cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of the normal and oncogenic forms of the neu tyrosine kinase, and the corresponding forms of an immunoglobulin E receptor/neu tyrosine kinase fusion protein, on Xenopus oocyte maturation

In this work, we have used Xenopus oocyte maturation as a read-out for examining the ability of the neu tyrosine kinase (p185neu) to participate with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in a common signal transduction pathway. We find that unlike the case for the EGF receptor, which elicits EGF-dependent maturation of these oocytes as reflected by their germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), neither the normal neu tyrosine kinase (p185val664) nor the oncogenic form of neu (p185glu664) are able to effectively trigger this maturation event. However, expression of p185glu664 causes a specific and significant promotion of the progesterone-induced GVBD, reducing the half-time for this maturation even from approximately 9 h to approximately 5 h. Stimulation of the progesterone-induced GVBD did not occur following the expression of a kinase-deficient p185neu protein (in which a lysine residue at position 758 was changed to alanine). Essentially identical results were obtained when the mRNAs coding for fusion proteins comprised of the extracellular domain of the receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the membrane-spanning and tyrosine kinase domains of normal or oncogenic p185neu (designated IgER/p185val664 and IgER/p185glu664, respectively), were injected into oocytes. Antigen-induced crosslinking of IgER/p185val164 proteins expressed in oocytes caused a reduction in the half-time for the progesterone-stimulated GVBD from approximately 9 h to approximately 7 h. Thus, the aggregation of the membrane-spanning and/or tyrosine kinase domains of p185val664 partially mimics the effects of the oncogenic forms of p185neu. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that the activation of the p185neu tyrosine kinase by a point mutation within its membrane-spanning helix, or an aggregation event, can result in the facilitation of oocyte maturation events that are elicited by other factors (e.g. progesterone). However, the activated p185neu tyrosine kinases are not able to mimic the EGF-stimulated EGF receptor tyrosine kinase in triggering oocyte maturation, which suggests that the EGF receptor and the p185neu tyrosine kinase do not input into identical signal transduction pathways in these cells.
Strong sensitivity of late 21st century climate to projected changes in short-lived air pollutants

[1] This study examines the impact of projected changes (A1B ‘‘marker’’ scenario) in emissions of four short-lived air pollutants (ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate) on future climate. Through year 2030, simulated climate is only weakly dependent on the projected levels of short-lived air pollutants, primarily the result of a near cancellation of their global net radiative forcing. However, by year 2100, the projected decrease in sulfate aerosol (driven by a 65% reduction in global sulfur dioxide emissions) and the projected increase in black carbon aerosol (driven by a 100% increase in its global emissions) contribute a significant portion of the simulated A1B surface air warming relative to the year 2000: 0.2C (Southern Hemisphere), 0.4C globally, 0.6C (Northern Hemisphere), 1.5–3C (wintertime Arctic), and 1.5–2 C( 40% of the total) in the summertime United States. These projected changes are also responsible for a significant decrease in central United States late summer root zone soil water and precipitation. By year 2100, changes in short-lived air pollutants produce a global average increase in radiative forcing of 1W /m 2 ; over east Asia it exceeds 5 W/m 2 . However, the resulting regional patterns of surface temperature warming do not follow the regional patterns of changes in short-lived species emissions, tropospheric loadings, or radiative forcing (global pattern correlation coefficient of 0.172). Rather, the regional patterns of warming from short-lived species are similar to the patterns for well-mixed greenhouse gases (global pattern correlation coefficient of 0.8) with the strongest warming occurring over the summer continental United States, Mediterranean Sea, and southern Europe and over the winter Arctic.
Alterations in immediate-early gene proteins in the rat forebrain induced by acute morphine injection

Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) induced a complex immediate-early gene response in the rat forebrain, as detected with immunocytochemistry. The c-Fos protein was induced consistently in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen, the nucleus accumbens, and in midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. In some rats induction was also seen in the parietal and insular cortex and in lateral regions of the caudate-putamen. Induction was detectable, although weak, at 30 min, was maximal at 2 h, and was undetectable 3 h after injection. JunB was induced in the same regions of the caudate-putamen as found for c-Fos, but was not induced in the nucleus accumbens or thalamus. In the caudate-putamen, JunB induction was still present 3 h after injection. A considerably smaller induction of c-Jun was noted in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen and in deep neocortex. Expression of JunD was inhibited in intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei. Increases in numbers of cells immunoreactive for a Jun-related antigen (Jra) were found in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens. These results indicate a complex immediate-early gene response to acute morphine, suggesting that morphine activates or inhibits specific neurons and circuits in the forebrain.
Inside Intel's i960CA superscalar processor

Abstract Intel Corporation's i960CA superscalar processor is capable of the dispatch and execution of multiple independent instructions during each processor clock cycle. The paper discusses both the macro- and microarchitecture of the i960CA, including aspects that allow superscalar implementations. Referring to the 80960KA, 80960KB and 80960MC implementations of the 960 architecture, in addition to the i960CA, subroutine calling sequences, and debugging and programming considerations are examined. Superscalar architectures are defined and the microarchitecture of the i960CA is described in detail. The processor's performance is evaluated and limiting factors explained.
Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Future Resource Development in Louisiana Wetlands

Louisiana wetlands require careful management to allow exploitation of non-renewable resources without destroying renewable resources. Current regulatory requirements have been moderately successful in meeting this goal by restricting development in wetland habitats. Continuing public emphasis on reducing environmental impacts of resource development is causing regulators to reassess their regulations and operators to rethink their compliance strategies. In addition regulators need forecasts of future E&P trends to estimate the impact of future regulations. To determine future activity we created two econometric models of North and South Louisiana relating drilling activity, success ratio, and price to future wetland filling locations. Results of the models indicate that environmental regulations have a small but statistically significant effect on drilling operations in wetland areas. Operators want cost effective means of access that will reduce Environmental impacts, decrease permitting time, and limit future liability. We examined the regulatory system and found that reducing the number of applications required by going to a single application process and having a coherent map of the steps required for operations in wetland areas would reduce burdens. Incremental changes can be made to regulations to allow one agency to be the lead for wetland permitting at minimal cost to operators. Inmore » the interim, careful planning to account for environmental impacts in all stages of the exploration process can reduce environmental costs for operators. Operator emphasis should be on avoidance rather than mitigation. Alternative methods of access to avoid impacts exist but at present they are not cost effective for all locations. Future technological innovations such as waste minimization strategies, 3-D seismic and coiled tubing will lead to reduced environmental impacts and costs for operators.« less
Political Animals in the Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotle claimed that the happiest life for a human being is the life of moral virtue.' The life of courage, temperance, justice, and the other virtues of character is better for the person living that life than a life that lacks those virtues. Having the sort of character which leads in a predictable way to actions which are, on the whole, socially beneficial ones, is in the best interest of any individual. This is not, and indeed was not thought even by Aristotle to be, a claim so compellingly true that it commands the immediate assent of every human being. Nevertheless, he does not take it as a major task of his moral theory to reconcile private interest and the common good. What for us are familiar questions about the relation between egoism and altruism, and prudence and morality, are simply not questions for Aristotle.2 This is not because he had never met any selfish people, or persons who saw their own good as distinct from, and in conflict with, that of others. He does not, however, recognize the possibility of any genuine conflict between the rational pursuit of one's own happiness and the promotion of the happiness of others. Those who see a conflict are, in his eyes, simply mistaken about the nature of their own good. The attempt to reconcile the rational pursuit of one's own happiness with the equally rational pursuit of the happiness of others led the great modern moral philosophers Kant and Sidgwick to God and to despair, respectively. Aristotle confidently asserts their identity. This is deeply puzzling.
Economical Scheme for Estimating Orbital Lifetimes

Contents The application of radioisotopes to provide electric power to spacecraft by means of thermoelectric conversion has led to a requirement to conduct preflight safety evaluations relative to the eventual re-entry of the nuclear heat source under both normal and abnormal flight conditions. Abnormal conditions may be caused by a failure of the launch vehicle that results in the satellite being inadvertently injected into an undesired orbit around the earth. Nuclear heat sources are designed to reenter intact subsequent to such a launch failure. For this contingency, it becomes necessary to ascertain the lifetime of the orbit so that an assessment can be made of the risk associated with the re-entry. The primary nonconservative force affecting the orbital lifetime of a satellite is atmospheric drag, which is directly proportional to atmospheric density. Previous lifetime estimates were based on either "lifetime" charts] or computer programs2 using a direct integration of the equations of motion. The charts had been based on a Standard Atmosphere and did not account for the large variation in upper atmospheric properties resulting from solar activity. The computer programs, at the other extreme, are quite sophisticated and costly since they have the capability of accounting for daily and even hourly variations in atmospheric properties. The major factor that affects high-altitude atmospheric density is the variation caused by the 11-year cycle of solar activity. It was decided to develop a simple and efficient semianalytic^ procedure directed toward long life time estimates (> 100 yrs), accepting some inaccuracies in the solution of the equation of motion as being compatible with the degree of uncertainty in solar activity predictions. The numerical procedure for solving Lagrange's planetary equation is based on the development presented by KingHele,3 the major assumptions being: a) air drag is the only nonconservative force considered; b) during one revolution, the action of air drag changes the orbit by a small amount; and c) air density varies exponentially with height above perigee. The atmospheric model relating density to altitude is
Enhanced toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain Buibui toxin to oriental beetle and northern masked chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with Bacillus sp. NFD2.

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain Buibui (Btj) has the potential to be an important control agent for pest scarabs. Bioassays using autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil showed there were always lower LC50 values associated with nonautoclaved soil. We identified five other bacteria found in the hemolymph of insects killed by Btj and used them in bioassays to see whether we could enhance the control achieved with Btj alone. One bacterium, designated NFD2 and later identified as a Bacillus sp., showed the greatest enhancement of Btj in preliminary experiments and was used in bioassays with Btj versus oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse), and northern masked chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), larvae. This bacterium alone was nontoxic to grubs in bioassays. A combination of this bacterium with Btj in nonautoclaved soil resulted in a significantly lower LC50 value (0.23 µg toxin per g soil) from all other treatments for A. orientalis with one exception; the ...
Privacy preserving spectral clustering over vertically partitioned data sets

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular modern clustering techniques that often outperforms other clustering techniques. When data owned by different parties are used for analysis, the cooperating parties may need to perform spectral clustering jointly, even if the parties may not be willing to disclose their private data to each other. In this paper we develop privacy preserving spectral clustering protocols over vertically partitioned data sets. Such protocols allow various parties to analyze their data jointly while protecting their privacy.
Schistosome tegumental ecto-apyrase (SmATPDase1) degrades exogenous pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides.

Schistosomes are parasitic worms that can survive in the hostile environment of the human bloodstream where they appear refractory to both immune elimination and thrombus formation. We hypothesize that parasite migration in the bloodstream can stress the vascular endothelium causing this tissue to release chemicals alerting responsive host cells to the stress. Such chemicals are called damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and among the most potent is the proinflammatory mediator, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, the ATP derivative ADP is a pro-thrombotic molecule that acts as a strong activator of platelets. Schistosomes are reported to possess at their host interactive tegumental surface a series of enzymes that could, like their homologs in mammals, degrade extracellular ATP and ADP. These are alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), phosphodiesterase (SmNPP-5) and ATP diphosphohydrolase (SmATPDase1). In this work we employ RNAi to knock down expression of the genes encoding these enzymes in the intravascular life stages of the parasite. We then compare the abilities of these parasites to degrade exogenously added ATP and ADP. We find that only SmATPDase1-suppressed parasites are significantly impaired in their ability to degrade these nucleotides. Suppression of SmAP or SmNPP-5 does not appreciably affect the worms’ ability to catabolize ATP or ADP. These findings are confirmed by the functional characterization of the enzymatically active, full-length recombinant SmATPDase1 expressed in CHO-S cells. The enzyme is a true apyrase; SmATPDase1 degrades ATP and ADP in a cation dependent manner. Optimal activity is seen at alkaline pH. The Km of SmATPDase1 for ATP is 0.4 ± 0.02 mM and for ADP, 0.252 ± 0.02 mM. The results confirm the role of tegumental SmATPDase1 in the degradation of the exogenous pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides ATP and ADP by live intravascular stages of the parasite. By degrading host inflammatory signals like ATP, and pro-thrombotic signals like ADP, these parasite enzymes may minimize host immune responses, inhibit blood coagulation and promote schistosome survival.
Interventions to improve the oral feeding performance of preterm infants

This review presents a summary of our current understanding of the development of preterm infant oral feeding skills, the feeding issues they are facing, and evidence-based approaches that facilitate their transition from tube to oral feeding. The field of infant oral feeding research is understudied as the recognition of its importance truly came about with the increased preterm population and the realization that a large number of these infants are not safe and competent oral feeders. It is understandable that this research has taken a “back seat” to the more immediate concerns of saving these babies’ lives. However, the time has now come when these infants make up a large proportion of patients referred to feeding specialists for unresolved oral feeding problems during their stay in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as well as post-discharge. Unfortunately, due to the limited research so far conducted in this domain, available therapies are limited and lack evidence-based support. Fortunately, this growing medical concern is stimulating deeper research interests and funding. It is hoped that the information provided will assist the development of systematic differential diagnostic approaches to address infant oral feeding issues.
Optimal Huffman coding of DCT blocks

It is a well-observed characteristic that, when a discrete cosine transform block is traversed in the zigzag order, ac coefficients generally decrease in size and the runs of zero coefficients increase in length. This paper presents a minor modification to the Huffman coding of the JPEG baseline compression algorithm to exploit this characteristic. During the run-length coding, instead of pairing a nonzero ac coefficient with the run-length of the preceding zero coefficients, our encoder pairs it with the run-length of subsequent zeros. This small change makes it possible for our codec to code a pair using a separate Huffman code table optimized for the position of the nonzero coefficient denoted by the pair. These position-dependent code tables can be encoded efficiently without incurring a sizable overhead. Experimental results show that our encoder produces a further reduction in the ac coefficient Huffman code size by about 10%-15%.
Intrusion detection model based on selective packet sampling

Recent experimental work by Androulidakis and Papavassiliou (IET Commun 2(3):399, 2008; IEEE Netw 23(1):6, 2009) has shown that it is possible to maintain a high level of network security while selectively inspecting packets for the existence of intrusive activity, thereby resulting in a minimal amount of processing overhead. In this paper, a statistical approach for the modeling of network intrusions as Markov processes is introduced. The theoretical findings presented here confirm the earlier experimental results of Androulidakis and Papavassiliou. A common notion about network intrusion detection systems is that every packet arriving into a network must be inspected in order to prevent intrusions. This investigation, together with the earlier experimental results, disproves that notion. Additional experimental testing of a corporate local area network is reported.
MCDB-R: risk analysis in the database

Enterprises often need to assess and manage the risk arising from uncertainty in their data. Such uncertainty is typically modeled as a probability distribution over the uncertain data values, specified by means of a complex (often predictive) stochastic model. The probability distribution over data values leads to a probability distribution over database query results, and risk assessment amounts to exploration of the upper or lower tail of a query-result distribution. In this paper, we extend the Monte Carlo Database System to efficiently obtain a set of samples from the tail of a query-result distribution by adapting recent "Gibbs cloning" ideas from the simulation literature to a database setting.
Beginning Teachers in Special Education: A Model For Providing Individualized Support:

In the face of acute personnel shortages, large numbers of beginning special education teachers are abandoning their chosen careers. Under the best of conditions, novice special educators are both a valuable and fragile resource with even the most motivated and best prepared experiencing frustration, stress, and disillusionment. In this article we describe a model for providing individualized and comprehensive support for beginning special educators. The underlying assumption of the model is that support for beginning teachers must take into account the full series of dynamic interacting factors that are (a) specific to the individual and (b) specific to the teaching environment and tasks that are to be accomplished. After describing the interacting factors in the model, we provide recommendations for implementation of the beginning teacher support model.
Velopharyngeal aerodynamics of /m/ and /p/ in tracheoesophageal speech.

Abstract Summary The purpose of this study was to compare oral pressure (P o ), nasal airflow (V n ), and velopharyngeal (VP) orifice area estimates from 12 tracheoesophageal (TE) and 12 laryngeal speakers as they produced /p/ and /m/ in syllable series. The findings were as follows: (1) TE speakers produced greater P o than the laryngeal speakers; (2) for /p/, TE speakers generated V n , and VP orifice area estimates comparable with, or less than, the laryngeal speakers; and (3) for /m/, TE speakers had V n and VP orifice area estimates greater than the laryngeal speakers. The elevated P o could be the result of several factors such as high source driving pressures and vocal tract volume changes postlaryngectomy. Attempts at more precise articulation, and subsequently less coarticulation, by the TE speakers may explain the V n and VP orifice area estimates for /p/ and /m/. TE speakers may be limiting the oral-nasal cavity coupling for /p/ (smaller VP gap, less V n ) in an attempt to produce a very precise oral /p/. For /m/, TE speakers may be attempting to overtly mark the consonant as a nasal (greater V n , larger VP gap). Further studies are needed to confirm/refute the explanations postulated here regarding the VP aerodynamic differences that were identified.
Serelaxin and acute heart failure

Attempts at developing novel therapeutic agents for acute heart failure (AHF) over the past two decades have been marked by disappointment. Relaxin is a human peptide hormone believed to mediate many adaptive haemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy. Because these effects may be useful for treating AHF, a recombinant version of human relaxin-2, serelaxin, has been developed as a novel therapeutic agent. Studies have confirmed serelaxin's haemodynamic effects of decreasing pulmonary and systemic resistance and increasing renal blood flow. A 1161-patient, placebo-controlled Phase III trial, RELAX-AHF, demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms, reduced worsening of heart failure, decreased hospital length of stay and increased 180-day survival after index hospitalisation. Additional Phase III trials (RELAX-AHF-2; RELAX-AHF-ASIA) are underway to further evaluate the efficacy of serelaxin in patients with AHF. This article will review the physiological function, mechanism of action, clinical trial results and future directions of serelaxin in the treatment of AHF.
Penetration of the eastern subterranean termite into soil treated at various thicknesses and concentrations of Dursban TC and Premise 75.

The ability of eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), to penetrate various concentrations and treatment thicknesses ranging from 1.0 to 50.0 mm of Dursban TC and Premise 75 was evaluated in a laboratory bioassay. Termites penetrated only a few millimeters into 500 ppm Dursban TC-treated soil at all thicknesses. As concentration decreased, termite penetration into Dursban TC-treated soil increased with termites generally penetrating completely through 5.0- and 0.5-ppm treatments. Termites penetrated at least 30% into 10-, 25-, and 50-mm thicknesses of 100 ppm Premise 75. Termites generally completely penetrated all concentrations ≤100 ppm and thicknesses ≤5 mm. At 7 d, termite mortality was 100% at all treatment thicknesses of Dursban TC at 500 and 50 ppm. At 5.0 and 0.5 ppm Dursban TC, termite mortality ranged from ≈45 to 98% across all treatment thicknesses. At 100- and 10-ppm concentrations of Premise 75-treated soil, termites suffered ≥75% mortality. Premise 75 at 1.0 and 0.1 ppm generally killed ≤50% of the assayed termites at all treatment thicknesses.
Characterizing nonconstant instrumental variance in emerging miniaturized analytical techniques

Measurement variance is a crucial aspect of quantitative chemical analysis. Variance directly affects important analytical figures of merit, including detection limit, quantitation limit, and confidence intervals. Most reported analyses for emerging analytical techniques implicitly assume constant variance (homoskedasticity) by using unweighted regression calibrations. Despite the assumption of constant variance, it is known that most instruments exhibit heteroskedasticity, where variance changes with signal intensity. Ignoring nonconstant variance results in suboptimal calibrations, invalid uncertainty estimates, and incorrect detection limits. Three techniques where homoskedasticity is often assumed were covered in this work to evaluate if heteroskedasticity had a significant quantitative impact-naked-eye, distance-based detection using paper-based analytical devices (PADs), cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) with disposable carbon-ink electrode devices, and microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with conductivity detection. Despite these techniques representing a wide range of chemistries and precision, heteroskedastic behavior was confirmed for each. The general variance forms were analyzed, and recommendations for accounting for nonconstant variance discussed. Monte Carlo simulations of instrument responses were performed to quantify the benefits of weighted regression, and the sensitivity to uncertainty in the variance function was tested. Results show that heteroskedasticity should be considered during development of new techniques; even moderate uncertainty (30%) in the variance function still results in weighted regression outperforming unweighted regressions. We recommend utilizing the power model of variance because it is easy to apply, requires little additional experimentation, and produces higher-precision results and more reliable uncertainty estimates than assuming homoskedasticity.
Hybrid plasmonic/electro-optic polymer modulator

We present theoretical design and experimental demonstration of electro-optic modulation in metallic slits infiltrated by polymer. Dynamic control over surface plasmon plaritons(SPPs) was achieved by modulating the refractive index of the polymer layer adjacent to the metal surface with interdigitated configuration. Intensity modulation of the Fano resonance of the sub-wavelength plasmonic structure was observed and expected to achieve high-speed operation.
Crystallization Kinetics Of Metallo-Organics Derived Pzt Thin Film

PZT films on fused silica substrates were prepared by a multiple dipping-firing process from a stable solution of titanium isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide and lead 2- ethylhexanoate. The crystallization kinetics of the amorphous PZT films was studied by quantitative X-ray analysis. The crystallization of the amorphous film to perovskite phaseinvolved a transitional pyrochlore structure phase. The entire crystallization was described by a consecutive phase transformation process in which nucleation dominated.
Effects of Gonad Stimulating Extracts on Basal Gaseous Metabolism in Rats.

Reiss and Winter,1 using extracts containing the sex maturity stimulating principle from the urine of pregnant women, found no constant effects on the oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production or respiratory quotient in rabbits. They used anesthetized animals, however, gave enormous doses, 200 to 4000 units of the material subcutaneously and followed the metabolism for only a few hours after each injection. We have used what are presumably more physiological doses, without anesthesia, and have followed the metabolic level during and after periods of continued daily administration.Two sources of the sex maturity or gonad stimulating principle were used. One was an extract of sheep anterior lobe∗ and the other we prepared from the urine of women in the first half of pregnancy after the method of Biedl.2 The potency of the extracts used was assayed by testing on infantile rats. Twelve rats were used, 9 females and 3 males. Twenty determinations made in the first 1 to 4 hours following the subcutaneous ad...
Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Motives to Quit in Asian American Versus Caucasian College Students

INTRODUCTION Few smoking cessation programs are designed for college students, a unique population that may categorically differ from adolescents and adults, and thus may have different motivations to quit than the general adult population. Understanding college student motives may lead to better cessation interventions tailored to this population. Motivation to quit may differ, however, between racial groups. The current study is a secondary analysis examining primary motives in college student smokers, and differences between Asian American and Caucasian students in smoking frequency, nicotine dependence, and motives to quit. METHODS Participants (N = 97) listed personal motives to quit cigarette smoking, which were then coded into categories: health, personal relationships (e.g., friends, family, romantic partners), self-view (e.g., "addicted" or "not in control"), image in society, impact on others or the environment (e.g., second-hand smoke, pollution), and drain on personal resources (e.g., money, time). RESULTS Mean number of motives were highest in the category of health, followed by personal relationships, drain on resources, self-view, image, and impact. Asian American students listed significantly fewer motives in the categories of health, self-view and image, and significantly more in the category of personal relationships than Caucasian students. Nicotine dependence was significantly higher for Asian American students. However, frequency of smoking did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Results may inform customization of smoking cessation programs for college students and address relevant culturally specific factors of different racial groups.
Implications of Domain Specificity for Creativity Training

Creativity training is too important to let it be guided by invalid models. A domain-general understanding of creativity is likely to lead to approaches to teaching creativity that will be ineffective. This chapter does not endorse particular programs but outlines the kinds of creativity training that a domain-specific understanding of creativity supports. It also explains why even if creativity is to some degree domain general, it nonetheless makes sense to conduct creativity training as if creativity were entirely domain specific.
Selective loss of adipose cell responsiveness to glucagon with growth in the rat

In isolated fat cells, the same maximal rate of glycerol production can be induced by epinephrine or ACTH, alone or in combination with each other or with glucagon. With fat cells from rats weighing 150–175 g, the maximal rate of lipolysis attained with glucagon was 75–80% of that produced by epinephrine or ACTH, and with increasing size of the donor rat, the magnitude of the effect of glucagon relative to that of the other hormones declined markedly. In particulate preparations from fat cells of rats weighing 100–125 g, the maximal effect of glucagon on adenyl cyclase activity was about 60% of that of epinephrine, and was significantly less (30%) in preparations from 350–400 g rats. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that with growth of the rat there is a selective decline in the number of glucagon receptors relative to those for epinephrine or ACTH in the fat cell membrane.
Hygiene assessment of indoor air quality in the school of Qingdao city

Objective To understand the status of indoor air quality in classroom,laboratory,reading room,gym and dining room of school,protect the students' health and supply basic data for improving the indoor environmental quality.Methods The daily activity places in one school were detected and analyzed in Qingdao city.8 items were determined including temperature,humidity,wind speed,CO,CO2,formaldehyde,inhalable particulate(PM10) and air bacterium.Results The pollution of formaldehyde and PM10 were serious in indoor air,the exceeding rates of these two indicators were 80% and 50%.CO2 and air bacterium belonged to slight pollution,the exceeding rates of these two indicators were 20% and 10%.The correlation between the indoor concentrations of formaldehyde and CO2,indoor air PM10 and outdoor air PM10,air bacterium and indoor wind speed had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion It is necessary for the school to take corresponding countermeasures such as taking natural ventilation at regular time,fixing intelligent artificial ventilation system,using desks and chairs which should meet the hygienic requirements,school greening to improving the indoor air quality.
Using Branch-and-Price to Find High Quality Solutions Quickly

We develop an exact solution approach for integer programs that produces high- quality solutions quickly by solving well-chosen restrictions of the problem. Column generation is used both for generating these problem restrictions and for producing bounds on the value of an optimal solution to the problem. Obtaining primal solutions by solving problem restrictions also provides an easy way to search for improved solutions in the neighborhood of the current best solution. The overall approach is parallelized and computational experiments demonstrate its efficacy. An application to inventory routing is presented.
SU-F-I-73: Surface Dose from KV Diagnostic Beams From An On-Board Imager On a Linac Machine Using Different Imaging Techniques and Filters

Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the surface dose deposited in patients imaged with a kV on-board-imager mounted on a radiotherapy machine using different clinical imaging techniques and filters. Methods: A high sensitivity photon diode is used to measure the surface dose on central-axis and at an off-axis-point which is mounted on the top of a phantom setup. The dose is measured for different imaging techniques that include: AP-Pelvis, AP-Head, AP-Abdomen, AP-Thorax, and Extremity. The dose measurements from these imaging techniques are combined with various filtering techniques that include: no-filter (open-field), half-fan bowtie (HF), full-fan bowtie (FF) and Cu-plate filters. The relative surface dose for different imaging and filtering techniques is evaluated quantiatively by the ratio of the dose relative to the Cu-plate filter. Results: The lowest surface dose is deposited with the Cu-plate filter. The highest surface dose deposited results from open fields without filter and it is nearly a factor of 8–30 larger than the corresponding imaging technique with the Cu-plate filter. The AP-Abdomen technique delivers the largest surface dose that is nearly 2.7 times larger than the AP-Head technique. The smallest surface dose is obtained from the Extremity imaging technique. Imaging with bowtie filters decreases the surface dose by nearly 33% in comparison with the open field. The surface doses deposited with the HF or FF-bowtie filters are within few percentages. Image-quality of the radiographic images obtained from the different filtering techniques is similar because the Cu-plate eliminates low-energy photons. The HF- and FF-bowtie filters generate intensity-gradients in the radiographs which affects image-quality in the different imaging technique. Conclusion: Surface dose from kV-imaging decreases significantly with the Cu-plate and bowtie-filters compared to imaging without filters using open-field beams. The use of Cu-plate filter does not affect image-quality and may be used as the default in the different imaging techniques.
The Local Availability of Eye Care Providers and the Vision Health of Adults in the United States.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To examine whether the local availabilities of ophthalmologists and optometrists were associated with outcomes related to the prevention and timely treatment of vision conditions.Methods: Data on adults from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey were linked to county-level information on the numbers of ophthalmologists and optometrists per capita from the Area Health Resources File. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated for whether individuals likely to perceive themselves as being at lower risk of vision conditions had undergone a dilated eye exam in the previous 2 years, whether individuals with diabetes had a dilated eye exam in the previous year, and whether individuals with an age-related eye disease (ARED) had lost vision due to the condition. The models included measures of local eye care provider availability and additional explanatory variables.Results: The county-level availabilities of ophthalmologists and optometrists were positively and significantly rela...
Chapter 18 – O2 and CO2 Detection by the Carotid and Aortic Bodies

Abstract The carotid and aortic bodies are the sensory organs for monitoring arterial blood oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The type I cells, which are of neuronal phenotype, are the primary site of sensory transduction in the carotid and aortic bodies. Although the carotid bodies sense the reduction in partial pressure of O2, the aortic bodies are more sensitive to changes in arterial blood O2 content. Emerging evidence suggests that complex interplay among three gases—oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide—and their interaction with K+ channels and/or mitochondrial electron transport chain in type I cells is necessary for carotid body sensory nerve excitation by hypoxia. CO2 sensing by the carotid body requires changes in intracellular pH in type I cells. Available evidence, albeit limited, suggests that transduction processes similar to those identified in the carotid body also contribute to O2 and CO2 sensing by the aortic body.
Fish Is a Fighting Food: North American Canned Salmon and the First World War

The Northern Review 44 (2017): 457–464 During the First World War, the Pacific Northwest canned salmon industry, which was headquartered and operated in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, sent millions of cases of its product to Britain and France for consumption by Allied troops and civilians. The war transformed the canned salmon industry in ways that reverberated long after the 1918 armistice. In order to meet the ever growing demand for fish, the industry expanded dramatically, almost doubling overnight in some regions, which led to overfishing, depleted fish stocks, and concomitant government regulation of fisheries that would only increase over time. In addition, the high rates of product spoilage—a direct result of new and disreputable packing companies entering the market in hopes of securing guaranteed government contracts—led to greater enforcement of pure food laws and safety regulations, an action that in turn educated the public about sanitation and the emerging science of nutrition. The adoption of canned salmon as a wartime ration may in hindsight seem obvious, yet the process was by no means inevitable but rather required industry lobbying and negotiations with the United States and Canadian governments over prices, delivery procedures, and general fishing operations. This article examines the complex and occasionally contradictory process of bringing Pacific Northwest canned salmon to Europe during the First World War. This article is part of a special collection of papers originally presented at a conference on “The North and the First World War,” held May 2016 in Whitehorse, Yukon. https://doi.org/10.22584/nr44.2017.020
Predictive Associations of Music, Anxiety, and Sedative Exposure on Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Trials

Background Weaning from mechanical ventilation requires increased respiratory effort, which can heighten anxiety and later prolong the need for mechanical ventilation. Objectives To examine the predictive associations of music intervention, anxiety, sedative exposure, and patients' characteristics on time to initiation and duration of weaning trials of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods A descriptive, correlational design was used for a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial. Music listening was defined as self-initiated, patient-directed music via headphones. Anxiety was measured daily with a visual analog scale. Sedative exposure was operationalized as a daily sedation intensity score and a sedative dose frequency. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, graphing, survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and linear regression. Results Of 307 patients, 52% were women and 86% were white. Mean age was 59.3 (SD, 14.4) years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 62.9 (SD, 21.6), mean duration of ventilatory support was 8 (range, 1-52) days, and mean stay in the intensive care unit was 18 (range, 2-71) days. Music listening, anxiety levels, and sedative exposure did not influence time to initial weaning trial or duration of trials. Clinical factors of illness severity, days of weaning trials, and tracheostomy placement influenced weaning patterns in this sample. Conclusions Prospective studies of music intervention and other psychophysiological factors during weaning from mechanical ventilation are needed to better understand factors that promote successful weaning.
Fuzzy Engineering and its Social Impact - The Symbolic Project-

Abstract This panel discussion takes place a little over one year after the end of the Japanese national research project LIFE - Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering Research. In the intervening time the results of the work carried out at LIFE have been evaluated both formally, in Japan by the a group of specialists as well as informally by various individuals who had the opportunity to interact with LIFE related researchers. The panel further tries to gain insight into the impact of the LIFE project, with the two fold goal, to indicate directions in which the LIFE project might be continued, and to share results in an international setting, enabling others to utilize the experience gained from this project.
Dancing in the Blood: Modern Dance and European Culture on the Eve of the First World War

This is a remarkable account of the revolutionary impact of modern dance on European cultural life in the early twentieth century. Edward Ross Dickinson uncovers modern dance's place in the emerging 'mass' culture of the modern metropolis, sufficiently ubiquitous and high-profile to spark media storms, parliamentary debates, and exasperated denunciations even from progressive art critics. He shows how modern dance spoke in multiple registers - as religious and as scientific; as redemptively chaste and scandalously sensual; as elitist and popular. He reveals the connections between modern dance and changing gender relations and family dynamics, imperialism, racism, and cultural exchanges with the wider non-European world, and new conceptions of selfhood. Ultimately the book finds in these complex and often contradictory connections a new way of understanding the power of modernism and modernity and their capacity to revolutionize and transform the modern world in the momentous, creative, violent middle decades of the twentieth century.
Quantitative determination of sodium stearyl fumarate in a tablet formulation from continuous manufacturing using a high-pH reversed-phase HPLC method

This study demonstrates the first use of a reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography method with a high-pH buffer for the analysis of sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF) from a tablet fo...
Microwave evaluation of electromigration susceptibility in advanced interconnects.

Traditional metrology has been unable to adequately address the needs of the emerging integrated circuits (ICs) at the nano scale; thus, new metrology and techniques are needed. For example, the reliability challenges in fabrication need to be well understood and controlled to facilitate mass production of through-substrate-via (TSV) enabled three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs). This requires new approaches to the metrology. In this paper, we use the microwave propagation characteristics to study the reliability issues that precede the physical damage caused by electromigration in the Cu-filled TSVs. The pre-failure microwave insertion losses and group delay are dependent on both the device temperature and the amount of current forced through the devices-under-test. The microwave insertion losses increase with the increase in the test temperature, while the group delay increases with the increase in the forced direct current magnitude. The microwave insertion losses are attributed to the defect ...
Pregnancy late in rodent life has detrimental effects on the heart.

Pregnancy in older mice significantly decreases cardiac function, although repeated breeder mice demonstrated increased wall hypertrophy and dilated chamber size compared with one-time pregnant mic...
Poetry After the Holocaust

collective killing known as the Holocaust, and the art of poetry. As I am neither a poet nor a critic of poetry, I do not intend to comment upon poetry which takes the Holocaust as its subject matter, nor very much upon the fate of poetry since 1945 and the degree to which the Holocaust may be said to have affected it. I want to reflect, rather, upon the Holocaust itself and its perpetrators, in general historical terms, and also from the perspective of that aspect of the human spirit of which poetry can be said to be an instance, namely poesis. Poesis is the language-making of the inner life. Its domain is not the instrumental depiction of objects, but the expressivity of the subject; thus poesis might be regarded as a form of speech in which inner being finds collective representation. It is the magic of words. Every child is born with the capacity for, and indeed becomes human through, the exercise of poetic speech, but every child does not become a poet. To do so, one must take poetic speech and work with it by incorporating it into a set of canons, of traditions, formal rules, genres, and so forth. Poetry as an art is also a craft, requiring skill and discipline as well as talent. The poet's medium is words, not as representations of things, but as things-in themselves. Not "things" viewed inertly as passive and exterior, but lived moments of being, suffused with memory, anticipation and desire. To say that these words are lived means that they are felt sensuously?through the ear, the eye, the flesh?then concretely expressed to another. Thus the moment of expression is not exterior to poetry. Poetry is not the solopsistic speech of the psychotic, however vivid this may be. It is always addressed to another; and it gathers this other into a community. Poetry, then, is done through the active means of collective speech. Poetry is a praxis for which
MDD propagation for disjunctive scheduling

Disjunctive scheduling is the problem of scheduling activities that must not overlap in time. Constraint-based techniques, such as edge finding and not-first/not-last rules, have been a key element in successfully tackling large and complex disjunctive scheduling problems in recent years. In this work we investigate new propagation methods based on limited-width Multivalued Decision Diagrams (MDDs). We present theoretical properties of the MDD encoding and describe filtering and refinement operations that strengthen the relaxation it provides. Furthermore, we provide an efficient way to integrate the MDD-based reasoning with state-of-the-art propagation techniques for scheduling. Experimental results indicate that the MDD propagation can outperform existing domain filters especially when minimizing sequence-dependent setup times, in certain cases by several orders of magnitude.