cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiopotentiation in a Murine Tumor (MTG-B) by Continuous Infusion Platinum

For more than a decade, studies have shown that the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin can interact with ionizing radiation, resulting in what is often described as a potentiation of radiation-induced cell kill (for review see Dewit 1987, and Douple 1986, 1988). At least two distinguishable effects have been identified in cell culture experiments which might account for the supra-additive therapeutic effects reported in animal tumors when the two agents are combined. The first, radiosensitization of hypoxic cells, requires that the cisplatin be present at the time of irradiation. The second, post-irradiation potentiation, enhances cell kill when the cisplatin is added shortly after irradiation, and might include an inhibition of sublethal and potentially lethal damage repair processes. These effects are not limited to the combination of only cisplatin with radiation, since other platinum complexes have also produced these effects (Nias 1985; Douple 1988), including the second generation platinum complex carboplatin, also known as paraplatin (Douple 1985; Douple et al. 1985, 1987; O’Hara et al. 1986). The precise mechanisms responsible for the interactions remain elusive, but because of the potential for therapeutic gain represented by the two effects, numerous clinical trials with varying protocols have been instituted in an effort to exploit the interactions between the two modalities (Douple 1985, 1988).
Make a Black Life, and Bid It Sing: Sacred Song in The Life, History, and Unparalleled Sufferings of John Jea

Scholarship on the American-born Afro-British author John Jea (c. 1773–after 1817) has focused on his c. 1816 autobiography. Scholars have examined Jea's life a sailor, his literacy, his opposition...
Carbon-silica dual phase filler : Part IV. Surface chemistry

Abstract A method for estimating the amount of functional groups on the carbon—silica dual phase fillers (CSDPF) available to react with organosilane coupling agents is reported. The method employs trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as an analytical probe, and involves equilibrating the samples with TMCS in toluene. The amount of TMCS that reacts with the surface functional groups is obtained by monitoring the concentration of reactants and products of the reaction by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The amount of TMCS reacted with the fillers' surface functional groups is compared to the pH, and the active hydrogen content as measured by LiAlH4. Comparison of these measures with the CSDPF, carbon blacks and a fumed silica sample is provided. The dual phase fillers have a heterogeneous surface, containing both carbon and silica phases. Multipoint BET nitrogen surface area is used in combination with iodine number to estimate the individual carbon and silica phase surface areas. From this, the packing densi...
1.6-µm Er:YAG Laser with Direct Resonant Laser Diode Pumping

This paper reports the results of what is believed to be the first demonstration of direct diode pumping of the eye-safe Er3+:YAG laser. 1475 nm fibered diode laser modules were implemented to end pump the Er3+(1%):YAG laser rod. The absorbed photon conversion efficiency of 26% has been achieved in these first experiments. Analysis of the DPSSL output characteristics indicates that obtained slope efficiency can be doubled through the intracavity loss reduction and pumping efficiency improvement. Measurements of infrared and green fluorescence intensities clearly indicate that at the excitation levels close to the threshold the upconversion becomes the dominant mechanism limiting the effective lifetime of excited 4I13/2 states.
HIFs: a-cute answer to inflammation?

In this issue of Blood , Elks et al describe a novel role for activated hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)–1α in sustaining inflammation by delaying neutrophilic retrograde emigration and preventing neutrophil apoptosis through the inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity. This property is a novel function for HIFs, the master regulators of our body9s response to hypoxia.
Conformational study of 9-dehydro-9-trifluoromethyl cinchona alkaloids via 19F NMR spectroscopy: emergence of trifluoromethyl moiety as a conformational stabilizer and a probe.

The trifluoromethyl substituent has been incorporated into quinidine as a conformational stabilizer and a probe to provide straightforward insight into the conformational behavior of cinchona alkaloids. By significantly decreasing the rotation rate of the quinoline–carbinol bond, the relatively bulky CF3 group enables the NMR signals of the syn and anti conformers to be differentiated at room temperature. In addition to the stabilizing effect, the introduction of the fluorinated moiety also facilitates the application of 19F NMR spectroscopy, thereby allowing conformational studies under various conditions without the use of deuterated solvents.
The Clean Water Rule: defining the scope of the Clean Water Act

What waters are subject to federal regulatory protection by the US Clean Water Act (CWA)? Over the 43 y since passage of the CWA (formally the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act [33 U.S.C. §§1251–1387]) little clarity and less consensus has emerged regarding this fundamental question. However, on 29 June 2015, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) published the Clean Water Rule (https://federalregister.gov/a/2015-13435) to clarify which waters are subject to CWA protection. Publication of the Clean Water Rule created immediate, passionate political debates, largely focused on whether EPA and the ACE overstepped their jurisdiction. Within 5 d of publication of the rule, attorneys general from 31 states planned to ask EPA to delay implementation of the Clean Water Rule for at least 9 mo (http://www.courthousenews.com/2015 /08/03/thirty-one-states-fight-clean-water-rule.htm). As of 10 August 2015, 13 states had asked a federal judge to block the rule (http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking -news/ci_28615224/13-states-want-judge-block-new-federal -water). A Google® search on 13 August 2015 based on the keywords “Clean Water Rule” and “lawsuits” produced 22,500 results. As of 8 September, when this paper went to press, the rule was in effect in 37 states, and was stayed by preliminary injunction in 13 states (Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming) (http://www2.epa.gov/cleanwaterrule/clean-water -rule-litigation-statement). In bright contrast to the well publicized, negative political reaction, the aquatic resource science and management communities appear to largely support the rule (e.g., http://www.freshwater-science.org/Policy /files/SFS_WOTUS_EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0880.pdf).
Cerro Baúl: A Wari Center on the Tiwanaku Frontier

Andean scholars have long debated the nature of the relationship between two Middle Horizon (ca. A. D. 750-1000) Andean states; many assumed Tiwanaku dominated Wari and preceded Wari in time. Recent research at the Wari administrative center of Cerro Baul in the only known region occupied by both states (the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru) indicates that Tiwanaku may not predate Wari in Moquegua and that, contrary to previous assertions, both states occupied the valley for the last three centuries of the Middle Horizon. In support of this position, I review recent excavations at Cerro Baul. Then I present eight new 14C dates and summarize the evidence for two major construction episodes at Cerro Baul. I interpret the local Wari construction chronology based on the 12 14C dates now available from excavation contexts and I suggest that the new data, in comparison with 24 published 14C dates from other Wari centers, support a later date for Middle Horizon 1B Wari expansion than previously postulated.
Lepidocrocite-type Layered Titanate Structures: New Lithium and Sodium Ion Intercalation Anode Materials

The electrochemical characteristics of lepidocrocite-type titanates derived from K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4 are presented for the first time. By exchanging sodium ions for potassium, the practical specific capacity of the titanate in both sodium and lithium half cells is considerably enhanced. Although the gross structural features of the titanate framework are maintained during the ion exchange process, the symmetry changes because sodium occupies different sites from potassium. The smaller size of the sodium ion as compared to potassium and the change in site symmetry allow more alkali metal cations to be inserted reversibly into the structure during discharge in sodium and lithium cells than in the parent compound. Insertion of lithium cations takes place at an average of about 0.8 V vs Li+/Li while sodium intercalation occurs at 0.5 V vs Na+/Na, with sloping voltage profiles exhibited for both cell configurations, implying single-phase processes. Ex situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show that a ...
Importance of the Extracellular Domain for Prostaglandin EP2 Receptor Function

The ligand binding pocket of biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors is embedded in the membrane-spanning regions of these receptors, whereas the extracellular domains of the peptidergic receptors play a key role in the structure and function of this class of receptors. To examine the role of the extracellular sequences in prostaglandin receptor-ligand interaction, chimeras were constructed with the two Gs-coupled E-prostanoid (EP) receptors, replacing each of the extracellular sequences of the human EP2receptor with the corresponding human EP4 receptor residues. Replacement of the third extracellular loop (ECIII) yielded a receptor that binds [3H]prostaglandin E2(PGE2; Kd = 6.3 nM) with similar affinity as the EP2 wild-type receptor (Kd = 12.9 nM). Similarly, replacement of the nonconserved carboxyl-terminal portion of ECII resulted in a receptor that maintains [3H]PGE2 binding (Kd = 8.8 nM). In contrast, replacement of the amino terminus, ECI, the entire ECII region, or the residues within the highly conserved motif of the amino-terminal half of ECII yielded chimeras that displayed neither detectable [3H]PGE2 binding nor receptor-evoked cAMP generation. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that each chimera is expressed at levels near that of wild-type receptors; however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that inactive chimeras have reduced cell surface expression. Similarly, chimeras that exchange the multiple extracellular loop sequences N/ECI, ECII/ECIII, or all four sequences lacked detectable binding and signal transduction, and although expressed, were not detected on the cell surface. These data suggest that the extracellular sequences of the EP2receptor are critical determinants of receptor structure and/or function, unlike other G protein-coupled receptors that bind small molecules.
The Correlation Study of the Aromatic Antiepileptic Drug Induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions and HLA-B*1502 Gene

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the aromatic antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions(c ADRs) and HLA-B*1502 gene in Han population of Jiangxi province. Method: The case-control study was taken, A total of 46 cases of samples were collected, including 13 patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS)(SJS group), 19 patients with mild skin reaction(MPE)(MPE group), and 14 tolerance and normal volunteers as controls(control group).The sequence-specific primers polymerase chain reaction(SSP-PCR) technique was used to detect HLA-B*1502 genotype. The Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the correlation between HLAB*1502 and AEDs-c ADRs. Result: The gene frequencies of HLA-B*1502were 100%(13/13) in SJS group, 10.5%(2/19) in MPE group and 7.1%(1/14) in the control group. There were significant differences in the SJS group compared with MPE group and the control group(P0.05), there was no statistically significant difference between the MPE group and the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between HLA-B*1502 gene and the aromatic AEDs-induced SJS,but the correlation between HLA-B*1502 gene and MPE has not been found in Han population of Jiangxi province. HLA-B*1502 gene type testing before initiating AEDs therapy is suggested for Han population of Jiangxi province. Those with positive HLA-B*1502 should avoid taking aromatic AEDs. Furthermore,physicians should also be vigilant about SCR,such as SJS,in those with negative HLA-B*1502.
Anesthetic considerations in the patient with acute spinal cord injury.

The extent and level of the spinal cord injury as well as the presence of associated injuries affects the choice of anesthetic agents, techniques, and monitoring modalities. The role of the anesthesiologist is not limited only to the administration of anesthesia, but frequently his active participation in the team approach care of the spinal cord injury patient is needed during preoperative treatment and postoperatively in the ICU setting.1.47 Understanding of the pathophysiologic changes related to the spinal cord injury helps in the delivery of better anesthetic care for severely handicapped patients.
A Game-Theoretic Approach to Optimal Scheduling of Parking-Lot Electric Vehicle Charging

Parking-lot electric vehicle (EV) charging promises reduced on-board battery capacity for commuters, which would decrease the payback time. However, the parking-lot EV charging scenario is rendered complicated by the large number of agents involved and highly dynamic price of electricity during the day. This study solves the parking-lot EV charging scheduling problem through a noncooperative game approach that considers the coupled constraint therein. The total charging amount is restrained by the transformer capacity. Such a coupled constraint makes the parking-lot EV charging game distinct from other EV charging scenarios. The theoretical framework of the Rosen–Nash normalized equilibrium is applied to deal with such a problem. The Nikaido–Isoda relaxation algorithm is used to calculate the equilibrium point. The dynamic game extension is then provided. Numerical simulation validates the proposed framework. Moreover, the impact of major parameters of the EV charging game on the equilibrium point that can be achieved is investigated.
Innate immunological function of TH2 cells in vivo

Type 2 helper T cells (TH2 cells) produce interleukin 13 (IL-13) when stimulated by papain or house dust mite extract (HDM) and induce eosinophilic inflammation. This innate response is dependent on IL-33 but not T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). While type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) are the dominant innate producers of IL-13 in naive mice, we found here that helminth-infected mice had more TH2 cells compared to uninfected mice, and thes e cells became major mediators of innate type 2 responses. TH2 cells made important contributions to HDM-induced antigen-nonspecific eosinophilic inflammation and protected mice recovering from infection with Ascaris suum against subsequent infection with the phylogenetically distant nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for effector TH2 cells during TCR-independent innate-like immune responses.
Social Media Burnout: Definition, Measurement Instrument, and Why We Care

ABSTRACTSocial media users have shown several burnout symptoms lately. In this research, we study the social media burnout issue from three perspectives, including a user’s ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. Building on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), we designed a new scale to measure a user’s social media burnout. Using social media continuance as an example, we investigated the effects of social media burnout on a user’s post-adoption intention. We find that ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization can all significantly negatively influence a user’s social media continuance.
Disease-Free Survival After Cord Blood (CB) Transplantation Is Not Different to That After Related or Unrelated Donor Transplantation in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

Abstract 2296 Poster Board II-273 CB transplantation (CB-T) may be curative for patients with high-risk or advanced hematologic malignancies. However, given there are no randomized trials comparing survival after CBT with the more traditional approach of matched related donor transplantation (MRD-T) or unrelated donor transplantation (URD-T), how CB-T compares to MRD-T and URD-T transplantation is not established. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study comparing survival after CB-T (n=67) with MRD-T (n=96) and URD-T (n=163) performed 10/05-3/09 for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Our hypothesis was that 1 year survival is comparable between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sources. Consecutive adult and pediatric recipients of first allograft for the treatment of acute leukemia in remission (CR1-3), myelodysplasia (MDS, ≤5% blasts at work-up), or non-Hodgkins or Hodgkin lymphoma were eligible for analysis. The median age of CB-T recipients (37 years, range 7 /kg; smaller unit 1.93 × 10 7 /kg) to augment engraftment. GVHD prophylaxis was calcineurin inhibitor based in 67 (100%) of CB-T but only 37 (39%) of MRD-T and 52 (32%) of URD-T recipients, with remaining patients receiving T cell depleted grafts. Median follow-up of survivors is 22 months (range 5-46) and was similar between HSC sources. We found no difference in the cumulative incidence (CI) of transplant-related mortality (TRM) at day 100 between HSC sources: 15% (95%CI: 6-24) in CB-T as compared to 7% (95%CI: 2-13) for MRD-T and 10% (95%CI: 5-14) for URD-T recipients (p=0.742). Further, there was no difference in the CI of relapse at 1 year: 19% (95%CI: 9-29) in CB-T as compared to 16% (95%CI: 9-24) for MRD-T and 16% (95%CI: 10-22) for URD-T recipients (p=0.930). Finally, by log-rank analysis there was no significant difference between HSC sources for either overall survival (p=0.778) or disease-free survival (DFS, p=0.381, Figure 1). While outcomes within subgroups could differ according to HSC source as well as donor-recipient HLA-match, recipient co-morbidities, diagnosis, disease risk, conditioning intensity, and GVHD prophylaxis, this encouraging preliminary data supports the use of double unit CB grafts as an alternative HSC source in patients lacking suitably HLA-matched peripheral blood HSC or marrow donors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Antiviral RNA Interference Response Provides Resistance to Lethal Arbovirus Infection and Vertical Transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The recent discovery of the positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) Orsay virus (OV) as a natural pathogen of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has stimulated interest in exploring virus-nematode interactions. However, OV infection is restricted to a small number of intestinal cells, even in nematodes defective in their antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) response, and is neither lethal nor vertically transmitted. Using a fluorescent reporter strain of the negative-sense ssRNA vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we show that microinjection of VSV particles leads to a dose-dependent, muscle tissue-tropic, lethal infection in C. elegans. Furthermore, we find nematodes deficient for components of the antiviral RNAi pathway, such as Dicer-related helicase 1 (DRH-1), to display hypersusceptibility to VSV infection as evidenced by elevated infection rates, virus replication in multiple tissue types, and earlier mortality. Strikingly, infection of oocytes and embryos could also be observed in drh-1 mutants. Our results suggest that the antiviral RNAi response not only inhibits vertical VSV transmission but also promotes transgenerational inheritance of antiviral immunity. Our study introduces a new, in vivo virus-host model system for exploring arbovirus pathogenesis and provides the first evidence for vertical pathogen transmission in C. elegans.
How Question Types Reveal Student Thinking: An Experimental Comparison of Multiple-True-False and Free-Response Formats

Assessments represent an important component of undergraduate courses because they affect how students interact with course content and gauge student achievement of course objectives. To make decisions on assessment design, instructors must understand the affordances and limitations of available question formats. Here, we use a crossover experimental design to identify differences in how multiple-true-false (MTF) and free-response (FR) exam questions reveal student thinking regarding specific conceptions. We report that correct response rates correlate across the two formats but that a higher percentage of students provide correct responses for MTF questions. We find that MTF questions reveal a high prevalence of students with mixed (correct and incorrect) conceptions, while FR questions reveal a high prevalence of students with partial (correct and unclear) conceptions. These results suggest that MTF question prompts can direct students to address specific conceptions but obscure nuances in student thinking and may overestimate the frequency of particular conceptions. Conversely, FR questions provide a more authentic portrait of student thinking but may face limitations in their ability to diagnose specific, particularly incorrect, conceptions. We further discuss an intrinsic tension between question structure and diagnostic capacity and how instructors might use multiple formats or hybrid formats to overcome these obstacles.
Inference in Finite Populations

Most statistical methods such as imputation methods, inverse probability weighted methods, regression calibration methods developed in missing data and biased sampling problems originated from survey sampling studies. In this chapter, we briefly review some important survey sampling problems.
Predicting Resistance to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Cefepime and Meropenem in Septic Patients With Bloodstream Infection Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Background Predicting antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) could balance the need for administering appropriate empiric antibiotics while also minimizing the use of clinically unwarranted broad-spectrum agents. Our objective was to develop a practical prediction rule able to identify patients with GNB infection at low risk for resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam (PT), cefepime (CE), and meropenem (ME). Methods The study included adult patients with sepsis or septic shock due to bloodstream infections caused by GNB admitted between 2008 and 2015 from Barnes-Jewish Hospital. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to describe risk factors associated with resistance to the antibiotics of interest (PT, CE, and ME). Clinical decision trees were developed using the recursive partitioning algorithm CHAID (χ2 Automatic Interaction Detection). Results The study included 1618 consecutive patients. Prevalence rates for resistance to PT, CE, and ME were 28.6%, 21.8%, and 8.5%, respectively. Prior antibiotic use, nursing home residence, and transfer from an outside hospital were associated with resistance to all 3 antibiotics. Resistance to ME was specifically linked with infection attributed to Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter spp. Discrimination was similar for the multivariable logistic regression and CHAID tree models, with both being better for ME than for PT and CE. Recursive partitioning algorithms separated out 2 clusters with a low probability of ME resistance and 4 with a high probability of PT, CE, and ME resistance. Conclusions With simple variables, clinical decision trees can be used to distinguish patients at low, intermediate, or high risk of resistance to PT, CE, and ME.
Yersiniabactin metal binding characterization and removal of nickel from industrial wastewater.

Yersiniabactin (Ybt) is a metal-binding natural product that has been re-purposed for water treatment. The early focus of this study was the characterization of metal binding breadth attributed to Ybt. Using LC-MS analysis of water samples exposed to aqueous and surface-localized Ybt, quantitative assessment of binding was completed with metals that included Pd2+ , Mg2+ , and Zn2+ . In total, Ybt showed affinity for 10 metals. Next, Ybt-modified XAD-16N resin (Ybt-XAD) was utilized to quantify the affinity for metal removal, showing a rank order of Fe3+ > Ga3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Cr2+ ≈Zn2+ > Co2+ > Pd2+ > Mg2+ > Al3+ , and in the applied treatment of wastewater from a local precious metal plating company, showing selective removal of nickel from the aqueous effluent. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1548-1554, 2017.
A Low-Cost Technique for Intraoperative Imaging of Cell Delivery and Retention in a Model of Delayed Wound Healing

Objective: Techniques to validate successful delivery of cell products are expensive, time-consuming, and require transport of the animal to imaging facilities, preventing their widespread use as documentation tools. The goal of this study was to determine if a low-cost portable microscope could provide sufficient performance to be used to document delivery of cell products and track retention over time. Approach: A Dino-Lite fluorescence microscope and an Odyssey CLx whole-animal scanner were compared on the basis of resolution, sensitivity, and linearity. The impact of different injection profiles on image quality was also compared and the system was used to track cells, injected freely or on scaffolds, in a model of diabetic wound healing. Results: Both systems were able to detect 50 fluorescently labeled cells and there was a linear relationship between the fluorescence signal and cell number in vitro. In vivo, both systems were found to be nonlinear, but highly correlated with one another. The Dino-L...
The Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System

We enter a new phase in our understanding of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in which its intriguing complexities are appreciated. Indeed, it is apparent that the RAS with its multiple components operates in autocrine and intracrine manners as well as an endocrine system. The new developments have raised our awareness of distinct regulatory mechanisms for the intratubular and intracellular as well as the interstitial RAS in the kidney. In this chapter, we will briefly review the current understanding of the intrarenal RAS and discuss how its inappropriate activation alters the capability of the kidney to maintain an adequate sodium and fluid balance at normal arterial pressures, thus setting the stage for the development of hypertension.
The Flame and the Breeze: Life and Longevity Practices in Three Bengali Sufi Texts from the Long Seventeenth Century

This is a preliminary report on the longevity practices discussed in a Bengali Islamic Yogic text by Haji Muhammad called Nurjamal ba Suratnama written in the last decade of the sixteenth century. This and other similar texts were authored by Bengali literati in the kingdom of Roshang that encompassed at the time both the Arakan and eastern Bengal. I first present the unique cultural and political context in which these texts were produced. Next I discuss the particular text and its author. In doing this I also review the scant scholarship that exists on the material as well as advancing a different and parallel analytic strategy by which the texts might, in my view, be opened up to a broader range of inquiries. In the two subsequent sections I use the proposed strategy of 'figural history' to interrogate two different figures of 'life' that are found in the text under investigation. The entire discussion of longevity practices is organized around these figures of life and I suggest that they need to be explored more fully in their individuality. The conclusion pulls the strings together and reiterates the case for studying the longevity practices in this and other similar texts using figural history as an analytic strategy.
The Psychodynamics of Chronic Depression in Music: An Agentially-Enriched Narrative Reading of Beethoven’s “Kreutzer” Sonata, Op. 47, Movement I

Analyzing Beethoven’s “Kreutzer” Sonata using the lenses of virtual agency and musical narrativity reveals a failure of the tragic-to-transcendent expressive genre. Adopting a psychodynamic perspective yields an agentially-enriched narrative reading, highlighting a tragic flaw that serves as an expressive premise for the musical discourse. The musical subjectivity cannot complete a positive or transcendent thought, but slips inexorably into the tragic. From a psychopathological perspective, this characteristic suggests chronic depression , a connection solidified by musical suggestions of rumination and alexithymia . The burgeoning practice of musical semiotics offers fresh insight into the “aboutness” problem from the philosophy of aesthetics. Specifically, interpretation combined with Julian Dodd’s concept of music’s displaying properties to attain referentiality [1] enables music to be profound, pace Peter Kivy. [2] Even the Kreutzer Sonata, a tragic narrative displaying characteristics of chronic depression, offers crucial insight into aspects of life and may thus more than adequately warrant the description of profound. [1] . Julian Dodd, “The Possibility of Profound Music,” British Journal of Aesthetics 54, No. 3 (July 2014): 304, 309. [2] . Peter Kivy, Music Alone: Philosophical Reflections on the Purely Musical Experience (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990): 8, 204, 217.
The role of reference materials in the analytical laboratory

Importance, definition, preparation, characterization, selection and use of reference materials in the analytical laboratory are discussed in general.
The Classical Synthesis: Lorentz

About 1900—although this clearly did not happen in one day—radical and dramatic changes began to occur in the nature and character of physics. Although the profound character of the changes was not realized away, many new facts required a serious rethinking of the basic principles of physics without, however, arriving at anything resembling a systematic new set of concepts. When Kramers entered the field of atomic physics, as a beginning researcher in 1916, he entered a field in turmoil. There were basic disagreements about the goals of physics and there was considerable confusion about the appropriate methods of handling the existing problems.
Protein Structural Information Derived from NMR Chemical Shift with the Neural Network Program TALOS-N

Chemical shifts are obtained at the first stage of any protein structural study by NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shifts are known to be impacted by a wide range of structural factors, and the artificial neural network based TALOS-N program has been trained to extract backbone and side-chain torsion angles from (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C shifts. The program is quite robust and typically yields backbone torsion angles for more than 90 % of the residues and side-chain χ 1 rotamer information for about half of these, in addition to reliably predicting secondary structure. The use of TALOS-N is illustrated for the protein DinI, and torsion angles obtained by TALOS-N analysis from the measured chemical shifts of its backbone and (13)C(β) nuclei are compared to those seen in a prior, experimentally determined structure. The program is also particularly useful for generating torsion angle restraints, which then can be used during standard NMR protein structure calculations.
Embedded film, embodied reception: Tsurumi Shunsuke’s autobiographical film criticism

ABSTRACTReflecting on the aftermath of WWII in the emerging Cold War context of Japan’s compromised sovereignty, members of the intellectual group Science of Thought (Shisō no kagaku) sought possibilities of ‘thought’ (shisō) in ‘the people’ and turned their attention to the production and reception of mass culture. Jidaigeki (Japanese period films) presented a unique challenge for envisioning postwar modernity and democracy in Japan. US Occupation censors and progressive Japanese critics alike regarded jidaigeki with suspicion, calling into question its relationship to the past. This paper focuses on the group’s founder Tsurumi Shunsuke’s review of 1952 jidaigeki The Mad Woman in Kimono (Furisode kyōjo) and examines his populist defense of jidaigeki. Born into one of Japan’s most politically and intellectually prominent families and educated in the philosophy department at Harvard, Tsurumi struggled to define the significance and political utility of jidaigeki by negotiating his own position in relation ...
Characterization of marl and interbedded limestone layers in the Eagle Ford Formation, DeWitt county, Texas

Abstract The Eagle Ford Formation in Texas, USA is composed of marl and interbedded limestone sequences with intermittent layers of volcanic ash. To optimize hydrocarbon recovery from such a heterogeneous formation, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the effects of each individual marl and limestone layer on reservoir properties. The objective of this paper is to characterize and quantify properties of marl and limestone layers in the Eagle Ford Formation, in terms of spectral core gamma ray, elemental concentrations, lithology and organic richness. Moreover, the differences between these layers in micro-scale level were shown through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. XRF results show that concentrations of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Mo, and Zr in marl layers were more than 40% higher than in the interbedded limestone layers. The Eagle Ford samples fall into two groups in the ternary plot. Limestone layers contain calcite content ranging from 55% to 90% and clay content ranging from 5% to 30%, while marl layers contain 30%–70% calcite and around 20%–50% clay. Marl layers have better generative potential than the limestone layers in the Eagle Ford Formation. Moreover, estimation of total organic carbon of the Eagle Ford Formation using Passey's Δlog R method with a correction factor was provided and validated with lab measured data.
International recruitment: Many faces, one goal-Part 2.

Last month in part 1, we addressed the challenges regarding the origins and entry of internationally educated nurses (IENs). We also reviewed the types of recruiting agencies used to attract IENs to our country. Here, we’ll explore their work environment, specific ethical principles regarding hiring processes, and best practices for recruiting these individuals.
Can We Talk a Bit More? Appreciative Questions in Response to Paul and the Gift:

John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift represents a significant advance in pauline studies. By focusing on the variable ways in which Paul and his contemporaries thought about grace and gift, Barclay is ...
Investigating the effects of bulky allylic substituents on the regioregularity and thermodynamics of ROMP on cyclopentene

Abstract The interplay between equilibrium ROMP thermodynamics and the regioregular insertion of allylic trialkylsiloxy-substituted cyclopentenes during propagation with Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst at varying temperatures is investigated. In general, bulkier substituents reduce monomer conversion and increase regioregular insertion. However, polymerization entropy (ΔSp) also appears to play an important role on ROMP thermodynamics when compared to ring strain (ΔHp) which is typically the parameter of focus for the efficacy of low-strain monomer conversion. This analysis has allowed for the determination of a “Goldilocks” monomer (i.e. one that provides the best compromise of monomer conversion (56% conversion at −10 °C) and regioregularity (97% HT insertion) to be 3-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)cyclopentene which has never before been explored or reported. Due to this study, this monomer has now been identified as the ideal choice for isotactic polypentenamer studies moving forward.
Can We Justify It? Trends in the Utilization of Spinal Fusions and Associated Reimbursement.

BACKGROUND Previous reports have suggested an increasing rate of utilization of spinal fusions, but contemporary data have not been analyzed, and there has been little investigation of putative drivers of increased utilization. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is an ongoing trend of increased utilization of spinal fusions in recent data, and if there may be associations with an increasing proportion of elderly in the population, changing patterns of payer-types, and changing reimbursement rates. METHODS We analyze 7.1 million cases from the National Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2014. We measure annual utilization per 100 000 persons and conduct trend analyses with subgroup analysis of the senior (65 + ) population. Spine surgery utilization is compared with nonspine surgical procedures (coronary artery bypass grafting, hernia repair, hip, and knee replacement). We assess trends in charges, payer type, Medicare reimbursement rates, and hospital type. RESULTS There was an 88% increase in the utilization rate of spinal fusion procedures from 1998 to 2014 (from 74 to 139 cases per 100 000 persons) with a significant upward trend (P < .001) that persisted in the 65 + subgroup (P < .001). An increasing proportion of spinal fusions is paid for by public payers, but per-procedure reimbursement for spinal fusions by Medicare has decreased recently (5% reduction from 2014 to 2016). CONCLUSION Utilization of spinal fusions continues to increase and is not explained by increased proportion of elderly in the population, increased utilization of surgeries across specialties, or increased Medicare reimbursement. In fact, increased utilization of spinal fusions temporally correlated with decreasing per-procedure Medicare reimbursement.
Nutritional and environmental factors that affect hematopoiesis in an anemia model of zebrafish

Zebrafish is a common research model to study different physiological and genetic effects in humans. In the current research study, nutritional and environmental factors were altered to potentially create a sickle cell anemia model in zebrafish. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that affect hematopoiesis in order to better understand development and treatment of sickle cell anemia. The use of the zebrafish model for this project enabled the application of treatments by submersion. For each treatment ∼100 fertilized zebrafish eggs were placed in tank water containing the treatment. In addition to the control group, five supplements were included as treatments: iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, viper venom and the chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate. After 24 hours of development, 10 embryos from each treatment group were collected for gene expression analysis. After hatching, the zebrafish were raised for about 6 weeks to prepare blood smears to analyze the diameters and morphology of blood cells. Statistical analyses show there was a significant difference in the diameter of the folic acid and deferoxamine mesylate groups without significant alteration of growth of the fish. These data indicate the development of an anemia model in zebrafish is possible, and may provide evidence for the possibility of use of zebrafish for the development of treatment for anemia.
Issues with High School Preparation and Transition to College

This chapter explores the relationship among students’ preparation for college-level STEM coursework, their transition into undergraduate studies, and attrition from STEM majors. Nearly one-third of students were underprepared for advanced STEM coursework and this directly contributed to switching decisions for about half of these students. Students of color were more likely to feel that they were poorly prepared in math. Women of color, in particular, were most likely to attribute their decision to switch to a lack of STEM preparation. Many underprepared students had experienced poor teaching in high school or a rote curriculum that did not emphasize abstract or conceptual learning. Some students were also unprepared for the workload, organization, and time management required in undergraduate STEM courses. Lack of preparation and a difficult transition to college often coupled with other factors that ultimately contributed to students’ decision to leave STEM.
Association of Surgical Hospitalization with Brain Amyloid Deposition: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Positron Emission Tomography (ARIC-PET) Study.

BACKGROUND As more older adults undergo surgery, it is critical to understand the long-term effects of surgery on brain health, particularly in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease. This study examined the association of surgical hospitalization with subsequent brain β-amyloid deposition in nondemented older adults. METHODS The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Positron Emission Tomography (ARIC-PET) study is a prospective cohort study of 346 participants without dementia who underwent florbetapir PET imaging. Active surveillance of local hospitals and annual participant contact were used to gather hospitalization and surgical information (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes) over the preceding 24-yr period. Brain amyloid measured using florbetapir PET imaging was the primary outcome. Elevated amyloid was defined as a standardized uptake value ratio of more than 1.2. RESULTS Of the 313 participants included in this analysis (age at PET: 76.0 [SD 5.4]; 56% female), 72% had a prior hospitalization, and 50% had a prior surgical hospitalization. Elevated amyloid occurred in 87 of 156 (56%) participants with previous surgical hospitalization, compared with 45 of 87 (52%) participants who had no previous hospitalization. Participants with previous surgical hospitalizations did not show an increased odds of elevated brain amyloid (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.40; P = 0.370) after adjusting for confounders (primary analysis). Results were similar using the reference group of all participants without previous surgery (hospitalized and nonhospitalized; odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.58; P = 0.070). In a prespecified secondary analysis, participants with previous surgical hospitalization did demonstrate increased odds of elevated amyloid when compared with participants hospitalized without surgery (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.09 to 4.05; P = 0.026). However, these results were attenuated and nonsignificant when alternative thresholds for amyloid-positive status were used. CONCLUSIONS The results do not support an association between surgical hospitalization and elevated brain amyloid.
‘My parents never read my papers, but they watched my film': documentary filmmaking as feminist pedagogy

Feminist classrooms employ a variety of teaching strategies that empower students and inspire equity and justice. In this paper, we argue that integrating student-made documentary filmmaking into t...
Naturalizing the centennial: History, memory, and the limits of human lifespans:

Recent studies of centennials focus on explaining the social and political contexts for such commemorations. This paper develops an alternative, naturalistic theory of these long-range anniversarie...
ADHD May Associate With Reduced Tolerance to Acute Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Pilot Case-Control Intervention Study.

Objective:To test our hypothesis that individuals with ADHD would exhibit reduced resiliency to subconcussive head impacts induced by ten soccer headings.Method:We conducted a case-control interven...
A Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Decision Support: The Intermountain Risk Score Predicts Major Adverse Health Events in Patients Positive for COVID-19

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, stratifying risk is increasingly important. The Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) uses the complete blood count (CBC) and basic metabolic profile (BMP) as a first-line predictor of mortality and is widely validated. We hypothesized that IMRS predicts COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: Intermountain Healthcare patients aged ≥18 years were evaluated if they had CBC and BMP measured in 2019 and tested positive for COVID-19 in 2020. Viral RNA testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was conducted March 3 through November 2, 2020. IMRS used published sex-specific weightings and associations were evaluated for the composite of COVID-19 hospitalization or mortality. Findings: Among 3,883 patients, 8.2% were hospitalized, 1.6% died. Subjects with low, mild, moderate, and high-risk IMRS had the composite endpoint in 3.5% (52/1,502), 8.6% (108/1,256), 15.5% (152/979), and 28.1% (41/146), respectively. Versus low-risk, subjects in mild, moderate, and high-risk groups had HR=2.33 (95% CI: 1.67, 3.24), HR=4.01 (CI: 2.93, 5.50), and HR=8.34 (CI: 5.54, 12.57), respectively. Subjects aged <60 years had HR=3.06 (CI: 2.01, 4.65) and HR=7.38 (CI: 3.14, 17.34) for moderate and high versus low-risk, respectively; those ≥60 years had HR=1.95 (CI: 0.99, 3.86) and HR=3.40 (CI: 1.63, 7.07). In multivariable analyses, IMRS was independently predictive but was shown to capture substantial risk variation of comorbidities. Interpretation: IMRS, a simple risk score using very basic laboratory results, predicted COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. This included important abilities to identify risk in younger adults with few diagnosed comorbidities and to predict risk prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Funding Statement: This study was funded by internal Intermountain departmental funds. Declaration of Interests: BDH, HTM, BSR, and JLA are inventors of clinical decision tools that are licensed to CareCentra and Alluceo. BDH is the PI of grants related to clinical decision tools that were funded by Intermountain Healthcare’s Foundry innovation program, the Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation, CareCentra, GlaxoSmithKline, and AstraZeneca. BDH is a member of the scientific advisory board of Labme.ai. KUK is PI of and BDH a co-investigator of a grant funded by the Patient- Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). IDP was supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K23GM129661). Outside the current work, IDP has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Immunexpress Inc and funding to his institution from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. The authors have no other potential conflicts of interest to report. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved as a data-only historical records review study with a waiver of consent by the Intermountain Healthcare Institutional Review Board.
Hierarchy

Dominance hierarchies (sometimes called “pecking orders”) are virtually universal in social species, including humans. In most species and in ancestral and early human societies, these hierarchies allocate scarce resources, including food and often access to females. Humans sometimes use hierarchies for these allocational purposes, but humans use hierarchies for productive purposes as well—as in firms, universities, and governments. Productive hierarchies and dominance hierarchies share many features. As a result, people, including students of human behavior, often confuse types of hierarchies. For example, the Communist Manifesto attributes features to productive hierarchies that are actually characteristic of dominance hierarchies. Government hierarchies are particularly confusing, as they have many features of both types. In modern societies with socially mandated monogamy and voluntary attachment to hierarchies in the form of competitive labor markets, productive hierarchies are generally useful for all members, and it is important not to confuse the two types, either in policy or in scientific analysis.
HOPF Bifurcation with a General Transversality Condition

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes Hopf bifurcation with a general transversality condition. In a typical setting of the two dimensional version of the Hopf bifurcation theorem, a system is given that can be denoted by (1) μ. Under the specified condition, it can be proved using the transversality condition that there exists a function μ(c) defined for c sufficiently small, such that for each ĉ , there exist a u such that the system (1) u has a periodic orbit whose period is close to 2π and whose amplitude depends on ĉ . Moreover if ( x ( t ) y ( t )) is any periodic orbit of (1) u lying near the origin with period near 2π, then there exists c such that u = u ( ĉ ). The existence of the unique function μ = μ ( c ) depends heavily upon the transversality condition ( T ). When this condition does not hold, then other cases of bifurcation phenomena may exist.