cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active shortening of the Cascadia forearc and implications for seismic hazards of the Puget Lowland

[1] Margin-parallel shortening of the Cascadia forearc is a consequence of oblique subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America. Strike-slip, thrust, and oblique crustal faults beneath the densely populated Puget Lowland accommodate much of this north-south compression, resulting in large crustal earthquakes. To better understand this forearc deformation and improve earthquake hazard assessment, we here use seismic reflection surveys, coastal exposures of Pleistocene strata, potential-field data, and airborne laser swath mapping to document and interpret a significant structural boundary near the City of Tacoma. This boundary is a complex structural zone characterized by two distinct segments. The northwest trending, eastern segment, extending from Tacoma to Carr Inlet, is formed by the broad (∼11.5 km), southwest dipping (∼11°–20°) Rosedale monocline. This monocline raises Crescent Formation basement about 2.5 km, resulting in a moderate gravity gradient. We interpret the Rosedale monocline as a fault-bend fold, forming above a deep thrust fault. Within the Rosedale monocline, inferred Quaternary strata thin northward and form a growth triangle that is 4.1 to 6.6 km wide at its base, suggesting ∼2–3 mm/yr of slip on the underlying thrust. The western section of the >40-km-long, north dipping Tacoma fault, extending from Hood Canal to Carr Inlet, forms the western segment of the Tacoma basin margin. Structural relief on this portion of the basin margin may be several kilometers, resulting in steep gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies. Quaternary structural relief along the Tacoma fault is as much as 350–400 m, indicating a minimum slip rate of about 0.2 mm/yr. The inferred eastern section of the Tacoma fault (east of Carr Inlet) crosses the southern part of the Seattle uplift, has variable geometry along strike, and diminished structural relief. The Tacoma fault is regarded as a north dipping backthrust to the Seattle fault, so that slip on a master thrust fault at depth could result in movement on the Seattle fault, the Tacoma fault, or both.
A Core Activity Associated with the N Terminus of the Yeast RAD52 Protein Is Revealed by RAD51 Overexpression Suppression of C-Terminal rad52 Truncation Alleles

C-terminal rad52 truncation and internal deletion mutants were characterized for their ability to repair MMS-induced double-strand breaks and to produce viable spores during meiosis. The rad52-Delta251 allele, encoding the N-terminal 251 amino acids of the predicted 504-amino-acid polypeptide, supports partial activity for both functions. Furthermore, RAD51 overexpression completely suppresses the MMS sensitivity of a rad52-Delta251 mutant. The absence of the C terminus in the truncated protein makes it likely that suppression occurs by bypassing the C-terminal functions of Rad52p. RAD51 overexpression does not suppress the low level of spore viability that the rad52-Delta251 allele causes and only partially suppresses the defect in rad52 alleles encoding the N-terminal 292 or 327 amino acids. The results of this study also show that intragenic complementation between rad52 alleles is governed by a complex relationship that depends heavily on the two alleles involved and their relative dosage. In heteroallelic rad52 diploids, the rad52-Delta251 allele does not complement rad52 missense mutations altering residues 61 or 64 in the N terminus. However, complementation is achieved with each of these missense alleles when the rad52-Delta251 allele is overexpressed. Complementation also occurs between rad52-Delta327 and an internal deletion allele missing residues 210 through 327. We suggest that the first 251 amino acids of Rad52p constitute a core domain that provides critical RAD52 activities.
Standardized pain flowsheet: impact on patient-reported pain experiences after cardiovascular surgery

Background Administration of analgesics per patient request or random pain assessments may provide inadequate pain management. Objective To examine the impact of nurses' use of a standardized pain flowsheet to document pain assessment and pharmacologic management on patient-reported pain intensity. Methods A pre-post intervention design was used to compare 61 patients. In the preimplementation group, traditional charting of pain presence or absence was documented in the narrative notes and pharmacologic management was recorded on the medication profile. In the postimplementation group, the intensity of pain and pharmacologic management were documented on a pain flowsheet. Within 24 hours after transfer to the step-down unit, patients were interviewed regarding pain intensity experienced in the surgical heart unit and at the time of questioning. The distribution of these pain intensity scores was compared. Results The postimplementation group reported significantly lower pain intensity ratings for the average amount of pain experienced while in the surgical heart unit, the least amount of pain experienced while in the surgical heart unit, and the pain experienced at the moment of questioning. Conclusions Use of a standardized pain flowsheet to assess pain intensity and document pharmacologic intervention may improve pain management in postsurgical cardiovascular patients.
A new Ru(II)Rh(III) bimetallic with a single Rh-Cl bond as a supramolecular photocatalyst for proton reduction.

A new RuIIRhIII structural motif [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)RhCl(tpy)]4+ with one halide on the RhIII center demonstrates light-driven proton reduction ability, establishing that two halide ligands are not mandatory despite all prior systems containing a cis-RhCl2 catalytic site. This new design provides a novel approach to modulate RhIII redox behavior and catalytic activity with insight into catalytic intermediates.
Multihormonal regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

Abstract In the absence of hormones, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase mRNA rapidly declined to undetectable levels in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Dexamethasone increased mRNA levels and this effect was blocked by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Insulin or thyroxine had no effect but potentiated the dexamethasone induction. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP decreased the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone at early times but after 24 hours the cyclic nucleotide increased mRNA levels compared with dexamethasone alone. It was concluded that expression of the bifunctional enzyme gene in hepatocytes is under a complex multihormonal control. Glucocorticoids are the most important transcriptional factor and their effect requires ongoing protein synthesis.
Impact of a Health Literacy Training Course on Community Pharmacists’ Health Literacy Knowledge and Attitudes

Background: According to the 2003 US Department of Education National Assessment of Adult Literacy, 36% of Americans have basic or below basic health literacy. Low health literacy has been shown to...
Looking for food in all the right places

Examining a potential functional role for growth hormone secretagogue receptors in the hippocampus, Diano and colleagues (Diano et al., 2006), demonstrate novel actions of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin in hippocampal synaptic architecture, LTP, and learning and memory. These data suggest functional links between metabolic signaling and higher neural function.
Stopping decisions of Travelers

Abstract What makes travelers interrupt their journey and make a stop at a particular travel facility? To gain an understanding of this stopping-decision process, a general stopping-decision framework is proposed and examined through three studies. Qualitative research in Study 1 establishes the notion that stopping-decision processes generally begin with the identification of multiple concurrent needs (such as gas or food), and conclude with the stop at a travel facility (such as travel plazas or rest areas). Study 2 uses a national panel survey to identify the traveler and trip-related characteristics that influence the stopping-decision process. Study 3 uses a series of exit surveys to further examine the characteristics that influence travelers’ perceptions of travel plazas. The proposed framework can help operators of travel facilities gain a better understanding of what makes travelers interrupt their journey, how they decide which facility to visit, what they do at the facility, and how to attract them. These insights can be used to determine optimal locations for travel facilities and what trade-offs should be made to develop facilities that attract travelers.
Subcutaneous injection of an analog of neuropeptide FF prevents naloxone-precipitated morphine abstinence syndrome

There is evidence that neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has antiopiate activity and may play a role in opiate dependence and subsequent abstinence syndrome. A fragment of NPFF was modified at the C-terminal in an effort to convert it to an NPFF antagonist. It was also dansylated at the N-terminal in an effort to render it more lipophilic and increase its penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Third ventricle administration of the resulting compound, dansyl-PQRamide (0.75 microgram and 1 microgram), dose-dependently antagonized the quasi-morphine abstinence activity of NPFF (10 micrograms) in opiate-naive rats. Subcutaneous injection of dansyl-PQRamide (13 mg/kg) in chronically morphine-infused rats attenuated opiate dependence as indicated by prevention of naloxone-precipitated abstinence syndrome. Dansyl-PQRamide displaced radiolabelled ligand from NPFF receptors in a concentration-dependent manner with a Ki of 13 microM, and had a half-life over 300 times longer than NPFF under aminopeptidase digestion.
Mode conversion in rectangular-core optical fibers.

Mode conversion from the fundamental to a higher-order mode in a rectangular-core optical fiber is accomplished by applying pressure with the edge of a flat plate. Modal analysis of the near and far field images of the fiber’s transmitted beam determines the purity of the converted mode. Mode conversion reaching 75% of the targeted higher-order mode is achieved using this technique. Conversion from a higher-order mode back to the fundamental mode is also demonstrated with comparable efficiency. Propagation of a higher-order mode in a rectangular-core fiber allows for better thermal management and bend-loss immunity than conventional circular-core fibers, extending the power-handling capabilities of optical fibers.
Update on nutrition monitoring activities in the United States

Abstract This article provides an overview of planned and proposed nutrition monitoring activities of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research (NNMRR) Program. Key provisions of the NNMRR Act of 1990 are described, including the roles and responsibilities of the Interagency Board of Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research (IBNMRR) and the National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council and the development of the Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan. The Plan, which was developed under the guidance of the IBNMRR and reviewed by the National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council, is the basis for planning and coordinating the monitoring activities of 22 federal agencies. Also discussed are the resources generated from nutrition monitoring activities, from publications to conferences, that are available to dietitians and nutritionists. Professionals view the scientific reports that describe the nutritional status of the US population and the directories of federal and state monitoring activities as valuable resources. Suggestions from users of nutrition monitoring data related to their information and research needs have been extremely helpful to federal agencies in the development of future monitoring publications and the Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan. Continued communication between dietitians and the federal agencies responsible for the NNMRR Program is important.
Analytic structure of the self-energy for massive gauge bosons at finite temperature.

We show that the one-loop self-energy at finite temperature has a unique limit as the external momentum ${p}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ if the loop involves propagators with distinct masses. This naturally arises in theories involving particles with different masses as is demonstrated for a toy model of two scalars as well as in a U(1) Higgs theory. We show that, in spontaneously broken gauge theories, this observation nonetheless does not affect the difference between the Debye and plasmon masses, which are often thought of as the (${p}_{0}=0$, p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) and (${p}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, p=0) limits of the self-energy.
Uncertain effect of indomethacin on physeal growth injury Experiments in rabbits

Growth arrest and shortening remain significant sequelae of growth-plate injuries. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, known to inhibit callus and bone formation, may be useful to diminish callu...
The relation of the yield stress of high‐pressure anvils to the pressure attained at yielding and the ultimate attainable pressure

A sensitive microprofilometer was used to determine the onset of yielding in the anvils of a supported opposed anvil device for the case of 3% cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide as the anvil material. In addition, it is shown how the commencement of yielding in boron carbide pistons, the yield strength being known, can be used to obtain the transition pressure to a conducting phase in gallium phosphide. The transition pressures of bismuth and gallium phosphide are obtained and it is found that these transitions are extremely close to the maximum attainable pressure in, respectively, a maraging steel and a 3% cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide.
Wide-field imaging interferometry spatial-spectral image synthesis algorithms

Developed is an algorithmic approach for wide field of view interferometric spatial-spectral image synthesis. The data collected from the interferometer consists of a set of double-Fourier image data cubes, one cube per baseline. These cubes are each three-dimensional consisting of arrays of two-dimensional detector counts versus delay line position. For each baseline a moving delay line allows collection of a large set of interferograms over the 2D wide field detector grid; one sampled interferogram per detector pixel per baseline. This aggregate set of interferograms, is algorithmically processed to construct a single spatial-spectral cube with angular resolution approaching the ratio of the wavelength to longest baseline. The wide field imaging is accomplished by insuring that the range of motion of the delay line encompasses the zero optical path difference fringe for each detector pixel in the desired field-of-view. Each baseline cube is incoherent relative to all other baseline cubes and thus has only phase information relative to itself. This lost phase information is recovered by having point, or otherwise known, sources within the field-of-view. The reference source phase is known and utilized as a constraint to recover the coherent phase relation between the baseline cubes and is key to the image synthesis. Described will be the mathematical formalism, with phase referencing and results will be shown using data collected from NASA/GSFC Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT).
New ideas in ungulate phylogeny and evolution.

Abstract Most of the ungulates (hoofed mammals) that survive today belong to the orders Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) or Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), and are known for their herbivorous specializations (e.g. the ruminant type of stomach), for their large body size (e.g. hippos or rhinos) or for their fleetness of foot (e.g. antelope or horses). Yet these present-day examples represent the specialized end-points of a large Tertiary radiation of hoofed mammals. There was a bewildering variety of small generalized early Tertiary forms, even including some carnivorous taxa. In addition, some specialized island continent ungulate radiations are now either entirely extinct (the South American ungulates), or are represented by only a few living members (the African ‘subungulates'). Recent fossil discoveries, and advances in phylogenetic systematics, have reopened a number of issues in ungulate classification, which have affected our views not only on ungulates themselves, but also on patterns of Tertiary biogeography and evolution.
Investigation Of Conformational Changes In Proteins Using Fluorescence And Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay

Several well-characterized conformational changes in two proteins, bovine serum albumin and yeast enolase, were investigated using steady-state quenching and dynamic fluorescence measurements. These results were compared with published observations. Conformational changes involving domain or subunit separation are associated with increased Stern-Volmer quenching constants but no consistent change in emission maximum or average tryptophanyl-fluorescence lifetime. Rotational correlation times from tryptophanyl-fluorescence anisotropy decay are in agreement with expected values, showing the value of such measurements in analysis of conformational changes in proteins.
Study of ice accretion on icing wind tunnel components

In a closed loop icing wind tunnel the icing cloud is simulated by introducing tiny water droplets through an array of nozzles upstream of the test section. This cloud will form ice on all tunnel components (e.g., turning vanes, inlet guide vanes, fan blades, and the heat exchanger) as the cloud flows around the tunnel. These components must have the capacity to handle their icing loads without causing significant tunnel performance degradation during the course of an evening's run. To aid in the design of these components for the proposed Altitude Wind Tunnel (AWT) at NASA Lewis Research Center the existing Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) is used to measure icing characteristics of the IRT's components. The results from the IRT are scaled to the AWT to account for the AWT's larger components and higher velocities. The results show that from 90 to 45 percent of the total spray cloud froze out on the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the first set of turning vanes downstream of the test section, the FOD screen and the fan blades show significant ice formation. The scaling shows that the same results would occur in the AWT.
What can ADHD without comorbidity teach us about comorbidity

Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in ADHD is frequent, impairing and poorly understood. In this report, characteristics of comorbid and comorbid-free ADHD subjects are investigated in an attempt to identify differences that could potentially advance our understanding of risk factors. In a clinically-referred ADHD cohort of 449 youths (ages 6-18), age, gender, IQ, SES and ADHD symptoms were compared among ADHD comorbid free subjects and ADHD with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Logistic regression analyses were also carried out to investigate the relationship between comorbidity and parental psychiatric status. Age range was younger in the ADHD without comorbidity and older in ADHD+internalizing disorders. No significant difference in IQ or SES was found among ADHD comorbid and comorbid-free groups. ADHD with internalizing disorder has a significantly greater association with paternal psychiatric conditions. After matching by age, gender, IQ and SES, ADHD with externalizing disorders had significantly higher total ADHD, hyperactivity/impulsivity score and single item score of difficulty awaiting turn than ADHD without comorbidity and ADHD with internalizing disorders. Older age ranges, ADHD symptom severity and parental psychopathology may be risk factors for comorbidity.
Theory and Practice: Science for Undergraduates of Limited English Proficiency

Between 1980 and 1990, the total number of Asian, Hispanic, American Indian, and foreign undergraduates increased by more than 50% at public and private, four-year and two-year colleges. Many of these students may be of limited English proficiency, suggesting that the traditional science lecture/lab format may need modification to incorporate the theory of second language acquisition as it pertains to the practice of content instruction. Various methods exist to improve science instruction for limited English proficient undergraduates. These included the adjunct and tutorial models, sheltered or bridge science instruction, faculty development, and science instruction in the students' native language. Any plan for science education reform at the collegiate level or for increasing minority participation in science must address the needs of the growing population of undergraduates who speak English as a second language.
35S-sulfate incorporation into bovine articular chondrocyte explant cultures An attempt at replication

Abstract This report presents the results of a study to determine the replicability of a robust and reproducible magnetic field-induced effect reported previously by others. To this end a close collaboration was established with the original laboratory so that key procedures, research materials, reagents, and supplies were as identical as possible between our two laboratories. Our goal was to determine the effect of a pulsed magnetic field at 15 Hz (4 h/day for 7 days) on the incorporation of 35 S-sulfate into proteoglycan in bovine articular chondrocyte explant cultures. A series of sham/sham exposures were performed in addition to a series of MF exposures vs. control experiments. We observed no effect of MF exposure on 35 S-sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan after 7 days in culture. Possible reasons underlying the difference in results in our laboratory as compared to the original laboratory are presented.
Photochemical probes of intramolecular electron and energy transfer

Abstract Photochemically reactive systems have been developed which allow the quantitative assessment of free energy/rate correlations for intramolecular excited state electron and energy transfer (ET and E N T, respectively). Preliminary results are described on systems which contain the (diimine)Re I (CO) 3 -chromophore covalently linked to either an electron donor or an (excited state) energy acceptor. The electron donor and the energy acceptor units undergo rapid chemical reaction upon being oxidized (via photoinduced ET) or photochemically excited (by intramolecular E N T). Quantitative examination of the photophysics and photochemical reaction quantum yields in these molecules allows evaluation of the rates of intramolecular ET and E N T.
The antibody paradox: Trying on a pair of genes

Rodney Porter's separation of antibody molecules into Fab and Fc fragments engendered the notion that a single antibody polypeptide chain might be coded by two or more genes. This concept profoundly influenced the development of molecular immunology over the past 25 years. Our current knowledge of antibody gene organization has enabled investigators to recombine antibody genes to create “chimeric” antibodies with a number of potentially useful applications.
SU‐C‐110‐06: Lung Tumor Volume Change and Correlation to Initial Size and Motion

Purpose: To quantify the volume change of lungtumors during the course of therapeutic radiation as a function of initial volume and respiration induced motion. Methods: Nine lungcancer patients were scanned on a Philips Big Bore Brilliance© CT scanner. They were subsequently rescanned after 4,000cGy of therapeuticlungtumor irradiation. Time dependence of the CT scans was obtained via placement of a bellows around the abdomen. Lungtumor lesions were contoured on inspiration (0% breathing phase) and exhalation (50% breathing phase) by a board certified radiation oncologist. Lesion volume and centroids were determined automatically via treatment planning software (Pinnacle© 9.0, ADAC Philips). External markers (BBs) were placed laterally and anterior to the approximate lesion location and formed a reference position. Results: The reference position in general had less than one mm of motion. The average initial distance from lesion centroid to the diaphragm was 9.3 ± 5.3cm (SD, range 0.57–21.18cm). Upon rescan, the average distance was 9.1 ± 4.8cm. The average initial tumor centroid motion was 0.10 ± 0.08, 0.21 ± 0.17 and 0.70 ± 0.63cm forthe left‐right, anterior‐posterior and superior‐inferior directions respectively. Upon rescan, the same averages were 0.11 ± 0.08, 0.25 ±0.16 and 0.65 ± 0.57cm. The average initial tumor volume was 27.6 ± 37.7cc (range 3.3 – 122.8cc). Upon rescan the average volume was 21.3 ± 30.9cc (range 0.5 – 97.1cc). For tumors whose volume was reduced by 40% or more (4 of 9, 44%), the ratio of superior‐inferior motion after rescan to before showed less variation than for the lesions whose volume changed less: 1.07 ± 0.36 vs. 0.79 ± 0.76. Conclusions: A trend was observed that suggests after 4,000cGy of therapeutic radiation, tumors with less volume change have less predictable motion change, than for tumors that experience a larger volume change.
Interface Conditions for Spherical Harmonics Methods

A set of interface conditions is derived rigorously for the general spherical harmonics solution of the Boltzmann transport equation in three-dimensional Cartesian geometry. The derivation builds u...
Fault-Tolerance of Dynamic-Full-Access Interconnection Networks

A β-network is an interconnection network composed of 2 ×2 crossbar switches called β-elements. This paper presents an analysis of the fault-tolerance of β-networks. A fault model is specified which allows β-elements to be stuck in either of their two normal states. A new connectivity property called dynamic full access (DFA) is introduced which serves as the criterion for fault tolerance. A fault is called critical if it destroys the DFA property; otherwise, it is noncritical. A minimal critical fault (MCF) is a critical fault none of whose proper subsets constitutes a critical fault. Two graph-theoretical characterizations of the minimal critical faults and the noncritical faults of a β-network are presented. Some applications of the theory developed here are discussed.
Influence of Rate and Length of Cookery upon Product Attributes of Pre‐ and Post‐Rigor Beef

Paired sides of 15 steer carcasses were used to determine the effects of low temperature, long duration cooking upon muscle (semimembranosus, SM; semitendinosus, ST) shortening, cooking and tenderness attributes of beef roasts that were removed 1 hr (hot-boned, HB) and 48 hr postmortem (cold-boned, CB). The cooking treatments were: (1) 1st hr at 47°C then raised 5.6°C/hr through the 5th hr (69°C); (2) 1st hr at 52°C then raised 5.6°C/hr through the 4th hr (69°C); and (3) 1st hr at 58°C then raised 5.6°C/hr through the 3rd hr (69°C) and thereafter at 80°C until an internal temperature of 66°C was reached. Shear values and panel ratings showed HB roasts to be slightly less tender than CB roasts. Cooking yields were higher for HB than CB roasts.
Specificity of chloroplast-localized peptide deformylases as determined with peptide analogs of chloroplast-translated proteins.

Abstract Peptide deformylase (DEF; EC 3.5.1.88) removes the N -formyl group from nascent polypeptides. Two nuclear-encoded DEFs in Arabidopsis thaliana ( At ) are localized to chloroplasts, and thus, the N-termini of chloroplast-translated proteins may be a consequence of At DEFs’ substrate specificity. Using peptide analogs of select chloroplast-translated proteins, At DEF1 activity was as much as 100-fold lower than At DEF2 activity and showed little variance with peptide sequence. However, At DEF2 activity was significantly influenced by peptide sequence, with the most efficiently processed substrate mimicking the N-terminus of the nascent D1 polypeptide, a core protein of photosystem II. Though At DEF2’s specificity was predictive of N -formyl retention for some chloroplast proteins, exceptions suggests that additional factors in vivo aid in determining the retention of an N -formyl group.
Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl Exhibit Temperature Dependent Effects on Human Respiratory Cilia

Background: Dexmedetomidine (dex) is commonly used in intensive care due to its effective sedation and analgesia with few adverse effects and minimal respiratory depression. However, we recently observed that exposing mouse epithelial respiratory cells to dex decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF), suggesting dex may pose pulmonary risk. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of this drug on CBF in human respiratory epithelia. Methods: Human nasal epithelial cilia were obtained from the inferior nasal turbinate with a rhinoprobe and placed in culture medium at 15o and 37°C. At 5 and 30 minutes, videomicroscopy was used to assess CBF, either without (control) or with different concentrations (1nM, 5nM, 10nM) of dex, fentanyl, and dex+fentanyl combination. Results: At 15°, CBF was lower in the dex group compared to controls at 5 and 30 minutes. At 37°, there was a significant increase in CBF with dex at 5 and 30 minutes, except for dex at 5nM after 5 minutes which showed a significant decrease. At 15°C the combination of dex+fentanyl (fen) showed a positive interaction, causing less ciliary inhibition as expected. In contrast, no interaction between drugs was seen between dex and fen at 37°C. Conclusion: At low temperatures, dex reduces CBF in human respiratory epithelia, whereas dex increases CBF at physiologic temperature in vitro. Whether these effects translate into clinical consequences during hypothermia, as with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery will require further studies.
Effect of inverter-based DG penetration and control in hybrid microgrid dynamics and stability

This paper presents a study on the effect of increasing the inverter-based Distributed Generators (DGs) penetration in the dynamics and stability of a hybrid Microgrid. An analysis is also done to compare different inverter control techniques as a way to reduce voltage and frequency variations after a disturbance. The purpose of this study is to compare Microgrids with different percentage of inverter penetration and propose methods to enhance stability. Results show that increasing penetration of inverters operated in slave mode, reduces stability. This is observed as oscillations and large settling times for voltage and frequency after disturbances such as islanding with power unbalance and fault-triggered islanding. Results also show that using droops in the inverter control loop can limit oscillations and reduce recovery times even beyond that of a system with large percentage of power generated with a synchronous machine. Finally, it is shown that if the inverter is operated so that its power factor matches that of the local loads, then stability increases.
Azariah de' Rossi. The Light of the Eyes . Translated with introduction and annotations by Joanna Weinberg. Yale Judaica Series. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. xlix, 802 pp.

The central dimension of Azariah de' Rossi's complex and diverse treatise, Meءor עeinayim, is undoubtedly what Joanna Weinberg describes as “his real contribution to critical scholarship” (p. xxix), and this is especially evident in his innovative chapters on Philo, rabbinic aggadah and Jewish chronology. De' Rossi's studies are compounded by ponderous Hebrew prose replete with citations, proof-texts, references, and allusions. Nevertheless, Weinberg skillfully makes this classic manageable in English. Her abundant notes clarify the classical Jewish texts he addressed and the innumerable Jewish and non-Jewish sources from antiquity to the sixteenth century integral to his scholarly endeavor. The translation is also complemented by a comprehensive index of sources.
Radiologist and automated image analysis

Significant advances are being made in the area of automated medical image analysis. Part of the progress is due to the general advances being made in the types of algorithms used to process images and perform various detection and recognition tasks. A more important reason for this growth in medical image analysis processes, may be due however to a very different reason. The use of computer workstations, digital image acquisition technologies and the use of CRT monitors for display of medical images for primary diagnostic reading is becoming more prevalent in radiology departments around the world. With the advance in computer- based displays, however, has come the realization that displaying images on a CRT monitor is not the same as displaying film on a viewbox. There are perceptual, cognitive and ergonomic issues that must be considered if radiologists are to accept this change in technology and display. The bottom line is that radiologists' performance must be evaluated with these new technologies and image analysis techniques in order to verify that diagnostic performance is at least as good with these new technologies and image analysis procedures as with film-based displays. The goal of this paper is to address some of the perceptual, cognitive and ergonomic issues associated with reading radiographic images from digital displays.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THE FLICKER RESPONSE CONTOUR FOR THE FROG.

The flicker response contour for the frog Rana pipiens exhibits the duplex character typical for most vertebrates. By comparison (under the same conditions of temperature, 21.5 degrees , and light-time fraction, = 0.5), the low intensity section of the F - log I curve is the smallest thus far found. The cone portion of the curve is satisfactorily described by a probability integral. The rod part represents the addition of a small group of sensory effects upon the lower end of the cone curve, from which it can be analytically separated. The relation between the two groups of sensory effects permits certain tests of the rule according to which (in homogeneous data) I(m) and sigma(1I1) are in direct proportion.
Effect of temperature (and substrate concentration) on chick lactate dehydrogenase activity.

SummarySpectrophotometric analysis of chick lactate dehydrogenase activity showed that the LDH in breast muscle supernatant and isolated LDH 5 had greater activity at high pyruvate concentration than at low. The difference was more marked at 40°C than at lower temperatures. Heart muscle LDH, and isolated LDH 1 reacted best at low pyruvate concentration. The difference was less marked at 40°C than at lower temperatures.
Changes in Coping Strategies over Time in a Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Population: A Preliminary Assessment

Coping is an important part of substance use disorders in terms of use, treatment, and recovery. In this longitudinal study, participants were 25 patients at a 28- to 90-day residential substance abuse treatment facility. All coping strategies were measured using the Urge-Specific Coping Strategies and General Coping Strategies measures. Paired samples t tests assessed the change in use of coping skills over the course of treatment. Frequency of using behavioral and cognitive urge-specific and general lifestyle strategies changed over treatment. Additionally, efficacy of behavioral and cognitive general lifestyle coping strategies increased over the course of treatment.
Parents' expectations and perceptions of infant temperament: “Pregnancy status” differences

Abstract At approximately 16 weeks of pregnancy, 41 couples (14 primiparous and 27 multiparous, 13 of whom anticipated a cesarean delivery) completed Bates, Freeland, and Lounsbury's (1979) Infant Characteristic Questionnaire (ICQ), modified to ask about expectations of infant characteristics. Significant group differences were found in three of the four ICQ factors. The multiparous parents expecting a vaginal delivery had the lowest scores, indicating expectations of temperamentally “more optimal” babies. A similar pattern of results was obtained from late pregnancy and 3–4 months postpartum administrations of the ICQ. In general, factor scores of the primiparous and cesarean parents did not differ. Significant correlations were obtained in comparisons of the scores from the two prenatal administrations and, for the multiparous parents, in the prenatal to postpartum comparisons. The results indicate that parity and childbirth experience affect parents' expectations and perceptions of infant temperament.
MRI contrast using solid-state, B1-distorting, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microresonant devices (MRDs).

Presently, signal generation in MRI depends on the concentration and relaxivity of protons or other MR-active nuclei, and contrast depends on local differences in signal. In this proof-of-principle study, we explore the use of nonchemical, solid-state devices for generating detectable signal and/or contrast in vitro and in vivo. We introduce the concept of microresonant devices (MRDs), which are micron-sized resonators fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Fifteen-micrometer (15-μm)-thick, coil MRDs were designed to resonate at the 3T Larmor frequency of protons (127.7 MHz) and were fabricated using tantalum (Ta) oxide thin-film capacitors and copper-plated spiral inductors. The performance of MRDs having final diameters of 300, 500, and 1000 μm were characterized in saline using a radio frequency (RF) scanning microscope and a clinical 3T MR scanner. The measured B1 fields of 300 μm to 1000 μm MRDs ranged from 3.25 μT to 3.98 μT, and their quality factors (Q) ranged from 3.9 to 7.2. When implanted subcutaneously in the flank of a mouse, only MRDs tuned to the resonant frequency of protons generated a measurable in vivo B1 field. This study lays the foundation for a new class of solid-state contrast agents for MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Plausiblity of Antiferromagnetism in and near RBCO Vortex Cores: An ME-μSR Analysis

Maximum-Entropy (ME) analysis is applied to muon-spin-rotation (μSR) data of RBa2Cu3Oy (RBCO; R = Ho, Eu) vortex states. Our focus is on the prospect of antiferromagnetism (AF) associated with the vortex core. The ME transforms are fitted by two μSR signals: the vortex signal and the grain-boundary (GB) signal. Below Tc, the GB signals are well fitted by Gaussians for both EuBCO (Tc = 94 K) and underdoped HoBCO (Tc = 66 K). Below 0.5Tc, EuBCO and HoBCO vortex signals are best fitted using Lorentzians, instead of expected Gaussians. An estimate for an effective Neel temperature of an AF vortex core is about 30 K. Our AF-core search results for RBCO vortex states are discussed considering a magnetic origin of cuprate superconductivity.
Status of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Pressurized Thermal Shock Rule Re-Evaluation Project

The current federal regulations to ensure that nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to transients such as pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events were derived from computational models that were developed in the early to mid 1980s. Since that time, there have been advancements in relevant technologies associated with the physics of PTS events that impact RPV integrity assessment. Preliminary studies performed in 1999 suggested that application of the improved technology could reduce the conservatism in the current regulations while continuing to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection to public health and safety. A relaxation of PTS regulations could have profound implications for plant license extension considerations. Based on the above, in 1999, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) initiated a comprehensive project, with the nuclear power industry as a participant, to re-evaluate the current PTS regulations within the framework established by modern probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques. During the last three years, improved computational models have evolved through interactions between experts in the relevant disciplines of thermal hydraulics, PRA, human reliability analysis (HRA), materials embrittlement effects on fracture toughness (crack initiation and arrest), fracture mechanics methodology, and fabrication-induced flaw characterization. These experts were from the NRC staff, their contractors, and representatives from the nuclear industry. These improved models have now been implemented into the FAVOR (F racture A nalysis of V essels: O ak R idge) computer code, which is an applications tool for performing risk-informed structural integrity evaluations of embrittled RPVs subjected to transient thermal-hydraulic loading conditions. The baseline version of FAVOR (version 1.0) was released in October 2001. The updated risk-informed computational methodology in the FAVOR code is currently being applied to selected domestic commercial pressurized water reactors to evaluate the adequacy of the current regulations and to determine whether a technical basis can be established to support a relaxation of the current regulations. This paper provides a status report on the application of the updated computational methodology to a commercial pressurized water reactor (PWR) and discusses the results and interpretation of those results. It is anticipated that this re-evaluation effort will be completed in 2002.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Surface characterization of cross-linked elastomers by shear modulation force microscopy

Abstract Brominated poly(isobutylene- co -4-methylstyrene) (BIMS) is a synthetic terpolymer which can be stoichiometrically cross-linked by N , N ′-dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine (DIAK). The degree of cross-links on bulk samples was determined by measuring the low frequency shear modulus with parallel plate method. The surface modulus of the same samples was measured using a new method, shear modulation force microscopy (SMFM). The moduli of the bulk sample and the surface were found to have the same scaling with the cross-link density, and good agreement with rubber elasticity theory was obtained in both cases. The SMFM was then used to monitor the cross-linking process, as a function of DIAK concentration and curing time, in thin films where standard rheological methods cannot be applied. The results show that in all cases the cross-linking reaction at the surface reaches saturation in less than 10 min as compared to at least 1 h in the bulk samples.
On the optimal and suboptimal solutions of the mixed sensitivity problem

Abstract In this note using elementary operator theoretic methods, we give a method for the explicit computation of the suboptimal and optimal solutions to the mixed sensitivity problem for stable single-input-single-output distributed systems.
Adolescent autonomy, parent-adolescent conflict, and parental well-being.

The present study examines whether parents' reports of well-being are related to the level of parent-adolescent conflict in the family and their youngsters' level of emotional autonomy. The sample is composed of 129 intact families with a first-born child between the ages of 10 and 15. Measures included parents' reports of midlife identity concerns, self-esteem, life satisfaction, psychological symptoms, and parent-adolescent conflict, as well as youngsters' reports of emotional autonomy vis-a-vis parents. Findings indicate that (1) parents' experience of midlife identity concerns is positively related to the level of emotional autonomy reported by same-sex children; (2) mothers', but not fathers', well-being is negatively related to the intensity of parent-adolescent conflict; and (3) socioeconomic status moderates the relation between parental well-being and parent-adolescent relations. These results are discussed in terms of psychoanalytic and parental stress perspectives on parental well-being during the adolescent years.
Advanced instrumentation for non‐linear Raman microscopy

Over the past several years, there was a renaissance of non-linear Raman microscopy based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. We propose and experimentally implement a novel approach to construct an apparatus for non-linear Raman imaging. The complete set-up can be constructed for <$50 000 and can be used for a large variety of spectroscopic applications including CARS microscopy and non-linear optical sensing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of sustained-release verapamil in chronic stable angina pectoris.

Abstract The effectiveness of a sustained-release preparation of verapamil (verapamil-SR) was compared with the regular formulation of verapamil and with placebo in 12 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. All patients completed an 8-week, double-blind, double-crossover, randomized protocol with 2-week treatment periods of verapamil-SR, 240 mg twice daily; regular-formulation verapamil, 120 mg 4 times daily; and 2 placebo therapies. The frequency of weekly anginal episodes was reduced from 7.6 ± 10.0 with placebo to 3.1 ± 4.2 after the regular formulation of verapamil (p = 0.09) and from 6.4 ± 7.6 with placebo to 2.8 ± 4.8 after verapamil-SR (p = 0.06). Treadmill time increased from 384 ± 144 seconds during the first placebo phase to 468 ± 138 seconds after the regular formulation of verapamil (p
Differential effects of active attention and age on event-related potentials to visual and olfactory stimuli

Normal aging impairs olfactory functioning both centrally and peripherally. The P3 peak of the event-related potential (ERP), evoked by active response to a target stimulus, is considered a reflection of central cognitive processing. It can also be evoked in a passive task to both auditory and visual stimuli. Our goal was to investigate whether age influences amplitude and latency of the ERP differentially in active and passive tasks to olfactory stimuli. Olfactory and visual event-related potentials were elicited with a single stimulus paradigm in separate active and passive task response conditions. Participants included 30 healthy individuals from three age groups, young, middle age, and older adults. Results indicated that P3 ERP latency increased with age in both sensory modalities. P3 latencies for active versus passive tasks were similar across age groups for visual ERPs, but in the olfactory modality, older adults demonstrated significantly longer latencies in the passive task compared to the active task. Future directions should include research on specific clinical populations utilizing active versus passive task conditions.
Making Students Partners in the Comprehension Process: Organizing the Reading “Posse”

This article reports on a comprehension procedure that makes visible to students their prior knowledge about a topic and the structures in expository text. The procedure used reciprocal-like teaching formats for the design of group interactions during instruction, as well as semantic mapping to make text structures apparent to students. Results suggested that strategy instruction using this procedure significantly affected recall of expository ideas and knowledge of comprehension strategies among students with learning disabilities. More importantly, it was the extent to which teachers were able to transfer control of reading strategies to students that appeared to affect students' developing strategy knowledge.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Lutein-binding Protein from the Midgut of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

A lutein-binding protein was purified from fifth instar larval midgut of Bombyx mori by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and three chromatographic procedures, gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and anion exchange chromatography. The protein has a pI of 5.4 and an apparent molecular mass of 35,000 Da, as determined by a linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lutein-protein complex is water-soluble and more stable than the carotenoid or protein alone. The carotenoid moiety was identified by thin layer chromatography, light absorption spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography as all-trans-lutein. Lutein is specifically and stoichiometrically bound to the protein, with a ratio of 3 mol of lutein per mol of protein. Binding of lutein (absorption maximum in hexane at 454 nm) to the apoprotein results in a marked red spectral shift of about 38 nm, giving rise to absorption maxima at 432, 462, and 492 nm in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0. The lutein-protein complex is characterized by fine spectral structure indicating that lutein is in a relatively rigid environment. This protein is distributed in equal amounts throughout the midgut and in all developmental stages of the larval B. mori.