cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOBILIZED INHIBITION AND THE APPRECIATION OF HOSTILE HUMOR

Singer, Gollob, and Levine (1967) found that Ss who had viewed brutal Goya etchings rated aggressive cartoons as significantly less funny than Ss who had viewed neutral Goya etchings; this effect did not occur with the nonaggressive cartoons. Singer, et al. attributed the decreased humor ratings to the psychoanalytic concept of mobilized inhibitions against aggression. The present study attempted to mobilize these inhibitions by means of a written description of torture. ColIege students (15 male and 15 female) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. One group read a vivid description of a brutal torture-murder which was introduced in such a way as to condemn the act fully while a second group read the identical description so introduced as to mitigate the enormity of the torture (expected to lessen the inhibition effect). A control group read a nonaggressive passage of equal length. Immediately after reading the passage. all Ss rated 16 cartoons for humor on a four-point scale ranging from not funny to very funny. Eight of the cartoons were nonaggressive and 8 aggressive; the aggressive cartoons depicted beatings, torture, and murder. The cartoons were arranged in random order. A two-way analysis of variance (sex and treatment as main effects) was performed on the difference berween Ss' aggressive cartoon score and neutral score to check for the predicted differential lowering of ratings in the aggressive cartoons. Another two-wag analysis of variance was performed on rhe total humor scores to check for a possible generalized inhibitory effect. Neither test yielded significant results (Ps < 1.00). Although all but two of the 20 Ss reported that the torture description was unpleasant to read, it is quite possible that the treatment did not have the desired potenq. Or, it may have been that inhibitions were mobilized but that a concomitant arousal of aggressive drive neutralized the effect. Dworkin and Efran (1967) demotutrated that aggressive arousal is capable of increasing humor ratings of aggressive humor. It remains for fume research to determine the validity of the psychoanalytic framework by manipulating the degree to which each variable operates.
Analysis of the syndrome of congenital malformations induced in genetically defined mice by acute riboflavin deficiency.

The role of genetics in the expression of a complex syndrome of teratologically induced congenital malformations was examined by the use of three inbred strains and 15 related crosses of mice. The syndrome, which included various limb, brain, orofacial, gastrointestinal, and miscellaneous malformations, was induced by an intense riboflavin deficiency produced by feeding the antagonist galactoflavin during midgestation. Analyses of the data showed that, although all three strains shared the major and most other features of the syndrome, there occurred in its manifestation vast quantitative and qualitative differences among them, in which they were resembled by their related crosses, such as to constitute strain-specific malformation patterns. The results can be regarded as typifying an animal counterpart of human situations, the three strains representing in toto the mouse family, each strain individually exhibiting the variety that occurs between siblings in expressing a single syndrome.
Non-Darcian Forced Convection in Porous Media With Anisotropic Dispersion

Convective heat transfer in a particle packed tube is modeled in this paper. Axial and radial dispersion are both included in the governing equations. Results are compared with experimental data, and with previously developed models that did not include axial dispersion. It is shown that heat transfer in the thermally developing region is affected by axial dispersion when Peclet number is smaller than 10. Graphic results are provided to show the importance of axial dispersion for various Peclet numbers. 17 refs., 5 figs.
Fanconi anemia associated with moyamoya disease in Saudi Arabia

We report a 10-year-old Saudi girl who has Fanconi anemia (FA) and was admitted due to acute hemiplegia, of the right side. She had a previous attack of left side hemiplegia that resolved spontaneously. The brain magnetic resonance angiography showed a cerebrovascular pattern of moyamoya disease. She underwent partially matched related donor stem cell transplantation (SCT), but unfortunately died 3 months later with post SCT complications. The association of moyamoya disease with FA is uncommon, and is rarely reported in the literature. Although this condition may be acquired, it is considered a truly congenital defect in FA, and to identify the etiology of this association furthermore genetic mutation analysis is needed.
What factors lead to self disclosure of bulimic women

Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is on the rise in almost every continent. Early identification and treatment is vital to improving health outcomes but recognition of women with bulimia by APNs is suboptimal. A major reason cited in the literature is the lack of disclosure associated with bulimic women. The purpose of this research is to describe factors that led or posed barriers to self-disclosure of BN. A descriptive, qualitative study was used with a convenience sample of fifteen women ages 20-62 who had disclosed their BN. Krippendorff’s method was used for content analysis. Factors facilitating disclosure included: possessing a “safety net” related to a relative, friend or HCP; feeling an intrinsic obligation to oneself to disclose; revealing BN as a result of provider “pull” on the patient; yearning to feel well; and relating to someone with a similar experience. Barriers included: shame, embarrassment, guilt and concern related to other’s perceptions. Some respondents had not disclosed to a HCP citing exposure might result in feeling forced to stop this behavior. Purging was described as personal and secretive where the seduction of the act itself far outweighed the risks associated with BN. This has important implications for APNs not only in recognizing the reasons underlying disclosure but in understanding how the act itself impacts on earlier detection.
Identifying Preservation and Restoration Priority Areas for Desert Fishes in an Increasingly Invaded World

A commonly overlooked aspect of conservation planning assessments is that wildlife managers are increasingly focused on habitats that contain non-native species. We examine this management challenge in the Gila River basin (150,730 km2), and present a new planning strategy for fish conservation. By applying a hierarchical prioritization algorithm to >850,000 fish records in 27,181 sub-watersheds we first identified high priority areas (PAs) termed “preservation PAs” with high native fish richness and low non-native richness; these represent traditional conservation targets. Second, we identified “restoration PAs” with high native fish richness that also contained high numbers of non-native species; these represent less traditional conservation targets. The top 10 % of preservation and restoration PAs contained common native species (e.g., Catostomus clarkii, desert sucker; Catostomus insignis, Sonora sucker) in addition to native species with limited distributions (i.e., Xyrauchen texanus, razorback sucker; Oncorhynchus gilae apache, Apache trout). The top preservation and restoration PAs overlapped by 42 %, indicating areas with high native fish richness range from minimally to highly invaded. Areas exclusively identified as restoration PAs also encompassed a greater percentage of native species ranges than would be expected by the random addition of an equivalent basin area. Restoration PAs identified an additional 19.0 and 26.6 % of the total ranges of two federally endangered species—Meda fulgida (spikedace) and Gila intermedia (Gila chub), respectively, compared to top preservation PAs alone—despite adding only 5.8 % of basin area. We contend that in addition to preservation PAs, restoration PAs are well suited for complementary management activities benefiting native fishes.
Slip and stress fields of a polycrystalline aggregate at different stages of loading

Abstract Heterogeneous slip and stress fields of a fine-grained polycrystalline aggregate of differently oriented crystals of long square cylinders were calculated at different stages of loading from the single crystal stress-strain curve. Conditions of equilibrium, continuity and the single crystal stress-strain relation arc satisfied throughout the aggregate. Since plane stress and plane strain solutions are similar, the same procedure can be used for calculating the slip and stress fields of a fine-grained, thin, polycrystalline plate of differently oriented crystals of square shape. The calculated tensile stress-strain curve of the aggregate is shown. Within the stage that the plastic strain is of the same order of magnitude as the elastic strain, the rate of strain hardening of individual crystals has little effect on the stress-strain relationship of the aggregate.
Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics and the nuclear equation of state.

The theory of dissipative, relativistic fluids due to Israel and Stewart is used to constrain the form of the nuclear equation of state. In the Israel-Stewart theory, there are conditions on the equation of state and other thermodynamic properties (the ``second-order'' coefficients) of a fluid which, if satisfied, guarantee that equilibria are stable and that fluid perturbations propagate causally and obey hyperbolic equations. The second-order coefficients in the Israel-Stewart theory, which are relaxation times for the dissipative degrees of freedom and coupling constants between different forms of dissipation, are derived for a free, degenerate Fermi gas. It is shown rigorously that the free, degenerate Fermi gas is stable (and hence causal) at all temperatures in this theory. These values for the second-order coefficients are then used in the stability conditions to constrain various proposed expressions for the nuclear ground-state energy. The stability conditions are found to provide significantly more stringent constraints on the proposed equations of state than the usual simple restriction that the adiabatic sound speed be less than the speed of light.
Optimum Design of a Ceramic Tensile Creep Specimen Using a Finite Element Method

An optimization procedure for designing a ceramic tensile creep specimen to minimize stress concentration is carried out using a finite element method. The effect of pin loading and the specimen geometry are considered in the stress distribution calculations. A growing contact zone between the pin and the specimen has been incorporated into the problem solution scheme as the load is increased to its full value. The optimization procedures are performed for the specimen, and all design variables including pinhole location and pinhole diameter, head width, neck radius, and gauge length are determined based on a set of constraints imposed on the problem. In addition, for the purpose of assessing the possibility of delayed failure outside the gage section, power-law creep in the tensile specimen is considered in the analysis. Using a particular grade of advanced ceramics as an example, it is found that if the specimen is not designed properly, significant creep deformation and stress redistribution may occur in the head of the specimen resulting in undesirable (delayed) head failure of the specimen during the creep test.
The effects of social identity on the self-set goals and task performance of high and low self-esteem individuals.

Social identification with co-workers was examined as a moderator of the frequently inscrutable link between worker self-esteem and goal setting. Weak or strong social identity was created in groups comprised of either high or low self-esteem persons. As expected, strengthening social identity increased perceived similarity to ingroup members regardless of self-esteem. Furthermore, only high self-esteem individuals with a strong social identity set higher goals for themselves, and achieved better performance, compared to high esteem/weak identity individuals or low self-esteem persons in either social identity condition. Increments in the goals and performance of high self-esteem individuals were associated with perceived similarity to ingroup members, and performance was attributed to personal ability. In contrast, the goals and performance of low self-esteem individuals were associated with certainty of goal achievement, and performance was attributed to perceptions of task difficulty. Asymmetrical effects of social identification are discussed in relation to group member personalities.
Microwave magnetic-envelope dark solitons in yttrium iron garnet thin films.

Dark solitons of magnetostatic surface waves in magnetic films have been observed for the first time. The experiments were conducted at 5.19 GHz on 7.2 \ensuremath{\mu}m single-crystal yttrium iron garnet films. The dark solitons were excited by 15 ns wide ``off'' pulses in a high power cw microwave signal applied to the film. The characteristic soliton narrowing effect in the output pulses was observed as the input power was increased above the 0.5--1 W threshold levels. The shape of the ``dark'' pulse agrees with the \ensuremath{\Vert}tanh\ensuremath{\Vert} functional dependence predicted from theory. Direct measurements of the carrier signal showed a phase shift of close to 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at the center of the dark soliton, also in agreement with theory.
Microbody proliferation in liver induced by nafenopin, a new hypolipidemic drug: comparison with CPIB.

Abstract Nafenopin (2-methyl-2[P-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 naphthyl) phenoxy]- propionic acid, a phenolic ether with hypolipidemic properties, when administered by gavage at 100 mg/kg b wt daily for 1 to 2 weeks, caused a significant increase in the number of microbody profiles and simultaneous increase in catalase activity in livers of male rats. The concentration of catalase protein and the rate of incorporation of H3-δ-aminolevulinic acid into catalase fraction, as determined by immunochemical methods were approximately twice that of controls. The microbody proliferation resulting from nafenopin treatment was comparable to that induced by CPIB.
Bits and pieces: constructing chess endgame databases on parallel and vector architectures☆

Abstract An endgame database for chess encodes optimal lines of play for a specific endgame involving a small number of pieces. The computation of such a database is feasible for as many as six pieces provided the inherent parallelism in the problem is fully exploited. Two computer architectures which can do this are the SIMD CM-2 and the vector multiprocessor YMP. For each machine the computer programs operate on sets of chess positions, each position represented by a single bit. The high-level algorithm is an iterative backtracking procedure. After describing endgame databases and classifying the complexity of endgames we outline the algorithms and give some details of their implementation in Fortran for parallel and vector architectures. For endgames with five or more pieces it is important to use the symmetries of the chess board to reduce storage requirements, and we indicate briefly how this can be done for the vector architecture. Some timing comparisons are presented.
Factors in sensory processing of prosody in schizotypal personality disorder: An fMRI experiment

Introduction Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits in prosody recognition. To examine prosody along the schizophrenia spectrum, antipsychotic-naive schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) subjects and healthy control subjects were compared. It was hypothesized that SPD subjects would perform more poorly; with cognitive and demographic factors contributing to the poor performance. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) was selected as the region-of-interest (ROI) given its known abnormalities in SPD and its important role in the processing of prosody.
Manufacturing optimization of shallow trench isolation for advanced CMOS logic technology

As VLSI technologies were scaled below 0.25 /spl mu/m, the semi-recessed thermal oxide (SROX) that was used for device isolation became inadequate. What replaced SROX isolation throughout the industry was pioneered by IBM and is referred to as shallow trench isolation (STI). STI accommodates much smaller design dimensions, but presents new process integration and control challenges. Performance, cost and complexity must be balanced to determine the most effective STI process. This paper discusses process control and manufacturing optimization of IBM's second-generation STI process. Film control details are discussed in the context of process variability. The elimination of several yield-limiting defect mechanisms such as micro-masking and seams is discussed in detail. In addition, corner treatment is discussed along with its impact on actual FET device characteristics.
A distributed memory LAPSE: parallel simulation of message-passing programs

This paper describes a tool, LAPSE (Large Application Parallel Simulation Environment), that allows one to use a small number of parallel processors to simulate the behavior of a message-passing code running on a large number of processors, for the purposes of scalability studies and performance tuning. LAPSE is implemented on the Intel Paragon, and has achieved small slowdowns (relative to native code) and high speed-ups on large problems.
Chronic exposure to anticholinergic medications adversely affects the course of Alzheimer disease.

Objective Authors examined the effect of chronic exposure to anticholinergics in a cohort of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods All patients were examined annually with standard neuropsychologic tests and received the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/day. The study population (N = 69) was divided into two groups: those receiving one or more concomitant medications with significant anticholinergic properties (N = 16) and those receiving no concomitant medications with anticholinergic properties (N = 53). Results At 2 years, MMSE scores were significantly worse for patients receiving anticholinergic medications than for those not on anticholinergics. Conclusion Although very preliminary, these data suggest that concomitant therapy with anticholinergics may be associated with significant deleterious effects on acetylcholinesterase therapy, or, more speculatively, that chronic exposure to anticholinergics may have adverse effects on the clinical course of AD.
A study in cooperative control: the RoboFlag drill

We take an optimization approach, inspired by Bemporad and Morari (1999), toward synthesizing control strategies for cooperative muti-agent systems. We successfully apply this approach to a subproblem derived from a new test-bed for studies in cooperative systems called the RoboFlag competition.
Computer science accreditation-real needs, real concerns, real progress

The Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) approved new criteria in January 1987 in response to concerns that had been voiced about accreditation in general and its criteria in particular. The need and importance of accreditation to the computer science community is discussed, as are the concerns that have been articulated. The changes between the original and new criteria are reviewed. The latter are viewed as being more consistent with principles of accreditation that have been adopted by organizations of institutions of higher education. >
Relationships between affect, vigilance, and sleepiness following sleep deprivation

This pilot study examined the relationships between the effects of sleep deprivation on subjective and objective measures of sleepiness and affect, and psychomotor vigilance performance. Following an adaptation night in the laboratory, healthy young adults were randomly assigned to either a night of total sleep deprivation (SD group; n = 15) or to a night of normal sleep (non-SD group; n = 14) under controlled laboratory conditions. The following day, subjective reports of mood and sleepiness, objective sleepiness (Multiple Sleep Latency Test and spontaneous oscillations in pupil diameter, PUI), affective reactivity/regulation (pupil dilation responses to emotional pictures), and psychomotor vigilance performance (PVT) were measured. Sleep deprivation had a significant impact on all three domains (affect, sleepiness, and vigilance), with significant group differences for eight of the nine outcome measures. Exploratory factor analyses performed across the entire sample and within the SD group alone revealed that the outcomes clustered on three orthogonal dimensions reflecting the method of measurement: physiological measures of sleepiness and affective reactivity/regulation, subjective measures of sleepiness and mood, and vigilance performance. Sleepiness and affective responses to sleep deprivation were associated (although separately for objective and subjective measures). PVT performance was also independent of the sleepiness and affect outcomes. These findings suggest that objective and subjective measures represent distinct entities that should not be assumed to be equivalent. By including affective outcomes in experimental sleep deprivation research, the impact of sleep loss on affective function and their relationship to other neurobehavioral domains can be assessed.
Keynes, uncertainty and interest rates

Uncertainty plays an important role in The General Theory, particularly in the theory of interest rates. Keynes did not provide a theory of uncertainty, but he did make some enlightening remarks about the direction he thought such a theory should take. I argue that some modern innovations in the theory of probability allow us to build a theory which captures these Keynesian insights. If this is the right theory, however, uncertainty cannot carry its weight in Keynes’s arguments. This does not mean that the conclusions of these arguments are necessarily mistaken; in their best formulation they may succeed with merely an appeal to risk. “Employment was a problem because investment was; and investment was problematic because of the uncertainty of its return.” (Shapiro, 1997, 83) Keynes clearly saw an important role for uncertainty in his General Theory. However, few contemporaries agreed with him, and subsequent ‘Keynesians’ generally obliterated the distinction between risk and uncertainty. In part this was caused by Keynes’s informal presentation of his views on uncertainty in The General Theory. This paper has two aims. The first is to sketch a formal theory of uncertainty which captures Keynes’s insights about the risk/uncertainty distinction. I argue that the theory of imprecise probabilities developed in recent years best captures Keynes’s intuitions about uncertainty. In particular this theory provides a formal distinction between risk and uncertainty, and allows for an analysis of Keynes’s ‘weight’ of arguments. However, the second aim is to show that if this is right then Keynes was wrong to draw the economic consequences of uncertainty that he did. In broad terms, I argue that uncertainty is economically impotent. It only has effects in conjunction with some other feature of models or the world, such as missing markets or agent irrationality. But these features plus the existence of risk are sufficient to get the conclusions Keynes wants. These conclusions of Keynes might be right, but if so they can be justified without reference to Keynesian uncertainty. At the end of the day, uncertainty is not as economically interesting as it appears.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationship to the prognosis and treatment of breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer

Tumor neovascularization is a complex process that plays a crucial role in the development of many different types of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen that is involved with mitogenesis, angiogenesis, endothelial survival, and the induction of hematopoiesis. By increasing vascular permeability in endothelial cells, it helps tumors recruit wound-healing proteins fibrin and fibrinogen from the plasma, suggesting that tumor formation is a process of abnormal wound healing dependent on the ability to generate a blood supply. The human female reproductive tract is highly dependent on VEGF for normal functions such as endometrial proliferation and development of the corpus luteum. The unique influence of female sex steroid hormones on the expression and activity of VEGF deems angiogenesis an important facet of the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Additionally, the up-regulation of VEGF by the E6 oncoprotein of the human papillomavirus suggests that VEGF plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer. Clinical trials have investigated the humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab as potential treatment for all three forms of cancer; the data show that in breast cancer, the use of bevacizumab may lengthen the disease-free survival for women with advanced breast cancer, but does not appear to change their overall survival. It may have a role as salvage chemotherapy for ovarian and cervical cancer, though further research is needed to establish it as a definitive form of treatment.
A review of fractality and self-similarity in complex networks

We review recent findings of self-similarity in complex networks. Using the box-covering technique, it was shown that many networks present a fractal behavior, which is seemingly in contrast to their small-world property. Moreover, even non-fractal networks have been shown to present a self-similar picture under renormalization of the length scale. These results have an important effect in our understanding of the evolution and behavior of such systems. A large number of network properties can now be described through a set of simple scaling exponents, in analogy with traditional fractal theory.
Differential Effects of Reinforcing Topographic Components of Social Interaction Analysis and Direct Replication

This study investigated the effects of reinforcing, singly and in combination, three topographic components of social interaction among socially withdrawn children assigned to an experimental class...
The Circadian Clock Mutation Alters Sleep Homeostasis in the Mouse

The onset and duration of sleep are thought to be primarily under the control of a homeostatic mechanism affected by previous periods of wake and sleep and a circadian timing mechanism that partitions wake and sleep into different portions of the day and night. The mouse Clock mutation induces pronounced changes in overall circadian organization. We sought to determine whether this genetic disruption of circadian timing would affect sleep homeostasis. The Clock mutation affected a number of sleep parameters during entrainment to a 12 hr light/dark (LD 12:12) cycle, when animals were free-running in constant darkness (DD), and during recovery from 6 hr of sleep deprivation in LD 12:12. In particular, in LD 12:12, heterozygous and homozygous Clock mutants slept, respectively, approximately 1 and approximately 2 hr less than wild-type mice, and they had 25 and 51% smaller increases in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during 24 hr recovery, respectively, than wild-type mice. The effects of the mutation on sleep are not readily attributable to differential entrainment to LD 12:12 because the baseline sleep differences between genotypes were also present when animals were free-running in DD. These results indicate that genetic alterations of the circadian clock system and/or its regulatory genes are likely to have widespread effects on a variety of sleep and wake parameters, including the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
Threshold and temperature dependence of quantum dot laser diodes approaching ideal performance

Low threshold QD laser with threshold current density ≪10 A/cm2 is experimentally shown and threshold current temperature dependence of a QD laser with an ideal delta function density of electronic states is analyzed.
Initialization for improved IIR filter performance

A new method for initializing the memory registers of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters is introduced. In addition to providing improved performance as compared to other methods of initialization, this method is unique in that it makes no prior assumptions regarding the input-signal content. Therefore, the method applies equally well to a variety of IIR filter designs and applications. The method is best suited for signal processing applications in which 'batch' processing of the data is used. However, sequential processing, can be accommodated when delays at the beginning of a processing segment can be tolerated. >
Geometric optics of Bloch waves in a chiral and dissipative medium

We present a geometric optics theory for the transport of quantum particles (or classical waves) in a chiral and dissipative periodic crystal subject to slowly varying perturbations in space and time. Taking account of some properties of particles and media neglected in previous theory, we find important additional terms in the equations of motion of particles. The (energy) current density field, which traces the geometric optics rays, is not only governed by the Bloch band energy dispersion but also involves there additional fields. These are the angular momentum of the particle, the dissipation dipole density, and various geometric gauge fields in the extended phase space spanned by space time and its reciprocal, momentum, and frequency. For simplicity, the theory is presented using light propagation in photonic crystals.
A new mechanism revealed for the action of antibodies on acetylcholine receptor function

Abstract Rabbits and sheep were inoculated with acetylcholine (ACh) receptor protein from Torpedo electric organ. Immunoglobulins (IgGs) were purified from the sera, and their effects on binding of ligands to Torpedo membranes as well as ACh receptor-induced 22Na+ flux in these membranes were determined. Immune rabbit IgGs inhibited binding of [3H]ACh and [125I]α-bungarotoxin to the ACh receptor sites but not the binding of [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin ([3H]H12-HTX) to the receptor's ionic channel site. On the other hand, immune sheep IgGs did not inhibit binding of any of these three ligands. Yet, the two IgGs from rabbit and sheep inhibited the ACh receptor-induced 22Na+ flux. The initial rate of binding of [3H]H12-HTX to the membranes was potentiated by carbamylcholine, which reflected the allosteric effect of the receptor site on the ionic channel site. Both rabbit and sheep IgGs inhibited this potentiation. It is suggested that these immune sheep sera contain IgGs which inhibit ACh receptor function by means of interfering with the agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptor-channel complex. Immune rabbit IgGs inhibit receptor function possibly by a similar mechanism but, in addition, by inhibiting [3H]ACh binding to the receptor. Antibodies such as those found in the sheep sera would inhibit receptor function by blocking its conformational changes, while leaving the α-BGT binding site unoccupied.
Efficient SMP-aware MPI-level broadcast over InfiniBand's hardware multicast

Most of the high-end computing clusters found today feature multi-way SMP nodes interconnected by an ultra-low latency and high bandwidth network. InfiniBand is emerging as a high-speed network for such systems. InfiniBand provides a scalable and efficient hardware multicast primitive to efficiently implement many MPI collective operations. However, employing hardware multicast as the communication method may not perform well in all cases. This is true especially when more than one process is running per node. In this context, shared memory channel becomes the desired communication medium within the node as it delivers latencies which are of an order of magnitude lower than the inter-node message latencies. Thus, to deliver optimal collective performance, coupling hardware multicast with shared memory channel becomes necessary. In this paper we propose mechanisms to address this issue. On a 16-node 2-way SMP cluster, the Leader-based scheme proposed in this paper improves the performance of the MPI/spl I.bar/Bcast operation by a factor of as much as 2.3 and 1.8 when compared to the point-to-point and original solution employing only hardware multicast. We have also evaluated our designs on NUMA based system and obtained a performance improvement of 1.7 using our designs on 2-node 4-way system. We also propose a dynamic attach policy as an enhancement to this scheme to mitigate the impact of process skew on the performance of the collective operation.
Novel Developments in Cognitive fMRI

The past decade has seen dramatic growth in the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive processes. Strikingly, this growth has been driven not by technical advances—indeed, the methods used to study cognition often lag those targeting physiological or biophysical questions—but by new insights into experimental design and analysis. This chapter considers the factors that have allowed the rapid expansion of fMRI into new disciplines, particularly within the social sciences. It focuses on two areas of recent emphasis, neuroeconomics and social neuroscience that together illustrate the capabilities and limitations of applying fMRI to human cognition. While the future directions of fMRI will include continued progress in these and other fields, there will be increasing emphasis on commercial and policy applications and on new biomarkers for clinical disorders.
On the local connectivity of limit sets of kleinian groups

The main result here is the fact that the limit set of a geometrically finite Kleinian group with connected limit set is locally connected. For an analytically finite Kleinian group with connected limit set, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the limit set to be locally connected.
Where Do the Mermaids Stand? Toward a “Gender-Creative” Pastoral Sensibility

This article argues that a pastoral sensibility that takes into account research into “gender creativity” (the term coined by Diane Ehrensaft, adapted from Donald W. Winnicott’s phrase “individual creativity”) in children allows places of worship to be better sanctuaries for authentic living. One way this pastoral sensibility can be expressed is through a gender-creative reading of scripture, demonstrated here by positioning the visit of the Canaanite woman to Jesus in Matthew 15:21–29 as a model for advocacy on behalf of gender-nonconforming children.
Computational Study of the Enantioselective Deprotonation of a Cyclopropanecarboxamide with an Alkyllithium in the Presence of Sparteine

The enantioselective deprotonation of N,N-diisopropy-1-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide (2) with i-PrLi-(-)-sparteine has been studied at theoretical levels up through B3LYP/6-311+G*. Thirty-six conformationally flexible intermediate complexes involving i-PrLi-(-)-sparteine and 2 were located via geometry optimizations The lowest energy complex would lead to abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen from 2, and several higher energy complexes would lead to loss of the pro-R hydrogen. The lowest energy complex was found to have the lowest activation energy leading to loss of the pro-S hydrogen of 2 as observed experimentally. The results demonstrate that the conformations of the N,N-diisopropyl groups in the amide moiety of 2 have a large effect on the enantioselectivity of the lithiation.
Alteration of Microstructure of West Valley Glass by Heat Treatment

Samples of West Valley reference glass WVCM–59 were subjected to isothermal heat treatment according to a systematic schedule of time-temperature combinations. Phases crystallizing during heat treatment were analyzed and quantified using an SEM equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray detector and image processing and analyzing capabilities. Only small amounts of noble metals (e.g. Rh, Pd) and RuO2 were present in the as-melted glass, but these frequently serve as nucleation sites during heat treatment. Iron-group spinels containing Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn in variable proportions were the most common phases observed, appearing in quantities up to 3.5 vol% in heat treated glass. The formation of a thoria-ceria phase occurred at temperatures of 900°C and below. Acmites formed at temperatures of 800°C and below. A lithium phosphate phase with a particularly interesting morphology developed after prolonged heat treatment at temperatures between 600–750°C. The same phase appeared in a range of glass compositions. However, canister cooling curves preclude such a phase in production glass. Furthermore, no such phase was found in actual canister-cooled glass.
Cross–Time Scale Interactions and Rainfall Extreme Events in Southeastern South America for the Austral Summer. Part II: Predictive Skill

AbstractPotential and real predictive skill of the frequency of extreme rainfall in southeastern South America for the December–February season are evaluated in this paper, finding evidence indicating that mechanisms of climate variability at one time scale contribute to the predictability at another scale; that is, taking into account the interference of different potential sources of predictability at different time scales increases the predictive skill. Part I of this study suggested that a set of daily atmospheric circulation regimes, or weather types, was sensitive to these cross–time scale interferences, conducive to the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in the region, and could be used as a potential predictor. At seasonal scale, a combination of those weather types indeed tends to outperform all the other candidate predictors explored (i.e., sea surface temperature patterns, phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation, and combinations of both). Spatially averaged Kendall’s τ improvements of 43% f...
Polyomavirus in a lung transplant patient.

51-year-old Asian woman with a history of systemic scleroderma underwent bilateral lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease. She was then put on cyclophosphamide as an immunosuppressant. She soon developed hematuria; cyclophosphamide was discontinued and was replaced with mycophenolate. Hematuria workup was undertaken; a bladder biopsy was unremarkable, but urine cytology showed numerous large cells with enlarged nuclei and scant cytoplasm, which mimicked cancer cells. Figure 1 (original magnification 340) displays the decoy cell surrounded by normal (smaller) urothelial cells. Figure 2 (original magnification 3100) displays a cell with a characteristic homogeneous, opaque, blue-black, intranuclear inclusion. These features are consistent with polyomavirus. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive DNA polymerase chain reaction in the blood and urine for BK virus. BK virus is a unenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus of the Papovaviridae family and a relative of the JC virus (the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy). It was first isolated in 1971 from a urine sample obtained from a renal transplant recipient. The names of
22 CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS: SYMPTOMATIC IMPROVEMENT WITH HYDRALAZINE AND ISORDIL.

Case S.M. is a 55-year-old lady who presented to an outlying hospital with a 2- to 3-week history of shortness of breath and lower extremity edema. There was no significant past medical history. Pertinent findings included echocardiogram with a normal EF, biatrial enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy with ground-glass appearance. Chest radiography showed bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left, and she was anemic. During hospitalization, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was identified and an AICD was placed. She underwent bone marrow biopsy, which was 80% cellular with plasma cells and amyloid deposition, and was transferred to the university hospital. SPEP and UPEP showed monoclonal spike. Repeat echocardiography showed a ground-glass appearance with an EF of 50%, marked biatrial enlargement, a small pericardial effusion, normal valves, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. A diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma was made, and the patient underwent right heart catheterization, which showed RA equal to 16 mm Hg, RV of 58/16, PA of 60/21, PCW equal to 18, and cardiac output of 4.6 L/min. The patient was then started on a 72-hour infusion of β-natriuretic peptide at 0.01 μg/kg/min to increase venous capacity and decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. A transition from Natrecor was made to a program of hydralazine (25 mg tid) and Isordil (10 mg tid). The patient was discharged and medications were up-titrated on an outpatient basis. She continued to improve to a functional class II level and was being considered for bone marrow transplantation. Repeat right heart catheterization was performed, which showed improvement with the RA pressure equal to 9, RV of 45/9, PA of 48/28, and a wedge of 17. She was continued on a program of aldactone 25 mg daily, bumetadine 2 mg daily, hydralazine 37.5 mg tid, Isordil 20 mg tid, mexilitine 150 mg tid, and Coumadin for intermittent atrial fibrillation. The patient was well at home, carrying on a full and active lifestyle when she experienced an episode of sudden death that was unresponsive to AICD therapy. Postmortem interrogation of AICD showed ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. This case demonstrates a significant improvement in functional capability of the restrictive cardiomyopathy of amyloidosis by increasing venous capacity and decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance with hydralazine and Isordil with an increase in functional capacity.
AAOS Meeting Roundup

Amid the lights and sounds of the Vegas Strip, this year’s American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) meeting provided an energy-filled opportunity to gather and share the latest techniques, research and exciting technologies in orthopaedic surgery. For most, the days started with a cup of coffee in hand, heading to CME lectures or specialty-specific paper presentations which were then defended during collegial question-and-answer sessions, leading into the lunch hour with countless gourmet restaurants within sight of the convention hall. And of course, after the afternoon sessions there was the opportunity to reunite over dinner and drinks with old colleagues and previous co-residents. The occasional walk through the technological expo revealed a hall packed with the latest and greatest implants and techniques from some familiar names, and some new startup companies hoping to pique some interest. A clear highlight of the week was the changing of the guards as previous Academy president Dr Frederick M. Azar handed over the …
Linear Discrete Inverse Problems

In this chapter, we examine the most important and, yet, relatively simple type of inverse problem, which arises in the case of a linear forward modeling operator and discrete data and model parameters. Our study begins with the traditional least-squares method. After that, we will learn how the same problem can be solved based on the principles of probability theory. Finally, we will discuss different aspects of implementing regularization principles in the solution of the linear discrete inverse problem. The chapter will conclude with the analysis of the classical Backus-Gilbert method of a solution of the linear inverse problem.
Leading-edge information technologies and American local governments

In this study, I examine the adoption, penetration and impacts of the adoption of leading-edge information technologies in American local governments. I also discuss future trends with respect to these technologies. Data for this study come from three nationwide surveys of information technology in local governments and a series of case studies in US cities about the adoption of leading-edge information technologies.My principal findings are that American local governments have adopted a range of these technologies and can be expected to do so in coming years. This is especially true of the adoption of electronic government. Local government characteristics associated with adoption include principally local government size as measured by population. Other characteristics include type and form of government, region of the country, and metropolitan status. Additionally, local governments adopt leading-edge information technologies for both general reasons (e.g., to improve efficiency and effectiveness) and to solve specific problems (e.g., the adoption of automated fingerprint identification systems to solve crimes).Finally, future trends can expect to see American local governments adopt more leading-edge technologies, in part because local governments believe that they produce largely positive results. These technologies will continue to penetrate local government organizations more deeply, and, thus, provide greater payoffs. Finally, as newer and more sophisticated information technologies are adopted, local governments will necessarily have to provide more integration and support for them.
The War of Ideas: The Role of the “Afterlife”

The “war of ideas” is actually a war between “ideas,” on the one hand, and “dogmas” on the other. Some groups are more characterized by their ideas; others by their dogmas.
The Environment is a Moral and Spiritual Issue

The fact that the environment and environmental issues are moral and spiritual issues has been strongly reinforced by the release of Pope Francis’ encyclical, Laudato Si: On Care for Our Common Home. Defining environmental questions in this way is not new, dating at least from the philosophical writings of Aldo Leopold in the United States and his famous “land ethic” essay, published in 1948. My own four earlier books in the last two decades, Embracing Earth, The Greening of Faith, Ecology and Religion, and Sustainability and Spirituality, have focused, in their entirety, on the moral, spiritual, and human values aspects of environmentalism, including the issues of intergenerational equity and social justice. But Pope Francis has raised the bar substantially on all such issues, and many around the world will now see climate change, biodiversity, agricultural practice, and other environmental questions in light of moral values and spirituality. Given the global spotlight on the encyclical, it is important to understand its content, point by point, in order to better understand its implications, as it begins to influence and perhaps even drive the global debate beyond narrower questions of science, economics, and politics. This chapter performs that task. Anyone who has never seen the environment as a moral and spiritual issue, now, thanks to Pope Francis, has a reason to—and a way to as well. The widely praised, somewhat reviled, and much discussed papal encyclical, Laudato Si: On Care for Our Common Home, issued on June 18, 2015, and consisting of 184 pages, lays out a comprehensive and well-integrated approach, in fact the only realistic approach to addressing the environmental challenge at hand. The environmental challenge we face is daunting and complex, and the encyclical provides a method for approaching it that matches the magnitude of the challenge. The goal of this chapter was to introduce the encyclical to a wider audience and give the audience a taste of its content—as well as to make the point that the encyclical is now a central argument in our consideration of climate change in particular and environmental issues in general. The importance of this document should not be underestimated.
Iterative EM Estimation Based LDPC CDMA Receiver

This paper proposes a scheme of iteratively obtaining an estimate of channel coefficient and noise power spectral density (PSD), initially with the aid of pilot symbols. The iterative receiver employs a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and channel estimation based on expectation maximization. Pilot bits are distributed among subframes followed by spreading and binary phase-shift keying. At the receiver, an initial estimate of channel coefficient and noise PSD is obtained using pilot information. Subsequent values of channel coefficient and noise PSD are both iteratively updated by the soft feedback from the LDPC decoder. The updated channel coefficient and noise PSD are iteratively passed to the LDPC decoder, which results in an improved decoding accuracy, as shown.