cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure of the Bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)uranium Metallocenes (C5Me4H)2UMe2, (C5Me4H)2UMeCl, [(C5Me4H)2U][(μ-η6:η1-Ph)(μ-η1:η1-Ph)BPh2], and [(C5Me4)SiMe2(CH2CHCH2)]2UI(THF)

Although bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)uranium metallocene chemistry has been extensively explored, relatively little is known about the reactivity of the bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) analogues. To provide the essential (C5Me4H)2U-containing complexes for comparison with (C5Me5)2U-containing species, a series of bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)uranium complexes has been prepared. The recently isolated (C5Me4H)2UCl2 (1) reacts with MeLi to form the methyl complexes (C5Me4H)2UMe2 (2) and (C5Me4H)2UMeCl (3), both of which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complex 3 can also be synthesized by ligand redistribution between 1 and 2. Complex 2 is easily reduced with potassium to form (C5Me4H)2UMe2K (4), which provides entry into unsolvated bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) U(III) chemistry. Complex 4 reacts with 2 equiv of Et3NHBPh4 to form the trivalent cationic complex [(C5Me4H)2U][(μ-Ph)2BPh2] (5), which has a structure differing from that of [(C5Me5)2U][(μ-Ph)2BPh2] in that one arene ring in ...
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation in the asymptomatic adult: A rare presentation

Abstract Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare developmental abnormality of the lower respiratory tract, primarily diagnosed in the neonatal period. The most concerning sequelae for patients with CPAM are recurrent respiratory infections and malignancy. Rarely discovered in asymptomatic adults, CPAM presents challenging questions for management. We describe such a case and discuss the risks and benefits of resection.
Development of an Interferometer and Schlieren Based Measurement Technique for Resolving Cavitation Pressure Fields

The existence of cavitation in soft matter introduces challenging problems as it exhibits unique deformation and failure mechanisms. The motivation of our study was to develop an understanding of cavitation and resulting bubble dynamics in and near soft materials, with applications in the study of biological tissues, polymeric coatings, biofouling, composites and other synthetic materials. In this work, we describe a new experimental technique to measure the internal pressure of quasi-statically induced bubbles within compressible time-dependent hydrogels. A Michelson interferometric technique and background-oriented schlieren (BOS) were paired with digital image correlation (DIC) to resolve spatiotemporal pressure fields during cavitation in the bubble and surrounding material. These measurements are meant to inform existing cavitation models and gain new insight into the highly localized deformation mechanism of cavitating bubbles.
Effective packing fraction for better resolution near the critical point of shear thickening suspensions.

We present a technique for obtaining an effective packing fraction for discontinuous shear thickening suspensions near a critical point. It uses a measurable quantity that diverges at the critical point---in this case the inverse of the shear rate ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at the onset of discontinuous shear thickening---as a proxy for packing fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$. We obtain an effective packing fraction for cornstarch and water by fitting ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(\ensuremath{\phi})$ and then invert the function to obtain ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c})$. We further include the dependence of ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the rheometer gap $d$ to obtain the function ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c},d)$. This effective packing fraction ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ has better resolution near the critical point than the raw measured packing fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$ by as much as an order of magnitude. Furthermore, ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ normalized by the critical packing fraction ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$ can be used to compare rheology data for cornstarch and water suspensions from different laboratory environments with different temperature and humidity. This technique can be straightforwardly generalized to improve resolution in any system with a diverging quantity near a critical point.
Preoperative evaluation for cataract surgery.

Purpose of reviewTo provide a consolidated update regarding preoperative evaluation for cataract surgery.Recent findingsVisual acuity alone is a poor gauge of cataract disability. Modalities such as wave front aberrometry, lens densitometry, and light-scatter assessments can quantify optical aspects
Boosting Student Vocabulary

As physics teachers, we possess many items (e.g., demonstrations, online exercises, and even stories) in our pedagogical toolkits. In this paper, I propose and explore one such item that I have found particularly useful and pedagogically significant—the integrated vocabulary boost. In what follows, I will address what I mean by such boosts and then provide some examples. However, let me begin by explaining how I came to use vocabulary boosts.
Customized airway stenting for bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection by interventional technique: single-center study of 148 consecutive patients.

I have read with interest the paper by Han et al . (1). They presented their experience with the use of customized self-expandable covered metallic airway stents for the management of bronchopleural fistula (BPF).
Diagnostic traps awaiting the head/neck pathologist: "Cytoplasm-poor" neoplasms.

Abstract Context Beyond squamous carcinoma, a variety of diagnostically challenging neoplasms arise within various head and neck sites. This is particularly the situation with neoplasms where little cellular cytoplasm is present to assist the pathologist in categorizing such lesions. Objective To highlight diagnostic pitfalls that accompanying neoplasms composed primarily of ‘cytoplasmically-poor’ cells. These pitfalls include morphologic and immunohistochemical traps that emerge from this class of neoplasms. Data sources Selection of pathologic specimens from the author's personal files, and literature review. Conclusions Interpretative pitfalls regarding the histopathology and immunophenotype of small ‘cytoplasmically-poor’ neoplasms are a diagnostic hazard in head and neck surgical pathology practice, and require knowledge of histomorphologic plasticity and aberrant immunophenotyping.
Asymmetric centromeres differentially coordinate with mitotic machinery to ensure biased sister chromatid segregation in germline stem cells

Many stem cells utilize asymmetric cell division (ACD) to produce a self-renewed stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell. How non-genic information could be inherited differentially to establish distinct cell fates is not well understood. Here, we report a series of spatiotemporally regulated asymmetric components, which ensure biased sister chromatid attachment and segregation during ACD of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs). First, sister centromeres are differentially enriched with proteins involved in centromere specification and kinetochore function. Second, temporally asymmetric microtubule activities and polarized nuclear envelope breakdown allow for the preferential recognition and attachment of microtubules to asymmetric sister kinetochores and sister centromeres. Abolishment of either the asymmetric sister centromeres or the asymmetric microtubule activities results in randomized sister chromatid segregation. Together, these results provide the cellular basis for partitioning epigenetically distinct sister chromatids during stem cell ACDs, which opens new directions to study these mechanisms in other biological contexts.
Negritude e literatura negra como atos de conhecimento e de ação

This work consists of a descriptive review of the second edition of the book “Blackness and literature in Latin America”, by prominent researcher on comparative literature, Zila Bernd. Even after 30 years of the release, its contribution is still relevant, in regard to questions about blackness and the construction of black consciousness in Latin America. Despite the quantitative and qualitative growth of black literary productions, a large contingent of the Caribbean and Brazilian black population does not have access to this cultural repertoire. In this sense, blackness, as affirmation of a presence, and black literature as an attitude towards the actuality of the segregation in the 21st century, presents itself as an undisputed evidence.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking for Deterministic Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin-Orbit Torque.

Symmetry breaking is a characteristic to determine which branch of a bifurcation system follows upon crossing a critical point. Specifically, in spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices, a fundamental question arises: how can the symmetry of the perpendicular magnetic moment be broken by the in-plane spin polarization? Here, we show that the chiral symmetry breaking by the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) can induce the deterministic SOT switching of the perpendicular magnetization. By introducing a gradient of saturation magnetization or magnetic anisotropy, the dynamic noncollinear spin textures are formed under the current-driven SOT, and thus, the chiral symmetry of these dynamic spin textures is broken by the DMI, resulting in the deterministic magnetization switching. We introduce a strategy to induce an out-of-plane (z) gradient of magnetic properties as a practical solution for the wafer-scale manufacture of SOT devices.
Errors in Predicting Muscle Fiber Lengths from Joint Kinematics Point to the Need to Include Tendon Tension in Computational Neuromuscular Models

Accurate predictions of tendon forces must consider musculotendon mechanics; specifically muscle fiber lengths and velocities. These are either predicted explicitly by simulating musculoskeletal dynamics or approximated from measured limb kinematics. The latter is complicated by the fact that tendon lengths and pennation angles vary with both limb kinematics and tendon tension. We now derive the error in kinematically-approximated muscle fiber lengths as a general equation of muscle geometry and tendon tension. This enables researchers to objectively evaluate this error9s significance--which can reach ~ 80% of the optimal muscle fiber length--with respect to the scientific or clinical question being asked. Although this equation provides a detailed functional relationship between muscle fiber lengths, joint kinematics and tendon tension, the parameters used to characterize musculotendon architecture are subject- and muscle-specific. This parametric uncertainty limits the accuracy of any generic musculoskeletal model that hopes to explain subject-specific phenomena. Nevertheless, the existence of such a functional relationship has profound implications to biological proprioception. These results strongly suggest that tendon tension information (from Golgi tendon organs) is likely integrated with muscle fiber length information (from muscle spindles) at the spinal cord to produce useful estimates of limb configuration to enable effective control of movement.
Characterization and Evaluation of a Hydrogel-PVC Aberrator Phantom

Tissue mimicking phantoms are important components for performance testing and characterization of medical ultrasound systems. This article aims to develop a viable phantom model that can represent the acoustic properties of a fatty abdominal wall, which degrades image quality in patients who are classified as hard-to-image. Scans on a standard ultrasound phantom in the presence of the aberrating layer has revealed a marked reduction in image quality metrics. Development of a phantom surrogate that can mimic clutter and aberration similar to the fat layer can help address imaging challenges.
Associations Between Parental Monitoring and Multiple Types of Youth Violence Victimization: A Brief Report:

Youth violence victimization continues to be pervasive and a significant cause of adolescent mortality. Since their 2014 “Connecting the Dots” report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...
W-induced morphological modification of NiFe layered double hydroxides as efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are one of the most efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting due to their nanosheet features and compositional flexibilities. This work explored the impact of W precursor concentration (0 ∼ 10 mM) on LDH morphologies and performance in hydrogen production. Using an electrodeposition W-doping process, W-induced NiFe LDHs (NiFeW-LDHs) were in-situ grown on carbon fiber papers for water splitting. A performance peak was found at a W doping of 5 mM with well-aligned nanosheets, which not only boosted the charge transfer ability and gas evolution but also offered more than a four-fold electrochemical surface area increase compared to film-like NiFe hydroxides. The NiFeW-LDHs exhibited remarkable performance compared to NiFe hydroxides, showing decreased overpotentials of 31 mV and 114 mV for the oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) at 10 mA/cm2 and -10 mA/cm2, respectively, in alkaline media. The performance enhancement at 5 mM W-doping was linked to the well-aligned NiFeW-LDH nanosheets; smaller, less-textured nanosheets were observed with lower or higher W precursor concentrations (2.5 mM or >7.5 mM), leading to inferior OER and HER performances. Hence, an appropriate W doping is crucial to generating the morphologies that contribute to the higher performance of NiFeW-LDHs.
Rehabilitation readiness: A construct validity study of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Vocational Counseling (URICA-VC) scale for persons with mental illness

Purpose/objectives: The study aims to confirm the factorial structure of the URICA-Vocational Counseling (URICA- VC), a scale that has been specifically designed for use in vocational rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, the study explores the clinical utility of the URICA-VC readiness construct within a sample of individuals with psychiatric disabilities seeking competitive employment. Research method/design: Using a sample of 296 individuals with psychiatric disabilities pooled from three separate programs, the author examined the construct validity of the scale using factorial structural analysis, discriminative validity and predictive validity tests. Results: The results confirm the URICA-VC three-factor solution. These three factors discriminate between individuals with varying levels of interest and involvement in vocational rehabilitation services. However, predictive validity is mixed. Conclusion/implications: The use of the URICA-VC for clinical decision-making and research purposes should be carefully considered given the degree of false negatives and positives generated by stage of change categories.
Automatic induction of generalization hierarchies for reinforcement learning

In popular fiction, artificially intelligent agents experience the same world as humans. A spacecraft computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey can attempt to stop the astronauts who want to deactivate it. A droid in Star Wars can infiltrate a space station and help rescue a princess. A robot in Short Circuit can discover the value of life and reject its military programming. These machines have the capacity to behave effectively in novel situations that their creators could not have explicitly anticipated.
Self Annealing: Unifying Deterministic Annealing and Relaxation Labelling

Deterministic annealing and relaxation labeling algorithms for classification and matching are presented and discussed. A new approach —self annealing—is introduced to bring deterministic annealing and relaxation labeling into accord. Self annealing results in an emergent linear schedule for winner-take-all and assignment problems. Also, the relaxation labeling algorithm can be seen as an approximation to the self annealing algorithm for matching and labeling problems.
A study of the plane stress or strain finite element analysis for solution of stress distribution in plane elastic continua

Finite element method computer program for solution of stress distribution in plane elastic continua
Hair shampooing technique and pediatric vulvovaginitis.

For many years there has been a general awareness that bubble bath products may cause pediatric vulvovaginitis. Presumably, detergent and perfume ingredients enter the child9s open labia while she is seated in bathtub water and may not be removed when she leaves the tub. Perfumes are well known as skin-sensitizing agents, and detergents, such a lauryl sulfate, can remove natural skin oils and denature skin proteins. Damage to the stratum corneum skin barrier may result in redness, cracking, scaling, and papular lesions.
A generalized video complexity verifier for flexible decoding

Video standards make use of a video complexity verifier (VCV) to characterize and regulate the decoding complexity of a compliant bitstream. In previous VCV models, the minimum level of computational capacity required to decode a given bitstream is strictly related to the peak decoding complexity of an individual frame in the sequence. This contribution presents a new VCV model, which is more flexible than prior VCV models. The proposed VCV model permits the bitstream to be decoded by devices operating at significantly smaller levels of peak computational capacity. The trade-off is a slight increase in additional delay and memory. Simulation results illustrate these benefits of the new VCV model.
Chapter 6 Frames of reference in hemineglect: a computational approach

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the different explanation for the mixture of frames of reference found in hemineglect subjects. The approach is based on interpreting the responses of parietal neurons as basis function of their sensory inputs. The chapter reveals that the basis function decomposition is a computationally efficient way to represent the position of objects in space for the purpose of sensorimotor transformation. Basis function representations also have the property that each cell can encode the location of objects in multiple frames of reference simultaneously allowing them to be involved in the control of multiple behaviors. The chapter discusses the issue of object-centered neglect, which refers to the possibility that patients neglect the left side of object, regardless of the position and orientation of objects in space. Object-centered neglect is illustrated with an experiment, in which patients are asked to detect a gap in the upper part of a triangle embedded within a larger object. It is reported that patients detected the gap more reliably when it was associated with the right side of the object than when it belonged to the left side even when this gap appeared at the same retinal location across conditions.
Role of Orai1 and store-operated calcium entry in mouse lacrimal gland signalling and function

Lacrimal glands function to produce an aqueous layer, or tear film, that helps to nourish and protect the ocular surface. Lacrimal glands secrete proteins, electrolytes and water, and loss of gland function can result in tear film disorders such as dry eye syndrome, a widely encountered and debilitating disease in ageing populations. To combat these disorders, understanding the underlying molecular signalling processes that control lacrimal gland function will give insight into corrective therapeutic approaches. Previously, in single lacrimal cells isolated from lacrimal glands, we demonstrated that muscarinic receptor activation stimulates a phospholipase C-coupled signalling cascade involving the inositol trisphosphate-dependent mobilization of intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Since intracellular calcium stores are finite and readily exhausted, the SOCE pathway is a critical process for sustaining and maintaining receptor-activated signalling. Recent studies have identified the Orai family proteins as critical components of the SOCE channel activity in a wide variety of cell types. In this study we characterize the role of Orai1 in the function of lacrimal glands using a mouse model in which the gene for the calcium entry channel protein, Orai1, has been deleted. Our data demonstrate that lacrimal acinar cells lacking Orai1 do not exhibit SOCE following activation of the muscarinic receptor. In comparison with wild-type and heterozygous littermates, Orai1 knockout mice showed a significant reduction in the stimulated tear production following injection of pilocarpine, a muscarinic receptor agonist. In addition, calcium-dependent, but not calcium-independent exocytotic secretion of peroxidase was eliminated in glands from knockout mice. These studies indicate a critical role for Orai1-mediated SOCE in lacrimal gland signalling and function.
Hierarchical voting experts: an unsupervised algorithm for segmenting hierarchically structured sequences

This paper extends the Voting Experts (VE) algorithm (Cohen, Adams, & Heeringa 2007) to segment hierarchically structured sequences. The original algorithm was tested on text segmentation, and made use of two proposed characteristics of chunks, namely low internal entropy and high boundary entropy of segments. VE looks for these two properties, and uses them to segment sequences of tokens. It is surprisingly powerful given its simplicity, suggesting that the principle of segmenting based on low internal entropy and high boundary entropy is promising. Real world data often exhibits an inherently hierarchical structure, and it is well known that humans tend to chunk the world hierarchically (Miller 1956). It is therefore interesting to explore the applicability of a modi ed version of VE on hierarchically structured data. We show that VE can be generalized to work on hierarchical data, and also that the higher order models can be used to improve the accuracy of the segmentation at lower levels.
Characterization of a thiamin diphosphate‐dependent phenylpyruvate decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The product of the ARO10 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was initially identified as a thiamine diphosphate-dependent phenylpyruvate decarboxylase with a broad substrate specificity. It was suggested that the enzyme could be responsible for the catabolism of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, as well as methionine. In the present study, we report the overexpression of the ARO10 gene product in Escherichia coli and the first detailed in vitro characterization of this enzyme. The enzyme is shown to be an efficient aromatic 2-keto acid decarboxylase, consistent with it playing a major in vivo role in phenylalanine, tryptophan and possibly also tyrosine catabolism. However, its substrate spectrum suggests that it is unlikely to play any significant role in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids or of methionine. A homology model was used to identify residues likely to be involved in substrate specificity. Site-directed mutagenesis on those residues confirmed previous studies indicating that mutation of single residues is unlikely to produce the immediate conversion of an aromatic into an aliphatic 2-keto acid decarboxylase. In addition, the enzyme was compared with the phenylpyruvate decarboxylase from Azospirillum brasilense and the indolepyruvate decarboxylase from Enterobacter cloacae. We show that the properties of the two phenylpyruvate decarboxylases are similar in some respects yet quite different in others, and that the properties of both are distinct from those of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase. Finally, we demonstrate that it is unlikely that replacement of a glutamic acid by leucine leads to discrimination between phenylpyruvate and indolepyruvate, although, in this case, it did lead to unexpected allosteric activation.
Phase diagrams of F = 2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

We show that there are three possible phases for a spin-2 spinor Bose condensate, one more compared to the spin-1 case. The order parameters of these phases are the spontaneous magnetization and the singlet pair amplitude. Current estimates of scattering lengths show that all three phases have realizations in optically trapped alkali atoms. There is also a one-to-one correspondence between the structure of a spin-2 spinor Bose condensate and that of a d-wave BCS superfluid.
Pharmacological profile of the FLT3-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor AST487

5988 The FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in 70-90% of AML patients. In addition, up to 35% of AML patients harbor mutations in the JM domain or the kinase domain of FLT3. These mutations result in ligand-independent receptor activation and hence to signal transduction and cell proliferation. Inhibition of the FLT3 mediated signalling pathway is considered to be an attractive therapeutic approach in AML. Several FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are currently undergoing clinical evaluation including PKC412 which showed significant blast response in peripheral blood (Stone RM et al. Blood, 2004; Sep 2; Epub). Unfortunately these early clinical responses are often superseded by blast recurrence due to a yet unknown mechanisms of drug resistance. Therefore we aimed at identifying FLT3 inhibitors from a different structural class which displayed enhanced cytotoxicity against mutated FLT3 expressing leukemic cells. This strategy yielded AST487, which incorporates all features of a pharmacological useful drug candidate. AST487 is a small molecular weight inhibitor of FLT3 kinase. Besides inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against BaF3 cells dependent on ITD (ED 50 1.8 nM) or D835Y ((ED 50 5.1 nM) mutated FLT3, this compound also inhibits related type III tyrosine kinases at cellular level. For example proliferation of BaF3 cells dependent on Tel-PDGFRβ and PCT3-RET as well as VEGF stimulated HUVEC were inhibited by AST487 in the nanomolar range (ED 50s 27-9 nM). AST487 was particularly potent against FLT3-ITD expressing human leukemic cell lines like MV4-11 and MOLM-13 (ED 50s 10%). Repeated dosing of up to 50 mg/kg were well tolerated in mice and yielded plasma levels exceeding the in vitro determined cellular ED 50 concentration for several hours. The human leukaemia cell line MV4-11 can be transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice and the antiproliferative activity of FLT3 inhibitors determined by convenient tumor measurements. Remarkably, daily oral doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg AST487 resulted in full tumor eradication. Repeated daily oral doses of 5 mg/kg AST487 resulted in sustained inhibition of MV4-11 cell proliferation with an T/C of
Nine states' use of collaboratives to improve children's health care quality in medicaid and CHIP.

Abstract We examine quality improvement (QI) collaboratives underway in 9 states participating in the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA) Quality Demonstration Grant Program. A total of 147 diverse, child-serving practices were participating in the collaboratives. We conducted 256 semistructured interviews with key stakeholders from March to August 2012—2 years into the 5-year demonstration projects—and analyzed states' grant applications, operating plans, and progress reports. The collaboratives have multiple complex aims. In addition to developing patient-centered medical home (PCMH) capability, some states use collaboratives to familiarize practices with CMS's Initial Core Set of Children's Health Care Quality Measures, practice-level quality measurement, and improving QI knowledge and skills. The duration of the collaboratives is longer than other well-known collaborative models. Collaboratives also vary in their methods for targeting areas for improvement and strategies for motivating practice recruitment and engagement. States also vary with respect to the other strategies they use to support QI and PCMH development. All states supplement the collaboratives with practice facilitation; the majority utilized practice-level parent engagement, but only 4 used workforce augmentation (ie, providing care coordinators and QI specialists). Practice staff highly valued aspects of the collaboratives and supplemental strategies, including the opportunity to work with experts and other child-serving practices; states' efforts to provide stipends and align demonstration efforts with other professional requirements or programs; receipt of relevant, customized QI materials; opportunities to learn how care coordinators or QI specialists might work in their practice without the risk of hiring them; and satisfaction from learning more about quality measures, QI concepts and techniques, critical medical home components, and how to identify PCMH capacity and performance gaps. However, practice staff also reported a variety of challenges, including difficulty learning from other practices that have very different preexisting QI and PCMH capacity and patient populations, or that are working on different topic areas and measures; a sometimes overwhelming amount of materials and ideas covered during in-person meetings; difficulty keeping up with Webinars, calls, and Web sites/blogs; and trouble motivating and sharing information with other practice staff not attending collaborative activities. As the demonstration projects continue, states and the national evaluation team will learn more about how best to use collaboratives and complementary strategies to support child-serving practices in QI and PCMH development. States will also search for ways to sustain and spread these activities after the demonstration ends, if they prove effective.
Miniature endoscope for simultaneous optical coherence tomography and laser-induced fluorescence measurement

We have designed a multimodality system that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in a 2.0-mm-diameter endoscopic package. OCT provides ∼18-μm resolution cross-sectional structural information over a 6-mm field. LIF spectra are collected sequentially at submillimeter resolution across the same field and provide histochemical information about the tissue. We present the use of a rod prism to reduce the asymmetry in the OCT beam caused by a cylindrical window. The endoscope has been applied to investigate mouse colon cancer in vivo.
Authoritative Parenting and Issue Involvement as Indicators of Ad Recall: An Empirical Investigation of Anti-Drug Ads for Parents

This investigation explores the role of authoritative parenting and issue involvement in regard to the recall of parental anti-drug ads encouraging child monitoring. In addition, the study tested whether issue involvement mediates the association between authoritative parenting and recall of parental anti-drug television ads among parents (N = 185) with adolescents in Grades 6, 7, and 8. The results indicate that (a) authoritative parenting is positively associated with favorable attitudes toward monitoring children and issue involvement regarding adolescent drug use, (b) issue involvement is associated with ad recall, (c) issue involvement mediates the relationship between authoritative parenting and ad recall, (d) ad recall is not associated with favorable attitudes toward parental monitoring, and (e) favorable attitudes regarding parental monitoring are positively associated with intentions to engage in monitoring within the next 6 months.
Consumer Types Based on Evaluative Cri teria Underlying Clothing Decisions1

The focus of the study was on evaluative criteria underlying clothing decisions of lower and middle socioeconomic level consumers. The objectives were to (1) classify consumers into segments based on evaluative criteria used in making clothing choices and (2) de scribe the resulting segments in terms of product- and person-related life-style variables. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 224 consumers who were mothers of children enrolled in private, government, and church-supported preschool facilities during the spring, 1973, in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, and multiple classification analysis. Segmentation was effected on the basis of two dimensions underlying evaluative criteria—appearance and practicality-derived by factor analysis. Resulting segments were labeled as Fashion Advocates, Quality Seekers, Frugal Aesthetes, and Concerned Pragmat ics. Descriptive profiles of the four segments were developed using factor scores for six eval uative criteria, five general-value, four information-related, five activity-interest, and two personality factors plus selected demographic variables.
Improving the quality of care through routine teleradiology consultation.

Rationale and Objectives. The hypotheses of this study were as follows: ( a ) University subspecialty radiologists can provide consultations effectively to general radiologists as part of routine clinical operations; ( b ) these consultations will improve the quality of the final radiologic report; and ( c ) the consultations will improve the care process and may save money, as well. Materials and Methods. For 2,012 consecutive computed tomographic or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies, the initial interpretations provided by radiology generalists were subsequently reviewed by specialists, with a final consensus report available. “Truth” was established by final consensus reports. To control for potential bias, 150 adult MR imaging and 250 pediatric radiologic studies were interpreted initially by specialists and then by generalists. Again, truth was established by final consensus reports. Results. There was disagreement between generalist and specialist radiologist interpretations in 427 (21.2%) of the cases reviewed. These disagreements were stratified further by independent specialists, who graded them as important, very important, or unimportant. Differences were considered important or very important in 99% of the cases reviewed. Conclusion. Consultations by subspecialty radiologists improved the quality of the radiology reports studied and, at least in some cases, improved the process of care by eliminating unnecessary procedures or suggesting more specific follow-up examinations. The consultation services can be provided cost-effectively from the payer's perspective and may save additional costs when unnecessary procedures can be eliminated.
Circuits with Oscillatory Hierarchical Farey Sequences and Fractal Properties

We present two dual oscillating circuits having a wide spectrum of dynamical properties but relatively simple topologies. Each circuit has five bifurcating parameters, one nonlinear element of cubic current–voltage characteristics, one controlled element, LCR components and a constant biasing source. The circuits can be considered as two coupled oscillators (linear and nonlinear) that form dual jerk circuits. Bifurcation diagrams of the circuits show a rather surprising result that the bifurcation patterns are of the Farey sequence structure and the circuits’ dynamics is of a fractal type. The circuits’ fractal dimensions of the box counting (capacity) algorithm, Kaplan–Yorke (Lyapunov) type and its modified (improved) version are all estimated to be between 2.26 and 2.52. Our analysis is based on numerical calculations which confirm a close relationship of the circuits’ bifurcation patterns with those of the Ford circles and Stern–Brocot trees.
Prostate cancer stem cell-targeted efficacy of a new-generation taxoid, SBT-1214 and novel polyenolic zinc-binding curcuminoid, CMC2.24.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men. Multiple evidence suggests that a population of tumor-initiating, or cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for cancer development and exceptional drug resistance, representing a highly important therapeutic target. The present study evaluated CSC-specific alterations induced by new-generation taxoid SBT-1214 and a novel polyenolic zinc-binding curcuminoid, CMC2.24, in prostate CSCs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The CD133(high)/CD44(high) phenotype was isolated from spontaneously immortalized patient-derived PPT2 cells and highly metastatic PC3MM2 cells. Weekly treatment of the NOD/SCID mice bearing PPT2- and PC3MM3-induced tumors with the SBT-1214 led to dramatic suppression of tumor growth. Four of six PPT2 and 3 of 6 PC3MM2 tumors have shown the absence of viable cells in residual tumors. In vitro, SBT-1214 (100 nM-1 µM; for 72 hr) induced about 60% cell death in CD133(high)/CD44(+/high) cells cultured on collagen I in stem cell medium (in contrast, the same doses of paclitaxel increased proliferation of these cells). The cytotoxic effects were increased when SBT-1214 was combined with the CMC2.24. A stem cell-specific PCR array assay revealed that this drug combination mediated massive inhibition of multiple constitutively up-regulated stem cell-related genes, including key pluripotency transcription factors. Importantly, this drug combination induced expression of p21 and p53, which were absent in CD133(high)/CD44(high) cells. Viable cells that survived this treatment regimen were no longer able to induce secondary spheroids, exhibited significant morphological abnormalities and died in 2-5 days. CONCLUSIONS We report here that the SBT-1214 alone, or in combination with CMC2.24, possesses significant activity against prostate CD133(high)/CD44(+/high) tumor-initiating cells. This drug combination efficiently inhibits expression of the majority of stem cell-related genes and pluripotency transcription factors. In addition, it induces a previously absent expression of p21 and p53 ("gene wake-up"), which can potentially reverse drug resistance by increasing sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs.
Orthogonal reactivity of thiols toward chlorovinylsilanes: selective thiol-ene chemistry

Abstract A variety of new chlorosilanes were synthesized by the selective thiol-ene reactions of various thiols (ethanethiol, 1,2-ethanedithiol, benzenethiol, and tetrakis(2-sulfanylethyl)silicate) with chlorovinylsilanes (chlorodimethylvinylsilane, dichloromethylvinylsilane, and trichlorovinylsilane). No silylthioester products were observed. All products were obtained in quantitative or near quantitative yields and were characterized using multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si) spectroscopy. The products required no further purification. An example is presented which highlights the potential use of these compounds for future applications.
A comparison of cognitive and behavioral patterns in learning‐disabled children: Subtype and sex differences

A sample of 83 learning‐disabled (LD) females were individually matched to 83 LD males by age and Full Scale IQ and were compared on several cognitive and behavioral measures. Factor‐ and cluster‐analytic techniques were applied to the cognitive and behavioral data, and similar factor and profile structures were found for male and female LD children. The clusters and factors identified in the analyses demonstrated several significant relationships to performance on certain cognitive and behavioral measures, reading, and an attention‐impulsivity task for the combined male and female sample. Although statistically significant sex differences were found on measures suggesting that females were less impulsive and were better at reading comprehension than males, the study identified more similarities than differences among LD males and females.
Probing Nonadiabaticity in the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by Soybean Lipoxygenase.

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a vital role in many biological and chemical processes. PCET rate constant expressions are available for various well-defined regimes, and determining which expression is appropriate for a given system is essential for reliable modeling. Quantitative diagnostics have been devised to characterize the vibronic nonadiabaticity between the electron–proton quantum subsystem and the classical nuclei, as well as the electron–proton nonadiabaticity between the electrons and proton(s) within the quantum subsystem. Herein these diagnostics are applied to a model of the active site of the enzyme soybean lipoxygenase, which catalyzes a PCET reaction that exhibits unusually high deuterium kinetic isotope effects at room temperature. Both semiclassical and electronic charge density diagnostics illustrate vibronic and electron–proton nonadiabaticity for this PCET reaction, supporting the use of the Golden rule nonadiabatic rate constant expression with a specific form of the...
A simple interpretation of generalized forces using Betti's Law

Abstract Betti's Law is used to compute the generalized forces at the coordinates of a structure It is shown that the displacement configurations assiciated with the columns of the stiffness matrix of the structure provide the necessary information for the calculations.
Carrier Recombination in A-SI:H P-I-N Devices Studied by PL and EL Spectroscopies

Both photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) energy spectra were studied in the temperature range of 80 to 300 K on a-Si:H p-i-n structures. The EL spectrum depends on several parameters such as the i-layer thickness and the sample structure with or without a buffer layer (b-layer), while the PL spectrum shows no difference when those parameters are varied. Comparing PL and EL in 0.5 μm p-i-n devices with and without a buffer layer, we found that (a) at 80 K, the main-band peak energy is 1.3 eV for PL and 1.2 eV for EL; (b) the PL spectral line shape does not change with the insertion of a buffer layer, but the EL spectra show more enhanced main-band luminescence with the buffer layer; (c) the temperature dependence of the PL intensity shows a slope of 26 K which is similar to that of a-Si:H films, but the EL efficiency shows a weaker temperature dependence that varies with the diode structure.
Reliability Simulation of Large-Scale Networks using Sampling-Scale

Network reliability simulations span periods of time as lengthy as 20-years. The amount of sampling events may create run-time issues that prevent the simulation model from completing. This paper presents a sampling scale technique that can yield accurate results within a reasonable simulation time. This technique was used for reliability simulation for the Army future tactical network.
Findings on Predictors of Performance from a Large-Scale Research Program

The focus of the research program was to examine the processes by which new firms were established, the ways in which the firms evolved, and the determinants of their performance. The framework utilised in planning the research is shown in Figure 1. Variables which were examined included Characteristics of Entrepreneurs, Founding Processes (including developing ideas, searching for information, and raising capital), Initial Firm Characteristics (including size of firm and strategy), Environmental Characteristics, and Performance. Note that many of the factors were expected to have both direct and indirect effects upon other factors and upon firm performance. For instance, it was possible to examine how characteristics of entrepreneurs related to processes of formation or to initial firm characteristics. It was also possible to look at how entrepreneurial characteristics or founding processes were related to various measures of performance. The research program was multidisciplinary, in that it drew upon theoretical frameworks from many fields, including psychology, sociology, and economics, as well as the growing literature on entrepreneurship and small business management.
New evidence for ancient cultivation ofCanna edulis in Peru

Preserved rhizomes ofCanna edulis from 5 archaeological sites in the Casma Valley of Peru are illustrated and described. These were identified by their extant surface features and by their starch grains, which are different from those of any other known flowering plant species. Based on radiocarbon assays, these specimens range in date from 2250–295 B.C. Materials used for comparative purposes in this study included a collection of edible canna from the Peruvian archaeological site of Pachacamac and a modern-day specimen. A theory on the place of origin and time of domestication of this species is given in the conclusions of this paper.
Ge(Li)NaI(Tl) studies of the decay of 117Te

Abstract Results of independent investigations performed at MSU and MIT on the decay of 1.1 h 117 Te suggest an energy level scheme for 117 Sb. Sources were produced at MIT via the 114 Sn(α, n) 117 Te reaction, while the MSU group bombarded natural antimony metal with 52 MeV protons. Ge(Li)NaI(Tl) coincidence experiments, γ-ray energy and relative intensity measurements, and positon end-point measurements were performed at both laboratories and produced results which were in excellent agreement. On the basis of these results, excited states in 117 Sb are placed at 719.7, 923.9, 1354.5, 1454.5, 1716.4, 1810.5, 2213, 2284.8 and 2300.0 keV. Additional levels, accommodating only very weak ground state transitions, may be present at 1596, 2380 and 2885 keV. No conclusive evidence for the existence of a possible 117m Te was obtained.
Advancements in Control Technology at the Bevatron

An axiom for digital control enthusiasts. "The digital processor will make every attempt to destroy the hardware and humans subject to its control. Nibblers; yes, even gobblers; planted within the software will eventually consume themselves and cause the most unexpected results. Hardware must be organized in such a Maaner, that the software cannot damage it. As an extension of this concept, consider the mean time between failure". If you extend your MTBF by judicious application of " quality assurance", catasrophe will utlimately overtake you. Thus, consider not the MTBF, but rather, consider the catastrophic nature of the failure. Learn to have "well-behaved" shutdown instead of failure.
Distribution of the number of visits of a random walk

The distribution of the number of visits to a given state within an excursion of a simple random walk is derived. This distribution is shown to be a zero-modified geometric law, which extends a result of Revesz
Salivary duct carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review of 26 cases

BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high grade aggressive malignancy of the major salivary glands. Clinical and pathologic features that may be predictive of survival are not well delineated. The microscopic features of SDC are remarkably similar to those of mammary ductal carcinoma, raising the question of whether these tumors share antigenic or hormonal features. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and pathologic characteristics of 26 cases of SDC treated at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 to 1989. Immunoperoxidase studies and flow cytometry were performed in 25 and 24 cases, respectively. RESULTS The study population consisted of 22 men and 4 women (mean age, 66 years). The parotid gland was involved in 23 patients and the submaxillary gland in 3. Five of 24 tumors studied were diploid (21%), and 19 (79%) were nondiploid. Nine tumors (35%) recurred locally and 16 (62%) metastasized distantly; 20 patients (77%) died of disease at a mean interval of 3 years after diagnosis. Female sex was the only significant negative prognostic factor analyzed, but positive nodal status approached significance. Paraffin-section immunostaining showed positive reactions for epithelial membrane antigen (100%), keratin (AE1/AE3) (88%), α-lactalbumin (88%), GCDFP-15 (76%), and carcinoembryonic antigen (72%); S-100 protein was rarely detected (4%). Stains for estrogen receptor were uniformly negative, but one tumor was positive for progesterone receptors. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis for SDC is dismal, and clinically useful prognostic factors were not found. Our results do not confirm hormonal concordance between SDC and breast carcinoma. Cancer 1996;77:223-30.