cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of 10-Year Survivors of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Importance To our knowledge, this study reports on the largest cohort of long-term survivors (LTSs) (≥10 years) following a diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PADC) and identifies the characteristics associated with LTS. Objective To determine patient, tumor, surgical, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with LTS. Design, Setting, and Participants A nationwide retrospective cohort study of patients with invasive PADC ( International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition codes 8140/3, 8500/3, 8021/3, and 8035/3) was conducted using data collected in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). A multivariable logistic regression model of factors significantly associated with LTS was developed and used to generate a nomogram predicting the likelihood of surviving at least 10 years from initial diagnosis. Data collected from more than 1500 academic centers and community hospitals in the United States and Puerto Rico were assessed. Patients included were those with histologically proven PADC who underwent pancreatic surgical resection aimed at removal of the primary tumor between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002 (n = 11 917). The initial cohort (n = 70 915) excluded noninvasive tumors or tumors with unknown histology (n = 11 696) and was limited to patients who underwent surgical resection (n = 47 302 excluded). Analysis was conducted from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011. Exposures Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Main Outcomes and Measures Long-term survival , defined as surviving at least 10 years from initial diagnosis. Results Of the 11 081 patients with complete survival information, 431 individuals (3.9%) were LTSs. Significant predictors of LTS included (determined using odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI), in order of importance, lymph node positivity ratio (0%: 4.6; 3.4-6.4), adjuvant chemotherapy (2.4; 2.0-3.0), pathologic T stage (T1: 3.1; 1.8-5.6), patient age (50-60 years: 3.4; 1.8-6.7), tumor grade (well differentiated: 2.2; 1.5-3.0), surgical margin (negative: 1.9; 1.4-2.6), pathologic M stage (M = X: 5.6; 2.1-22.8), tumor size ( 86% high school graduates: 1.7; 1.2-2.4), and insurance status according to the patient’s zip code (private: 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-5.1). The model C index was 0.768. Based on our nomogram, patients with the most favorable characteristics had an 18.1% chance of LTS. Furthermore, survival curves demonstrated that the probability of dying following initial diagnosis of PADC reached a plateau of approximately 10% per year after 7 years of survival. Conclusions and Relevance Although PADC remains a deadly disease, long-term survival is possible, even beyond the 10-year mark. Our adjusted analysis identified lymph node ratio, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, and pathologic T stage as being the top 3 variables associated with LTS of PADC. In addition, our easy-to-use nomogram may be able to identify potential LTS among patients with resected PADC.
Dynamic linear response of many-electron systems: An integral formulation of density-functional theory

A new approach for the calculation of the linear response of both the ground and thermal-equilibrium states of many-electron systems is proposed via an integral formulation of the density-functional theory. Based on the path-integral representation of the one-particle Green's function, the frequency-dependent linear-response function for the Kohn-Sham noninteracting system is expressed as an explicit functional of the Kohn-Sham local potential, instead of the summation over the single-electron orbitals. Thus the dynamic linear density response can be determined as the solution of self-consistent equations which only need as input the total electron density of the ground or the equilibrium state. Exchange and correlation effects are incorporated. Because orbitals are not employed, the formulation provides the possibility for calculations of linear-response properties, such as dynamic polarizability and photoabsorption cross sections of systems with very many electrons. The present formulation can also be applied to general fermions.
When Southern Symbolism Meets the Pork Barrel: Opportunity for Executive Leadership*

Objectives. Many empirical studies have sought to explain executive-legislative relations at the federal level; however, much less research on this topic is available at the state level. This article examines legislative-gubernatorial relations in Georgia using the highly visible, emotion-laden, and politically costly issue of changing the state flag. Methods. Using probit models, estimated probabilities for various sets of hypothetical legislators are constructed to explain the vote in each house of the Georgia General Assembly. Results. In the absence of executive pressure, constituency characteristics, specifically district racial composition, dominated legislative decision making on the governor's initiative. In the Senate, where there was adequate time for lobbying before the vote, the carrot of additional school construction funding weighed heavily in legislators' vote calculus. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that governors can, and do, use district-specific benefits as a tool to help ensure the success of their legislative agendas.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Negative Symptoms

Negative symptoms account for much of the functional disability associated with schizophrenia and often persist despite pharmacological treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a promising adjunctive psychotherapy for negative symptoms. The treatment is based on a cognitive formulation in which negative symptoms arise and are maintained by dysfunctional beliefs that are a reaction to the neurocognitive impairment and discouraging life events frequently experienced by individuals with schizophrenia. This article outlines recent innovations in tailoring CBT for negative symptoms and functioning, including the use of a strong goal-oriented recovery approach, in-session exercises designed to disconfirm dysfunctional beliefs, and adaptations to circumvent neurocognitive and engagement difficulties. A case illustration is provided.
Separation of spermatogenic cells from adult transgenic mouse testes using unit-gravity sedimentation

During the final stage of spermatogenesis (i.e., spermiogenesis), round spermatids differentiate into mature spermatozoa. This transformation is mediated by a suite of nuclear packaging proteins. These include the transition proteins and the protamines. The two human protamines PRM1 and PRM2, and transition protein TNP2, are encoded by a single chromatin domain bounded by two regions of matrix attachment. Previous transgenic studies in our laboratory have shown that mice harboring a 40-kb segment of human chromosome 16p13.13 containing the PRM1--> PRM2-->TNP2 domain express the transgene in a haploid-specific, copy number-dependent, and position-independent manner. While these results indicate that this segment of the genome is a complete structural and functional regulatory unit, the elements governing the haploid expression of this suite of genes remain to be clearly defined. The preparation of spermatogenic cells is required to begin to address this mechanism. The CELSEP (Wescor/Dupont Inc. Wilmington, DE) unit-gravity sedimentation apparatus provides a simple, efficient, and reproducible means to separate testicular germ cells at all stages along this differentiative pathway. The high quality and integrity of germ cells obtained by this means provides a valuable resource for characterizing the molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of the PRM1-->PRM2-->TNP2 domain during spermatogenesis. A discussion of the CELSEP apparatus and the application of this methodology in our laboratory are presented.
Proactive data dissemination to mission sites

In many situations and domains it is important to deliver information to personnel as they work in the field. We consider a specialized content distribution application in wireless mesh networks. When a new mission arrives--for example, when a fire alarm sounds--data is pushed to storage nodes at the mission site where it may be retrieved locally by responding personnel (e.g., police, firefighters, paramedics, government officials, and the media). It is important that information is available at low latency, when requested or pulled by the personnel. The total latency experienced will be a combination of the push delay (if the personnel arrive at the mission site before all the data can be pushed), and the pull delay. Each delay component will in turn be a function of (1) the hop distance traveled by the data when pushed or pulled and (2) any congestion on the links. In this paper, we define algorithms and protocols that trade-off the push and pull latencies depending on the type of application. Our goal is to choose a storage node assignment minimizing the total latency-based cost. We start with a simple model in which cost is a function of distance, and then extend the model, explicitly taking congestion into account. Since the problem is NP-hard even to approximate, our focus is on developing efficient algorithms and distributed protocols that can be easily deployed in wireless mesh networks. In NS2 simulations, we find that our heuristic algorithms achieve, on average, a cost within at most 15% of the optimum.
SU‐GG‐T‐06: Investigation to Replace CT by MRI in Post‐Implant Dosimetry of Prostate Permanent Brachytherapy

Purpose: To investigate the use of MRI alone in post‐implant dosimetry for prostate permanent brachytherapy.Method and Materials: A patient's pelvic MRI was ordered 30 days post implant in addition to the CT scan. The MR images were acquired using all standard pulse sequences. T2 weighted in‐phase images were used to delineate the prostate and out‐of‐phase images to localize the implanted seeds. A post‐implant plan was generated on the MR images. We compared the results of MRI based dosimetry to CT based as well as CT/MRI fused techniques. Results: Phantom studies were performed. A number of dummy seeds were implanted in a tissue‐equivalent phantom and scanned on a Siemens 1.5T MR scanner. The out‐of‐phase MR images manifested significant signal loss artifacts at the seed locations due to susceptibility effects, resulting in enhanced seed visualization. After IRB approval, we acquired the post‐implant CT and MRI for a seed implant patient. The dose coverage based on the CTimages was 99.9%. A CT/MRI fusion modified the dose coverage to 90%. After seed localization from the out‐of‐phase MR images, a post‐implant plan was generated on the MR images. The dose coverage was 91.4%. Conclusion: Phantom and patient studies demonstrated the potential to use MRI alone in prostate post‐implant dosimetry. Further investigation will be required to validate this technology. Disclosure: The work was partially supported by a CCF Taussig Cancer Center research grant.
Numerical range of some doubly stochastic matrices

A classification of all possible shapes is given for numerical ranges of 4 i? 4 doubly stochastic matrices. The tests determining the shape are also provided, along with illustrating examples.
Haida Indian Land Claims and South Moresby National Park

(1990). Haida Indian Land Claims and South Moresby National Park. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 7-30.
Composition of dietary fat source shapes gut microbiota architecture and alters host inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue.

Background: Growing evidence shows that dietary factors can dramatically alter the gut microbiome in ways that contribute to metabolic disturbance and progression of obesity. In this regard, mesenteric adipose tissue has been implicated in mediating these processes through the elaboration of proinflammatory adipokines. In this study, we examined the relationship of these events by determining the effects of dietary fat content and source on gut microbiota, as well as the effects on adipokine profiles of mesenteric and peripheral adipocytes. Methods: Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were fed milk fat–based, lard-based (saturated fatty acid sources), or safflower oil (polyunsaturated fatty acid)–based high-fat diets for 4 weeks. Body mass and food consumption were measured. Stool 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was isolated and analyzed via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism as well as variable V3-4 sequence tags via next-generation sequencing. Mesenteric and gonadal adipose samples were analyzed for both li...
Restoring Berlin's Unter den Linden: ideology, world view, place and space

Abstract Berlin's Unter den Linden, a primary thoroughfare and ensemble of historic architecture and nationally significant cultural institutions, lay in ruins at the close of the Second World War. The buildings, public spaces, and public art forming this street bore testimony to diverse facets of German history, presenting a range of semantic issues to those interested in their future. Differences in key groups' world view resulted in different interpretations of these spaces, thus different approaches to policy development with regard to their future. Initially, the German cultural elite was determined to restore significant architecture, asserting architectural value while avoiding mention of ‘Prussian’ or ‘German’ identity. However, the German communist leadership viewed these same structures as testimony to ‘Prussian–German militarism’ and sought their effacement. The Soviet Military Administration remained largely indifferent to all but spatial value until 1947, when they began to use architecture to represent the Soviet Union. Finally, with the founding of the German Democratic Republic and import of Soviet ‘socialist-realist’ urban theory, architecture considered progressive was restored as national cultural heritage, although sites with considerable ‘militaristic’ content prompted more debate over their future.
Nonlinear output feedback design for linear systems with saturating controls

The existence of nonlinear smooth dynamic feedback stabilizers for linear time-invariant systems under input constraints is shown, assuming only that open-loop asymptotic controllability and detectability hold. A proof for state stabilization is sketched out. >
Estimation of Adhesion Hysteresis Using Rolling Contact Mechanics

The energy needed to separate two surfaces is usually greater than that gained by adjoining the two. The difference of these two adhesion energies, also known as adhesion hysteresis, is of significant importance in polymer surface science because it carries information about the nonequilibrium processes occurring at interfaces. Here we describe a methodology that allows estimation of adhesion hysteresis at polymer−inorganic interfaces using rolling contact mechanics. The method is illustrated with hemicylindrical lenses of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (PDMS) rolling on silicon wafers.
Modeling of Finite-Length Spatially-Distributed Induced Strain Actuators for Laminate Beams and Plates

A model for laminate beams and plates with attached or embedded finite- length spatially-distributed induced strain actuators has been formulated and is presented. A conservation of strain-energy model was developed by equaling the applied moment on the cross section of the edges of actuators to determine the induced linear strain distribu tion and the equivalent axial force and bending moment induced by the actuators. Results show that the strain-energy model for a thin laminate beam agrees well with the pin-force madel. In addition, more general conditions were included in this work; for example, mul tiple actuators can be embedded in any layer of laminate. The concept of the conservation of strain-energy model for beams was also extended to a two-dimensional problem- plates. Classical laminate plate theory for spatially-distributed induced strain actuators de veloped previously by the authors is revised here to include the use of the strain-energy model. This work also compares several developed models...
Parathyroidectomy in children with chronic renal failure

Abstract Severe bone disease complicates chronic renal failure in children more frequently than in adults. The bony changes of renal origin are regularly reversed by successful renal transplantation. When a renal transplant cannot be accomplished at an early date, this osteodystrophy may become disabling. Under these circumstances bony changes are not arrested by medical therapy and subtotal parathyroidectomy is indicated. Parathyroidectomy consistently reverses the progression of renal osteodystrophy, relieves symptoms, and effects healing. This surgery can be done safely and is well tolerated.
Metabolic dependence of the offset of antidiuretic hormone-induced osmotic flow of water across the toad urinary bladder.

The elevated osmotic permeability to water induced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the isolated urinary bladder of the toad is rapidly reversed by removal or washout of the ADH. This return to normal water permeability is delayed by the suppression of production of metabolic energy by any of three maneuvers: (i) low temperature (2°C); (ii) inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (10mm azide or 0.5mm 2,4 dinitrophenol); or (iii) inhibition of glycolysis (10mm iodoacetate or 10mm 2-deoxyglucose). Moreover, exposure to cytochalasin B, 2.1×10−5 m, either before or after initiation of the hormonal effect also delays the return of water permeability to normal following removal of ADH. When considered within constraints imposed by models which predict ADH's action on water permeability to be either via modulation of the fluidity of lipids in the membrane or via the figuration of proteins (“pores”) in the lipid membrane, these observations on the inhibition of the reversal of ADH stimulation of water flow are more consistent with the protein (pore) theory and place limitations on the mechanisms by which proteins in such pores can return to the resting or impermeable state.
Conservatism, Innovation and Old Age

The onset of old age can be understood as a sequence of losses—of relationships, physical abilities, functions—which must be grieved. It represents a kind of psychosocial transition, whose generic characteristic is a breakdown in the structure of meaning by which we interpret events and which forces us to re-interpret that structure before we can assimilate the events that have provoked the breakdown. The better we understand such transitions as retirement, and loss of health, the more likely we can find ways to create the social and psychological conditions in which to work through the grief. The attitudes of American society towards old age tend to make these transitions harder than they need be.
Evaluation of a local DC load flow screening method for branch contingency selection of overloads

The author presents a novel screening method, involving a local DC solution, for branch flow limit violations (overloads) which, when incorporated with a performance index (PI) method, can greatly enhance the selection capabilities for online as well as study purposes. The local DC screening method and PI method are compared to results obtained from a full-system DC load flow assessment of two cases: a 24-bus system and a 584-bus representation of the Mid-Continent Area Power Pool system. The results indicate that, when these two methods are combined, excellent contingency selection capabilities are produced. The philosophy for this implementation and the details needed to implement the local DC screening method are presented. >
Copulatory Behavior of Montane Voles (Microtus Montanus)

[Ten pair of montane voles each received four successful tests of copulatory behavior. Each test was continued at least to a satiety criterion of ½ hr with no intromissions. The copulatory pattern of M. montanus contains multiple intromissions, thrusting during intromission, no lock, and multiple ejaculations. Mean intromission latency was 102 sec and a mean of five ejaculations preceded satiety. The satiety criterion usually was reached not between series of intromissions as in most other species, but as a failure to attain ejaculation within a series. Behavior accompanying copulation was typical of Cricetidae. Introduction of an unmated female at satiety produced a resumption of copulation with a pattern typical of early series. Introduction of a mated female produced less effect; rcintroduction of the original female never resulted in additional ejaculations., Ten pair of montane voles each received four successful tests of copulatory behavior. Each test was continued at least to a satiety criterion of ½ hr with no intromissions. The copulatory pattern of M. montanus contains multiple intromissions, thrusting during intromission, no lock, and multiple ejaculations. Mean intromission latency was 102 sec and a mean of five ejaculations preceded satiety. The satiety criterion usually was reached not between series of intromissions as in most other species, but as a failure to attain ejaculation within a series. Behavior accompanying copulation was typical of Cricetidae. Introduction of an unmated female at satiety produced a resumption of copulation with a pattern typical of early series. Introduction of a mated female produced less effect; rcintroduction of the original female never resulted in additional ejaculations.]
Diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) and liquid film migration (LFM) in an Al-2.07 wt% Cu alloy

Abstract Diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) and liquid film migration (LFM) in an Al-2.07 wt% Cu alloy during isothermal annealing after down and up quenching from an equilibrated state at 620°C in the α + liquid phase field has been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Down quenching to 520, 540 and 560°C resulted in grain boundaries migrating by DIGM against their curvature from one grain into another leaving behind alloyed zones. Down quenching to 590 and 605°C resulted in liquid films migrating against their curvature from one grain into another leaving behind alloyed zones. Boundaries were also observed to migrate at these temperatures. Up quenching to 630 and 640°C resulted in liquid films migrating from one grain into another leaving behind dealloyed zones. The migration distance, s, for both boundaries and liquid films was observed to decrease monotonically with annealing time (t) and to obey a power law relationship, s = Ktn, with annealing time. The exponent n falls between 0.20 and 0.25. For a given annealing time the migration rates of liquid films by LFM were about twice as fast as those of grain boundaries by DIGM. With respect to driving force for boundary and liquid film migration, the coherency strain energy developed in the grain being consumed does not seem to be great enough to drive the reactions against the curvature observed.
A representative volume element based on translational symmetries for FE analysis of cracked laminates with two arrays of cracks

A methodology is proposed for the construction of a representative volume element (RVE) for analysis of laminated composites containing two arrays of ply cracks running in different directions. The only requirement is that the cracks in any ply are uniformly spaced, and if more than one ply of a given orientation is cracked, then the crack spacing of individual plies must only be in exact multiples of each other. The spacing of cracks in the two directions can be fully independent. The RVE is constructed through a systematic consideration of translational symmetries present in the cracked laminate. As a result, the boundary conditions on the RVE can be imposed without compromising accuracy. Examples of the application of the RVE methodology are given to illustrate its broad capability and a finite element (FE) stress analysis is performed for these cases to illustrate results such as the crack surface displacements, local stress fields and RVE-averaged elastic properties. For one case, the average properties are compared with experimental results, showing good agreement.
Pollution Monitor for Nitric Oxide: A Laser Device Based on the Zeeman Modulation of Absorption

The Concentration of nitric oxide can be monitored by a new device in which the Zeeman effect is used to shift an absorption line of nitric oxide into coincidence with a laser line of carbon monoxide. The absorption is modulated by a small, oscillating magnetic field. This device is specific for nitric oxide and is not subject to interference from other gases.
Photon Propagation Function: A Comparison of Asymptotic Functions

Abstract An earlier paper asserts the logarithmic asymptotic identity of various asymptotic functions associated with the photon propagation function, including the spectral weight function and the Gell-Mann-Low function. This note exhibits explicit expressions for the deviations between pairs of functions. It is emphasized that the differences are quantitatively small, and that the various functions have common qualitative characteristics. The discussion refers to a particular method for comparing the functions, which has no special physical status. When that restriction is removed, it becomes possible to prove the general existence of a transformation of variable that will produce the Gell-Mann-Low function from the spectral weight function. This supplies a physical interpretation that has otherwise been missing in the Gell-Mann-Low approach.
Accidental/inadvertent nuclear war and information warfare

Because of military professional enthusiasm for a post-nuclear world dominated by high technology, conventional weapons may be misplaced. Nuclear deterrence remains highly relevant to the new world order because of residual great power nuclear arsenals and nuclear proliferation. In addition, the possible combination of information warfare and a failure of nuclear deterrence is one troublesome aspect of the future technology and policy environment. Stable nuclear deterrence depends upon an environment of mutual confidence and accurate information exchange between potential adversaries, especially during crises. Information warfare is intended to corrupt the information environment of potential opponents before a war begins or during it. Infowarriors could increase the likelihood of accidental/inadvertent nuclear war or escalation.
On the Determinant of a Uniformly Distributed Complex Matrix

We derive the joint density for the singular values of a random complex matrix A uniformly distributed on ||A||F = 1 This joint density allows us to obtain the conditional expectation of det(AHA) = |det A|2 given the smallest singular value. This result has been used by Shub and Smale in their analysis of the complexity of Bezout?s theorem.
Spectroscopic Identification of C2P and C2As, Two New Main Group Dicarbides

The first spectroscopic evidence for the existence of the CCP and CCAs free radicals has been obtained from laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength-resolved emission spectra acquired in supersonic discharge jet experiments. The observed vibrational frequencies, 13C isotope effects, spin−orbit splittings, and rotational band contours have been used to positively identify the radicals. The measured ground state vibrational frequencies are in accord with our density functional molecular orbital theory predictions. The CCP species, which has a large calculated dipole moment, is a possible interstellar molecule that may be detectable by radioastronomy.
Charge transport and electron localization in alkyl ring-substituted polyanilines

Abstract Electrical transport, magnetic susceptibility, and electron spin resonance studies are reported in polyaniline, poly(o-toluidine), poly(m-toluidine), poly(o-ethylaniline), poly(m-ethylaniline), and poly(o-propylaniline). It is argued that protonation with HCl leads to the formation of both polarons and magnetic bipolarons in these systems.
Tunable cholesteric liquid crystals lasers through in-plane switching

The investigation of dye-doped liquid crystal systems for lasing applications has become a burgeoning topic in recent years. To date, reports have been made of the tunability of cholesteric liquid crystal lasers by means of temperature, photochemical processes and mechanical forces. The application of an in-plane electric field on a cholesteric liquid crystal results in an unwinding and elongation of the cholesteric pitch. This change in pitch length shifts the reflection band of the cholesteric liquid crystal. We report on the tunability of a cholesteric liquid crystal laser in an in-plane switching mode cell. Tunabilities of up to 15 nm have been achieved in these cells. Electrical tuning methods have significant advantages over the other techniques by which cholesteric lasers can be tuned, especially with regards to the potential applications of liquid crystal lasers.
mPlatform: a reconfigurable architecture and efficient data sharing mechanism for modular sensor nodes

We present mPlatform, a new reconfigurable modular sensornet platform that enables real-time processing on multiple heterogeneous processors. At the heart of the mPlatform is a scalable high-performance communication bus connecting the different modules of a node, allowing time-critical data to be shared without delay and supporting reconfigurability at the hardware level. Furthermore, the bus allows components of an application to span across different processors/modules without incurring much overhead, thus easing the program development and supporting software reconfigurability. We describe the communication architecture, protocol, and hardware configuration, and the implementation in a low power, high speed complex programmable logic device (CPLD). An asynchronous interface decouples the local processor of each module from the bus, allowing the bus to operate at the maximum desired speed while letting the processors focus on their real time tasks such as data collection and processing. Extensive experiments on the mPlatform prototype have validated the scalability of the communication architecture, and the high speed, reconfigurable inter-module communication that is achieved at the expense of a small increase in the power consumption. Finally, we demonstrate a real-time sound source localization application on the mPlatform, with four channels of acoustic data acquisition, FFT, and sound classification, that otherwise would be infeasible using traditional buses such as I2C.
Progress and Prospect in Elementary Reaction Kinetics/Dynamics of Polyatomics

The present state of knowledge of two-body elementary reaction rates of polyatomics is examined using five specific reactions as examples: OH + H2 H2O + H, Cl + CH4 HCl + CH3, OH + CH4 H2O + CH3 and nine Cl, F-substituted CH4 reactions, OH + HNO3 H2O + NO3, and HO2 + O3 OH + O2 + O2. For each reaction, experimental and theoretical results are given, and their accuracy is evaluated. Progress in experimental measurements seems to have outrun that in theoretical description. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations of potential energy surfaces, quantum tunneling corrections, and error and sensitivity analyses are greatly needed to improve our understanding of rate parameters.
Local economic development in Uganda and the connection to rural community libraries and literacy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a cursory overview of economic development in Uganda, and discusses some important links between the rural library and the ways it might impact human development areas such as economic uplift, education and literacy.Design/methodology/approach – Real‐life examples of small‐scale economic development projects from the Kitengesa Community Library in rural Uganda are used to contextualize some of these connections. A comprehensive review of the literature on rural development, economic development in Uganda, the relationship between literacy, libraries and economic development and the rural community library provide a context for the paper. This paper reflects an in‐depth review of the professional literature on economic and human development in Uganda, literacy, and the rural library. It also incorporates some qualitative data gathered from research studies conducted at Kitengesa Community Library in 2004 and 2005, including individual interviews with librar...
Scientifically valid leaching of coal conversion solid residues to predict environmental impact

Abstract The disposal of wastes from energy production, particularly solid wastes from coal conversion processes, requires a thorough understanding of both the waste and the environment. Environmentally responsible disposal requires an appreciation and understanding of all of the complex interactions that can occur between the waste and the environment. Additionally, the importance of site characterization cannot be overemphasized, since local geology plays such an important part in the transport and fate of potentially problematic trace elements and other contaminants. Waste characterization techniques must be scientifically valid, comprehensive, and thorough. The focus of this paper is on the importance of the selection and application of scientifically valid methods for characterizing wastes. Selection criteria for scientifically valid evaluation techniques for the characterization of coal conversion solid waste are discussed, and guidelines for selection are provided. The importance of understanding all possible environmental consequences must be considered, including water-to-waste and waste-to-waste interactions, as well as leachate-to-sediment interactions. The importance of the philosophical integration of all aspects of disposal, site characterization, and waste characterization are discussed. The application of scientifically invalid characterization methods or incomplete site characterization is poor science at best and can lead to false conclusions.
Calibration and operation of a neutron time-of-flight scintillator array on Nova

Abstract The Tion diagnostic is a 1020-channel scintillator array on the Nova laser at Livermore. It measures the arrival time of single D-D or D-T neutrons at 27 m from the target with time resolution of 4 ns. The effect of neutron scattering has been obtained from Monte-Carlo neutron transport simulations and the scattered response is convolved with a Gaussian source to fit the data. The data analysis has been checked using targets which produce roughly equal numbers of D-T and D-D counts. The temperature obtained from Tion and from a current-mode neutron time-of-flight detector are in agreement for neutron yields above 1 × 10 9 .
Comparisons of polymer/gas partition coefficients calculated from responses of thickness shear mode and surface acoustic wave vapor sensors

Apparent partition coefficients, K, for the sorption of toluene by four different polymer thin films on thickness shear mode (TSM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are compared. The polymers examined were poly(isobutylene) (PIB), poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH), poly(butadiene) (PBD), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Independent data on partition coefficients for toluene in these polymers were compiled for comparison, and TSM sensor measurements were made using both oscillator and impedance analysis methods. K values from SAW sensor measurements were about twice those calculated from TSM sensor measurements when the polymers were PIB and PECH, and they were also at least twice the values of the independent partition coefficient data, which is interpreted as indicating that the SAW sensor responds to polymer modulus changes as well as to mass changes. K values from SAW and TSM measurements were in agreement with each other and with independent data when the polymer was PBD. Similarly, K values from the PDMS-coated SAW sensor were not much larger than values from independent measurements. These results indicate that modulus effects were not contributing to the SAW sensor responses in the cases of PBD and PDMS. However, K values from the PDMS-coated TSM device were larger than the values from the SAW device or independent measurements, and the impedance analyzer results indicated that this sensor using our sample of PDMS at the applied thickness did not behave as a simple mass sensor. Differences in behavior among the test polymers on SAW devices are interpreted in terms of their differing viscoelastic properties.
Re-presentation of the hapten dinitrophenol (DNP) to a DNP-specific T-cell line

Using a DNP-specific, class II-restricted T-cell line C9, we asked whether normal spleen cells directly labeled with DNFB (DNP-SC) can stimulate DNP-specific T cells. C9 cells were established from BALB/c mice primed with syngeneic DNP-SC subcutaneously; they proliferated and produced IL-2 and MIF in a DNP-specific, I-A-restricted manner. We found that syngeneic DNP-SC alone, either unfixed or fixed with gluteraldehyde, could not stimulate C9 cells. However, when DNP-SC were added to cultures of C9 cells plus syngeneic fillers, but not allogeneic fillers, potent stimulation occurred. Allogeneic DNP-SC were also stimulatory provided the cultures contained filler cells syngeneic to the C9 responding T cells. DNP-protein conjugates, however, did not induce stimulation, indicating that the T cells are DNP specific but not hapten specific. Overnight coculture of DNP-SC and irradiated normal spleen cells also produced potent stimulator cells. However, generation of these stimulator cells was inhibited by addition of chloroquine to the culture medium. These findings indicate that syngeneic filler cells acquire DNP from the DNP-SC and re-present the hapten to the T cells in the context of IA. This process appears to require antigen processing by the filler cells. Collectively the results indicate that labeling of cell membranes with reactive haptens may not directly produce an immunogenic complex which is recognized by T cells.
Sleeping vs. loaded implants, long-term observations via a retrospective analysis.

Objective Several theories have been presented to explain initial and secondary marginal bone loss around dental implants (e.g. microbial load, adverse loading, microbial leakage, compromised healing/adaptation of host-implant interface). Material and methods This study compared the long-term outcome (up to 12 years) of sleeping with loaded implants in the mandible via a split-mouth concept. Fourteen patients with overdentures were enrolled (10 women, mean age at implant insertion: 56 years [range: 33–71]). They presented with 28 loaded (position 33/43) and 14 sleeping implants (mostly position 31/41). At several follow-up visits, intra-oral radiographs (long-cone principle) were taken to observe marginal bone level changes. Results At each observation, compared with abutment connection, the submerged non-loaded implants showed less bone loss (P-values: 1st year 0.007, 3 years 0.000, 5 years 0.002, 8 years 0.007, 12 years 0.000) than their neighbouring functional implants. This difference was primarily due to a more significant bone loss during the first year of loading (0.8 vs. 0.1 mm respectively), since afterwards, the bone level changes remained quite similar for both implant types. Conclusions Our data suggest that the first months of loading have a significant impact on the bone level (initial difference sleeping vs. loaded implants), followed by a more physiological bone level change afterwards. This initial difference might be explained by the adaptation of the surrounding bone to the loaded implant.
Biogeochemical removal of Zn and Cd in the Coeur D'Alene River (Idaho, USA), downstream of a mining district.

The conservative biogeochemical behavior of dissolved Zn and Cd in a 17-km, free-flowing reach of the Coeur d'Alene River downstream of a mining district is typical of watersheds in which suspended matter concentrations are low. For watersheds impacted by acid-rock drainage (ARD), low suspended matter concentrations are more likely to be found when acid rock drainage travels through soils because much of the Fe and Al that could form adsorbing surfaces is retained within the soils. In the absence of additional sources of solid substrates, metals can be transported great distances downstream once this Fe- and Al-poor ARD seeps into surface waters. In a 46-km backwater reach of the Coeur d'Alene River, it appears that biological activity increased pH and provided the organic matter solid substrate which removed approximately 50% of the Zn and Cd. Zn removal was partially reversible as pH decreased. These observations reinforce the concept that both inorganic and organic carbon chemistry must be measured if significant advances in our understanding of the attenuation of Zn and Cd from ARD sources are to be made.
Line-narrowing approaches to solid state NMR imaging: pulsed gradients and second averaging

There are questions in materials sciences which can be addressed by NMR imaging. However, not all materials exhibit sufficient molecular motion to reduce dipolar couplings to the level at which the familiar techniques of medical NMR imaging are appropriate. For the more general case of these less mobile materials, line-narrowing methods, specialized to imaging, are appropriate. We have earlier demonstrated that such imaging sequences adequately overcome the fundamental dipolar broadening in engineering polymers; however, these sequences are subject to certain practical limitations which we address. We present a class of homonuclear line-narrowing imaging methods which intercalate short gradient pulses ( ca. 5 ps) into the RF pulse sequence. Such a strategy improves spatial resolution and signal sensitivity by reducing extraneous broadening from off-resonance effects. In a further implementation, the chemical shift and susceptibility terms in the spin hamiltonian are suppressed by ‘second averaging’ about a particular axis, while the hamiltonian for the gradient pulses is aligned along that axis: the result is a further improvement in spatial resolution. Prospects for the future of solid state NMR imaging are considered.
Fate and function of calcium in tissue

Abstract A general review is presented of the postulated roles of calcium in structure and function of tissue. Special emphasis is given to the role of calcium in membrane form and function and the involvement of calcium in metabolism, hormone action and as a cell wall constituent. The consequences of deficiency are discussed only when used as a basis to describe calcium function. Calcium as a mediator of membrane action in relation to discrimination and physical integrity under stress is a major topic.
Geomorphic Indicators of Deeper Seated Structure on the Southern Margin, East Texas Basin: ABSTRACT

Surface geomorphic features are frequently difficult to relate to potential productive structures, but in the East Texas basin there appears to be a significant correlation between surface features and oil fields. The surface topography overlying the East Texas basin gives little indication of subsurface structure. However, conspicuous to southeastern Houston County on the southern margin of the East Texas basin, and to a large part of the entire basin, is a series of northwest- and northeast-trending stream and topographic alignments. These mappable linear geomorphic features (termed lineaments) may indicate fracturing, faulting, and jointing, and thus may be a clue to subsurface structure. The lineaments of southeastern Houston County were mapped and analyzed on a local scale, and those of Houston, Cherokee, Trinity, and Angelina Counties were mapped and analyzed on a more regional scale. Both the local and regional scale lineament analyses indicated preferential orientations of north 30° west and north 30° east. These lineaments are thought to reflect fracturing and faulting although field reconnaissance could not confirm this. It is suggested that gravity slide of the East Texas basin gulfward from the updip edge of the Louann Salt provided the tensional forces necessary for major lineament formation. However on a more scale there is a correlation between lineaments and productive fields. Areas of minimum lineament density on the lineament-density contour maps represent subtle subsurface structural highs and, conversely, areas of maximum lineament density on the lineament density contour maps represent subtle subsurface structural lows. Therefore, petroleum potential is generally limited to areas of minimum lineament density. End_of_Article - Last_Page 277------------
Nonopiate effects of dynorphin and des-Tyr-dynorphin

Intracerebroventricular administration of dynorphin produced potent and long-lasting effects on motor function and the electroencephalogram in rats. In addition, local iontophoretic or pressure ejection of dynorphin consistently inhibited hippocampal unit activity. None of these effects were significantly affected by naloxone even at high doses. Moreover, a fragment of dynorphin that failed to displace any of a number of tritiated narcotics from rat brain homogenates produced similar effects on these physiological measures in vivo. On the basis of a variety of criteria for "opiate action," the results suggest that a second biologically active site within the dynorphin sequence is capable of quite potent but nonopiate effects.
Inverse Problem for Lagrangian Dynamics for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems with Linear Damping

This paper deals with the inverse problem for Lagrangian dynamics for linear multi-degree-of-freedom systems. New results for linearly damped systems are obtained using extensions of results for single-degree-of-freedom systems. First, for a two-degree-of-freedom linear system with linear damping, the conditions for the existence of a Lagrangian are explicitly obtained by solving the Helmholtz conditions. Next, since the Helmholtz conditions are near-impossible to solve for general n-degree-of-freedom systems, a new simple procedure that does not require the use of the Helmholtz conditions and that is easily extended to n-degree-of-freedom linear systems, is developed. The emphasis is on obtaining the Lagrangians for these multi-degree-of-freedom systems in a simple manner, using insights obtained from our understanding of the inverse problem for single- and two-degree-of-freedom systems. Specifically we include systems that commonly arise in linear vibration theory with positive definite mass matrices, and symmetric stiffness and damping matrices. This method yields several new Lagrangians for linear multi-degree-of-freedom systems. Finally, conservation laws for these damped multidegree-of-freedom systems are found using the Lagrangians obtained.
Age-associated increased inflammatory response to pulmonary bacterial challenge.

Sepsis, the systemic inflammation following infectious insult, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in older individuals. While most animal models of sepsis have studied polymicrobial or Gram-negative sepsis from an abdominal origin in young animals, the most common presentation in the medical ICU is in older individuals (median age 64 years), with Gram-positive bacteria (predominantly Staphylococcus aureus) infection in the lung. Our recent studies reveal a critical role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and thyroxine (T4), two molecules with major implications in sepsis. Therefore, we reasoned that the age-related severity of sepsis may be due to an exaggerated imbalance between MIF and its inhibitor.
Aquaporins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast

AQY1 and AQY2 were sequenced from five commercial and five native wine yeasts. Of these, two AQY1 alleles from UCD 522 and UCD 932 were identified that encoded three or four amino-acid changes, respectively, compared with the Σ1278b sequence. Oocytes expressing these AQY1 alleles individually exhibited increased water permeability vs. water-injected oocytes, whereas oocytes expressing the AQY2 allele from UCD 932 did not show an increase, as expected, owing to an 11 bp deletion. Wine strains lacking Aqy1p did not show a decrease in spore fitness or enological aptitude under stressful conditions, limited nitrogen, or increased temperature. The exact role of aquaporins in wine yeasts remains unclear.