cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-2 type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen and risk of renal dysfunction and coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Increased activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be important in promoting coronary heart disease (CHD) and renal dysfunction, but limited data are available on associations between angiotensin type 1 receptor (AGT1R) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genotypes in type 2 diabetes. Study participants were diabetics from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology (including AGT1R T573C, AGT1R A1166C, and AGT M235T) and presence of renal dysfunction (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or history of CHD. The AGT1R 1166 C-allele was associated with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (multivariable OR 1.63 [1.01, 2.65]) in the HPFS men (n = 733) and in the combined dataset (n = 1566) (OR 1.42 [1.02, 1.98]). The AGT1R 1166 C-allele was also associated with CHD in men (OR 1.57 [1.10, 2.24]). In NHS women (n = 833), AGT 235T-allele was associated with CHD (OR 1.72 [1.20, 2.47]). Removal of hypertension from the fully adjusted models did not influence results, suggesting that the associations may not be mediated by hypertension. There were significant interactions between sex and AGT1R 1166 C-allele (p = 0.008) and AGT M235T (p = 0.03) in models for CHD. No significant associations were seen between AGT1R T573 C-allele and renal dysfunction or CHD. Polymorphisms in AGT1R and AGT genes are associated with renal dysfunction and CHD in type 2 diabetes and further support the important role of the RAS in these complications. Sex may modify associations between AGT1R 1166 C-allele and AGT 235T and CHD in type 2 diabetes.
Affective reactions to facial identity in a prosopagnosic patient

This study probes whether a prosopagnosic patient can make accurate explicit affective judgements towards faces. Patient MJH was shown photographs of faces of well-liked family members and public figures rated as “evil” by opinion polls. MJH was asked to rate each face on two 7-point scales (Likeability and Pleasantness). Since he is unable to explicitly recognise faces, his ratings were based on his evaluative reaction to the faces presented. In a second phase of the experiment, MJH was told the name of the faces previously presented and asked to rate them using the same scales. MJH's Likeability ratings during the picture-viewing phase of the experiment and the explicit phase were highly correlated. Based on these findings, we propose that thought consists of an explicit declarative and an implicit emotional aspect, which may become dissociated in prosopagnosia.
A counterexample to Tang and Padubidri's claim about the bisection width of a diagonal mesh

A counterexample is presented to disprove Tang and Padubidri's (1994) claim about the bisection width of a diagonal mesh.
Are the Elderly Responsive in Their Savings Behavior to Changes in Asset Limits for Medicaid

In light of recent policy discussions aimed at reforming Medicaid, it is important to understand how the elderly respond to changes in the incentives of Medicaid. This article estimates the effect of a decrease in the implicit tax of holding assets brought about by the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), I find that a $1 increase in state asset protections increased median total wealth holdings by $0.20, financial wealth by $0.04, and home equity by $0.27. As expected, larger responses are found for residents of states with income limits in place prior to the law change and for states that chose the highest level of protected resource amounts.
Anomalous serotypes in Tetrahymena.

SYNOPSIS. Novel serotypes appeared among the F2 progeny of a single cross involving alleles at the H locus. Two of the clones manifesting aberrant types have been subjected to breeding analysis. The aberrant phenotypes disappear at conjugation and have not been recovered in either F1 or F2. Comparable types have not been found again in large scale crosses involving a variety of different H alleles. The basis for the unusual types remains obscure.
Chemotherapy: General Concepts

There are approximately 80 anti-tumor drugs employed to treat cancer patients today. Many of these drugs were discovered by virtue of animal tumor screening programs, some by rational chemical design, and others by astute clinical observation. An example of a drug developed by rational design is 5-Fluorouracil. Heidelberger created this drug after analyzing many human and animal tumors and discovering that malignant cell growth (in contrast to normal cell growth) was heavily dependent upon uracil as an essential component of DNA. He reasoned that distorting the uracil molecule by attaching a halogen, fluorine, may result in a DNA which is incompatible with tumor cell viability. Methotrexate is an example of a drug discovered by clinical observation. Dr. Sidney Farber was the first to detect that leukemic children developed progressive disease when placed on vitamins which included folic acid. The folic acid antagonist Methotrexate (see Figure 4.1) was just then in the process of development and Farber demonstrated in 1948 that an analogue drug of Methotrexate could induce remission in acute leukemia. The great majority of agents, however, have been incorporated into clinical use because of empiric drug screening. The plant alkaloid derivatives, for example, were identified as active anti-tumor agents in the process of screening any and all plant components of all species for such activity.
Bioremediation and Mitigation

The high costs involved with conventional remedial techniques and frequently, the liability associated with the use of such techniques, has encouraged industry to search for innovative remediation technologies. The use of innovative technologies that provide a cost-effective and permanent treatment method is gaining the attention of regulatory agencies, the public, and, most importantly, the industries responsible for cleanup. In order to address these needs, research organizations and engineering firms are testing various innovative technologies in the laboratories and in the field.
The Registry Case Finding Engine (CaFE): An automated approach for cancer patient identification from unstructured, free-text pathology reports

6080 Background: A vital component to maintaining an accurate cancer registry is the identification of patients with cancer. The University of Michigan Cancer Registry identifies more than 90% of a...
Learning to Reminisce: A Case Study

AbstractThis study examined mother-child conversation about past events as a context in which children acquire the discourse skills for talking about the past and develop the ability to recall past events. Conversations about past events were recorded in one mother-child dyad from 20 to 28 months. Analyses focused on changes in the structure and content of the conversation over time as well as on the effects of retention interval on long-term memory. In addition, effects of repeated memory conversations about the same events were examined. Over time, the child was more active in participating in and then initiating conversa-tions about the past. Her contributions also became more evaluative with age. Repeated memory conversations did not affect the child's recall of the particular events that had been previously discussed, but over the 8 months she was able to recall more about events in general. These results suggest that early autobio-graphical memory development involves learning how to remember, not what to remember; the skills for retrieving and talking about memories emerge, but the specific content of repeatedly recalled events varies over retelling. (Psychology)
Alveolar Ventilation Studies Using Mass Spectrometer.

SummaryA method of measuring alveolar ventilation utilizing a portable mass spectrometer to determine the rate of nitrogen elimination is described. This test was shown by repeated trials to be rather uniform for each of a group of normal individuals. The range of nitrogen clearance volumes among normal individuals appears to be related to differences in lung volume, and correction for this factor approximates the pattern of values for those tested. Three cases of marked pulmonary emphysema are presented. The results from testing this group in a similar fashion indicate a prolongation of nitrogen elimination in these patients as compared with the normal subjects.
Shock wave interaction with voids in heterogeneous energetic materials

Shock waves interacting with heterogeneous materials are important in studies related to impact, penetration and detonation in condensed media, with applications in propulsive devices, munitions and explosive-target interactions. The study of release of energy is a crucial requirement in these systems. Traditional models for these applications are based on continuum theories where the microstructural heterogeneities of the material is ignored or homogenized. These simulations based on a continuum mechanics approach at the macro scale miss the key aspect of modeling energy release at a scale corresponding to particle size. Designing propulsion devices and munitions for precise operational performances demands comprehensive understanding and manipulation of the spatial and temporal distribution of energy release in activated energetic materials. Localized events, such as void collapse and inter-particle friction must be accounted for in detailed study of these materials. The proposed work seeks to develop a computational tool to conduct realistic modeling of the multi scale dynamics of shocked heterogeneous media.
Beyond the Melting Pot and Salad Bowl Views of Cultural Diversity: Advancing Cultural Diversity Education of Nutrition Educators

This article outlines how the melting pot and salad bowl views of cultural diversity have influenced the cultural training of nutrition educators and other health professionals. It explores how these views are changing in reaction to the changing demographics and health disparities seen in the US today and how the cultural training of nutrition educators has not kept up with these changing views. Suggestions for how this cultural education could be modified include placing a greater emphasis on both the cultural self-awareness of nutrition educators and the sociopolitical historical factors that influence the cultural orientation of nutrition educators and their clients.
Anti-coagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the real blood and guts

We read with interest the “Perspective” by Cirulis et al . and the accompanying editorial by Pakshirajan, both of which discuss our recent publication analyzing the effect of anticoagulation with warfarin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) enrolled in the REVEAL registry (1).
A simple sensing mechanism for wireless, passive pressure sensors

We have developed a simple wireless pressure sensor that consists of only three electrically isolated components. Two conductive spirals are separated by a closed cell foam that deforms when exposed to changing pressures. This deformation changes the capacitance and thus the resonant frequency of the sensors. Prototype sensors were submerged and wirelessly interrogated while being exposed to physiologically relevant pressures from 10 to 130 mmHg. Sensors consistently exhibited a sensitivity of 4.35 kHz/mmHg which is sufficient for resolving physiologically relevant pressure changes in vivo. These simple sensors have the potential for in vivo pressure sensing.
Private Philanthropy and Basic Research in Mid-Twentieth Century America: The Hickrill Chemical Research Foundation.

The Hickrill Chemical Research Foundation, located north of New York City on the estate of its patrons, Sylvan and Ruth Alice Norman Weil, had a short (1948-59) but productive life. Ruth Alice Weil received a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1947, directed by William von Eggers Doering of Columbia University. She intended that Hickrill contribute to cancer chemotherapy while providing resources for Doering's more speculative research. Ultimately, Doering's commitment to theoretical organic chemistry set Hickrill's research agenda. Lawrence Knox, an African American with a Harvard Ph.D., supervised the laboratory's daily activities. Hickrill's two dozen postdoctoral fellows produced path-breaking results in Huckel aromatic theory and reactive intermediate chemistry, fostering the postwar emphasis on "basic science." This essay places the Laboratory's successes in the wider context of postwar politics and scientific priorities. Private philanthropic support of basic science arose because it received little pre-World War II government support. In the immediate postwar period, modest organisations like Hickrill still met a need, but the increasing governmental defence- and non-defence-related support for science eventually rendered them unnecessary.
Intrathoracic meningocele associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1 and a novel technique for surgical repair: case report

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder that can have associated spinal abnormalities related to both bone and dural dysplasia. Thoracic meningoceles are one spine anomaly associated with NF1, although they are a fairly uncommon pathology. Surgical techniques to treat these meningoceles, usually undertaken only when the patient is symptomatic, are targeted at decreasing the size of the protrusion and improving lung capacity. Surgical interventions discussed in the literature include shunting the pseudomeningocele, primary repair with laminectomy, thoracoscopic plication, and reinforcement of the closure with cement, muscle, or fascia. Authors here report the case of a 43-year-old woman with NF1 with worsening pulmonary function tests and in whom shunting of the pseudomeningocele failed. Subsequently, a posterolateral thoracotomy was performed. The dura mater was reconstructed and primarily closed. On this closure a Gore-Tex soft-tissue patch was placed along with polypropylene mesh and Evicel fibrin sealant, followed by titanium mesh. At the end of the procedure, a chest tube was left in place and therapeutic pneumoperitoneum was performed to decrease the dead space as the lung did not fully expand with positive-pressure ventilation. The patient's pulmonary function tests improved after the procedure. Thoracic meningoceles are uncommon and difficult pathologies to treat surgically. Although shunting is arguably the least invasive surgical option, it can fail in some patients. When it does fail, there are other options that require a multidisciplinary approach and careful attention to the dural closure and reinforcing layers.
Serum Amyloid P and IgG Exhibit Differential Capabilities in the Activation of the Innate Immune System in Response to Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan

We showed that human IgG supported the response by human innate immune cells to peptidoglycan (PGN) from Bacillus anthracis and PGN-induced complement activation. However, other serum constituents have been shown to interact with peptidoglycan, including the IgG-like soluble pattern recognition receptor serum amyloid P (SAP). Here, we compared the abilities of SAP and of IgG to support monocyte and complement responses to PGN. Utilizing in vitro methods, we demonstrate that SAP is superior to IgG in supporting monocyte production of cytokines in response to PGN. Like IgG, the response supported by SAP was enhanced by phagocytosis and signaling kinases, such as Syk, Src, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, that are involved in various cellular processes, including Fc receptor signaling. Unlike IgG, SAP had no effect on the activation of complement in response to PGN. These data demonstrate an opsonophagocytic role for SAP in response to PGN that propagates a cellular response without propagating the formation of the terminal complement complex.
Fluconazole distribution to the brain: A crossover study in freely-moving rats using in vivo microdialysis

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine if the microdialysis sampling technique is feasible to study the central nervous system distributional kinetics of a novel triazole antifungal agent, fluconazole, in an awake, freely-moving rat model, and to determine fluconazole distribution to the extracellular fluid (ECF) of the brain.
Features and Challenges in Runner's Dystonia (P07.199)

OBJECTIVE: To review characteristics of patients with runner9s dystonia (RD). BACKGROUND: RD is an adult-onset dystonia triggered by long-distance running. Most reported RD cases are characterized by lower extremity dystonia. Here we review the variability in presentation, evolution and response to therapy of a large case series of RD. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with lower-body dystonia seen at the National Institutes of Health. Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: In 23 years, 483 patients with dystonia were evaluated, of which 35 had lower limb dystonia or camptocormia. Eight of these 35 patients had dystonia apparently triggered by running, 3 females and 5 males. All were long-distance runners who trained between 40-100 miles/week. The mean age of onset was 53.4 + 4.8 years. The mean disease duration was 5.6 + 2.7 years with no development parkinsonian symptoms. Seven had gait-motion analyses with EMG. Four had dystonia of the lower extremities, one had segmental dystonia involving the lower extremities and axial musculature, and two had purely axial involvement. Of patients with lower limb dystonia, three had proximal involvement, while two had both proximal and distal lower limb dystonia. Six reported benefit with a sensory or motor trick. Four out of five patients responded to botulinum therapy, with an average reported improvement in symptoms of 46%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest reported case series of RD. Although RD was initially described as involving only the lower extremities, our series suggests a more variable presentation. The key diagnostic feature is that initial symptoms are triggered by running in long-distance runners. Treatment of RD remains challenging, as patients may only achieve moderate benefit with botulinum injections. Disclosure: Dr. Ghosh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Considine has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karp has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hallett has received personal compensation for activities with Neurotoxin Institute, Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, and Elsevier.Dr. Hallett has received license fee payments from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Hallet has received research support from BCN Peptides and Manhattan Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Lungu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alter has nothing to disclose.
Echocardiography in Congenital Left Ventricular-Right Shunt

Two patients, age 18 and 14, with congenital left ventricular-right atrial communication through a defect involving the tricuspid valve were studied by echocardiography. Proof was obtained by ultrasonic contrast injection and angiocardiography in one and by angiocardiography and surgery in the other. Both presented clinically as uncomplicated ventricular septal defects. Echocardiography consistently demonstrated a high frequency low amplitude flutter of the tricuspid valve (TV) leaflets throughout systole and none in diastole. Following surgical correction of the defect in one patient, there was a complete disappearance of the tricuspid valve systolic flutter (TVF). TVF has not been observed with TV incompetence nor with other forms of ventricular septal defects. Fistulous communication from the aorta to the right atrium just above the TV did not demonstrate TVF in one patient studied. TVF appears to be caused by the passage of the left ventricular jet of blood into the right atrium through a defect in the TV and appears to be specific for this entity.
Lipoxin B4 Enhances Human Memory B Cell Antibody Production via Upregulating Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression.

Vaccination has been the most effective way to prevent or reduce infectious diseases; examples include the eradication of smallpox and attenuation of tetanus and measles. However, there is a large segment of the population that responds poorly to vaccines, in part because they are immunocompromised because of disease, age, or pharmacologic therapy and are unable to generate long-term protection. Specialized proresolving mediators are endogenously produced lipids that have potent proresolving and anti-inflammatory activities. Lipoxin B 4 (LXB 4 ) is a member of the lipoxin family, with its proresolving effects shown in allergic airway inflammation. However, its effects on the adaptive immune system, especially on human B cells, are not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of LXB 4 on human B cells using cells from healthy donors and donors vaccinated against influenza virus in vitro. LXB 4 promoted IgG Ab production in memory B cells and also increased the number of IgG-secreting B cells. LXB 4 enhanced expression of two key transcription factors involved in plasma cell differentiation, BLIMP1 and XBP1. Interestingly, LXB 4 increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), an enzyme that is required for efficient B cell Ab production. The effects of LXB 4 are at least partially COX2-dependent as COX2 inhibitors attenuated LXB 4 -stimulated BLIMP1 and Xpb-1 expression as well as IgG production. Thus, our study reveals for the first time, to our knowledge, that LXB 4 boosts memory B cell activation through COX2 and suggests that LXB 4 can serve as a new vaccine adjuvant.
Stories From the Webcams: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Audiology Telehealth and Pediatric Auditory Device Services

Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the regulatory, technological, and training considerations for audiologists investigating telehealth and to offer some examples of audiology se...
Analysis of monodisperse, sequence-defined, and POSS-functionalized polyester copolymers by MALDI tandem mass spectrometry.

Monodisperse, sequence-defined polymers can be potentially used for digital data storage. This study reports the sequence analysis and differentiation of monodisperse polyester copolymers carrying ...
Maintaining the Efficiency of the Indexable Insert of the Cutter During the Turning Surfaces of Complex Profile with the Vibrations

A universal model of the process of turning the surface of a complex profile is presented. The phenomena occurring when the brittle tip of the cutting element is embedded into the discontinuous surface of the workpiece are studied analytically. Solutions are proposed that contribute to the preservation of the workability of the indexable insert of the feed-through cutter in the conditions of turning structurally complex surfaces with vibrations.
Borohydride stabilized gold–silver bimetallic nanocatalysts for highly efficient 4-nitrophenol reduction

Bimetallic AuxAg1−x nanoparticles, prepared using sodium borohydride as the sole reducing and capping agent for various NaBH4 : metal molar ratios, were investigated as catalysts for 4-nitrophenol reduction. This approach yielded the highest catalytic activities observed for this model reaction to date.
Risk of dementia following androgen deprivation therapy for treatment of prostate cancer.

Evidence for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and risk of dementia is both limited and mixed. We aimed to assess the association between ADT and risk of dementia among men with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using SEER-Medicare-linked data among 100,414 men aged ≥ 66 years and diagnosed with localized and locally advanced PCa (cT1–cT4) between 1992 and 2009. We excluded men with a history of stroke, dementia, or use of psychiatric services. Men were followed until death or administrative end of follow-up at 36 months. Inverse-probability weighted Fine-Gray models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Alzheimer’s, all-cause dementia, and use of psychiatric services by duration of pharmacologic ADT (0, 1–6, and ≥ 7 months). Among 100,414 men with PCa (median age 73 [IQR: 69–77] years; 84% white, 10% black), 38% (n = 37,911) received ADT within 6 months of diagnosis. Receipt of any pharmacologic ADT was associated with a 17% higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.27), 23% higher risk of Alzheimer’s (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37), and 10% higher risk of psychiatric services use, though the confidence interval included the null (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.22). Longer duration of ADT (≥7 months) was associated with a 25% higher risk of all-cause dementia, 34% higher risk of Alzheimer’s, and 9% higher risk of psychiatric services, compared with no ADT. Our study supports an association between pharmacologic ADT and higher risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s, and use of psychiatric services among men with localized and locally advanced PCa.
The Lens of Neuropsychology: The Adolescent Brain

Examination of the brain and behavior connection is critical in the context of juvenile homicide
Personal Response Systems: Making an Informed Choice

The use of personal response systems, commonly referred to as clickers, lends itself well to supporting active learning, particularly in a large classroom setting. However, the market is expanding and the options available to instructors can be overwhelming. This chapter serves as a guide to instructors, presenting some factors to consider when choosing a personal response system. It includes a brief discussion about how clickers can be used in the college setting to promote active learning, with a focus on the importance of clicker question design and effective strategies for implementation. Informed by faculty interviews and student surveys, it provides an overview of the types of clicker-based technologies currently available, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each. It ends with a discussion about what students and faculty think about the various options for clickers and their use, as well as questions to consider when selecting a personal response system for one’s classroom.
Durability of Commercially Available GFRP Reinforcement in Seawater-Mixed Concrete under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Abstract The effect of seawater used as mixing water in concrete on the long-term properties of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars is the focus of this work. The durability of GFRP bars emb...
FPGA Design of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) for Isomorphic Transformation and EC ElGamal Encryption

Attacking or tampering with sensitive data continues to increase risks to economic processes or human activities. These risks are significant key factors to improve the development and implementation of security systems. Therefore, improving cryptography is essentially needed to enhance the security of critical data. For example, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over the Galois field $GF(2^{163})$ is one of the public-key (asymmetric) cryptographic techniques, in which demands mapping a message (163-bit) to a point in the prime subgroup of the elliptic curve. To the best of our knowledge, mapping methods are not yet available on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Also, asymmetric encryption schemes often do not consider encrypting/decrypting data packets because of their computation complexity and performance limitations. In this letter, we propose and develop a concurrent reconfigurable cryptosystem to encrypt and decrypt stream of data using ECC on FPGA. First, we present hardware design and implementation to map a plain message on the elliptic curve based on isomorphic transformation, then second, we architect the elliptic curve ElGamal public-key encryption method by using point addition and multiplication on Koblitz elliptic curve on FPGA. Our proposed cryptosystem is synthesized and implemented on Intel Cyclone 10 GX and Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGAs to evaluate throughput, and it achieves 25.73-57.1 Mbps.
Exertional Heat-Stroke Management Practices and Intentions Among Secondary School Football Athletic Trainers.

CONTEXT Athletic trainers (ATs) are educated and trained in appropriate exertional heat-stroke (EHS) management strategies, yet disparities may exist between intended and actual uses in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To examine the intended and actual uses of EHS management strategies among those who did and those who did not treat patients with suspected cases of EHS during the 2017 high school (HS) American football preseason. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online questionnaire. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 1016 ATs who oversaw patient care during the 2017 HS American football preseason. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Responding HS ATs recorded whether they had or had not managed patients with suspected EHS events during the 2017 HS American football preseason. Those who had managed patients with suspected cases of EHS reported the management strategies used; those who had not managed such patients described their intended management strategies. For each management strategy, z tests compared the proportions of actual use among ATs who managed patients with suspected EHS with the proportions of intended use among ATs who did not manage such patients. RESULTS Overall, 124 (12.2%) ATs treated patients with suspected EHS cases during the 2017 HS American football preseason. Generally, the proportions of intended use of management strategies among ATs who did not treat patients with suspected EHS were higher than the actual use of those strategies among ATs who did. For example, ATs who did treat patients with suspected EHS were more likely than those who did not treat such patients to intend to take rectal temperature (19.6% versus 3.2%, P < .001) and immerse the athlete in ice water (90.1% versus 51.6%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Inconsistencies occurred between intended and actual use of EHS management strategies. The standard of care for managing patients with suspected cases of EHS was not consistently used in clinical practice, although ATs who did not treat EHS stated they intended to use these management strategies more frequently. Future researchers should identify factors that preclude ATs from using the standard of care when treating patients with suspected cases of EHS.
Abstract A13: Clinical characteristics of responders to nivolumab plus ipilimumab (Nivo/Ipi) in metastatic uveal melanoma

In the U.S., prospective clinical trial data regarding nivolumab plus ipilimumab for metastatic uveal melanoma have yet to be reported. Here we present clinical data regarding responders to nivolumab plus ipilimumab that occurred in the context of a prospective clinical trial. NCT01585194 is an open-label, phase II study of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma. Patients with confirmed metastatic uveal melanoma received nivolumab 1 mg/kg followed by ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for 4 doses, followed by up to 2 years of nivolumab maintenance. Response was evaluated using irRC beginning at week 12 and every 12 weeks thereafter. Responses were rare, but were seen in 3 patients, all female, with a mean age of 48. These subjects had hepatic M1b metastases (67%) and extrahepatic M1a metastasis (33%), and all three patients experienced a partial response at the first restaging, after 4 doses of Nivo/Ipi. Two additional patients, who came off study after two doses prior to response evaluation, one due to protocol-limiting hyperglycemia, and the other due to hyperuricemia and AKI, with M1b and M1a hepatic metastases, respectively, experienced partial responses. The first of these patients continued on additional Nivo/Ipi and developed a partial response 6 months after clinical trial initiation. The second patient never resumed additional treatment for metastatic disease. Her restaging scans 2 months after clinical trial initiation showed partial response; five months after initiation, her response continues with >70% reduction in tumor burden. Responders to Nivo/Ipi had the following immune-mediated toxicities: endocrinopathy, vitiligo, diarrhea, pneumonitis, transaminitis, hyperglycemia, and nephritis. Baseline tissue analysis on one of the responders showed sheets of cytotoxic T lymphocytes invading the tumor in a biopsy specimen. Responses to Nivo/Ipi in metastatic uveal melanoma are not confined to extrahepatic sites. In our study, 4 of 5 (80%) responses were seen in hepatic metastases. Durability of responses and impact on overall survival remain to be seen, and tissue-based exploratory correlative studies are under way. Citation Format: Michael Paul Shephard, Maura Glover, Gener Balmes, Suzanne Cain, Anna Vardeleon, Rosalind Mouton, Liberty Posada, Rinata Simien, Patrick Hwu, Michael Davies, Cassian Yee, Michael Wong, Hussein Tawbi, Scott Woodman, Rodabe Amaria, Adi Diab, Isabella Glitza, Wen-Jen Hwu, Sapna Patel. Clinical characteristics of responders to nivolumab plus ipilimumab (Nivo/Ipi) in metastatic uveal melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Reliability of Smartphone Pulse Oximetry in Subjects at Risk for Hypoxemia.

BACKGROUND: Pulse oximeters are used to measure S pO 2 and pulse rate. These devices are either standalone machines or integrated into physiologic monitoring systems. Some smartphones now have pulse oximetry capabilities. Because it is possible that some patients might utilize this technology, we sought to assess the accuracy and usability of smartphone pulse oximeters. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study that involved noninvasive measurements of S pO 2 and heart rate with 3 devices: Masimo Radical-7, Kenek Edge with the Apple iPhone 6S, and the Samsung S8 smartphone. Ambulatory adult patients visiting our institution’s pulmonary function lab for a 6-min walk test were eligible to participate in the study. Pretest and posttest results for each subject were obtained simultaneously using all 3 devices. All results were analyzed with the Spearman rho correlation test, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement of measures between the devices. RESULTS: Forty-seven subjects were enrolled in the study, with pulmonary hypertension (30%) and COPD (23%) being the 2 major diagnoses. The mean ± SD difference between the Masimo and Apple devices for pretest S pO 2 was 2.3 ± 2.4%, and the difference for posttest S pO 2 was 2.1 ± 3.9%. The mean difference between the Masimo and Samsung devices for pretest S pO 2 was 3.2 ± 2.8%, and the difference for posttest S pO 2 was 2.4 ± 3.5%. The number of subjects who were unable to obtain S pO 2 was higher with the Samsung device than with the Apple device in both pretest (14 of 47 vs 3 of 47) and posttest (17 of 47 vs 5 of 47). In contrast, the Masimo device was able to measure S pO 2 in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone pulse oximeters were unreliable compared to a hospital pulse oximeter. Further research is needed with evolving technology to better understand smartphone pulse oximetry. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT03534271.)
Discourses of colorblind racism on an internet forum

This paper analyzes discourses of everyday racism and colorblind racism on an internet forum. While skin color is invisible online, identities as black, white and shades in between show through par...
Long-Term Variability of Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality: The Look AHEAD Study.

Background We evaluated the associations of visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and deaths in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods We analyzed 4,152 participants in Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) free of CVD events and deaths during the first 36 months of follow-up. Variability of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) across 4 annual visits was assessed using the intraindividual SD, variation independent of the mean, and coefficient of variation. Cox regression was used to generate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, or CVD-related deaths) and mortality. Results Over a median of 6.6 years, there were 220 MIs, 105 stroke cases, 62 CVD-related deaths, and 236 deaths. After adjustment for confounders including average BP, the aHRs for the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of SD of SBP were 1.98 (95% CI 1.01-3.92), 1.25 (95% CI 0.90-1.72), 1.26 (95% CI 0.96-1.64), 1.05 (95% CI 0.75-1.46), and 1.64 (95% CI 0.99-2.72) for CVD mortality, all-cause mortality, CVD, MI, and stroke, respectively. The equivalent aHRs for SD of DBP were 1.84 (95% CI 0.98-3.48), 1.43 (95% CI 1.03-1.98), 1.19 (95% CI 0.91-1.56), 1.14 (95% CI 0.82-1.58), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.58-1.60), respectively. Conclusions In a large sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes, a greater variability in SBP was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and CVD events; a higher variability in DBP was linked to increased overall and cardiovascular mortality.
Introduction and Background Information

Garrett has had difficulty paying attention since the first grade and has consistently been described by his teachers and parents as “challenging” and “impulsive.” Garrett’s parents were often frustrated with his below average grades and felt that he “did not apply himself.” Garrett was evaluated by his pediatrician and diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the 3rd grade, and he began taking methylphenidate. He also received special educational services throughout elementary, middle, and high school. Garrett graduated from high school and is beginning his first semester at a university located in the northeast region of the United States. Garrett’s parents are concerned about his poor organizational skills and ability to manage on his own without the support he was accustomed to receiving prior to college.
What Came Before: Remembering Movements with Philadelphia’s Teacher-Organizers

This article discusses the relationship between the contemporary teacher movement and the social, political, and labor movements of the past. Using interviews with Philadelphia teacher-organizers, this investigation highlights specific past movements that shaped, informed, and inspired their work in the City. More specifically, the significance of the Jewish labor movement and Black liberation movements will be explored, underscoring the ways that many of today’s movement teachers learn from and stand in solidarity with the movements that came before.
Trifluoromethyl substitution enhances photoinduced activity against breast cancer cells but reduces ligand exchange in Ru(II) complex

A series of five ruthenium complexes containing triphenyl phosphine groups known to enhance both cellular penetration and photoinduced ligand exchange, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(P(p-R-Ph)3)(CH3CN)]2+, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and P(p-R-Ph)3 represent para-substituted triphenylphosphine ligands with R = –OCH3 (1), –CH3 (2) –H (3), –F (4), and –CF3 (5), were synthesized and characterized. The photolysis of 1–5 in water with visible light (λirr ≥ 395 nm) results in the substitution of the coordinated acetonitrile with a solvent molecule, generating the corresponding aqua complex as the single photoproduct. A 3-fold variation in quantum yield was measured with 400 nm irradiation, Φ400, where 1 is the most efficient with a Φ400 = 0.076(2), and 5 the least photoactive complex, with Φ400 = 0.026(2). This trend is unexpected based on the red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption of 1 as compared to that of 5, but can be correlated to the substituent Hammett para parameters and pKa values of the ancillary phosphine ligands. Complexes 1–5 are not toxic towards the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in the dark, but 3 and 5 are >4.2 and >19-fold more cytotoxic upon irradiation with blue light, respectively. A number of experiments point to apoptosis, and not to necrosis or necroptosis, as the mechanism of cell death by 5 upon irradiation. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the role of phosphine ligands on photoinduced ligand substitution and show the enhancement afforded by –CF3 groups on photochemotherapy, which will aid the future design of photocages for photochemotherapeutic drug delivery.
The Economic Benefits of Pre-School in South Carolina

This analysis begins with a description of the current opportunities for South Carolina’s children to enroll in early education programs, including information on total state funding. Next, is outlined options for significantly expanding pre-school options but also maintaining high quality. These new policies are then evaluated to determine the likely economic consequences.
Empowered library eLearning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide librarians with an alternative method to capture assessment from information literacy tutorials and produce reporting without the need of conventional learning management systems (LMS).Design/methodology/approach – This study captures the procedure by which Monmouth University Library used its Association of College and Research Libraries Peer‐reviewed Instructional Materials Online (ACRL PRIMO)‐awarded plagiarism prevention tutorial to assess Adobe Connect's ability to function as a library‐based, librarian friendly LMS.Findings – Both Adobe Captivate and Connect are effective tools that produce and report high quality data which can be shared with academic departments to build strong relationships and further information literacy initiatives. Adobe Captivate tutorials are easily developed and highly customizable; librarians can modify their work and publish updated learning tutorials instantaneously without LMS administrator involvement due to Adobe Conn...
Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant.

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common serious neurologic event of the neonatal period, largely because of the remarkable increase in survival rates of particularly small infants, who are at highest risk for the disorder and its sequelae. Discussed are the neuropathology, pathogenesis, clinical features, prognosis, diagnosis, and management of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications, with special emphasis on recent trends in monitoring and management.
Increased transmitter release at excitatory synapses produced by direct activation of adenylate cyclase in rat hippocampal slices

The field EPSP recorded in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices is potentiated by bath application of the direct adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (Chavez-Noriega and Stevens, 1992a). We have now used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to analyze the effect of forskolin on evoked synaptic currents and on spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) recorded in rat hippocampal slices in order to determine the relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms to this increased synaptic strength. Application of 50 microM forskolin in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) enhanced the evoked EPSC (eEPSC) peak amplitude to 230 +/- 43% of control (n = 13). No significant change in sEPSC or in mEPSC amplitude was detected after forskolin addition (106 +/- 7%, n = 9), indicating that postsynaptic receptor sensitivity at synaptic junctions is not greatly affected. In contrast, a large increase in sEPSC and mEPSC frequency was noted in all cells (299 +/- 81%). Following forskolin application, the amplitude distribution of evoked synaptic currents shifted to larger values, but more significantly, a sharp decrease in failure rate was produced in all cells tested. Also, a significant correlation was found between the potentiation produced by forskolin in IBMX on the eEPSC and the ratio of the squared coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean). Finally, a quantal analysis of four cells was consistent with the hypothesis that transmitter release was increased by forskolin/IBMX with, if anything, a concomitant decrease in quantal size. Together, these observations indicate that presynaptic mechanisms significantly contribute to the enhancement produced by this diterpene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lottery Acquisition versus Information Acquisition: Prices and Preference Reversals

Suppose you must choose between two pieces of information A and B. In the absence of cost, you would prefer to obtain A rather than B, and in fact would be willing to take more risk to obtain A than B. Nevertheless, you would pay more money for B than for A. Are your preferences consistent with expected utility? The answer is yes; they may very well be. We give an example to illustrate how this may happen, and relate this reversal phenomenon to the well-known discrepancy between buying and selling prices for lotteries. Along the way, we demonstrate that even though selling an information source is strictly analogous to selling a lottery, buying an information source is not strictly analogous to buying a lottery. However, for any collection of lotteries there is a decision problem with corresponding information sources, each source having both buying price and selling price equal to the buying and selling prices of the corresponding lottery. The existence of preference reversals for mode of information acquisition dispels any notion that the relative value of competing information acquisitions should not depend on the nature of the acquisition. Among expected utility maximizers, only those with constant risk attitude avoid these reversals.
High efficiency 1 micron thick sputtered CdTe solar cells

Large scale (gigawatts/yr) manufacturing of CdTe PV modules may be constrained due to the limited availability of the relatively rare (Te) element and the volume of potentially hazardous (Cd) material being used in 3-8 /spl mu/m thick CdTe absorber layer. This work is focused on cells with much thinner CdTe layers. Magnetron sputtering was used to prepare a series of CdS/CdTe cells with CdTe thickness from 0.5 to 1.28 /spl mu/m. Optimization of the post-deposition CdCl/sub 2/ treatment and back contact processing for the thinner layers improves the efficiency to very close to thicker CdTe cells. An efficiency of 11.8% has been achieved using only 0.87 /spl mu/m of CdTe. This cell showed V/sub OC/ of 772 mV, J/sub SC/ of 21.98 mA/cm/sup 2/ and FF of 69.7%.
Delay-hopped transmitted-reference RF communications

Previously, the authors have invented and experimented with a new radio communications scheme called delay-hopped transmitted-reference (DHTR) radio. This technique can function either as an impulse radio, or can employ a more traditional spread-spectrum carrier such as broadband noise. The DHTR method is well-suited to short-range transmissions in a high multipath environment, and, in contrast to time-modulated impulse radio, is easy to synchronize at the receiver. Finally, DHTR receivers and transmitters are not highly complex, and can be implemented in a cost-effective way.
The Gramene Genetic Diversity Module: a resource for genotype-phenotype association analysis in grass species

The Genetic Diversity module of the Gramene database ("http://www.gramene.org/diversity":http://www.gramene.org/diversity) is specifically designed to handle data from high-throughput sequencing and array-based genotyping plateforms. Empowered by the Genomic Diversity and Phenotype Data Model, Gramene Genetic Diversity module provides live database connectivities of RFLP, SSR and SNP allele data, information about QTL, passport data for wild and cultivated germplasm from rice, maize, wheat, and Arabidopsis, and quantitative phenotypic data for some of these accessions. Large datasets of SNP variation are searchable via genomic positions of interest by SNP Query tool on a sequenced genome; and, trait associations, patterns of linkage disequilibrium and diversity can be evaluated using TASSEL. The Gramene database is updated twice a year, with the most recent release (Build 31) completed in May 2010.