cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Forms of Cardiac Myosin-binding Protein C Exist and Can Regulate Thick Filament Stability

Although absence or abnormality of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) produces serious structural and functional abnormalities of the heart, function of the protein itself is not clearly understood, and the cause of the abnormalities, unidentified. Here we report that a major function of cMyBP-C may be regulating the stability of the myosin-containing contractile filaments through phosphorylation of cMyBP-C. Antibodies were raised against three different regions of cMyBP-C to detect changes in structure within the molecule, and loss of myosin heavy chain was used to monitor degradation of the thick filament. Results from Western blotting and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that cMyBP-C can exist in two different forms that produce, respectively, stable and unstable thick filaments. The stable form has well-ordered myosin heads and requires phosphorylation of the cMyBP-C. The unstable form has disordered myosin heads. In tissue with intact cardiac cells, the unstable unphosphorylated cMyBP-C is more easily proteolyzed, causing thick filaments first to release cMyBP-C and/or its proteolytic peptides and then myosin. Filaments deficient in cMyBP-C are fragmented by shear force well tolerated by the stable form. We hypothesize that modulation of filament stability can be coupled at the molecular level with the strength of contraction by the sensitivity of each to the concentration of calcium ions.
Challenging the inbreeding hypothesis in a eusocial mammal: population genetics of the naked mole‐rat, Heterocephalus glaber

The role of genetic relatedness in the evolution of eusociality has been the topic of much debate, especially when contrasting eusocial insects with vertebrates displaying reproductive altruism. The naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber, was the first described eusocial mammal. Although this discovery was based on an ecological constraints model of eusocial evolution, early genetic studies reported high levels of relatedness in naked mole-rats, providing a compelling argument that low dispersal rates and consanguineous mating (inbreeding as a mating system) are the driving forces for the evolution of this eusocial species. One caveat to accepting this long-held view is that the original genetic studies were based on limited sampling from the species' geographic distribution. A growing body of evidence supports a contrary view, with the original samples not representative of the species-rather reflecting a single founder event, establishing a small population south of the Athi River. Our study is the first to address these competing hypotheses by examining patterns of molecular variation in colonies sampled from north and south of the Athi and Tana rivers, which based on our results, serve to isolate genetically distinct populations of naked mole-rats. Although colonies south of the Athi River share a single mtDNA haplotype and are fixed at most microsatellite loci, populations north of the Athi River are considerably more variable. Our findings support the position that the low variation observed in naked mole-rat populations south of the Athi River reflects a founder event, rather than a consequence of this species' unusual mating system.
Polysaccharide-Based Tissue Adhesives for Sealing Corneal Incisions

Purpose :T oinvestigate the ability of a novel polysaccharide-based tissue adhesive to seal corneal incisions, and to determine the effect of the tissue adhesive on corneal endothelial cells. Methods :A polysaccharide-based tissue adhesive composed of dextran aldehyde and star PEG amines was applied to a 5-mm corneal incision on an enucleated rabbit eye, and the leak pressure of the eye was measured. The tissue adhesive was additionally incubated in direct con- tact with bovine corneal endothelial cells to evaluate cytotoxicity. Results :T he polysaccharide-based tissue adhesive was successful in sealing corneal incisions to pressures of >10 psi (500 mmHg). The tissue adhesive was non-cytotoxic to bovine corneal endothelial cells. Conclusions :P olysaccharide-based tissue adhe- sives are efficacious in sealing corneal wounds and are non-cytotoxic to corneal endothelial cells. Such adhesives represent a promising new technology for ophthalmic surgery.
To Render Invisible: Jim Crow and Public Space in New South Jacksonville. By Robert Cassanello. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2013. Pp. xv, 188. $74.95.)

In his 1933 autobiography, James Weldon Johnson wrote at length about his hometown of Jacksonville, Florida, during the late nineteenth century. He noted that port city's reputation as a good place...
Transport and metabolism of opioid peptides across BeWo cells, an in vitro model of the placental barrier.

Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The publisher version is available on its site.
Intrinsic and relative permeability for flow of humid air in unsaturated apple tissues

Abstract Knowledge of intrinsic and relative permeabilities is important when studying pressure driven mass transport in unsaturated porous media. Little information is available on intrinsic and relative permeabilities of biomaterials. In this study, an experimental procedure was developed to determine intrinsic and relative permeabilities for the flow of humid air in porous apple tissues. Experiments were completed in two steps. In the first step, apple tissues were freeze-dried to remove moisture without changing the sample’s original pore structure. Dry air was passed through the sample and Darcy’s law was used to determine intrinsic permeability, K , as a function of porosity. In the second step, moist air was forced through partially saturated apple tissues to determine the air permeability, K g . The humid air was in thermodynamic equilibrium with the apple tissues to obtain an equivalent immiscible condition. The air relative permeability k rg was then calculated based on the value of the air permeability K g and the intrinsic permeability K . The intrinsic permeability for apple tissue varied from 8.89 × 10 −13 to 4.57 × 10 −11 m 2 for porosity ranging from 0.33 to 0.77. The porosity dependency of intrinsic permeability can be described by the Kozeny–Carman model. The gas relative permeability k rg was correlated to saturation by an empirical model.
The prognostic importance of isolated P-Wave abnormalities.

Background While certain P-Wave morphologies have been associated with abnormal atrial size and either pulmonary or cardiovascular (CV) disease, their relationship to mortality and specific cause of death has not been reported. Methods Analyses were performed on the first digitally recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) on 43 903 patients at the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center since 1987. After appropriate exclusions, 40 020 patients remained. Using computerized algorithms, P-wave amplitude and duration in 12 leads as well as several standardized ECG interpretations were extracted. The main outcome measures were pulmonary and CV mortality. Results During a mean follow-up of 6 years there were 3417 CV and 1213 pulmonary deaths. After adjusting for age and heart rate in a Cox regression model, P-wave amplitude in the inferior leads was the strongest predictor of pulmonary death (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–3.9, P 2.5 mm), outperforming all other ECG criteria. The depth of P-wave inversion in leads V1 or V2 and P-wave duration were strong predictors of CV death (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5–2.0, P < 0.0001 for a P-wave inversion deeper than 1 mm), outperforming many previously established ECG predictors of CV death. Conclusions P-wave amplitude in the inferior leads is the strongest independent predictor of pulmonary death while P-wave duration and the depth of P-wave inversion in leads V1 or V2 significantly predict CV death. These measurements can be obtained easily and should be considered as part of clinical risk stratification. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring and Characterization of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Spinosad

Fourteen populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were collected from fields of crucifer vegetables in the United States, Mexico, and Thailand in 1999 and 2000 for susceptibility tests with spinosad. Most populations were susceptible to spinosad and similar to earlier baseline values, but populations from Thailand and Hawaii showed high levels of tolerance. A statewide survey in Hawaii in 2000 and 2001 indicated resistance problems on several islands. One colony collected in October 2000 from Pearl City, HI, was subjected to further selection pressure, using spinosad in the laboratory, and then was used as the resistant strain (Pearl-Sel) for other tests. Spray tests using the recommended field rates of spinosad on potted broccoli plants in the greenhouse confirmed that field control failures due to resistance were possible in the areas of these collections. Analysis of probit lines from F1 reciprocal crosses between the Pearl-Sel and S strain indicated that resistance to spinosad was inherited autosomally and was incompletely recessive. A direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the F1 × Pearl-Sel backcrosses suggested that resistance to spinosad was probably controlled by one locus. The synergists S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonyl butoxide did not enhance the toxicity of spinosad to the resistant colony, indicating metabolic mediated detoxification was probably not responsible for the spinosad resistance. Two field colonies in Hawaii that were resistant to spinosad were not cross-resistant to emamectin benzoate or indoxacarb. Resistance developed in Hawaii due to the continuous cultivation of crucifers in which as many as 50 applications of spinosad per year may have been made to a common population of P. xylostella in sequential plantings, although each grower might have used the labeled restrictions for resistance management. Resistance management strategies will need to address such cropping and pest management practices.
Pesticides Applied Worldwide to Combat Pests

A major concern in agriculture is that more than half of all food production (including food in storage) is being lost to pests despite more than 3 million tons of pesticides being utilized worldwide. Losses of this magnitude continue at a time when more than 66 % of all the human population is malnourished. Evidence suggests that pesticide use could be reduced 50–60 % without reducing crop yields or substantially reducing cosmetic standards.
Chapter 1 – Sepsis

Sepsis triggers both cellular and humoral aspects of the inflammatory immune response. The assortment of pathogenic factors (such as the bacterial fragment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) triggers every component of the microcirculation, including (but not limited to): endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes (e.g., neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages), erythrocytes, the coagulation cascade, and smooth muscle cells. It is agreed that it is not the body’s response to the infection itself that causes the problems associated with sepsis, but rather the inflammatory response that is evoked by the infection. This chapter will provide an overview of the microvascular dysfunction induced by sepsis (involving arterioles, capillaries, and venules), current concepts, and potential therapeutic strategies.
A Generalization of Gill's Heat-Induced Tropical Circulation

Abstract In this note, the local solution of Gill for the symmetric and the antisymmetric heat sources and sinks is extended to the entire global tropical belt by the authors. The symmetric and antisymmetric heating forced solutions of the motion field derived from the linearized shallow-water equations describe many aspects of the winter and the summer monsoon circulations. The extension, provided here, describes the response of tropical circulation to the global tropical heat sources and sinks retrieved from a satellite-based field of the outgoing longwave radiation through regression algorithms. Such a prescribed field is expanded into a low-order set of trigonometric functions in the zonal direction and parabolic cylinder functions along the meridional coordinate. Upon sequential substitution of these modes into the linearized shallow-water equations on a beta plane, it is possible to solve for the heating forced solutions in a closed analytical form for the entire Tropics. The solutions exhibit most ...
Evidence for a two-step mechanism operating during in vitro mouse kidney tubulogenesis

The process of kidney tubulogenesis was investigated in mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme, differentiating in tissue culture under the influence of an inductive stimulus from embryonic mouse brain. The metanephrogenic mesenchyme was separated from the brain by a membrane filter. The time of exposure to the inductive stimulus was controlled by removing the brain from the filter. Restricting the period of transfilter association of metanephrogenic mesenchyme and brain resulted in incomplete tubulogenesis. A 30 h interaction time with brain led to the formation of small tubules. These small tubules were at an unstable stage of differentiation, and regressed during the 6-day culture period. Stabilization and elongation was achieved by the addition of mesenchymal tissues or chick embryo extract. Induction was clearly not a one-time triggering event, and as the degree of differentiation increased so the specificity for mesenchymal requirement decreased. Embryo extract did not mimick the inductive event that initiated tubulogenesis, but supported the later stages of tubulogenesis. This was interpreted to indicate a certain specificity in the induction reaction. The incidence of tubule elongation was related to both the initial mass of metanephrogenic mesenchyme and to the total contact time with brain. The greater the initial mass of mesenchymal tissue, the less contact time with brain needed for complete tubulogenesis. The morphology of the elongated tubules depended on the nature of the mesenchyme with which the small tubules were associated. This suggested that the expression of tubule morphology may be under the control of the surrounding mesenchymal cells. Possible mechanisms operating during tubule elongation were discussed. It was concluded that an integrated two-step mechanism was operating during kidney tubulogenesis. The first step, cell condensation, was induced by contact with brain. The second step, tubule elongation, was dependent upon the association of the condensates with the surrounding non-induced mesenchymal cells.
Double-Switch Repair of Corrected Transposition in Association With Criss-Cross Atrial Morphology

Corrected transposition is a relatively uncommon congenital heart defect characterized by discordance at both the atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial levels. A rare subset of patients with corrected transposition also have criss-cross atrial morphology. We report the surgical treatment of 2 patients with corrected transposition in association with criss-cross atrial morphology, emphasizing the novel atrial baffle required for this operation.
The role of inequality on effort in tournaments

Abstract We study the role of inequality using a tractable tournament model in which contestants with heterogeneous abilities are allocated a reward based on their relative effort. Using the Lorenz order, we focus on the effect of changing the degree of inequality in both the distribution abilities and rewards on the distribution of effort. When the Cumulative Density Function (CDF) of rewards is concave then reducing inequality of abilities increases effort at every rank, including aggregate effort. In general, aggregate effort increases (decreases) if the CDF of rewards has an increasing failure rate (decreasing failure rate). Further, unless the CDF of abilities is highly concave, increasing inequality of rewards always increases aggregate effort. Nonlinearity in the cost function also matters. The effect of changing the degree of inequality in either distribution of abilities or rewards, on aggregate effort, depends on the convexity of the cost function. In sum, our results challenge the current knowledge about the role of inequality in tournaments by showing how the distribution of effort–including aggregate effort–crucially depends on the convexity of the cost function and of the CDF of both rewards and abilities.
The Relation Between the Derivatives of f and f-1

(1969). The Relation Between the Derivatives of f and f-1. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 7, pp. 816-817.
Hormone Therapy in Premenopausal Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosis in women worldwide and the most common cause of death from cancer. In the United States, 21% of breast cancers are diagnosed in women younger than 50 years of age, affecting almost 49,000 women, and this disease remains a leading cause of death.1 The most common form of breast cancer is hormone-receptor–positive disease, and the incidence of this subtype, particularly among younger women, has increased in the past decade, probably owing to changes in lifestyle factors and diet. For these reasons, improving the outcome of hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer in young women is . . .
The Effects of Evolution and Spatial Structure on Diversity in Biological Reserves

Conservation ecologists have long argued over the best way of placing reserves across an environment to maximize population diversity. Many have studied the effect of protecting many small regions of an ecosystem vs. a single large region, with varied results. However, this research tends to ignore evolutionary dynamics under the rationale that the spatiotemporal scale required is prohibitive. We used the Avida digital evolution research platform to overcome this barrier and study the response of phenotypic diversity to eight different reserve placement configurations. The capacity for mutation,and therefore evolution, substantially altered the dynamics of diversity in the population. When mutations were allowed, reserve configurations involving a greater number of consequently smaller reserves were substantially more effective at maintaining existing diversity and generating new diversity. However, when mutations were disallowed, reserve configuration had little effect on diversity generation and maintenance. While further research is necessary before translating these results into policy decisions, this study demonstrates the importance of considering evolution when making such decisions and suggests that a larger number of smaller reserves may have evolutionary benefits.
Usefulness of preoperative testing in pediatric podiatric surgery. Does it influence clinical decisions

This article discusses the changing approach to preoperative laboratory testing in healthy children undergoing foot and ankle surgery from the economic as well as the medico-legal perspectives. The author then reviews the laboratory findings for 203 children, discusses the number and types of abnormalities encountered, and defines their impact on decision making in the perioperative period. Based on these experiences, recommendations on appropriate testing for these patients are made.
Azosemide, a "loop" diuretic, and furosemide

Azosemide is a new monosulfamyl diuretic which inhibits solute transport throughout the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This study compared equal amounts of azosemide and furosemide (20, 40, and 80 mg) in normal subjects. No differences occurred at any dose in volume, sodium, or chloride excretion when analyzed as cumulative excretion at 4, 8, or 12 hr. Azosemide 40 mg caused less potassium excretion than 40 mg of furosemide but there was no significant difference in the sodium/potassium excretion ratio. Analysis of the time course of effect showed that compared to furosemide azosemide tended to have a slower onset of effect. Differences in site of action studies between azosemide and furosemide did not manifest as differences in urinary or electrolyte excretion in our normal subjects.
Serological Differentiation of Strains of ErwiniaAnanas with Hybridoma Antibodies

South and Central American strains of Erwinia ananas, isolated from melon fruit affected with brown spot disease, reacted with polyclonal hybridoma antibodies derived from fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells with splenic cells of mouse immunized with membrane protein of strain X5 (ATCC 35397) from Venezuela. Strains isolated from melon fruit from California, USA and ATCC strains of E. ananas, formerly E. herbicola var. ananas. (ATCC 11530 and 23822), reacted to the immunized mouse serum but not to the hybridoma antibodies. Conventionally-produced ascitic fluids from mouse immunized with X5 membrane protein reacted with strains X5 and X7 at the higher dilution of 15,625X than with strains X9 and ATCC strains at 3,125X dilution. Membrane protein banding patterns from slab gel electrophoresis may suggest that the specificity of hybridoma antibodies is probably based on epitopes unique to the South and Central American strains.
Deubiquitinase OTUD6B Isoforms are Important Regulators of Growth and Proliferation

Deubiquitinases (DUB) are increasingly linked to the regulation of fundamental processes in normal and cancer cells, including DNA replication and repair, programmed cell death, and oncogenes and tumor suppressor signaling. Here, evidence is presented that the deubiquitinase OTUD6B regulates protein synthesis in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, operating downstream from mTORC1. OTUD6B associates with the protein synthesis initiation complex and modifies components of the 48S preinitiation complex. The two main OTUD6B splicing isoforms seem to regulate protein synthesis in opposing fashions: the long OTUD6B-1 isoform is inhibitory, while the short OTUD6B-2 isoform stimulates protein synthesis. These properties affect NSCLC cell proliferation, because OTUD6B-1 represses DNA synthesis while OTUD6B-2 promotes it. Mutational analysis and downstream mediators suggest that the two OTUD6B isoforms modify different cellular targets. OTUD6B-2 influences the expression of cyclin D1 by promoting its translation while regulating (directly or indirectly) c-Myc protein stability. This phenomenon appears to have clinical relevance as NSCLC cells and human tumor specimens have a reduced OTUD6B-1/OTUD6B-2 mRNA ratio compared with normal samples. The global OTUD6B expression level does not change significantly between nonneoplastic and malignant tissues, suggesting that modifications of splicing factors during the process of transformation are responsible for this isoform switch. Implications: Because protein synthesis inhibition is a viable treatment strategy for NSCLC, these data indicate that OTUD6B isoform 2, being specifically linked to NSCLC growth, represents an attractive, novel therapeutic target and potential biomarker for early diagnosis of malignant NSCLC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 117–27. ©2016 AACR .
Should Troponin Level Be an Exclusion Criterion for Stem Cell Transplantation in Primary Amyloidosis

Introduction: Mortality rates associated with stem cell transplantation are considerably higher than those of autologous stem cell transplantation for other hematologic malignancies. The efficacy of stem cell transplantation in amyloidosis largely is determined by treatment-related mortality rates (range, 11%-25%). Appropriate patient selection is essential to avoid this high mortality rate. Patients & Methods: The primary end point of the study was death from any cause between 4 days before transplantation and d+100 after transplantation. Patient characteristics are shown. Results: Among 271 patients undergoing stem cell transplantation, troponin T was a powerful predictor of treatment-related mortality. Patients with troponin levels of 0.06 mg/L or higher had a day 100 all-cause mortality rate of 28%. Patients with troponin levels less than 0.06 mg/L had a day-100 all-cause mortality rate of 7% ( P Despite possibly having multiple causes of death, for 7 of 11 patients with elevated troponin levels, cardiac causality could be inferred. For patients with low levels of troponin, clear cardiac causality was observed in 4 of 16. Among the 40 patients with troponin levels of 0.06 mg/L or higher, the conditioning dosage of melphalan was reduced for 31 patients (78%). Among the patients with troponin levels less than 0.06 mg/L, the dosage of melphalan was reduced for 29% of patients. Conclusion: Troponin levels should be measured in all patients before transplantation. Those with troponin levels exceeding 0.06 mg/L should be considered for less toxic therapies until the clinically optimal use of stem cell transplantation is better defined by randomized clinical trials. The chemotherapy dosage was reduced for 77% of patients in the high troponin group, but acceptable treatment-related mortality rates were not achieved. Clearly, a risk-adapted approach that modified the dosage of conditioning chemotherapy did not compensate for poor patient health or advanced cardiac involvement.
Form overrides meaning when bilinguals monitor for errors

Bilinguals rarely produce unintended language switches, which may in part be because switches are detected and corrected by an internal monitor. But are language switches easier or harder to detect than within-language semantic errors? To approximate internal monitoring, bilinguals listened (Experiment 1) or read aloud (Experiment 2) stories, and detected language switches (translation equivalents or semantically unrelated to expected words) and within-language errors (semantically related or unrelated to expected words). Bilinguals detected semantically related within-language errors most slowly and least accurately, language switches more quickly and accurately than within-language errors, and (in Experiment 2), translation equivalents as quickly and accurately as unrelated language switches. These results suggest that internal monitoring of form (which can detect mismatches in language membership) completes earlier than, and is independent of, monitoring of meaning. However, analysis of reading times prior to error detection revealed meaning violations to be more disruptive for processing than language violations.
Patterns for IT Infrastructure Design

The design of large IT infrastructures is a complex problem because is dependent on many variables and must evolve rapidly to cope with business changes. The use of IT infrastructure patterns can improve this design process by allowing to reuse proven solutions to recurrent problems and by facilitating communication among IT design stakeholders. However, known IT infrastructure patterns are mostly like vendor-specific blueprints. As such, they are not very helpful in comparing alternatives and supporting independent design decisions. In this paper we introduce patterns in the domain of IT infrastructures covering aspects from its rationale to instantiation. This is the first step in the creation of a pattern language that will hopefully leverage the IT infrastructure design process.
Temporal Models for Robot Classification of Human Interruptibility

Robots are increasingly being deployed in unstructured human environments where they will need to approach and interrupt collocated humans. Most prior work on robot interruptions has focused on how to interrupt a person or on estimating a human's awareness of the robot. Our work makes three contributions to this research area. First, we introduce an ordinal scale of interruptibility that can be used to rate the interruptibility of a human. Second, we propose the use of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) and their variants, Hidden CRFs, and Latent-Dynamic CRFs, for classifying interruptibility. Third, we introduce the use of object labels as a visual cue to the context of an interruption in order to improve interruptibility estimates. Our results show that Latent-Dynamic CRFs outperform all other models across all tested conditions, and that the inclusion of object labels as a cue to context improves interruptibility classification performance, yielding the best overall results.
Avian Pox Discovered in the Critically Endangered Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.

The Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) is a critically endangered seabird in a rapidly shrinking population in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The introduction of novel pathogens and parasites poses a threat to population persistence. Monitoring disease prevalence and guarding against the spread of such agents in endemic taxa are conservation priorities for the Galapagos, where recent increases in the prevalence of avian pox may have contributed to population declines and range contractions in other bird species. During November 2013-January 2014, we identified 14 Waved Albatross nestlings at our study site on Espanola Island with avian pox-like lesions and clinical signs. Other seabirds, landbirds, and adult Waved Albatrosses were apparently unaffected. Histopathology of tissue samples from five infected nestlings revealed inclusion bodies in all samples, consistent with avipoxvirus infection. We documented higher mortality (6 of 14 nestlings) in affected nestlings than in unaffected young in this small outbreak of avian pox, the first report of its kind in the world's only tropical albatross.
A Systematic Review of Promising Strategies of Faith-Based Cancer Education and Lifestyle Interventions Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups

Church-based interventions have been used to reach racial/ethnic minorities. In order to develop effective programs, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review of faith-based cancer prevention studies (2005~2016) to examine characteristics and promising strategies. Combination terms “church or faith-based or religion,” “intervention or program,” and “cancer education or lifestyle” were used in searching the five major databases: CINAHL; ERIC; Health Technology Assessments; MEDLINE; and PsycInfo. A total of 20 studies met study criteria. CDC’s Community Guide was used to analyze and review group interventions. Analyses were organized by two racial groups: African American (AA) and Latino/Hispanic American groups. Results showed most studies reviewed focused on breast cancer alone or in combination with other cancers. Studies of Latino/Hispanic groups targeted more on uninsured, Medicare, or Medicaid individuals, whereas AA studies generally did not include specific insurance criteria. The sample sizes of the AA studies were generally larger. The majority of these studies reviewed used pre-post, posttest only with control group, or quasi-experience designs. The Health Belief Model was the most commonly used theory in both groups. Community-based participatory research and empowerment/ecological frameworks were also used frequently in the Latino/Hispanic studies. Small media and group education were the top two most popular intervention strategies in both groups. Although one-on-one strategy was used in some Latino studies, neither group used reducing client out-of-pocket costs strategy. Client reminders could also be used more in both groups as well. Current review showed church-based cancer education programs were effective in changing knowledge, but not always screening utilization. Results show faith-based cancer educational interventions are promising. To maximize intervention impact, future studies might consider using stronger study designs, incorporating a variety of proven effective strategies, including those frequently used evidence-based strategies, as well as exploring promising strategies among specific target groups.
Keeping Up: Building Your Indigenous Collection

ABSTRACTThis article provides practical tips on how to build your personal collection of materials on Indigenous topics. Before taking steps in acquiring content, consider the place of print and electronic material in your life as a librarian and Indigenous person. Rephrase foundational documents such as collection development policies, Ranganathan's laws of library science, and Saricks' appeal factors in ways that reflect your Indigenous worldview. Review the steps you take and might take to build this collection, starting with assessing what resources you already have access to, and develop your list of ten authors to watch.
Crafting the archive: Minnette De Silva, Architecture, and History

This article is about the work of Minnette De Silva, which made claims upon heritage and historical meaning through its concerns with craft. It investigates three facets of her oeuvre—her building, her writing and teaching, her design and handicraft—through the lens of her pictorial autobiography, The Life and Work of an Asian Woman Architect. She identified this remarkable publication as her ‘archives’, documenting in it her life and work (in the absence of a dedicated collection of records), and the equally notable twentieth-century sites and spheres through which she moved. Few careers invite critical investigation of South Asia's modern architectural forms and history as does that of De Silva, an understudied figure credited as a pioneer: a Sri Lanka Institute of Architects Gold Medal recipient, a Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Associate, a co-founder of the journal MARG, a participant in the International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM), and an architect practising in a range of ...
Model-based analysis of thermal and geometrical effects in a microscale methanol fuel cell

Abstract This paper reports the development of a mathematical model to predict the performance of a microscale methanol fuel cell with a single fuel/electrolyte channel. Performance of the cell is investigated as a function of fuel stream inlet temperature and catalyst deposition geometry. The model is fit to experimental data by maximizing the coefficient of determination, R2. Results show that peak power density with regard to total exposed catalyst surface area is inversely proportional to catalyst deposition width and proportional to fuel stream temperature. For both parameters, the mathematical model was found to compare well with experimental results in the operating regime preceding and including maximum power density. The model presented here can be used to optimize these parameters during the design phase.
A Perspective on Zooarchaeology

This chapter discusses how inherently consistent properties of organic materials enable zooarchaeological research. These stem from uniformities through time in the development and construction of bone, teeth, shell, and other organic materials in living animals, as they react to the species-specific demands of life. Traits of hard tissues such as bone and teeth also govern generally uniform responses to stresses inflicted after death, which zooarchaeologists can understand by making contemporary observations. The first part of this chapter sketches the history of the concept of uniformity of cause and effect over time, as it arose in historical geology and was applied in paleontology and later in archaeology. It outlines points of agreement and debate among researchers theorizing how to use such inherent qualities of biological materials to study the past. Using uniform traits of organic materials to shed light on the unobservable past involves reasoning by analogy, and part of this chapter discusses the history of controversies over the role of analogy in archaeology. The final section outlines the major types of archaeofaunal data zooarchaeologists use to explore humans’ interactions animals in the past.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a lung mass: an uncommon presentation of a less common tumor.

Case: a male in his early 20s presented to the emergency department with back pain and abdominal pain for 1 month. The patient also complained of progressively worsening cough and shortness of breath. CT of the chest showed a very large enhancing destructive right lung mass with massive right pleural effusion, which caused a shift of mediastinal structures to the left as well as the significant mass effect on organs in the upper abdomen (figures 1 and 2). CT-guided biopsy of the mass and thoracocentesis was then performed. Histopathology showed nests of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and surrounded by fibrous trabeculae. The tissue had areas of loss of cellular cohesion forming spaces suggestive of an alveolar pattern (figures 3 and 4). It containedPeriodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)positive glycogen as well. According to the TNM Classification of malignant tumours (TNM), it was categorised as stage III, T2b N0 M0. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive nuclear staining for myogenin and MyoD1 (figure 5). Thecytoplasmstainied strongly …
MODULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR 2 (eIF-2) FUNCTION DURING NUTRIENT DEPRIVAL IN THE EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELL

ABSTRACT We have shown previously that initiation is inhibited in Ehrlich cells deprived of an essential amino acid or of glucose, and that an inhibited step in initiation is the binding of Met-tRNA f to the native 40s ribosomal subunit. This step is mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2). In the present work we have studied the amount and degree of phosphorylation of eIF-2 in the ribosome-bound (KCl wash) and soluble (S-100) fractions of fed, glucose-deprived, and amino acid-deprived cells. The amount of eIF-2, measured by the Millipore filter binding assay, is similar in fed and deprived cells, in both the KCl wash and the S-100 fractions. In cells exposed to 32 Pi for two hours, the 38,000 dalton subunit of eIF-2 is labeled in eIF-2 purified from total ribosomes or from native 40s subunits, but not in eIF-2 purified from the soluble fraction. Function of eIF-2 requires cycling from the free to the ribosome-bound state, and these data suggest that phosphorylation of eIF-2 may play a role in its cycling. The degree of labeling of the 38,000 dalton subunit is similar in eIF-2 of fed compared to nutrient-deprived cells, whether extracted from the total ribosomal KCl wash fraction or from the native 40s subunits. The 48,000 dalton subunit is also phosphorylated in vivo and differences were not seen between fed and deprived cells. If the degree of labeling reflects the extent of phosphorylation of the proteins, these data indicate that phosphorylation of eIF-2 is not the mechanism regulating initiation in glucose- or amino acid-deprived Ehrlich cells. A ribosomal protein of molecular weight 36,000, presumably S6, is much more highly labeled by 32 Pi in ribosomes of fed than of deprived cells. Monomeric ribosomes and polyribosomes are equally labeled.
A Study of Cerebral Vascular Evolution in Primates

The intelligent use of nonhuman primates in evolutionary studies requires an appreciation for both primate anatomy and systematics. The choice of an experimental animal often depends not only on an evaluation of the comparative anatomical systems involved, but also on the phenetic relationship of the animal to man. An understanding of the anatomical variations found within the order Primates make it possible to design experimental research programs on anatomical systems of widely varying complexities within a group of animals closely related to our own species.
Merleau-Ponty on Cultural Schemas and Childhood Drawing

Like his colleague and friend Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty rejected the idea that the unconscious is radically separate from our conscious experience. Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology elucidates how many aspects of experience are “unconscious” insofar as they resist categorization through “cultural schemas”—i.e., traditional cultural and scientific models. Such elements of experience are not barred from becoming conscious; they are not buried deep within our psyches. Rather, they form our perceptual experience, hidden by our linguistic and cultural norms. In this paper, I take up Merleau-Ponty’s discussion of childhood drawing. Alongside Tony O’Connor’s work on Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of the unconscious and ambiguity, I demonstrate that childhood drawing shows how deeply cultural schemas can limit our representations of perceptual experience.
Extracting hydrogen and electricity from renewable resources.

There is a global interest in hydrogen as an energy source for vehicles. Current sources of hydrogen are natural gas, heavy oils and naphtha, coal and electrolysis. The potential and economic feasibility for generating hydrogen from biomass and wastewater is being examined in the USA. The fermentative production of hydrogen by the microbial fermentation of sugars is discussed. Techniques for improving the economics of fermentative hydrogen production are based on using cost-free substrates or finding a market for the unused substrate. Potential hydrogen yields from wastewater are outlined. New fuel cell technologies under development may provide a more direct method for recovering 85% of the energy that remains in water after hydrogen is removed. The design of microbial fuel cells is outlined.
Good Questions 5. How can a food product be both old and new

How can some foods and food additives be regarded as novel and subject to patent claims and at the same time be obviously safe? In dealing with its responsibilities to ensure the safety of foods it looks like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acts in ways that favor the manufacturers and expose consumers to unnecessary risk. The FDA uses the term GRAS, Generally Regarded as Safe, to identify products as not requiring further study to establish their safety. Any person may “notify” FDA that a product is GRAS. The FDA does not accept or agree with the notifier’s GRAS conclusion. Usually the FDA simply does not question the notifier’s claim. This peculiar approach to “regulation” by the FDA is illustrated here through examination of Evolve BioSystems’ new trademarked product, Evivo, claimed to be “the first and only probiotic powder clinically proven to restore the infant gut microbiome to its original, natural state.” Evivo is obviously a new and unfamiliar product. It is only because it is novel that Evolve Biosystems pursued patents relating to it. The FDA’s primary responsibility is to protect public health. The FDA’s refusing to accept a GRAS claim by a manufacturer would not be an assertion that it the product is unsafe. It would simply be an assertion that, as a matter of prudence, the safety of this product should be investigated by an objective agency both before and after it is marketed. That is not too much to ask, especially when the consumers are to be highly vulnerable children.
Global Implications of International Integration of the Brazilian Economy

International economic integration of national economies establishes value supply chains that create exploitable economic dependencies. National economies can benefit from their exploitation of benefits from their supply of exports and their demand for imports. Descriptive statistics are used to present the standing of Brazil, in terms of its international economic integration, compared to that of emerging and advanced economies. The views of unrestricted trade with liberal exploitable economic dependencies and restricted trade in an economic interdependence with reciprocity and justice are discussed. Implications for Brazil and the global economy from Brazil’s international integration are derived.
Enhanced Recovery for Breast Reconstruction Surgery

Enhanced recovery pathways are a well-described perioperative healthcare program involving evidence-based interventions. Enhanced recovery is designed to standardize techniques such as drug selection and nerve blocks in order to speed recovery and reduce overall hospital costs. A PubMed literature search was performed for articles that included the terms enhanced recovery and breast reconstruction surgery. The present investigation summarizes enhanced recovery literature related to breast surgery with a focus on breast reconstruction. Enhanced recovery considerations discussed in this review include patient education, preadmission optimization, perforator flap planning, anesthetic techniques, optimized fasting, venous thrombosis prophylaxis, early mobilization, and antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Size and Alignment Independent Classification of the High-Order Spatial Modes of a Light Beam Using a Convolutional Neural Network

The higher-order spatial modes of a light beam are receiving significant interest. They can be used to further increase the data speeds of high speed optical communication, and for novel optical sensing modalities. As such, the classification of higher-order spatial modes is ubiquitous. Canonical classification methods typically require the use of unconventional optical devices. However, in addition to having prohibitive cost, complexity, and efficacy, such methods are dependent on the light beam’s size and alignment. In this work, a novel method to classify higher-order spatial modes is presented, where a convolutional neural network is applied to images of higher-order spatial modes that are taken with a conventional camera. In contrast to previous methods, by training the convolutional neural network with higher-order spatial modes of various alignments and sizes, this method is not dependent on the light beam’s size and alignment. As a proof of principle, images of 4 Hermite-Gaussian modes (HG00, HG01, HG10, and HG11) are numerically calculated via known solutions to the electromagnetic wave equation, and used to synthesize training examples. It is shown that as compared to training the convolutional neural network with training examples that have the same sizes and alignments, a ~2× increase in accuracy can be achieved.
Using Structural Analysis and Academic-Based Intervention for a Student at Risk of EBD:

This single-case experiment used structural analysis to confirm the instructional conditions in which a third-grade student's problem behaviors occurred. At the time of the study, the student was u...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy/Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) are progressive neurologic conditions that manifest as muscular weakness. SMA is hereditary and LEMS is acquired, and LEM is frequently associated with an underlying malignancy such as small cell lung cancer. Both SMA and LEMS patients can develop urinary symptoms as part of the disease progression. SMA can be associated with bothersome nocturia and urinary frequency. Urinary retention has also been reported among LEMS and SMA patients. Urologic treatment goals are supportive and focused on reducing lower urinary tract symptoms and improving bladder emptying, if needed. Both SMA and LEMS patients have high surgical risk due to sensitivity to neuromuscular blocking agents.