cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based simulation of a glass annealing process: an ai application in the glass industry

This paper describes a knowledge-based simulation system for a glass annealing process. The long ovens, known as lehrs, in which annealing takes place are not well understood by their operators. In fact, only a few experts can predict the effects of a change in the lehr controls. Attempts to simulate the behavior of the lehr using conventional methods have not been successful due to the size and complexity of the lehr. Our knowledge-based approach is capable of both simulating the glass temperature curve in an annealing lehr and planning the necessary lehr control settings to achieve a desired curve. It consists of two cooperating expert systems, one rule-based and the other frame-based. The system also includes a high-bandwidth graphics display which allows operators to interactively test control-setting changes and ask for the control settings which meet desired specifications. A description of the domain, a history of the development, and details of the design are all presented, along with lessons learned from the experience.
Continuous operation at 200/spl deg/C device junction temperature: the final frontier for RF power semiconductor plastic packaging

The scope of this paper discusses the challenges associated with developing and introducing plastic packages for use in high power HF (RF) transistors and ICs used for wireless infrastructure power amplifiers. The main emphasis of this paper is on the "final frontier" in producing a near equivalent (to non hermetic metal ceramic package) plastic package with a maximum operating junction temperature capability of 200/spl deg/C. It should be noted that this is not a peak rating, but a continuous operating capability. In addition, some time is spent covering some of the other challenges that were overcome in the systematic development of this packaging technology, such as materials and mechanical design as well as electrical performance. The paper also provides some insight into the challenges involved with the concurrent development of reliability testing methodologies needed to validate the robustness of the packaging technology, since the targeted performance goals exceeded the requirements of traditional reliability test methods. By providing high power RF devices in plastic packages, Motorola has been able to offer its customers a cost effective alternative in cellular base-station power amplifier manufacturing.
Capillarization of hepatic sinusoids in man.

Summary Progressive changes in the hepatic perisinusoidal tissue space of Disse in chronic liver diseases ultimately lead to development of a basement membrane and capillarization of sinusoids. The transformation of an open circulation to a closed one decreases the effectiveness of hepatic circulation and aggravates hepatocellular insufficiency.
Synaptic plasticity in infralimbic cortex mediates socially-acquired nicotine self-administration

Background Social environment plays a critical role in the initiation of cigarette smoking among adolescents. It has been established that nicotine, the principal psychoactive ingredient of tobacco products, has both aversive and rewarding properties. Using olfactogustatory stimuli as the sensory cue for intravenous nicotine self-administration, we have shown that social learning of nicotine contingent odor cue prevented rats from developing conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and allowed them to instead establish stable nicotine self-administration. We also have shown that infralimbic cortex is a critical brain region for the effect of social learning in reversing nicotine conditioned aversion. We hypothesized that gene expression changes related to synaptic plasticity in infralimbic cortex underlies this effect of social learning.
Poor CD4 count is a predictor of untreated depression in human immunodeficiency virus-positive African-Americans

Poor CD4 count is a predictor of untreated depression in human immunodeficiency virus-positive African-Americans
Effects of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on Blood Pressure in the Male Rat:

Hyperinsulinemia may link diabetes to hypertension. We evaluated the effects of insulin on blood glucose and blood pressure in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetes. Insulin was given daily for 10-14 weeks to both diabetic (0, 1, 2, and 3 U) and control (0, 2, and 3 U) male rats (n = 7-8/group). Indirect and direct blood pressures were measured as were blood glucose and several metabolic parameters. All treated rats became hyperinsulinemic. Untreated and 1 U insulin-treated diabetic rats were hyperglycemic. Higher doses of insulin significantly reduced blood glucoses in diabetic animals. Indirect blood pressure measurements were unchanged between groups. However, when measured directly, the untreated diabetic rats had significantly lower pressures that did untreated controls. Insulin treatment at dosages above 1 U normalized blood pressure in diabetic animals. These same doses of insulin also restored to normal all the metabolic parameters associated with diabetes. Insulin treatment did not affect any of the parameters evaluated in nondiabetic rats. Collectively, the results show that STZ-induced diabetes results in a decrease in blood pressure and that insulin treatment can restore blood pressure in diabetic rats. Although the results suggest that insulin may be involved in restoring blood pressure in animals with a carbohydrate imbalance, the precise mechanism for elevating blood pressure is not known with certainty.
Management of an Unexpected Delivery in the Emergency Department

Abstract Successful transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment is dependent on several significant physiologic changes that must occur within minutes of birth. Most infants effectively transition at delivery without requiring any special assistance. However, about 10% of infants will require some level of intervention, and 1% will require extensive resuscitative measures at birth. The focus of this article is on the preparation for and management of an unexpected delivery in the emergency department. We will highlight the unique aspects of newborn resuscitation, as well as recent changes to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program from the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines.
The emergence of lethal surveillance: Watching and killing in the history of drone technology:

This article examines the history of the development of drone technology to understand the longer histories of surveillance and targeting that shape contemporary drone warfare. Drawing on archival ...
Peridynamic simulations of brittle structures with thermal residual deformation: strengthening and structural reactivity of glasses under impacts

In glass research, the effect and influence of pre-deformation by thermal or chemical treatment is of great importance when configuring different mechanical properties or scratch resistance on the surface of glasses. In particular, such pre-deformation affects dynamic fracture or damage evolution when glass structures are under impact or collision conditions. Peridynamics provides a seamless approach for the simulation of dynamic damage evolution of the system under aggressive environments. Revising the pair interaction of each material point, the effect of pre-deformation is implemented, and the corresponding damage evolution can be simulated conveniently. Our approach is composed of two steps: first, a static solution is found via energy minimization with thermal boundary conditions in the peridynamic platform. Second, comparing the initial and the pre-deformed structures from the energy minimization, the effect of residual deformation, strengthening and reactive behaviour of brittle structures are seamlessly simulated. The developed methods are applied to the Prince Rupert’s drop and Bologna vial, which are classic examples of strengthened glasses. This study reports the first complete and successful simulation of dynamic behaviour of strengthened glasses, and a significant contribution in simulating residual stress behaviour in any material.
Parameter Optimization Design of Large-area Landscape Simulation Based on CTS

To solve the problem of mutual restraint between display fidelity and display fluency on large-area landscape simulation, the large-area landscape simulation parameters were optimized design based on CTS. Combined with an example of certain type aircraft flight simulation system, analyzed the generation principle of terrain texture and terrain model, giving its parameter settings, focused on the influence of important parameters for texture and terrain generation. The simulation results show that the design can effectively solve the mutual restrain between fidelity and fluency.
Factor structures and validity of the child-related values survey

The Child-Related Values Survey (CRVS) is being developed for assessment of various values that affect the nature of our regard for the psychological and physical welfare of children in general. Factor analysis of the CRVS resulted in six subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis on these subscales showed that the Affective Valence, Empathic Caring, Self-Sacrifice, and Societies' Duties subscales each reflect a humanitarian concern for children and that the Instrumentality and Authoritarian Attitude subscales tap values involving a moralistic expectation of children. Data on the validity of the CRVS include the humanitarian cluster of subscales predicting subjects' perceived satisfaction in pursuing child-related careers, relating the CRVS to various social issues, and the demonstration of several group differences with respect to CRVS subscales.
Three-dimensional Shaping for Knitted Garments

Knitted garments are an important component of fashion and apparel industries. Advanced technologies, such as fully-fashioned and seamless knitting, provide new opportunities for knitted garment design to improve fit and enhance aesthetics. However, these innovative techniques are not well developed. This paper focuses on three-dimensional shaping techniques accomplished on weft v-bed knitting machines. The purposes of the paper are to review methods of creating 3-D shapes in knitted garments and to examine principles and limitations of each method.
Acceptability of mHealth Technology for Self-Monitoring Eating and Activity among Rural Men.

Objective To examine rural men's use and perceptions of mobile and wireless devices to self-monitor eating and physical activity (mHealth). Design and Sample Men in this 3-week pilot study used FitBit One® to log daily food intake and monitor activity. A companion application (app) allowed activity monitoring of fellow participants. Health-related text messages were received 1–3 times daily. A purposive sample of 12 rural men (ages 40–67) was recruited by community leaders. Measures (1) baseline heart rate, blood pressure, and BMI, (2) FitBit One® usage, (3) investigator-generated surveys on acceptability of mHealth, and (4) focus group on experience with mHealth. Results Men were overweight (n = 3) or obese (n = 9) and 9 of 12 were hypertensive. Nine of twelve wore FitBit One® all 21 days. Eleven of 12 men logged food, with 9 of 12 doing this at least 15 of 21 days. Self-monitoring and daily text messaging increased awareness of energy intake and output. Companion app's food log needed targeting for rural foods. Rotating seasons (occupational, religious, recreational) and weak cellular signals created contextual barriers to self-monitoring eating and activity. Conclusions FitBit One® and text messaging were perceived as useful among the rural men, while the companion apps require adaptation to reflect dietary norms.
Effect of solders, underfills and substrates on the reliability of flip-chip bonding of low-k semiconductor chips

This study investigated the effect of solders, underfills and substrates on the reliability of a flip-chip package, focusing on the low-k layer in a semiconductor chip. After reflow, cracking and/or delamination were found in the low-k layer under the bump when Sn-2.5Ag solder was used. However, Indium solder did not induce cracking or delamination. Its softness mitigated the stress evolution in the low-k layer. After underfilling, cracking was observed at the chip edge during a −55/125 °C temperature shock test, when Indium was used with a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) underfill. Underfilling changed the maximum stress region to the chip edge from under the bump. However, when a low Tg underfill was used, no failure was observed up to 5800 cycles. Indium with a low Tg underfill had an advantage to enhance reliability of the low-k layer.
Validation of the new SRTM digital elevation model (NASADEM) with ICESAT/GLAS over the United States

A new version of the digital elevation model (DEM) generated from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data is to begin release in 2016. The so-called NASADEM results from re-processing the raw radar echoes and telemetry, guided by global measurements of topography from the ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Significant improvements in accuracy were obtained thanks to the removal of large-scale systematic biases due to a variety of arte-facts ranging from residual boom oscillations to the presence of vegetation.
Analysis of particle size distribution of residual dust in cleaning process using an electrodynamic screen

Dust accumulation on the optical surfaces of solar collectors causes significant losses in their energy yield. Fine dust particles, compared to coarse ones, contribute significantly more in the performance loss, assuming identical dust concentration density. This study examines the performance of different electrodynamic screen (EDS) prototypes, operated in different conditions, in removing fine dust particles in the laboratory environment. After going through several cycles of dust deposition and cleaning using EDS, the dust residue left on each EDS prototype is collected and analyzed using a Horiba particle size distribution analyzer. The particle size distribution (PSD) analyses determine which EDS design has performed superior in removing a given size range and in which operational condition. The results are advantageous in the optimization procedure of EDS to attain maximum dust removal efficiency and minimum optical interference.
State observation and parameter estimation in cyclic pursuit systems

This paper addresses estimation of states and control parameters in cyclic pursuit systems. Classical observability tests are employed to derive conditions under which system states (i.e. agent positions) are observable in several types of cyclic pursuit schemes, including constant bearing and beacon-referenced pursuit systems. Under straightforward conditions on the system control parameters, it is demonstrated that the relative positions and control parameters of the other agents (as well as the beacon, when applicable) can be accurately estimated by an observer agent based only on direct sensing of one neighbor. Since the observer node can be viewed as an infiltrator agent, the results suggest applications in characterizing unknown members of a collective.
The Measurement of Health and the Connection between Health Inequality and Income

We examine the extent to which self-reported health measures suffer from reporting bias and then characterize how this reporting bias affects the estimation of income-related health inequality as measured by the concentration index. We run a comprehensive set of tests of reporting bias using several self-reported health measures and several clinical measures of health from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. Our results confirm the existence of significant, positive, income-related reporting bias and also suggest that higher income individuals react more strongly to a change in objective, clinical health measures. We find that self-reported health measures significantly overstate the degree of income-related health inequality relative to clinical health measures. Parallel to and in support of the analysis described above, we propose the use of a multidimensional measure of clinical health in the context of measuring income-related health inequality.
Database of Dynamic Soil Properties for Most Iraq Soils

Earthquakes in Iraq has become a better knowledge after 1900 for amounts ranged from 2.7 to 7.2 ML within geographical boundary of the seismicity map of Iraq with a majority of crustal depth shocks ,there is a general characteristic and an increase in seismic activity in Iraq from the south to north and from west to east. Due to the location of Iraq on one side of the Arabian tectonic plate which earthquakes existed.The analysis of foundation vibrations and geotechnical earthquake engineering problems in civil engineering requires characterization of dynamic soil properties using geophysical methods. Dynamic structural analysis of the superstructures also requires knowledge of the dynamic response of the soil-structure, which, in turn relies on dynamics soil properties. The main objective in this study is to prepare a geotechnical and geophysics properties to build a database for different zones in Iraq (North, Eastern North, Western North, Middle, West, East, Western south, Eastern south and South) and different soils. From the data collected it has been observed that the average shear wave velocities were ranged from (274-1467) m/s in the North, (145-733) m/s in the Eastern North, (292-701) m/s in the Western North , (111-507) m/s in the Middle, (372-398) m/s in the East, (257,1164)m/s in the West, (198, 659) in the Western South, (111,420) in the Eastern South, (102,627) in the South of Iraqand The average compression wave velocities were ranged from (8077-2902) m/s in the North, (514-2606) m/s in the Eastern North, (714-1335) m/s in the Western North , (322-1544) m/s in the Middle, (976-1076) m/s in the East, (730,2835)m/s in the West, (198, 1659) in the Western South, (377,1167) in the Eastern South, (294,1811) in the South of Iraq.
Developing Soft Skills with a Classroom Behavior Management Game: (Abstract Only)

Soft skills such as collaboration, communication and time management are essential to the success of computer science students both in school and after they enter the IT profession. While employers value these skills highly, there are so many technical skills to cover in computer science programs that these soft skills are not typically primary learning objectives for CS classes. As such, it is difficult to find time and space to address them directly. In this study, we investigate whether Classcraft, a game-based classroom behavior management platform designed for K-12 students, can motivate undergraduate students to develop their soft skills in large computing classes. To this end, we utilized Classcraft with 234 students across two face-to-face sections and one online section of an undergraduate "Introduction to Operating Systems and Networking" course to determine whether gamifying the engagement component of the course would motivate students to participate in co-curricular activities, enhance student collaboration and improve communication and time management. There were no in-game activities - the students in each section of the class earned experience points in Classcraft as a reward for completing class activities ahead of time, collaborative learning and teamwork, and asking or answering questions in class or via discussion forums in our learning management system. In this poster, we report our preliminary results of the impact of such a platform on student engagement in soft skills.
Management of Intermittent Exotropia: For Surgery

Almost all patients with intermittent exotropia require surgical correction at some point. Nonoperative measures furnish normal binocular sensory input to the misaligned eyes to encourage compensat...
Interventions with the Depressed Elderly in Institutions

A person-environment incongruence depression model was applied in two studies of depression in men and women. Applying the significant findings to the nursing home elderly, micro and macro interven...
The role of phosphorylation in the regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 activity.

Publisher Summary The regulation of protein synthesis by changes in the rate of translational initiation is a rapid, short-term mechanism for modifying gene expression in animal cells. Prominent examples include viral inhibition of host protein synthesis, the expression of latent mRNA during embryonic development, the coordination of ribosome and ribosomal protein synthesis, the rapid adjustment of protein synthesis with the energy and nutritional status of the cell, and the coordination of heme and globin biosynthesis during reticulocyte maturation. The regulation of the initiation of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysate is seen as involving a series of events leading to a progressive reduction of the active eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 pool. This is initiated by a small increase in the steady-state level of phosphorylation of the subunit of eIF-2 that, by subsequent modifications, leads to conformational changes in the β subunit and a reduction in the capacity of eIF-2 to be recycled. Further understanding of this regulation requires an appreciation of the mechanisms by which eIF-2 is reutilized and how the reversal factors and other eIF-2 cofactors participate in the eIF-2 activity cycle.
Characteristic Wavelet Equations and Generalizations of the Spectral Function

Two equations characterize orthonormal (and Parseval) wavelets in L2(ℝ). We trace the history and development of this characterization and present a different argument that uses a generalization of the spectral function of Bownik and Rzeszotnik. By further generalizing this function in the setting of an abstract Hilbert space, we present a compressed proof of the abstract characteristic equation.
Endoscopic orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

BACKGROUND Graves' ophthalmopathy generates a volume excess for the orbital cavity, which may produce proptosis, pain, exposure keratitis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Endoscopic orbital decompression expands the orbital cavity into the ethmoid cavity and medial maxillary sinus. This retrospective study documents the outcomes after endoscopic orbital decompression for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS Data collected included demographic information, symptom resolution, complications related to the surgery, reduction in proptosis, subsequent need for eye muscle surgery, and hospital length of stay. Between July 1989 and April 2003, 62 patients were referred for endoscopic orbital decompression (often unilateral). RESULTS Three patients refused use of their medical records for research purposes. Seventy percent were women; the average age of the study group was 49 years. Preoperatively, 63% of the patients had diplopia and optic neuropathy was noted in 27%. Two patients had a cerebrospinal fluid leak identified and managed during the decompression. No postoperative leaks occurred. Twenty-five percent of patients did not require eye muscle surgery. Forty-eight percent of the patients underwent one procedure to manage diplopia. The average reduction in proptosis was 2.5 mm. Fifty-four percent were managed as an outpatient and 27% underwent a 23-hour observation period. CONCLUSION This data supports the safety, efficiency, and efficacy of endoscopic orbital decompression for unilateral and bilateral Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eye muscle surgery frequently will be required to manage diplopia after decompression.
Too young to be old

Too Young to Be Old is a motivational book written by an 87-year-old woman from the perspectives of her many years as a professional psychologist and educator, and many years as an older person lea...
BRAVO Principal!: Building Relationships with Actions that Value Others

It is only through effective leadership actions that principals can become outstanding leaders. By building relationships that value all stakeholders—including teachers, students, parents, and community members—your actions will lead to a thriving school. This book provides you with the tools for emphasizing shared purpose, caring, integrity, and honesty so you can Build Relationships with Actions that Value Others. In this updated edition, you’ll find out how to: Establish trusting relationship based on mutual support, respect, and empowerment. Demonstrate cultural responsiveness by embracing diversity and integrating multicultural awareness throughout the curriculum. Employ creative concern-solving strategies and address conflicts with students, parents, and staff. Develop a learning culture to nurture student and teacher achievement. Each chapter concludes with a set of review questions to help you to reflect, evaluate, and improve upon your leadership skills. Filled with suggestions for actions that you can apply today, this book shows you how to become a BRAVO Principal!
Global Changes in Children's Lives

This Element compares the nature of childhood in four representative societies differing in their subsistence activities: bands of Australian hunter-gatherers, Tibetan nomadic pastoralists, peasants and farmers residing in Maya villages and towns, and South Korean students growing up in a digital information society. In addition, the Element traces a variety of intertwined global changes that have led to sharply reduced child mortality rates, shrinking family sizes, contested gender roles, increased marriage ages, long-term enrollment of children (especially girls in educational institutions), and the formation of 'glocal' identities.
Illuminating Women's Hidden Contribution to Historical Theoretical Population Genetics.

While productivity in academia is measured through authorship, not all scientific contributors have been recognized as authors. We consider nonauthor “acknowledged programmers” (APs), who developed, ran, and sometimes analyzed the results of computer programs. We identified APs in Theoretical Population Biology articles published between 1970 and 1990, finding that APs were disproportionately women (P = 4.0 × 10−10). We note recurrent APs who contributed to several highly-cited manuscripts. The occurrence of APs decreased over time, corresponding to the masculinization of computer programming and the shift of programming responsibilities to individuals credited as authors. We conclude that, while previously overlooked, historically, women have made substantial contributions to computational biology. For a video of this abstract, see: https://vimeo.com/313424402.
Brown Carbon Formation from Nighttime Chemistry of Unsaturated Heterocyclic Volatile Organic Compounds

Nighttime atmospheric processing enhances the formation of brown carbon aerosol (BrC) in biomass burning plumes. Heterocyclic compounds, a group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) abundant in bio...
The plasma transport and metabolism of retinoic acid in the rat.

The transport of retinoic acid in plasma was examined in vitamin A-deficient rats maintained on small doses of radioactively labelled retinoic acid. After ultracentrifugation of serum adjusted to density 1.21, most of the radioactivity (83%) was associated with the proteins of density greater than 1.21, and not with the serum lipoproteins. Gel filtration of the labelled serum on Sephadex G-200 showed that the radioactive label was associated with protein in the molecular-weight range of serum albumin. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis almost all of the recovered radioactivity migrated with serum albumin. Similar esults were obtained with serum from a normal control rat given a single oral dose of [14C]retinoic acid. These findings indicate that retinoic acid is transported in rat serum bound to serum albumin, and not by retinol-binding protein (the specific transport protein for plasma retinol). Several tissues and the entire remaining carcase of each rat were extracted with ethanol–acetone to determine the tissue distribution of retinoic acid and some of its metabolites. The total recover of radioactive compounds in in the entire body of the rat was about 7–9μg, representing less than 5% or 10% respectively of the total administered label in the two dosage groups studied. The results confirm that retinoic acid is not stored in any tissue. Most of the radioactive material was found in the carcase, rather than in the specific tissues analysed. Two-thirds of the radioactivity in the carcase appeared to represent unchanged retinoic acid. Of the tissues examined, the liver, kidneys and intestine had relatively high concentrations of radioactive compounds, whereas the testes and fat-pads had the lowest concentrations.
Foundations of Methodology in Integrative Mental Health Care

Current research and clinical methodologies in mental health care are reviewed and critiqued. Randomized controlled trials and other quantitative research designs do not adequately address complex synergistic mechanisms involved in many Western medical and CAM interventions. Treatment planning in Western medicine generally overlooks evidence for CAM modalities, and treatment planning in non-Western systems of medicine generally excludes evidence for Western medical approaches. The limitations of evidence-based medicine are discussed. Practice-based evidence is an important concept in personalized medicine that is emerging in response to the limitations of EBM. Novel research methodologies and their potential applications to studies on CAM and integrative modalities are described. Different research questions pertaining to Western medicine, CAM, or integrative medicine call for a variety of research methodologies. The limitations and benefits of different research designs should always guide the choice of study design especially when complex, multilevel interventions are being investigated. Mixed methods research designs that combine quantitative and qualitative research methods may help elucidate complex dynamic interactions between synergistic factors that influence outcomes in response to integrative treatment regimens. Methods for determining outcomes in clinical integrative mental health care are described including measures of cost-effectiveness, cost–utility analysis, and cost–benefit analysis. Finally, recent innovations in expert panels and their implications for more effective, more cost-effective, and more individualized clinical guidelines are discussed.
The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology

Psychology is a relatively new field whose antecedents as a systematic discipline are generally acknowledged to extend back to the nineteenth century. Despite this short history, the prominence of the field in the twentieth century has led to a considerable body of work on its origins. The development of the field has been traced in the ground-laying work of Edwin Boring and others, in 40 years of effort towards establishing a canon of teachers, schools, and publications of note.1
A New Design Approach to Mitigating the Effect of Parasitics in Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Charging

This paper introduces a new design approach to mitigate the effect of parasitic capacitances and achieve high performance in large air-gap capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. In a capacitive WPT system for EVs, the vehicle chassis and roadway introduce multiple parasitic capacitances that can overwhelm the coupling capacitance and severely degrade power transfer and efficiency. The proposed approach addresses this challenge by employing split-inductor matching networks, which allow the complex network of parasitic capacitances to be simplified into an equivalent four-capacitance model. The shunt capacitances of this model are directly utilized as the matching network capacitors, hence, absorbing the parasitic capacitances and eliminating the need for discrete high-voltage capacitors. A systematic procedure is developed to accurately measure the equivalent capacitances of the model, enabling the system’s performance to be reliably predicted. The proposed approach is used to design two 6.78–MHz 12-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT systems with capacitor-free matching networks. The first system transfers up to 590 W using 150-cm2 square coupling plates and achieves an efficiency of 88.4%. The second prototype system transfers up to 1217 W using 118-cm2 circular coupling plates, achieving a power transfer density of 51.6 kW/m2. The measured output power profiles of the two systems match well with their predicted counterparts, validating the proposed design approach.
The Position of the Individual in International Law According to Hugo Grotius

Grotius never uses the expression “international law” or its Latin counterpart “jus inter gentes.”1 He writes widely about the law of nations or “jus gentium.” Yet by reading his monumental work De iure belli ac pacis libri tres it soon becomes clear that this is not the only law which binds the nations; rather, it is only a special and limited body of rules valid in international relations. These relations can also be and are regulated, according to Grotius, by some more comprehensive laws than the so-called law of nations alone.
Director Networks and Firm Value

Are the professional networks of directors valuable? To separate the effect of director networks on firm value from the effect of other value-relevant director attributes, we use the unexpected deaths of directors as a shock to the director networks of interlocked directors. By studying the announcement returns and using a difference-in-differences methodology, we find the negative shock to director networks reduces the value of interlocked firms – a result that is stronger for firms that are more likely to benefit from access to information from board connections. This evidence is consistent with director networks being valuable and improving access to information.
Implementation of a Departmental Resident Web-Based Database.

Rationale and Objectives The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires the gathering, monitoring, analysis, and reporting of a large number of resident performance parameters. To provide faster and more efficient documentation and tracking, we developed an online database. Material and Methods We used a commercial, customizable and affordable web-based relational database software to develop a multiplatform, flexible database that can track a myriad of resident data and is easy for residents, faculty, and administrative personnel to enter and retrieve specific data. The database can quickly build report pages/pivot tables according to user specifications/needs. Results Since the implementation in January 2015–April 2020, over 34,355 data entries have been made. Around 82% of our current residents agree or strongly agree that the database is a useful addition to our program, with 53% of resident respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing that the database is intuitive, easy to navigate, and allows for quick data entry. A total of 61% of the faculty respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the database is a useful addition to the residency program. Pre Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) meeting preparation time by the Program Coordinator has been reduced by about 90%, and by CCC faculty by at least 50%. Annual Accreditation Data System (ADS) web reporting has become faster and more streamlined. Conclusion The database has markedly facilitated and improved efficiency of Milestones and ADS reporting as well as preparation and review of this data at CCC and Program Evaluation Committee meetings. Residents can monitor their own performance throughout residency. The database structure can be exported to other institutions.
Boosting CO 2 Electrochemical Reduction with Atomically Precise Surface Modification on Gold Nanoclusters.

Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (NCs) are promising catalytic materials for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). In this work an atomic level modification of a Au23 NC is made by substituting two surface Au atoms with two Cd atoms, and it enhances the CO2 RR selectivity to 90-95 % at the applied potential between -0.5 to -0.9 V, which is doubled compared to that of the undoped Au23 . Additionally, the Cd-doped Au19 Cd2 exhibits the highest CO2 RR activity (2200 mA mg-1 at -1.0 V vs. RHE) among the reported NCs. This synergetic effect between Au and Cd is remarkable. Density-functional theory calculations reveal that the exposure of a sulfur active site upon partial ligand removal provides an energetically feasible CO2 RR pathway. The thermodynamic energy barrier for CO formation is 0.74 eV lower on Au19 Cd2 than on Au23 . These results reveal that Cd doping can boost the CO2 RR performance of Au NCs by modifying the surface geometry and electronic structure, which further changes the intermediate binding energy. This work offers insights into the surface doping mechanism of the CO2 RR and bimetallic synergism.
Small Molecule SARM1 Inhibitors Recapitulate the SARM1−/− Phenotype and Allow Recovery of a Metastable Pool of Axons Fated to Degenerate

Axonal degeneration is responsible for disease progression and accumulation of disability in many neurodegenerative conditions. The axonal degenerative process can generate a metastable pool of damaged axons that remain structurally and functionally viable but fated to degenerate in the absence of external intervention. SARM1, an NADase that depletes axonal energy stores upon activation, is the central driver of an evolutionarily conserved program of axonal degeneration. We identify a potent and selective small molecule isoquinoline inhibitor of SARM1 NADase that recapitulates the SARM1-/- phenotype and protects axons from degeneration induced by axotomy or mitochondrial dysfunction. SARM1 inhibition post-mitochondrial injury with rotenone allows recovery and rescues axons that already entered the metastable state. We conclude that SARM1 inhibition with small molecules has the potential to treat axonopathies of the central and peripheral nervous systems by preventing axonal degeneration and by allowing functional recovery of a metastable pool of damaged, but viable, axons.
An Embedded FPGA Architecture for Real-Time Model Predictive Control

Abstract We develop a custom hardware architecture for real-time implementation of embedded Model Predictive Control (MPC) on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We propose a novel modular framework that allows for easy and rapid prototyping of control with capability for analog-to-digital conversion, numerical scaling, and digital-to-analog conversion. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for real-time control on a quadruple water tank system.
To Infinity and Beyond: Reducing Textbook Costs Through Librarian/Faculty Collaborations

AbstractAs subject and distance learning librarians, we have a special interest in supporting our faculty and their needs as they explore alternative and more affordable textbook options for their ...
WiMatch: Wireless Resource Matchmaking

Real world testbeds, like the POWDER platform (Platform for Open Wireless Data-driven Experimental Research), enable a broad range of mobile and wireless research. Given the flexibility of this platform, a key concern for platform users is selecting a set of wireless resources that will satisfy the requirements of their experiments. In this paper we present the design and implementation of WiMatch a wireless resource matchmaking system. We illustrate the utility of our approach by evaluating it in the POWDER platform.
Ultrasound Screening for Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis Risk Stratification Using Standardized Criteria in Structured Reporting: A Validation Study.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of templated ultrasound reports using transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) risk stratification (RS), particularly with regard to utilization of downstream angiographic studies and angiographic presence of TRAS. METHODS Ultrasounds with TRAS-RS templated reports from August 2017 to May 2020 were included. Studies were excluded if performed <28 days posttransplant and where TRAS was not clinically considered. A total of 530 ultrasounds met inclusion/exclusion criteria. TRAS-RS criteria were recorded (renal artery velocity ≥300 cm/s, spectral broadening in the renal artery, and intraparenchymal acceleration time ≥0.1 second). Depending on the number of criteria present, recipients were stratified into low (0/3), intermediate (1/3), high (2/3), and very high (3/3) risk for TRAS. Student's t-test was performed to identify whether the TRAS-RS category was associated with 1) performance of angiography to assess for TRAS and 2) angiographic presence of TRAS. RESULTS Of the 530 ultrasounds, 74 (14%) underwent angiography. Of these, 41 (55%) were positive for TRAS (overall positive rate, 8%). Number of ultrasounds, angiograms, and angiograms positive for TRAS, respectively, in each of the TRAS-RS categories for the 530 cases were: low probability: n = 370 (70% of all studied reports), 7 angiograms (2%), and 0 (0%) positive for TRAS; intermediate: n = 87 (16%), 24 angiograms (28%), and 8 (33%) positive; high: n = 46 (9%), 23 angiograms (50%), and 14 (61%) positive; and very high: n = 27 (5%), 20 angiograms (74%), and 19 (95%) positive. TRAS-RS score was associated with subsequent performance of angiography and positive rate for TRAS (P < .01). CONCLUSION Implementing a defined ultrasound screening tool with templated reporting for TRAS allowed for effective selection of those requiring an angiogram.
Models for Assessing Severity of Illness in Patients with Bloodstream Infection: a Narrative Review

To identify the severity of illness (SOI) models that have been utilized most often in studies of bloodstream infection (BSI) and analyze their development to determine the model that is most useful for measuring SOI. In 555 of 945 studies of BSI that utilized a SOI model, the Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) or APACHE model was used in 91% of the studies. Limitations of the PBS and APACHE model were identified in an analysis of the development of these models. There has also been concern about measuring SOI at the time of first identifying BSI because measurements at that time reflect the effects of infection making it an intermediate variable rather than a confounding variable. It has been recommended that SOI be measured prior to identification of BSI. Neither the PBS nor APACHE model can be considered the best method for measuring SOI in BSI studies. An important consideration is the timing of measurement of SOI but the optimum time for this prior to the first positive blood culture has not been determined. Future studies of BSI need to focus on identifying the best model for measuring SOI as well as the optimum time for applying the model.
Assessing teacher appraisals and stress in the classroom: Review of the Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands.

Stress research increasingly emphasizes the role of appraisal in determining which events are perceived as stressful. The Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands (CARD) was developed to measure teachers’ appraisals of their classroom demands and resources in order to assess their risk for experiencing occupational stress. The present purposes are to review the literature identifying appraisals as a key determinant of stress, to describe the development of the CARD, and to provide meta-analytic results from 18 studies comparing CARD scores to the following variables: teacher’s job satisfaction and occupational commitment, burnout symptoms, stress prevention resources, and challenging student demands. Results suggest moderate effects for associations between the CARD and these constructs, and implications for educational policy aimed at reducing turnover and increasing teacher and student welfare are discussed.
SU-E-T-520: Investigation of the Impact of Respiratory Motion On Spine SAbR Dose Distributions

Purpose Spine SRS/SAbR treatment plans typically require very steep dose gradients to meet spinal cord constraints and it is crucial that the dose distribution be accurate. However, these plans are typically calculated on helical free-breathing CT scans, which often contain motion artifacts. While the spine itself doesn’t exhibit very much intra-fraction motion, tissues around the spine, particularly the liver, do move with respiration. We investigated the dosimetric effect of liver motion on dose distributions calculated on helical free-breathing CT scans for spine SAbR delivered to the T and L spine. Methods We took 5 spine SAbR plans and used density overrides to simulate an average reconstruction CT image set, which would more closely represent the patient anatomy during treatment. The value used for the density override was 0.66 g/cc. All patients were planned using our standard beam arrangement, which consists of 13 coplanar step and shoot IMRT beams. The original plan was recalculated with the same MU on the “average” scan and target coverage and spinal cord dose were compared to the original plan. Results The average changes in minimum PTV dose, PTV coverage, max cord dose and volume of cord receiving 10 Gy were 0.6%, 0.8%, 0.3% and 4.4% (0.012 cc), respectively. Conclusion SAbR spine plans are surprisingly robust relative to surrounding organ motion due to respiration. Motion artifacts in helical planning CT scans do not cause clinically significant differences when these plans are re-calculated on pseudo-average CT reconstructions. This is likely due to the beam arrangement used because only three beams pass through the liver and only one beam passes completely through the density override. The effect of the respiratory motion on VMAT plans for spine SAbR is being evaluated.
Fragments of Nle3-angiotensin(1–7) accelerate healing in dermal models

: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to be present in dermal tissue and exogenous peptides from the RAS accelerates healing and reduces scarring. An analogue of Angiotensin(1–7) [A(1–7)], Norleucine3-A(1–7) [Nle3-A(1–7)], is the lead compound under development for treatment of dermal injuries. As proteases are prevalent in wounded tissue and at very high levels in chronic wounds, the ability of fragments of Nle3-A(1–7) to accelerate healing and the effect of proteases on the peptide were determined. Daily application of fragments of Nle3-A(1–7) of five or six amino acids accelerated healing in two models of dermal injury. In addition, the peptide was found to be stable (not substantially degraded) after incubation for 4 h in the presence of Cathepsin G, collagenases blend (from clostridium), matrix metalloprotease [MMP] 2, MMP 3, MMP 9, elastase (human leukocytic or porcine pancreatic) or plasmin. Only kallikrein, an enzyme known to cleave peptides of the RAS, cleaved the peptide into two major fragments one of which was identified as NorLeu3-A(1–4). These data support the activity of Nle3-A(1–7) on dermal wounds.
H/sub /spl infin//-control of discrete-time nonlinear systems

This paper presents an explicit solution to the problem of disturbance attenuation with internal stability via full information feedback, state feedback, and dynamic output feedback, respectively, for discrete-time nonlinear systems. The H/sub /spl infin//-control theory is first developed for affine systems and then extended to general nonlinear systems based on the concepts of dissipation inequality, differential game, and LaSalle's invariance principle in discrete time. A substantial difficulty that V(A(x)+B(x)u+E(x)w) [respectively, V(f(x,u,w))] is no longer quadratic in [/sub w//sup u/] arising in the case of discrete-time nonlinear systems has been surmounted in the paper. In the case of a linear system, we show how the results reduce to the well-known ones recently proposed in the literature.
Two Questions about Pleasure

In this paper, I present my solutions to two closely related questions about pleasure. One of these questions is fairly well known. Quite a few philosophers have discussed it, and the literature contains many proposed answers. The second question seems to me to be at least as interesting as the first, but it apparently hasn’t interested quite so many philosophers. I know of only a few proposed answers.