cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unaltered hematocrit values and differential hemocyte counts in acanthocephalan-infected Armadillidium vulgare

Abstract Three cell types were present in Armadillidium vulgare hemolymph. Hyaline cells, 8.2 to 12.0 μm in size with a few fine granules in the cytoplasm, comprised 42% of the cells. Twelve percent of the cells were nonexplosive granulocytes, 8.8 to 15.0 μm, with many cytoplasmic granules of medium size. A third cell type, an explosive 7.2- to 12.0-μm granulocyte with coarse cytoplasmic granules, comprised 46% of the cells. Within 48 hr after adult specimens of A. vulgare were fed eggs of the acanthocephalan, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus , isopod hemocytes aggregated in the intestinal epithelium surrounding penetrating acanthors. Encapsulation and death of the parasite routinely followed. No significant difference in hematocrit values or in differential hemocyte counts occurred between infected and uninfected control isopods.
Millenarian movements in rural Brazil: Prophecy and protest

(1982). Millenarian movements in rural Brazil: Prophecy and protest. Religion: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 187-213.
The protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation and increases sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 levels

The ubiquitously expressed protein glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is constitutively active, however its activity is markedly diminished following phosphorylation of Ser21 of GSK3α and Ser9 of GSK3β. Although several kinases are known to phosphorylate Ser21/9 of GSK3, for example Akt, relatively much less is known about the mechanisms that cause the dephosphorylation of GSK3 at Ser21/9. In the present study KCl-induced plasma membrane depolarization of SH-SY5Y cells, which increases intracellular calcium concentrations caused a transient decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473, and GSK3 at Ser21/9. Overexpression of the selective protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor protein, inhibitor-2, increased basal GSK3 phosphorylation at Ser21/9 and significantly blocked the KCl-induced dephosphorylation of GSK3β, but not GSK3α. The phosphorylation of Akt was not affected by the overexpression of inhibitor-2. GSK3 activity is known to affect sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) levels. Overexpression of inhibitor-2 or treatment of cells with the GSK3 inhibitors lithium and SB216763 increased the levels of SERCA2. These results indicate that the protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation induced by KCl and that GSK3 activity regulates SERCA2 levels.
"Beat His Ribs While He is Young" (Sir 30:12): A Window on the Mediterranean World:

The physical punishment of young boys proposed with approval by Sirach and Proverbs opens a window on the culture of the traditional Mediterranean world for non-Mediterranean readers and presses the issue of how United States biblical theologians must deal with such a culturally conditioned mandate. A model constructed from empirical research by Peter S. Cook helps a non-Mediterranean reader to interpret these data and to gather and further interpret additional data in biblical texts about rearing boys and girls. This information in turn is crucial for constructing culturally appropriate scenarios that are indispensable to non-Mediterranean readers interested in respectful and culturally plausible interpretations of the Bible. The suffering of biblical heroes takes on new meaning when read in this context.
A theoretical approach to a transformer reliability problem

Product reliability testing of a video monitor, incorporating rapid thermal cycling, highlighted an interesting problem with failure of a small transformer on the analogue card, causing a severe shimmer of the display. A theoretical model describing this problem is presented, and shows how such an approach can assist in understanding the failure mechanism as well as assisting the resolution of certain dilemmas surrounding it.
Near-Optimal Entry Trajectories for Reusable Launch Vehicles

A near-optimal guidance law for the descent trajectory for earth orbit re-entry of a fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit pure rocket launch vehicle is derived. A methodology is developed to investigate using both bank angle and altitude as control variables and selecting parameters that maximize various performance functions. The method is based on the energy-state model of the aircraft equations of motion. The major task of this paper is to obtain optimal re-entry trajectories under a variety of performance goals: minimum time, minimum surface temperature, minimum heating, and maximum heading change; four classes of trajectories were investigated: no banking, optimal left turn banking, optimal right turn banking, and optimal bank chattering. The cost function is in general a weighted sum of all performance goals. In particular, the trade-off between minimizing heat load into the vehicle and maximizing cross range distance is investigated. The results show that the optimization methodology can be used to derive a wide variety of near-optimal trajectories.
Extended Voronoi cell finite element model for multiple cohesive crack propagation in brittle materials

This paper introduces an extended Voronoi cell finite-element model (X-VCFEM) for modelling cohesive crack propagation in brittle materials with multiple cracks. The cracks are modelled by a cohesive zone model and their incremental directions and growth lengths are determined in terms of the cohesive energy near the crack tip. Extension to VCFEM is achieved through enhancements in stress functions in the assumed stress hybrid formulation. In addition to polynomial terms, the stress functions include branch functions in conjunction with level set methods, and multi-resolution wavelet functions in the vicinity of crack tips. The wavelet basis functions are adaptively enriched to accurately capture crack-tip stress concentrations. Conditions and methods of stability are enforced in X-VCFEM for improved convergence with propagating cracks. Two classes of problems are solved and compared with existing solutions in the literature for validation of the X-VCFEM algorithms. The first set corresponds to results for static cracks, while in the latter set, the propagation of cohesive cracks are considered. Comparison of X-VCFEM simulation results with results in literature for several fracture mechanics problems validates the effectiveness of X-VCFEM. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supersymmetric Lepton Flavor Violation, the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment, and e- e- Colliders

I explain the theoretical connection between lepton flavor violation and muon g - 2 in supersymmetry1. Given any central value deviation of muon g - 2 from the standard model that is assumed to be due to weak scale supersymmetry, I show that stringent bounds on lepton flavor violating scalar masses can be extracted. These bounds are essentially independent of supersymmetric parameter space. I then briefly compare this indirect handle on supersymmetric lepton flavor violation with direct observation at a future lepton collider operating in the e- e- mode. This is a summary of a talk given at e- e-01: 4th International Workshop on Electron-Electron Interactions at TeV Energies.
Effects of reducing the phenylalanine-tyrosine intake of patients with advanced malignant melanoma.

Dietary means were employed to reduce the intake of phenylalanine and tyrosine in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. The rationale was that the large quantities of active tyrosinase in these tumors plays a vital respiratory role in pigmented melanomas. The limitation of substrate, i.e., tyrosine, might, therefore, result in selective energy deprivation with consequent inhibition of tumor growth. In 3 of the 5 patients studied there was a clear relationship between the institution of the dietary regimen and the onset of regressive changes in the metastatic disease. There was a further direct correlation between the serum phenylalanine and tyrosine levels and the progression of the disease. The course of a fourth patient suggests that the melanoma was suppressed during the time she was on the diet; upon her discontinuance of this regimen the disease started to spread. The fifth patient showed no regressive changes in her metastases in spite of adhering to the diet but her serum phenylalanine and tyrosine levels did not decrease during the several months that she was on the diet. This regimen, although beneficial with respect to some of the metastases and probably nutritionally sound, is cumbersome, complex and unpalatable, making its application difficult.
InGaAs focal plane arrays for near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy

Area and linear focal plane arrays (FPAs) fabricated from the indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) ternary system exhibit low noise and high detectivity when operated at room temperature. By varying the indium content of the alloy, the entire near-infrared spectrum from 1.0 to 2.5 /spl mu/m can be detected. Important examples include the incorporation of linear arrays in spectroscopic instruments used for the control and monitoring of wavelength division multiplexed laser sources, and the use of area cameras for low-light-level imaging, eye-safe laser range finding, camouflage detection, and subsurface art inspection. Area FPAs with formats as large as 320/spl times/240 pixels and linear arrays as long as 512 pixels are commercially available. Significant progress has been made in monolithically integrating InGaAs p-i-n diode arrays with InP JFET readout electronics. In this presentation, the fabrication and performance of hybrid devices and the status of the development of monolithic devices will be described and examples of key applications presented.
A model and treatment for autism at the convergence of Chinese medicine and Western science: First 130 cases

Objective: To present a model for autism showing that impairment of sensory and self-regulation is the core deficit that underlies delays in social/language skills and abnormal behavior in autism; and to demonstrate the efficacy of a treatment for autism based on Chinese medicine. Methods: Children with autism under 6 years of age were assigned to treatment or wait-list conditions. A total of 130 children were treated and the results compared with 45 wait-list controls. Treatment is a tuina methodology directed at sensory impairment——Kai Qiao Tuina. The treatment was a five-month protocol that was implemented daily by trained parents via trained support staff. The effects of treatment on the main symptoms, autistic behavior, social/ language delay, sensory and self-regulatory impairment, as well as on parenting stress, were observed and compared. Results: The treatment had a large effect size (P<0.0001) on measures of sensory and self-regulation. The evaluations done by pre-school teachers demonstrated improvement in the measures of autism (P<0.003), and were confirmed by evaluations done by parents (P<0.0001). There was a large decrease (P<0.0001) in parenting stress. Conclusions: Sensory and self-regulatory impairment is a main factor in the development and severity of autism. Treatment of young children with autism with Kai Qiao Tuina resulted in a decrease in sensory and self-regulatory impairment and a reduction in severity of measures of autism.
The partition and binding of calcium in the serum of the laying hen and of the estrogenized rooster.

Total calcium of serum was increased in roosters from a normal value of 10 mg. per cent to 100 mg. per cent or higher at about 5 days following an injection of .125 mg. of estrogenic substance (Ayerst). With this tenfold increase in the total serum calcium, there was a pari passu appearance and increase in concentration of a phosphoprotein complex, found normally in the serum of the laying hen, but not found, under usual conditions, in the serum of the rooster. This included two specialized proteins, X1 (a phosphoprotein) and X2 (a phospholipid lipoprotein). Chylomicrons and beta-lipoproteins were increased and alpha lipoproteins were decreased in concentration at the same time. When the total calcium was elevated to 100 mg. per cent, beta lipoproteins appeared to bind approximately 10 mg. per cent; albumin 5 mg. per cent; and X1 and X2 (chiefly X1) 79 mg. per cent. Only approximately 6 mg. per cent of the total serum calcium in both control and estrogenized roosters was present in ultrafilterable form. S...
Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum

Abstract Pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) was examined as an alternative technology for the extraction of carotenoids in the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones in Piper methysticum. The extraction process was optimized by varying the key extraction factors of solvent, sample-solvent ratio, temperature, and time. The selectivity and efficiency of extraction parameters were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (LC) and LC–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Results showed that PFE utilization of conventional solvents under controlled temperature and pressure in an oxygen and light-free environment could result in the use of less solvent in a shorter period of time. PFE showed higher or equal extraction efficiencies as compared with traditional solvent extractions while maintaining the integrity of chemical components. PFE showed high potential for extraction of natural products and nutraceuticals, particularly labile and light sensitive chemicals.
Coordination polymers constructed from d10 ions, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, and bidentate nitrogen ligands: synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence

Five new coordination polymers synthesized from d10 metal ions, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and bidentate nitrogen ligands have been characterized with single crystallographic X-ray analysis, IR, and TG. Compound 1 has a twofold 3-D network. During the synthesis of 1, fumaric acid reacts with water giving malic acid, which coordinates Cd forming 2. If we use Zn instead of Cd, 1-D chain-like 3 is formed. With hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions, the 1-D covalent chains form a 3-D supramolecular network. The 3-D supramolecular networks connect together and form a twofold interpenetration structure. Compound 4 shows a 2-D layer structure. Compound 5 exhibits 1-D double-chain structure composed by hydrogen bonds. We studied the fluorescence of 1, 2, 3, and 5.
Closed-Form Analysis of Spectrum Characteristics for Cognitive Radio Performance Analysis

This paper provides an analysis and characterization of the spectrum environment in which a cognitive radio will operate. The different spectrum environments characterize the performance constraining regions that impact wireless system operation, and must be addressed or mitigated by cognitive radios techniques and technology. Closed-form probability distributions are developed for fixed bandwidth signaling channels, and for proportional bandwidths, such as preselectors and low noise amplifiers. The use of closed-form expressions of spectrum environments will enable cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access researchers to (1) simulate a wider range of spectrum environments than can be sampled and analyzed; (2) perform analysis of radio performance, without researchers having large databases of environments; and (3) provide provable assertions about cognitive radio performance in a range of potential environments.
On dispersive difference schemes. I

Etude du comportement oscillatoire et de la convergence faible des solutions des approximations aux differences dispersives de u t +(1/2 u 2 ) x =0
A Case for Rigorous Workload Classification

Traditional workload labels such as "archival" and "HPC" are poorly understood and inconsistently applied. As usage of systems has evolved, the language to describe this usage has stagnated. To better understand how workload type translates into system design requirements, we use a combination of longitudinal analysis and statistical feature extraction to categorize workload traces and study how the properties of classical workload types, such as the "write-once, read-maybe" assumption for archives, have evolved over time. Once this step is complete, we intend to move to active classification of workloads to replace these broad, poorly specified categories with quantitative metrics that can be used to improve metrics such as power, availability, and performance by mathematically relating storage algorithms with workload properties.
Chaos in pulse-driven Josephson junctions.

We report experimental and numerical studies of chaotic behavior in Josephson tunnel junctions driven by a train of picosecond electrical pulses. Dramatic changes were observed in both the experimental and simulated current-voltage characteristics, demonstrating that periodic wide-band excitations can temporarily alter the junction dynamics, leading to intermittent chaotic behavior. We relate the observed chaotic behavior to the junction switching processes in the regime of very short current pulses.
Arginine vasopressin antagonists for the treatment of heart failure and hyponatremia.

Arginine vasopressin has attracted attention as a potentially important neurohormonal mediator of the heart failure (HF) syndrome and hyponatremic states in humans1 because vasopressin influences renal handling of free water, vasoconstriction, and myocyte biology.2,3 Several vasopressin antagonists are under development,4 and one of these agents, conivaptan, recently received US Food and Drug Administration approval for short-term intravenous treatment in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. A neurohypophysial hormone, vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone [ADH]), affects free water reabsorption by the kidney, body fluid osmolality, blood volume, vasoconstriction, and myocardial contractile function.2,3 Vasopressin is synthesized by neurosecretory cells located predominantly in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei. These neurons have axons terminating in the neural lobe of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) that release vasopressin and oxytocin.5 ### Physiology of Regulation of Vasopressin Release Normally, the dominant stimulant for vasopressin release is a change in plasma tonicity, plasma volume depletion, or blood pressure, the last 2 mediated by arterial baroreceptors. Osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus sense the increase in serum osmolality and stimulate secretion of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary. In an attempt to normalize plasma osmolality, vasopressin acts on the V2 renal receptors, increasing free water reabsorption by insertion of protein water channels, aquaporins, in the luminal membranes of the principal cells of the renal collecting ducts.6 ### Receptor/Effector Mechanisms The 3 vasopressin receptor subtypes belong to a family of rhodopsin-like G-protein–coupled receptors.7 V1a (vascular) receptors are located on several cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes (Table 1), with effects on the maintenance and regulation of vascular tone and possibly myocardial function.3 View this table: Table 1. Vasopressin Receptors: Location and Function 5,8 V1b (pituitary) receptors are expressed on the surfaces of corticotrophic cells in the anterior pituitary and the pancreas and adrenal medulla (Table 1).5,8 V1a and V1b receptors are …
The linkages between stem education and homeland security sciences and management

Mathematics was used to promote Homeland Security Management to reveal how academics face a challenge when expressing relationships between new fields of study. Homeland Security Management is the new fields of study involved with Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in this project. The needs analysis showed that the average student exhibits awkwardness in developing the knowledge required to acquire numerical skills in mathematics. Correspondingly, the underlying assumption of this project is that society shows the same awkwardness toward Homeland Security Management. The objective of this project is to facilitate a link between STEM education [1] and Homeland Security by using a filter-and-switch methodology as language logic to produce filters and switches in mathematical language (FIML) and (SIML), respectively. This study finds that the correlation between the FIML and SIML is language connectives, which were used to model the relationships of STEM-education and Homeland Security. This project further finds that language is the primary linkage between STEM-education and Homeland Security Management. It is significantly evident that language indiscipline will threaten the future and success of Homeland Security Management and general education.
The Political Context of Soil Conservation Programs in Jamaica

This article discusses a Government of Jamaica/USAID project that was designed to encourage small hillside farmers to conserve their soil resources. Despite five years of intense activity, the project did not achieve its objectives, to a great extent because of the unproductive manner in which farmers were induced to participate in the program. Discussion of specific problem areas are clustered around four more general issues that are of importance to any natural resource management project: appropriate technology; the local social unit to be engaged; incentives offered to farmers; and sustainability. In each of these four areas, the approach adopted by the project was unsuitable for meeting the conservation objectives. Rather than being due solely to poor judgement by project planners, however, it is argued that these unproductive approaches were the predictable products of the highly centralized and clientelistic Jamaican political culture within which the project operated. The problems plaguing this pr...
A Review of Research in Revising Instructional Text.

School textbooks are commonly criticized. This article reviews research in revising instructional text by examining multidisciplinary research in readability, text structure, text interestingness, ...
Waste Minimization and Remediation in the Metal Finishing Industries

An overview of waste assessment procedures and a knowledge of process options for remediation and recycle are necessary for a successful waste minimization program. Factors to consider when constructing a waste minimization program include U.S. EPA priorities, constructing an efficient assessment program, elements of previously successful programs, and opportunities relating to both the process and procedure of the particular system. This work describes the basic steps necessary to fulfill all the factors mentioned in order to create a successful and enduring waste minimization program in the metal finishing industries. Existing and potential technologies are discussed. Available references are presented that assist in the process of analyzing and constructing a suitable program for the particular situation, including descriptions of selected case studies related to surface finishing.
Examining the pedagogical foundations of modern educational computer games

This study examines the pedagogical foundations of modern educational (computer video) games. Specifically, Cooper's [Cooper, H. (1985, Mar 31-April 4). A taxonomy of literature reviews. In Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL] literature review framework was used to locate and examine relevant literature and games (published between the years 2000 and 2007) and to organize and report findings. A total of 50 articles and 55 educational games met specified selection criteria. The pedagogical foundations of the games were further investigated by contacting the authors of the games. Twenty-two games were based on established learning theories or instructional strategies and two games included basic instructional events that were not associated with any particular theory or strategy. No information regarding the pedagogical foundations of the 31 games was found or received. Analysis of the games and supporting literature revealed several patterns of practice that may be used to guide future research and development of educational games.
MicroRNA target prediction using thermodynamic and sequence curves

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNA that mediate RNA interference by binding to various mRNA target regions. There have been several computational methods for the identification of target mRNAs for miRNAs. However, these have considered all contributory features as scalar representations, primarily, as thermodynamic or sequence-based features. Further, a majority of these methods solely target canonical sites, which are sites with “seed” complementarity. Here, we present a machine-learning classification scheme, titled Avishkar, which captures the spatial profile of miRNA-mRNA interactions via smooth B-spline curves, separately for various input features, such as thermodynamic and sequence features. Further, we use a principled approach to uniformly model canonical and non-canonical seed matches, using a novel seed enrichment metric. We demonstrate that large number of seed-match patterns have high enrichment values, conserved across species, and that majority of miRNA binding sites involve non-canonical matches, corroborating recent findings. Using spatial curves and popular categorical features, such as target site length and location, we train a linear SVM model, utilizing experimental CLIP-seq data. Our model significantly outperforms all established methods, for both canonical and non-canonical sites. We achieve this while using a much larger candidate miRNA-mRNA interaction set than prior work. We have developed an efficient SVM-based model for miRNA target prediction using recent CLIP-seq data, demonstrating superior performance, evaluated using ROC curves, specifically about 20 % better than the state-of-the-art, for different species (human or mouse), or different target types (canonical or non-canonical). To the best of our knowledge we provide the first distributed framework for microRNA target prediction based on Apache Hadoop and Spark. All source code and data is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/cellsandmachines/avishkar .
Correlation of Tc with hole concentration in La2-xSrx

The electron deficiency (hole concentration) in the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ system is determined by a chemical method. Our results show a direct correlation between ${T}_{c}$ and hole concentration. The hole concentration equals the Sr concentration to about $x=0.15$. For $xg0.15$, the hole concentration decreases and oxygen vacancies are formed. These results strongly support an all-electronic mechanism for superconductivity in this system.
Direct and Indirect Mineralocorticoid Effects Determine Distal Salt Transport

Excess aldosterone is an important contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Conversely, low circulating aldosterone causes salt wasting and hypotension. Aldosterone activates mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) to increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. However, aldosterone may also stimulate the thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC). Here, we generated mice in which MRs could be deleted along the nephron to test this hypothesis. These kidney-specific MR-knockout mice exhibited salt wasting, low BP, and hyperkalemia. Notably, we found evidence of deficient apical orientation and cleavage of ENaC, despite the salt wasting. Although these mice also exhibited deficient NCC activity, NCC could be stimulated by restricting dietary potassium, which also returned BP to control levels. Together, these results indicate that MRs regulate ENaC directly, but modulation of NCC is mediated by secondary changes in plasma potassium concentration. Electrolyte balance and BP seem to be determined, therefore, by a delicate interplay between direct and indirect mineralocorticoid actions in the distal nephron.
Food Prices, Access to Food Outlets and Child Weight Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis

This study examines the importance of food prices and restaurant and food store outlet availability for child body mass index (BMI) and ordered categorical weight outcomes. We use child-mother merged files from the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth combined with fast food and fruit and vegetable price data obtained from the American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association and outlet density data on fast food and full-service restaurants and supermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores obtained from Dun & Bradstreet. We estimate naive ordinary least squares, random-effects and child fixed-effects BMI models and generalized ordered probit and random-effects generalized ordered probit models of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity for children aged 6 to 17. We also estimate separate models by children's age and race, family income, and mother's education status. Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity using random-effects estimation models, we find that a 10% increase in the price of fruits and vegetables increases BMI by 0.5% and lowers the prevalence of obesity by 4%. The price of fast food and the availability of restaurants and food stores are not found to be statistically significantly related to children's BMI or obesity. However, higher fast food prices are found to be weakly statistically significantly related to lower BMI among older children. Further analyses by sub-groups find the BMI of children in lower income families and those with lower educated mothers to be particularly sensitive to the price of fruits and vegetables suggesting that targeted subsidies for healthful foods may be an effective policy instrument for addressing child obesity in low-socioeconomic status families.
Validation of a Predictive Model for Survival and Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on Chicken Skin for Extrapolation to a Previous History of Frozen Storage

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's tertiary Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) model for survival and growth of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) on chicken skin stored for 0 to 8 h at 5 to 50°C was evaluated for its ability to predict survival and growth of the same organism on chicken skin after frozen storage for 6 days at -20°C. Experimental design and methods used to collect data for model development (dependent data) were the same as those used to collect data for survival and growth after frozen storage (independent data for extrapolation). This was done to provide a valid comparison of observed and predicted values. The model was classified as providing acceptable predictions of the test data when the proportion of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone (pAPZ) from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous) was ≥0.7. The pAPZ for dependent data, independent data for interpolation, and independent data for extrapolation to a new independent variable of previous frozen storage were all acceptable (pAPZ ≥0.7), with the exception of the pAPZ for dependent data at 50°C, where an unacceptable pAPZ of 0.625 was obtained. Although a majority of observed log counts were less than predicted log counts, indicating that frozen storage of chicken skin for 6 days at -20°C had injured some Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, the injury was not large enough to cause the tertiary PMP model to provide unacceptable predictions. Thus, it was concluded that the tertiary PMP model provided valid predictions of survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on chicken skin that had a previous history of frozen storage for 6 days at -20°C. Additional research is needed to determine how broadly the model can be applied to other conditions of previous frozen storage.
Alterations in Plasma Copper, Zinc, Amino Acids, and Seromucoid during Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Guinea Pigs

SummaryGuinea pigs inoculated with virulent Rickettsia rickettsii responded with a significant increase in plasma copper concentration within 1 day, preceding fever and detectable rickettsemia by 2 and 4 days, respectively. A decrease in serum zinc concentration coinciding with peak rickettsemia was detectable on Day 5. Evidence of altered host nitrogen metabolism during this illness included a doubling of plasma sero-mucoid concentration and a significant rise in the plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio.
bisphosphonates for fracture prevention in males â€“ a systematic review and meta-analysis

• 43 studies were included in this meta-analysis; 19 of them reported fracture outcomes for males. • Bisphosphonates had significant effects on reducing the risk of any fractures (Total population: RR=0.63, 95%CI=0.50-0.79; Male population: RR=0.58, 95%CI=0.36-0.85) and morphometric vertebral fractures (Total population: RR=0.45, 95%CI=0.32-0.63; Male population: RR=0.40, 95%CI=0.22-0.73). • There was very little evidence of heterogeneity (Total population: I2=0.0%; Male population: I2=11.9%-15.3%). No differences were found for fixed effects model and random effects model. • A visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Egger’s tests (Total population: p=0.119; Male population: p=0.690) indicated no evidence of publication bias. • Meta-regression showed that male proportion, age, BMI, BMD Tscore at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip sites, were unrelated to the effect size of bisphosphonates on fracture outcome BISPHOSPHONATES FOR FRACTURE PREVENTION IN MALES – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Study on Load Performance of Shanxi Power Gird

Based on the actual conditions of Shaanxi grid load, the scheme for investigating and information collecting is established aiming at the grid load performance of Shaanxi grid. According to this scheme, the load size, load classification and load components of 330 kV substation in Shaanxi grid are investigated, counted and analyzed deeply. Then, typical 330 kV substation with different power supply loads are determined and its load components are also analyzed qualitatively, the basic performance of Shaanxi grid is obtained, at the same time, some advice is also presented for the revision of Shaanxi grid load model.
Quantification of a Selective Expansion of T Cell Receptor Vβ by Superantigen Using Real-Time PCR

Selective expansion of T cells bearing specific T cell receptor Vβ segments is a hallmark of superantigens. Analyzing Vβ specificity of superantigens is important for characterizing newly discovered superantigens and understanding differential T cell responses to each toxin. Here, we describe a real-time PCR method using SYBR green I and primers specific to Cβ and Vβ genes for an absolute quantification. The established method was applied to quantify a selective expansion of T cell receptor Vβ expansion by superantigens and generated accurate, reproducible, and comparable results.
Earned Rates of Return, Allowed Rates of Return and the Cost of Capital in a Historical Setting

In Chapter 1 some key Supreme Court decisions regarding public utility rates were related to the underlying condition of prices. The dispute in Smyth v. Ames involved regulated prices that seemed to remain higher than was warranted during a deflationary period while the disputes in Southwestern Bell, Bluefield,and Georgia involved prices that seemed to remain too low in an inflationary period. The unmistakable impression one gets from these observations is that the outcome of regulatory decision making depends on the historical epoch in which the decision is made.
Knowledge and Belief

In order to facilitate discussion of the relationship between knowing that and conscious or rational belief, we now explicitly introduce a prefix Ka which will have similar syntactic properties in formulae abstracting knowledge claims as the prefix Ba has for formulae abstracting belief claims. Having introduced such an operator, we can see immediately that the following pair of formulae do not abstract logical truths for any pair of claims, where p abstracts some factual sentence: (1) Bap ⊃ Kap, (2) Kap ⊃ Bap. That (1) is false for rational human belief is sufficiently obvious given our previous discussion. But we may well raise the question whether (2) should be considered as a postulate in defining a relationship between knowledge and belief for rational agents. According to the partial analysis of knowledge offered in the last chapter, if it is true of a rational agent that he knows that p, then he will also believe that p, since he can answer any relevant non-metaphysical objection to p and therefore has sufficient reason to believe p. (2) is then true of a rational agent given what we have said about knowledge and belief to this point. That (2) is true of a rational agent seems to be agreed by most of the philosophers who have proposed any analysis of knowledge.
Advances in RNA molecular dynamics: a simulator's guide to RNA force fields

Molecular simulations have become an essential tool for biochemical research. When they work properly, they are able to provide invaluable interpretations of experimental results and ultimately provide novel, experimentally testable predictions. Unfortunately, not all simulation models are created equal, and with inaccurate models it becomes unclear what is a bona fide prediction versus a simulation artifact. RNA models are still in their infancy compared to the many robust protein models that are widely in use, and for that reason the number of RNA force field revisions in recent years has been rapidly increasing. As there is no universally accepted 'best' RNA force field at the current time, RNA simulators must decide which one is most suited to their purposes, cognizant of its essential assumptions and their inherent strengths and weaknesses. Hopefully, armed with a better understanding of what goes inside the simulation 'black box,' RNA biochemists can devise novel experiments and provide crucial thermodynamic and structural data that will guide the development and testing of improved RNA models. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1396. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1396 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Guest Editorial: Hardware/Software Cross-Layer Technologies for Trustworthy and Secure Computing

The increasing complexity of networked computing systems makes modern network systems vulnerable to various attacks against their resources, infrastructure, and operability. While the reasons for such attacks may be tied to complex sociological issues, the cause of the inadequate defense solutions lies in the single-layered approach used to address computer systems security. Current security approaches separate defense strategies into distinct realms, either hardware or software. Accordingly, cross-layer approaches for secure computing and circuit systems are entirely lacking. In addition, the wide usage of third-party IP cores and outsourcing fabrication/packaging services make it possible for malicious hardware modules to enter the design flow and complicate the problem of trusted system design and verification. Although hardware security has been under investigation for years, systematically understanding the security threats to hardware infrastructure from a cross-layer perspective is an emerging research topic. Therefore, this special issue intends to serve as a forum to present state-of-the-art security solutions crossing software and hardware layers towards trustworthy computing system development.
Impacts of Acidification and Potential Recovery on the Expected Value of Recreational Fisheries in Adirondack Lakes (USA)

We estimated the potential economic value of recreational fisheries in lakes altered by acid pollution in the Adirondack Mountains (USA). We found that the expected value of recreational fisheries has been diminished because of acid deposition but may improve as lakes recover from acidification under low emissions scenarios combined with fish stocking. Fishery value increased with lake pH, from a low of $4.41 angler day–1 in lakes with pH 6.5 that were stocked with trout species. Stocking increased the expected fishery value by an average of $11.50 angler day–1 across the entire pH range of the lakes studied. Simulating the future long-term trajectory of a subset of lakes, we found that pH and expected fishery value increased over time in all future emissions scenarios. Differences in estimated value among pollution reduction scenarios were small ( $4 angler day–1). Our work provides a basis f...
Essential Behavioral Qualities for Effective Leadership in Schools for Students who are Visually Impaired: A National Study:

This study examined the perceived essential behavioral leadership qualities necessary for effective leadership by principals and superintendents in schools for students with visual impairments. The...
Experiences and Attitudes Among Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced Practice Nurses in the Use of Telemental Health: Results of an Online Survey.

BACKGROUND: Telemental health (TMH) growth is driven by recent trends in health delivery systems and disparities in access to mental health services. There are currently no standard educational guidelines to prepare psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurses (PMH-APRNs) in TMH delivery. OBJECTIVE: To survey practicing PMH-APRNs across the United States about their experiences and attitudes about use of TMH. DESIGN: Eighty-three participants from the American Psychiatric Nurses Association online discussion board completed a nine-item survey. QUESTIONS INCLUDED: Length of time practicing as a PMH-APRN, TMH use in practice, populations served, and TMH background. RESULTS: A majority had been practicing as a PMH-APRN for less than a decade and had used TMH, although most reported no prior education or training in this delivery method. Participants did indicate a desire for TMH education. CONCLUSION: This survey affirms the prevalence of TMH use among PMH-APRN providers, lack of formal training, and n...
Rapid, directed transport of DC-SIGN clusters in the plasma membrane

C-type lectins, including dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), are all-purpose pathogen receptors that exist in nanoclusters in plasma membranes of dendritic cells. A small fraction of these clusters, obvious from the videos, can undergo rapid, directed transport in the plane of the plasma membrane at average speeds of more than 1 μm/s in both dendritic cells and MX DC-SIGN murine fibroblasts ectopically expressing DC-SIGN. Surprisingly, instantaneous speeds can be considerably greater. In MX DC-SIGN cells, many cluster trajectories are colinear with microtubules that reside close to the ventral membrane, and the microtubule-depolymerizing drug, nocodazole, markedly reduced the areal density of directed movement trajectories, suggesting a microtubule motor-driven transport mechanism; by contrast, latrunculin A, which affects the actin network, did not depress this movement. Rapid, retrograde movement of DC-SIGN may be an efficient mechanism for bringing bound pathogen on the leading edge and projections of dendritic cells to the perinuclear region for internalization and processing. Dengue virus bound to DC-SIGN on dendritic projections was rapidly transported toward the cell center. The existence of this movement within the plasma membrane points to an unexpected lateral transport mechanism in mammalian cells and challenges our current concepts of cortex-membrane interactions.
Bladder cancer treatment response assessment with radiomic, clinical, and radiologist semantic features

We are developing a decision support system for assisting clinicians in assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Accurate treatment response assessment is crucial for identifying responders and improving quality of life for non-responders. An objective machine learning decision support system may help reduce variability and inaccuracy in treatment response assessment. We developed a predictive model to assess the likelihood that a patient will respond based on image and clinical features. With IRB approval, we retrospectively collected a data set of pre- and post- treatment CT scans along with clinical information from surgical pathology from 98 patients. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier was used to predict the likelihood that a patient would respond to treatment based on radiomic features extracted from CT urography (CTU), a radiologist’s semantic feature, and a clinical feature extracted from surgical and pathology reports. The classification accuracy was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) with a leave-one-case-out cross validation. The classification accuracy was compared for the systems based on radiomic features, clinical feature, and radiologist’s semantic feature. For the system based on only radiomic features the AUC was 0.75. With the addition of clinical information from examination under anesthesia (EUA) the AUC was improved to 0.78. Our study demonstrated the potential of designing a decision support system to assist in treatment response assessment. The combination of clinical features, radiologist semantic features and CTU radiomic features improved the performance of the classifier and the accuracy of treatment response assessment.
Evaluation of Pressure Side Film Cooling With Flow and Thermal Field Measurements—Part I: Showerhead Effects

The goal of this study was to determine how showerhead blowing on a turbine vane leading edge affects of the performance of film cooling jets farther downstream. An emphasis was placed on measurements above the surface, i.e. flow visualization, thermal field, and velocity field measurements. The film cooling performance on the pressure side of a simulated turbine vane, with and without showerhead blowing, was examined. Results presented in this paper are for low mainstream turbulence; high mainstream turbulence effects are presented in the companion paper. At the location of the pressure side row of holes, the showerhead coolant extended a distance of about 3d from the surface (d is the coolant hole diameter). The pressure side was found to be subjected to high turbulence levels caused by the showerhead injection. Results indicate a greater dispersion of the pressure side coolant jets with showerhead flow due to the elevated turbulence levels.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Detection of Nonvolatile Inorganic Oxidizer-Based Explosives from Wipe Collections by Infrared Thermal Desorption-Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry.

Infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) was coupled with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the detection of both inorganic and organic explosives from wipe collected samples. This platform generated discrete and rapid heating rates that allowed volatile and semivolatile organic explosives to thermally desorb at relatively lower temperatures, while still achieving elevated temperatures required to desorb nonvolatile inorganic oxidizer-based explosives. IRTD-DART-MS demonstrated the thermal desorption and detection of refractory potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate oxidizers, compounds difficult to desorb with traditional moderate-temperature resistance-based thermal desorbers. Nanogram to sub-nanogram sensitivities were established for analysis of a range of organic and inorganic oxidizer-based explosive compounds, with further enhancement limited by the thermal properties of the most common commercial wipe materials. Detailed investigations and high-speed visualization reveal...