of the Threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, using a Bayesian-Belief Network Model

Abstract Integrated modeling frameworks allow resource managers to incorporate multiple sources of information (both data and expert judgment), acknowledge uncertainty, and make quantitative predictions about resource outcomes. To demonstrate the utility of an integrated-modeling approach for recovery planning of imperiled species, we developed a comprehensive model in the form of a Bayesian-belief network to support recovery of a federally listed stream fish, Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Blackside Dace). Our model quantitatively combined expert judgment and data from empirical studies to create a comprehensive model that is testable, transferable, and easily communicated. Sensitivity- and scenario-building analyses demonstrated that mining impacts such as elevated stream conductivity were the most influential variables affecting predicted local Blackside Dace population persistence. Our results suggest that mining impacts are a logical focal point for research and recovery actions for the species, but addi...
Subliminal semantic priming in near absence of attention: A cursor motion study

The role of attention in subliminal semantic priming remains controversial: some researchers argue that attention is necessary for subliminal semantic priming, while others suggest that subliminal semantic processing is free from the influence of attention. The present study employs a cursor motion method to measure priming and evaluate the influence of attention. Specifically, by employing a semantic priming task developed by Naccache, Blandin, and Dehaene (2002), we investigate the extent to which top-down attention influences semantic priming. Results indicate that, consistent with the Naccache et al. (2002) results, attention facilitates priming. However, inconsistent with their theory, significant priming is still observed even in near absence of attention. We suggest that top-down attention helps but is not necessary for subliminal semantic processing.
The subject of return: land and livelihood struggles for place and citizenship

With the end of Sri Lanka's war in 2009 and even before, as the Sri Lankan Armed Forces captured and cleared Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam-controlled areas in the country's North and East, displaced families returned ‘home’ to rebuild their lives and livelihoods. However, the substantive reality of return shows that displacement does not end upon returning ‘home’. I demonstrate how the physical inability to access houses, land and resources renders return incomplete, how that ‘incompleteness’ is a constitutive part of how the returned create place and a sense of belonging, and negotiate their sense of self as Sri Lankan citizens. The subject of return is political; it is process and personhood. Through an examination of the subject of return and the claims and losses of the returned in the North and East, I show how displacement raises the question of the politics of return, the politics of which a postwar process of reconciliation must grapple with.
The in vitro sensitivity of chronically hypoxic EMT6/SF cells to X-radiation and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers.

SummaryWe have investigated the effect of extreme, prolonged hypoxia on the radiosensitivity of EMT6/SF cells in vitro. As cells were kept hypoxic for 1–24 h, their radiosensitivity increased, but no further change was noted for hypoxic incubation beyond 24 h. Chronically hypoxic (45 h) cells were more radiosensitive than acutely hypoxic (1 h) cells by a factor of 1·43. When chronically hypoxic cells were re-aerated, the increased radiosensitivity persisted, although it was reduced. Misonidazole (MISO) radiosensitization was equally effective under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. In contrast, MISO, SR2555 and SR2508 were more cytotoxic in chronically hypoxic cultures than in acutely hypoxic cells. Measurements suggested that intracellular thiols may play an important role in the effects observed.
VEGF-sdf1 RECRUITMENT OF CXCR7+ BONE MARROW PROGENITORS OF LIVER SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS PROMOTES RAT LIVER REGENERATION

In liver injury, recruitment of bone marrow (BM) progenitors of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (sprocs) is necessary for normal liver regeneration. Hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central regulator of the recruitment process. We examine whether stromal cell-derived factor 1 [sdf1, or CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12)] acts downstream from VEGF to mediate recruitment of BM sprocs, what the sdf1 receptor type [CXC receptor (CXCR)-4 or CXCR7] is on sprocs, and whether sdf1 signaling is required for normal liver regeneration. Studies were performed in the rat partial hepatectomy model. Tracking studies of BM sprocs were performed in wild-type Lewis rats that had undergone BM transplantation from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive Lewis rats. Knockdown studies were performed using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Expression of sdf1 doubles in liver and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) after partial hepatectomy. Upregulation of sdf1 expression increases proliferation of sprocs in the BM, mobilization of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs to the circulation, and engraftment of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs in the liver and promotes liver regeneration. Knockdown of hepatic VEGF with ASOs decreases hepatic sdf1 expression and plasma sdf1 levels. When the effect of VEGF knockdown on sdf1 is offset by infusion of sdf1, VEGF knockdown-induced impairment of BM sproc recruitment after partial hepatectomy is completely attenuated and liver regeneration is normalized. These data demonstrate that the VEGF-sdf1 pathway regulates recruitment of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs to the hepatic sinusoid after partial hepatectomy and is required for normal liver regeneration.
U.S. Congressional Committees of Primary Interest on Nuclear Energy Issues

This note provides a road map to U.S. Congressional committees that are of most interest to nuclear power plant operators. The names of the 2005 committee members are given, along with notes on their positions on nuclear energy.
Thermorheological Complexity and Fragility in Plasticized Lignocellulose

It is demonstrated that plasticized lignocellulose fails to satisfy classic criteria normally required to validate time/temperature superposition (TTS) in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). However, insightful relaxation behavior is available and dismissing it would be a mistake. TTS was applied to Liriodendron tulipifera wood using parallel plate compressive-torsion DMA with specimens immersed in different organic liquids, ranging from weak to strong swelling power. While all storage moduli shifted smoothly, thermorheological complexity was detected in loss modulus shift failures, which themselves must reflect unknown structural features. Storage modulus shift factors clearly distinguished solvent specific relaxation behavior and interpretations through the WLF model or through fragility (cooperativity) analysis are useful. However, it is demonstrated that fragility analysis is preferred and solvents of different swelling power are compared. Coupled with other methods, TTS and fragility analysis warrant further development as a means to improve the understanding of structure/property relationships in plasticized lignocellulose.
The Pattern of Contemporary Regional Integration

This essay on contemporary regional integration is an invitation to empirical research, rather than a report on research completed or an attempt to preempt empirical analysis. Suggestions are put forward indicating possible ways that the myriad of variables in analyzing regional integration might be made operational and might be observed. Throughout the essay, the underlying question is: "Can we better understand contemporary regional integration, and especially Western European integration, by looking at the problems and processes involved in a new and more unified light?" The sequence of hypotheses developed here suggests that we can. The changing structure of the contemporary international system evidences the impacts of two processes of political change, national integration and regional integration. Governments and elites in more than a score of newly independent states are cur-
OPTIMIZING ELECTROCARDIOGRAM INTERPRETATION AND CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY ACTIVATION IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A TEACHING MODULE FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

To achieve the 90-minute reperfusion goal in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care, providers must diagnose STEMIs from electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained upon emergency room arrival and appropriately activate the catheterization lab. To enhance early STEMI care, we sought to
A phase II trial of amonafide in patients with nonsquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Twenty-seven patients with nonsquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were entered into a Phase II study of amonafide; 24 patients were evaluable for toxicity, while 23 were evaluable for response. Patients received amonafide, 300 mg/m 2 , intravenously for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. The median age of patients was 45 years. All but two patients were completely ambulatory. Twelve patients had received prior chemotherapy, while 22 had been treated with radiation therapy. One of 27 (4.3%) patients had a partial response (PR) to this regimen and 13 (56.5%) had stable disease. Sixteen patients experienced a median white blood cell (WBC) nadir of 350/mm 3 , seven developed life-threatening thrombocytopenia, and one had severe anemia requiring transfusion. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild. Amonafide had insignificant activity in these patients with nonsquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
IS DECREASED FREQUENCY OF MATING AMONG CONSPECIFICS A COST OF SYMPATRY IN SALAMANDERS

Reproductive interactions among species in areas of sympatry and contact zones have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Much interest and fierce debate has centered on the potential for natural selection to prevent interspecific mating between species in cases in which the progeny from such unions exhibit reduced fitness (see papers in Otte and Endler 1989). The potential risk of interspecific mating may be regarded as an important "reproductive cost of sympatry" for many species. Other reproductive costs of sympatry may exist even for species that are sexually incompatible and thus never engage in interspecific mating. For example, individuals of different species may use similar resources necessary for successful mating. In odonates, this may result in lost mating opportunities with conspecifics because of courtship misdirected toward heterospecific females (Singer 1990). Negative interspecific interactions also may arise during the process of mate attraction in the form of signal interference, an unintended by-product of two or more species broadcasting signals in the same sensory modality while in close physical proximity. Anuran choruses are prime examples of situations in which interspecific acoustic interference may result in a decreased probability of encounters between conspecifics (e.g., Schwartz and Wells 1983). Levels of sexual incompatibility typically are high among sympatric species of plethodontid salamanders ofthe genus Desmognathus, and thus the risk of interspecific mating probably is not a reproductive cost of sympatry for contemporary populations (Maksymovitch and Verrell 1993). Nevertheless, the presence of a heterospecific individual could still exert a negative influence on
Dick Baldauf: memories of a friendship and collaboration

Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (hereafter, Dick) and I met for the first time in September 1983 at a conference on linguistic modernization and language planning in Chinese-speaking communities, convened ...
The Sex Discrimination Argument in Gay Rights Cases

The argument that laws that discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation in fact discriminate on the basis of sex is not new. In women's rights cases, courts have justified different treatment based on a finding of "real" difference, most often involving pregnancy. In fact, claims of sex discrimination in gay rights cases may be the only realm in which formal equality theory still has any real intellectual kick. Anti-subordination theory speaks to this: sex discrimination not only classifies, it subordinates a class. Gender-linked stereotypes about sexuality are not just about behavior. They are about what people perceive as definition, and that definition turns on the naturalness and the thoroughness of male-female difference. The sex discrimination argument has also begun to gain traction in sexual orientation cases arising under statutes. An argument that marriage can exist without sexual difference implies that gender polarity is not essential for a primary social unit.
SP0018 OX40 Stimulation and Blockade in Cancer and Inflammatory Disease

The Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) superfamily consists of 29 membrane and soluble proteins with similar structural features. Many of these molecules are expressed on cells of the immune system and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention in a number of immune based diseases. OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4) is one TNFR family member that can act as a co-stimulatory receptor for both effector CD4 and CD8 T cells driving proliferation and clonal expansion when ligated by its TNF family ligand, OX40L (CD252, TNFSF4). OX40 signaling can also inhibit the development of suppressive peripheral regulatory T cells (pTreg), as well as promote the activity of innate lymphoid cells such as NK and NKT cells, further amplifying its ability to help an effective immune response. In accordance, many studies in animal models of inflammatory disease, autoimmunity, and transplantation have now shown that blocking OX40/OX40L interactions can reduce the activity of pathogenic T cells and dampen inflammation. Conversely, stimulation of OX40 signaling with agonist antibodies in animals can promote T cell activity that protects against tumor growth as well as T cells that can reduce viral replication. The potential of targeting OX40 or OX40L as a therapy for human immune disease will be discussed, as well as recent and ongoing clinical trials. Disclosure of Interest None declared