cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of blood lactate with carotid atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Study

Objectives Cardiovascular risk factors such as aging, smoking, and insulin resistance may lead to atherosclerosis through various mechanisms of which their association with mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of them. In order to examine this hypothesis, we assessed the association between elevated blood lactate, a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction, and carotid atherosclerosis.
Field emission enhancement from Mo tip emitters coated with N containing amorphous diamond films

Abstract Previous studies have shown that amorphous diamond (a-D) films can be deposited on sharp Mo tip emitters at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition, to achieve a substantial improvement in field emission. We report here on the field emission performance of Mo tip emitters coated with nitrogen containing amorphous diamond (a-D:N) films by pulsed laser deposition. The a-D:N film was prepared in an N 2 pressure of 3.7 × 10 −1 Pa with a laser fluence of 25 J/cm 2 . High resolution TEM images revealed that the films had a nano-columnar microstructure which showed a continuous variation in column angle, size and density from the shank to the apex, similar to those observed from the amorphous diamond films. Field emission measurements from Mo tip emitters coated with the a-D:N film indicated a further considerable improvement in turn-on voltage and emission current as compared with those of the a-D film coated Mo emitters. Such an enhancement in field emission may be ascribed to a shallow N donor level in amorphous diamond resulting in the formation of a narrower potential barrier at the interface between the Mo and the a-D:N films.
Impedance description of coherent synchrotron radiation with account of bunch deformation

We are concerned with coherent longitudinal motion in a storage ring, especially with situations in which coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) can in∞uence stability of the beam. The collective force from CSR is usually described by an impedance or a wake function in such a way that the force depends only on the charge distribution at the present time. This description is exact only for a rigid bunch, since causality demands that the force depend on the prior history of the bunch. We show how to treat a deforming bunch by applying the \complete impedance" Z(n;!), a function of wave number and frequency. We derive this impedance and study its analytic properties for a special model: radiation from circular orbits shielded by parallel plates representing the metallic vacuum chamber. We analyze the corresponding collective force, obtaining the usual formula as a flrst approximation, plus easily computed corrections that depend on present and prior values of the time derivative of the charge density. In related papers we have applied these results in numerical simulations of instabilities induced by CSR. PACS numbers: Valid PACS appear here
Mechanism of Malate Utilization in Ascaris‐Muscle Mitochondria

1 The penetration of malate into Ascaris-muscle mitochondria and its metabolic conversion have been studied. 2 It is shown that Pi is required for the entry of malate into the mitochondria. In fact Pi activates: (1) the swelling of Ascaris-muscle mitochondria suspended in ammonium-malate; (2) the reduction by malate of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotides and flavoproteins; (3) the conversion of malate into other metabolites. Butylmalonate abolishes the activating effect of Pi on malate penetration into Ascaris-muscle mitochondria. 3 The activation by Pi of nicotinamide nucleotide reduction is followed at higher Pi concentrations by inhibition. 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethyl-benzimidazole inhibits the malatelinked reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides and flavoproteins. 4 Evidence is provided that in Ascaris-muscle two malate dehydrogenases are operative: the malic enzyme and the l-malate: NAD oxidoreductase.
Deep-level spectroscopy of Cr-doped GaAs using nondestructive acousto-electric voltage measurements

The amplitude of the acoustoelectric voltage is measured as a function of temperature to determine the activation energy of deep levels in high-resistivity (n = 1011 cm−3, Cr-doped, 〈100〉) GaAs. In comparison to other methods based on monitoring the capacitance transient, this method has several advantages. The technique is nondestructive and because of the dependence of the polarity of the acoustoelectric voltage on the carrier type, it yields information about the charge of the transient carriers and the type of the deep traps involved in release or trapping of these carriers. It has also in particular large sensitivity in studying high resistivity materials.
Carbon xerogels as Pt catalyst supports for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel-cell applications

Abstract Carbon xerogels prepared by the resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) sol–gel method with ambient-pressure drying were explored as Pt catalyst supports for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Carbon xerogel samples without Pt catalyst (CX) were characterized by the N2 sorption method (BET, BJH, others), and carbon xerogel samples with supported Pt catalyst (Pt/CX) were characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and ex situ cyclic voltammetry for thin-film electrode samples supported on glassy carbon and studied in a sulfuric acid electrolyte. Experiments on Pt/CX were made in comparison with commercially obtained samples of Pt catalyst supported on a Vulcan XC-72R carbon black support (Pt/XC-72R). CX samples had high BET surface area with a relatively narrow pore size distribution with a peak pore size near 14 nm. Pt contents for both Pt/CX and Pt/XC-72R were near 20 wt % as determined by TGA. Pt catalyst particles on Pt/CX had a mean diameter near 3.3 nm, slightly larger than for Pt/XC-72R which was near 2.8 nm. Electrochemically active surface areas (ESA) for Pt as determined by ex situ CV measurements of H adsorption/desorption were similar for Pt/XC-72R and Pt/CX but those from CO stripping were slightly higher for Pt/XC-72R than for Pt/CX. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated from both Pt/CX and Pt/XC-72R on Nafion 117 membranes using the decal transfer method, and MEA characteristics and single-cell performance were evaluated via in situ cyclic voltammetry, polarization curve, and current-interrupt and high-frequency impedance methods. In situ CV yielded ESA values for Pt/XC-72R MEAs that were similar to those obtained by ex situ CV in sulfuric acid, but those for Pt/CX MEAs were smaller (by 13–17%), suggesting that access of Nafion electrolyte to Pt particles in Pt/CX electrodes is diminished relative to that for Pt/XC-72R electrodes. Polarization curve analysis at low current density (0.9 V cell voltage) reveals slightly higher intrinsic catalyst activity for the Pt/CX catalyst which may reflect the fact that Pt particle size in these catalysts is slightly higher. Cell performance at higher current densities is slightly lower for Pt/CX than the Pt/XC-72R sample, however after normalization for Pt loading, performance is slightly higher for Pt/CX, particularly in H2/O2 and at lower cell temperatures (50 °C). This latter finding may reflect a possible lower mass-transfer resistance in the Pt/CX sample.
Technical Review of Polysomnography

Polysomnography has developed from our understanding of sleep and its associated physiologic processes. This important tool extends the clinical examination into dynamic states that typically do not permit intrusive inspection. The two critical components of polysomnography are the determination of sleep-wake stage and identification of related bodily processes. In this article, the authors review the current standards for clinical polysomnography and discuss technical considerations that influence the accuracy of recorded data.
The current outbreak of kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections

Abstract The data suggest that: The recent outbreak of KS and PCP is a single epidemic, that of immunosuppression among homosexual men and drug abusers. The public health significance of this epidemic is probably underestimated, and clinicians should be alert to more subtle indications of immunosuppression, such as nonfatal opportunistic infections, unexplained lymphadenopathy, or other tumors. Opportunities to clarify the relationships between the environment, immunology, cancer, and infections make this outbreak scientifically important. The sudden and highly focal occurrence of these illnesses among homosexual men and drug addicts suggests a potential for their prevention if risk factors or etiologic agent(s) can be identified. The staggering morbidity and mortality associated with this outbreak dictate immediate concerted efforts to identify risk factors.
Harvest policies and nonmarket valuation in a predator — prey system

Abstract Although prey may not have commercial value, their economic value can be ascertained in a predator-prey model if the predator has a harvest value. The economic optimal (recovery) path of the predator and prey are carefully described when growth is quadratic in the predator (prey) and linear in prey (predator). Parameter values, in part, resembling Pacific halibut are used to provide numerical illustrations.
Infused Photonic Crystal Fibers for Protein Analysis

Light propagation through photonic crystal fibers infused with protein solutions was investigated. We concentrated on one protein and describe the light propagation properties at different protein concentrations and denatured states.
Ted Peters. UFOs: God’s Chariots? Spirituality, Ancient Aliens and Religious Yearnings in the Age of Extraterrestrials

In this substantially revised and updated edition of UFOs: God's Chariots (originally published in 1977), Ted Peters presents a compelling overview of UFOlogy including its scientific and theologic...
Noise Estimation in Magnitude MR Datasets

Estimating the noise parameter in magnitude magnetic resonance (MR) images is important in a wide range of applications. We propose an automatic noise estimation method that does not rely on a substantial proportion of voxels being from the background. Specifically, we model the magnitude of the observed signal as a mixture of Rice distributions with common noise parameter. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate all parameters, including the common noise parameter. The algorithm needs initializing values for which we provide some strategies that work well. The number of components in the mixture model also needs to be estimated en route to noise estimation and we provide a novel approach to doing so. Our methodology performs very well on a range of simulation experiments and physical phantom data. Finally, the methodology is demonstrated on four clinical datasets.
Daytime activity of wolves during winter in northeastern Minnesota

Intermittent aerial observations of 405 radiocollared wolves from November 1968 through March 1989 showed the following percentages of activity: sleeping, 34%; resting, 31%; traveling, 28%, feeding, 6%; other, 2%.
Strength and Duration Characteristics of the Facilitory and Inhibitory Effects of Progesterone on the Estrogen-Induced Gonadotropin Surge in the Female Rhesus Monkey

The dose-dependent effects of progesterone (P) on estradiol (E2)-induced gonadotropin release were investigated in the early follicular phase of female rhesus monkeys by sc implanting Silastic capsules containing either crystalline E2 or P. In group 1, E2 alone (250 pg/ml) and E2 in combination with P (1.5, 3, and 5 ng/ml) were administered in four consecutive experiments. The lowest P dosage (1.5 ng/ml) advanced the time of the maximal gonadotropin release, but the magnitude seemed to be decreased compared to that in the experiment with E2 alone. The higher P dosages (3 and 5 ng/ml) blocked the previously observed E2-induced gonadotropin surges. In group 2, E2 alone (250 pg/ml) and E2 in combination with P (1.5, 5, and 20 ng/ml), added 46 h after E2, were administered in four consecutive experiments. In all experiments, P advanced and increased the gonadotropin peaks. The FSH surges could be increased even further in the experiments with the two highest P dosages (5 and 20 ng/ml). After this period of facilitated gonadotropin secretion, we observed lower gonadotropin levels than those in the control experiment with E2 alone. This effect became more apparent by increasing by P dosage. These results point to a biphasic effect of P across time and dosage on the release of gonadotropins.
Moisture transport in unidirectional carbon/vinylester panels with imperfect fiber/matrix interface

The objective of this work is to characterize the moisture transport in a unidirectional carbon/vinylester composite. The moisture uptake is analyzed by superposition of Fickian diffusion through t...
Deflection of Spacecraft Trajectories as a New Test of General Relativity

We derive a simple formula which gives the general relativistic deflection of a spacecraft, idealized as a point mass, for all values of the asymptotic speed V{sub {infinity}} (0{<=}V{sub {infinity}}{<=}1) . Using this formula we suggest a new test of general relativity (GR) which can be carried out during a proposed interstellar mission that involves a close pass of the Sun. We show that, with foreseeable improvements in spacecraft tracking sensitivity, the deflection of a spacecraft's trajectory in the gravitational field of the Sun could provide a new test of GR.
Children's Preference for Authentic versus Arranged Versions of World Music Recordings

In two separate studies, we examined fifth graders' preference for authentic and arranged versions of world music recordings, the relationship of those preference ratings to familiarity, and teachers' ability to predict student preferences. In the first study, intact classes of fifth-grade students were randomly assigned to an authentic or arranged listening condition and indicated their familiarity and preference for the same 19 world music songs on a 6-point Likert scale. Teachers of the students in the study attempted to predict their students' preference and familiarity ratings for those same 19 recordings. In the second study, students heard both versions of each song side by side and were asked to first choose the version they preferred, then indicate strength of preference and familiarity. Results of both studies indicated that familiarity with a world music song is positively related to student preference for that song. Subjects in the first study did not differ significantly in the magnitude of t...
A computer simulation of wavelet noise reduction in computed tomography

We describe the use of a graphical mathematical spreadsheet programming environment which can be used to simulate the acquisition and reconstruction processes of an x-ray computed tomography(CT) machine. The simulation is used to study the effect of photon counting statistics on the noise in the reconstructed image. Finally we describe and evaluate a novel technique for noise reduction using a nonlinear wavelet filter in which the filter thresholds are calculated individually from the “measured” projection data. This filter is shown to compare favorably to threshold filters based on global estimates of noise variance.
In vivo radiobiology of heavy ions

Abstract The radiobiology of heavy charged particles has been investigated with various animal systems in vivo at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory using the helium beam from the 184″ synchrocyclotron and the carbon, neon, and argon beams from the BEVALAC. Tumor experiments were carried out using the R, sarcoma in rats and the EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma, comparing X rays, carbon ions, neon ions, and argon ions. In vivo normal tissue experiments have been carried out with a wide range of tissues including testis, bone marrow, intestinal crypt cells, lens of the eye, esophagus, lung, and the spinal cord. The induction of dominant lethal mutations after irradiation of the testis was assailed by in vitro embryo culture after in vivo irradiation. Experiments were also done with the Harderian gland turnor induction system.
Computer-aided auditing of prescription drug claims

We describe a methodology for identifying and ranking candidate audit targets from a database of prescription drug claims. The relevant audit targets may include various entities such as prescribers, patients and pharmacies, who exhibit certain statistical behavior indicative of potential fraud and abuse over the prescription claims during a specified period of interest. Our overall approach is consistent with related work in statistical methods for detection of fraud and abuse, but has a relative emphasis on three specific aspects: first, based on the assessment of domain experts, certain focus areas are selected and data elements pertinent to the audit analysis in each focus area are identified; second, specialized statistical models are developed to characterize the normalized baseline behavior in each focus area; and third, statistical hypothesis testing is used to identify entities that diverge significantly from their expected behavior according to the relevant baseline model. The application of this overall methodology to a prescription claims database from a large health plan is considered in detail.
Some Ecological Factors Influencing a Community of Adult Odonata

A community of adult Odonata, composed of 18 species, was studied during June and July of 1968 at a small pond in piedmont North Carolina. Studies were made on the influences of time of day, ambient temperature, and light intensity on flight activity, and on the frequencies of intra— and inter—specific interactions. Most species initiated their flying periods by mid—day and terminated them by 1930 hr with considerable variations among the species. Maximum reproductive behavior occurred near the mid—point of the patrolling period. Minimal temperature thresholds for activity ranged from 20—28°C, whereas maximal thermal thresholds were from 30—40°C. Adult activity decreased proportionally to a decrease in light intensity during cloudy periods or thunderstorms. Activity of individuals to some species was controlled chiefly by one environmental factor, but in others activity presumably was related to a combination of several factors. Intraspecific interactions, usually between males, were much more common than interspecific interactions. Threat behavior was far more prevalent than actual physical contact.
Nd:YAG laser treatment of herpes and aphthous ulcers: a preliminary study

Previously herpes labialis and recurrent aphthous ulcers have not been successfully treated. A preliminary study with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser evaluated the results with a protocol of four minute non-contact exposures for both types of lesions. Most patients experienced relief of symptoms. The progress of herpes lesion was halted and aphthous lesions became desensitized.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Locus of Control on Perceptions of Participative Decision-Making

This study examined the effect of locus of control on perceptions of participative decision-making. A field study, involving a variety of systems used by 9 manufacturers, 5 insurance companies, 2 banks, 1 retailer, and 1 government agency, indicates that internality of control beliefs increased the agreement of 87 subjects' ratings of their participative decision-making with those of an independent rater. This suggests that people with an internal locus of control more accurately perceive their participation than those with an external locus of control.
The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory*

Among the many traditions of research on "identity," two somewhat different yet strongly related strands of identity theory have developed. The first, reflected in the work of Stryker and colleagues, focuses on the linkages of social structures with identities. The second, reflected in the work of Burke and colleagues, focuses on the internal process of self-verification. In the present paper we review each of these strands and then discuss ways in which the two relate to and complement one another Each provides a context for the other: the relation of social structures to identities influences the process of self-verification, while the process of self-verification creates and sustains social structures. The paper concludes with examples of potentially useful applications of identity theory to other arenas of social psychology, and with a discussion of challenges that identity theory must meet to provide a clear understanding of the relation between self and society. The language of "identity" is ubiquitous in contemporary social science, cutting across psychoanalysis, psychology, political science, sociology, and history. The common usage of the term identity, however, belies the considerable variability in both its conceptual meanings and its theoretical role. Even when consideration is restricted to sociology and social psychology, variation is still considerable.'
Geographic asymmetries of cosmic rays as related to the Earth's magnetization

It has been shown [see 1 of references at end of paper] that the known magnetic field of the Earth may be closely approximated by that of a magnetic dipole of strength 8.1×1025 Gausscm at the magnetic center of the Earth. This center is situated at a point 340 km from the geographical center. Its latitude is 6.°5 north and longitude 16l°5 east. The extension of the axis of the eccentric dipole pierces the Earth's surface in two points, one at latitude 80° north in longitude 83° west and the other at latitude 76° south in longitude 121° east. These points are labeled NPED and SPED, respectively, in Figure 1.
Decline of forest interior conditions in the conterminous United States

Forest fragmentation threatens the sustainability of forest interior environments, thereby endangering subordinate ecological attributes and functions. We analyzed the spatial patterns of forest loss and gain for the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2006 to determine whether forest interior environments were maintained at five spatial scales. A 1.1% net loss of total forest area translated to net losses of 3.2% to 10.5% of forest interior area over spatial scales of 4.41 ha to 5,310 ha. At the 65.6-ha scale, the reduction of forest interior area was 50,000 km2 – almost double the net loss of total forest area. The pervasive discrepancy between total forest loss and forest interior loss indicates a widespread shift of the extant forest to more fragmented conditions, even in regions exhibiting small net changes in extant forest area. In the conterminous United States, trends in total forest area underestimate threats to forest from forest fragmentation.
Some broad aspects of limestone solution in the Tennessee Valley

Limestones and other carbonate rocks which underlie approximately 50 per cent of the Tennessee Valley are extensively dissolved. Solution has been in progress a long, but undeterminable, time geologically. Caves, sinks, and other manifestations of bedrock solution abound throughout the region. Deep core borings made in the subsurface exploration of dam sites and large open cuts made at dam construction projects reveal that channels and other solutional openings, some of which are of cavernous dimensions, are present to depths of hundreds of feet below the present water table. In the development of such cavities, geologic structure is of greater importance than the chemical purity of the limestone.
In pursuit of rational action

study of union politics and multivariate analyses of school achievement, theoretical accounts of corporate action and typologies of community conflict, analyses of primary groups and historical investigations of macroorganizational change. When someone with these accomplishments behind him, at the climax of his career, produces a wide-ranging, synthetic theoretical statement, people are bound to take heed. Foundations of Social Theory is a weighty book in every sense. At nearly a thousand pages, it impresses first of all with its extraordinary range of scholarly reference, drawing on economics, legal history, game theory, educational research, ethnography, small-group studies, political theory, and to be sure, a variety of more strictly sociological literatures. The book is above all extremely richfilled with a diversity of intellectual offerings, overflowing with enough intriguing leads to supply scores of researchers with challenging agenda. The theoretical core of the book is Coleman's version of rational choice theory-I specify his version, because of the author's readiness to reconsider and extend that genre of theory. From a spare set of assumptions drawn from that tradition, Coleman spins ingenious implications for the most diverse sorts of social behavior-ranging from premarital sexual behavior to the action systems of modern corporations to the nature of legitimacy and collective behavior. About everything that he considers, he has something original and provocative to say.
EAS+: A unified event processing framework for component-based network management system

OSGi, regarded as the de facto standard framework for constructing component-based systems, has recently been extended to cover server applications, especially network management systems. Since it lacks event processing functions such as a function to prevent mass event cascades in component-based network management systems, this paper proposes and prototypes a unified event processing framework, named EAS+, based on OSGi EAS, which is system agnostic and can be customized freely by simple and well-structured rule definition files. In order to validate our proposal, we evaluate its performance by conducting several experiments and confirm its feasibility by applying it to the development of a management system for the 3GPP LTE mobile service. We believe that EAS+ is a useful development assistance tool and has the potential to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of developing component-based network management systems.
An Adaptive System-Level Diagnosis Approach for Mesh Connected Multiprocessors

Traditional adaptive centralized system diagnosis assumes a fully connected network topology, hence it can not be used in a number of classes of multiprocessor systems, such as meshes. This paper proposes an adaptive system-level diagnosis algorithm for meshes with wraparound, such as Intel Paragon machine. It is proved that the diagnosis cost required by the proposed approach is lower than the known diagnosis algorithms which can be applied to mesh architectures. Also over-d fault problem can be efficiently solved by our method, where d is the diagnosability.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of ansa-Rhenocene Complexes

Complexes of rhenocene (Cp2Re) with substitution at the cyclopentadienyl rings have been prepared from Cp2Re−Me by dilithitation of the Cp rings followed by reaction with Me2SiCl2 or Cl(SiMe2)2Cl t...
Sensitivity and Specificity of Transferrin Saturation and Serum Ferritin as Markers of Iron Status After Intravenous Iron Dextran in Hemodialysis Patients

This study was designed to investigate the effect of intravenous (i.v.) iron dextran (i.d.) on hematocrit (Hct), transferrin saturation (TS), and serum ferritin (SF) in hemodialysis patients treated with a constant dose of erythropoietin (EPO). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of SF and TS for monitoring i.d. therapy were also assessed. All hemodialysis patients with baseline SF 5% increase from baseline 4 weeks after administration of i.d. Thirty-three patients (17 females) received a total of 51 doses of i.d. Mean +/- SD i.d. dose was 770 +/- 278 mg. Hct increased by a mean +/- SD of 4.8% +/- 9.9% (33.4% +/- 3.0% to 34.9% +/- 4.1% [p = 0.028]); SF rose by a median of 208.65% (mean +/- SD of 126.8 +/- 132.1 ng/mL to 325.3 +/- 222.0 ng/mL [p < 0.0001]; TS increased by a median of 53.8% (19.4% +/- 9.4% to 29.3% +/- 11.3% [p < 0.0001]) from baseline values. The correlations between dose of ID and percent changes in SF, TS, and Hct were poor (r2 < 0.02). The sensitivities and specificities were 74% and 36% (TS < 20% alone); 60% and 30% (SF < 100 ng/mL alone); and 33% and 67% (TS < 20% and SF < 100 ng/mL), respectively. The predictive values for positive responses were 48% for TS and 45% for SF when used alone, and 47% when both indices were used together. The predictive value increased to 65% when either SF < 100 ng/mL or TS < 20% were used. At a constant EPO dose, there was a statistically significant increase in Hct 4 weeks after i.d. administration in patients who were diagnosed with iron deficiency by using TS < 20% or SF < 100 ng/mL. The dose of i.d. administered was poorly correlated to changes in Hct, TS, and SF. Both TS and SF are non-specific and insensitive indicators for accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency in hemodialysis patients in EPO.
On the Performance of Virtualized Infrastructures for Processing Realtime Streaming Data

Clouds have become ubiquitous and several data processing tasks have migrated to these settings. The dominant approach in cloud settings is to provision virtual machines (VMs) rather than provision direct access to the physical machine. One artifact of such provisioning is that multiple VMs may be collocated on the same physical machine and possibly interfere with each other. In this paper, we focus on the impact of virtualized infrastructures on real time stream processing, we use the classification of electrocardiograms (ECG) as a motivating example. Stream processing in such a setting strains resources differently than the traditional web services or analytics on large datasets traditionally performed in the cloud. In streaming environments all processing per packet needs to be completed in a timely manner, and the number and rate at which these packets are generated is high. Our focus is to study the implications of various combinations of virtualization strategies on the performance of real time stream processing. We have done extensive performance benchmarks (using Xen and KVM) the results of which form the basis for our recommendations for the trade-offs involved in these settings.
Patronage and Pornography: Ideology and Spectatorship in the Early Marcos Years

In the aftermath of the February 1986 “revolution” that forced Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos out of the Philippines, the government of Corazon Aquino turned the presidential palace, Malacanang, into a museum and in doing so meant to put the Marcoses legacy of excess on display. A guidebook on the presidential palace describes one instance of that excessiveness, in which the doors leading to the Grand Staircase are said to have “depict[ed] the Philippine legend of ‘Malakas’ (Strong) and ‘Maganda’ (Beautiful), the first Filipino man and woman who emerged from a large bamboo stalk. Mrs. Marcos liked to think of President Marcos and herself in terms of these legendary First Filipinos.” They identified so thoroughly with this myth that they had portraits of themselves done as Malakas and Maganda in the palace—seminude and emerging from a forest of bamboo stalks (see Plate 1). In 1985 they even commissioned a group of Filipino academics to rewrite the legend that culminated in the celebration of the Marcos regime.
Effect of Soil Fertility upon the Yield and Nutritive Value of Forages. A Review

Summary The effects of fertilization of forage crops vary with soil types, relative levels of fertility within soil type, ratios of available nutrients, crops, and climatic conditions. Increased forage yields result from application of the plant-growth nutrient which is most limiting in the soil. The chemical composition of forages may be altered by fertilization. Application of a nutrient in quantities greater than those required for maximum yield response usually results in luxury consumption of the nutrient. The nutrients whose level in plants may be increased by large applications include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and cobalt. The nitrogen and phosphorus levels in leguminous forage usually were not influenced by heavy applications of these nutrients. Biological assays of forages produced with different fertilizer treatments have yielded varying results. Several studies with sheep and rabbits have indicated that applications of phosphorus fertilizer increase the biological value of forages when these forages are fed alone or in highly simplified rations. Application of limestone to the soil has been shown to exert a favorable effect on the biological value of forage. Forages grown on light soils have lower biological value for guinea pigs than do forages grown on heavy soils. Other, more numerous reports indicate no difference in biological value of forage due to level of soil fertility.
Chain extension and block copolymer synthesis using silane radical atom abstraction coupled with nitroxide mediated polymerization

Abstract Silane radicals were used to abstract bromine termini from monobrominated polystyrene (PStBr) in the presence of excess monomer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), generating polymer radicals that underwent chain extension. Typically, 70–85% of the PStBr precursors were activated by silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and were elongated by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP), shifting to higher number-average molecular weight ( M n ) values as observed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Chain extension did not occur until the temperature was elevated to 130 °C, with no increase in M n values observed when the reaction was held at 80 °C, which is the temperature of the SRAA phase. The NMP phase of the reaction showed a linear correlation between M n values and monomer consumption, along with first order kinetics with respect to styrene. SRAA/NMP was then applied to the synthesis of polystyrene- b -poly( n -butyl acrylate) and polystyrene- b -poly( p -methylstyrene), with analysis by GPC indicating the formation of block copolymers with a similar amount of unreacted PStBr remaining. Quantitative activation and elongation of the polymer precursors were prevented due to the ability of both the t -butoxy radicals and tris(trimethylsilyl)silane radicals to add across monomeric double bonds, competing with atom abstraction. Reactions were thus performed in which the monomer was added only after the transition to the higher temperature, which resulted in improved activation of the PStBr.
Cutaneous Candidosis as a Complication of Facial Dermabrasion

Cutaneous candidosis is a common skin condition. Facial candidosis is rare. Described herein are three cases of facial candidosis complicating dermabrasion, a previously undescribed condition. Why this may occur, why it is uncommon, and its differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. The side effects and complications of dermabrasion in general are presented.
Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration.

The interaction of laser-generated tandem microbubble (maximum diameter of about $50\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) with single (rat mammary carcinoma) cells is investigated in a $25\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ liquid layer. Antiphase and coupled oscillation of the tandem microbubble leads to the formation of alternating, directional microjets (with max microstreaming velocity of $10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$) and vortices (max vorticity of $350\text{ }000\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) in opposite directions. Localized and directional membrane poration (200 nm to $2\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ in pore size) can be produced by the tandem microbubble in an orientation and proximity-dependent manner, which is absent from a single oscillating microbubble of comparable size and at the same stand-off distance.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of a Laser Spark in Air

Experiments were conducted to quantify the temperature and electron number density of a laser spark formed in air. The laser spark was created by focusing a 180-mJ beam from the second harmonic (wavelength of 532 nm) of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a 100-mm focal length lens. For early times, between 50 ns and 1 μs, images of the spark emission have been obtained to characterize the geometry. Also the temperature and electron number density were measured from the emission spectra between 490 and 520 nm where 46 N II lines are observed. The methodology of fitting the experimental data to the modeled spectra to deduce the temperature and electron number density is described. For the initial temporal range, the temperature peaks at approximately 50,000 K and decays over the first 1 μs. The electron number density peaks at approximately 10 19 cm -3 , decaying only slightly slower than t -1 . For the longer temporal evolution, from 20 to 1000 μs, planar temperature measurements were achieved using filtered Rayleigh scattering. The peak temperature starts at approximately 4100 K at 20 μs and decays to 580 K by 1 ms. The planar temperature images show a center jet propagating in the opposite direction as the initiating laser beam, which induces a vortex ring (or torus) propagating in the direction of the beam. The evolution of the position and radius of the torus structure is described and fit with a power law utilized by previous investigators. The temperature of the plasma created by laser-induced optical breakdown appears to fit quite well using a triple exponential over the four orders of magnitude of temporal range where measurements were conducted.
The positive discriminant case of Nagell's theorem for certain cubic orders

Abstract It is proved that a real cubic unit u, whose other two conjugates are also real, is almost always a fundamental unit of the order Z [ u ] . The exceptions are shown to consist of a single infinite family together with one sporadic case. This is an analogue of Nagell's theorem for the negative discriminant case i.e. the case where u does not have any real conjugate.
2′-Azido-2′-deoxy- and 2′-amino-2′-deoxy-β-d-arabino-furanosyl purine nucleosides

Abstract A general method for the preparation of 2′-azido-2′-deoxy- and 2′-amino-2′-deoxyarabinofuranosyl-adenine and -guanine nucleosides is described. Selective benzoylation of 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2- O -isopropylidene-α- d -glucofuranose afforded 3-azido-6- O -benzoyl-3-deoxy-1,2- O -isopropylidene-α- d -glucofuranose ( 1 ). Acid hydrolysis of 1 , followed by oxidation with sodium metaperiodate and hydrolysis by sodium hydrogencarbonate gave 2-azido-2-deoxy-5- O -benzoyl- d -arabinofuranose ( 3 ), which was acetylated to give 1,3-di- O -acetyl-2-azido-5- O -benzoyl-2-deoxy- d -arabinofuranose ( 4 ). Compound 4 was converted into the 1-chlorides 5 and 6 , which were condensed with silylated derivatives of 6-chloropurine and 2-acetamido-hypoxanthine. The condensation reaction gave α and β anomers of both 7- and 9-substituted purine nucleosides. The structures of the nucleosides were determined by n.m.r. and u.v. spectroscopy, and by correlation of the c.d. spectra of the newly prepared nucleosides with those published for known purine nucleosides.
Renal-cell carcinoma in children.

Abstract Renal-cell carcinoma is uncommon in children. Two cases are described, both in twelve-year-old girls. Calcification in the renal area in one girl and gross hematuria in the other were the outstanding features initially. The diagnosis in both cases was made correctly preoperatively by selective renal arteriography. Renal-cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass in a child.
Thermokinetic Proton Transfer and Ab Initio Studies of the [2H,S,O]+ System. The Proton Affinity of HSO

The [2H,S,O]+ ionic system has been studied jointly with a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) and by coupled cluster ab initio methods. Experimentally, the [2H,S,O]+ ions were generated by the reaction of SO+(X 2Πr) with C2H6, and reacted at room temperature with CH3SH, n-C3H6, HCO2H, o-C6H4F2, CF3C(O)CH3, CH2O, H2S, c-C6H12, CS2, C2H4, and SO2 comprising a series of reference bases with gas basicities ranging from 177 to 154 kcal mol-1. Thermokinetic analysis of the proton-transfer efficiencies in these reactions yields a free energy of proton detachment of 163.6 ± 2.2 kcal mol-1 for HSOH+. The results of the ab initio study are used to determine the relationship of this proton detachment energy to the various isomeric forms of [2H,S,O]+ and the two isomers HSO and SOH. The resulting best values for the gas-phase basicity and the proton affinity of HSO at 298 K are 163.6 (+4.6, −2.2) kcal mol-1 and 171.0 (+4.6, −2.4) kcal mol-1, respectively. Observation of the charge-transfer behavior of HSOH+ with the selec...
FOLLOW-UP OF UNDERGRADUATE MAJORS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Questionnaires were mailed to all 104 persons who had been granted the B.S. degree in psychology at Iowa State University during the period 1949 to 1958. After one follow-up letter, 82 (79%) returns had been received, these coming from about twice as many males as fema1es.l Respondents were in 28 different states, the District of Columbia, and Ontario. Iowa accounted for almost one-fourth, with Iowa and bordering states accounting for about one-half. The questionnaire called for information concerning advanced training and education, vocational experiences, extent of use of psychological training, membership in professional organizations, professional and/or trade publications read regularly, and relative value of the psychology courses taken. Additional comments were invited on the psychology program and the total undergraduate curriculum at Iowa State. Forty-five per cent (mostly males) had taken, or were taking, graduate work in psychology. This agrees with Gustav's (1952) findings but differs from Dole's ( 1955) sample in which only one-tenth had done graduate work in psychology. From Iowa State, an additional 17% had gone on to advanced work in fields other than psychology. The same percentage (25%) of males and females were working toward, or had completed, the master's degree in psychology, but in graduate training beyond the master's level the males far exceeded the number of females. Although the undergraduate major in psychology at Iowa State is designated as industrial psychology, training is broad. Nevertheless, the largest number of respondents (about one-fourth) were employed in business and industry, which may reflect the kinds of agencies seeking employees from a school of science and technology. Other employment, in descending order, was in academic teaching or research, 'government work, hospital or clinic, and military. About one-third were not employed for compensation, they being either students or housewives. Two-thirds of the respondents judged their present work to be psychological, divided almost equally among personnel, teaching, clinical, research, testing, and enrolled as students. Asked to judge the application they had been able to make of their undergraduate psychology, over one-half judged "often," 30% said "sometimes," and less than 15% judged "no use." This agrees generally with Dole's (1955) sample in which four out of five former students felt 'Tables with greater detail than incorporated in the text of this paper may be obtained from the author upon request.
A two-channel bioamplifier design as a cross-course experience

A cross-course design experience is an efficient way to stitch together two concurrent, single-semester courses to obtain a meaningful number of design credits without unduly increasing a student's overall load. This paper addresses a project that joined the design credits from two Kansas State University (KSU) courses: ECE 773 — Bioinstrumentation Design Laboratory and ECE 502 — Electronics Laboratory. The goal of each project team was to design, build, and demonstrate a two-channel bioamplifier that is functionally similar to a commercial bioamplifier used in the KSU AP 773 — Bioinstrumentation Laboratory course taken by some of these students. Assessment of the experience was provided via a post-project survey that addressed eight learning objectives, learning in 23 technical areas, project administration, and the overall experience. Survey results were positive across the board. Though the time commitment was significant, the students appreciated the opportunity to work on a complex system that required their collective expertise.
Ultrastructural localization of the binding fragment of tetanus toxin in putative gamma-aminobutyric acidergic terminals in the intermediolateral cell column: a potential basis for sympathetic dysfunction in generalized tetanus.

Tetanus toxin (TeTx) causes sympathetic hyperactivity, a major cause of mortality in generalized tetanus, apparently by obstructing the inhibition of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs). Neuroanatomic tracing and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate whether axon terminals in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) that synapse on SPNs and use the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be infected transsynaptically with TeTx. The binding fragment of TeTx (TTC; an atoxic surrogate of TeTx) and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB; a retrograde tracer) were injected into the rat superior cervical ganglion and, over 16–48 hours, were transported to the ipsilateral IML in the caudal half of the last cervical and first three thoracic spinal cord segments. With light microscopy, diffuse CTB immunolabeling extended throughout SPN perikarya and dendrites. Punctate TTC and GABA immunolabeling were accumulated densely in the neuropil between and surrounding SPN processes. With electron microscopy, 54% of the axon terminals in the IML (n = 1,337 terminals) were TTC immunolabeled (TTC+), and 25% contained putative neurotransmitter levels of GABA immunolabeling (GABA+). On average, GABA+ terminals had a 76% chance of also being TTC+ and a 62% greater chance of being TTC+ than GABA− terminals (P 1 μM) or small in cross-sectional area or were labeled retrogradely. Sympathetic hyperactivity in tetanus may involve 1) retrograde and transsynaptic transport of TeTx by SPNs and 2) at least in part, an infection of GABAergic terminals in the IML. J. Comp. Neurol. 419:471–484, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, due to deficiency in insulin or insulin resistance, and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in contemporary societies [1,2]. According to the world health organization (WHO), more than 285 million people worldwide suffered from diabetes of which 4 million died in 2010. The prevalence is expected to enhance to 380 million by 2030. Genetic and environmental factors associated with life style such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and tobacco, and obesity contribute to the increasing incidence of diabetes. The situation becomes extremely critical since type 1 and type 2 diabetes compromise the cardiovascular homeostasis. Based on the report of WHO and clinical studies, the direct cause of death for 80 % of diabetic patients is cardiovascular diseases. Studies in human and experimental diabetic animal models have reported vascular dysfunction and structural arterial wall remodeling [3-5]. It is well known that endothelial dysfunction is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases [6,7]. Several hypothesis and mechanisms documented the relationship between diabetes and microvascular endothelial dysfunction [8,9], which include reduced endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) release and bioavailability, and enhanced endothelium-derived constricting factors release associated with augmented oxidative stress levels. Despite treatments have progressed, the development of novel effective treatments for patients with vascular complications in diabetes remains a major research goal.