cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spermatophore replacement of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis after manual extrusion: Effect of molting

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis spermatophore replacement after manual extrusion and analyze the effect molting has on this process. Three trials were conducted. In the first trial, the replacement of spermatophores after extrusion was macroscopically evaluated via an analysis of morphological changes in the terminal ampoule during the formation of new spermatophores. In the second trial, the sperm quality in the different stages of spermatophore replacement identified in the first trial was compared. In the third trial, the replacement time of spermatophores after extrusion was determined, with and without molting. In all trials, 30 manually extruded wild males were individually stocked in 0.49 m 2 tanks using different samples of randomly selected animals for each trial. The results were obtained by daily visual examination of the gonopore and coxae regions of the fifth pereiopod pair and sperm quality analyses. In trial 1, three successive macroscopic stages of spermatophores were observed during replacement: unformed, partially formed and formed. In trial 2, the sperm count in formed spermatophores was significantly higher than that in partially formed spermatophores, whereas the spermatophore weight was not significantly different. Therefore, spermatophore replacement most likely comprises the following phases: (1) deposition of a primitive spermatophore with all structural components in each terminal ampoule; (2) gradual deposition of spermatozoa; and (3) stiffening of the spermatophore into typical elongate form. Trial 3 demonstrated that after extrusion, spermatophores are completely formed in 16 days without molting and in 24 h with molting. Spermatophores formed after molting have sperm quality similar to that of gradually formed spermatophores.
Thephorin; clinical results in allergic children.

Summary 1. Thephorin, a new antihistaminic drug, differing structurally from previous evolved antihistaminics, has been evaluated clinically in 109 allergic children. 2. It was found to be very effective for symptomatic relief as follows:Hay fever 81% relieved Pollen asthma 75% relieved Perennial asthma 73% relieved Allergic rhinitis 66% relieved Infantile eczema and urticaria 75% relieved 3. Thephorin produced side reactions in 20 per cent of this series. Reactionswere seldom severe enough (8 per cent) to discontinue use of the drug. Thephorin has a mild sedative effect in children in contrast to the stimulating effect seen in adult patients.
Highly polymorphic tetramer repeat (GATA)n on human chromosome 11p15.3.

Abstract A tetrameric repeat sequence (GATA)n was identified by random DNA sequencing of chromosome 11-specific cosmid clones and located at 11p15.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Oligonucleotide primers flanking the repetitive unit were used to amplify the DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and this repetitive element was shown to be highly polymorphic and inherited in typical Mendelian fashion. Analysis of amplification products containing the repetitive element from 45 unrelated Caucasian individuals and five families showed at least five alleles at this locus, ranging from 227 to 249 bases in length. This polymorphism may serve as a useful PCR-detectable genetic marker for 11p15.3 a landmark for disease gene isolation, and a locus for identity testing.
Mid-IR type-II InAs/GaInSb interband cascade lasers

We report our progress to date in the development of type-II interband cascade lasers emitting in the mid-IR (3.8-to-4.0 micrometers ) spectral region. We have demonstrated significant improvements over previously reported results in terms of differential external quantum efficiency (approximately 500%), peak power (>4 W/facet), peak power conversion efficiency (approximately 7%), maximum operating temperature (217 K), and continuous-wave (cw) operation. We briefly review some results for pulsed excitation and then present more detailed operating characteristics for the cw performance of our lasers, including the output power characteristics and the dependence of the output spectrum on current.
Database of theoretical thermosphere/ionosphere predictions

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation model has performed a series of self-consistent calculations of the thermosphere/ionosphere structure for a variety of geophysical conditions. The model simulates March, June, and December periods for solar cycle minimum and maximum for three levels of geomagnetic activity representing quiet, moderate, and disturbed conditions. The calculations include predictions of N2, O2, O, N(sup 4)S, N(sup 2)D, NO, N2(+), O2(+), O(+), NO(+), and N(+), along with the ion, electron, and neutral temperatures and three components of the neutral winds. The model simulations are available from the authors or through the Coupling, Energetic, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions database at NCAR.
The role of benchmarking in achieving continuous service quality

Links the application of benchmarking to the hotel′s ability to achieve continuous quality improvements. Defines both the operating and service subsystems of the hotel and clearly indicates specific methods for quality improvement in each. Places emphasis on the role of upper management in the implementation of the benchmarking process, as well as the process reinforcing and supporting the organization′s strategic planning activities. Throughout, the benchmarking process focuses on the need to meet and exceed the expectations of the customer. Provides recommendations and practical guidelines to assist the hospitality executive in implementing a benchmarking programme which is both consistent with the customer‐oriented strategic plan, while also directly impacting on the hotel′s level of service quality and performance.
Post-surgical surveillance in Lynch syndrome--a Cleveland Clinic experience

Background Post-surgical colonoscopic surveillance is recommended every 1-2 years for patients diagnosed with colon cancer and Lynch syndrome. Patients electing to have a segmental versus colectomy IRA risk developing metachronous colon cancers. The rationale for frequent surveillance is to detect and remove polyps before pathologically advancing to cancer thereby reducing mortality. Does compliance with recommended surveillance eliminate the risk of metachronous cancers?
Short term outcome of newborns (NBS) > 34 weeks (wks) transferred to tertiary care NICU for respiratory distress (RD) - Is Age on Admission (AOA) important? 984

For Respiratory Distress (RD) in newborns > 34 weeks (wks) gestation, causes are Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), Meconium Aspiration Syndrome(MAS), Sepsis (S), Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN), and Asphyxia(AS).
Understanding motivations of potential partners to develop a public outdoor recreation center in an urban area

Abstract Participation in traditional outdoor activities has declined in recent decades, causing concern for agencies involved in managing areas where citizens can pursue these activities. With limited resources to address this complex challenge, collaboration among several stakeholders seems to provide a win–win solution. An outdoor center that offers activities such as fishing, hunting, trapping and canoeing is one collaborative option. The purpose of this study is to better understand the motivations of organizations to collaborate in the development and operation of an outdoor center in the U.S. state of Michigan. Expectancy theory and social exchange theory provided a unique approach to understanding potential partners׳ expectations regarding positive outcomes and costs of collaboration. Through semi-structured interviews with potential partners, researchers found that a prevalent expected benefit of collaboration is the presence of a venue near diverse, urban populations at which to conduct outdoor programming. In addition, patterns emerged in the anticipated benefits from (and contributions to) the partnership based on the types of organizations interviewed. Insights into organizations׳ motivations to collaborate, based on these two theoretical frameworks, will aid recreation providers in creating appropriate selection criteria for partners and strategies for engaging them in collaborative projects to enhance outdoor recreation participation. Management implications When planning a new recreation center, it is important to identify potential collaborating organizations, and to integrate and coordinate the expectations of those organizations as early as possible. In order to balance the varying interests, it is helpful for managers: • To categorize potential collaborators based on the nature of their relationship with the initiating organization (e.g., participant-focused, activity-focused, education-focused, manufacturers/retailers), as these classifications are typically characterized by different motivations and expectations; • To understand individual preferences and agendas of each of the respective future partners; • To emphasize the increasing efficiencies associated with cooperation; • To increase their awareness of both benefits and costs anticipated by the potential partners; and • To consider the various types of potential contributions, beyond financial support, that partners can provide. These may include: equipment, experts, participants and volunteers.
A sensor-cyber network testbed for plume detection, identification, and tracking

Detection, identification, and tracking (DIT) problems that arise in applications such as the protection of people and the environment against radiational, biological, and chemical plumes, can be solved by combining the modalities of sensor and cyber networks. The sensor network provides information about physical space activities, such as the locations and movements of plume sources and targets. The cyber network provides storage and computational resources to analyze and infer, based on realistic dispersion models of plumes with respect to physical phenomena (e.g., terrain and weather effects), where the plume originated, the trajectory of its movement (speed and direction), and the prediction of its future movement. The cyber network also makes decisions about where to task and activate plume sensors regarding their future sensing and communciation activities.
‘Like a Keen North Wind’: how Charles Elton influenced Silent Spring

Drawing upon archival and published sources, 'Like a Keen North Wind,' suggests that Charles Elton's book-The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants-served to galvanize Rachel Carson's ideas while she was writing Silent Spring. Carson had already amassed numerous cases of the poisoning of the environment and wildlife as well as humans. Elton's book helped Carson to draw connections between the various kinds of exposures. Yet, it was Carson's genius to animate Silent Spring with vivid examples that captivated her readers and convinced them to question indiscriminate use of pesticides. Moreover, Carson adroitly bridged the growing divide between scientists and the public.
Impact of lung transplantation on serum lipids in COPD

Summary Background Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with high HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). We sought to examine the effect of lung transplantation on lipid profiles in patients with COPD. Methods We analyzed 101 lung transplant recipients in a retrospective cohort of patients from two centers in whom lipid values were available both before as well as after transplantation. Sixty-one subjects were transplanted for severe COPD (93% GOLD stage 4). Results Eighty-nine percent of subjects with COPD exhibited a decline in HDL-C. Median decline for the COPD cohort was 25 mg/dL (IQR 12–38 mg/dL, p p Conclusions In patients with COPD, lung transplantation results in reductions in the serum levels of HDL-C. These changes are not observed in patients undergoing lung transplantation for diagnoses other than COPD.
Effect of pH on endotoxin affinity for metal-ceramic alloys.

Abstract Statement of Problem. Crevicular pH may modify bacterial endotoxin affinity for high-noble metal-ceramic alloys. Purpose. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity for 3 metal-ceramic alloys at 3 different pH levels was compared in vitro by measuring adsorption to and release from the alloy surface. Material and Methods. Metallographically polished disks were fabricated from Pd-Ag-Sn, Au-Pd-Ag-Sn-In, and Au-Pd-In-Ga alloys. Clean disks were placed individually into 1 mL at pH 6.5, 7.0, or 7.5 phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 0.9 endotoxin units per square millimeter tritiated LPS (n = 3 disks per alloy-pH group). The disks were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C before being transferred to LPS-free buffer and incubated, again for 24 hours at 37°C, to evaluate elution. This transfer continued at 24-hour intervals up to 96 hours total elution incubation. Lipopolysaccharide adsorption to and elution from disks was determined through liquid scintillation spectrometry. Adsorption data were evaluated with a 2-way analysis of variance (α=.05) and the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results. Lipopolysaccharide adsorption values ranged from 0.48 ± 0.04 EU/mm 2 for the Au-Pd-Ag-Sn-In alloy at pH 7.5 to 0.75 ± 0.04 EU/mm 2 for the Pd-Ag-Sn alloy at pH 6.5. Alloy type ( P =.0001) and environmental pH ( P =.0001) significantly influenced adsorption. Adsorption to the Pd-Ag-Sn and Au-Pd-In-Ga alloys at pH 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5 were similar and decreased with increasing pH. In contrast, adsorption to the Au-Pd-Ag-Sn-In alloy was significantly less than to other alloys at pH 6.5 but did not differ at other pH levels. Lipopolysaccharide release from the alloy surface could not be detected. Conclusion. P. gingivalis LPS affinity for metal-ceramic alloys was modified by environmental pH. The degree of LPS adsorption depended on the composition and surface chemistry of each alloy. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:644-9.)
The Fracture Toughness of Adhesive-Bonded Joints

Abstract Fracture mechanics is related to adhesion theory and the testing of adhesive-bonded joints in the lap-shear configuration. The complexity of the stress field necessitates the strain energy release rate approach, which is followed to derive the relation for a lap-shear sample: Gc = Pc 2/4b (dC/da). Gc is the fracture toughness (critical strain energy release rate), Pc is the breaking or crack instability load, a and b are crack lengths and widths, respectively, and C is the sample compliance for the Tap-shear sample with a crack of these dimensions at each loading edge. It was found that Gc ranged from 1.18 to 1.42 with an average value of 1.34 in.-lb./in.2 for epoxy bonded aluminum strips (EPON 934 and Alcald 2024-T3). Evidence, in the form of photoelastic stress patterns, suggesting that crack extension occurs in the opening mode in lap-shear samples is presented and discussed.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF HIGH FREQUENCY JET VENTILATION (HFJV) AND CONVENTIONAL VENTILATION (CV)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on the cardiovascular system of HFJV compared to CV. Seven dogs (x=19.6 Kg) were monitored for 1 hour on CV, followed by 1 hour of HFJV, and were then returned to CV. Dogs were anaesthetized with pentobarbital and the skeletal musculature blocked with pavulon. Thermal dilution cardiac output, (CO), systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure were obtained at 20 min intervals. A Harvard volume respirator was set at VT of 200 and rate of 24. A Healthdyne model 300 high frequency ventilator was set at a mean rate of 120 and a drive pressure of 30, to achieve a similar peak pressure (x=13) and PEEP (x=2.5) as on CV. Blood gases remained within the normal range with both forms of ventilation. There was a significant (p <0.01), progressive fall in CO, due to a fall in stroke volume (SV). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained as both systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) significantly increased (p <0.01). These results most likely reflect compensation to a temporal fall in CO and not differences between CV and HFJV.
13C NMR Study of the Self-Association of Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, and Quinine

Experimental and calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of quinoline ring carbons are used to investigate the self-association of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine, amodiaquine and quinine. The chemical shifts of each quinoline carbon in the monomer and dimer forms of each drug are extrapolated from plots of the observed chemical shifts at various concentrations. In the equation used to extrapolate the dimer and monomer chemical shift, a linear term is added to account for medium effects but is found to be unnecessary if an internal standard is used to correct for bulk susceptibility. The experimental changes in chemical shift are compared to changes in chemical shift calculated using the continuous set gauge transformation1 method with the polarizable continuum model2,3 (PCM-CSGT)4 for several possible structures of the dimer. The deviations between calculated and experimental chemical shifts are used to select the best dimer structure for each drug.
Effect of water on the oxidation of dichlorobenzene over V2O5/TiO2 catalysts

Abstract The addition of water during the oxidation of m-dichlorobenzene over a 3.6 wt.% V2O5/TiO2 catalyst resulted in an unusual bimodal activation/deactivation behavior at different temperatures. Catalyst activity increased at temperatures up to 300 °C, with a maximum observed at 270 °C, while it decreased at temperatures above 300 °C with a minimum observed at 350 °C. This effect was proportional to the concentration of water in the feed stream. At lower reaction temperatures (i.e., 350 °C), the presence of water did not affect the surface carbon and chlorine contents, but resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst due to the competitive adsorption on the active sites. Characterization of used catalyst samples indicated no changes in bulk characteristics, suggesting that the effect of water was limited to only reversible changes taking place on the catalyst surface. Finally, the presence of water also favored the formation of partial oxidation products, although the overall selectivity towards such products still remained low (i.e., yields below 3%).
UV, latitude, and spatial trends in prostate cancer mortality: All sunlight is not the same (United States)

We showed previously that Caucasian mortality rates from prostate cancer for 1970–1979 are significantly inversely correlated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We now present the analysis of prostate cancer mortality data over a 45-year period (1950–1994) in order to examine the persistence of this pattern. Furthermore, because vitamin D synthesis does not occur during winter months at latitudes higher than 40° N, we examined this relationship above and below 40° N latitude. We used trend surface and linear regression analyses to characterize the relationship between prostate cancer mortality and UV radiation for U.S. counties at northern and southern latitudes. For U.S. Caucasians, prostate cancer mortality rates at the county and SEA levels followed a significant north–south spatial trend that is the inverse of UV radiation. We found significant inverse correlations between UV radiation and prostate cancer mortality at all time points over this 45-year period. These correlations were significantly more pronounced at locations north of 40° N latitude. Our analyses confirm and extend our findings that the geographic distribution of prostate cancer mortality is the inverse of that of UV radiation. This effect is strongest in counties north of 40° N latitude, where vitamin D synthesis is limited to non-winter months. These findings add additional support for the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency increases risk for prostate cancer.
Comparison of field oriented and field acceleration methods of induction motor control

Since Blaschke proposed Field Oriented Control (FOC) in 1972 [1], which enables one to control an induction motor like a separately excited dc motor, there has been a great deal of additional research on this method. It has been verified that excellent dynamic performance of induction motors can be achieved with FOC. Many industrial companies have produced ac motor controls applying this method. In 1981, another method for control of the induction motor was proposed by Yamamura in Japan called the Field Acceleration Method (FAM) [3]-[8], but no computer simulation or experimental results have been reported on this method. This paper provides digital computer simulation results which show that equivalent transient response to a step change in torque command can be achieved with either FOC or FAM.
Abstract 1923: Regulatory T-cell subsets suppress high avidity CD8 T-cell activation and trafficking

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cancer vaccines are one treatment modality that can prevent the development of some cancers. The advantage of cancer vaccines is their ability to target cancer proteins specifically, thereby resulting in minimal toxicities to normal tissue. Unfortunately, immune tolerance mechanisms provide a formidable barrier to effective treatment of cancer when vaccines are used as a single agent. One way to overcome these barriers is to develop vaccination strategies that combine vaccines with tolerance-reducing agents that allow the recruitment and activation of the most potent tumor-specific T cells. In fact, accumulating data suggest that the availability and activation of a diverse high avidity T cell repertoire is a key factor in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. To further understand the role of high avidity T cells in the treatment of cancer, we developed TCR transgenic mice that are high avidity and specific for the immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope, RNEU420–429, that derives from the HER-2/neu breast cancer antigen. By adoptively transferring these high avidity T cells into the tolerant environment of the neu-N mouse, we have studied their proliferation, trafficking, and tumor-clearing capacity. High avidity T cell responses were evaluated following vaccination using a neu-expressing, GM-CSF-secreting, whole cell vaccine. Vaccine was given either alone or in combination with two T regulatory cell (Treg) depleting agents: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) and the anti-CD25 antibody, PC61. Our data demonstrate that the Cy specifically targets a subset of Tregs and the depletion of this subset allows for more effective tumor clearance by high avidity T cells. While most tolerance reduction strategies focus on the depletion of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, our studies reveal the existence of a population of CD25low effector Tregs that can effectively traffic to the tumor microenvironment and mediate tolerance. Through targeted removal of this CD25low effector Treg population, high avidity T cells undergo increased activation, T cell trafficking, and tumor clearance. Thus, we demonstrate that vaccination in combination with targeted, effector Treg depletion can activate higher avidity T cell populations to eradicate pre-existing tumor burdens. Through an in-depth understanding of the tolerance mechanisms that mediate high avidity T cells suppression, it will be possible to design more effective vaccination strategies to activate the small but potent high avidity T cell populations present in cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1923.
Multimodal Literacies, Pedagogy, and the Construction of Identity-Based Social Movements: The Case of Espina y Jugo in Mexico

This article looks closely at how the process of artmaking linked to social critique unfolds in one community-based educational setting in Latin America. Drawing on nine months of ethnographic fieldwork with a community-based popular education organization in the northern desert of Mexico, the article examines the pedagogical uses of poetry, music, and other modalities to disrupt dominant discourses about what it means, in this case, to be “Mexican.” At the center of the paper is an analysis of the “espina y jugo” (thorn and juice) metaphor, which refers to the outside and inside of the desert cactus. I argue that the processes of meaning-making and signification underlying the enactment of this metaphor represent a pedagogy that is oriented toward collective identity-building and social action. The enactment of such collective identities, forged in and through acts of multiliterate and multimodal engagement, can be interpreted as a pedagogy of the “new social movements of grassroots orientation” (Escobar...
Antifibrinolytic additives to fibrin glue for laparoscopic wound closure in urinary tract.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Fibrinolytic activity of urine may rapidly degrade fibrin glue used in the urinary tract, thereby limiting tissue adhesion. The goals of this study were to verif...
Nuclear data sheets for A = 103

Abstract Nuclear structure information pertaining to A = 103 has been reviewed. The level properties obtained from decay and reaction experiments are shown in the drawings. Experimental methods, references, and comments are given in the text.
Commentary: how can technology help us understand the communication process?

In this commentary, the author reflects on the articles chosen for the special section on communications analysis. These articles problematize communication and raise an interesting set of question...
Comment on the conductivity exponent in continuum percolation.

The field theory introduced by Lubensky and Tremblay [Phys. Rev. B 34, 3408 (1986)] for continuum percolation is reanalyzed. Dynamical exponents are found which agree with those found by Straley [J. Phys. C 15, 2343 (1982)] and Machta et al. [Phys. Rev. B 33, 4818 (1986)] using a nodes-links-blobs approach.
Effects of corticotrophin-releasing hormone on corticotrophs in anterior pituitary gland allografts in hypophysectomized, orchidectomized hamsters.

We investigated the effects of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the percentage of anterior pituitary gland (APG) cells which are corticotrophs as well as the size and shape of corticotrophs. Pituitary glands were removed from 7-week-old male hamsters and placed beneath the renal capsules of hamsters that had been hypophysectomized and orchidectomized 3 weeks previously. Beginning 6 days after each host had received a single allograft, each was injected subcutaneously twice daily with 4 ⧎g CRH or vehicle for 16 days. Six hosts in each group were decapitated 16 h after the last injection. Sections of anterior pituitary tissue were stained for ACTH and with hematoxylin. The percentage of corticotrophs among APG cells was greater in allografts exposed to exogenous CRH (∼20%) than in allografts exposed to vehicle (∼15%). Exposure to exogenous CRH increased the cross-sectional area of corticotroph cells in allografts to values greater than those measured for corticotrophs in allografts exposed to vehicle, without altering the shape of cells. Results of subsequent studies suggested that hamsters with allografts injected with vehicle do not release ACTH and that exogenous CRH causes an abrupt release of ACTH from allografts. These results indicate that CRH releases ACTH from ectopic corticotrophs and that administration of CRH can increase corticotroph size and the percentage of APG cells that are corticotrophs.
Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lower Lip in a Patient With X-Linked Hypogammaglobulinemia and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Case Report

Tumors of myofibroblastic origin are a relatively recently characterized group of conditions that are the subject of considerable controversy and confusion in the literature. Recognition of the myofibroblast as a distinct cell type with well-defined ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics prompted reclassification of many stromal tumors and tumor-like proliferations as myofibroblastic. Although relatively uncommon, a number of these conditions may affect oral and maxillofacial regions and present considerable diagnostic challenge. Biological behavior of myofibroblastic lesions ranges from entirely benign to frankly malignant and, therefore, accurate histopathological diagnosis is paramount to patient management. We describe a case of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the lower lip in a patient with X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency.
Effect of amphetamine, α-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT) and antipsychotic agents on dopamine D2-type receptor occupancy in rats

1. EEDQ inactivates unoccupied receptors in vivo in brain tissue and is useful in determining which receptors are occupied by a drug treatment. 2. alpha-MPT, inhibits the synthesis of dopamine, reducing D2-type receptor occupancy by dopamine and enhances the amount of receptor inactivation by EEDQ. 3. Amphetamine releases dopamine resulting in increased occupancy of dopamine D2-type receptors and we have shown that it protects those receptors from EEDQ. 4. Clozapine and remoxipride, two antipsychotic agents, occupied the dopamine receptors in both the caudate and cortex. 5. These findings are important because they substantiate other results obtained with amphetamine and SPECT, which demonstrated an exaggerated dopamine neurotransmission in schizophrenic patients versus normal controls.
Enhancing ADHD and LD Diagnostic Accuracy Using Career Instruments.

Individuals diagnosed with mental health disorders may have work-related difficulties that impact functioning in all life domains. With limited research on the integration of career and mental health counseling, authors used a discriminant function analysis to assess the predictability of accurately identifying diagnostic categories among 258 adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LDs) through the use of constructs derived from three career development inventories. Results showed that using an appropriate interpretive T-score from individuals with the same diagnosis enhanced the ability to discriminate between diagnoses of LD and ADHD in young adults. Implications for the practice of career counseling and development are provided.
The effects of deformation induced martensite on the sensitization of austenitic stainless steels

This paper compares the effects of deformation which induces martensite in austenitic stainless steel with deformation which does not on the sensitization and corrosion susceptibility of these alloys. We show that deformation which induces martensite causes rapid sensitization at temperatures below 600 °C, leads to extensive transgranular corrosion, and can produce rapid healing. The martensite is also an area of extensive carbide precipitation. Deformation alone noticeably increases the kinetics of sensitization only at temperatures where undeformed samples are readily sensitized. Without the presence of martensite, intergranular corrosion is always the predominant corrosion path, rapid healing is not observed, and most carbides precipitate along the grain boundaries.
Development of kinetic images: When does the child first represent movement in mental images?

Abstract An experiment investigated at what age children could represent movement in imagery. Five- and eight-year olds were asked whether two stimuli were the same or different in shape. The two stimuli were either presented in the same orientation or one stimulus differed from the other by clockwise rotation of 30 ° (0.52 rad), 60 ° (1.05 rad), 120 ° (2.09 rad), or 150 ° (2.62 rad). Children were instructed to visually imagine the counterclockwise rotation of one shape into the position of the other to help make the judgment. For both 5- and 8-yr olds, reaction times increased as a linear function of angular discrepancy between stimuli, indicating that both age groups represented rotation in their imagery. The findings conflict with Piaget and Inhelder's thesis that imagery representing movement first emerges when children are 7 to 8 yrs of age.
Alkali metal hydride doping of α-AlH3 for enhanced H2 desorption kinetics

AlH3 can meet the gravimetric and volumetric targets for onboard vehicular hydrogen storage, but must be regenerated offboard. Doping of AlH3 with small levels of the alkali metal hydrides LiH, NaH and KH results in accelerated H2 desorption rates at low temperature. The phenomenology of the doping process is discussed in terms of the formation of alanate windows for the transport of H2 from the alane phase. It is shown that the alanate windows can be further doped with Ti to allow significant desorption of H2 from AlH3 even at room temperature.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of arrested hydrocephalus.

Arrested hydrocephalus probably results from improvement of CSF circulation during growth. Although a generally accepted condition, its mode of onset, its presence in a given patient, and time required to establish the absence of progressive hydrocephalus have not been defined. Five patients are presented with ostensibly arrested hydrocephalus due to: aqueductal stenosis, communicating hydrocephalus, and Dandy-Walker malformation. In a period ranging from 4 to 13 years, they presented clinical signs of decompensation with intracranial hypertension. One had never had a shunt procedure. Another two were performing well in school until they suddenly deteriorated. The diagnosis of arrested hydrocephalus requires close follow-up well into adolescence, with periodic neurological and psychomotor evaluations. Sequential observation of the ventricular size with computed tomography (CT) is recommended.
A Practical Approach to Product Design Engineering

Product Design Engineering performs tasks of ever increasing importance in the electronic industry. The problem of staffing this engineering function increases proportionally. The functions of Product Design Engineering are reviewed and practical means of staffing are discussed. Special attention is given to a proper organizational structure.
Exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations using continued fractions

The continued-fraction conversion method (J. Math. Phys. (N. Y.),29, 1761 (1988)) is used to generate a homologous family of exact solutions to the Lane-Emden equation ϕ(r)″+2ϕ(r)′/r+αϕ(r)p=0, forp=5. An exact solution is also obtained for a generalization of the Lane-Emden equation of the form −ϕ(r)″−2ϕ(r)′/r+αϕ(r)2p+1+λϕ(r)4p+1=0 for arbitrary α, γ andp. A condition is established for the generation of exact solutions from the method.
Complexities in the pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis pain

AbstractObjective:To discuss challenges in the pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis (OA) pain.Scope:Literature searches through MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were used to identify relevant journal articles. The search was limited to articles published from January 1982 to January 2013. Additional references were obtained from articles extracted during the database search.Findings:Pharmacologic management of OA is aimed at alleviating pain and reducing functional impairment. Limitations of the most commonly prescribed agents (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], acetaminophen, and opioids) and conflicting practice guidelines have led to physician and patient dissatisfaction. OA management guidelines advocate the use of acetaminophen, NSAIDs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and opioids; however, these agents are associated with serious adverse events (AEs) and, in some cases, efficacy concerns. Acetaminophen, particularly at higher dosages, may lead to acute liver fail...
Ribonuclease H: a Ubiquitous Activity in Virions of Ribonucleic Acid Tumor Viruses

Abstract Ten ribonucleic acid (RNA) tumor viruses grown in five different host cell species and three non-oncogenic viruses from three different virus groups have been examined for ribonuclease H content. Three different substrates were used to assay ribonuclease H: calf thymus [3H]RNA-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybrid prepared with denatured calf thymus DNA and Escherichia coli DNA-directed RNA polymerase, 3H-polydenylic acid [3H-poly(A)] complexed to polydeoxythymidylic acid [poly(dT)], and 3H-polyuridylic acid [3H-poly(U)] complexed to polydeoxyadenylic acid [poly(dA)]. All ten RNA tumor viruses contained ribonuclease H activity which degraded the RNA of both the calf thymus hybrid and poly(A)-poly(dT), whereas only the ribonuclease H in the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma-leukemia virus and in RD-feline leukemia virus hydrolyzed the RNA strand of poly(U)-poly(dA). No appreciable ribonuclease H activity was detected in influenza, Sendai, or vesicular stomatitis virus. The ribonuclease H and RNA-directed DNA polymerase activities in Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus were inseparable by phosphocellulose chromatography or glycerol gradient centrifugation, but appeared to be partially separated by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography.
Properties of reactively sputtered W–B–N thin film as a diffusion barrier for Cu metallization on Si

Thin films of W–B–N (10 nm) have been evaluated as diffusion barriers for Cu interconnects. The amorphous W–B–N thin films were prepared at room temperature via reactive magnetron sputtering using a W2B target at various N2/(Ar + N2) flow ratios. Cu diffusion tests were performed after in-situ deposition of 200 nm Cu. Thermal annealing of the barrier stacks was carried out in vacuum at elevated temperatures for one hour. X-ray diffraction patterns, sheet resistance measurement, cross-section transmission electron microscopy images, and energy-dispersive spectrometer scans on the samples annealed at 500°C revealed no Cu diffusion through the barrier. The results indicate that amorphous W–B–N is a promising low resistivity diffusion barrier material for copper interconnects.
Spatial differences in mortality of Calanus pacificus within the California Current System

A vertical life table method was used to estimate patterns of mortality of late developmental stages of Calanus pacificus in the southern sector of the California Current System from seven California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruises (three spring, four late autumn-early winter). Copepodid stage durations were described as a continuous function of both food concentration and temperature from reanalysis. This function was combined with vertical profiles of temperature and Chl a to estimate stage durations in the field and solve for instantaneous mortality rates of two stage pairs: C5/adult females and C5/adult males. Male mortality rates averaged two to three times higher than the corresponding female mortality rates. There was no significant difference between seasons (spring versus winter) in either male or female mortality rates. There was a consistent spatial pattern of higher mortality rates of both males and females in the inshore region relative to the offshore region. This inshore increase in mortality rates is the opposite of that expected from the effects of food limitation, but is correlated with an index of abundance of zooplanktivorous fishes obtained from the CalCOFI ichthyoplankton series (a fishery-independent data source). Elevated predation risk may mitigate the inferred benefits to zooplankton of increased food supply.
Soft-X-ray microscopy using spiral zone plates

Phase sensitive soft-x-ray microscopy methods enable the study of specimens for which phase effects are a prevalent contrast mechanism. One way to detect these phase effects is to optically implement the radial Hilbert transform by using spiral zone plates (SZPs), which results in the isotropic measurement of the amplitude and phase gradient in a sample. Soft-x-ray microscopy using an SZP as a single element objective lens was demonstrated through the imaging of a 1 microm circular aperture at a wavelength of 2.73 nm(454 eV). A regular zone plate, a charge 1 SZP, and a charge 2 SZP were fabricated using electron beam lithography and were used as the imaging optic in the microscopy setup. The charge 1 and charge 2 SZP images exhibited isotropic edge enhancement as a result of radial Hilbert filtering.
Structural and light-emission properties of bulk Germanium islands grown on Silicon using Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We report on the optoelectronic properties of bulk Germanium islands formed on Silicon by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. More specifically, we will discuss the role of strains and doping in favoring efficient light-emission at telecommunication wavelengths.
Cost Effective Drug Screening in the Laboratory

In the treatment of sudden, severe, often life-threatening toxic manifestations caused by exogenous substances, the laboratory plays a vital part. In its role in detecting, and if necessary, quantitating certain of these substances, the laboratory serves to support the hospital emergency room and intensive care units. This paper is intended to answer a number of questions relating to the effective use of laboratory services while simultaneously recognizing the cost constraints imposed upon the laboratory and the competition between other areas in the laboratory and elsewhere in the hospital for the constantly diminishing health care dollars. This paper will provide an overview of toxic substances seen in patients specimens examined by the laboratory and of the specific information which must be provided to the clinician by the laboratory. It will also discuss the funding for these services and the need for a new perspective in justifying the maintenance of such services. In this presentation certain considerations will be discussed. They are:
Interrelationships of anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex in the rat ovarian hyperemia reaction.

THE ovarian hyperemia response to chorionic gonadotropin in the immature rat is sufficiently reproducible to be widely used as an accurate, standard test for pregnancy. Albert (1951) has made the response the basis of a quantitative assay for chorionic gonadotropin. However, the function of the response in ovarian physiology is not well understood. In investigating the interrelationships between ovary and adrenal cortex, and of the effects of adrenal cortical hormones upon the response of the ovary to gonadotropin, it was noted that cortisone interfered with the hyperemia response to chorionic gonadotropin. This finding suggested the possibility that the wide-spread use of cortisone as a therapeutic agent might render the “Rapid Rat” test for pregnancy unreliable under certain conditions. Soon after inaugurating the studies, Payne (1951) published a report indicating that the adrenal cortex or its hormone (s) is essential for the ovarian hyperemia response to chorionic gonadotropin. More recently
Application of support vector machine modeling for prediction of common diseases: the case of diabetes and pre-diabetes

Background: We present a potentially useful alternative approach based on support vector machine (SVM) techniques to classify persons with and without common diseases. We illustrate the method to detect persons with diabetes and pre-diabetes in a cross-sectional representative sample of the U.S. population. Methods: We used data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to develop and validate SVM models for two classification schemes: Classification Scheme I (diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes vs. pre-diabetes or no diabetes) and Classification Scheme II (undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes vs. no diabetes). The SVM models were used to select sets of variables that would yield the best classification of individuals into these diabetes categories. Results: For Classification Scheme I, the set of diabetes-related variables with the best classification performance included family history, age, race and ethnicity, weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension. For Classification Scheme II, two additional variables–sex and physical activity–were included. The discriminative abilities of the SVM models for Classification Schemes I and II, according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, were 83.5% and 73.2%, respectively. The web-based tool-Diabetes Classifier was developed to demonstrate a user-friendly application that allows for individual or group assessment with a configurable, user-defined threshold. Conclusions: Support vector machine modeling is a promising classification approach for detecting persons with common diseases such as diabetes and pre-diabetes in the population. This approach should be further explored in other complex diseases using common variables.
Heat Transfer in an Air Thermosyphon Permafrost Protection Device

Velocity and temperature profiles were measured in a prototype air thermosyphon permafrost protection device. This device, known as the air convection pile, consists of an 18-in. (0.46-m) outer tube containing a shorter concentric 10-in. (0.25-m) tube extending from 10 to 60 ft (3 to 18 m) into the permafrost. Measurements showed a low frequency oscillating flow in both the annulus and inner tube. Heat removal rates compared favorable with an analytical model and previous experimental results, but the annulus velocity profiles were significantly different, possibly due to the oscillation in the flow.
Implicit Parallel Time Integrators

In this work, we discuss a family of parallel implicit time integrators for multi-core and potentially multi-node or multi-gpgpu systems. The method is an extension of Revisionist Integral Deferred Correction (RIDC) by Christlieb, Macdonald and Ong (SISC-2010) which constructed parallel explicit time integrators. The key idea is to re-write the defect correction framework so that, after initial startup costs, each correction loop can be lagged behind the previous correction loop in a manner that facilitates running the predictor and correctors in parallel. In this paper, we show that RIDC provides a framework to use p cores to generate a pth-order implicit solution to an initial value problem (IVP) in approximately the same wall clock time as a single core, backward Euler implementation (p?12). The construction, convergence and stability of the schemes are presented, along with supporting numerical evidence.
Length-dependent Ca(2+) activation in cardiac muscle: some remaining questions.

The steep relationship between systolic force and end diastolic volume in cardiac muscle (Frank–Starling relation) is, to a large extent, based on length-dependent changes in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. How sarcomere length modulates Ca2+ sensitivity is still a topic of active investigation. Two general themes have emerged in recent years. On the one hand, there is a large body of evidence indicating that length-dependent changes in lattice spacing determine changes in Ca2+ sensitivity for a given set of conditions. A model has been put forward in which the number of strong-binding cross-bridges that are formed is directly related to the proximity of the myosin heads to binding sites on actin. On the other hand, there is also a body of evidence suggesting that lattice spacing and Ca2+ sensitivity are not tightly linked and that there is a length-sensing element in the sarcomere, which can modulate actin–myosin interactions independent of changes in lattice spacing. In this review, we examine the evidence that has been cited in support of these viewpoints. Much recent progress has been based on the combination of mechanical measurements with X-ray diffraction analysis of lattice spacing and cross-bridge interaction with actin. Compelling evidence indicates that the relationship between sarcomere length and lattice spacing is influenced by the elastic properties of titin and that changes in lattice spacing directly modulate cross-bridge interactions with thin filaments. However, there is also evidence that the precise relationship between Ca2+ sensitivity and lattice spacing can be altered by changes in protein isoform expression, protein phosphorylation, modifiers of cross-bridge kinetics, and changes in titin compliance. Hence although there is no unique relationship between Ca2+ sensitivity and lattice spacing the evidence strongly suggests that under any given set of physiological circumstances variation in lattice spacing is the major determinant of length-dependent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity.