cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shifting Loyalties: Support for a Global State and Nationalism

It has been suggested that the increasing power and prominence of global organizations may be undermining the nation state as an organizational form. In an attempt to understand how these dynamics may play out at the individual level a sample of US social movement actors were surveyed to measure support for nationalism and support for the creation of a global state. Support for a global state is hypothesized to be negatively associated with support for national governments. Multivariate binary and ordinal logistic regressions show a number of demographic and attitudinal variables are positively associated with nationalism and, generally, are negatively associated with support for a global state. Se ha sugerido que el creciente poder y la importancia de las organizaciones globales pueden estar debilitando la nacion estado como una forma organizacional. En un intento para entender la manera como estas dinamicas pueden interpretarse a un nivel individual, se realizo una encuesta a una muestra de actores del ...
Associations between students' situational interest, mastery experiences, and physical activity levels in an interactive dance game.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of previous experiences on students’ situational interest and physical activity (PA) levels, as well as the relationships between situational interest and PA levels in Dance Dance Revolution (DDR). A total of 135 seventh through ninth graders participated in DDR unit for two weeks, and reported their previous DDR experiences. Students’ PA levels were measured by ActiGraph accelerometers for three classes with percentages of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the outcome variable. They also responded to the Situational Interest Scale (including novelty, challenge, attention demand, exploration intention, and instant enjoyment) at the end of each class. The Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) yielded a significant main effect for experience. Follow-up tests revealed that students with DDR experiences scored significantly higher than those without experiences at following dimensions: challenge; exploration intention;...
Measurement of the Intensity of Long-Lifetime Luminophores in the Presence of Background Signals Using Phase-Modulation Fluorometry

We describe a method to correct for background fluorescence and to measure the intensity of long-lifetime probes using phase-modulation fluorometry. The theoretically predicted and simulated data were supported by two experiments. The fractional contribution of background fluorescence in the sample was determined by measurement of phase angle and/or modulation at single modulation frequency. In certain experimental situations, where the mean decay times of the background and the long lifetime probe are widely separated, determination of background signals in the sample does not require a blank sample or information about the nature of intensity decay of the background. Hence, phase-modulation fluorometry can be used to directly determine the intensity of the long-lifetime probe in the presence of an unknown short-lifetime background. We also discuss the effects of ambient light (indefinitely long lifetime) and scattered excitation light (zero lifetime) on phase-modulation measurements.
Recursive programs and denotational semantics in absolute logics of programs

Abstract It has been proposed by Meyer, Kfouri and others to extend the so-called Nonstandard Logics of Programs approach (NLP henceforth) to recursive programs and denotational semantics in some natural way. The key step in doing NLP is selecting a semantics for programs (which, in the present paper, is denotational semantics) and then forming its KPU-absolute version. Absoluteness is a set theoretic property of logics. If a logic L is not absolute, then some formulas of L do not speak about the models of L , but about something else. If a logic has this strange property, then it is impossible to find a complete inference system for it, and this because of purely “administrative” reasons, which might not correspond to any of the inherent properties of the original situation we are modeling (in devising this logic etc.). This “administrative” incompleteness is only one of the undesirable side effects of nonabsoluteness. In NLP, the purpose of constructing and studying absolute versions of logics is aimed at, among other things, the removal of these undesirable properties. The absolute version of denotational semantics will turn out to be based on 2-sorted first order logic, or more concretely, on the usual nonstandard or weak second order logic. Some of the most relevant features of this logic are the ability to compare “realistic” existing program verification methods, create new, more powerful and still “realistic” ones, completeness etc., to mention only a very few.
Steady State Error - Classical Solution

The relationship between steady state error and system type is presented in terms of the classical solution of ordinary differential equations. The addition of integrators in the forward path to obtain zero steady state error is described in terms of changes in the structure of the closed loop differential equation. Ordinary differential equation structural characteristics which yield zero steady state error for constant, ramp and parabolic inputs are summarized.
Expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) during melanoma-induced angiogenesis in vivo.

Recent ultrastructural data indicate that tumor-induced angiogenesis involves polarized outgrowth of endothelial cells from established vessels into tumor parenchyma and interstitium. Efforts to define the cytoarchitecture of the angiogenic response and to ascertain molecular determinants of polarized endothelial migration have been impeded by lack of sensitive and specific immunologic markers for endothelium and vessel wall components. In this study, we utilized monoclonal antibody to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a cell-cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, to determine extent and patterns of angiogenesis in metastatic melanomas before (N = 7) and after (N = 3) induction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte responses provoked by administration of experimental melanoma vaccine. PECAM-1 proved to be a more reliable marker for angiogenesis than antibodies to von Willebrand Factor. Although both normal and tumor vessels exhibited prominent staining for PECAM-1, different patterns of endothelial reactivity were observed. Formation of new vessels was associated with i) PECAM-1 redistribution from a constitutive circumferential membrane pattern to a pattern restricted to cell-cell junctions; ii) formation of endothelial cords formed by cell-cell interactions; and iii) eventual development of open lumens. Vessels within inflamed (vaccine-treated) and non-inflamed melanomas did not differ with regard to patterns of PECAM-1 expression. Forming vessels of inflamed melanomas failed to express the cytokine-inducible activation marker, E-selectin. Although normal microvessels and reactive vessels of healing wounds demonstrated prominent staining for α6; laminin receptor, vessels within melanomas showed apparently diminished expression. These data establish PECAM-1 as a sensitive and specific marker for experimental angiogenesis, and further support the possibility that cell-cell adhesion mediated by PECAM-1 may contribute to directed endothelial migration typical of tumor-induced formation of new vessels.
Pressure effects on the photochemical reactions of transition metal complexes

Abstract Investigations of pressure effects on the chemical and physical deactivation pathways of transition metal excited states are summarized and discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the calculation of the activation volumes of the rate constants for the various deactivation channels and the interpretation of these in terms of reaction mechanisms.
Novel ROS-activated agents utilize a tethered amine to selectively target acute myeloid leukemia.

This study explores the possible use of reactive oxygen-activated DNA modifying agents against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key amine on the lead agent was investigated via cytotoxicity assays and was found necessary for potency. The two best compounds were screened via the NCI-60 cell panel. These two compounds had potency between 200 and 800 nM against many of the leukemia cancer cell types. Subsequent experiments explored activity against a transformed AML model that mimics the molecular signatures identified in primary AML patient samples. A lead compound had an IC50 of 760 nM against this AML cell line as well as a therapeutic index of 7.7 ± 3 between the transformed AML model cell line and non-cancerous human CD34+ blood stem/progenitor cells (UCB). The selectivity was much greater than the mainstays of AML treatment: doxorubicin and cytarabine. This manuscript demonstrates that this novel type of agent may be useful against AML.
Endonasal modification of the frontal sinus drainage type IIb according to Draf

The description of different endonasal drainage options (type I, II and III according to Draf) and their successful use in numerous patients has reached a milestone in frontal sinus surgery. We herein describe a modification of an endonasal frontal sinus drainage type IIb with the additional removal of the lower part of the frontal sinus septum without opening the frontal recess of the other side and without resection of the nasal septum. The modified endonasal endoscopic frontal sinus drainage type IIb was performed on 9 patients at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar between 02/2011 and 6/2013 after having gained patients’ consent. Follow-ups with endoscopic examination were performed after 6, 12 and 24 months (median follow-up: 14 months). Endonasal endoscopic opening of the frontal sinus was achieved in all patients. Endoscopic examination 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery revealed patent frontal sinus drainage in 8 patients. The frontal sinus drainage could not be visualized endoscopically in one patient who was free of symptoms for 24 months and where a ventilated frontal sinus was proven radiologically by computed tomography. The study demonstrates the option to additionally remove the lower part of the inter-frontal septum with a frontal sinus drainage type IIb. As the number of patients treated by this modified frontal sinus type IIb drainage is limited, further investigations are needed to define the value of a modified frontal sinus drainage type IIb.
Severe Distortion by 5-Bromouracil of the Sequence Characteristics of a Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic Acid

THE statement is often encountered in the literature that one or another purine or pyrimidine analogue, not found in the cell normally, can, when it is incorporated into a deoxy- or ribo-nucleic acid, partly replace one of the natural nucleic acid constituents. For example, 5-bromouracil is said to replace some of the thymine in deoxyribonucleic acid, or 5-fluorouracil some of the uracil of ribonucleic acid ; and this view is even applied to minor constituents occurring in Nature, 5-methylcytosine replacing some of the cytosine, pseudouridine some of the uridine. Such statements are derived, implicitly, from the complementariness principles formulated in this laboratory for deoxyribonucleic acid1 and ribonucleic acid2. But what actually is meant by replacement ? If, as is the case, the molar sum of the 6-aminopyrimidines cytosine and 5-methylcytosine equals the molar concentration of the 6-ketopurine guanine in the deoxyribonucleic acid of rye germ3, does this signify that every cytosine molecule along the polymer chain has an equal chance of being ‘replaced’ by a methylcytosine molecule ? We have recently discussed the evidence for this not being the case3.
Information theoretic feature selection for high dimensional metagenomic data

Extremely high dimensional data sets are common in genomic classification scenarios, but they are particularly prevalent in metagenomic studies that represent samples as abundances of taxonomic units. Furthermore, the data dimensionality is typically much larger than the number of observations collected for each instance, a phenomenon known as curse of dimensionality, a particularly challenging problem for most machine learning algorithms. The biologists collecting and analyzing data need efficient methods to determine relationships between classes in a data set and the variables that are capable of differentiating between multiple groups in a study. The most common methods of metagenomic data analysis are those characterized by α- and β-diversity tests; however, neither of these tests allow scientists to identify the organisms that are most responsible for differentiating between different categories in a study. In this paper, we present an analysis of information theoretic feature selection methods for improving the classification accuracy with metagenomic data.
Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma—an uncommon thyroid tumor frequently misdiagnosed as papillary or medullary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract Background Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma (HTA) is an uncommon benign thyroid tumor that can present as a solitary thyroid nodule, a prominent nodule in a multinodular goiter, or as an incidental finding in a thyroidectomy specimen. The clinical significance of the lesion is that it is frequently misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology or as papillary or medullary carcinoma on histopathological section. We reviewed our recent experience with 7 patients diagnosed with HTA. Methods Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 7 patients presenting with a solitary thyroid nodule (n = 4) or a multinodular goiter (n = 3). The patients underwent total thyroidectomy (n = 6) or hemithyroidectomy (n = 1). Results In 4 patients, the preoperative cytology was suggestive of papillary carcinoma, in 2 patients suspicious, and in 1 patient positive for papillary carcinoma. On histopathological section, 2 patients had a microscopic HTA, 2 patients had HTA in 1 or 2 nodules of a multinodular goiter, and 3 patients had HTA in a solitary nodule. Except in 1 patient, who had a microscopic focus (3.2 mm) of papillary carcinoma, there was no evidence of malignancy in the surgical specimens on permanent histopathological section. Conclusions Although HTA is a rare condition of the thyroid, the surgeon needs to be aware of this entity to be able to better discuss the pathological findings with the patient, particularly since some pathologists and endocrinologists believe that HTA may represent a malignant neoplasm of low metastatic potential.
Evidence for extensive grain boundary meander and overgrowth of substrate grain boundaries in high critical current density ex situ YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors

It has been generally accepted that YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films deposited on deformation textured polycrystalline metal tapes result in YBCO grain boundary (GB) networks that essentially replicate the GBs of the underlying substrate. Here we report that for thicker YBCO films produced by a BaF2 ex situ process, this is not true. Using electron backscatter diffraction combined with ion milling, we have been able to map the evolution of the YBCO grain structure and compare it to the underlying template in several coated conductors. For thin (⩽0.5 µm) YBCO films deposited on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS), the YBCO GBs nearly directly overlap the substrate GBs. For 0.7–1.4 µm YBCO films, the GBs were found to meander along the substrate GBs and along the sample normal, with displacements several times the film thickness. In very thick films (2.5–2.9 µm), the YBCO grains can completely overgrow substrate grains and GBs, resulting in a substantial disconnection of the YBCO and substrate GB networks. Similar behavior is found for BaF2 ex situ YBCO films on ion-beam-assisted deposition-type templates. The ability of the YBCO to overgrow substrate grains and GBs is believed to be due to liquid-phase mediated laminar grain growth. Although the behavior of the YBCO GB networks changes with YBCO film thickness, the samples maintained high critical current density (Jc) values of <2 MA/cm2 for films up to 1.4 µm thick, and up to 0.9 MA/cm2 for 2.5–2.9-µm-thick films.
Analysis of a recursive least squares hyperbolic rotation algorithm for signal processing

Abstract The application of hyperbolic plane rotations to the least squares downdating problem arising in windowed recursive least squares signal processing is studied. A forward error analysis is given to show that this algorithm can be expected to perform well in the presence of rounding errors, provided that the problem is not too ill conditioned. The hyperbolic rotation algorithm is shown to be forward (weakly) stable and, in fact, comparable to an orthogonal downdating method shown to be backward stable by Stewart. It is shown in detail how the method's accuracy depends upon the conditioning. Numerical comparisons are made with the usual method based upon orthogonal rotations as implemented in LINPACK . Both methods have the important advantage over the classical normal equations appraoch that they can be effectively implemented on special purpose signal processing devices requiring shorter word-lengths. However, the hyperbolic rotation requires n 2 fewer multiplications and additions for each downdating step than the orthogonal method, where n is the number of least squares filter coefficients. In addition, it is more amenable to implementation on a variety of vector and parallel machines. In many signal processing applications n is not large, and if n processors are available, then the downdating process can be accomplished in 2 n time steps by the hyperbolic rotation method.
Set-point: Is it a distinct structural entity in biological control?

Abstract Interest in biological control mechanisms focusses largely on quantities that are held relatively constant, in contrast to those which adapt to varying conditions. Studies of the former, via systems engineering concepts, often utilize the notion of set-point. Although set-point serves a useful purpose to configure control systems, there is no basis to conclude the existence of separate structural entities which provide such reference in biological systems.
Multiple routes and regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation characterize the ATP-dependent transport of 2,4-dinitrophenyl S-glutathione in inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes

ATP-dependent efflux routes for 2,4-dinitrophenyl S-glutathione (DNP-SG) were investigated using inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes. Nonlinear double-reciprocal plots of transport at substrate concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 500 micro;m indicated that multiple transport routes were operative. Sensitivity to naphthyl glucuronide separated [3H]DNP-SG transport into two low-affinity components which by computer analysis exhibited Km values of 330 and 1400 micro;m, respectively. At low substrate concentrations, two high-affinity routes were observed. The predominant activity (hMOAT3a) exhibited a Km of 0.18 micro;m (Vmax = 22 pmol/min/mg protein), whereas the second activity (MOAT3b) had a Km of 0.58 micro;m (Vmax = 16 pmol/min/mg protein). High-affinity transport of DNP-SG increased substantially (2.5-fold) in vesicles preincubated with genistein or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Kinetic analyses in vesicles pretreated with 50 micro;m genistein showed that increased transport resulted from the appearance of a new activity (hMOAT3c) with a Km of 0.85 micro;m and a substantially elevated Vmax (80 pmol/min/mg protein). At varying concentrations of genistein, a progression was observed that was consistent with the conversion of hMOAT3b to hMOAT3a and hMOAT3a to hMOAT3c. Phenylarsine oxide, a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, produced an opposite progression. Specificity studies showed that hMOAT3a exhibited the highest affinity for various anionic conjugates, and had a notable binding preference for glutathione disulfide. The relative effectiveness of the various inhibitors was similar for hMOAT3a, hMOAT3b, and hMOAT3c, as well as for a corresponding mMOAT3 activity from L1210 mouse cells. The results show that human erythrocytes contain multiple ATP-dependent efflux systems for DNP-SG and that separation of these systems can be achieved on the basis of substrate Km value and inhibitor and activator specificity. High-affinity transport can proceed via three activities which appear to be subforms of a single system with differing levels of tyrosine phosphorylation. Multiple hMOAT3 subforms provide flexibility for extruding various anionic conjugates and may have evolved in erythrocytes to expedite the efflux of GS-SG.
Cell growth and cell cycle control

mbc.E13-01-0002 Molecular Biology of the Cell Volume 24 Page 678 MBoC is pleased to publish this summary of the Minisymposium “Cell Growth and Cell Cycle Control” held at the American Society for Cell Biology 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 19, 2012.
Thirty-eight cases of Bartholin's cyst treated with laser

Bartholin's cyst is a common disease of gynecology. It is cystic expansion of the gland tubes, which is caused by scar and infection. Forty years ago this disease was completely cut away by operation. In 1966, someone thought that cystostomy was a certain treatment method. Although there are many therapies used to treat this disease, e.g., incision drainage, excision, puncture, etc., they all have a better or worse side. In the past two years we used CO2 laser to treat patients in our hospital. Comparing outpatients with inpatients, the writer thinks that inpatients treated with laser (CO2) have less bleeding, less pain, faster recovery, and a higher success rate. This operation is done in the clinic and its both convenient and cheap. This method is one of the valuable methods which is worth spreading. From April 1989 to April 1991, 74 patients were treated with traditional operation and drug treatment. Another 38 patients were treated with the laser in the clinic. Clinical treatment results are contained here.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Regulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein (LHCP) mRNA accumulation during the cell cycle in chlamydomonas reinhardi

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCP) synthesis is highly regulated during the cell cycle in light-dark synchronized C. reinhardi cells. LHCPs are a family of cytoplasmically synthesized proteins which are imported into the chloroplast. LHCPs are derived from at least two precursor proteins (32 kd and 30 kd) that are synthesized in vitro and immunoprecipitated by antiserum against chlorophyll-protein complex II proteins. A DNA copy of the mRNA encoding a 32 kd LHCP precursor was cloned from cDNA synthesized from poly(A) RNA obtained from mid-light-phase synchronous cells. Using cloned cDNA (pHS16) as a hybridization probe, we found that a single 1.2 kb RNA complementary to pHS16 accumulates in a wave-like manner during the mid-light phase of the 12 hr light-12 hr dark cycle and correlates with the pattern of chlorophyll synthesis. Light, during the light phase in the light-dark cycle, is required for accumulation of this RNA.
Evidence for exclusive B decays to final states containing a charmed baryon

Using data collected in the region of the γ(4S) resonance with the CLEO-II detector, we report on the first observation of exclusive decays of the B meson to final states with a charmed baryon. We ...
Murray Rothbard: Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers series, Volume 15

By Gerard Casey Continuum, 2010. Pp. xii + 169. ISBN 978-1-4411-4209-2. $130 (hbk). Murray Rothbard was the kind of man who is sometimes called a ‘creative genius’. His extensive writings on topics...
Use of trinitrobenzene as a nitrogen source by Pseudomonas vesicularis isolated from soil.

An aerobic Gram-negative bacterium identified as Pseudomonas vesicularis was isolated from soil contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB). This bacterium used TNB as the sole source of nitrogen. The TNB was metabolized within 80 h of incubation. The major metabolites produced were dinitroaniline, dinitrobenzene (DNB), nitroaniline, nitrobenzene (NB), and ammonia. The concentrations of DNB and NB produced in the culture medium were nearly stoichiometric. The ammonia concentration in the culture medium increased during the course of incubation. The end product of TNB metabolism was NB, which did not undergo further degradation even after long incubation time. This bacterium could be used in a syntrophic culture system with other NB-degrading bacteria to remove TNB completely from soil and water at contaminated sites.
A mathematical model of the basilar membrane

Abstract A two-parameter basilar membrane model with uniform geometry, mass, and stiffness distribution is studied. The exact solution of the equation of motion is obtained. For certain model configurations the displacement patterns of the membrane consist of traveling waves and damped standing waves. A place principle is observed with the direction of the shift governed by the relative magnitudes of the model parameters. The qualitative effect of a stiffness gradient along the membrane on the place principle is discussed. Thresholds, with respect to frequency, are found that suggestthat the location of the low-frequency threshold depends only on the membrane length.
Host Plants of Leptoglossus oppositus (Say) (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Abstract Here we report new host plant records for the coreid Leptoglossus oppositus (Say) and summarize the available host plant data from the literature. Our collection records add six new host associations to the known information for L. oppositus (bald cypress, trumpet creeper, American beautyberry, sunflower, tuliptree, and red mulberry) and corroborate published observations of this species on catalpa, jimsonweed, pecan, and tomato. Breeding hosts range from annual crops to vines, shrubs, and trees, and include gymnosperms, monocots and dicots from 15 families. Adding adult records to this total yields 22 families and 29 genera as potential or actual food plants. Field observations, coupled with published accounts, indicate that nymphs are strongly associated with the presence of host reproductive structures, although adults may be collected on host plants during non-fruiting periods. Overlap with congeners [e.g., L. phyllopus (L.), L.corculus (Say)] occurs on several host plant species. Like the le...
Autoinhibition of Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 through Its Src Homology 3 Domain

Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase to activate the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. MLK3 has also been implicated as an IκB kinase kinase in the activation of NF-κB. Amino-terminal to its catalytic domain, MLK3 contains a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. SH3 domains harbor three highly conserved aromatic amino acids that are important for ligand binding. In this study, we mutated one of these corresponding residues within MLK3 to deliberately disrupt the function of its SH3 domain. This SH3-defective mutant of MLK3 exhibited increased catalytic activity compared with wild type MLK3 suggesting that the SH3 domain negatively regulates MLK3 activity. We report herein that the SH3 domain of MLK3 interacts with full-length MLK3, and we have mapped the site of interaction to a region between the zipper and the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif. Interestingly, the SH3-binding region contains not a proline-rich sequence but, rather, a single proline residue. Mutation of this sole proline abrogates SH3 binding and increases MLK3 catalytic activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLK3 is autoinhibited through its SH3 domain. The critical proline residue in the SH3-binding site of MLK3 is conserved in the closely related family members, MLK1 and MLK2, suggesting a common autoinhibitory mechanism among these kinases. Our study has revealed the first example of SH3 domain-mediated autoinhibition of a serine/threonine kinase and provides insight into the regulation of the mixed lineage family of protein kinases.
Effect of hardness on multiaxial fatigue behaviour and some simple approximations for steels

Constant-amplitude in-phase and 90° out-of-phase axial-torsional fatigue tests were conducted on tubular specimens made from a medium-carbon steel with three hardness levels obtained from normalizing, quenching and tempering and induction hardening to find the effect of hardness on multiaxial fatigue behaviour. In addition, the same loadings were applied on the normalized solid specimens to investigate the effect of specimen geometry on multiaxial fatigue life. Similar fatigue life variation as a function of hardness was found for in-phase and out-of-phase loadings, with higher ductility beneficial in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and higher strength beneficial in high-cycle fatigue (HCF). Multiaxial fatigue data were satisfactorily correlated for all hardness levels with the Fatemi-Socie parameter. Furthermore, in order to predict multiaxial fatigue life of steels in the absence of any fatigue data, the Roessle-Fatemi hardness method was used. Multiaxial fatigue lives were predicted fairly accurately using the Fatemi-Socie multiaxial model based on only the hardness level of the material. The applicability of the prediction method based on hardness was also examined for Inconel 718 and a stainless steel under a wide range of loading conditions. The great majority of the observed fatigue lives were found to be in good agreement with predicted lives.
Triplex forming oligonucleotides: sequence-specific tools for gene targeting

Sequence-specificity is the key to effective genetic targeting. With specificity, targeted genes can be manipulated in multiple ways; without it, gene therapy agents become loose canons within cells. Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove of duplex DNA with high specificity and affinity. Because of these characteristics, TFOs have been proposed as homing devices for genetic manipulation in vivo. Here we review work demonstrating the ability of TFOs and related molecules to alter gene expression and mediate genome modification in mammalian cells. Recent studies have established that TFOs can mediate targeted gene knock out in mice, laying the foundation for the potential application of these molecules in human gene therapy.
Attorney Loyalty and Client Perjury - A Postscript to Nix v. Whiteside

Most experienced prosecutors, judges, and defense attorneys probably would agree that perjury in the criminal justice system occurs often. Although the frequency of perjury has never been demonstrated empirically, it is not surprising that with so much at stake, prosecution and defense witnesses would be tempted to fabricate testimony to meet the exigencies of the case. Detecting and dealing with perjurious testimony, however, is another matter. Implicated are complex legal and ethical problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys. Moreover, the judiciary's response to these problems has been largely formalistic and deficient in enunciating sufficiently clear standards to guide future behavior.
The deoxygenation kinetic properties of human fetal hemoglobin: effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.

Abstract The deoxygenation kinetics of isolated adult and fetal hemoglobin are measured. The results demonstrate that significant functional differences exist between the two tetrameric hemoglobins. It is pointed out that these functional differences closely parallel the differences in similar properties of beta and gamma chains. It is also shown that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) has no significant effect on the deoxygenation rate of fetal hemoglobin. This result appears to be consistent with the reported weaker binding of 2,3-DPG to the oxygen linked groups of fetal hemoglobin.
Intrinsic Properties of Uncorrected and Highly Corrected Leads

An improved experimental method was employed to determine the dipolar and nondipolar sensing characteristics of various lead connections in an electrically homogeneous human torso model. The intrinsic properties of the cube and tetrahedron leads were compared with those of an ideal vectorcardiographic system. The conventional precordial leads, V1 through V6, were analyzed anatomically and electrically with respect to corresponding ideal unipolar leads, with similar treatment of the augmented unipolar extremity leads. Finally, methods of constructing highly corrected anteroposterior and transverse vectorcardiographic leads were developed. The study of the cube and tetrahedron systems confirms in strict quantitative terms that they are not suited for accurate vectorcardiographic registration. The defects of existing Z leads are greatly minimized by the use of a grid system in which the electrodes of the anteriorly applied array are individually weighted. An X lead of similar quality was achieved by a transverse grid in which the left-sided electrodes, including the arm connection, were also weighted individually. These two corrected leads, together with a previously described vertical connection, form a vectorcardiographic system whose inherent properties approach those of an ideal system. Analysis of the precordial unipolar leads demonstrates that they are in fact proximity electrodes and some of them are approximately unipolar in their behavior. Leads aVR and aVL are classed as semi-remote, and lead aVF as remote. Thoracic structures are not electrically homogeneous or isotropic. Nevertheless, lacking definitive information on the manner in which these factors influence the electrocardiographic transfer properties of the body, the study of electrolyte-filled models remains a valid experimental basis for lead analysis and synthesis.
Library Spaces for Urban, Diverse Commuter Students: A Participatory Action Research Project.

A data-gathering project using elements of Participatory Action Research was conducted at the Auraria Library, which serves the University of Colorado Denver, the Metropolitan State College of Denver and the Community College of Denver. The project was administered in order to shape a plan to develop a Learning Commons environment at the library. The researcher thought that the needs on a campus with many non-traditional, commuter students might differ from the needs of a more traditional college campus. Information was gathered using surveys, spontaneous focus groups, flipcharts and observation. Results were used and interpreted by students in an architecture class.
Risk factors for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: dental appliances, oral hygiene, previous oral lesions, and history of smoking.

Oral mucositis is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of several chemotherapy (CTX) agents. There are suggested risk factors that could influence the development of mucositis. The presence of dental appliances, history of oral lesions, or smoking have the potential to irritate the oral mucosa and produce breaks in the integrity of the mucosa. The purposes of this study were to determine if there were differences in the incidence, severity, and time to onset of CTX-induced mucositis in oncology outpatients who wore dental appliances, had a history of oral lesions, had varying oral hygiene/care practices, and had a history of smoking and those who did not. Patients who were initiated a course of CTX that included stomatotoxic agents were followed for three complete cycles of CTX. They were instructed on how to examine their mouths for mucositis, to contact, and then visit their outpatient settings if it occurred. Clinicians corroborated the presence of mucositis, and the Eiler's Oral Assessment Guide was used by clinicians to determine the severity. Of 332 outpatients, almost half (46%) wore some type of dental appliance, 32% had a history of oral lesions, 10% were currently smoking, and 63% had a history of smoking. Oral hygiene/care practices varied: 81% brushed their teeth two or more times a day, 29% flossed at least daily, 11% had visited their dentist within 2 months of beginning CTX, and 10% had their teeth professionally cleaned within two months of beginning CTX. There was a 31% (n = 104) incidence of CTX-induced mucositis. No significant differences were found in the incidence between patients who wore dental appliances, had a history of oral lesions, had a history of smoking, and practiced different hygiene/care and patients who did not. Of 104 patients who developed mucositis, the average severity rating was 13.05 +/- 2.88 (+/-SD) (a normal mouth is rated at 8) and the average time to onset was 22.3 +/- 21.46 days. There were no significant differences found in severity or time to onset of mucositis between patients who wore dental appliances, had a history of oral lesions, had a history of smoking, and practiced different dental hygiene/care and patients who did not. Although not significant, there were interesting differences in the time to onset across the suggested risk factors (e.g., patients who had visited a dentist or who had their teeth professionally cleaned within 2 months before beginning before CTX developed mucositis 7.4 and 10.6 days sooner, respectively, than patients who did not). These findings suggest that risk factors for the development of CTX-induced mucositis are not as simple and direct as clinicians may believe.
Developing pathogen reduction technologies for RBC suspensions

Numerous studies have evaluated a wide variety of photosensitizers and alkylating agents as candidates for a pathogen reduction process to be used in RBC suspensions. The methodologies that produce robust inactivation of pathogens with maintenance of RBC properties during storage involve those that specifically target nucleic acids. This has been demonstrated through in vitro studies by flexible photosensitizers, which specifically target nucleic acid but do not engage in photochemistry when free in solution and nucleic acid alkylating agents in conjunction with extracellular quencher(s) to protect against RBC membrane alkylation. The flexible photosensitizer method must be scaled up to entire units, and toxicology studies would need to be performed for further development. Clinical trials will ultimately be necessary to further develop either flexible photosensitizers or nucleic acid alkylating methods with quenchers for use in Transfusion Medicine.
The role of speed versus working memory in predicting learning new information in multiple sclerosis

The most common cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been documented in specific domains, including new learning and memory, working memory, and information processing speed. However, little attempt has been made to increase our understanding of their relationship to one another. While recent studies have shown that processing speed impacts new learning and memory abilities in MS, the role of working memory in this relationship has received less attention. The present study examines the relative contribution of impaired working memory versus processing speed in new learning and memory functions in MS. Participants consisted of 51 individuals with clinically definite MS. Participants completed two measures of processing speed, two measures of working memory, and two measures of episodic memory. Data were analyzed via correlational and multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that the variance in new learning abilities in this sample was primarily associated with processing speed, wit...
Alcohol consumption and problem drinking in Vietnam era veterans and nonveterans.

The relationship between Vietnam era veteran status and 13 indicators of alcohol consumption and problem drinking is examined using data from the 1977, 1983 and 1985 National Health Interview Surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Compared to a group of nonveterans frequency matched on age, a greater proportion of Vietnam era veterans are currently heavy drinkers and a smaller proportion are abstainers, after simultaneous adjustment for seven demographic factors (age, region of the U.S., urbanization, ethnicity, marital status, education and income). Further, both white veterans and white nonveterans demonstrate an effect of increasing abstention with increasing age across the 3 interview years. In all race and veteran groups the proportion of lifetime abstainers can be ranked in increasing order as follows: white veterans, white nonveterans, non-white veterans and non-white nonveterans. This ranking is reversed for lifetime heavy drinking. Nearly half of the white veterans report drinking heavily at some point in their lives. Among both whites and non-whites, a significantly greater proportion of veterans than nonveterans report alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes or violations. Language: en
Collaboration in Isolation: Bridging Social and Geographical Boundaries in Two Rural Technology Firms

Little attention has been given to understanding how technology is used to bridge social and geographical boundaries between metropolitan and rural firms in developed nations like the United States. In this paper we draw on theory from social worlds to contrast the introduction and integration of collaboration technologies in two small (23-53 employees) rural technology firms in the Midwestern US. We report on a three-year ethnographic study of the work practices and technologies used to forge relationships between distant offices and customers at each firm. Data include participant observation, field notes, memos and interviews with 71 informants. Based on our data, we identified organizational facets of geography, socio-technical configuration and collaboration practices as instrumental in the formation of working spheres [31] for members of each firm. As the facets of each firm change over time, our data show social, organizational and technical practices lead to different types of virtual organization at each firm. One firm’s working spheres coalesce, while the other firm’s working spheres split. We show that small firms operating in rural areas experience unique social and geographic boundaries in their development as virtual organizations.
δ15N and δ18O Reveal the Sources of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Urban Residential Stormwater Runoff

Nitrogen (N) sources are widely distributed in the complex urban environment. High-resolution data elucidating N sources in the residential catchments are not available. We used stable isotopes of N and oxygen (O) of nitrate (δ18O-NO3– and δ15N-NO3–) along with δ18O and hydrogen (δD) of water (H2O) to understand the sources and transformations of N in residential stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff samples were collected over 25 stormwater events at 5 min intervals using an autosampler installed at the residential catchment outlet pipe that drained 31 low-density homes with a total drainage area of 0.11 km2. Bayesian mixing model results indicated that atmospheric deposition (range 43–71%) and chemical N fertilizers (range <1–49%) were the dominant NO3-N sources in the stormwater runoff and that there was a continuum of source changes during the stormwater events. Further, the NO3-N transport in the stormwater runoff from the residential catchment was driven by mixing of multiple sources and biotic (i.e....
Growth hormone improves bone mineral content in children with cystic fibrosis.

Aim: Osteoporosis and osteopenia have been reported as common complications of cystic fibrosis (CF); however, little is known about accrual of bone mineral in CF. The goal of our study was to measure bone mineral content (BMC) in non-acutely-ill, but poorly growing children with CF, and to determine the relationship between height, lean body mass and BMC. Our second aim was to evaluate the effect of one year of treatment with human recombinant growth hormone (GH) on total body BMC. Methods: We measured total-body BMC using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 32 poorly growing (height ≤10 t h percentile for age) pre-pubertal Caucasian children (ages 7 years 6 months-12 years 9 months, 17 M and 15, F) with CF. BMC and lean tissue mass (LTM) were measured at baseline, at 6 months and one year. One half of the children were randomly assigned to receive treatment with GH (GHTX). Results were compared to reference data maintained for healthy children matched for age and ethnicity. Sex steroid and IGF-I levels were also measured. Results: Children with CF exhibited lower total body BMC and LTM than age-, ethnicity- and gender-matched controls. This was still apparent when the data were matched for height and bone age. BMC correlated with height, LTM, and IGF-I levels. Although at baseline the groups were similar, the GHTX group demonstrated significantly greater increase in height, weight, LTM and BMC than the NonTX group. These differences remained despite correction for increase in height Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate BMC in children with CF and suggests that poor accumulation of bone mineral is a problem. We have further demonstrated that GH treatment improves accumulation of bone mineral.
Salmonella Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

AbstractAlthough rare, urinary tract infections in children by salmonella species have been associated with a high incidence of structural anomalies. We report on a 5-year-old patient with Salmonella enteritidis urinary tract infection associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
Screening Lewis Pair Moieties for Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 in Functionalized UiO-66

The capture and reuse of CO2 as a liquid fuel could reduce the overall anthropogenic carbon footprint but requires a catalytic pathway for CO2 hydrogenation under mild conditions, coupled with a re...
Model-based autonomous systems in the new millennium

A new generation of sensor rich, massively distributed, autonomous systems is being developed that has the potential for unprecedented performance, such as networks of smart buildings, reconfigurable factories, spacecraft constellations and remote earth ecosystem monitoring. To achieve high performance these immobile robots will need to use their sensors to accurately model themselves and their environment on a grand scale. They will use these models to reconfigure themselves dramatically if they are to survive decades of autonomous operations. To be economically viable they will need to be programmable purely through high level compositional models. Self modeling, self configuration, deliberated reactions and compositional, model-based programming are the four key elements of a model-based autonomous systems architecture that is taking us into the New Millenium.
Teaching collaborative environmental anthropology: A case study embedding engaged scholarship in critical approaches to voluntourism

This article presents lessons learned from an interdisciplinary-engaged scholarship collaboration between the University of Memphis, Colorado State University, and four Honduran conservation organizations to assess the relationship between gender and conservation values among voluntourists on the Bay Island of Utila, Honduras. We focus on four key domains of teaching feminist and environmental anthropology through applied collaborative work: (1) teaching inclusion and collaboration; (2) understanding and valuing situatedness; (3) interrogating the idea that women are naturally conservationists; and (4) understanding neoliberal conservation and applying anthropology. Finally, we share some lessons learned from the experience, situating this discussion within the broader literature on teaching applied anthropology in higher education. [conservation voluntourism, feminist methods, engaged scholarship]
Student Performance along Axes of Scenario Novelty and Complexity in Introductory Biology: Lessons from a Unique Factorial Approach to Assessment.

Using questions on a summative assessment designed using a factorial framework, the authors simultaneously tested whether a learning objective was met in an undergraduate introductory lab course an...