cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue Phylloquinone and Menaquinones in Rats Are Affected by Age and Gender

Phylloquinone and ten menaquinones (MK-1-MK-10) were measured in liver and eight extrahepatic tissues from male and female rats at 3, 12 and 24 mo of age. Phylloquinone and menaquinones showed characteristic tissue distribution. In liver, all 11 vitamers of vitamin K assayed were present in varying concentrations with phylloquinone and MK-6 the major forms. The only forms of vitamin K found in extrahepatic tissues were phylloquinone, MK-4 and MK-6. Brain contained only MK-4 and traces of phylloquinone. No significant gender difference was observed for phylloquinone except in heart at 3 mo of age (P </= 0.05). In heart, kidney and brain, MK-4 was significantly higher in females than in males (P </= 0.05). A similar gender effect was seen in kidney and lung for MK-6 (P </= 0.05). With age, hepatic phylloquinone and MK-6 significantly increased (P </= 0.05), whereas MK-4 was unchanged. In extrahepatic tissues, MK-4 decreased with age in heart and kidney of males and females, and in lung and cerebellum of males (P </= 0.05). MK-6 decreased with age in all extrahepatic tissued tested (P </= 0.05). The results suggest that in extrahepatic tissues, certain menaquinones may be the predominant form of vitamin K. The specific tissue distribution and the general decline of MK-4 and MK-6 in extrahepatic tissues during aging suggest a vitamin K tissue dynamic that is affected not only by diet, but also by gender, age and the specific roles of phylloquinone, MK-4 and MK-6 in metabolism. All of these factors must be taken into account in establishing the nutrient requirement for vitamin K.
Models of mechanisms for the vapor phase emission of hazardous chemicals from landfills

Abstract Quantities of hazardous chemicals have been placed in sanitary landfills in conjunction with solid waste. This paper presents three vapor phase transport mechanisms: molecular diffusion, bio-gas convection, and barometric pressure pumping. These mechanisms are incorporated into a dynamic model that simulates the emission flux rate of chemicals, as a function of landfill and environmental variables. The simulation model is driven by time-varying atmospheric pressure fluctuations. Darcy's law is used to simulate gas movement through the landfill cap material to and from the landfill cells. With all mechanisms operative, a rate of 290 g benzene/m 2 d was obtained from the model using benzene as a test chemical. Atmospheric pressure fluctuations pump toxic vapors and gases from the storage cells of hazardous waste landfills to the air above. This pumping enhances the vapor phase molecular diffusion process. The calculated benzene flux rate with diffusion and atmosphere pumping was 13 g/m 2 d. Uncertainties and limitations of the model are considered which include: vapor and gas circulation in and between cells, adsorption onto solids and multi-cell landfills. The model presented is a practical tool for initial evaluation studies of volatile chemical emissions from landfills and provides a basis upon which to construct more realistic simulation models.
Effects of sound on the marine environment (ESME): an underwater noise risk model

Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME) is a computer model of the effects of underwater sound on marine life. The modular design behind the ESME model is motivated by the sonar equation, with subcomponent models for characterization of the source, for modeling of sound transmission through a medium, and for receiver properties (e.g., hearing abilities, behavioral responses to sound, and receiver distribution and abundance). Each subcomponent of ESME is intended to capture the current state of understanding in the relevant scientific field and to be capable of being updated as the understanding in the field advances. ESME is envisioned to have three primary applications: 1) retrospective studies of historical data, 2) predictive modeling of anticipated outcomes from a given scenario of sound in a marine environment, and 3) prescriptive guidance for research investments and efforts that will likely have the greatest effect on increasing confidence in decisions about underwater sound use and its effects
Sexual Competition Among Male Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus

Experiments and field data on blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, from mid-Chesapeake Bay between 1991 and 1994 were used to test whether large males have advantages over small males in accessing females and in sperm competition. In the field, large males were paired more often, especially with large, more fecund females. However, the variance in the relationship between male and female size in mating pairs was high, suggesting that mating with large females may not be the primary determinant of male reproductive success. Large males had proportionately longer chelipeds, which may provide an advantage in aggressive interactions for females or in struggles to control females. Previous work indicates that sperm competition may occur in blue crabs and that ejaculate size may influence a male’s ability to compete during sperm competition. Large males stored more seminal fluid and spermatophores and passed a larger volume of ejaculate to each mate than did small males. Ejaculate volume averaged 47% of a male’s stored supply. However, ejaculate volume increased with the duration of copulation but decreased with successive matings, such that males needed about 15 days between matings to pass similar-sized ejaculates to successive mates. Pre-copulatory mate guarding may serve as a time to replenish ejaculate contents, and thus its duration also influences a male’s performance in sperm competition.
Communications technology: 25 years in retrospect

Reports on the technologies, applications, systems, and communications facilities that have been developed over the past 25 years.
Isometries of ergodic Hardy spaces

The isometries between ergodic Hardy spaces are identified. As a consequence it is shown that the isometry class of an ergodic Hardy space associated with an ergodic, measure preserving flow constitutes an essentially complete set of conjugacy invariants for the flow.
Cancer survival in high-income and low-income countries: role of dose calculation of chemotherapy

I read with interest the work by Dr Redaniel et al .1 on ‘Cancer survival differences between European countries and an urban population from the Philippines.’ GLOBOCAN 2002 (database of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide of IARC) of WHO (http://www-dep.iarc.fr/), which I have cited and found excellent in my epidemiological observation earlier2 fails to provide any clue to the differences of survival in cancer in developed and developing world. It contains mortality rate, which is based on population. Mortality rate, astonishingly, is …
Comparison of the Cosmed K4b2 Portable Metabolic System in Measuring Steady-State Walking Energy Expenditure

Background and Aims Recent introduction of the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer allows measurement of oxygen consumption outside of a laboratory setting in more typical clinical or household environments and thus may be used to obtain information on the metabolic costs of specific daily life activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer against a traditional, stationary gas exchange system (the Medgraphics D-Series) during steady-state, submaximal walking exercise. Methods Nineteen men and women (9 women, 10 men) with an average age of 39.8 years (±13.8) completed two 400 meter walk tests using the two systems at a constant, self-selected pace on a treadmill. Average oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) from each walk were compared. Results Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficients between the two systems for weight indexed VO2 (ml/kg/min), total VO2 (ml/min), and VCO2 (ml/min) ranged from 0.93 to 0.97. Comparison of the average values obtained using the Cosmed K4b2 and Medgraphics systems using paired t-tests indicate no significant difference for VO2 (ml/kg/min) overall (p = 0.25), or when stratified by sex (p = 0.21 women, p = 0.69 men). The mean difference between analyzers was – 0.296 ml/kg/min (±0.26). Results were not significantly different for VO2 (ml/min) or VCO2 (ml/min) within the study population (p = 0.16 and p = 0.08, respectively), or when stratified by sex (VO2: p = 0.51 women, p = 0.16 men; VCO2: p = .11 women, p = 0.53 men). Conclusion The Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer provides measures of VO2 and VCO2 during steady-state, submaximal exercise similar to a traditional, stationary gas exchange system.
The Tiniest Tiny Genomes

Starting in 2006, surprisingly tiny genomes have been discovered from numerous bacterial symbionts of insect hosts. Despite their size, each retains some genes that enable provisioning of limiting nutrients or other capabilities required by hosts. Genome sequence analyses show that genome reduction is an ongoing process, resulting in a continuum of sizes, with the smallest genome currently known at 112 kilobases. Genome reduction is typical in host-restricted symbionts and pathogens, but the tiniest genomes are restricted to symbionts required by hosts and restricted to specialized host cells, resulting from long coevolution with hosts. Genes are lost in all functional categories, but core genes for central informational processes, including genes encoding ribosomal proteins, are mostly retained, whereas genes underlying production of cell envelope components are especially depleted. Thus, these entities retain cell-like properties but are heavily dependent on coadaptation of hosts, which continuously evolve to support the symbionts upon which they depend.
Top Management Teams, Global Strategic Posture, and the Moderating Role of Uncertainty

The complexity surrounding globalization offers a unique context in which to study the moderating role of uncertainty on top management team (TMT) demographic effects. In a sample of United States-based industrial firms, TMT international experience, educational heterogeneity, and tenure heterogeneity were positively related to firms' global strategic postures, and functional heterogeneity exhibited a negative association. However, when the level of uncertainty facing TMTs was accounted for, these associations were found to be nonlinear.
How well will you FIT? Use of a modified MMI to assess applicants' compatibility with an emergency medicine residency program.

Purpose : Emergency medicine residency programs have evaluated the use of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) for applicants. The authors developed an MMI-style method called the Fast Interview Track (FIT) to predict an applicant’s ‘fit’ within an individual residency program. Methods : Applicants meet with up to five residents and are asked one question by each. Residents score the applicant using a Likert scale from 1 to 5 on two questions: ‘How well does the applicant think on his/her feet?’ and ‘How well do you think the applicant will fit in here?’. To assess how well these questions predicted a resident’s ‘fit’, current residents scored fellow residents on these same questions. These scores were compared with the residents’ interview FIT scores. A postmatch survey of applicants who did not match at this program solicited applicants’ attitudes toward the FIT sessions. Results : Among the junior class, the correlation between interview and current scores was significant for question 1 (rho=0.5192 [ p= 0.03]) and question 2 (rho=0.5753 [ p= 0.01]). Among seniors, Spearman’s rho was statistically significant for question 2, though not statistically significant for question 1. The chi-square measure of high scores (4–5) versus low scores (1–3) found a statistically significant association between interview and current scores for interns and juniors. Of the 29 responses to the postmatch survey, 16 (55%) felt FIT sessions provided a good sense of the program’s personality and only 6 (21%) disagreed. Nine (31%) felt FIT sessions positively impacted our program’s ranking and 11 (38%) were ‘Neutral’. Only two (7%) reported that FIT sessions negatively impacted their ranking of our program. Conclusions : FIT provided program leadership with a sense of an applicant’s ‘fit’ within this program. Interview day scores correlated with scores received during residency. Most applicants report a positive experience with FIT sessions. FIT provides a useful tool to recruit applicants who fit with the residency program. Keywords: MMI; emergency medicine; residency interview (Published: 2 February 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21: 29587 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.29587
Delivering Patient-Centered Cancer Screening Easier Said Than Done

Integrating Patient-Centeredness With Prevention Despite a consensus around the importance of both prevention and patient-centeredness, integrating these two concepts into “patient-centered prevention” will not be easy. There are times when decision making about preventive care simply cannot be patient-centered. For instance, policy decisions about whether to reduce the salt content of food products cannot be patient-centered in the way that individual decisions about screening tests can be patient-centered. There are also times when prevention should not be fully patient-centered—as when individual decisions can directly affect other people’s health (e.g., childhood immunizations). However, there are many contexts where moving toward the delivery of more patient-centered prevention is not only possible but highly desirable. One such context is cancer screening. Yet, implementing population-based cancer screening programs that are also patient-centered will require that the healthcare, public health, and policy communities overcome two key challenges.
The specification of heart mesoderm occurs during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis

The establishment of heart mesoderm during Xenopus development has been examined using an assay for heart differentiation in explants and explant combinations in culture. Previous studies using urodele embryos have shown that the heart mesoderm is induced by the prospective pharyngeal endoderm during neurula and postneurula stages. In this study, we find that the specification of heart mesoderm must begin well before the end of gastrulation in Xenopus embryos. Explants of prospective heart mesoderm isolated from mid- or late neurula stages were capable of heart formation in nearly 100% of cases, indicating that the specification of heart mesoderm is complete by midneurula stages. Moreover, inclusion of pharyngeal endoderm had no statistically significant effect upon either the frequency of heart formation or the timing of the initiation of heartbeat in explants of prospective heart mesoderm isolated after the end of gastrulation. When the superficial pharyngeal endoderm was removed at the beginning of gastrulation, experimental embryos formed hearts, as did explants of prospective heart mesoderm from such embryos. These results indicate that the inductive interactions responsible for the establishment of heart mesoderm occur prior to the end of gastrulation and do not require the participation of the superficial pharyngeal endoderm.
High density ratio lattice Boltzmann method simulations of multicomponent multiphase transport of H2O in air

Abstract In this paper we investigate the ability of the internode interaction force based multiphase lattice Boltzmann method to realistically model the coexistence of the gas and liquid phases of H 2 O at low temperatures. Additionally this method is expanded to include a gas mixture of O 2 and N 2 into the multiphase H 2 O systems. We begin with examining the phase transition region described by the current implementation of the multiphase internode interaction force lattice Boltzmann model. Next, we thoroughly investigated a modified form of the pressure term with the use of a scalar multiplier κ for the Peng–Robinson equation of state. This method proves to be very effective at enabling numerically stable simulations at low temperatures with large density ratios. We find that for decreasing values of κ , this model leads to an increase in multiphase interface thickness and a reduction in maximum spurious velocities. We show that although low temperatures and large density ratios are attainable using these modifications, the lowest temperature results should be discarded due to the non-physical density variations along the phase interface. Building on this insight we are able to simulate a liquid droplet of H 2 O at 73°C surrounded by humidified air (a mixture of H 2 O, O 2 , and N 2 ) with realistic density ratios.
Type II pneumocyte hypertrophy without activation of surfactant biosynthesis after partial pneumonectomy

Hypertrophic and normotrophic type II pneumocytes were isolated from pneumonectomized adult rats by unit gravity (1 g) sedimentation or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In vivo or in ...
Proposed Longitudinal Flying Qualities Criterion for Unpiloted Autonomous Aircraft, Starting the Conversation

A methodology is presented to construct a longitudinal ying qualities criterion for UAVs. Two candidate criteria are proposed in conjunction with a mission task element (MTE) approach to dene performance boundaries. Simulation results are given to aid in the criteria development. The criteria proposed treat the UAV and its sensor payload as critical to accomplishing mission objectives. Their integrated performance is used to dene the system performance for ying qualities evaluation. This work is intended to provide a starting point where future UAV ying qualities criteria can be debated and considered for future use.
Because We Can Doesn’t Mean We Should and if We Do Urban Communities, Social and Economic Justice, and Local Economic-Development-Driven Eminent Domain Practices

One powerful expression of the neoliberal orthodoxy within economic development practice in the United States has been local governments’ use of economic-development-driven eminent domain. However,...
Moral Ambivalence: Modeling and Measuring Bivariate Evaluative Processes in Moral Judgment:

Moral judgments often appear to arise from quick affectively toned intuitions rather than from conscious application of moral principles. Sometimes people feel that an action they observe or contem...
Rule B attachment goes back to tradition:EFTs is not attachable property——comments on the landmark the "Jaldhi" case made by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

As a traditional maritime attachment,Rule B was extended to attach EFTs passing through at intermediary bank in the"Winter Storm" in 2002.Seven years later,the landmark "Jaldhi"case,overruled the decision in the"Winter Storm"case,putting an end to the practice of Rule B attachment proceedings against EFTs.This article firstly analyzed the background and the jurisdiction quasi in rem of Rule B attachment,and then discussed the error of the"Winter Storm"case relying on a precedent case which resulted in the deviation on the applicable law and the ownership of EFTs.
Sampling Data Processing Methods of Digital Protection

Communication delay, mass data processing and sampling data lost or error caused by electromagnetic disturbance during transmission are the problems which must be faced in digital protection. Two data processing scheduling schemes: sampling data driving method and timing scheduling with preset data buffer, are analyzed. Data processing methods separately based on equal interval sampling and fixed point sampling per cycle are designed. The action strategies of digital protection in case of invalid sampling data are proposed. The proposed schemes have been applied to a digital protection device,which has passed the test of real time digital simulator (RTDS) and dynamic analog experiment of electric power systems.
Discovering deformable motifs in continuous time series data

Continuous time series data often comprise or contain repeated motifs -- patterns that have similar shape, and yet exhibit nontrivial variability. Identifying these motifs, even in the presence of variation, is an important subtask in both unsupervised knowledge discovery and constructing useful features for discriminative tasks. This paper addresses this task using a probabilistic framework that models generation of data as switching between a random walk state and states that generate motifs. A motif is generated from a continuous shape template that can undergo non-linear transformations such as temporal warping and additive noise. We propose an unsupervised algorithm that simultaneously discovers both the set of canonical shape templates and a template-specific model of variability manifested in the data. Experimental results on three real-world data sets demonstrate that our model is able to recover templates in data where repeated instances show large variability. The recovered templates provide higher classification accuracy and coverage when compared to those from alternatives such as random projection based methods and simpler generative models that do not model variability. Moreover, in analyzing physiological signals from infants in the ICU, we discover both known signatures as well as novel physiomarkers.
Annotation: Sedation and monitoring in paediatric endoscopy

(1996). Annotation: Sedation and monitoring in paediatric endoscopy. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 345-346.
Sensory-motor interactions and error augmentation

Brain injury often results a partial loss of the neural resources communicating to the periphery that controls movements. Consequently the signals that were employed prior to injury may no longer be appropriate for controlling the muscles for the intended movement. Hence, a new pattern of signals may need to be learned that appropriately uses the residual resources. The learning required in these circumstances might in fact share features with sports, music performance, surgery, teleoperation, piloting, and child development. Our lab has leveraged key findings in neural adaptation as well as established principles in engineering control theory to develop and test new interactive environments that enhance learning (or relearning). Successful application comes from the use of robotics and video feedback technology to augment error signals. These applications test standing hypotheses about error-mediated neuroplasticity and illustrate an exciting prospect for rehabilitation environments of tomorrow. This chapter highlights our works, identifies our acquired knowledge, and outlines some of the successful pathways for restoring function to brain-injured individuals.
Intron sequences that stimulate gene expression in Arabidopsis

Related motifs strongly increase gene expression when added to an intron located in coding sequences. Many introns greatly increase gene expression through a mechanism that remains elusive. An obstacle to understanding intron-mediated enhancement (IME) has been the difficulty of locating the specific intron sequences responsible for boosting expression because they are redundant, dispersed, and degenerate. Previously we used the IMEter algorithm in two independent ways to identify two motifs (CGATT and TTNGATYTG) that are candidates for involvement in IME in Arabidopsis. Here we show that both motifs are sufficient to increase expression. An intron that has little influence on expression was converted into one that increased mRNA accumulation 24-fold and reporter enzyme activity 40-fold relative to the intronless control by introducing 11 copies of the more active TTNGATYTG motif. This degree of stimulation is twice as large as that of the strongest of 15 natural introns previously tested in the same reporter gene. Even though the CGATT and TTNGATYTG motifs each increased expression, and CGATT matches the NGATY core of the longer motif, combining the motifs to make TTCGATTTG reduced the stimulating ability of the TTNGATYTG motif. Additional substitutions were used to test the contribution to IME of other residues in the TTNGATYTG motif. The verification that these motifs are active in IME will improve our ability to predict the stimulating ability of introns, to engineer any intron to increase expression to a desired level, and to explore the mechanism of IME by seeking factors that might interact with these sequences.
Real-Time Mapping of Natural Speech in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Epilepsy surgery is a recognized treatment option in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The pre-surgical evaluation in DRE involves determination of anatomical and functional relationships between the seizure-onset zone and cortical areas sub-serving essential sensorimotor and language functions. Language mapping in clinical practice at present, involves electrical stimulation of pairs of implanted subdural electrodes using increasing current strengths, as the patient repetitively performs a task related to language production and/or reception. However, this procedure of electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) is fraught with multiple safety issues and concerns about ecological validity of the chosen tasks. In view of the challenges associated with ECS, alternative methods of language mapping have been explored including measurement of stimulus-locked decrease in power in α band of EEG (event-related desynchronization) and more importantly, event-related synchronization in the high-γ (≥70 Hz) frequency band. Early studies using stimulus-locked high-gamma synchronization have used conventional language tasks like picture naming. Subsequent studies have described the topography of power changes related to natural conversation between patient and family/staff. These studies documented the topography of such power changes to correspond with activation observed with formal language tasks and also with conventional anatomy of language network. However, these studies used offline analysis of recorded signals after the data collection. In this manuscript, we describe real-time visualization of activation associated with natural speech. We expect this technology to allow real-time dynamic mapping of human language networks, which can potentially improve the safety and access of epilepsy surgery, as well as enhance the knowledge about developmental organization of language networks in human brain.
Observations of Sea-Surface Waves During the 2013 Target and Reverberation Experiment (TREX13) and Relation to Midfrequency Sonar

As part of the 2013 Target and REverberation eXperiment (TREX13), which took place off the coast of Panama City, FL, USA, directional wave measurements were made using two directional wave buoys separated in range by 5 km. The purpose of these measurements was to provide environmental support for the interpretation of reverberation and other active sonar experiments that were part of TREX13. During the measurement period between April 22 and May 17, 2013 exclusive of a period of nondeployment May 2–6, 2013, the root-mean-square (rms) wave height $H$ varied over the range 0.03–0.33 m, holding a median value of 0.11 m; the wind speed varied from ${\sim} $ 1 to 10 m/s with a median value of 4.7 m/s, and the rms wave slope averaged over all directions varied from 0.01 to 0.10 with median value of 0.05. These parameters are placed in the context of midfrequency sonar propagation and reverberation prediction. One buoy operated the entire period, with the second buoy operating simultaneously over a four-day overlap period, during which there was excellent agreement between $H$ and wave slope in two orthogonal directions, a finding relevant to describing the sea surface as spatially invariant, or homogeneous, for purposes of sonar modeling. The analysis of energy-weighted mean direction illustrates how the wave field was generally composed of a mixture of swell and wind-generated waves; in cases of purely wind-generated waves the effect of a limited fetch was also shown.
Therapeutic Use of the Psychiatric Hospital for the Acting-Out Adolescent Girl

Most of the acting-out behavior of adolescent girls who are persuaded to go to a psychotherapist can be dealt with on an outpatient basis. Along with the psychotherapy for the girl, the therapist can advise the girl’s parents as to how they can deal more effectively with her, or possibly suggest some enrivonmental manipulations that can be implemented so that the girl will not be expected to deal with more stress or temptations than she can handle. There are times, however, when the behavior is so seriously destructive or out of control that psychiatric hospitalization is needed. Moreover, in these extreme situations, treatment cannot proceed until the girl is in a controlled setting.
A Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for the Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Disease.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this paper is to review information regarding the current guidelines for the clinical laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease as set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to chiropractic physicians and to discuss the clinical utility of this testing. Methods The CDC’s website was reviewed to determine what their current recommendations are for the clinical laboratory testing of Lyme disease. Results The CDC’s established guidelines recommend the use of a 2-tiered serologic testing algorithm for the evaluation of patients with suspected Lyme disease. Conclusion This review provides doctors of chiropractic with information to remain current with the CDC’s recommended guidelines for Lyme disease testing because patients may present to their office with the associated signs and symptoms of Lyme disease.
Intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst: A review of the world literature.

AIM To investigate and summarize the literature regarding the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocysts (IHPP). METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar databases, followed by a manual review of reference lists to ensure that no articles were missed. All articles, case reports, systematic reviews, letters to editors, and abstracts were analyzed and tabulated. Bivariate analyses were performed, with significance accepted at P < 0.05. Articles included were primarily in the English language, and articles in other languages were reviewed with native speakers or, if none available, were translated with electronic software when possible. RESULTS We found 41 published articles describing 54 cases since the 1970s, with a fairly steady rate of publication. Patients were predominantly male, with a mean age of 49 years. In 42% of published cases, the IHPP was the only reported pseudocyst, but 58% also had concurrent pseudocysts in other extrapancreatic locations. Average IHPP size was 9.5 cm and they occurred most commonly (48%) in the left hemiliver. Nearly every reported case was managed with an intervention, most with a single intervention, but some required up to three interventions. Percutaneous treatment with either simple aspiration or with an indwelling drain were the most common interventions, frequently performed along with stenting of the pancreatic duct. The size of the IHPP correlated significantly with both the duration of treatment (P = 0.006) and with the number of interventions required (P = 0.031). The duration of therapy also correlated with the initial white blood cell (WBC) count (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION Diagnosis of IHPP is difficult and often missed. Initial size and WBC are predictive of the treatment required. With appropriate intervention, most patients achieve resolution.
The role of sub-problems: supporting problem solving in narrative-centered learning environments

Narrative-centered learning environments provide an excellent platform for both content-knowledge and problem-solving skill acquisition, as these experiences require students to apply learned material while solving real-world problems. Solving complex problems in an open-ended environment can be a challenging endeavor for elementary students given limitations in their cognitive skills. A promising potential solution is providing students with explicit quests, or proximal goals of a larger, more complex problem-solving activity. Quests have the potential to scaffold the process by breaking down the problem into cognitively manageable units, providing useful, frequent feedback, and maintaining motivation and the novelty of the experience. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of quests as a means for supporting situational interest and content-knowledge acquisition during interactions with a narrative-centered learning environment. Of the 299 5thgrade students who interacted with Crystal Island, a narrative-centered learning environment for science, it was found that students who completed more quests exhibited significant increases in content learning and had higher levels of situational interest. These preliminary findings suggest potential educational and motivational advantages for integrating quest-like sub-problems into the design of narrative-centered learning environments.
Effects of Extreme Drought on Photosynthesis and Water Potential of Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem) Ecotypes in Common Gardens Across Kansas

Phenotypes of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) vary throughout the central grasslands of North America, a consequence of genetically-distinct ecotypes within the species. This study sought to distinguish between genetic and environmental variation of photosynthesis and water potential in big bluestem ecotypes during an extreme drought. Four ecotypes of big bluestem were measured in common gardens in western, central, and eastern Kansas. Experimental plots contained seeded assemblages to represent prairie communities. Photosynthesis rates and water potential were measured three times during the 2012 growing season. The role of precipitation was assessed with rainout shelters that reduced ambient rainfall by 50 percent. There were prominent differences between sites that correlated with available soil moisture, with only minor genetic differences among ecotypes. The mesic site in Manhattan, KS had higher photosynthesis and water potentials compared to drier sites in Colby and Hays, KS. Photosynthet...
FRP-Needles as Discrete Reinforcement in Concrete

AbstractThis paper presents a new type of discrete reinforcing element for concrete produced from either waste or new pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials. These elements, r...
Donor-derived Kaposi's sarcoma in a liver-kidney transplant recipient

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is an oncogenic virus that can cause Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KS can develop following organ transplantation through reactivation of the recipient's latent HHV-8 infection, or less commonly through donor-derived infection which has higher risk for severe illness and mortality. We describe a case of probable donor-derived KS in the recipient of a liver-kidney transplant. The donor had multiple risk factors for HHV-8 infection. The KS was successfully treated by switching immunosuppression from tacrolimus to sirolimus. With an increasing number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons seeking organ transplantation and serving as organ donors for HIV-positive recipients, HHV-8 prevalence among donors and recipients will likely increase and with that the risk for post-transplant KS. Predetermination of HHV-8 status can be useful when considering organ donors and recipients with risk factors, although there are currently no validated commercial tests for HHV-8 antibody screening.
Cardinal Number and Ordinal Number

Recall from Chapter 13 that we write card A = card B if there is a bijection A → B. Then we say that A and B have the same cardinal number. We write card A ≤ card B if there is an injection A → B. In this latter case we say that the cardinal number of A is less than or equal to the cardinal number of B. Recall that card N ≤ card R but card N ≠ card R.
#Depression: Findings from a Literature Review of 10 Years of Social Media and Depression Research

The purpose of our literature review was to understand the state of research related to social media and depression within the past 10 years. We were particularly interested in understanding what has been studied in relation to immigrant college students, as they are especially at risk for depression. Searching three databases, ACM Digital Library, PubMed, and IDEALS, we found 881 research articles. Based on our criteria, 78 research papers were included in our analysis. Although social media use is common among college students and depression is an issue for many immigrants and college students, we found few studies that focused specifically on college students, and we identified no studies on immigrant college students or college-aged immigrants. The research articles focused primarily on Twitter and general social media usage (rather than specific social media platforms) and commonly employed qualitative methods. We identify four gaps in the existing literature, why they matter, and how future research (our own included) can begin to address them.
Disaster, Development, and Water: The Reconstruction and (Re)Fabrication of Hazardous Waterscapes in Post-tsunami India

The 2004 Asian tsunami devastated the East coast of India, setting in motion the country’s largest reconstruction project. Entire villages had to be rebuilt, including water infrastructure. This paper examines the outcomes of water sector reconstruction across 14 villages that were rebuilt in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, and Karaikal District, Puducherry. The objective is to critique post-tsunami reconstruction through the lens of ‘water’. The focus is on water quality and methods to cope with poor water quality, but ancillary issues of access, quantity, and pressure are also explored. Household (n = 74) and key informant interviews (n = 66), focus group discussions (n = 14), water quality tests (n = 378), and photographs are used to construct a socio-geographical narrative and a visual ethnography of the post-disaster built environments. A unifying theme is that the hazardous pre-disaster context was essentially refabricated through reconstruction processes to fashion hazardous waterscapes of manmade, engineered proportions—an outcome mirroring a ‘disaster after the disaster.’ Moreover, the ability of residents to manage water-related hazards is limited, because residents have been dealt waterscapes over which they command little power. Many factors exist outside residents’ bounds of influence, permitting few opportunities to surmount, let alone subvert, the hazardous waterscapes. Thus, residents are forced to operate within a narrow band of functional possibilities. The result is not only constrained agency, but that subjects are driven to acclimate, acculturate, and ultimately submit to the waterscapes they inhabit.
Glioblastoma Arising Within Sites of Encephalomalacia From Vascular brain injury: Two Novel Cases and a Review of the Literature (P6.091)

Objective: To report two novel cases of glioblastoma arising within sites of encephalomalacia from vascular brain injury and review other cases in the literature. Background: Chronic inflammation resulting from vascular brain injury is a proposed risk factor for oncogenesis in glioblastoma however epidemiological studies have generated conflicting results. Design/Methods: Two case reports and review of published cases of glioblastoma after vascular brain injury. Pubmed search terms: glioblastoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), ischemic stroke, infarct, infarction. Results: Case 1: A 64-year-old man developed glioblastoma (IDH1 wild-type, MGMT unmethylated) in an area of left frontal encephalomalacia from SAH (surgically clipped) 6 years prior. Case 2: A 61-year-old man developed glioblastoma (IDH1-wildtype, MGMT methylated) in an area of encephalomalacia from a left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke 7 months prior. Literature review: We identified 16 cases (including the two cases presented here) of malignant glioma/glioblastoma formation following vascular brain injury. 7 cases were after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and 9 after ischemic stroke. 11 cases were described as “glioblastoma multiforme”, the remainder of tumors were described as “glioma” (2 cases), “malignant glioma” (1 case), “gliosarcoma” (1 case) and “malignant anaplastic oligodendroglioma” (1 case). Mean age at tumor diagnosis was 50 in the SAH group and 61 in the stroke group. Mean duration between vascular event and tumor diagnosis was 5.6 years for the SAH group and 1.5 years for the stroke group. Conclusions: Glioblastoma can occur within sites of prior vascular injury. In the new cases presented here, the vascular injuries were adjacent to the lateral ventricle and the subventricular zone (SVZ). The SVZ is a “neurogenic niche” which may be at higher risk for malignant transformation. Further study of the oncogenic effects of ischemic injury at neurogenic niches could yield new insights into the biology of glioblastoma initiation and development. Disclosure: Dr. Ferenczi holds stock and/or stock options in My husband has stock options in the following companies: Element Science, Cognito Therapeutics. Dr. Saadi has nothing to disclose. Dr Bhattacharyya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berkowitz receives textbook royalties from McGraw-Hill, MedMaster, Oxford Press .
Effect of carbon nanofibers on electrode performance of symmetric supercapcitors with composite α-MnO2 nanorods

Abstract α-MnO2 nanorods have been grown on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for enhancing the electrical conductivity of MnO2. We have synthesized α-MnO2/CNF (0–5 wt%) nanocomposites using a co-precipitation method. The x-ray diffraction results confirm the formation of a single phase α-MnO2 and SEM/TEM images reveal the formation of α-MnO2 nanorods, whose size depends on the amount of CNF in the nanocomposite. Both the surface area and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites are found to be strongly influenced by the presence of CNF. While α-MnO2/CNF(1.25 wt%) exhibits the largest surface area (381 m2/g) and only a modest increase in the electrical conductivity compared to pure α-MnO2 nanorods, the α-MnO2/CNF(5 wt%) shows the least surface area (131 m2/g) but an order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity (0.67 S/cm). Cyclic voltammetry measurements show improved performance (higher specific capacitance and better cyclic stability) in all α-MnO2/CNF supercapacitors compared to that of pure α-MnO2. Ragone plot shows that although α-MnO2/CNF(1.25 wt%) exhibits the highest specific capacitance (313 F/g at 1 A/g) and hence the highest energy density of 32.8 Wh/kg, it has the least power density of 4250 W/kg. On the other hand, α-MnO2/CNF(5 wt%) shows the least energy density of 7.9 Wh/kg but with a higher power density of 8478 W/kg compared to α-MnO2/CNF(1.25 wt%). Our studies demonstrate that one can optimize both energy and power densities by controlling the amount of CNF in the nanocomposites.
HOList: An Environment for Machine Learning of Higher-Order Theorem Proving

We present an environment, benchmark, and deep learning driven automated theorem prover for higher-order logic. Higher-order interactive theorem provers enable the formalization of arbitrary mathematical theories and thereby present an interesting, open-ended challenge for deep learning. We provide an open-source framework based on the HOL Light theorem prover that can be used as a reinforcement learning environment. HOL Light comes with a broad coverage of basic mathematical theorems on calculus and the formal proof of the Kepler conjecture, from which we derive a challenging benchmark for automated reasoning. We also present a deep reinforcement learning driven automated theorem prover, DeepHOL, with strong initial results on this benchmark.
Symptom-based patient stratification in mental illness using clinical notes.

Abstract Mental illnesses are highly heterogeneous with diagnoses based on symptoms that are generally qualitative, subjective, and documented in free text clinical notes rather than as structured data. Moreover, there exists significant variation in symptoms within diagnostic categories as well as substantial overlap in symptoms between diagnostic categories. These factors pose extra challenges for phenotyping patients with mental illness, a task that has proven challenging even for seemingly well characterized diseases. The ability to identify more homogeneous patient groups could both increase our ability to apply a precision medicine approach to psychiatric disorders and enable elucidation of underlying biological mechanism of pathology. We describe a novel approach to deep phenotyping in mental illness in which contextual term extraction is used to identify constellations of symptoms in a cohort of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders. We applied topic modeling and dimensionality reduction to identify similar groups of patients and evaluate the resulting clusters through visualization and interrogation of clinically interpretable weighted features. Our findings show that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia may be meaningfully stratified using symptom-based clustering.
Rethinking Food Reward

The conscious perception of the hedonic sensory properties of caloric foods is commonly believed to guide our dietary choices. Current and traditional models implicate the consciously perceived hedonic qualities of food as driving overeating, whereas subliminal signals arising from the gut would curb our uncontrolled desire for calories. Here we review recent animal and human studies that support a markedly different model for food reward. These findings reveal in particular the existence of subcortical body-to-brain neural pathways linking gastrointestinal nutrient sensors to the brain's reward regions. Unexpectedly, consciously perceptible hedonic qualities appear to play a less relevant, and mostly transient, role in food reinforcement. In this model, gut-brain reward pathways bypass cranial taste and aroma sensory receptors and the cortical networks that give rise to flavor perception. They instead reinforce behaviors independently of the cognitive processes that support overt insights into the nature of our dietary decisions.