cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 envelope, integrins and co-receptor use in mucosal transmission of HIV

It is well established that HIV-1 infection typically involves an interaction between the viral envelope protein gp120/41 and the CD4 molecule followed by a second interaction with a chemokine receptor, usually CCR5 or CXCR4. In the early stages of an HIV-1 infection CCR5 using viruses (R5 viruses) predominate. In some viral subtypes there is a propensity to switch to CXCR4 usage (X4 viruses). The receptor switch occurs in ~ 40% of the infected individuals and is associated with faster disease progression. This holds for subtypes B and D, but occurs less frequently in subtypes A and C. There are several hypotheses to explain the preferential transmission of R5 viruses and the mechanisms that lead to switching of co-receptor usage; however, there is no definitive explanation for either. One important consideration regarding transmission is that signaling by R5 gp120 may facilitate transmission of R5 viruses by inducing a permissive environment for HIV replication. In the case of sexual transmission, infection by HIV requires the virus to breach the mucosal barrier to gain access to the immune cell targets that it infects; however, the immediate events that follow HIV exposure at genital mucosal sites are not well understood. Upon transmission, the HIV quasispecies that is replicating in an infected donor contracts through a “genetic bottleneck”, and often infection results from a single infectious event. Many details surrounding this initial infection remain unresolved. In mucosal tissues, CD4+ T cells express high levels of CCR5, and a subset of these CD4+/CCR5high cells express the integrin α4β7, the gut homing receptor. CD4+/CCR5high/ α4β7high T cells are highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1 and are ideal targets for an efficient productive infection at the point of transmission. In this context we have demonstrated that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 on CD4+ T cells. On CD4+/CCR5high/ α4β7high T cells, α4β7 is closely associated with CD4 and CCR5. Furthermore, α4β7 is ~3 times the size of CD4 on the cell surface, that makes it a prominent receptor for an efficient virus capture. gp120-α4β7 interactions mediate the activation of the adhesion-associated integrin LFA-1. LFA-1 facilitates the formation of virological synapses and cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1. gp120 binding to α4β7 is mediated by a tripeptide located in the V1/V2 domain of gp120. Of note, the V1/V2 domain of gp120 has been linked to variations in transmission fitness among viral isolates raising the intriguing possibility that gp120-α4β7 interactions may be linked to transmission fitness. Although many details remain unresolved, we hypothesize that gp120-α4β7 interactions play an important role in the very early events following sexual transmission of HIV and may have important implication in the design of vaccine strategies for the prevention of acquisition of HIV infection
The ars Detoxification System Is Advantageous but Not Required for As(V) Respiration by the Genetically Tractable Shewanella Species Strain ANA-3

Arsenate [As(V); HAsO42−] respiration by bacteria is poorly understood at the molecular level largely due to a paucity of genetically tractable organisms with this metabolic capability. We report here the isolation of a new As(V)-respiring strain (ANA-3) that is phylogenetically related to members of the genus Shewanella and that also provides a useful model system with which to explore the molecular basis of As(V) respiration. This gram-negative strain stoichiometrically couples the oxidation of lactate to acetate with the reduction of As(V) to arsenite [As(III); HAsO2]. The generation time and lactate molar growth yield (Ylactate) are 2.8 h and 10.0 g of cells mol of lactate−1, respectively, when it is grown anaerobically on lactate and As(V). ANA-3 uses a wide variety of terminal electron acceptors, including oxygen, soluble ferric iron, oxides of iron and manganese, nitrate, fumarate, the humic acid functional analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate, and thiosulfate. ANA-3 also reduces As(V) to As(III) in the presence of oxygen and resists high concentrations of As(III) (up to 10 mM) when grown under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. ANA-3 possesses an ars operon (arsDABC) that allows it to resist high levels of As(III); this operon also confers resistance to the As-sensitive strains Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Escherichia coli AW3110. When the gene encoding the As(III) efflux pump, arsB, is inactivated in ANA-3 by a polar mutation that also eliminates the expression of arsC, which encodes an As(V) reductase, the resulting As(III)-sensitive strain still respires As(V); however, the generation time and the Ylactate value are two- and threefold lower, respectively, than those of the wild type. These results suggest that ArsB and ArsC may be useful for As(V)-respiring bacteria in environments where As concentrations are high, but that neither is required for respiration.
Evaluation of various DFT protocols for computing 1H and 13C chemical shifts to distinguish stereoisomers: diastereomeric 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐methylcyclohexanols as a test set

H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts were measured for a set of six isomers—the cis and trans 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanols. 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts were computed at the B3LYP, WP04, WC04, and PBE1 density functional levels for the same compounds, taking into account the Boltzmann distribution among confor- mational isomers (chair-chair forms and hydroxyl rotamers). The experimentalversus computed chemical shift values for proton and carbon were compared and evaluated (using linear correlation (r 2 ), total absolute error (jDdjT), and mean unsigned error (MUE) criteria) with respect to the relative ability of each method to distinguish between cis and trans stereoisomers for each of the three constitutional isomers. For 13 C shift data, results from the B3LYP and PBE1 density functionals were not sufficiently accurate to distinguish all three pairs of stereoisomers, while results using the WC04 functional did do so. For 1 H shift data, each of the WP04, B3LYP, and PBE1 methods was sufficiently accurate to make the proper stereochemical distinction for each of the three pairs. Applying a linear correction to the computed data improved both the absolute accuracy and the degree of discrimination for most of the methods. The nature of the cavity definition used for continuum solvation had little effect. Overall, use of proton chemical shift data was more discriminating than use of carbon data. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Supplementary electronic material for this paper is available in Wiley InterScience at http://www.mrw.interscience. wiley.com/suppmat/0894-3230/suppmat/v20.html
The Triennial International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods: The History and Hope

In 1982 in Milan, Italy, a series of triennial international symposia on neurobehavioral methods and their application commenced. Five of these symposia have been conducted. This paper reviews the origin of this neurobehavioral symposium and recounts the key findings and observations produced during each. In particular, the commitment of the symposium's organizers to meeting the needs of developing countries is discussed. An examination of the five symposia found that more than 250 papers have been published as proceedings. Furthermore, the symposia have maintained the original intent to assist developing countries. The symposium continues to emphasize the need to relate basic mechanisms of neurotoxicity to various neurobehavioral test batteries and methods.
chapter 1 Introduction: Evidence and Decision Making

Much of the methodological literature currently influential in the education policy community has focused on research studies and assessments intended to support generalizable conclusions about “what works” or what students “know and can do.” Until recently, far less attention has been paid to how educators actually interpret and use this information in making routine decisions in their local contexts of work; to what kinds of evidence may be needed to support those decisions; to the social structures, organizational routines, and patterns of interaction that shape the ways in which information is interpreted and used; or to how these practices might be improved to better support learning. As Phillips (this volume) notes, “the complex relation between evidence and generalizations, and particularly between evidence and courses of action, tends to be oversimplified” (p. 377). The standards-based reform movement, with its emphasis on performance-based accountability, has further focused attention on a particular source of evidence—standardized tests of student achievement— and a “theory of action” for how this information would function within the system. As framed by Elmore and Rothman (1999), following the 1994 reauthorization of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA):
Venturi valves for steam turbines and improved design considerations

AbstractAs a turbine governing valve, the venturi valve has been widely used in large turbines to regulate inlet flow for about 40 years. It is favoured in terms of low total pressure loss because of the converging-diverging configurations of the valve passage. However, as turbines become larger and larger, a number of valve failure incidents have been reported, and there is a great demand for improved designs. Yet, because of the complicated nature of the fluid—structure interaction mechanisms, the basic mechanism causing valve vibration and failure is still far from being fully understood. Most of the available literature relies heavily on experiments before the 1980s. There are several improved designs by the trial and error method, but governing rules, or even a clear direction for improvement, are almost non-existent. There has still seen no published investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. As CFD is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for understanding complicated fluid ...
Privileging and credentialing for interventional cardiology procedures

Local institutional-specific credentialing and privileging for procedures is an important process for ensuring the quality of care provided by interventional cardiologists. Recently revised standards for coronary intervention and the blossoming of structural heart disease programs have generated controversy over these processes. How standards are set for credentialing and privileging is poorly understood by most interventional cardiologists, including those responsible for credentialing and privileging. Requirements from The Joint Commission dictate how credentialing and privileging is performed at hospitals they accredit. Physicians must be recredentialed every 2 years at each hospital, with privileges renewed at that time. Hospitals must review quality of physicians even more frequently using Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluations. Hospitals must also evaluate the performance of physicians when they join a hospital staff or when they begin performing new procedures using Focused Professional Practice Evaluations. Cardiology department directors and catheterization laboratory directors are responsible for recredentialing and reprivileging members of their departments. Individual physicians are responsible for cooperating with these processes, and for periodic recertification with specialty boards and governmental agencies. We provide specific guidance to help physicians navigate these processes.
Rotated sigmoid structures in managed uneven-aged northern hardwood stands: a look at the Burr Type III distribution

Stand structures from a combined density manipulation and even- to uneven-aged conversion experiment on the Bartlett Experimental Forest (New Hampshire, USA) were examined 25 years after initial treatment for rotated sigmoidal diameter distributions. A comparison was made on these stands between two probability density functions for fitting these residual structures: the Burr Type III and a finite mixture of Weibulls. All stands exhibited some form of uneven-aged structure (either reverse J or rotated sigmoid) after 25 years. The Burr distribution fits the final distributions as well as the more complicated finite mixture model in all cases.
Damping properties of lead metaniobate

Mechanical damping, tan /spl delta/, of lead metaniobate was determined experimentally over a wide range of frequencies. Damping at audio and sub-audio frequency was lower than at ultrasonic frequency. The experiments were conducted in torsion and bending using an instrument capable of determining viscoelastic properties over more than 10 decades of time and frequency. Mechanical damping was higher in bending than torsion at all frequencies. Damping observed in this study at the highest frequencies approaches the high value 0.09 previously observed at ultrasonic frequency.
Genome-wide association analysis confirms and extends the association of SLC2A9 with serum uric acid levels to Mexican Americans.

Increased serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for gout and renal and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic factors that affect the variation in SUA in 632 Mexican Americans participants of the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). A genome-wide association analysis was performed using the Illumina Human Hap 550K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray. We used a linear regression-based association test under an additive model of allelic effect, while accounting for non-independence among family members via a kinship variance component. All analyses were performed in the software package SOLAR. SNPs rs6832439, rs13131257 and rs737267 in solute carrier protein 2 family, member 9 (SLC2A9) were associated with SUA at genome-wide significance (p <1.3×10-7). The minor alleles of these SNPs had frequencies of 36.2%, 36.2%, and 38.2 %, respectively, and were associated with decreasing SUA levels. All of these SNPs were located in introns 3-7 of SLC2A9, the location of the previously reported associations in European populations. When analyzed for association with cardiovascular-renal disease risk factors, conditional on SLC2A9 SNPs strongly associated with SUA, significant associations were found for SLC2A9 SNPs with BMI, body weight and waist circumference (p < 1.4 x 10-3) and suggestive associations with albumin-creatinine ratio and total antioxidant status. The SLC2A9 gene encodes an urate transporter that has considerable influence on variation in SUA. In addition to the primary association locus, suggestive evidence (p<1.9×10-6) for joint linkage/association was found at a previously-reported urate quantitative trait locus (Logarithm of odds score = 3.6) on 3p26.3. In summary, our GWAS extends and confirms the association of SLC2A9 with SUA for the first time in a Mexican American cohort and also shows for the first time its association with cardiovascular-renal disease risk factors.
The natural history of colorectal carcinoma in adolescents

The symptoms, histology, extent, and course of disease of 24 adolescents with colorectal carcinoma who were admitted to St. Jude Children's Hospital between 1964 and 1980 are presented. Twenty of the patients were referred between October 1974 and June 1980. Most patients presented with vague abdominal complaints. Twenty-one of the 24 patients had poorly differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Extensive disease at diagnosis and unresponsiveness to medical management was reflected in the eight-month median survival from diagnosis. Only two of the 24 patients survive free of disease 15 and 130 months from diagnosis. Two other patients survive with disease at four and 24 months.
HPCM: a pre-compiler aided middleware for the mobility of legacy code

Mobility is a fundamental functionality of the next generation Internet computing. How to support mobility for legacy codes, however, is still an issue of research. The key to solve this outstanding issue is the support of heterogeneous process migration. During the last few years, we have successfully developed mechanisms to support heterogeneous process migration of legacy codes written in C, C++, and Fortran. We present in this paper the design of the high performance computing mobility (HPCM) middleware, the development and implementation of its key components, pre-compiler and its static libraries. Due to the similarity between process migration and checkpointing, the pre-compiler not only makes automatic process migration of legacy codes feasible, but also supports dynamic heterogeneous checkpointing. We perform a set of tests and compare experimental results with Porch, a well-known portable heterogeneous checkpointing system. The experimental results show that our methods are feasible, efficient and very promising.
Treatment of osteochondral defects with autologous bone marrow in a hyaluronan-based delivery vehicle.

The natural repair of osteochondral defects can be enhanced with biocompatible, biodegradable and bioactive materials that provide structural support and molecular cuing to stimulate repair. Since bone marrow contains osteochondral progenitor cells and bioactive agents, it is hypothesized that the combination of scaffold and bone marrow would be a superior composite material for osteochondral repair. This hypothesis will be tested by comparing the outcome of osteochondral defects filled with a fibronectin-coated hyaluronan-based sponge (ACP™) with or without autologous bone marrow. Thirty-three 4-month-old rabbits received 3-mm diameter osteochondral defects that were then filled with ACP™ loaded or not with autologous bone marrow. Rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 3, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery and the condyles processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. The defects were graded with a histologic scoring scale. Except for the 3-week specimens, the histologic appearance of the defects wa...
Issues of Soil Moisture Coupling in MM5: Simulation of the Diurnal Cycle over the FIFE Area

Abstract This study evaluates the issues of soil moisture coupling on the partitioning of surface fluxes at the diurnal timescale over a mesoscale domain from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE) in Kansas. A state-of-the-art atmospheric model (the Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, or MM5) is used as a control run in which soil moisture is prescribed by a time-invariant as well as time-varying moisture availability function. Then, in a coupled model simulation, the atmospheric model is coupled with a detailed land surface model. Three days are simulated with progressively smaller surface soil moisture conditions to identify the influence of interactive soil moisture on surface fluxes partitioning at the diurnal timescale. Preliminary results suggest that, for days with wetter surface soil moisture conditions and moderately high wind speed, a time-variant interactive soil moisture re...
Exomoon habitability and tidal evolution in low-mass star systems

Discoveries of extrasolar planets in the habitable zone (HZ) of their parent star lead to questions about the habitability of massive moons orbiting planets in the HZ. Around low-mass stars, the HZ is much closer to the star than for Sun-like stars. For a planet-moon binary in such a HZ, the proximity of the star forces a close orbit for the moon to remain gravitationally bound to the planet. Under these conditions the effects of tidal heating, distortion torques, and stellar perturbations become important considerations for exomoon habitability. Utilizing a model that considers both dynamical and tidal interactions simultaneously, we performed a computational investigation into exomoon evolution for systems in the HZ of low-mass stars ($\lesssim 0.6\ M_{\odot}$). We show that dwarf stars with masses $\lesssim 0.2\ M_{\odot}$ cannot host habitable exomoons within the stellar HZ due to extreme tidal heating in the moon. Perturbations from a central star may continue to have deleterious effects in the HZ up to $\approx 0.5\ M_{\odot}$, depending on the host planet's mass and its location in the HZ, amongst others. In addition to heating concerns, torques due to tidal and spin distortion can lead to the relatively rapid inward spiraling of a moon. Therefore, moons of giant planets in HZs around the most abundant type of star are unlikely to have habitable surfaces. In cases with lower intensity tidal heating the stellar perturbations may have a positive influence on exomoon habitability by promoting long-term heating and possibly extending the HZ for exomoons.
Old Wounds, New Warriors: The Problem of Contractor Medical Care during and after Contemporary American Contingency Operations

American overseas military operations have become dependent upon private contractors. Thousands of these individuals have suffered casualties as a consequence of employment in high-risk parts of the world. American policy has consistently failed to meet the medical needs of hundreds of thousands of contractors. The root source of this problem is the nature of contracting itself. It is a system defined by a commercial transaction rather than the common bond shared between a citizen and the state. The current and future of costs of this basic disconnect are significant. Contractor casualties have risen at exponential rates. More broadly, policy makers must also confront the state’s obligations to employees who are assuming the risks of outsourced citizenship, a question that pertains to American contractors returning home as well as the vast majority of local national workers left to their own devices once Washington declares its mission complete.
Low Back Pain in Adolescents: A 1-Year Analysis of Eventual Diagnoses.

Back pain in adolescents is very common and often seen in the office for evaluation of potential spinal pathology. Pediatric back pain has often thought to be from serious identifiable causes such as spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, tumor, or infection. A follow-up analysis of adolescents initially presenting with back pain to their eventual subsequent diagnosis within 1 year has not been reported on a large scale with a national sample. A national insurance database (PearlDiver Patient Records Database) was queried for ICD-9 codes to identify patients aged 10 to 19 years with back pain from 2007 to 2010. These patients were tracked for imaging obtained, and eventual development of subsequent associated spinal pathology diagnoses using CPT and ICD-9 codes for up to 1 year after initial presentation. A total of 215,592 adolescents were identified presenting with low back pain (LBP) from 2007 to 2010. Over 80% of adolescents with LBP had no identifiable diagnosis within 1 year. The most common associated subsequent diagnoses were lumbar strain/spasm (8.9%), followed by scoliosis (4.7%), lumbar degenerative disk disease (1.7%), and lumbar disk herniation (1.3%). The rates of all other diagnoses including spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, infection, tumor, and fracture had <1% association with LBP. In conclusion, adolescent LBP is a common diagnosis for which underlying serious pathology is rare. The most common diagnosis aside from strain or muscle spasm associated with LBP are scoliosis and degenerative disk disease. Pediatric orthopaedists often are consulted on patients with LBP and should always have high suspicion for potential serious spinal pathology, but should recognize the most common etiologies of back pain in adolescence. Level IV—case series.
Hold 'em or fold 'em?: aggregation queries under performance variations

Systems are increasingly required to provide responses to queries, even if not exact, within stringent time deadlines. These systems parallelize computations over many processes and aggregate them hierarchically to get the final response (e.g., search engines and data analytics). Due to large performance variations in clusters, some processes are slower. Therefore, aggregators are faced with the question of how long to wait for outputs from processes before combining and sending them upstream. Longer waits increase the response quality as it would include outputs from more processes. However, it also increases the risk of the aggregator failing to provide its result by the deadline. This leads to all its results being ignored, degrading response quality. Our algorithm, Cedar, proposes a solution to this quandary of deciding wait durations at aggregators. It uses an online algorithm to learn distributions of durations at each level in the hierarchy and collectively optimizes the wait duration. Cedar's solution is theoretically sound, fully distributed, and generically applicable across systems that use aggregation trees since it is agnostic to the causes of performance variations. Evaluation using production latency distributions from Google, Microsoft and Facebook using deployment and simulation shows that Cedar improves average response quality by over 100%.
Hydrogen-Vacancy Effects in Pu-2 at. % Ga Alloys

Plutonium and Pu-Ga alloys have been observed to have anomalous hydrogen solubility behavior, including a significant concentration dependence of hydrogen diffusivity in the dilute regime, a sharp drop off in the hydrogen solubility constant in the dilute regime, and a near complete absence of change in the Sieverts’ constant as the alloys are heated across phase transformation boundaries. We are investigating the possibility that a vacancy mechanism is responsible for this behavior. X-ray diffraction measurements show a 0.14% lattice contraction in Pu-2 at. % Ga alloys when they are charged with ~2 at. % hydrogen. The lattice re-expands when the hydrogen is removed. Density functional calculations show that increasing the number of hydrogen atoms associated with a vacant lattice site in Pu lowers the energy of the hydrogen-vacancy complex. These observations support the idea that vacancies are stabilized by hydrogen in the Pu lattice well beyond their thermal equilibrium concentration and could be responsible for the anomalous hydrogen response of Pu.
Scale-coupling and interface-pinning effects in the phase-field-crystal model

Effects of scale coupling between mesoscopic slowly varying envelopes of liquid-solid profile and the underlying microscopic crystalline structure are studied in the phase-field-crystal (PFC) model. Such scale coupling leads to nonadiabatic corrections to the PFC amplitude equations, the effect of which increases strongly with decreasing system temperature below the melting point. This nonadiabatic amplitude representation is further coarse-grained for the derivation of effective sharp-interface equations of motion in the limit of small but finite interface thickness. We identify a generalized form of the Gibbs-Thomson relation with the incorporation of coupling and pinning effects of the crystalline lattice structure. This generalized interface equation can be reduced to the form of a driven sine-Gordon equation with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) nonlinearity, and can be combined with two other dynamic equations in the sharp interface limit obeying the conservation condition of atomic number density in a liquid-solid system. A sample application to the study of crystal layer growth is given, and the corresponding analytic solutions showing lattice pinning and depinning effects and two distinct modes of continuous vs nucleated growth are presented. We also identify the universal scaling behaviors governing the properties of pinning strength, surface tension, interface kinetic coefficient, and activation energy of atomic layer growth, which accommodate all range of liquid-solid interface thicknesses and different material elastic moduli.
Modeling Dynamic Responses of Viscoelastic Heterogeneous Soft Tissues to Step Acoustic Radiation Force

The responses of soft tissue under acoustic radiation force excitations are used to image tissue mechanical properties for soft tissue discrimination and detection of breast tumors. The soft tissue viscoelasticy has been interrogated by step acoustic radiation force excitations. The corresponding induced time-dependent creep displacement is used to reconstruct soft tissue viscoelasticity or to estimate viscosity and elasticity contrast of the inclusion to background. The acoustic radiation force is highly localized in a small excitation region; and, one degree-of-freedom and homogenous assumptions are generally made to the analysis. However, these simplifying assumptions limit the accuracy of these methods. In this paper, a finite element model was built to demonstrate the effect of the dynamic response of viscoelastic heterogeneous soft tissue to step acoustic radiation force. Factors affecting the dynamic response of soft tissue were first investigated with the homogenous model, and the corresponding estimation quality based on the one degree-of-freedom model was evaluated. Then, the dynamic response of soft tissue with inclusion and different elasticity and viscocity for the tissue and the inclusion was studied. The results suggest that in order to improve the estimate of soft tissue viscoelasticity the heterogenenous nature of the tissue and its three dimensional geometry should be accounted in the model.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Laser-assisted XUV double ionization of helium: Energy-sharing dependence of joint angular distributions

Citation: Liu, A. H., & Thumm, U. (2015). Laser-assisted XUV double ionization of helium: Energy-sharing dependence of joint angular distributions. Physical Review A, 91(4), 9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043416
A Novel High-resolution Optical Imaging Technique: Photo-Magnetic Imaging

Optical tomography at organ level is challenging due to highly scattering nature of the tissue. We have developed a novel true multimodality imaging technique, namely Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI), which provides superior spatial resolution and high quantitative accuracy even in thick tissue.
159 CHOLESTEROL CRYSTAL EMBOLIZATION: A CAUSE OF RHABDOMYOLYSIS, COMPARTMENT SYNDROME, AND GANGRENE.

Introduction Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE) can involve multiple organs; however, extensive rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, and gangrene leading to the need for lower extremities amputations have been rarely reported. Case Report A 55-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease presented with lower extremity claudication. Abdominal aortography showed severe stenosis of the right iliac and femoral arteries. He underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the right common iliac, right superficial femoral, and distal popliteal arteries. Twelve hours afterward, he developed severe bilateral lower extremity pain and soon thereafter developed extensive lower extremity livedo reticularis. Laboratory studies: serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dL, K+ 6.2 mmol/L, and CPK 48,769 U/L, WBC count 19,200 cmm3 and Hct 39%. Urinalysis showed red appearance, 3+ blood without RBCs, and positive for myoglobin. The diagnosis of extensive CCE with rhabdomyolysis was made. Aggressive hydration and urinary alkalization with sodium bicarbonate-containing fluids were initiated. On day 2, he developed bilateral calf swelling with compartment pressures of 60 to 70 mm Hg, requiring bilateral lower extremity fasciotomies. With continuing hydration, serum creatinine decreased to 1.1 mg/dL and myoglobinuria gradually resolved. He eventually developed gangrene of both lower extremities, leading to bilateral below-knee amputations. Histopathology of the lower extremities showed cholesterol clefts within medium-sized arteries and arterioles in skeletal muscle, the hallmark of CCE. Discussion CCE can be spontaneous or iatrogenic, with angiography being the most common precipitating factor. In our patient, CCE resulted in occlusion of muscular arteries, resulting in muscle necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and compartment syndrome, ultimately resulting in lower extremity gangrene. Occlusion of skin vessels caused livedo reticularis. This case emphasizes the potential catastrophic complications of CCE, which can occur in otherwise uncomplicated vascular procedures, including endovascular stenting for peripheral vascular disease.
The Development of MODS and Its Impact on the Library Network

As to MARC,there exist congenital deficiency in its application to network.This paper introduces a catalog technology—MODS that can substitute MARC,emphatically introduces its system structure and characteristics,and brings forward prospects for MODS' application in China.
Extending Molecular Mechanics Methods to the Descriptions of Transition Metal Complexes and Bond-Making and -Breaking Processes

The advent of rapid molecular modeling techniques has revolutionized the use of computers in chemical research. One result of the success of molecular modeling is the feasability of asking increasingly intimate questions about the potential energy surfaces for molecules of escalating complexity. These developments place pressure on the development of new empirical force field methods, particularly in the areas of transition metal modeling and the modeling of chemical reactions. In this paper we review the application of valence bond concepts to the qualitative understanding of molecular geometries of transition metal complexes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how valence bond concepts can be extended to a molecular mechanics description of bond-breaking and -making processes.
An improved Anger detector approach for PET with high resolution and sensitivity

Small-animal PET has become a rapidly growing approach to problems in human health, from addiction to cancer to drug development. However, the best presently available PET technology (/spl sim/2 mm resolution) still has significant limitations in spatial resolution and sensitivity which are particularly problematic for applications attempting to take advantage of powerful transgenic mouse models. Most currently proposed approaches to improving resolution face a number of technical obstacles which force trade-offs in performance. A novel design which circumvents many of these compromises is a miniaturized and modernized "Anger" or "gamma" camera, with a principle similar to well-known detectors for SPECT, in which a continuous scintillator crystal is used and position is determined from light-sharing among groups of photodetectors. Critical improvements over the traditional Anger design include a more appropriate scintillator for PET (LSO), a thinner crystal for higher spatial resolution, and large-area avalanche photodiode (APD) technology as the photodetector which allows layering of the detector to improve sensitivity, among other benefits. The feasibility of the approach has been studied in terms of spatial and energy resolution, sensitivity, and cost, with promising results. A prototype is complete and preliminary measurements have been performed.
A Framework for Understanding Operator Decision Making in Simulated Nuclear Power Plant Cyber Attacks

Malicious cyber-attacks are becoming increasingly prominent due to the advance of technology and methods over the last decade. These attacks have the potential to bring down critical infrastructures, such as nuclear power plants (NPP’s), which are so vital to the country that their incapacitation would have debilitating effects on national security, public health, or safety. Despite the devastating effects a cyber-attack could have on NPP’s, there is a lack of understanding as to the effects on the plant from a discreet failure or surreptitious sabotage of components and a lack of knowledge in how the control room operators would react to such a situation. In this project, the authors are collaborating with NPP operators to discern the impact of cyber-attacks on control room operations and lay out a framework to better understand the control room operators’ tasks and decision points.
'The double helix proves the existence of God': art and science in dialogue with Salvador Dali's religious imagination

Alan Smith, Florida Southern College W. Alan Smith is Professor Emeritus of Religion at Florida Southern College in Lakeland, Florida where he taught for almost thirty years. He served as Executive Secretary of the Religious Education Association from 2006–11. Dr Smith is an ordained minister in the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) with standing in the Florida Region, and has served as pastor of congregations in Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, California, and Florida. His fields of research include religious education, practical theology, biblical theology, and theology and the arts – which has been his area of most recent study. He is the co-author, with Ruth Illman, of Theology and the Arts: Engaging Faith (Routledge 2013), Children Belong in Worship: A Guide to the Children’s Sermon (CBP Press 1984), and numerous articles in journals including Religious Education, Teaching Theology and Religion, Journal on Public Policy, and ARTS: The Arts in Religious and Theological Studies.
Upper Limb Anatomy Tutorial Using an Imaging Platform

Abstract Introduction This resource contains a self-guided tutorial developed to instruct students in the relationship between the anatomy, radiology, and clinical concepts of the upper limb. The u...
Major Re-selection Advising and Academic Performance

We sought to determine whether receiving major re-selection (MRS) advising benefits undergraduate students' grade-point averages (GPAs). We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group des...
Sexual Orientation and School Discipline: New Evidence From a Population-Based Sample:

Sexual minorities’ risk for exclusionary discipline is a commonly cited indicator of the challenges that these students face. The current study addresses this issue by introducing a new data source...
Non-fat milk attenuates acute hypertriglyceridemia in obese individuals who consume a high fat diet: A randomized control trial

Abstract Background Repeated exposure to elevated postprandial triglycerides, as seen with typical Western diets, contributes to atherosclerosis and vascular disease. We determined if a single serving of non-fat milk added to a high fat tolerance test could attenuate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in individuals who consume a high fat diet. Methods In this placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover experimental study, 30 overweight/obese adults consumed a high-fat tolerance test meal combined with either non-fat milk, carbohydrate control drink, or caloric control drink. Results Plasma triglycerides increased over time with no significant differences between interventions. Peak plasma triglyceride levels during HFTT were significantly related to dietary fat intake (r = 0.30, p Conclusions A single serving of non-fat milk may attenuate acute hypertriglyceridemia in individuals who chronically consume a high fat diet, offering a simple and easily implemented option for managing elevations in postprandial triglycerides.
Identity Management Framework for E-Health Systems over 5G Networks

In this paper, we propose identity management (IdM) framework for electronic healthcare (e- health) systems over 5G networks with consideration on wireless access and cloud access. Since 5G networks introduce new perspectives of network architecture, the IdM framework for e-health systems needs to consider different scenarios, such as different type devices with different access technologies. For the IdM based on wireless access, different access technologies are considered as direct connection based on 3GPP access and non-3GPP access and indirect connection through a smart phone. For the IdM based on cloud access, we propose two different methods including user cloud based and service provider cloud based. The comparison of these two methods are presented. The security discussion of the proposed IdM framework is provided to show the mutual authentication, identity protection and efficient security. The proposed IdM framework can achieve the required security properties efficiently in e-health system.
Multicolinearity and ridge regression: results on type I errors, power and heteroscedasticity

Let β1,…,βp be the slope parameters in a linear regression model and consider the goal of testing H0:βj=0 (j=1,…,p). A well-known concern is that multicolinearity can inflate the standard error of ...
Space-efficient layouts for block stacking warehouses

In block stacking warehouses, pallets of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs) are stacked on top of one another in lanes on the warehouse floor. A conventional layout consists of multiple bays of lanes separ...
Digesting the Red Pill: Masculinity and Neoliberalism in the Manosphere:

This article undertakes the first known qualitative study focusing on The Red Pill, an online forum wherein heterosexual men attempt to improve their seduction skills by discussing evolutionary psy...
The emergence of nitric oxide in the biosynthesis of bacterial natural products.

Nitric oxide (NO) has a broad range of biological utilities including as a biosynthon for bacterial natural products (NPs). The biosyntheses of thaxtomin A and rufomycin require an NO-dependent nitration step where a bacterial NO synthase provides the necessary NO and nitration is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 homolog. Undiscovered NO-dependent biosynthesis pathways are likely to have similar requirements: a pathway dedicated NO source and a metalloenzyme to catalyze the NO-dependent chemistry. This review discusses the current literature on NO-dependent nitration biosynthesis and relevant enzyme mechanisms. The proposal that NO is important for N N bond containing NPs is also explored, particularly for the formations of nitrosamine and nitramine NPs.
(Lr,Ls) Resolvent estimate for the sphere off the line 1 r −1 s = 2 n

We extend the resolvent estimate on the sphere to exponents off the line 1 r −1 s = 2 n. Since the condition 1 r −1 s = 2 n on the exponents is necessary for a uniform bound, one cannot expect esti...
Hans Henny Jahnn’s New Masculine Ideal: Perrudja as Critique of Hegemonic Masculinity

This essay examines the critique of what R. W. Connell terms “hegemonic masculinity” posed by Hans Henny Jahnn’s unfinished masterpiece Perrudja (1929). I argue that Jahnn carries this critique out...
Kähler-Ricci shrinkers and ancient solutions with nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature

Abstract In this paper we prove classification results for gradient shrinking Ricci solitons under two invariant conditions, namely nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature and weakly PIC1, without any curvature upper bound. New results on ancient solutions for the Ricci and Kahler-Ricci flow are obtained. Applications to Kahler manifolds with almost nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature are derived as consequences. The main new feature is that no curvature upper bound is assumed.
Analysis of Vibration Isolated Facilities for the In Situ Nanoprobe at the Advanced Photon Source

Nanofocusing of X-rays to ever smaller spot sizes requires increasingly stringent requirements for the stability of X-ray microscopes and X-ray nanoprobes. With X-ray optics now capable of focusing...
Probabilistic mapping of flood hazards: Depicting uncertainty in streamflow, land use, and geomorphic adjustment

Abstract Spatial and temporal variability in precipitation, land use, and river channels introduce uncertainty in flood estimates and pose challenges for floodplain management and mitigation. Yet, standard deterministic methods for quantifying flood hazards and evaluating risk assume stationarity in a nonstationary world and fail to account for uncertainties as they translate to flood hazards. A need exists for improved methods to portray flood hazards that incorporate uncertainty and enable integrated water management. This paper presents novel techniques for evaluating flood hazards through probabilistic flood inundation maps that reflect uncertainty quantified through Monte-Carlo analyses of model inputs and parameters. These techniques represent a first in simultaneously varying discharge, friction parameters, and channel change in probabilistic floodplain mapping while maintaining the high level of detail implemented in regulatory hydraulic models. This study evaluated four methods for quantifying the 1 % annual exceedance probability flood, including a nonstationary approach, at an urban watershed in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. The range of variability in flood extents resulting from Monte-Carlo simulations was spatially variable, and the likelihood of inundation revealed areas of elevated or hidden risk that were not revealed by deterministic regulatory flood hazard boundaries. The nonstationary approach indicates a significant increase in flood hazards and suggests that the regulatory floodplain boundary underestimates and miscommunicates its intended risk status. A simplified approach for estimating uncertainty in flood hazards closely matched ensemble results, providing managers a practical method for conducting uncertainty analysis. These techniques can aid floodplain management by accounting for the inherent uncertainty in model estimates and the potential nonstationary behavior of flood hazards.
A first-order geochemical budget for suspended sediment discharge to the Bay of Bengal from the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system

Abstract The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (G-B) river system transports >1 × 109 t/yr of sediment, with an estimated 0.7 × 109 t/yr reaching the Bay of Bengal (BoB). This discharge represents a major input of sediment and associated elements to the global ocean, but quantification of the sediment-element mass reaching the BoB has yet to be fully explored. Published geochemical and suspended sediment data are used to calculate a first-order budget for the modern sediment supply of geochemical elements to the BoB. River profile bulk sediment-element concentrations are calculated based on suspended sediment and element measurements taken in the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. A Monte Carlo analysis is applied to account for variable sediment and geochemical contributions from each river. Results show that on average, the G-B system contributes ~5% of the global riverine discharge of solid-phase elements from sediment to the oceans. G-B sediments transport >10% of the global element supply of Hf and Zr. For others, like As and Cu, contributions from the G-B are
lncRNA SNHG1 Promotes Basal Bladder Cancer Invasion via Interaction with PP2A Catalytic Subunit and Induction of Autophagy.

Although basal muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are predominant, are more aggressive, and have bad prognoses, molecular mechanisms underlying how basal MIBC formation/progression have been barely explored. In the present study, SNHG1, a long non-coding RNA, was shown to be expressed at higher levels in basal MIBC cells than in other types of bladder BC cells, and its presence could promote basal MIBC cell invasion. The results revealed that SNHG1 specifically induced MMP2 expression via increasing its transcription and mRNA stability. In one mechanism, SNHG1 directly bound with PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A-c) to inhibit interactions of PP2A-c with c-Jun and then promoted c-Jun phosphorylation that, in turn, mediated MMP2 transcription. In another mechanism, SNHG1 markedly induced autophagy in the cells via induction of increases in the abundance of autophagy-related proteins. The latter initiated autophagy and further abolished miR-34a stability, which reduced overall miR-34a binding directly to the 3′ UTR of MMP2 mRNA, thereby promoting MMP2 mRNA stabilization. These results provided novel insight into understanding the specific functions of SNHG1 in basal MIBC. Such findings may ultimately prove highly significant for the design/synthesis of new SNHG1-based compounds for the treatment of basal MIBC patients.