cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved medical care for the elderly: Intervening in medical education

It is the premise of this paper that certain instructional interventions in the medical school behavioral science curriculum will eventually improve the health care received by elderly patients. Four content areas for such intervention are reviewed: patient adherence to medication regimens, risk and management of psychosocial stress, responses to chronic illness, and doctor-patient communication patterns. The final section describes research that supports the long-term efficacy of such curricular interventions.
Decrease in Numbers of Mouse Spleen Nodules with Time Post-Irradiation.∗

ConclusionThe experiments discussed above serve to illustrate the fact that decreases in numbers of nodules can occur following irradiation of mice either a) to the whole body, or b) with the tail shielded. The phenomenon is as yet unexplained, and there is little evidence to indicate the nature of concomitant events at the cellular level.These findings might conceivably be related to the “abortive rise” in numbers of cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood, seen following whole-body irradiation of mammals(5). The abortive rise is thought to be an expression of cellular radiation damage. As such, it might be related to the decrease found with endogenous nodules, but not to that found with tail shielding, in which case the nodules arise principally from cells in the shielded tail.A second effect, which suggests itself as being relevant because of its resemblance to the slow growth found in endogenous nodules, is the “small colony formation” reported by Sinclair(6) for cultures of heavily irradiated mamma...
Accommodation of the sex-ratio in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica to variation in growth and mortality across the estuarine salinity gradient

Protandric oysters generate a relatively uniform reproductive potential over a wide range of environmental conditions that impose variations in growth rate and life span. Sex-at-length keys applied to survey data show that the female fraction routinely fell between 0.4 and 0.5, regardless of location in the salinity gradient. About 70% of population biomass is female over the same salinity range. Due to the necessary local modulation of the rate of male-to-female conversion to limit the influence of varying growth and life span over the salinity gradient, the number of males always exceeds by a small amount the number of females; thus improving the likelihood of a female having neighbouring males, a necessity for an immobile broadcast spawner. However, oysters at the extremes of the estuarine gradient all yielded populations with divergent sex-ratios. One consequence of reduced generation time brought about by increased mortality from disease should be selection favouring the switch from male to female at smaller size, if disease mortality is strongly female-biased. The site with the longest record of high mortality manifests such an increase. Sites up coastal rivers, putative refuges from disease, harbour animals with the slowest male-to-female conversion rates. Arguably these animals are most similar to the ancestral oyster pre-disease. Marketed animals range from 62% to 69% female. The principal influence of the fishery, and of oyster disease, would seem to be a reduction in lifetime egg production. Dermo disease may have reduced lifetime fecundity of females by nearly a factor of four.
Computerized method for evaluating diagnostic image quality of calcified plaque images in cardiac CT: validation on a physical dynamic cardiac phantom.

Purpose: In cardiac computed tomography (CT), important clinical indices, such as the coronary calcium score and the percentage of coronary artery stenosis, are often adversely affected by motion artifacts. As a result, the expert observer must decide whether or not to use these indices during image interpretation. Computerized methods potentially can be used to assist in these decisions. In a previous study, an artificial neural network (ANN) regression model provided assessability (image quality) indices of calcified plaque images from the software NCAT phantom that were highly agreeable with those provided by expert observers. The method predicted assessability indices based on computer-extracted features of the plaque. In the current study, the ANN-predicted assessability indices were used to identify calcified plaque images with diagnostic calcium scores (based on mass) from a physical dynamic cardiac phantom. The basic assumption was that better quality images were associated with more accurate calcium scores. Methods: A 64-channel CT scanner was used to obtain 500 calcified plaque images from a physical dynamic cardiac phantom at different heart rates, cardiac phases, and plaque locations. Two expert observers independently provided separate sets of assessability indices for each of these images. Separate sets of ANN-predicted assessability indices tailored to each observer were then generated within the framework of a bootstrap resampling scheme. For each resampling iteration, the absolute calcium score error between the calcium scores of the motion-contaminated plaque image and its corresponding stationary image served as the ground truth in terms of indicating images with diagnostic calcium scores. The performances of the ANN-predicted and observer-assigned indices in identifying images with diagnostic calcium scores were then evaluated using ROC analysis. Results: Assessability indices provided by the first observer and the corresponding ANN performed similarly (AUCOBS1=0.80 [0.73,0.86] vs AUCANN1=0.88 [0.82,0.92]) as that of the second observer and the corresponding ANN (AUCOBS2=0.87 [0.83,0.91] vs AUCANN2=0.90 [0.85,0.94]). Moreover, the ANN-predicted indices were generated in a fraction of the time required to obtain the observer-assigned indices. Conclusions: ANN-predicted assessability indices performed similar to observer-assigned assessability indices in identifying images with diagnostic calcium scores from the physical dynamic cardiac phantom. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of using computerized methods for identifying images with diagnostic clinical indices in cardiac CT images.
Quality Assurance # Quality Improvement

The intent is not to be critical and the misconceptions are easy to understand. The verbiage related to QI and QA sound alike. Quality improvement is not an easy undertaking for any industry. Some industries have tried QI and failed, while others have tried with admirable successes (e.g., Ford, Florida Power and Light, Motorola). The undertaking of the successful programs has not been easy or painless. QI requires extensive education, change of management philosophy and re-evaluation of our organizational structure. For QA professionals this transition will not be easy or painless . We must first accept that the terminology sounds similar but that the definitions are different. We must accept that our prior processes are far from perfect and can improve. As QA professionals, we must accept that the time is here to learn and to improve. We must begin by improving those processes which we own. This effort must coincide with identification of our customers and implementing systematic mechanisms for identifying their needs and expectations. Through energy expenditure and analysis of data over time, we can improve our processes and ultimately improve the output of our efforts. Only after we have learned QI processes, practiced them through daily application, and improved them can we begin to think about applications of QI to clinical process. After we expend the energy to learn about QI and apply it daily, we will be among the informed. QA professionals must prepare for and learn to value this change. Quality improvement and its technology represents a concept which may truly improve America's healthcare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of new functions and scripting capabilities in JavaA-DSP for easy creation and seamless integration of animated DSP simulations in Web courses

Arizona State University (ASU) has developed an on-line DSP laboratory that is based on an object-oriented Java tool called Java Digital Signal Processing (J-DSP). J-DSP is currently being used in a senior-level DSP course at ASU. J-DSP has a rich suite of signal processing functions that facilitate interactive on-line simulations of modern statistical signal and spectral analysis algorithms, filter design tools, QMF banks, and speech analysis. We present a series of significant functionality extensions of J-DSP enabling on-line laboratories in the systems-related areas of communications, image processing, and control. The extensions in communications are presented in some detail. In addition to these important functionality extensions, we present enhancements in the infrastructure of J-DSP that provide embedded scripting capabilities. Scripts enable easy creation and seamless integration of interactive animations in DSP Web content. The latter is very important for instructors creating their own DSP-related Web courses as it provides for user-friendly development of interactive visualization modules through the J-DSP applets.
Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans.

Objective Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias.
Dual Energy: Urography

In recent years, developments in CT, especially the development of multi-detector CT (MDCT), have provided new and better tools for the evaluation of patients presenting with hematuria and flank pain. The ability of MDCT to provide rapid contiguous thin-slice imaging through the abdomen allowed for the development of CT urography (CTU) protocols for the detection of urolithiasis, renal masses and urothelial neoplasms such as transitional cell carcinoma.
Urban In/Justice

What makes a given urban element, in a given location, unjust, as opposed to merely unfortunate? What would injustice be like, in a literal sense?
Experience with Carbon Fiber Composite Limiter Tiles on TFTR

Carbon fiber composite (CFC) materials have been used as the plasma facing surface on limiters in TFTR since 1989. We changed from all POCO graphite tiles on the inner bumper limiter (BL) to about ...
Ciliated foregut cyst in the triangle of Calot: the first report

Ciliated foregut cysts are rare anomalies arising from remnants of aberrant embryological development. Around 100 reports on the presence of these congenital masses in the tracheobronchial tree, mediastinum, liver, pancreas and, rarely, the gallbladder have been described. In this article, the case of a 33-year-old woman, who was operated for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, is presented. During the dissection of the triangle of Calot, a cystic mass, attached to the common hepatic duct, was discovered incidentally. This cyst was dissected off the hepatic duct, and no communication between both structures was found. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with a ciliated foregut cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful. After reviewing the literature on this pathological entity, we found that this is the first report of a ciliated foregut cyst that is located in the triangle of Calot and found separate from the biliary structures, the gallbladder and the liver. We present a review of the literature on this entity, discussing diagnostic measures and therapeutic options.
THE ROAD TO RECOVERY: THE ROLE OF MARITAL STATUS AND LIVING CONDITION ON THE OUTCOMES OF AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH HEART FAILURE

African Americans (AA) are known to have the highest prevalence of heart failure (HF) (9.1/1000 person years). They tend to present at younger age and with poorer prognosis in relation to other ethnicities. Socioeconomic factors have been implicated to play a significant role in this disparity. This
Word order in a grammarless language: A 'small-data' information-theoretic approach.

David Gil has argued that Riau Indonesian (Sumatra. Indonesia) has no syntax, or at least not much. This controversial analysis undermines all current models of grammar, especially those describing acquisition and on-line processing. To test the strength of this analysis, we computed the information gain holding between unigram and bigram models of regular and randomized samples of English and Riau Indonesian. English samples were included as a relatively syntax-heavy baseline. We then correlated information gain values with language (English vs. Riau Indonesian), text type (original vs. randomized), and their interaction within a linear mixed-effects regression. The results suggest (a) that English and Riau Indonesian have the same amount of bigram informativity and (b) that randomization eliminates this effect in both languages. These findings do not support Gil’s syntax-free analysis; rather, they point to some kind of productive constraints on Riau Indonesian word order.
Role of the clinical dietitian. I. Ideal role perceived by dietitians and physicians.

What do physicians and dietitians, respectively, consider the functions and role of the dietitian to be?
Microsummarization of online reviews: an experimental study

Mobile and location-based social media applications provide platforms for users to share brief opinions about products, venues, and services. These quickly typed opinions, or micro-reviews, are a valuable source of current sentiment on a wide variety of subjects. However, there is currently little research on how to mine this information to present it back to users in easily consumable way. In this paper, we introduce the task of microsummarization, which combines sentiment analysis, summarization, and entity recognition in order to surface key content to users. We explore unsupervised and supervised methods for this task, and find we can reliably extract relevant entities and the sentiment targeted towards them using crowd-sourced labels as supervision. In an end-to-end evaluation, we find our best-performing system is vastly preferred by judges over a traditional extractive summarization approach. This work motivates an entirely new approach to summarization, incorporating both sentiment analysis and item extraction for modernized, at-a-glance presentation of public opinion.
Pelvic girdle mobility of cryptodire and pleurodire turtles during walking and swimming

Movements of the pelvic girdle facilitate terrestrial locomotor performance in a wide range of vertebrates by increasing hind limb excursion and stride length. The extent to which pelvic movements might contribute to limb excursion in turtles is unclear, because the bony shell surrounding the body presents a major obstacle to their visualization. In cryptodires, one of the two major lineages of turtles, pelvic anatomy indicates the potential for rotation inside the shell. However, in pleurodires, the other major lineage of turtles, the pelvis shows a derived fusion to the shell, likely preventing pelvic motion. In addition, most turtles use their hind limbs for propulsion during swimming as well as walking, and the different locomotor demands between water and land could lead to differences in the contributions of pelvic rotation to limb excursion in each habitat. To test these possibilities, we used X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) to compare pelvic mobility and femoral motion during walking and swimming between representative species of cryptodire (Pseudemys concinna) and pleurodire (Emydura subglobossa) turtles. We found that the pelvis yawed substantially in cryptodires during walking and, to a lesser extent, during swimming. These movements contributed to cryptodires having greater femoral protraction in both walking and swimming when compared to pleurodires, in which the pelvis was immobile. Though factors related to the origin of pelvic-shell fusion in pleurodires are debated, its implications for their locomotor function may contribute to the restriction of this group to primarily aquatic habits.
An Open-Source, Internet-of-Things Approach for Remote Sensing in Museums

There are many environmental monitoring challenges in cultural heritage requiring custom measurements that can be performed inconspicuously and viewed remotely. Here a flexible, inexpensive approach to wireless environmental monitoring is demonstrated, based on wireless sensor networks and an internet-of-things approach to the software architecture. The setup brings benefits such as remote logging and viewing of data on existing cloud services, low cost compared to commercial devices, customizability, and more user-friendliness than other similar devices. The approach is presented in the context of commercially available technology and relevant measurement problems within cultural heritage institutions and related cultural heritage research. The system's potential is demonstrated with an application monitoring light levels in a museum case, which is subject to permanent room lighting, motion-triggered lighting, and a skylight.
Assessing health trends of college students using smartphones

Health, fitness, and overall wellbeing of college students depend on a variety of factors and a greater understanding of these factors will ensure that health and wellness interventions directed at students are effective. The widespread use of smartphones provides an opportunity to continuously track students and assess their behaviors and habits, such as mobility trends, social interactions, and academic activities. In this work, we analyze data collected from almost 200 students over three semesters and examine how health and mobility habits differ between Spring semester and Fall semester and how they are impacted by academic and social events. Our analysis shows that social events such as football games increase the students' mobility, but also decrease their usage of athletic facilities. In our study, students are significantly less mobile during the Spring semester compared to the Fall semester and their visits to athletic and spiritual places reduce significantly during exam times. Students' mobility is positively correlated with social event count; however, visits to athletic places are negatively correlated with event count and evening events have the strongest correlation with both mobility and visits to athletic places. These findings will provide useful guidelines for the design of interventions that aim to increase students' mobility and healthy choices during times when attention to health and wellness may suffer otherwise.
Angioedema: Perioperative management.

Objective:To describe the perioperative management of a patient with acquired angioedema (AAE).Methods:A 66-year-old Caucasian male presented from an outside hospital with a history of acquired ang...
Quanta image sensors (QIS) for low-light high speed imaging

Recent progress on the Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) is reported. A 1Mjot QIS operating at 1040 fps with 0.22e- rms read noise has been deomstrated in a 2-layer stacked backside-illuminated 65nm/45nm CMOS image sensor process.
The Use of the Woodchuck as an Animal Model for Evaluation of Transarterial Embolization.

Abstract There are many shortcomings of current animal models as surrogates of hepatocellular carcinoma that handicap preclinical testing of embolization agents. The present study explores the feasibility of using the woodchuck ( Marmota monax ) as an animal model for the testing of novel embolization agents. Four woodchucks underwent magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, and left lobar hepatic artery particle embolization. Percutaneous access, arteriography, and lobar embolization were successful in all animals, with angiographic stasis obtained in the target vessel with minimal reflux of embolic material. These results support the feasibility of the woodchuck as an animal model for preclinical testing of embolization agents.
Stroke Physician Training in China.

Rapid advances in stroke diagnostics and management, and gains in our knowledge of stroke pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and prevention, make it essential for physicians to develop specialized skills in all aspects of stroke care. It is no longer feasible for general physicians or even internists to address issues that can affect patient outcome, such as reperfusion assessment and decision making in acute ischemic stroke, optimal blood pressure management, selection of patients for anticoagulation or cardiac intervention, genetic aspects of stroke, interpretation of advanced neuroimaging findings, or the diagnosis and management of the not-so-uncommon causes of stroke, such as cerebral artery dissection, vasculitis, and Moyamoya disease. Expansion of stroke-related knowledge and therapeutics has led to the establishment of Vascular Neurology as a subspecialty within Neurology in United States.1 With the advent of new interventions, such as endovascular thrombectomy, stroke physicians are and will continue to be at the forefront of stroke care worldwide. The number of patients with stroke and stroke survivors in China has been growing rapidly. Stroke care has become a national priority in China. During the past few years, a dedicated stroke medical association (China Stroke Association), regional and national stroke meetings (such as Tiantan International Stroke Conference), and focused journals ( Stroke and Vascular Neurology ) have emerged. Chinese patients, general physicians, and even neurologists are now seeking the advice of physicians with specific training and expertise in stroke. Specialized training and certification of stroke physicians are clearly warranted. This article presents information about the current demand from stroke burden in China and its organizational care, details of stroke-related medical education, and the future direction of stroke physician training in China. In 2013, there were ≈2.4 million new patients with stroke and 11.1 million stroke survivors.2 Given the rapidly aging population for the next 2 decades, the incidence …
Introduction Historical Aspects of Alkyl Lipids and Their Biologically Active Forms (Ether Lipids, Platelet-Activating Factor, and Antihypertensive Renal Lipids)

This introduction reviews highlights of key historical developments that have occurred in research with alkyl ether glycerolipids, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and a group of renal antihypertensive lipids. It is not intended to represent an exhaustive survey of the literature, but instead attempts to explain how the three areas became integrated. The period of history covered (Fig. 1) ranges from the 1920s, when the alkyl lipids were first detected in fish, to 1980, when proof of the chemical structure and the enzymatic pathways for the biosynthesis of PAF were established.
Model for IBD Care. A Guideline for Consistent Reliable Care

•฀ Complete blood cell count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum albumin •฀ Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy and colonoscopy with biopsy •฀ Imaging of the small intestine (upper gastrointestinal [GI] and small bowel series; or computed tomography [CT] scan with oral and intravenous [IV] contrast; or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] with contrast enhancement; or capsule endoscopy) •฀ Other studies as indicated
Acculturation and Postpartum Depression Among Immigrant Women of Arabic Descent

Acculturation has been related to risk of postpartum depression (PPD) among immigrant women globally. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acculturation and PPD symptoms among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 115 postpartum immigrant women of Arabic descent. Women completed questionnaires including measures of acculturation [attraction to Arabic culture (AArC), attraction to American culture (AAmC), marginalization] and PPD symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale—EPDS) between 1 and 12 months postpartum. Twenty-five percent of women (n = 29) had EPDS scores ≥ 10 that represent PPD symptoms. Women with higher marginalization reported more PPD symptoms (r = .25, p = .008). None of the acculturation factors correlated with PPD symptoms after adjustment for maternal sociodemographic and health characteristics. Higher education (p = .001), lower gestational age at birth (p < .05), and antenatal anxiety (p < .05) were correlated with PPD symptoms in multivariate analyses. Health care providers should identify and assess immigrant women of Arabic descent for antenatal anxiety as this may identify women at risk for development of PPD symptoms. Future studies need to examine acculturation in relation to mental health among immigrant women of Arabic descent.
Creating cities/building cities, by Peter Karl Kresl

Peter Kresl sets out to examine “the ways in which, over time, architecture has been used to define and redefine a city, both visually and functionally, and to enhance its competitiveness” (p. 6). ...
The Hand of Nature in the Glove of Phenomenology: Reply to Gallagher

This article outlines several important agreements between Lynne Rudder Baker’s philosophical program and Shaun Gallagher’s target article, while also highlighting important differences. Like Galla...
An in vitro comparison of fluid leakage after dural puncture with Atraucan, Sprotte, Whitacre, and Quincke needles.

Background and Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the influence of needle size and design on the rate of leakage following dural puncture. Methods An in vitro model and fresh human lumbar dura were used to examine the rate of fluid leakage after puncture with Sprotte (24-gauge and 26-gauge), Atraucan (24-gauge and 26-gauge), Quincke (26-gauge and 29-gauge), and Whitacre (22-gauge and 25-gauge) needles. Results The study confirmed that finer-gauge needles tend to produce less leakage and that traditional Quincke pattern bevels result in greater leakage than pencil-point designs of the same diameter. Conclusions The comparably low leakage rate produced by the Atraucan, a new needle with a terminal opening, suggests that this needle is worthy of further clinical evaluation.
Spatio-Temporal Clustering of GPS Traces for Energy-Efficiency in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are a special type of Ad-Hoc network that supports communication between highly mobile vehicles and stationary Roadside Units or base stations. As the demand for more bandwidth increases with the introduction of autonomous vehicles and Multi-Media entertainment, the network size must scale to accommodate the demand. However, when deploying any additional networking resources, energy consumption should be taken into account. Existing works target routing as a means to reduce the energy consumed in end-to-end communications, but little work has been directed towards energy-aware infrastructure planning. In this work, we present a spatio-temporal clustering approach that models the connection time for potential Roadside Unit deployment sites. Our techniques leverage crowdsourced data, which is collected at the vehicle, and accurately represents the trends of users in the network. Modeling the connection time of deployment sites allows for transmission power to be adjusted based on traffic flow. We also present a technique to model the signal strength in deployment sites, thus identifying areas with sufficient coverage and selecting sites with weak connectivity from existing networking infrastructure. Combined this information allows infrastructure to be deployed in a manner that matches the real-time traffic and operate with an optimal transmission power.
Examining barriers, motivators and injury related to physical training in wildland firefighters

Fitness is critical in keeping wildland firefighters (WLFFs) healthy and safe from injury. Unfortunately, little is known about the physical training (PT) programs of WLFFs. The purpose of this study was to understand motivators, barriers and injuries related to PT. We used a descriptive research design. Information about PT practices was collected through interviews with key informants and was analysed qualitatively. Additionally, a questionnaire was developed, reviewed by experts, pilot tested and distributed electronically to WLFFs. A total of 16 interviews were conducted with key informants from multiple state, federal and volunteer agencies. Two overarching concepts, firefighter culture and environment, emerged from interviews as major influences on PT. The most frequently identified barrier to PT was work-related projects taking precedence over PT. Multiple motivating factors were identified, including having supervisors that participate in PT and wanting to be seen as a strong crewmember. Nearly half the injuries reported by WLFF resulted from PT and ~40% were viewed as preventable injuries. This project provides an understanding of the current PT practices of WLFFs. More importantly, results from this study identify, from the perspective of the firefighters themselves, the major motivators and barriers to engaging in PT.
Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

The term autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (a-FMT) refers herein to the use of one's feces during a healthy state for later use to restore gut microbial communities after perturbations. Generally, heterologous fecal microbiota transplantation (h-FMT), where feces from a ``healthy” donor is transplanted into a person with illness, has been used to treat infectious diseases such as recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), with cure rates of up to 90%. In humans, due to limited response to medicines, h-FMT has become a hallmark intervention to treat CDI. Extrapolating the benefits from CDI, h-FMT has been attempted in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but clinical response has been variable and less effective (ranging between 24% and 50%). Differences in h-FMT clinical response could be because CDI is caused by a Clostridial infection, whereas IBD is a complex, microbiome-driven immunological inflammatory disorder that presents predominantly within the gut wall of genetically-susceptible hosts. FMT response variability could also be due to differences in microbiome composition between donors, recipients, and within individuals, which vary with diet, and environments, across regions. While donor selection has emerged as a key factor in FMT success, the use of heterologous donor stool still places the recipient at risk of exposure to infectious/pathogenic microorganisms. As an implementable solution, herein we review the available literature on a-FMT, and list some considerations on the benefits of a-FMT for IBD.
The Early Effects of Coronavirus Disease-2019 on Head and Neck Oncology and Microvascular Reconstruction Practice: A National Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Enrolled in the Head and Neck Special Interest Group.

Purpose The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected healthcare systems across the nation. The purpose of this study is to gauge the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery (HNORS) practice and evaluate their practice patterns especially ones that might be impacted by COVID-19 and compare them to the current literature. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed fellowship-trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons in HNORS. This cohort of surgeons was contacted via a generated email list of surgeons enrolled in the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons pathology special interest group. An electronic survey contained 16 questions to assess the COVID-19 effect on HNORS practice and capture their practice patterns from mid-March to mid-April 2020. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze counts, percentages, and response rates. Results We had a 60% response rate (39 of 64); 72% of our responders worked at academic institutions, 18% marked themselves as hybrid academic/private practice, and only 10% were considered hospital-based surgeons. Only 8% of the survey respondents were requested to pause head and neck cancer surgery, whereas 24% were requested to pause free flap surgery during the pandemic. Fifty-five percent agreed that the head and neck and reconstructive surgery should be conducted during a pandemic. Finally, 45% thought that two weeks was a reasonable delay for head and neck cancer cases, whereas 29% thought they should not be delayed for any amount of time. Regarding practice patterns, microvascular reconstruction was the favored method (100%). Respondents generally admitted patients to an intensive care unit postoperatively (92%) and were kept on a ventilator (53%). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had a small impact on the surgical treatment of patients with head and neck oncology. Most HNORS surgeons are practicing in accordance with recently published literature.
Coronary Atherectomy (Rotational, Laser, Directional) and Thrombus Extraction

When compared to balloon angioplasty with or without coronary stenting, ablative devices including coronary atherectomy (both directional and rotational), laser angioplasty, or cutting balloon angioplasty failed to show improved mortality, restenosis rates, repeat revascularization rates, or cumulative adverse cardiac event rates up to 1 year after treatment. In fact, periprocedural myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiac events were increased. Drug-eluting stents have eclipsed prior results providing markedly reduced angiographic restenosis and target vessel revascularization with low procedural complication. Balloon angioplasty followed by drug-eluting stent placement provides improved long-term outcome with less procedural complexity, time, radiation exposure, and cost. Thus, trials and common practice do not support routine plaque modification with these tissue ablative devices prior to stent placement. In fact, directional coronary atherectomy is no longer supported in the United States as the only available device; the FlexiCut catheter (Abbott Vascular) is no longer available and there are no plans for replacement. Laser coronary angioplasty did not fulfill initial expectations of photochemical effects with vascular sparing. Despite these problems, rotational atherectomy remains a valuable tool facilitating durable success when stents cannot otherwise be delivered or expanded.
Chemical Composition of JUUL Pods Collected From Students in California High Schools.

Abstract Purpose To examine the chemical composition of JUUL pods collected from a convenience sample of 16 high schools in California to identify possible consumer modification or counterfeit use. Methods Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, we quantitatively analyzed the nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG) in JUUL pods (n = 26) collected from California high schools and compared results to commercial 3% (n = 15) and 5% (n = 24) JUUL pods purchased online. Results Most of the collected JUUL pods (24/26 pods) had a nicotine concentration (43.3 mg/ml, 95% PI: 21.5–65.1) outside the prediction intervals (PI) of the 3% (33.5 mg/ml, 95% PI: 31.8–35.2) and 5% (55.0 mg/ml, 95% PI: 51.5–58.3) commercial JUUL pods. Most (73%) collected JUUL pods had VG concentrations (583.5 mg/ml, PI: 428.9–738.1) lower than the 3% (722.2 mg/ml, PI: 643.0–801.4) and 5% (710.5 mg/ml, PI: 653.1–767.8) commercial JUUL pods. Conclusions Used JUUL products collected from high school students or found on school grounds were not chemically consistent with the manufacturer’s stated formulations.
The Supreme Court's Chief Justice of Intellectual Property Law

Justice Clarence Thomas is one of the most recognizable members of the United States Supreme Court. Many people recall his stormy Senate confirmation hearing and notice his fiery dissenting opinions that call on the Court to reflect the original public meaning of the Constitution. Yet observers have missed one of Justice Thomas’s most significant contributions to the Court—his intellectual property law jurisprudence. Justice Thomas has authored more majority opinions in intellectual property cases than any other Justice in the Roberts Court era and now ranks as the most prolific author of patent law opinions in the history of the Supreme Court. Thus, at a time when intellectual property has become one of America’s most important assets, Justice Thomas has played an important role in the evolution of America’s innovation law and policy. This Article is the first to highlight the significance of Justice Thomas’s intellectual property jurisprudence. It considers how Justice Thomas emerged as the Roberts Court’s “chief justice” of intellectual property law, authoring more majority opinions than even colleagues known for their intellectual property law prowess. The Article analyzes Justice Thomas’s key intellectual property opinions to understand their importance. It also highlights the distinguishing features of these opinions, including their faithful adherence to textualism, appreciation for the role of remedies, attention to technological and business context, awareness of the impact on intellectual property practitioners, and surprising unanimity. The Article concludes that Justice Thomas’s deep respect for the constitutional separation of powers is at the heart of his intellectual property jurisprudence, as his opinions invite and sometimes nudge Congress to play its leading role in crafting intellectual property law.
The Role of Telemedicine in Rural Mental Health Care Around the Globe

Purpose: Through a qualitative systematic literature review (n = 12), this article seeks to better understand how telemedicine is used globally to address mental health needs within rural areas. Th...
From Cloud to Classroom: Mathematics Teachers’ Planning and Enactment of Resources Accessed within Virtual Spaces:

Background/ContextTeachers face many different problems in teaching. Traditionally, research examines the complexity of teaching students and content by focusing on a teacher's physical space and i...
Climbing algorithms (invited talk)

NP (search) problems allow easy correctness tests for solutions. Climbing algorithms allow also easy assessment of how close to yielding the correct answer is the configuration at any stage of their run. This offers a great flexibility, as how sensible is any deviation from the standard procedures can be instantly assessed. An example is the Dual Matrix Algorithm (DMA) for linear programming, variations of which were considered by A.Y.Levin in 1965 and by Yamnitsky and myself in 1982. It has little sensitivity to numerical errors and to the number of inequalities. It offers substantial flexibility and, thus, potential for further developments.
Immunotherapy-Mediated Thyroid Dysfunction: Genetic Risk and Impact on Outcomes with PD-1 Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Genetic differences in immunity may contribute to toxicity and outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy, but these relationships are poorly understood. We examined the genetics of immune-related thyroid dysfunction (thyroid irAEs). Experimental Design: In patients with NSCLC treated with CPIs at MSK and VUMC, we evaluated thyroid irAEs. We typed germline DNA using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and imputed genotypes. Germline SNP imputation was also performed in an independent DFCI cohort. We developed and validated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for hypothyroidism in non-cancer patients using the UK and VUMC BioVU biobanks. These PRSs were applied to thyroid irAEs and CPI response in NSCLC patients at MSK, VUMC, and DFCI. Results: Among 744 patients at MSK and VUMC, thyroid irAEs occurred in 13% and were associated with improved outcomes (PFS aHR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.88). The PRS for hypothyroidism developed from UK Biobank predicted hypothyroidism in the BioVU dataset in non-cancer patients (OR per standard deviation [SD]=1.33, 95%CI: 1.29-1.37; AUROC= 0.6). The same PRS also predicted development of thyroid irAEs in both independent cohorts of patients treated with CPIs (HR per SD=1.34, 95%CI: 1.08-1.66; AUROC 0.6). The results were similar in the DFCI cohort. However, PRS for hypothyroidism did not predict CPI benefit. Conclusions: Thyroid irAEs were associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Genetic risk for hypothyroidism was associated with risk of developing thyroid irAEs. Additional studies are needed to determine if other irAEs also have shared genetic risk with known autoimmune disorders and the association with treatment response.
Cochran’s Q Test of Stimulus Overselectivity within the Verbal Repertoire of Children with Autism

Stimulus overselectivity remains an ill-defined concept within behavior analysis, because it can be difficult to distinguish truly restrictive stimulus control from random variation. Quantitative models of bias are useful, though perhaps limited in application. Over the last 50 years, research on stimulus overselectivity has developed a pattern of assessment and intervention repeatedly marred by methodological flaws. Here we argue that a molecular view of overselectivity, under which restricted stimulus control has heretofore been examined, is fundamentally insufficient for analyzing this phenomenon. Instead, we propose the use of the term “overselectivity” to define temporally extended patterns of restrictive stimulus control that have resulted in disproportionate populations of responding that cannot be attributed to chance alone, and highlight examples of overselectivity within the verbal behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder. Viewed as such, stimulus overselectivity lends itself to direct observation and measurement through the statistical analysis of single-subject data. In particular, we demonstrate the use of the Cochran Q test as a means of precisely quantifying stimulus overselectivity. We provide a tutorial on calculation, a model for interpretation, and a discussion of the implications for the use of Cochran’s Q by clinicians and researchers.
Putting a New Spin on Carbon Nanotubes

Nanotube fibers are expected to have a wide range of applications from energy storage to high-strength mechanical devices. But as Baughman explains in his Perspective, methods for making such fibers have been of limited success. In contrast, the process reported by Vigolo et al. shows great promise. Together with a recently reported, more economically viable nanotube production process, this method may open the door to large-scale devices and materials based on carbon nanotubes.
Factors Associated with the Use of Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients Presenting with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have proven clinical superiority to bare-metal stents (BMS) for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Decision to implant BMS or DES is dependent on the patient's ability to take dual antiplatelet therapy. This study investigated factors associated with DES placement in STEMI patients. Methods. Retrospective analysis was performed on 193 patients who presented with STEMI and were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention at an urban, tertiary care hospital. Independent factors associated with choice of stent type were determined using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate factors significantly associated with DES and BMS. Results. 128 received at least one DES, while 65 received BMS. BMS use was more likely in the setting of illicit drug or alcohol abuse ([OR] 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.48, p ≤ 0.01), cardiogenic shock (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.73, p = 0.01), and larger stent diameter (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.68, p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions. In this analysis, BMS implantation was associated with illicit drug or alcohol abuse and presence of cardiogenic shock. This study did not confirm previous observations that non-White race, insurance, or income predicts BMS use.
Inhibition of liver cell proliferation by dexamethasone does not prevent tumor induction by ciprofibrate in the rat liver

Abstract The mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and mice remains controversial. The suggested mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators cause tumors include oxidative stress resulting from elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) generating peroxisomal β -oxidation enzymes and increased cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to delineate the role of cell proliferation in ciprofibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats in which liver cell proliferation is inhibited by concomitant administration of dexamethasone. Male Fischer 344 rats were fed a diet containing 0.025% ciprofibrate with or without dexamethasone (0.5 mg kg −1 diet) for 61 weeks. Rats fed dexamethasone alone or no added chemicals in the diet served as controls. The incidence of neoplastic nodules (NN) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) was 100% in both ciprofibrate and ciprofibrate and dexamethasone groups. Interestingly, the multiplicity and the number of large tumors per liver was higher in the ciprofibrate and dexamethasone group. No hepatic tumors developed in rats fed control diets. The carcinogenicity of ciprofibrate in rats was independent of cell proliferation, as measurement of hepatocyte proliferation at 4 and 61 weeks showed a significant decrease in rats treated with dexamethasone and ciprofibrate compared to rats treated with ciprofibrate alone; whereas, the levels of peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme mRNA was markedly increased in both the groups.
Transcription Factors and Nuclear Cofactors in Muscle Wasting

Muscle wasting is commonly seen in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer [1], [2]. The loss of muscle mass in these conditions mainly reflects ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of myofibrillar proteins although other proteolytic mechanisms may be involved as well [3]. Muscle atrophy is regulated by multiple factors, including glucocorticoids [4], the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [5, 6], and myostatin [7]. In addition to these catabolic factors, a lack of anabolic signals, such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and insulin, is probably also important for the development of muscle wasting in various catabolic conditions.