cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An empirical modeling approach for the ignition delay of fuel blends based on the molar fractions of fuel components

An empirical ignition delay model has been developed for the fuel blends of isooctane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol based on their molar fractions in the stoichiometric condition. The model employs traditional Arrhenius type correlation and cool-flame temperature rise correlations to describe the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region for the fuel blends. The overall ignition delay of a fuel blend is correlated with individual ignition delay information based on the molar fraction of the fuel component in the mixture. The proposed model is successfully validated against the published experimental ignition delay data using various binary, ternary and quaternary fuel blends of isooctane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol.
A Debate over the Teaching of a Legacy Programming Language in an Information Technology (IT) Program

This paper presents a debate between two faculty members regarding the teaching of the legacy programming course (COBOL) in a Computer Science (CS) program. Among the two faculty members, one calls for the continuation of teaching this language and the other calls for replacing it with another modern language. Although CS programs are notorious for continuous updates (and hence debates over the updates) of their courses, but the teaching of COBOL programming language has sparked many debates that have been on-going for years. Each side of the debate provides evidences that support their position. This study, although, provides a debate over the same topic but it is different from ongoing debates because it balances the views expressed by both sides of the debates. This in turn shows the difficulty encountered by various departments when making a decision about COBOL. We are presenting in the paper a thorough literature review regarding both sides of views. We are also incorporating in this debate the lessons we learned from our long experience in this field. Thus, we will present our conclusion and recommendation in this paper based on the literature review and on our experience in this field. Our goal from writing this paper is two faceted: first, to present opinions about each side of the position regarding the teaching of COBOL, and, second, to reach a consensus regarding the continuation of teaching this programming language (or for this matter replacing it with another language).
Low Level Gamma-Ray Scintillation Spectrometry: Experimental Requirements and Biomedical Applications

Applications of gamma scintillation spectrometry in wholebody measurement of man for low-level natural radioactivity, contamination by fallout fission products in food and environment, and in medical tracer studies are discussed. Procedures and equipment are described. (143 references.) C.H.)
Combined multimodality (surgery, radiotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy) treatment of advanced carcinoma of paranasal sinuses.

Cancer of the paranasal sinuses has attracted the attention of head and neck surgeons, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, radiotherapists, oncologists, due to its considerable local malignancy and to the major disfiguration is causes. Advanced carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses represent a particularly challenging problem because of the high rate of therapeutic failures.
Production of renal disease in the white mouse with streptococcal infection.

SummaryDevelopment of albuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema was obseved 5-10 days after initiating streptococcal infection in the male Webster white mouse. Animals with this clinical picture had pale kidneys which showed tubular necrosis by light microscopy, and glomerular changes by electron microscopy. Animals surviving 4 to 6 weeks also showed glomerular changes by light microscopy. It is proposed that these observations may be interpreted as production of the nephrotic syndrome by streptococcal infection with a superimposed or concomitant tubular lesion.
S11.1 Problems encountered with reverse sequence syphilis screening

CDC has long recommended screening for syphilis with a non-treponemal test such as the RPR test and, if reactive, confirming with a treponemal test. Non-treponemal antibody levels rise during active infection and tend to decline after treatment, so non-treponemal screening identifies persons with active disease who are likely infectious and require clinical and public health interventions. Although treponemal antibodies rise slightly earlier than non-treponemal antibodies, they tend to remain elevated after treatment so their presence does not always indicate active infection. Thus, treponemal tests have not been recommended for initial screening. Also, older treponemal tests that utilise native treponemal antigens, such as the TP-PA and FTA-ABS tests, were thought to have a high false positive rate due to binding of cross-reacting serum antibodies. Newer treponemal tests, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIAs), utilise recombinant treponemal antigens which should result in tests with high sensitivity and specificity, capable of detecting small quantities of antibody without nonspecific binding of cross-reacting antibodies. Because EIA/CIA can be automated, U.S. laboratories have begun to screen for syphilis using a reverse sequence with EIA/CIA screening and confirmation of EIA+ sera with an RPR test to identify active infection. Using this reverse sequence for syphilis screening, discordant sera (EIA+/RPR−) would be expected in patients with previous infection or early primary infection. CDC studies have found that more than half of all EIA+ sera were discordant with EIA+/RPR− results. A recent CDC epidemiologic study found that 32% of discordant sera were due to false-positive EIA/CIAs (eg, EIA+/RPR−/TP-PA−), with rates that ranged from 12% in a high prevalence population to 60% in a low prevalence population. Discordant sera cause uncertainty about patient management, and the TP-PA test might be a useful confirmatory test with these sera. Recent studies suggest that the TP-PA test has equivalent sensitivity but higher specificity than EIA/CIAs, performance characteristics that are necessary for a confirmatory test. The FTA-ABS should not be used because it has low specificity, its interpretation is inherently subjective, and its performance requires trained personnel and a dedicated fluorescence microscope. Research is needed to better understand the variation in treponemal test performance.
Squamous carcinoma of the breast.

Twenty-four cases of carcinoma of the breast in which squamous differentiation was a prominent histologic feature are presented. The tumors were often relatively large and frequently formed large central cysts lined by squamous epithelium. Highly varied degrees of squamous differentiation were found in association with adenocarcinomas, anaplastic and medullary carcinomas, and one squamous carcinoma originating in a cystosarcoma phylloides. Two carcinomas were of an apparently pure squamous type. The five-year survival rate for 14 patients treated before 1965, 50%, is close to that achieved for all cases of carcinoma of the breast treated in the same period. It is concluded that although pure squamous carcinomas of the breast are rare, various degrees of squamous differentiation in association with other types of carcinoma of the breast are not infrequent, and that such differentiation has no apparent effect on clinical course or survival.
A threatening personification of freedom or: Sobukwe and repression

AbstractWhat is it that underlies the growing public interest in the figure of Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe? Sobukwe has been the subject of a form of historical amnesia – indeed, of a consensus of forgetting – in South Africa for at least the last 20 years. One way of appreciating both the force and importance of the retrieval of this historical legacy is by treating Sobukwe not merely as a biographical narrative or historical persona, but as a signifier. Sobukwe, I argue, functions precisely as a signifier for a cluster of ideas and aspirations routinely excluded – indeed, repressed – from the post-apartheid public sphere. I begin by exploring the various ways in which the signifier Sobukwe has been marginalized, disavowed, reduced (often to a crude form of anti-whiteism), and overwritten by rival political interests. Sobukwe, I suggest, haunts the post-apartheid historical situation; his memory is a reminder of those dimensions of political freedom that remain unattained.Ultimately, however, Sobukwe is not...
Comprehensive query and management system for checkout and demarcation record of watt-hour meter and transformer

Three-phase watt-hour meter management system is a computer management system based on data base,which considers completely openness,customization,extending,reliability and information convey.The system can implement data management of the platform equipped to check out and demarcate single-phase,multi-phase watt-hour meters and transformers,and make the report forms of checkout and demarcation of apparatus exact and in time and make the checkout and management automatization.
Impaired Host Resistance Against Local JMV Marek’s Disease Tumors after Thymectomy and After Bursectomy

It has been well established that the immune system of the chicken displays a dichotomy of responsiveness. Thymectomy in the newly-hatched period, combined with sublethal irradiation, has been demonstrated to significantly impair cell-mediated immunological functions (Cooper et al., 1966). Surgical bursectomy in the newly-hatched period impairs antibody-forming capacity (Glick et al., 1956). Treatment with high doses of cyclophosphamide during the first days of life results in a more profound, selective deficiency of the bursa-dependent, antibody-forming system in month-old or older animals (Lerman and Weidanz, 1970; Linna et al., 1972). The delineation of immunological responsiveness in the chicken can be used to study the influences of cell-mediated immunity, and of the antibody-forming system on tumor development.
The Un-Utopian Thomas More Family Portrait

[T]he lad, while mad , sought the stars, trusting in new arts, and strove to vanquish true birds in flight, demanding too much of his false wings …. Were it mine to fashion [ fingere ] fate at my will, I would trim my sails to gentle winds, lest my yards tremble, bent 'neath a heavy blast a gentle, moderate breeze that does not heel the side would guide my untroubled boat. Texts from Seneca that appear in the Thomas More family portrait The elegant dress of this wealthy family depicted in the portrait Sir Thomas More and His Family stands in sharp contrast to the simple unfinished clothes mandated in Utopia. Most striking are old Judge More's bright scarlet robes of office, which remind us that Utopia has no judiciary separate from its senate and princeps . Sir Thomas's gold chain and red-velvet sleeves put him in the company of those Anemolian ambassadors ridiculed by Utopian children, as would the gold jewelry and beautiful attire accented with gold brocade of More's wife and daughters. The humor represented by the family monkey and the professional “fool” in the painting have no parallels in humorless Utopia. More's secretary, John Harris, stands in the doorway with an official document in hand, reminding us that Utopia does not have the secretarial trade, but it does have slaves. The beautiful tapestry on the table and the rich gold and green draperies on the wall represent other trades excluded from Utopia, along with the craftsmen of the newfangled clock or the fine woodcarving seen in this portrait.
Aristotle, Boole, and Categories

We propose new axiomatizations of the 24 assertoric syllogisms of Aristotle’s syllogistic, and the \(2^{2^n}\) n-ary operations of Boole’s algebraic logic. The former organizes the syllogisms as a \(6\times 4\) table partitioned into four connected components according to which term if any must be inhabited. We give two natural-deduction style axiomatizations, one with four axioms and four rules, the second with one axiom and six rules. The table provides immediately visualizable proofs of soundness and completeness. We give an elementary category-theoretic semantics for the axioms along with criteria for determining the term if any required to be nonempty in each syllogism. We base the latter on Lawvere’s notion of an algebraic theory as a category with finite products having as models product-preserving set-valued functors. The benefit of this axiomatization is that it avoids the dilemma of whether a Boolean algebra is a numerical ring as envisaged by Boole, a logical lattice as envisaged by Peirce, Jevons, and Schroeder, an intuitionistic Heyting algebra on a middle-excluding diet as envisaged by Heyting, or any of several other candidates for the “true nature” of Boolean logic. Unlike general rings, Boolean rings have only finitely many n-ary operations, permitting a uniform locally finite axiomatization of their theory in terms of a certain associative multiplication of finite 0–1 matrices.
Small Bowel and Colonic Dysfunction After Surgery

Surgery of the small intestine and colon is commonly performed in children for a variety of indications ranging from congenital anatomic abnormalities to need for enteral feeding access to underlying motility disorders. Under most circumstances, nonemergent operations allow time for a multidisciplinary team approach between surgeons and gastroenterologists to devise a thorough preoperative diagnostic strategy. Unfortunately, abdominal catastrophes such as malrotation with volvulus often preclude the luxury of time before surgery necessitating a strong relationship between surgeon and gastroenterologist to address the potential consequences of such an event. Under both circumstances, the motility of the small bowel and colon remains a critical feature that often predicts the success of an operation and, most importantly, the prognosis of the patient. This chapter aims to address several of the more prevalent motility disorders observed in children after small bowel and colonic surgery.
da Vinci's Spirals.

> “Life is pretty simple: You do some stuff. Most fails. Some works. You do more of what works. If it works big, others quickly copy it. Then you do something else. The trick is the doing something else.” > > Leonardo da Vinci Leonard da Vinci (1452–1519) was a master at doing something else. When he wasn't being an anatomist, he was an architect, biologist, botanist, cartographer, chemist, engineer, mathematician, painter, or sculptor. The average person would be happy to be proficient or recognized in one of these areas. But Leonardo da Vinci excelled at all of these. He is credited with many ideas and inventions he originated while he lived in Italy, but few were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, existing now only as models or reproductions in museums. In contrast, in French chateaus there are beautiful spiral staircases that are viewed every day by tourists and are attributed to da Vinci. But what evidence exists that supports his being the architect of these structures, and were his spiral staircases modeled after seashells? It turns out that da Vinci spent his latter years in France. During the War of the League of Cambrai, the French king, Francis I, recaptured land previously lost in Italy, which included Milan. In a deal that may have included the Pope, in 1516 da Vinci ended up in the service of Francis I. Leonardo moved to France and was provided housing and necessary support at a small chateau close to the king's residence. Leonardo took two paintings to France, …
Breast cancer subtype distribution is different in normal weight, overweight, and obese women

Purpose Obesity is associated with tumor promoting pathways related to insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation which have been linked to various disease states, including cancer. Many studies have focused on the relationship between obesity and increased estrogen production, which contributes to the pathogenesis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. The link between obesity and other breast cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and Her2/neu+ (Her2+) breast cancer, is less clear. We hypothesize that obesity may be associated with the pathogenesis of specific breast cancer subtypes resulting in a different subtype distribution than normal weight women.
O3-02-05

transmitter systems and pathways involved in maintenance of the nervous system. In this context, we have recently found that A triggers a loss of Wnt signaling. The canonical Wnt signaling is essential for neuronal development and the maintenance of the developing nervous system. On the other hand the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) contribute significantly to hippocampal function and in AD, the expression of 7-nAChR is specifically affected. Objectives: To investigate whether the 7-nAChR is a Wnt target gene and to evaluate whether the 7-nAChR activation prevents A neurodegeneration through the Wnt pathway. Methods: We evaluated by in silico analysis the promoter regions of 7-nAChR genes in human, rat and mouse. The 7 nAChR levels were studied in hippocampal neurons culture exposed to Wnt-7a or control condition. mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the localization of 7-nAChR was evaluated by immunofluorescence. On the other hand, hippocampal neurons were exposed to A in the presence or absence of nicotine, a nAChR agonist plus or minus -Bungarotoxin, a nAChR antagonist and viability assays and neuronal morphology were evaluated. The effect of the 7-nAChR activation in the Wnt pathway was evaluated by Western blot of -catenin, the main effector of such pathway. Results: We report here that 7-nAChR is a Wnt target gene; results show the presence of Tcf/LEF binding sites. Moreover, the activation of the Wnt pathway on rat hippocampal neurons leads to increase in the expression of 7-nAChR with a concomitant protection from A neurotoxic effects. In addition, activation of 7 nAChR with nicotine provides protection against A through the Wnt pathway, since 7-nAChR activation prevents the -catenin degradation induced by A . Conclusions: We conclude that the modulation by Wnt signaling may be essential for 7-nAChR expression and that the cross-talk between the 7-nAChR and the Wnt components underlie the neuroprotection observed on hippocampal neurons exposed to A .
Giardiasis. Issues in diagnosis and management

Giardia lamblia is a frequent cause of diarrhea throughout the United States and the world. Advances in basic biology indicate that different strains of Giardia exist, that mammals can be infected with G. lamblia-type organisms, and that secretory IgA is important to host protection. Although water remains the most common mode of transmission of Giardia, there has been an increase in the number of person-to-person cases, especially related to children in day care, as well as an increase in food-borne cases. New antigen detection assays have improved the ability to diagnose Giardia in the stool and make it unlikely that duodenal sampling will be necessary. Metronidazole has become the drug of choice for most cases of giardiasis because of its efficacy, favorable tolerance, and availability. For pregnant women who require treatment, a non-absorbable aminoglycoside, paromomycin, may be tried first and metronidazole used if initial treatment fails.
Trace Element Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry

Transition metal ions play important structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles in all biological systems by serving as cofactors for proteins. Due to their relatively low levels in the cell compared to abundant metal ions such as potassium and magnesium, transition metals are often considered micronutrients and referred to as trace elements. Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are the most prevalent transition metals in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Here, we describe a method for the accurate measurement of these trace elements in B. burgdorferi utilizing inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS).
Explaining regional economic multipliers of tourism: does cross-regional heterogeneity exist?

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the determinants of tourism-related economic multipliers, which are calibrated from regional input–output tables of 30 Chinese provinces. Several latent class regression models are applied to capture cross-regional heterogeneity and investigate the determinants of output, income, and employment multipliers. Results indicate that the level of economic development is positively associated with output multiplier, and it is also positively associated with employment multiplier when the multiplier is large. Moreover, the size of tourism economy is negatively associated with employment multiplier when the multiplier is small. Some policy implications are presented based on empirical results.
Hydrologic exchange and chemical weathering in a proglacial watershed near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland

Abstract The exchange of proglacial river water with active layer pore water could alter water chemical compositions in glacial outwash plains and oceanic solute fluxes. To evaluate effects of this exchange, we sampled Watson River and adjacent pore water during the 2013 melt season at two sandurs in western Greenland; one in Sandflugtdalen and the other near the confluence with Sondre Stromfjord. We measured temperature, specific conductivity, and head gradients between the river and bank over a week-long period at Sandflugtdalen, as well as sediment hydraulic conductivity and chemical compositions of waters from both sites. Specific conductivity of pore water is four to ten times greater than river water as solutes are concentrated from weathering reactions, cryoconcentration, and evaporation. Pore water compositions are predominantly altered by carbonate dissolution and sulfide mineral oxidation. High concentrations of HCO3 and SO4 result from solute recycling and dissolution of secondary Ca-Mg carbonate/sulfate salts initially formed by near-surface evaporation in the summer and at depth by freeze-in of the active layer and cryoconcentration in the winter. High hydraulic conductivity (10−5 to 10−4 m/s) and diurnal fluctuations of river stage during our study caused exchange of river and pore water immediately adjacent to the river channel, with a net loss of river water to the bank. Pore water >6 m from the river continuously flowed away from the river. Approximately 1–8% of the river discharge through the Sandflugtdalen was lost to the river bank during our 6.75 day study based on calculations using Darcy’s Law. Although not sampled, some of this water should discharge to the river during low river stage early and late in the melt season. Elevated pore water solute concentrations in sandurs and water exchange at diurnal and seasonal frequency should impact fluxes of solutes to the ocean, although understanding the magnitude of this effect will require long-term evaluation throughout the melt season.
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Complex Communication Needs

This chapter provides readers with a brief overview of characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorders who have complex communication needs and might benefit from augmentative and alternative communication. In particular, moderate to severe deficits in social and communication skills will be outlined. Further, the connection between challenging behavior and deficits in communication skills will be discussed.
Efflux inhibition by IWR-1-endo confers sensitivity to doxorubicin effects in osteosarcoma cells.

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor that affects children and young adults. Despite advances in the use of combination chemotherapy regimens, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma remains a key determinant of patient outcome. Recently, highly potent small molecule inhibitors of canonical Wnt signaling through the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-family enzymes, tankyrases 1 & 2 (Tnks1/2), have been considered as possible chemotherapy sensitizing agents. The goal of this study was to determine the ability of the highly specific Tnks1/2 inhibitor IWR-1-endo to sensitize chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma to doxorubicin. We found that IWR-1-endo significantly inhibited cellular efflux, as measured by cellular retention of Calcein AM and doxorubicin. In a model of doxorubicin resistant osteosarcoma, pre-treatment with IWR-1-endo strongly sensitized to doxorubicin. This sensitization reduced the doxorubicin IC50 in doxorubicin-resistant cells, but not in chemotherapy naive cells and caused doxorubicin-treated cells to accumulate at the G2/M checkpoint. Further, we found that sensitization with IWR-1-endo produced increased γH2AX foci formation, indicating increased DNA damage by doxorubicin. Taken together, our findings show that IWR-1-endo increases cellular responses to doxorubicin, by blocking efflux transport in a drug-resistant model of osteosarcoma.
649 THE RELATIONSHIP OF ASCORBIC ACID (C) AND DEFEROXA-MINE (DF) TO EDTA-CHELATABLE IRON (“free Fe”) INTHALASSEMIA MAJOR (Thai)

Patients with Fe overload often demonstrate saturated Fe binding capacities and low white cell C levels when measured by standard techniques. It has been shown that serum Fe in excess of the Fe binding capacity (“free Fe”) can be measured in patients with Fe overload by EDTA binding and ultrafiltration. We found “free Fe” of 8.2±2.0 μg% in 15 previously unchelated patients with thal, compared to 0.1±0.1 μg% in normal controls. Since “free Fe” might be a particularly potent oxidant and therefore responsible for some of the pathology in thal, and since C is thought to increase the rate of transfer of Fe from one pool to another, we examined 5 of these patients to determine the effect of C and DF on “free Fe”. All 5 thals had low initial white cell C levels. Each received alternating 12-hour continuous I.V. regimens of C alone, saline, and C + DF with samples for “free Fe” drawn every 4 hours. Results showed that “free Fe” was 9.8±2.3 μg% during saline infusions and that the level was unchanged when C was added. When DF was present, “free Fe” was eliminated. These results show that thals with Fe overload have measurable amounts of “free Fe” which are not affected by C. Continuous chelation with DF is effective in eliminating this potentially toxic pool.
Wing—Beat Frequency Mutants and Courtship Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster males

Flightless mutations that affect wing-beat frequency (WBF) of Drosophila melanogaster were examined for their effect on male courtship. WBFs were measured using a fixed-wire tether that completely supports the fly in an attitude similar to hovering flight. The two spontaneous mutations, one of which reduces WBF to one-half normal and the other to zero, were placed on an isogenic background and were compared to an isogenic wildtype strain and to a genetically heterogeneous wildtype strain. Time to mating under noncompetitive conditions (single pair matings) was not significantly different among the four male types in one experiment. In a second experiment, although the time to mating varied significantly among the four male types, there was no association between the WBF that was characteristic of a male type and the length of time to mating. Time to mating was not significantly correlated with WBF, wing size, or body mass in either experiment. Genetically heterogeneous wild-type females were significantly more receptive (had shorter times to mating) than inbred wild-type females toward all four male types. During the time-to-mating tests, all four male types appeared to show typical courtship behaviors. Therefore, the male types were compared for possible differences in four components of the male courtship song: sine song frequency, interpulse interval, intrapulse frequency (=carrier frequency), and wing cycles per pulse. One or another of these components showed significant differences among the four male types (e.g., genetically heterogeneous, wild-type males showed a significantly higher sine song frequency and intrapulse frequency than males of the three isogenic types). However, the average values for all four male types were within reported wild-type ranges for each courtship song component. Although the two mutations drastically reduce WBF during tethered flight, they do not have any similar major effect on courtship. Apparently they affect muscles or neuronal control mechanisms that are not common elements shared by the wing movement of flight and male courtship song.
Programming In C and C

In this chapter, the software background needed for microcomputer interfacing is surveyed. The chapter introduces C followed by the description and handling of data structures. C constructs are introduced to make the implementation of storage structures concrete. Indexed and sequential structures are surveyed as well. The chapter also covers programming style, procedure calling and argument passing techniques. Data structure handling is briefly covered in the chapter. Programming styles; including the writing of structured, modular, and object-oriented programming; are introduced. Subroutines are further studied as an introduction to programming style. The use of classes in C + + is also introduced at the end of the chapter. In addition, the chapter covers structured and top-down, and bottom-up programming, and introduces object-oriented C. It shows some techniques that are used to improve C procedures or insert necessary corrections to the code produced by the compiler.
Mental health counselling in the Black American Church: reflections and recommendations from counsellors serving in a counselling ministry

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between “The Black Church”, the mental health needs of its members, and addressing those needs from the perspective of counsellors within the ...
Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score outcomes after septorhinoplasty

Objectives/hypothesis The time interval at which Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores stabilize after functional septorhinoplasty has not been determined. Our goal was to characterize longitudinal trends of patient-reported outcomes of nasal obstruction using the NOSE survey instrument following functional septorhinoplasty. Study design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Methods Adult patients (≥18 years) with nasal obstruction who underwent functional septorhinoplasty by three different surgeons at a single academic, tertiary referral center were identified. NOSE scores were obtained preoperatively and prospectively during three postoperative intervals defined as early (1-3 months), middle (4-6 months), and late (≥10 months.) Longitudinal analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance and adjustments for multiple comparisons. Results A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. For the total cohort, mean NOSE scores significantly improved between preoperative and early postoperative evaluations (71.4, standard deviation [SD] ± 17.0 vs. 24.2, SD ± 19.5; P .999) time intervals. Conclusions Patients with nasal obstruction who undergo functional septorhinoplasty can be expected to have significant improvement in self -reported nasal obstruction as early as 1 to 3 months postoperatively with a continued, durable, long-standing benefit lasting at least 10 months after surgery. Future studies can consider the 3-month time frame as a proxy for 1 year outcomes to help reduce survey burden. Level of evidence 2c Laryngoscope, 129:841-846, 2019.
The Future of Foods

Finally, a vision for the future of food production is given. The critical role of advanced sensor technologies to monitor crops, foods, and people throughout the food chain is highlighted. The use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robots to use the data collected by these sensors so as to optimize the production, storage, transport, and marketing of our foods is highlighted. These powerful methods may lead to a much more detailed understanding of the complex relationship between what we produce, what we eat, and our health status. Like the other advanced technologies covered in the book, these modern developments also have considerable risks, such as an unprecedented monitoring and control over our lives.
Dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging

Cardiac CT offers several approaches to establish the hemodynamic severity of coronary artery obstructions. Dynamic myocardial perfusion CT (MPICT) is based on serial CT imaging to measure the inflow of contrast medium into the myocardium and calculate absolute measures of myocardial perfusion. This review describes the MPICT acquisition protocol, post-image acquisition processing and calculation of quantitative parameters, the diagnostic performance of MPICT and the potential incremental value of this technique in comparison to alternative approaches. Further technical innovation using different scanner platforms and establishment of reproducible diagnostic thresholds to differentiate significant coronary artery disease will be crucial in the path to broader clinical implementation.
Supposons que la discipline et la sécurité n'existent pas - Rereading Foucault's Collége de France Lectures (with Paul Veyne)

We have come to know well and deploy easily the Foucauldian terms discipline and securite (what we now call governmentality), especially as a result of Michel Foucault's 1978 and 1979 lectures at the College de France. What we know less well, I contend, is how to critique them - discipline and securite, that is - the way that Foucault critiqued the terms folie, delinquance, or sexualite. In this essay, I push further my meditations on punishment and subject discipline and securite to the same brutal method that Foucault used in his writings on folie, delinquance, and sexualite. I begin by supposing that they do not exist and, in this way, I critically reexamine some of my own preferred analytic constructs. The endeavor, I find, is dizzying. But the failure to subject these terms to critique comes at a deep cost to our own projects - intellectual and political. In this essay, I suggest that we may have been hiding behind these sophisticated analytic constructs to protect ourselves from asking - and having to answer in what can only be a vulgar or naive way - whether we are opposed to punishment. The question, then, is whether we avoid asking larger questions of punishment because we can argue, instead, against disciplinary practices or against governing through crime? Is that the price we pay, I ask, for believing in discipline and securite.
Pressure in rigid body molecular dynamics

Abstract We present a detailed derivation of the expression for the pressure in MD simulations that contain rigid bodies, where two equivalent formulations have been developed. One of these formulations was used in HOOMD-blue v1.x, but implemented incorrectly. We point out the precise reason for this implementation issue, the difference with the current and correct implementation in HOOMD-blue v2.x, and lessons learned. We perform numerical validation tests using dumbbell models, a mixture of cubic and spherical particles, and the SPC/E water model.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Trigeminal Pain: Recent Single-Institution Case Series With Long-Term Follow-Up and Review of the Literature.

Background Peripheral neurostimulation (PNS) for medically refractory trigeminal pain is an emerging alternative to traditional surgical approaches, with safety and efficacy demonstrated in several retrospective series and a prospective trial currently in progress. Many existing studies suffer from relatively small numbers and short or inconsistent follow-up, making balanced treatment assessment difficult. Materials and methods Consecutive cases of trial and permanent placement of trigeminal branch stimulation electrodes by a single surgeon from May 2014 through January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively collected database, following the PROCESS guidelines for surgical case series. Outcomes were assessed at six months and at last follow-up. Results Ninteen patients underwent trial electrode placement, with 15 patients undergoing permanent system placement. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia Type 2 (N = 8) and trigeminal neuropathic pain (N = 7). Median follow-up was 14 months (range 6-58 months). At last follow-up, 12 of 15 implanted patients (80%) were still receiving stimulation, with mean (median) pain reduction of 52.3% (47.5%). Infection and revision rates were high, although erosion and migration, which have typically plagued trigeminal PNS surgery, did not occur. Implanted systems were well-tolerated, with excellent cosmetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction that proved durable over long follow-up. Conclusions We present a single-institution series of PNS for complex craniofacial pain involving the trigeminal nerve. The procedure is safe, effective and durable over at least one year in the large majority of a well-selected patient population.
Minor vs. major leg amputation in adults with diabetes: Six-month readmissions, reamputations, and complications.

Abstract Aims The objective of this study was comparing medium-term outcomes between comparable minor and major amputations in adults with diabetes. Methods We used data from the 2016–2017 National Readmissions Database to construct a representative cohort of 15,581 adults with diabetes with lower extremity amputations. Patients were categorized by level of index amputation (major/minor), and propensity score matched to compare outcomes in candidates for either level of amputation. Readmission and reamputations were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months following index amputation. Results In the 6 months following index amputation, large proportions of patients were readmitted (n = 7597, 48.8%) or had reamputations (n = 1990, 12.8%). Patients with minor amputations had greater odds of readmission (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.18–1.31), reamputation (OR = 3.71; 95% CI 3.34–4.12), and more proximal reamputation (OR = 2.61; 95% 2.33–2.93) (all P Conclusion Patients desire to save as much limb as possible and should be counseled on higher risk for reamputation, readmission, and infection with minor amputations.
Management Trends in Pediatric Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize post-orchiectomy treatment trends in prepubescent and adolescent patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) and identify patient and hospital factors associated with receiving surveillance or treatment (chemotherapy or RPLND) after orchiectomy. Methods Patients Results Documentation of use of post-orchiectomy treatment or surveillance was available for 1006 patients. This population was divided into a prepubescent cohort (≤12 years of age, n = 153) and an adolescent cohort (13-17 years of age, n = 853). 545 (54.4%) patients proceeded with treatment. The proportion of patients undergoing treatment in each cohort remained similar over time, but there was a shift in the adolescent cohort away from RPLND towards chemotherapy. In the prepubescent cohort, pathologic stage group III was associated with undergoing treatment. Older age, >50 miles travel to treatment facility, and higher pathologic stage group were associated with treatment in the adolescent cohort. Black race was associated with decreased odds of undergoing treatment among adolescents. Conclusion National treatment trends regarding NSGCT remained similar over a decade. Higher disease stage in prepubescent patients lead to additional post-orchiectomy treatment. Adolescents with NSGCT were more likely to undergo post-orchiectomy treatment if they were older, traveled farther to a treatment center, and had a higher disease stage.
A New Facial Authentication Pitfall and Remedy in Web Services

Facial authentication has become more and more popular on personal devices. Due to the ease of use, it has great potential to be widely deployed for web-service authentication in the near future whereby people can easily log on to online accounts from different devices without memorizing lengthy passwords. However, the growing number of attacks on machine learning especially the Deep Neural Networks (DNN) which is commonly used for facial recognition, imposes big challenges on the successful roll-out of such web-service face authentication. Although there have been studies on defending some machine learning attacks, we are not aware of any specific effort devoted to the web-service facial authentication setting. In this paper, we first demonstrate a new data poisoning attack which does not require to have any knowledge of the server-side and just needs a handful of malicious photo injections to enable an attacker to easily impersonate the victim in the existing facial authentication systems. We then propose a novel defensive approach called DEFEAT that leverages deep learning techniques to automatically detect such attacks. We have conducted extensive experiments on real datasets and our experimental results show that our defensive approach achieves more than 90% detection accuracy.
β -Technetium: An allotrope with a nonstandard volume-pressure relationship

We report the synthesis and structure of the second allotrope of technetium, $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Tc}$. Transformative pathways are accessed at extreme conditions using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell and confirmed with in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Tc}$ is fully recoverable to ambient conditions, although counter to our DFT calculations predicting a face-centered-cubic lattice, we observe a tetragonal structure $(I4/mmm)$ that exhibits further tetragonal distortion with pressure. $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Tc}$ has an expanded volume relative to the hcp ground state phase, that when doped with nitrogen has an unexpected volume lowering. Such anomalous behavior is possibly indicative of a rare electronic phase transition in a $4d$ element.
Surface Receptor Mediated Activation and Adaptation of Adenylate Cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum offers an attractive model system for studying a variety of physiological processes such as Chemotaxis, inter- and intra-cellular communication, gene expression, pattern formation and morphogenesis. Early in the developmental phase of the organisms’ life cycle up to 106 identical unicellular amoebae are induced to migrate chemotactically towards a central region. This aggregation process occurs in response to cyclic AMP secreted by one or more centrally situated cells. Cyclic AMP acts not only as a chemotactic signal but also induces the synthesis and secretion of cAMP from the responding cells. The net result is a concomitant inward migration of cells and outward propagation of cAMP waves throughout the population. The rate of cAMP-induced cAMP synthesis is not constant but oscillates with a frequency of 5–10 minutes. This occurs because cAMP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity adapts or becomes desensitized in the presence of cAMP.
State Estimation in Quantized Data Systems

The paper addresses state estimation in a dynamic system with quantized data. It is assumed that all quantized states are accessible. The formulation of the state estimation problem is based on a geometric interpretation of the mapping of the quantized state. Two important theorems regarding estimation and prediction are presented.
Therapies directed against the Rev axis of HIV autoregulation.

Publisher Summary The Rev axis contains two positively acting elements, the Rev protein and its RNA target sequence, the Rev response element (RRE). Scattered throughout the HIV genome in the genes coding for virion structural proteins are CRSs (constitutive repressor sequences) that act in cis to constitutively downregulate the expression of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain them. Rev binds to the RRE as a multimer. Evidence indicates that the Rev protein, through its nuclear export signal (NES), binds exportin/CRM1 and Ran guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cooperatively when it is bound to the RRE-containing RNA. Numerous steps in the Rev pathway are appropriate targets for gene therapy. Most efforts have focused on blocking the Rev access to the RRE by transdominant Rev inhibitors that bind to the RRE without promoting expression. Major efforts have also focused on sequestering Rev protein with various RRE decoys. Although the role of eIF-5A in the Rev axis is not as well established as that of CRM-1, it is of interest that there is a reported inhibition of HIV-1 replication in lymphocytes by mutants of eIF-5A. Despite the promise afforded antiRev-directed therapies by encouraging in vitro results, considerable hurdles remain before the attainment of effective in vivo therapies is likely to be obtained. Even the elegant clinical studies, establishing that RevTDs introduced by gene therapy can have a protective effect, are far from demonstrating any clinical benefit.
Structure of carbohydrate of hemoglobin AIc

Hemoglobin AIc is a minor component of normal adult erythrocytes whose concentration is elevated approximately 2-fold in patients with diabetes mellitus. Previous work suggested that the unique structural feature of hemoglobin AIc is the presence of a low molecular weight sugar moiety at the NH2-terminal valine of the beta chain. In this study the structure of the carbohydrate moiety and the nature of its linkage of the beta chain were investigated. Enzymatic digestion of borohydride-reduced betaAIc chains followed by ion exchange chromatography led to the isolation of two distinct NH2-terminal glycovalylhistidines. Comparison of these glycodipeptides with synthetic glycovalylhistidines by thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy gave direct evidence that the naturally derived materials correspond to glucitol and mannitol valylhistidines. Model reactions showed that glucose and mannose react with valine under mild conditions to form an adduct which upon sodium borohydride reduction yields in both cases glucitol and mannitol valines. This suggests a common intermediate, 1-deoxy-1-(N-valyl)fructose, for both reactions. From these studies we conclude that hemoglobin AIc has, as the NH2 terminus of the beta chain, 1-deoxy-1-(N-valyl)fructose. The possible biosynthetic pathways of hemoglobin AIc are discussed.
Jane Austen and the Arts: Elegance, Propriety, and Harmony by Natasha Duquette and Elisabeth Lenckos, eds: Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh UP. 2014

Jane Austen is an author whose work has been viewed within a wide array of interpretive frames. More than fifty books bear the title, “Jane Austen and [fill in the blank],” associating her novels a...