cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1327 THE PRESENCE OF EXTRAPROSTATIC EXTENSION INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH FROM PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH PT3B DISEASE

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with pathologic T3b (seminal vesicle invasion) prostate cancer are at increased risk for disease recurrence and cancer-related mortality following radical prostatectomy (RP). Clinicopathologic features which stratify the risk of disease progression in these patients continue to be defined. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in patients with pT3b tumors with regard to the risks of subsequent biochemical recurrence (BCR), systemic progression (SP), and death from prostate cancer. METHODS: We reviewed 16,453 patients who underwent RP without prior therapy at our institution from 1987-2009 to identify patients noted to have pT3bN0 disease. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method and compared with the log rank test. The association of EPE with outcome was evaluated on Cox multivariate hazards regression models, controlling for Gleason score, preoperative PSA, tumor volume, and surgical margin status. RESULTS: A total of 1,132 patients with pT3b disease at RP were identified. Mean postoperative follow-up was 10.6 years (range 0-23.3). Of these, 693 (61%) also had pathologic evidence of EPE. Men with EPE, compared to those without, had a higher mean preoperative PSA (21.1 ng/ml vs 14.1 ng/ml; p 0.0001) and an increased rate of pathologic Gleason score 8-10 (28.1% vs 16.9%; p 0.0001). Overall, compared to patients without EPE, patients with EPE had an increased risk of BCR (63% vs 53%), SP (22% vs 14%), and death from prostate cancer (14% vs 8%) (p 0.0001 for all). Moreover, on multivariate analysis, the presence of EPE remained associated with significantly increased risks of BCR (HR 1.32, p 0.003), SP (HR 1.56, p 0.01), and death from prostate cancer (HR 1.7, p 0.03). In addition, increased Gleason score and higher tumor volume were significant predictors of death from prostate cancer (HR 2.31, p 0.0001; and HR 1.33, p 0.0006). On the other hand, administration of adjuvant hormonal therapy was associated with significantly lower risks of BCR (HR 0.32, p 0.0001), SP (HR 0.42, p 0.0001), and prostate cancer death (HR 0.49, p 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of EPE in patients with pT3b prostate cancer is significantly associated with increased risks of BCR, SP, and death from prostate cancer following RP. As the presence of EPE portends poorer outcomes in this patient population, consideration of adjuvant therapy should be given to pT3b patients with this pathologic finding.
Ozone Alteration of Nitrate Reduction in Soybean

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were harvested at various periods after a 2 h exposure to determine the effects of ozone on nitrate reductase and selected metabolites related to nitrate reduction. Ozone initially depressed the concentrations of reducing sugars, amino acids, and nitrate reductase activity. On subsequent days following exposure, amino acid and protein levels were higher than the respective controls while the levels of reducing sugars and nitrate reductase activity returned to control levels. The ozone depression of nitrate reduction was not the result of a direct ozone reaction with the nitrate reductase protein but rather an interference with reactions that supplied the NAD(P)H needed for nitrate reduction.
Beitrag zur Differentialdiagnose zwischen Hirntumor und Meningitis aus dem Liquorbefund

Dieser Krankheitsverlauf lehrt, das die klinischen Symptome der tuberkulosen Meningitis bei Erwachsenen nicht immer sehr ausgepragt sein mussen. Nackensteifigkeit und Kernigsches Zeichen konnen fehlen. Selbst wenn ein tuberkuloser Primarherd nicht zu finden ist, kann eine tuberkulose Meningitis nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
A comparison of human lymphoid cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Abstract Human lymphoid cells from normal donors, hospitalized controls, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were examined for their ability to act as effector cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These cells were also examined for the presence of a cell surface receptor for antigen-antibody complexes, i.e., an Fc receptor. Cells from normal and hospitalized controls exhibited comparable levels of ADCC activity and Fc receptors. Those from patients with CLL had decreased or absent ADCC activity and normal to increased percentages of cells with Fc receptors. Cells from LCL had no ADCC activity and no detectable cells with Fc receptors. The presence of an Fc receptor on lymphoid cells appears to be a necessary prerequisite of normal ADCC activity, but is in itself insufficient to insure normal ADCC activity.
Ischemic heart disease and the Mediterranean diet.

Lifestyle modification is primary in cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention. A major contribution is the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), defined by two of seven components. Italian investigators determined a significant decrease in peripheral arterial disease of 56 % for a high score. Multiple specific CV risk factors are also favorably modified by the MedDiet. This includes beneficial effect on inflammation, vascular endothelium, and insulin resistance. There is also evidence that coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome are decreased. Benefit appears to extend to new migrants in France. The economics of dietary adherence are favorable with decreased total lifetime health costs. Although mixed nuts appear to be a major factor in the MedDiet, special emphasis goes to extra virgin olive oil. Benefit also extends to other noncommunicable diseases with a decrease in cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Further quantitation of benefit and understanding of mechanisms involved in dietary benefit is essential.
Time makes a difference to everyone, everywhere: the need for effective regionalization of emergency and critical care.

Emergency and critical care plays a unique role by dealing with life-threatening disease processes across broad populations and geographies. Evidenced-based improvements in emergency care have been shown to improve immediate morbidity and mortality, as well as to affect long-term outcomes in a variety of time-sensitive conditions, including major trauma, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and stroke. The effect of these lifesaving interventions depends not only on rapid diagnosis by well-trained out-of-hospital providers and emergency clinicians but also on the availability of timely interventions, appropriate care delivery systems, and specialized critical care resources. In this issue of Annals, Wang and Yealy have shown that these specialized critical resources are relatively rare. Only 27% of the nation’s 4,931 acute care hospitals studied reported having one of these specialized critical care resources, and less than 5% provided specialty critical care services for trauma, STEMI, stroke, and pediatric critical care. Furthermore, the authors found that the distribution of these specialized critical care resources varied widely among states and populations. This finding leaves important questions about why such variation exists and whether available specialty care resources are appropriately matched to patient and societal health care needs.
Processing and Representation of Arguments in One-Sided Texts about Disputed Topics.

We examine students' processing and representation of arguments and counterarguments in one-sided scientific texts. In Experiment 1, students read texts about evolution and TV violence. Sentence reading times indicated that subjects slowed down reading to the extent that arguments were both more consistent, and inconsistent, with the text position. We refer to this processing pattern as argument-focused processing. We also examined whether students hold their beliefs for evidence- or affect-based reasons (belief basis). For the evolution texts, belief basis moderated argument-focused processing. In Experiment 2, subjects read a one-sided text, then a neutral text, and then wrote a summary of the neutral text. Compared to affect-based subjects, evidence-based subjects wrote summaries that were more neutral. Beliefs predicted few differences in processing or representation. We conclude that subjects engage in argument-focused processing when reading one-sided scientific texts. We tentatively conclude that a...
Comparative distribution of proteins and glycoproteins of serum and synovial fluid.

The distribution of proteins and glycoproteins in the synovial fluid and serum of normal patients and those with rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases is presented. Joint disease tends to result in similar concentrations of protein in both serum and synovial fluid. Of particular interest is the distribution of alpha2 glycoprotein. The relative concentration of this high molecular weight substance between serum and synovial fluid seems to be a most sensitive index of the semipermeability of the synovial membrane. Es presentate le distribution de proteinas e glycoproteinas in le liquido synovial e in le sero de subjectos normal e de patientes con arthritis rheumatoide e con altere morbos rheumatic. Morbo articular tende a monstrar simile concentrationes de proteina in le sero e in le liquido synovial. De interesse particular es le distribution de glycoproteina alpha2. Le concentration relative de iste substantia a alte peso molecular in le sero e in le liquido synovial pare esser un sensibilissime indice del semipermeabilitate del membrana synovial.
Diffusion of radioactively tagged penetrants through rubbery polymers. I. Penetrants with very low solubility

The diffusion of radioactively tagged n-hexadecane, 1,7-heptanediol, and ethylene glycol has been studied in one polar and six nonpolar rubbery polymers. The penetrant–polymer pairs included some in which the two components were miscible in all proportions and some in which they were nearly incompatible (solubility of penetrant in polymer of the order of 1%). The theory for the thin smear method for measuring the diffusion coefficient was evaluated for incompatible pairs with two cases: case 2, when the rate-limiting step is diffusion through the polymer; and case 3, when the rate-limiting step is entry into the polymer across the penetrant–polymer interface. They are easily distinguished experimentally from each other and from case 1, which refers to completely miscible pairs. In examples of case 3, e.g., ethylene glycol with butadiene or styrene–butadiene rubbers, the half-time for saturating the polymer surface in contact with the penetrant was found to be several days at 25°C. The diffusion coefficients, when compared in four hydrocarbon rubbers, of n-hexadecane and 1,7-heptanediol were similar in magnitude even though in each rubber the hexadecane was soluble in all proportions and the diol only very slightly. The diffusion coefficient of ethylene glycol, despite its extreme thermodynamic incompatibility, appeared to be somewhat larger than those of the other penetrants.
Engine Cycle Selection for Advanced Technology Engine Studies

Methodology for selecting cycle parameters using advanced technology engine data is presented. This method was developed and refined during airframe design studies which used engine data designed to reduce the cost of ownership of new engines. Conventional methods of engine cycle selection are supplemented with additional parameters which weighed engine acquisition and operational costs. Using these data, aircraft performance and size penalties could be evaluated relative to overall system cost. Study results are shown for several high performance aircraft which are being evaluated as part of the joint USAF/USN Advanced Technology Engine Studies.Copyright © 1981 by ASME
The optimal projection equations with Petersen-Hollot Bounds: Robust controller synthesis with guaranteed structured stability radius

A feedback control-design problem involving parametric plant uncertainties is considered. A quadratic Lyapunov function suggested by recent work of Petersen and Hollot is utilized for guaranteeing robust stability with robust performance bound for given structured stability radius in the sense of Hinrichsen and Pritchard. Necessary conditions which generalize the optimal projection equations for fixed-order dynamic compensation are used to characterize the controller which minimizes the performance bound. The design equations effectively serve as sufficient conditions for synthesizing controllers possessing robust stability and performance.
3D Microwave Nearfield Radar Imaging (NRI) using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for non-invasive breast cancer detection

This abstract describes our latest results in the design of new 3D breast cancer imaging system that combines Microwave Nearfield Radar Imaging (NRI) and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT).
The combined effect of carbon and neutron radiation on molybdenum

Abstract The formation of defect clusters, spots and loops, in molybdenum due to neutron irradiation at 40°C was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Carbon promotes the heterogeneous nucleation of clusters and is responsible for the formation of resolvable dislocation loops. A saturation level in the density of spots and loops is attained after an exposure of approximately 1019 nvt, independent of the carbon concentration and further irradiation produces defect interaction and a complex damage state. Annealing of the irradiated samples results in a decrease in the density of small spots and an increase in the density and size of the resolvable dislocation loops. The loops were identified as being interstitial in character; the spot clusters were inferred to be interstitial also.
International market shares and global economic power

Abstract This paper analyses the causal effect of international market share on the global economic power of each of the seven major industrial countries. All the G-7 countries except the United Kingdom and the United States have enhanced their relative economic power by increasing their international market shares. The relationship between the international market share and global economic power is the underlying force that has motivated each of those five countries to export more and import less, resulting in international trade conflicts among them. International market shares are interrelated. Given the interrelationships, protectionism prevailing in the remaining two countries may result in a global recession through chain reactions among the G-7 countries.
Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 proteins in rat uterus and cervix during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, labor and in myometrial cells

The synthesis of prostaglandins in the uterus at term are modulated by two isoforms of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX): constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. This study aims to characterize the expression of the protein for COX-1 and -2 in the rat uterus and cervix during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and labor, and in cultured myometrial cells. Western immunoblotting of proteins was performed and quantitation of protein was obtained densitometrically. Results indicate: 1) the rat uteri, cervix, and isolated myometrial cells express both COX-1 and COX-2 proteins, 2) during pregnancy, both COX-1 and -2 increase, with a dramatic increase at parturition (250%-280%), 3) a 2-fold increase of cervical COX-2 is seen at spontaneous labor, 4) during proestrus and estrus, uterine expression of COX-2 is elevated, 5) both COX-1 and -2 were expressed by rat myometrial cells and treatment with IL-1 beta (10 ng/mL) produced a significant increase in COX-2, and 6) immunocytochemical studies show that both COX-1 and -2 were primarily localized to the epithelial cells of the endometrium and smooth muscle cells in the circular layers of the myometrium in the uterus and to the epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the cervix. Thus, we propose that increased expression of COX-2 may be involved at term in increased uterine contractility and cervical ripening.
Purification and Identification of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase of Milk Membranes

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that γ-glutamyl transpeptidase may be involved in the transport of amino acids into the lactating mammary gland. The enzyme also is secreted in milk and is associated mainly with milk membranes. The objective of this study was to purify and characterize γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from milk membranes. The enzyme has been purified from milk membranes by solubilization with Lubrol WX; treatment with acetone, deoxylcholate, and bromelain; and chromatography on ion exchange and molecular-sieving resins. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase was purified over 11,000-fold from milk. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels indicates that the enzyme is composed of two subunits with molecular weights of 57,000 and 25,500. Both subunits are glycoproteins and have been identified in the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of whole milk membrane. Kinetic characteristics of the purified enzyme are similar to those determined for intact milk membranes and lactating mammary tissue indicating that the purified enzyme has not been modified functionally by the purificationprocedure.
Development and validation of AIMFREE: Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a series of 16 survey instruments measuring fitness and recreation accessibility, collectively referred to as AIMFREE (Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments). General domains of assessment included the built environment, equipment, programmes, policies, and training and behaviour.Methods: Fitness and recreation professionals (n = 35) assessed fitness centres/swimming pools (n = 35) in nine regions across the US. Rasch analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument.Results: The AIMFREE evidenced adequate to good fit to the Rasch model and adequate to good internal consistency (r = 0.70 – 0.90). Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.70 (entrance areas) to 0.97 (swimming pools). Analysis of differential item functioning indicated that item calibrations generally did not differ significantly between urban and suburban environments.Conclusion: The AIMFREE instruments demonstrated adequate...
Solar wind low-energy energetic ion enhancements: A tool to forecast large geomagnetic storms

Abstract Predicting the occurrence of large geomagnetic storms more than an hour in advance is an important, yet difficult task. Energetic ion data show enhancements in flux that herald the approach of interplanetary shocks, usually for many hours before the shock arrival. We present a technique for predicting large geomagnetic storms (Kp ⩾ 7) following the arrival of interplanetary shocks at 1 AU, using low-energy energetic ions (47–65 keV) and solar wind data measured at the L1 libration point. It is based on a study of the relationship between energetic ion enhancements (EIEs) and large geomagnetic storms by Smith et al. [Smith, Z., Murtagh, W., Smithtro, C. Relationship between solar wind low-energy energetic ion enhancements and large geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 109, A01110, 2004. doi:10.1029/ 2003JA010044] using data in the rise and maximum of solar cycle 23 (February 1998–December 2000). An excellent correlation was found between storms with Kp ⩾ 7 and the peak flux of large energetic ion enhancements that almost always (93% of time in our time period) accompany the arrival of interplanetary shocks at L1. However, as there are many more large EIEs than large geomagnetic storms, other characteristics were investigated to help determine which EIEs are likely to be followed by large storms. An additional parameter, the magnitude of the post-shock total magnetic field at the L1 Lagrangian point, is introduced here. This improves the identification of the EIEs that are likely to be followed by large storms. A forecasting technique is developed and tested on the time period of the original study (the training data set). The lead times, defined as the times from the arrival of the shock to the start of the 3-h interval of maximum Kp, are also presented. They range from minutes to more than a day; the average for large storms is 7 h. These times do not include the extra warning time given when the EI flux cross the high thresholds ahead of the shock. Because the data-stream used in the original study is no longer available, we extended the original study (1998–2000) to 2001, in order to: (a) investigate EIEs in 2001; (b) present a validation of the technique on an independent data set; (c) compare the results based on the original (P1) energy channel to those of the replacement (P1′) and (d), determine new EIE thresholds for forecasting geomagnetic storms using P1′ data. The verification of this P1′ training data set is also presented, together with lead times.
Modified Norwood procedure with a high-flow cardiopulmonary bypass strategy results in low mortality without late arch obstruction.

Abstract Objective: The results of our modification of the stage I Norwood procedure, in which we use only autologous tissue to reconstruct the aortic arch, were reviewed. A high-flow, low-pressure cardiopulmonary bypass protocol (with phenoxybenzamine), before and after a period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, was used. Methods: Between 1993 and 1999, 59 patients, aged 1 to 353 days (median 4 days) and weighing 1.7 to 6.8 kg (median 3.2 kg), underwent a modified Norwood procedure. The ascending aortic diameter ranged from 1.5 to 8 mm (median 3 mm). The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was 3 mm in 21 patients (36%) and 3.5 mm or larger in 38 patients (64%). Results: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass times ranged from 15 to 64 minutes (median 37 minutes) and 44 to 144 minutes (median 88 minutes), respectively. Early postoperative survival was 83%. By univariate analysis, early mortality was associated with an ascending aortic diameter of 2.5 mm or less ( P =.01). Weight, circulatory arrest and bypass times, diagnosis (hypoplastic left heart syndrome vs variant), shunt size, and date of the procedure did not affect survival. For a median follow-up period of 37 months (range 4-63 months), 42 (61%) patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunts, 10 (17%) had Fontan operations, and 1 patient underwent transplantation after a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. Eight patients subsequently died, for a 1-year actuarial survival of 72% (95% confidence interval: 60%-84%). Neoaortic arch obstruction was corrected in 3 patients (5%). Conclusions: At intermediate-term follow-up, our modification of the Norwood procedure together with our perioperative strategies has resulted in acceptable outcomes with a low incidence of neoaortic arch obstruction. Patients with a small ascending aortic diameter have emerged as a high-risk group, but a recent technical modification may improve the outlook for these patients. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:875-84)
Second language acquisition of Italian accusative and dative clitics

This experimental study investigates the acquisition of Italian accusative and dative clitics by English adult speakers. These pronouns are non-existent in English. Results from a grammaticality judgement task show that Italian accusative and dative clitics develop slowly but gradually in Italian second language (L2) grammars. Interestingly, the placement properties appear to develop earlier than their case properties. The possible implications of these findings for theories of the L2 initial state are considered.
Viscoelasticity of tightly entangled solutions of semiflexible polymers

A molecular model is introduced to describe the linear viscoelasticity of tightly entangled solutions of semiflexible polymers. An expression for the stress of a solution of wormlike chains is derived, and a tube model is used to describe the effects of entanglement. Consideration of the Brownian dynamics of the polymer within its tube yields a dynamic modulus ${G}^{*}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}(i\ensuremath{\omega}{)}^{3/4}$ at high frequencies, in agreement with the results of recent microrheology experiments on actin solutions.
Gendered Science: A Critique of Agricultural Development

A partir de l'exemple du programme de recherche agricole de Malawi, l'A. montre comment la science continue a marginaliser la femme alors qu'elle participe ici activement a la survivance de la population dans l'activite agricole. Il explique pourquoi il faut prendre en compte le contexte social global et non pas seulement l'aspect technologique agricole.
Identification of matrix generators of a Chevalley group

Abstract We give a polynomial time algorithm that replaces an arbitrary module of a finite Chevalley group by the adjoint module written with respect to a Chevalley basis.
Identification of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase as a product of wheat leaf cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Abstract Polyribosomes from greening wheat seedlings ( Triticum vulgaris ) were allowed to incorporate [ 3 H]leucine into proteins in the presence of a wheat germ supernatant fraction under conditions permitting the completion and release of polypeptides by cytoplasmic polyribosomes. The released proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Discrete proteins, as well as a variety of poorly resolved proteins, were observed to have been labeled. The molecular weight distribution of the labeled proteins correlated well with the distribution of polyribosome size classes present in the samples. Neither the large nor the small subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase were detected as labeled peaks by this procedure. Immune precipitates formed by the addition of carrier small subunit, detergent, and anti-small subunit serum to the released proteins contained a substantial proportion of nonspecifically precipitated material resembling the population of released proteins, but they also contained two discrete peaks not resolved previously, one having mobility slightly faster than the light chain of immunoglobulin (20,000 daltons) and the other having mobility identical to that of small subunit carrier (ca. 12,000 daltons). Samples containing the latter material were shown to contain labeled tryptic peptides corresponding to those of the small subunit carrier. The results establish that the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is the product of a small proportion of cytoplasmic polyribosomes during greening of etiolated wheat seedlings.
Multiple cation channels mediate increases in intracellular calcium induced by the volatile irritant, trans-2-pentenal in rat trigeminal neurons.

Trans-2-Pentenal (pentenal), an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, induces increases in [Ca2+]i in cultured neonatal rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Since all pentenal-sensitive neurons responded to a specific TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and neurons from TRPA1 knockouts failed to respond to pentenal, TRPA1 appears to be sole initial transduction site for pentenal-evoked trigeminal response, as reported for the structurally related irritant, acrolein. Furthermore, because the neuronal sensitivity to pentenal is strictly dependent upon the presence of extracellular Na+/Ca2+, as we showed previously, we investigated which types of voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels (VGSCs/VGCCs) are involved in pentenal-induced [Ca2+]i increases as a downstream mechanisms. The application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) significantly suppressed the pentenal-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in a portion of TG neurons, suggesting that TTX-sensitive (TTXs) VGSCs contribute to the pentenal response in those neurons. Diltiazem and ω-agatoxin IVA, antagonists of L- and P/Q-type VGCCs, respectively, both caused significant reductions of the pentenal-induced responses. ω-Conotoxin GVIA, on the other hand, caused only a small decrease in the size of pentenal-induced [Ca2+]i rise. These indicate that both L- and P/Q-type VGCCs are involved in the increase in [Ca2+]i produced by pentenal, while N-type calcium channels play only a minor role. This study demonstrates that TTXs VGSCs, L- and P/Q-type VGCCs play a significant role in the pentenal-induced trigeminal neuronal responses as downstream mechanisms following TRPA1 activation.
Crises of Masculinity: Homosocial Desire and Homosexual Panic in the Critical Cold War Narratives of Mailer and Coover

Applying the theories of Guy Hocquenghem, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, and Louis Althusser, this essay identifies Robert Coover's novel The Public Burning and Norman Mailer's novels of the sixties, An American Dream and Why Are We in Vietnam?, as cold war critical national narratives. The essay discusses the crises of masculinity provoked in the American fifties and sixties by anticommunist discourse, which rhetorically linked communism and homosexuality (and thus, in the psychiatric and popular imaginary, effeminacy) as "perversions." These novels critique the way homosociality functions to consolidate patriarchal power, and the resulting institutional homophobia, homosexual panic, and violence. These concerns center on the anus and anality, a trope signifying male homosexuality, and subverting the dominant discourse. The essay also discusses Mailer's and critic Leslie Fiedler's homophobia and concludes that Coover, with his use of subversive Bakhtinian carnival laughter, presents a more devastating, comprehen...
Quality of life following radiofrequency ablation of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic change in the lining of the esophagus from stratified squamous epithelium to specialized columnar epithelium.[1] This intestinal metaplasia may progress through low-grade (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Intestinal metaplasia is associated with an approximately 0.5% per patient-year risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. For patients with high-grade dysplasia, this risk increases to 5–10% or more per patient-year.[2–5] Esophageal adenocarcinoma has a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%.[6] QoL has been defined as “those attributes valued by patients, including their resultant comfort or sense of well-being; the extent to which they were able to maintain reasonable physical, emotional, and intellectual function; and the degree to which they retain their ability to participate in valued activities within the family, in the workplace, and in the community.”[7] Several investigators have assessed quality of life (QoL) in patients with BE. A diagnosis of BE with intestinal metaplasia is associated with a decrease in QoL on generic and organ system-specific measures, along with increased health care cost and increased health care utilization.[8] To date, no studies have evaluated QoL in patients with dysplastic BE. In contrast to patients with intestinal metaplasia, patients with dysplastic BE may feel additional anxiety about their risk of developing cancer. Further, management of dysplastic BE requires close follow-up, repeat endoscopy, and invasive procedures. Financial stress may also be greater—a BE diagnosis has been shown to cause increases in life insurance premiums and restricts the availability of health insurance.[9] Historically, BE with HGD was treated with esophagectomy, a procedure associated with significant morbidity and some mortality.[10] The impact of esophagectomy on QoL in HGD has been rarely studied.[11–13] Endoscopic ablation has evolved as a less invasive alternative to esophagectomy. Successful endoscopic eradication of BE is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma; however, the effect of successful endoscopic treatment of dysplastic BE on QoL is not known. [3,14] To evaluate QoL before and after endoscopic treatment of dysplastic BE with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), we have performed an analysis of QoL in the AIM Dysplasia Trial.[14]
Public–Private Partnerships and the Public Accountability Question

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are growing in popularity as a governing model for delivery of public goods and services. PPPs have existed since the Roman Empire, but their expansion into traditional public projects today raises serious questions about public accountability. This article examines public accountability and its application to government and private firms involved in PPPs. An analytical framework is proposed for assessing the extent to which PPPs provide (or will provide) goods and services consistent with public sector goals of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Six dimensions—risk, costs and benefits, political and social impacts, expertise, collaboration, and performance measurement—are incorporated into a model that assists public managers in improving partnerships’ public accountability.
Direct recruitment of N‐myc to target gene promoters

The N-myc gene is amplified in 20-25% of human neuroblastomas, and this amplification serves as a poor prognostic factor. However, few genes have been determined to be direct targets of N-myc. Our current studies focused on identifying N-myc target genes, especially those affected in cells such as neuroblastomas that have high levels of N-myc protein. To pursue this goal, we performed differential expression screens with cell-culture systems containing high versus low levels of N-myc. The design of our experiments was such that we should identify genes both upregulated and downregulated by N-myc. Accordingly, we identified 22 genes upregulated by N-myc and one gene downregulated by N-myc. However, only five of these genes responded to increased N-myc levels in more than one system. Further analysis of the regulation of these genes required determining whether they were direct or indirect targets of N-myc. Therefore, we used a formaldehyde crosslinking and immunoprecipitation procedure to determine whether N-myc was bound to the promoters of these putative target genes in living cells. We found that low levels of N-myc were bound to the promoters of the telomerase and prothymosin genes in neuroblastoma cells having low amounts of N-myc but that the amounts of N-myc bound to these promoters greatly increased with overexpression of N-myc. However, the amount of max bound to the promoters was high before and after induction of N-myc. Therefore, our studies suggest that N-myc competes with other max partners for binding to target promoters. Our use of the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggests a molecular explanation for the consequences of amplification of the N-myc gene in neuroblastomas.
Instantaneous and local-mean power control for direct-sequence CDMA cellular networks

Proposed and existing power-control systems for direct-sequence CDMA cellular networks measure instantaneous power, whereas theoretical analyzes almost always assume long-term-average or local-mean power control. In this paper, the distinction between the two types of power control is clarified. The outage probability for direct-sequence CDMA systems using instantaneous power control is derived. The results of the analysis of local-mean power control are shown to be similar to those provided by a far more elaborate theoretical analysis.
Ophthalmic manifestations of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Abstract Purpose Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p−). Common features include developmental delay, microcephaly, seizures, craniofacial anomalies, mental retardation, and cardiac defects. This article further describes the ocular manifestations of this rare disorder. Methods Charts of patients with 4p− from the University of Arkansas (n = 3) and the University of Minnesota (n = 7) were reviewed. Diagnosis was made by a geneticist and was confirmed by karyotype. Cytogenetic reports were available for review in eight patients. Results Ten patients (six females and four males) aged 4 months to 11 years were included. Ophthalmic findings included exodeviation (9/10), nasolacrimal obstruction (6/10), shallow orbits (3/10), epicanthal folds (3/10), foveal hypoplasia (3/10), upper lid coloboma (2/10), optic disk anomalies (2/10), downslanting palpebral fissures (2/10), microcornea (2/10), hypertelorism (1/10), nystagmus (1/10), and chorioretinal coloboma (1/10). Eight patients with 4p− had break points ranging from band 4p14 to 4p16.3. Conclusions This study expands on previous reports of the ophthalmic phenotype in 4p− and includes the additional findings of foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, shallow orbits, epicanthal folds, and upper lid colobomas. Ophthalmic findings in 4p− are variable, likely related to the size of the deletion.
Hydrodynamic Calculation of Reflected S-polarized Second-harmonic Light at a Metal Surface

The results of a hydrodynamic calculation for the reflection coefficient R2s(θ,ω) of s-polarized second-harmonic light reflected from a metal surface are presented as a function of the angle of incidence θ and incident frequency ω.
Flow Control Power is Nondecentralizable

Flow control in store-and-forward computer networks is appropriate for decentralized execution. A formal description of a class of "decentralized flow control algorithms" is given. The feasibility of maximizing power with such algorithms is investigated. On the assumption that communication links behave like M/M/1 servers it is shown that no "decentralized flow control algorithm" can maximize network power. Power has been suggested in the literature as a network performance objective. It is also shown that no objective based only on the users' throughputs and average delay is decentralizable. Finally, a restricted class of algorithms cannot even approximate power.
Optimal time-domain detection of a deterministic target buried under a randomly rough interface

We consider pulsed plane-wave scattering from targets buried under a rough air-ground interface. The properties of the interface are parametrized as a random process with known statistics, and therefore the fields scattered from a particular surface constitute one realization of an ensemble, characterized by corresponding statistics. Moreover, since the fields incident upon a buried target must first penetrate the rough interface, they and the subsequent scattered fields are random processes as well. Based on this understanding, an optimal detector is formulated, accounting for the clutter and target-signature statistics (the former due to scattering at the rough surface, and the latter due to transmission); the statistics of these two processes are in general different. The detector performance is compared to that of a matched filter, which assumes the target signature is known exactly (i.e., nonrandom). The results presented here, as a function of angle and polarization, demonstrate that there is often a significant gain in detector performance if the target signature is properly treated as a random process.
Extracorporeal Electromagnetic Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence and Bladder Disease

The therapeutic potential of magnetic energy has been a subject of long-standing interest within both conventional and alternative medical practice. Numerous devices utilizing magnetic fields, ranging from the dubious to truly innovative, have claimed a wide variety of clinical benefits. The electric field effect induced by a changing magnetic field appears to be more valuable in research and therapy than the magnetic field effects described from permanent magnets. Magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve roots continues to evolve as an alternative to transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder and pelvic floor dysfunction. The conduction characteristics of magnetic energy confer several practical advantages for its use as a non-invasive treatment modality. Moreover, its clinical application may provide theoretical insight into the neurobiology of the lower urinary tract. This chapter examines the use of extracorporeal electromagnetic stimulation for the treatment of urinary incontinence and bladder disease, and provides a historical overview of the therapeutic application of electromagnetic energy.
Collaborative Teacher Roles Special and General Educators

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the perceptions of a national sample of elementary-level learning disabilities resource teachers (n = 83) and elementary general education teachers (n = 64) in regard to actual and ideal performance of collaborative roles. Resource teacher perceptions of constraints on their performance of collaborative roles also were examined. Results indicated significant differences between teacher perceptions of actual and ideal performance of collaborative roles. Constraints on resource teachers' collaborative role performance were identified.
Stimulus edge effects in the measurement of macular pigment using heterochromatic flicker photometry

Heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) is the most common technique of measuring macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Some data strongly suggest that HFP samples MPOD specifically at the edge of center-fixated circular stimuli. Other data have led to the conclusion that HFP samples over the entire area of the stimulus. To resolve this disparity, MPOD was measured using HFP and a series of solid discs of varying radii (0.25 to 2.0 deg) and with thin annuli corresponding to the edge of those discs. MPOD assessed with the two methods yielded excellent correspondence and linearity: Y=0.01+0.98X , r=0.96. A second set of experiments showed that if a disc stimulus is adjusted for no-flicker (the standard procedure) and simply reduced in size, no flicker is observed despite the higher level of MPOD in the smaller area. Taken together, these results confirm that MPOD is determined at the edge of the measuring stimulus when using stimulus sizes in the range that is in dispute (up to a radius of 0.75 deg). The basis for this edge effect can be explained by quantitative differences in the spatial-temporal properties of the visual field as a function of angular distance from the fixation point.
Live power line and lead proximity estimation via real-time electric field sensor

A simple, real-time electric field sensor intended for proximity estimation is proposed. The sensor relies on capacitive induction to provide source strength and distance estimates. Field gradient information was found to be useful for proximity estimation, and is provided by the sensor configuration. A decision law, that processes sensor data to provide the user with clearance information, is proposed.
Energetics and efficiencies of collision-induced dissociation achieved during the mass acquisition scan in a quadrupole ion trap

Using n-butylbenzene as a test molecule, evidence is provided that fast, efficient or highly energetic collision-induced dissociation (CID) can be achieved during the mass acquisition ramp of a commercially available quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer. The method of excitation is very similar to axial modulation for mass range extension except that lower amplitude waveforms are used to excite the precursor ions within the trap instead of ejecting them from the trap. ITSIM simulations verify that fast kinetic excitation followed by kinetic-to-internal energy transfer occurs on the rapid time-scale required for the recapture and mass analysis of product ions during the mass acquisition ramp. CID efficiencies larger than 50% can be obtained using this new approach and ratios of Th 91/92 of n-butylbenzene fragment ions as large as 9 are possible, albeit at significantly reduced efficiencies. These very large ratios indicate an internal energy above 7eV for the precursor ions indicating that fragmentation of larger ions could also be possible using this new approach. The main benefits of the new method are that no extra time is required for fragmentation or cooling and that on-resonance conditions are guaranteed because the ions’ secular frequencies are swept through the fixed frequency of excitation. Also presented are the effects of experimental variables such as excitation frequency, excitation amplitude and scan rate on the CID efficiencies
IDIOPATHIC HYPOPARATHYROIDISM: UNUSUAL RESPONSE TO VITAMIN D

ABSTRACT A balance study of a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism demonstrated an abnormal response to vitamin D2. Dosages up to 1 million units daily did not correct the abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but dihydrotachysterol in a dosage of 3 cc. daily reversed the metabolic effects. Six years before this study, the patient had first experienced convulsive seizures. At that time, and five years later when lenticular cataracts developed, the serum calcium concentration was normal. The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism was made at the time the patient entered the hospital for eye surgery, when hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were present. The patient also exhibited trophic changes in the fingernails and episodes of psychotic behavior. In addition to the abnormal serum calcium and phosphorus levels, there were low serum levels of citric acid, increased renal reabsorption of phosphate, and a normal response to intravenous parathyroid hormone.
Do We Really Need Another Meeting? Lessons From the Los Angeles County Elder Abuse Forensic Center

PURPOSE: Elder abuse cases are often time consuming and complex, requiring interagency cooperation from a diverse array of professionals. Although multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) offer a potentially powerful approach to synergizing the efforts of different providers, there has been little research on elder abuse MDTs in general or elder abuse forensic centers in particular. This article draws on our experience with the development of an innovative elder abuse MDT model by describing the structure, process, and outcomes of the Los Angeles County Elder Abuse Forensic Center (the Center). DESIGN AND METHODS: We use a logic model to provide the framework for discussing the Center's components and de-identified client records to report key characteristics of the cases reviewed (n = 313). We summarize surveys of core team members' evaluations of team effectiveness (n = 37) and case presenters' assessments of the Center effectiveness (n = 108). RESULTS: During its first 3 years, the Center reviewed 2-4 cases per week and gained active and regular participation among core team members. Both team members' and presenters' evaluations were highly favorable. IMPLICATIONS: Process outcomes indicate that busy professionals found the model extremely valuable, with added consultation and services aiding elder abuse prevention, protection, and prosecution. The logic model offers structure, process, and outcomes with which to replicate and individualize the elder abuse forensic center model according to the needs and resources in each community. Language: en