cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B73: Tumor-associated pancreatic metaplasia assumes a biliary duct-like phenotype.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) manifests as a highly lethal disease due to lack of early detection and effective therapeutics, making the study of initiating events invaluable. An elementary aberrant epithelial structure consistently associated with PDA development is the metaplastic duct, known to be dedifferentiated and hypothesized to be preneoplastic. Through lineage tracing and immunohistochemical analysis we have determined that pancreatic ductal metaplasia derives in part from acinar cells but assumes characteristics of the developmentally related biliary “duct gland.” Previously shown to be a source of progenitor/stem cells for the liver, bile duct, and pancreas, as well as a potential source of pancreatic disease, we find that duct glands are characteristic of the biliary tract but are absent in the normal murine pancreatic duct. Consistent with the assumption of a biliary phenotype, pancreatic metaplasia expresses PDX1+/Sox17+ reminiscent of the pancreatobiliary progenitor cell. In addition, pancreatic metaplasia is consistently associated with the presence of tuft cells, another characteristic of normal bile duct glands, but not of the normal murine pancreas. Found throughout the hollow organs of the digestive and respiratory tracts, tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells (SCC) that make up the diffuse chemosensory system (DCS), expressing taste cell signaling components thought to sample the environment and respond with effectors. Tuft cells express differentiation markers of both inflammatory cells and neuronal cells, as well as stem cell markers DCLK1 and LGR5, suggesting a possible role as multipotent progenitor cells. In addition, tuft cells represent an abundant source of proinflammatory prostaglandins, as well as endorphins, with the potential to exacerbate, if not drive, the disease state. Tuft cells, in addition to a number of developmental factors, represent transdifferentiation of the diseased pancreatic epithelium to a glandular, biliary duct-like phenotype rather than direct derivation from the pancreatic duct, giving new insight into tumorigenesis and PDA development. Citation Format: Kathleen E. DelGiorno, Kenneth Takeuchi, Christopher Halbrook, Howard C. Crawford. Tumor-associated pancreatic metaplasia assumes a biliary duct-like phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B73.
Modification of a-Si(:H) by Thermally Generated Atomic Hydrogen: A Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study of Si Bond Breaking

We have applied real time spectroscopie ellipsometry (2.5≤h≤4.5 eV) to investigate in situ hydrogenation of thin film a-Si:H prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD. When a-Si:H is exposed to atomic H generated by a tungsten filament heated in H2, as many as ~5x1021 Si-Si bonds/cm3 can be converted to Si-H bonds in the top ~200 A of the film. We have determined the spectroscopie characteristics of Si-H bonds from optical to near-uv photon energies through an analysis of the changes in the dielectric function of the near-surface of the film upon hydrogenation. The conversion of Si-Si bonds to Si-H bonds is identified as reaction-limited to a depth of ~500 A. We find that a surface oxide a few monolayers in thickness acts as an effective diffusion barrier to H-incorporation.
Flow and far field acoustic amplification properties of heated and unheated jets

The interaction of an acoustic pulse with the experimentally determined mean flow field of a spreading jet is simulated numerically. The simulation is obtained through solving the Euler equations linearized about the spreading jet. The model reveals a small, sustained oscillation long after the original pulse has passed. This remnant is considered a continual shedding of vortices from the nozzle lip, together with the generation of acoustic ripples. IT is shown that the jet also acts as an amplifier of sound. This amplification is traced to the jet's stability characteristics. It is demonstrated that some of the observed differences in the spectra of heated and unheated jets can be attributed to differences in the stability characteristics of the jets.
Equation of State of He 3 Close to the Critical Point

We present measurements of the equation of state of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ with an impurity of 250 ppm ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ near the critical point. In these experiments the density is measured by a dielectric-constant technique. The density cell is a horizontal capacitor to reduce the gravitational effects. The temperature gradient between the cell and 4 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K occurs along a horizontal capillary. The results are analyzed in terms of the critical exponents which are found to have values similar to those of other simple fluids. From the coexistence curve and the compressibility on the critical isochore above ${T}_{c}$, we get $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.361$, $B=1.31$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.18$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=2.48\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{Torr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${T}_{c}=3.3105$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}=0.04145$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, and ${P}_{c}=860.5$ Torr. From the compressibility along the coexistence curve, we obtain ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1.12$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=6.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{Torr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for both the liquid and the vapor sides. An analysis of the critical isotherm using the conjugate variables $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ gives $\ensuremath{\delta}=4.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ and $\ensuremath{\nabla}=2.77$. The critical isobar gives the exponents ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{+}(\ensuremath{\rho}g{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})=4.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{\ensuremath{-}}(\ensuremath{\rho}l{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})=4.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$. The study of the critical isochore shows $\frac{{d}^{2}P}{d{T}^{2}}$ to be always positive. Combination of these data with specific-heat results by Moldover indicate no discontinuity in $\frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\mu}}{d{T}^{2}}$ within experimental error. We find at the critical point ${({P}_{c}{V}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}1} \frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\mu}}{d{T}^{2}}=\ensuremath{-}0.22$ ${(\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\mathrm{K})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The isotherms expressed by the conjugate variables $\ensuremath{\mu}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ are fitted to the scaling equation of state proposed by Missoni et al. A good fit was obtained with the following parameters: ${E}_{1}=2.53$, ${E}_{2}=0.44$, $\ensuremath{\delta}=4.23$, ${x}_{0}=0.475$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.17$. Results of a less extensive study of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ with an impurity of 10 ppm are presented. They give critical indices and ${P}_{c}$, ${T}_{c}$, and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ in substantial agreement with the less pure ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. A comparison of the present data with previous work is presented.
DOES HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION CONTRIBUTE TO GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Helicobacter pylori organisms that infect the stomach conceivably could contribute to esophageal inflammation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) through any of at least three potential mechanisms: 1) by causing an increase in gastric acid secretion; 2) by spreading to infect the gastric-type columnar epithelium that occasionally can line the distal esophagus; and/or 3) by secreting noxious bacterial products into the gastric juice. Studies regarding these potential mechanisms are discussed in this report. Most investigations have found no apparent association between H. pylori infection and reflux esophagitis. Presently, infection with H. pylori does not appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GERD.
A new composite cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells with zirconia-based electrolytes

Abstract Improving the electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials is vitally important to achieve practically meaningful performance for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The present work develops a composite cathode consisting of an electronic conductor Sr-doped LaMnO 3 (LSM) and an ionic conductor Y- and Ce- co-doped Bi 2 O 3 (BYC7). BYC7 is an excellent oxide-ion conductor, exhibiting a high and stable ionic conductivity of 0.008 S cm −1 at 500 °C. The polarization resistance of LSM-BYC7 cathode in a symmetrical cell with doped ZrO 2 as electrolyte varies from 5.76 at 500 °C to 0.25 Ω cm 2 at 650 °C. The surface diffusion and charge transfer at the triple phase boundaries are the rate determining steps based on the dependence of polarization resistance on partial pressure of oxygen. The maximum power density of a ZrO 2 -based anode-supported cell with LSM-BYC7 composite cathode is 56.4, 154.6, 327.9, and 451.0 mW cm −2 at 500, 550, 600, and 650 °C respectively. AC impedance analysis reveals that the performance of IT-SOFC prepared in this study is actually limited by the anode, not by LSM-BYC7 cathode.
Primary Platelet Disorders

Abstract Platelet disorders including thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis are associated with higher risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes through several mechanisms including increased platelet production, dysfunctional platelets, or autoimmune conditions. Evaluation of platelet disorders requires objective clinical assessment of bleeding or clotting history, physical examination, and quantifiable and qualitative laboratory investigations. In this chapter, we review various disorders of platelet functions associated with cerebral vascular events, and discuss diagnostic approaches and treatment options.
Exploiting Homologous Recombination Deficiency in TNBC

Since the identification of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes over two decades ago, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the role of defective DNA repair in the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we discuss the significance of recent advances in our understanding of homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, emerging HR deficiency biomarkers, and novel clinical approaches for exploiting HR deficiency in TNBC. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have implicated homologous recombination (HR) pathway defects as viable targets in TNBC. New treatment strategies have emerged to exploit defective HR pathways, including platinum salts and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Early clinical experience with these agents has been promising, though response rates are variable and resistance through a variety of mechanisms can occur. Platforms to identify signatures of HR deficiency have gained increased attention and are being investigated as a tool for guiding treatment selection. While a HR-deficient phenotype is increasingly recognized as being present in a significant portion of TNBCs, it is only recently that these advances are beginning to be translated into the clinical setting. Clinical studies are ongoing that will help to define the role of therapies targeting defective DNA repair pathways and biomarkers of HR deficiency in TNBC.
Lost in Transition: Youth, Work, and Instability in Postindustrial Japan

1. The lost generation 2. The historical roots of Japanese school-work institutions 3. The importance of ba, the erosion of ba 4. Unraveling school-employer relationships 5. Networks of advantage and disadvantage for new graduates 6. Narratives of the new mobility 7. The future of the lost generation.
Electrocochleography summating potential seen on auditory brainstem response in a case of superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

BACKGROUND Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) is a condition in which an abnormal communication between the superior semicircular canal and the middle cranial fossa causes patients to hear internal noises transmitted loudly to their affected ear as well as to experience vertigo with pressure changes or loud sounds. Patients with SCDS can have an elevated ratio of summating potential (SP) to action potential (AP) as measured by electrocochleography (ECochG). Changes in this ratio have been observed during surgical intervention to correct this abnormal communication. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a case of SCDS along with history, physical examination, vestibular function testing, and computed tomography imaging. Due to the disabling symptoms, the patient elected to undergo surgery for plugging of the superior semicircular canal by middle cranial fossa approach. Simultaneous intraoperative ECochG and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were performed. Changes in SP/AP ratio, SP amplitude, and ABR wave I latency were observed during surgery, with a large ECochG SP amplitude generating a new wave, identifiable on the ABR and preceding the traditional wave I. The patient's symptoms resolved after surgery, and no long-term detriment to hearing was observed. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates the intraoperative changes in ECochG during surgery for repair of a SCDS. The substantial intraoperative changes in the summating potential can create a novel wave on intraoperative ABR.
Lateral water flux in the unsaturated zone: A mechanism for the formation of spatial soil heterogeneity in a headwater catchment

Measurements of soil water potential and water table fluctuations suggest that morphologically distinct soils in a headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire formed as a result of variations in saturated and unsaturated hydrologic fluxes in the mineral soil. Previous work showed that each group of these soils had distinct water table fluctuations in response to precipitation; however, observed variations in soil morphology also occurred above the maximum height of observed saturation. Variations in unsaturated fluxes have been hypothesized to explain differences in soil horizon thickness and presence/absence of specific horizons, but have not been investigated explicitly. We examined tensiometer and shallow groundwater well records to identify differences in unsaturated water fluxes among podzols that show distinct morphological and chemical differences. The lack of vertical hydraulic gradients at the study sites suggests that lateral unsaturated flow occurs in several of the soil units. We propose that the variations in soil horizon thickness and presence/absence observed at the site are due in part to slope-parallel water flux in the unsaturated portion of the solum. In addition, unsaturated flow may be involved in the translocation of spodic material that primes those areas to contribute water with distinct chemistry to the stream network and represents a potential source/sink of organometallic compounds in the landscape.
Goldilocks Dilemma of Dose Titration in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Too Little, Too Much, or Just Right?

See Article by Khan et al Medication optimization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is hard work. For a patient recently diagnosed with HFrEF, the number of available therapies has become dizzying. Medications include β-blockers (BB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) with added neprilysin inhibitor, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate, and ivabradine; this in addition to decongestion with loop diuretics, implantation of devices, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, management of comorbidities, and education of both patients and care providers.1 Recognizing the possible deleterious acute effects of many of these medications, clinical practice guidelines suggest staggered initiation of HFrEF medications, beginning at a low dose for each drug and then slowly increasing to maximum doses targeted in randomized controlled trials. Even with vigilant serial adjustments at 2-week intervals, medication intensification usually takes 3 to 6 months. Meanwhile, frequent monitoring for symptoms, hypotension, and renal dysfunction is needed. Within this context, it is not surprising that up to 80% of patients with HFrEF receive less than recommended doses.2 View this table: Table. Principles of HFrEF Medication Dose Titration Although dose maximization is ingrained in chronic ambulatory HFrEF care, the data behind it is surprisingly limited. Do BB improve outcomes in patients with HFrEF? Unequivocally yes. Do higher doses of BB improve outcomes more than lower doses of BB in patients …
Safety of rhythm control and cardioversion for patients with recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation in the absence of anticoagulation following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion

For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and contraindication to anticoagulation, percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (pLAAO) followed by immediate antiplatelet therapy is a proposed method to reduce both stroke (CVA) and hemorrhagic complications. In such patients who have undergone
The Distribution of the Sum of Signed Ranks

We describe the calculation of the distribution of the sum of signed ranks and develop an exact recursive algorithm for the distribution as well as an approximation of the distribution using the no...
Representative Fashion Feature Extraction by Leveraging Weakly Annotated Online Resources

We propose a method to extract representative features for fashion analysis by utilizing weakly annotated online fashion images in this work. The proposed system consists of two stages. In the first stage, we attempt to detect clothing items in a fashion image: the top clothes (t), bottom clothes (b) and one-pieces (o). In the second stage, we extract discriminative features from detected regions for various applications of interest. Unlike previous work that heavily relies on well-annotated fashion data, we propose a way to collect fashion images from online resources and conduct automatic annotation on them. Based on this methodology, we create a new fashion dataset, called the Web Attributes, to train our feature extractor. It is shown by experiments that extracted regional features can capture local characteristics of fashion images well and offer better performance than previous works.
Personal Informatics in Interpersonal Contexts: Towards the Design of Technology that Supports the Social Ecologies of Long-Term Mental Health Management

Personal informatics systems for supporting health largely grew out of a "self"-centric orientation: self-tracking, self-reflection, self-knowledge, self-experimentation, self-improvement. Health management, however, even when self-driven, is inherently social and depends on a person's direct relationships and broader sociocultural contexts, as an emerging line of research is coming to recognize, study, and support. This is particularly true in the case of mental health. In this paper, we engage with individuals managing the serious mental illness bipolar disorder and members of their support circles to (a) identify key social relations and the roles they play in condition management, (b) characterize patients' complex interactions with these relations (e.g., positive or negative, direct or peripheral, steady or unstable), and (c) understand how personal informatics mediates these recovery relations. Based on these insights, we offer a model of this social ecology, along with design implications for personal informatics systems that are sensitive to these interpersonal contexts.
Equity, inclusion, and antiblackness in mathematics education

Despite decades of equity- and inclusion-oriented discourse and reform in mathematics education, Black learners in the U.S. continue to experience dehumanizing and violent forms of mathematics educ...
Modeling subgrid-scale topographic effects on shallow marsh hydrodynamics and salinity transport

Abstract A 2D depth-integrated subgrid hydrodynamic model (FrehdC) is designed to simulate effects of subgrid-scale topography on flow and scalar transport in shallow coastal marshes using computationally-efficient grid cells that are coarser than many of the channelized paths through the marsh. The subgrid-scale topography is parametrized into four depth-dependent variables (subgrid cell volume and three subgrid face areas) that characterize the high-resolution features of coarse grid cells. These variables are pre-stored in a table and embedded into the governing equations as model inputs to scale cell storage, mass and momentum fluxes across cell faces. A block-checking procedure is designed to automatically preserve high-resolution surface connectivity during grid-coarsening. By testing on both synthetic domain and real marshes, this new model is able to approximate fine-grid simulation results of surface elevation, inundation area, flow rate and salinity with less computational cost.
Spray mixture pH as affected by dicamba, glyphosate, and spray additives

The pH of spray mixtures is an important attribute that affects dicamba volatility under field conditions. This report examined the effect of different components added to water sources that ranged in initial pH from 4.6 to 8.4. Commercial products were used, which include formulations of dicamba, glyphosate, the drift retardant Intact, ammonium sulfate (AMS), and several pH modifiers. Adding BAPMA salt of dicamba always increased the mixture pH, whereas diglycolamine + VaporGrip® (DGA+VG) had a mixed response. The addition of AMS decreased pH slightly (usually <0.5 pH unit), whereas the addition of potassium salt of glyphosate (GLY-K) always decreased the measured pH (from 1.0 to 2.1 pH units). A substantial pH change could have profound effects on dicamba volatility. Moreover, the 1.0 to 2.1 pH units would not be consistent with the registrant's report stating that GLY-K decreased mixtures with DGA+VG pH by only 0.2 to 0.3 units. The drift retardant Intact had no effect on pH. There was no difference in resultant pH when comparing K salt and isopropylamine (IPA) salts of glyphosate. Spray carrier volume, ranging from 94 to 187 L ha-1, had only a minor effect on measured pH after the addition of various spray components. The addition of selected pH modifiers raised the pH above 5.0, which is a critical value according to the latest dicamba application labels. The order of mixing of various pH modifiers, including AMS, had only limited effect on measured spray solution pH.Nomenclature: Ammonium sulfate (AMS); N,N-Bis-(3aminopropyl) methylamine salt (BAPMA Dicamba); diglycolamine (DGA); VaporGrip® (VG); potassium salt of glyphosate (K salt); isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (IPA).
Governing to Deliver Safe and Affordable Water: Perspectives from Urban Planning and Public Policy

Severe water stress is now a global crisis. The water crisis in Flint (Michigan), Toledo (Ohio), and Cape Town (South Africa) is a minutiae of the global water story: one in four of the world’s 500 largest cities is water stressed. By 2030, water stress will be the reality for almost half of the world’s population, which will force governments to spend around $200 billion annually to mitigate this stress. Apart from its public health and economic implications, water stress presents untold geopolitical ramifications. Mark Twain rightly opined, “whisky is for drinking; water is for fighting over.” Globally, water wars are expected to further complicate the existing tensions in conflict regions in the Middle East and South Asia. This chapter provides an understanding of the threats facing our common water future.
Anomaly Proposal-Based Fire Detection for Cyber-Physical Systems

Real-time fire detection systems are important and complex examples of Cyber-Physical Systems can be developed to optimize an escape route in an emergency for humans, with respect to the distance to exits. Various fire detection techniques have been introduced including traditional sensor detection to advanced deep learning-based techniques. However, only a handful of deep learning-based approaches aim to address real-time fire detection, and fire perception inefficiency should be crucial for early detection of fire. In this paper, a multi-stage architecture is proposed with two modules - a convolutional autoencoder module to extract anomaly region proposals and a convolutional neural network classifier to select the region proposals. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed architecture are confirmed experimentally. By focusing more on surveillance cameras, the presented system is suitable for a real-time fire detection system.
genetic and clinical advances in Wiskott-aldrich syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an immunodeficiency associated with thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, eczema, and a predisposition to malignancy. Until this past year, the genetic defect was unknown, and our understanding of the disease was limited to defining the aberrant immunologic and hematologic functions in these patients. The identification of the genetic defect has already improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disease and has already resulted in the development of a more widely applicable prenatal diagnostic test. Other important developments this past year include the development of a diagnostic assay that should simplify the identification of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients and a retrospective review that characterizes the natural history of the disease.
Care packages for the bone marrow

Platelets secrete extracellular vesicles that can traffic to the bone marrow and stimulate megakaryopoiesis.
Role of hydrogen peroxide injection for penetrating abdominal injury in creating CT Tractogram

Abstract Penetrating abdominal trauma is responsible for approximately 35% of patients admitted to urban trauma centers, and up to 12% of those admitted in suburban or rural centers in the United States. Current protocol relies heavily on CT imaging as the diagnostic tool in evaluating for peritoneal violation in hemodynamically stable patients, however it is associated with false negative rates. In addition, visualization of the fascia of the rectus abdominis, the transversalis fascia, and the peritoneum cannot be reliably identified with CT. Studies have probed into the use of injecting IV contrast dyes prior to imaging to establish a CT tractography. We present a case of a 31-year-old male presenting to the emergency department for evaluation of stab wounds following an altercation. On exam, a 1 cm penetrating wound to the LUQ of his abdomen was noted. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed with 91 mL of Omnipaque-350 intravenous contrast. Prior to imaging, 30 mL of hydrogen peroxide was injected directly into the opening site of the stab wound to amplify the wound tract. The result was a well-visualized intact peritoneum. We propose hydrogen peroxide as an alternative method to liquid contrast in reestablishing the stab wound tract. This method creates a negative contrast level to augment the ability of CT imaging to determine peritoneal penetration. Key Words: Penetrating Abdominal Injury, CT Tractography, Abdominal Trauma, Hydrogen Peroxide, Trauma Management.
A binary-activation, multi-level weight RNN and training algorithm for ADC-/DAC-free and noise-resilient processing-in-memory inference with eNVM

We propose a new algorithm for training neural networks with binary activations and multi-level weights, which enables efficient processing-in-memory circuits with embedded nonvolatile memories (eNVM). Binary activations obviate costly DACs and ADCs. Multi-level weights leverage multi-level eNVM cells. Compared to existing algorithms, our method not only works for feed-forward networks (e.g., fully-connected and convolutional), but also achieves higher accuracy and noise resilience for recurrent networks. In particular, we present an RNN-based trigger-word detection PIM accelerator, with detailed hardware noise models and circuit co-design techniques, and validate our algorithm's high inference accuracy and robustness against a variety of real hardware non-idealities.
Heterotopic ossification formation after fractures about the elbow.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known sequela after an elbow injury and is widely studied given the associated morbidity. The anatomic location of HO development for specific elbow injuries has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the precise, anatomic location of HO development after different peri-articular elbow injuries. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with peri-articular elbow fracture and/or dislocation who underwent an elbow contracture release. The injuries were grouped into coronal shear distal humerus/AO 13.B3 (CSDH), distal humerus/AO 13.A, 13.B1, B2 or 13.C (DH), olecranon/AO 21.B1 (OL), radial head/AO 21.B2 (RH), extra-articular proximal radius and ulna/AO 21.A (EAPRU) fractures and elbow dislocations (DL). The HO location was determined by reviewing elbow radiographs and CT scans and were classified as anterior capsule, medial or lateral collateral ligaments, and posterior capsule/triceps insertion. The study consisted of 49 patients, such as 6 CSDH, 13 DH, 6 OL, 21 RH, 4 EAPRU fractures and 20 elbow DL. All CSDH and RH fractures and 19/20 elbow DL developed HO in the collateral ligaments, while 12/13 DH fractures developed an anterior capsule HO. All 6 OL fractures developed HO posteriorly, and 3/4 EAPRU fractures developed a proximal radioulnar synostosis. Our findings suggest that the location of HO development is specific to the injury type and is influenced by the soft tissues involved. This is consistent with the understanding that HO is the abnormal ossification of normal structures.
Analysis of Economic Loss of Voltage Sag Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

In order to further simplify the process of economic loss assessment of voltage sag and improvethe applicability and accuracy of economic loss prediction, an estimation model based on DBN-DNN for economic loss caused by voltage sag is proposed. The characteristic factors affecting theeconomic loss of voltage sag are analyzed The 19-dimensional feature vectors are extracted from the saginformation, industrial process information, sensitive equipment information and users’ basic information asinput vectors of DBN-DNN prediction model, and the economic loss results are taken as output. Finally, the DBN-DNN model is trained and evaluated based on the actual voltage sag sampling data of alarge electronic industry enterprise in China, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Admission NT-proBNP and outcomes in patients without history of heart failure hospitalized with COVID-19.

Aims We examined the value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients admitted for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without prior history of heart failure (HF) or cardiomyopathy. Methods and results Retrospective cohort of consecutive adults (N = 679; median age 59 years; 38.7% women; 87.5% White; 7.1% Black; 5.4% Asian; 34.3% Hispanic) admitted with documented COVID-19 in an academic centre in Long Island, NY. Admission NT-proBNP was categorized using the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association age-specific criteria for acute presentations. We examined (i) mortality and the composite of death or mechanical ventilation and (ii) out-of-hospital, intensive care unit (ICU)-free, and ventilator-free days at 28 days. Estimates were adjusted for confounders using a lasso selection process. Using age-specific criteria, 417 patients (61.4%) had low, 141 (20.8%) borderline, and 121 (17.8%) high NT-proBNP. Mortality was 5.8%, 20.6%, and 36.4% for patients with low, borderline, and high NT-proBNP, respectively. In lasso-adjusted models, high NT-proBNP was associated with higher mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-4.39; P = 0.034] and composite endpoint rates (HR 1.66; 95%CI 1.04-2.66; P = 0.035). Patients with high NT-proBNP had 32%, 33%, and 33% fewer out-of-hospital, ICU-free, and ventilator-free days compared with low NT-proBNP counterparts. Results were consistent across age, sex, and race, and regardless of coronary artery disease or hypertension, except for stronger mortality signal with high NT-proBNP in women. Conclusions In patients with COVID-19 and no HF history, high admission NT-proBNP is associated with higher mortality and healthcare resources utilization. Preventive strategies may be required for these patients.
Congenital Heart Disease Management in Trisomy 13 and 18: A Survey of Pediatric Cardiology Providers

Purpose: During the past decade, the care of patients with Trisomy 13 (T13) and Trisomy 18 (T18) has continued to evolve, with trends in the literature indicating that intervention for these patients remains controversial but is increasingly considered. Studies, limited by small sample size, selection bias, and intent to treat, have found conflicting evidence as to whether procedural management of cardiac defects in patients with T13 and T18 improves survival time. Best practices for these patients are not well defined, and the aim of this work is …
Retail Marketing Industry Comeback Post Pandemic

The retail industry has had a topsy-turvy journey in the past decade. Shoppers have developed a fondness for online shopping and two-day shipping, and this has caused a serious downfall to many retail stores already. Add to that, the global pandemic that encapsulated the entire world for a little over a year, and many retail businesses, that were already in trouble, were never able to recover from the devastation.
Structure and Assembly of the Most Massive Galaxies Present at z ∼ 2 − 3

We present our results on the structure and activity of massive galaxies at \(z = 1 - 3\) using one of the largest (166 with M ⋆ ≥ 5 × 1010 M ⊙) and most diverse samples of massive galaxies derived from the GOODS-NICMOS survey: (1) Sersic fits to deep NIC3 F160W images indicate that the rest-frame optical structures of massive galaxies are very different at \(z = 2 - 3\) compared to z ∼ 0. Approximately 40 % of massive galaxies are ultra-compact (r e ≤ 2 kpc), compared to less than 1 % at z ∼ 0. Furthermore, most ( ∼ 65 %) systems at \(z = 2 - 3\) have a low Sersic index n ≤ 2, compared to ∼ 13 % at z ∼ 0. We present evidence that the n ≤ 2 systems at \(z = 2 - 3\) likely contain prominent disks, unlike most massive z ∼ 0 systems. (2) There is a correlation between structure and star formation rates (SFR). The majority ( ∼ 85 %) of non-AGN massive galaxies at \(z = 2 - 3\), with SFR high enough to yield a 5σ (30 μJy) 24 μm Spitzer detection have low n ≤ 2. Such n ≤ 2 systems host the highest SFR. (3) The frequency of AGN is ∼ 40 % at \(z = 2 - 3\). Most ( ∼ 65 %) AGN hosts have disky (n ≤ 2) morphologies. Ultra-compact galaxies appear quiescent in terms of both AGN activity and star formation. (4) Large stellar surface densities imply massive galaxies at \(z = 2 - 3\) formed via rapid, highly dissipative events at z > 2. The large fraction of n ≤ 2 disky systems suggests cold mode accretion complements gas-rich major mergers at z > 2. In order for massive galaxies at \(z = 2 - 3\) to evolve into present-day massive E/S0s, they need to significantly increase (n, r e ). Dry minor and major mergers may play an important role in this process.
Real time three-dimensional echocardiography and endovascular stenting.

A 52-year-old male with HIV and chronic renal failure presented with 2-day history of fever and chills. He had recent superior vena cava (SVC) stent placement for SVC stenosis following multiple dialysis-catheter insertions. Patient's blood cultures grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography showed no vegetations. With high clinical suspicion, 2D transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was obtained and confi rmed no endocarditis and patent stent at SVC right atrial junction; however, entire stent was not visualized. Simultaneous three-dimensional TEE provided superior views of SVC stent in cross-sectional and longitudinal planes, clearly demonstrating patent stent without vegetations, stenosis, migration, or thrombosis.
Public Perceptions of Federal Agencies that Conduct Climate Change Research

This report contains results from a nationally representative survey of American adults conducted in April and May 2012. The survey examined public beliefs about federal agencies that are engaged in climate change research, and assessed which agencies the public looks to for answers to their questions on the issue. Furthermore, participants visited NASA’s climate change website.
The Deadly Emotions: The Role of Anger, Hostility, and Aggression in Health and Emotional Well-Being

Introduction Anger, Hostility, and Aggression: The AHA! Syndrome The Role of the AHA! Syndrome in Health and Psychological Well-being Cardiovascular Disease and the AHA! Syndrome Cancer, Ulcers, Smoking, and Psoriasis Fighting and Loving--"Seeing Black and Blue" Gender and Ethnic Differences in the Experience and Expression of Anger Regulating Anger and Other Exaggerated Emotional Responses to Stress Appendices: The Elements of Anger and Situational Determinants of Anger Take Your Temper Test Anger Coping Styles Assessment Appendix Bibliography Index
The approximate functional formula for the theta function and Diophantine Gauss sums

We cc)nsider the polygonal lines in the complex plane C whose Nth vertex is defined by Sy = EN _o exp(iw7rn2) (with w C R), where the prime means that the first and last terms in the sum are halved. By introducing the discrete curvature of the polygonal line, and by exploiting the similarity of segments of the line, for small w, to Cornu spirals (C-spirals), we prove the precise renormalization formula (1) E exp(iav7rk2) X E exp( i-k2) w where N-[[n/w)g, the nearest integer to n/w and 1 < C < 3.14 . This formula, which sharpens Hardy and Littlewood's approximate functional formula for the theta function, generalizes to irrationals, as ab Diophantine inequality, the well-known sum formula of Gauss. The geometrica:l meaning of the relation between the two limits is that the first sum is taken to a point of inflection of the corresponding C-spirals. The second sum replaces whole C-spirals of the first by unit vectors times scale and phase factors. The block renormalization procedure implied by this replacement is governed by the circle map (2) w -1 (mod 2), w C ] --1,+1[ \{0}, w whose orbits are analyzed by expressing w as an even continued fraction.
Evolutionary ecology of microorganisms: from the tamed to the wild

An overarching goal of biology is to understand how evolutionary and ecological processes generate and maintain biodiversity. While evolutionary biologists interested in biodiversity tend to focus on the mechanisms controlling rates of evolution and how this influences the phylogenetic relationship among species, ecologists attempt to explain the distribution and abundance of taxa based upon interactions among species and their environment. Recently, a more concerted effort has been made to integrate some of the theoretical and empirical approaches from the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. This integration has been motivated in part by the growing evidence that evolution can happen on “rapid” or contemporary time scales, suggesting that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can alter system dynamics in ways that cannot be predicted based on ecological principles alone. As such, it may be inappropriate to ignore evolutionary processes when attempting to understand ecological phenomena in natural and managed ecosystems. In this chapter, we highlight why it is particularly important to consider eco-evolutionary feedbacks for microbial populations. We emphasize some of the major processes that are thought to influence the strength of eco-evolutionary dynamics, provide an overview of methods used to quantify the relative importance of ecology and evolution, and showcase the importance of considering evolution in a community context and how this may influence the dynamics and stability of microbial systems under novel environmental conditions.
The impact of jamming on threshold-based agreement in VANET

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) enables communication among vehicles (V2V) and vehicles to infrastructure (V2I). ITS safety applications are designed to increase road safety and to reduce accidents. The reliability of DSRC-based ITS safety applications is essential. Thus, improving resiliency against faults, and enhancing reliability, are primary goals. Research has shown that threshold-based agreement methods effectively reduce the impact of value faults through validating events, by receiving the Basic Safety Message (BSM) from multiple sources. Whereas previous work considered value faults, e.g., injection, data fabrication and sensor manipulation, it does not address the impact of omission faults and jamming. This paper investigates the impact of jamming on threshold-based agreement in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). It is shown that jamming drastically reduces the correctness of the voted upon decision. We consider the Emergency Electronic Brake Lights (EEBL) safety application, and demonstrate how jammer position and power affect the correctness of the decision. Furthermore we show how the number of vehicles impacts the correctness of decisions in the presence of jamming. Finally a new adaptive threshold algorithm is introduced that improves the resilience against jamming attacks compared to algorithms presented in previous research.
Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Efficiency Estimation

Theoretically, a production function gives the maximum possible output with a given set of inputs. This is different from its common regression counterpart, which specifies the conditional mean of output. The production function defines a boundary or “frontier”, deviations from which can be interpreted as inefficiency. The econometrics of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) provides techniques for modelling the frontier concept within a regression framework so that inefficiency can be estimated. Obviously, the notion of a frontier can be extended to other representations of technology. Further, with behavioral assumptions like cost minimization, allocative inefficiency can be distinguished from the technical errors. We discuss ways to make this distinction empirically, but in this chapter we concentrate primarily on the estimation of production frontiers and measures of technical inefficiency relative to them. The literature on SFA is now roughly 30 years old and surveys have appeared periodically (Forsund, Lovell and Schmidt (1980), Schmidt (1985–86), Lovell and Schmidt (1988), Bauer (1990) and Greene (1993)). In addition, the literature has been given a textbook treatment by Kumbhakar and Lovell (2000). Aside from reviewing recent advances in SFA, this chapter differs from the earlier surveys in its focus on the use of panel data and attention to questions of econometric and statistical detail. In general, the frontier specifications we consider are variants of the general panel-data regression model:
Scattering and depolarization of electromagnetic waves by a horizontally weakly inhomogeneous medium

A general theory of wave scattering from a weakly inhomogeneous medium is developed for the case where the inhomogeneity varies parallel to the boundary plane. The method of small perturbation is used and terms are carried up to and including the second order. It is found that the scattered waves are depolarized and present in all directions. In the special case of forward- or backscattering the depolarized fields are of the second order and are seen to result from a multiple scattering process; while in other directions, these fields could be of the first order, and result from a single scattering process.
Hurricane season could be active

Storm activity during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season likely will be above average, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration noted on 19 May. The outlook could include 11 to 15 tropical storms, as well as 6 to 9 hurricanes, of which 2 to 4 could be classified as major hurricanes rated as category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Computers in the Cop Car: Impact of the Mobile Digital Terminal Technology on Motor Vehicle Theft Clearance and Recovery Rates in a Texas City.

As computer technologies continue to evolve, more attention should be directed to an evaluation of technologies used in police agencies. One is the mobile digital terminal (MDT)—the "computer in a cop car." Using MDTs, patrol officers communicate directly with remote crime information data bases. Proponents argue MDTs help officers increase incident clearance rates and help recover stolen property. An opportunity to evaluate use of MDTs exists in Fort Worth, Texas. The police department implemented an MDT system in 1985, arguing MDTs would improve crime-fighting capabilities, particularly in vehicle theft clearances and recoveries. An interrupted time series design is used to assess the extent to which this has occurred Implemen tation of MDTs is treated as the intervention, and an analysis of clearance and recovery rates before and after intervention is conducted. Datafrom monthly reports of motor vehicle thefts, clearances, and recovery rates from 1980 to 1990 are examined, modeled using ARIMA or regres...
Testing aluminum-chelate equilibria models using sorghum root growth as a bioassay for aluminum

Aluminum toxicity is an important limitation to crop yields in the acid soils of southeastern U. S. and other parts of the world due to its detrimental effects on roots. Soluble organics in soil solution ameliorate Al toxicity, a phenomenon which can be studied employing synthetic chelates. Theoretical models predict that Al will be complexed on nearly a one to one molar basis by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) at toxic pH levels found in acid soils (4.0 to 4.5). A series of growth chamber experiments were conducted with NTA at various Al and pH levels to test equilibrium models using sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as a bioassay for the uncomplexed Al. At pH 3.5 neither Al nor NTA affected root growth which was very poor, probably because of H+ toxicity. At pH 4.0 and 4.5 root growth was reduced by Al levels, and NTA ameliorated toxicity as predicted by the theoretical model. Root length was reduced at pH 4.0 relative to pH 4.5 indicating that H+ ion was toxic at pH 4.0. The bioassay method was successful in confirming the model for Al-chelate equilibria for NTA. Differential pulse polarography was found to be sensitive to the uncomplexed Al and may have potential in determining toxic Al in soil solution.
A closed pelvic fracture from wheels-in-line skating

Wheels-in-line skating is the fastest growing recreational sport in the United States. An estimated 105,000 in-line skating injuries received treatment in emergency departments in 1995. This article reports an unusual in-line skating injury: a closed pelvic fracture requiring hospitalization. More commonly encountered injuries are also reviewed. Although there is increasing evidence that in-line skating is associated with a significant number of injuries, protective gear remains greatly underused. It is prudent to promote the use of protective gear, which should include a helmet, wrist guards, and knee and elbow protectors.
Matrix perturbation analysis of local tangent space alignment

Abstract We consider the performance of Local Tangent Space Alignment (Zhang & Zha [1]), one of several manifold learning algorithms, which have been proposed as a dimension reduction method. Matrix perturbation theory is applied to obtain a worst-case upper bound on the angle between the computed linear invariant subspace and the linear invariant subspace that is associated with the embedded intrinsic parametrization. Our result is the first performance bound that has been derived.