cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum-chromodynamic potential model for light-heavy quarkonia and the heavy quark effective theory.

We have investigated the spectra of light-heavy quarkonia with the use of a quantum-chromodynamic potential model, which is similar to that used earlier for heavy quarkonia. An essential feature of our treatment is the inclusion of the one-loop radiative corrections to the quark-antiquark potential, which contribute significantly to the spin splitting among the quarkonium energy levels. Unlike cc\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} and bb\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, the potential for a light-heavy system has a complicated dependence on the light and heavy quark masses m and M, and it contains a spin-orbit mixing term. We have obtained excellent results for the observed energy levels of ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$, ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}}$, ${\mathit{B}}^{0}$, and ${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{s}}$, and we are able to provide predicted results for many unobserved energy levels. Our potential parameters for different quarkonia satisfy the constraints of quantum chromodynamics. We have also used our investigation to test the accuracy of the heavy quark effective theory. We find that the heavy quark expansion yields generally good results for the ${\mathit{B}}^{0}$ and ${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{s}}$ energy levels provided that ${\mathit{M}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and ${\mathit{M}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ln M corrections are taken into account in the quark-antiquark interactions. It does not, however, provide equally good results for the energy levels of ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$ and ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}}$, which indicates that the effective theory cannot be applied accurately to the c quark.
Ideal-space treatment of the e++H to Ps+H+ process

A new quantum mechanical formalism, is considered for the e+-H system; it explicitly introduces into the scattering picture the positronium (Ps) formation and breakup channels. In its lowest-order form the scattering T matrix of the theory (T(1)) contains two terms. The first of these (TB) is the conventional first Born approximation, while the second (TS), involving a non-local potential, can be interpreted as a screening of of the bare Coulomb interactions. Numerical applications seem to indicate that the new theory is characterised by much faster convergence properties than more conventional quantum mechanical treatments. In particular, the presence of the new Ts term, in the T(1) approximation, leads to differential and total cross sections comparable with distorted-wave results of the literature.
On the dissimilar effects of alcohol and aging on the perception of cognitive failings

The effects of age and duration of alcoholism on self-report of cognitive errors were examined in detoxified alcoholic outpatients and normal controls. Among alcoholics, longer duration of alcohol abuse was associated with report of more frequent cognitive errors. Among both groups, aging was associated with report of less frequent errors. Thus, data from self-assessment of cognitive performance suggests that alcoholism and aging have dissimilar effects.
Effects of scopolamine on a “go-no go” avoidance task in rats

After three days of training on an one-way active avoidance task in a shuttle box, rats were injected with scopolamine (0.2 mg/kg) or saline for the next two days and given a random order of active and passive avoidance trials with opposed external cues. Scopolamine did not interfere with passive avoidance training.
Microcomputers in Teching Materials Science and Engineering: TK! Solver Models

This work is a part of a larger program, aimed at improving teaching of materials science and engineering (MSE) and also at better communication between teachers and learners. Since every incoming Drexel University student is provided with a microcomputer, the objective of this project was to develop learning tools for MSE usable with a microcomputer. We have used TK! Solver, a meta-expert system, capable among other things to solve overdetermined systems of simultaneous equations. In distinction to standard programming, interchanging the roles between unknown and known parameters does not require program changes. Various operations which ordinarily would involve attaching subroutines from a libraryare accomplished by simple choices from menus. We have developed a large number of TK! Solver models for MSE, covering various materials properties (mechanical, thermophysical, electrical…), as well as all important classes of materials.
An analysis of heat transfer to turbulent flow of drag reducing fluids

Abstract Reichardt's analysis for heat transfer to turbulent flow in smooth pipe is extended to drag reducing viscoelastic fluids. Velocity profile expression by Deissler is modified to account for changes brought about by viscoelastic drag reducing fluids. The final correlation compares very favourably over a wide range of Prandtl (or Schmidt) numbers, with experimental data.
Congenital intraspinal neuroblastoma with intraspinal calcification in the neonatal period: Report of a case with a 32-year follow-up

Punctate and amorphous intraspinal calcification associated with interpediculate widening in a neonate with lower extremity paresis is probably pathognomonic for congenital calcified intraspinal neuroblastoma.
What’s the Bandwidth for Democracy? Deconstructing Internet Penetration and Citizen Attitudes About Governance

Recent world events have highlighted the democratic potential of information and communication technologies. This article draws upon the democracy literature to develop a multilevel conceptual framework that links country-level Internet penetration and individual-level Internet use to citizen attitudes about governance in 34 developing countries. In doing so, it deconstructs “Internet penetration” into three dimensions—hardware (e.g., computers), users, and broadband—to provide greater theoretical specificity about how Internet diffusion leads citizens to adopt democratic attitudes. Results from multilevel analyses indicate that individual Internet use and the diffusion of Internet hardware shape citizens’ perceptions of the supply of democracy in their countries, and individual Internet use and diffusion of broadband lead citizens to adopt stronger democratic preferences. Theoretical and normative implications are discussed.
Antiprogestin regulable gene switch for induction of gene expression in vivo.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several inducible systems for regulating gene expression that include the use of the metal response promoter, the heat shock promoter, the glucocorticoid-inducible (MMTV-LTR) promoter, the lac repressor/operator system using IPTG as an inducer, and the Tet repressor/operator system (tTA) with tetracycline as an inducer. More recently, gene activator sequences and selective DNA-binding sequences have been fused to the hormone-binding domains (HBD) of steroid receptors, rendering the fusion protein responsive to steroid. For example, a GAL4-HBD fusion protein capable of transactivating a target gene by binding to GAIA-binding sites (17-mer) located upstream of the target gene has been constructed. The chapter describes the construction and characteristics of an RU486-Inducible gene expression system. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the regulable and tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic mice.
Hormonal control of testicular protein synthesis in developing Tenebrio molitor

Abstract During differentiation, the testes of Tenebrio molitor were found to exhibit increases in biosynthetic capacity reflected by changes in the testicular protein content. A gradual increase in testicular protein content was observed during the prepupal stage. The observed increase was more dramatic in the pupal stage and reached its maximum level between days 4 and 7 of pupal development. During the adult stage, the biosynthetic processes for producing protein were apparently reduced following the first few days after adult emergence. The incorporation of radioactive leucine into TCA-precipitable testicular protein was not affected by the administration of exogenous juvenile hormone alone (JH I, 1 μg/animal) during the pupal stage. However, the administration of exogenous ecdysterone (0.5 μg/animal) to pupal T. molitor resulted in an increase in radioactive leucine incorporated into TCA-precipitable testicular proteins, particularly during the first five days after pupal ecdysis. Simultaneous administration of both JH and ecdysterone to mealworm pupae at specific ages indicated that no apparent interaction, synergistic or antagonistic, occurred between these two hormones with respect to [3H]-leucine incorporation. Furthermore, the amount of [3H]-leucine incorporated approximated to that obtained following injection of ecdysterone alone in all the pupal ages studied.
Quantum information processing with double-well optical lattices

We demonstrate a technique to address a spatially dense field-insensitive qubit register composed of neutral atoms held in a double-well optical lattice. We robustly perform single-qubit rotation on qubits located at addressed lattice sites.
Dairy intake is associated with memory and pulsatility index in heart failure.

Purpose/Aim: Past work shows an inconsistent relationship between dairy intake and cognition in healthy older adults. A cross-sectional design was conducted to examine dairy consumption, cognitive dysfunction, and cerebral blood flow in a sample of older adults with heart failure (HF) to clarify their association in this population at high risk for adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 older adults with HF (70.39 ± 9.51 years; 33.1% female) underwent neuropsychological testing, transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography to quantify cerebral blood flow. Dairy intake was quantified using a brief self-report questionnaire. Results: Partial correlations between the dairy consumption questionnaire and neuropsychological tests were conducted adjusting for HF severity, age, and sex. Contrary to expectations, results showed greater dairy intake was associated with poorer memory (r = −0.21, p = 0.01) and higher pulsatility index in the medial cerebral artery (r = −0.17, p = 0.05). Conclu...
Self-Aligned n-channel MOSFET on InP and In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As Using Physical Vapor Deposition HfO 2 and Silicon Interface Passivation Layer

Research on high-k (HfO2) materials has been expanded significantly. However, MOSFETs with high-k gate dielectrics on silicon still have several problems with relatively low mobility of high-k devices in thin EOT regime compared to the universal curve. In this work, as an alternative of silicon substrate, InP and In0.53Ga0.47As has been studied. W e present the material and electrical characteristics of TaN/HfO2/InP self-aligned n-MOSFET with PVD Si interface Passivation layer (IPL) under various post deposition anneal (PDA) conditions. We also demonstrated N-channel high-k InP and In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs with good transistor behavior.
Similarities and differences between mind-wandering and external distraction: A latent variable analysis of lapses of attention and their relation to cognitive abilities

The current study examined the extent to which task-unrelated thoughts represent both vulnerability to mind-wandering and susceptibility to external distraction from an individual difference perspective. Participants performed multiple measures of attention control, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence. Task-unrelated thoughts were assessed using thought probes during the attention control tasks. Using latent variable techniques, the results suggested that mind-wandering and external distraction reflect distinct, yet correlated constructs, both of which are related to working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, the results suggest that the common variance shared by mind-wandering, external distraction, and attention control is what primarily accounts for their relation with working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. These results support the notion that lapses of attention are strongly related to cognitive abilities.
Multi-modal information retrieval from broadcast video using OCR and speech recognition

We examine multi-modal information retrieval from broadcast video where text can be read on the screen through OCR and speech recognition can be performed on the audio track. OCR and speech recognition are compared on the 2001 TREC Video Retrieval evaluation corpus. Results show that OCR is more important that speech recognition for video retrieval. OCR retrieval can further improve through dictionary-based post-processing. We demonstrate how to utilize imperfect multi-modal metadata results to benefit multi-modal information retrieval.
A Note on Breiman's Random Forest Data Mining Technique and Conventional Cox Modeling of Survival Statistics: The Case of the Phantom “Induct” Covariate in the Ohio State University Kidney Transplant Database

This note represents a portion of the research that has been conducted using the Ohio State University's large kidney transplant database. Our latest results into understanding the impact of covariates on renal graft success including the impact of drug therapy are discussed. The major result here is that using both the Cox model and Breiman's Random Forest Data Mining techniques has helped to unravel the mystery of the “induct” immunosuppressant covariate slipping in and out of the list of important variables. We also make the interesting observation that the Random Forest method seems to mimic the clinician's (R.P.) understanding of the importance of variables.
Advisory statements of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (‘ILCOR’)

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR ) was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between principal resuscitation organizations worldwide. Although the criteria for participation were not closely defined, member organizations were expected to have an accepted remit for creating resuscitation guidelines, preferably for more than one country, and to be multidisciplinary in membership. At present, ILCOR comprises representatives of the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC), the Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa (RCSA), and the newly formed Council of Latin America for Resuscitation (CLAR). The AHA published standards for resuscitation in 1974. They were updated under the new designation guidelines —which better reflected their purpose—in 1980, 1986, and 1992. A number of national councils in Europe followed the American lead by introducing their own guidelines, which were eventually consolidated by the ERC in 1992. The motive was to make widely available throughout the continent a system for resuscitation that was perceived as matching more closely the needs of countries in Europe, most of which were less developed in this discipline than North America. Different traditions in the use and availability of drugs also predicated a modified approach. Increasingly these have been accepted as an appropriate model within Europe and have become well established. Similar developments took place in Australia and Southern Africa. While the emergence of new organizations with a remit for resuscitation widened interest and expertise, there were …
The effects of lithium hydroxide solution on alkali silica reaction gels created with opal

Abstract The reaction of Nevada opal with calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide solutions was investigated. In addition, opal was exposed to a combined solution of these three hydroxides. The progress of the three reactions was followed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results indicated the presence of a low-angle peak exclusive to the lithium-based reactions. The NMR results suggested a change in the silicate structure in the presence of lithium. These techniques indicated that the reaction of the alkali with the opal starting material is inhibited and perhaps stopped in the presence of lithium hydroxide. SEM revealed that the morphology of the reaction products on the surface of the reacted opal grains is markedly different invariably. It was concluded that evidence to support the theory of a protective layer exists and that the nature of the layer varies with ion type.
A Self-Replicating Peptide under Ionic Control.

The chemical coupling of two peptide fragments to give the peptide K1 K2 (shown in the helical wheel diagram on the right) is autocatalytic at high NaClO4 concentrations (1 M). Under these conditions K1 K2 assumes a coiled-coil conformation, which can function as a template for the coupling. Autocatalysis is not observed under conditions that prevent formation of the coiled-coil conformation.
The Effects of Denomination on Religious Socialization for Jewish Youth

The transmission model of religious socialization was tested using a sample of American Jewish parents and adolescents. The authors expected that measures of religiousness among parents would be associated with those among their children. Interaction effects of denominational membership were also tested. Data were collected from a sample of 233 parent–child pairs in 9 Jewish schools in the Midwestern United States. Findings revealed modest support for the transmission model among American Jewish youth and parents. Parents’ religious practices were positively linked to the salience of religion among youth as well as with youth’s religious practices. No other correlations emerged between parents’ and youth’s behaviors. No interactions with denominational membership were found; however, parents’ membership in the Orthodox denomination was positively correlated with the salience of religion among youth. These findings suggest that context plays an important role in the religious socialization of Jewish youth....
Regional Study of Value Pricing in the Dallas-Fort Worth Region, Texas

The Dallas-Fort Worth region, Texas, is one of the most congested urban areas in the United States. As the region has experienced unprecedented growth in population and business activity, traffic congestion and delay have continued to worsen. With additional vehicles on the region's freeways and a shortage of land and resources required to build more roads, the region's transportation leaders adopted a progressive approach to managing the increasing congestion—by applying value pricing to operate the transportation system more efficiently. The region's metropolitan planning organization, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG), was awarded a grant from FHWA to study a regional approach to value pricing. URS Corporation worked with NCTCOG and its partners, the Texas Department of Transportation, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, North Texas Tollway Authority, Denton County Transportation Authority, Fort Worth Transportation Authority, and Texas Transportation Institute, to undertake the only major...
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate midbrain dopamine neuronal activity and dopamine-related behavior in mice

Abstract Cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) have been recently reported to modulate brain dopamine (DA)-related behaviors; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying these actions are unclear. Here we report that CB2Rs are expressed in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons and functionally modulate DA neuronal excitability and DA-related behavior. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assays detected CB2 mRNA and CB2R immunostaining in VTA DA neurons. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that activation of CB2Rs by JWH133 or other CB2R agonists inhibited VTA DA neuronal firing in vivo and ex vivo, whereas microinjections of JWH133 into the VTA inhibited cocaine self-administration. Importantly, all of the above findings observed in WT or CB1−/− mice are blocked by CB2R antagonist and absent in CB2−/− mice. These data suggest that CB2R-mediated reduction of VTA DA neuronal activity may underlie JWH133's modulation of DA-regulated behaviors.
Mirrors for an imaging gamma ray telescope

Abstract A method is given for making mirrors suitable for large parabolic light collectors. The present application is for collecting Cherenkov light from air showers.
Development and Use of a Tool for Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness in Grades K-12

In a culture of accountability, reliable and valid tools are needed for assessing the quality of teaching in grades K-12. The results of a seminal series of qualitative studies describing exemplary classrooms were inductively categorized to create such a tool–the Classroom AIMS Instrument–which assesses Atmosphere, Instruction, Management and Student Engagement. The more consistently teachers incorporated practices observed in exemplary classrooms, the more highly and consistently engaged were their students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the Management category confirmed a two subcategory model. Results of the CFAs for Atmosphere, Instruction, and Student Engagement suggested moderately good fit after minor modifications to six, five and single factor models, respectively. While initial results are promising, suggestions for additional validation research are made.
The Effects of Practicing Speech Accommodations to Older Adults.

This study evaluated the effects of practice with a referential communication task on the form and effectiveness of elderspeak, a speech register targeted at older listeners. The task required the listener to reproduce a route drawn on a map following the speaker's instructions. Young adults were given extended practice with this task to determine if they would modify their fluency, prosody, grammatical complexity, semantic content, or discourse style. The effectiveness of the young speakers' instructions was also evaluated in terms of how accurately their older partners could reproduce the routes and in terms of the older adults' evaluations of their own communicative competence. With practice, the young adults' instructions became shorter, simpler, slower, and more repetitious; these selective changes did not affect the older adults' accuracy, but did result in lower self-ratings of communicative competence by the older partners. In a second study, a new group of young adults was given extended practice with young adults as partners. The practice effects were limited to fluency (sentence length and speech rate) and had no effect on the young partners' accuracy or selfratings of communicative competence.
ORGANOBORANES. XXXIII. PROTONOLYSIS OF TRIETHYLBORANE WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Abstract The hydrolysis of triethylborane with water proceeds very slowly at room temperature, unaffected by hydrochloric acid, but inhibited by sodium hydroxide. Acetic acid, however, removes the first ethyl group rapidly, followed by a slower removal of the second. The protonolysis of the third ethyl group requires elevated temperatures. The unusual reactivity of carboxylic acid toward protonolysis of triethylborane is attributed to the presence of both acidic and basic sites in close proximity. The effect of added reagents is also studied. Thus, bases, such as pyridine, inhibit the removal of the first ethyl group, whereas, hydroxylic solvents, water, and strong acids and bases hinder protonolysis of the second ethyl group.
Stress Development and Fracture of Surface Nucleated Cristobalite on Silica Glass

Stress development and fracture of isolated cristobalite spherulites in amorphous silica matrix were observed. High purity bulk silica was annealed to produce partial surface crystallization consisting of isolated and impinged spherulites in an amorphous matrix. The stress state of the amorphous silica surrounding cristobalite spherulites was qualitatively examined using crossed-polars microscopy. Fracture was observed to occur with many spherulites encircled by cracks in the matrix and other spherulites observed to self-fracture in a “mud-cracking” pattern. The fracture was found to be size dependent with encircling matrix cracks occurring as a minority phenomena in spherulites 20–70 microns in diameter and “mud-cracking” self-fracture to occur in all spherulites over 70 microns in diameter. The stresses develop as a result of the strain associated with the 4.9% volume reduction in the cristobalite on transitioning from beta-to-alpha phase at ~250°C. Observed fracture behaviors were modeled. Matrix cracks encircling spherulites were found to be consistent with a Weibull failure model of the glass under a stress field derived from the Eshelby inclusion model. Self-fractured spherulite failure was found to be consistent with a failure model based on thin films under biaxial stress.
Identification of perimeter depletion and emitter plug effects in deep-submicrometer, shallow-junction polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors

Two new types of narrow-emitter effects are identified in shallow and narrow-junction polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors. These effects result from a lower doping concentration close to the emitter perimeter of large devices (perimeter depletion effect) or in very-narrow-emitter devices where the polysilicon plugs up the emitter window (emitter plug effect). The consequence is a locally shallower emitter junction which causes a reduced collector current density and a nonideal base current due to a partial overlap of the emitter-base space-charge region with the poly/monosilicon interface. The nonuniform doping in the polysilicon is verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Electrical measurements give a clear indication of the emitter plug effect for two different self-aligned transistor structures, and further evidence is given by a comparison of various poly emitter processes. >
Design and Evaluation of New Analogs of the Sweet Protein Brazzein

We have previously modeled the interaction of the sweet protein brazzein with the extracellular domains of the sweet taste receptor. Here, we describe the application of that model to the design of 12 new highly potent analogs of brazzein. Eight of the 12 analogs have higher sweetness potency than wild-type brazzein. Results are consistent with our brazzein–receptor interaction model. The model predicts binding of brazzein to the open form of T1R2 in the T1R2–T1R3 heterodimer.
Borrowing thy neighbour's genetics: neural induction and a Brachyury mutant in Xenopus.

A recent article by Rao(1) exemplifies a number of new trends in developmental biology, both of technical strategy and approach to the problem of neural induction. Rao introduced into frog embryos a mutant form of a mesodermal gene, Brachyury, and caused ectopic neural differentiation. This essay traces the route from the original Brachyury mutation in mouse to the most likely conclusion of Rao's experiments — suggested previously(2) — that neural fate is a default pathway.
Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage during pregnancy: A case report and a review of the described operative techniques.

Abstract A case report and systematic review of the literature. We report on a 26-year-old patient, gravida 2, para 0, at 12 weeks gestation with the diagnosis of cervical incompetence, in whom transvaginal cerclage was not technically possible and laparoscopic transcervical abdominal cerclage was performed. The operation lasted 100 minutes and was completed successfully. The patient was discharged the next day and the remainder of her pregnancy was uneventful. A healthy infant weighing 3010 g was delivered at 38.4 weeks by cesarean section. Laparoscopic transcervical abdominal cerclage approach is safe and effective to pregnant patients when abdominal cerclage is recommended and offers faster patient recovery.
Around the World in Eighty Centiliters

The production, marketing, and delivery of beverages are enterprises so vast that fully to comprehend [them] would require an almost universal knowledge ranging from geology, biology, chemistry and medicine to the niceties of the legislative, judicial and administrative processes of government. Queensboro Farm Prods., Inc. v. Wickard, 137 F.2d 969, 975 (2d Cir. 1943). So extensive are the legal complexities at issue that the typical North American coffee service traverses nearly the entire range of allocative and redistributive considerations within the law of trade. A simple carafe of coffee, with cream and sugar on the side, vividly illustrates the tradeoff between comparative advantage and redistributive goals in the formation of trade policies.
Modeling reaction–diffusion processes within catalyst washcoats: I. Microscale processes based on three-dimensional reconstructions

Abstract This paper develops a detailed analysis of reaction–diffusion processes within a porous rhodium-alumina catalyst washcoat. Focused-ion-beam–scanning-electron-microscope (FIB–SEM) techniques are developed and applied to reconstruct the actual catalyst-support microstructure. Three-dimensional transport processes within washcoat micro-pore structures are modeled using a dimensionless representation of reaction and diffusion rates based on the Damkohler number. Three-dimensional computational solutions for particular porous microstructures are modeled and interpreted. In a companion paper, these microstructural results are used to assist development of larger-scale models that can be incorporated into reactor-scale simulations.
Persistence of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I and its 5'--3' exonuclease activity in PolA mutants of Escherichia coli K12.

Abstract Partially purified enzyme preparations derived from a strain of Escherichia coli K12 with an amber mutation (polA1) in the DNA polymerase I gene contain approximately 1% as much polymerase I activity as the preparations from wild type strain purified by the same procedure. Two other polymerase I mutants, one temperature-sensitive (polA12) and the other nonsuppressible (polA5), also contain significant levels of polymerase I (12% and 35% of wild type, respectively). In the case of polA12, the polymerase I activity is abnormally thermolabile. The level of polymerase I observed in a given mutant is dependent, in part, on the pH and the template-primer used. Despite their low DNA polymerase I levels, these mutants possess nearly normal amounts of the 5' → 3' exonuclease activity that is known to be part of DNA polymerase I and is separable as a 2.8 S fragment by proteolytic cleavage. In the temperature-sensitive and nonsuppressible mutants, the 5' → 3' exonuclease and polymerase I activities cosediment at approximately 5.4 S just as in the wild type. In contrast, the polymerase I activity in the amber mutant sediments at 5.4 S, but the 5' → 3' exonuclease activity sediments at 2.8 S. These findings suggest that the residual DNA polymerase I activity sedimenting like the wild type enzyme in the polA1 mutants is the result of a low level read-through of the amber mutation, and that the 5' → 3' exonuclease represents the amber peptide, or a proteolytic cleavage product of it.
Modeling the CH Stretch Vibrational Spectroscopy of M+[Cyclohexane] (M = Li, Na, and K) Ions

The CH stretch vibrations of M+[cyclohexane][Ar] (M = Li, Na, and K) cluster ions were theoretically modeled. Results were compared to the corresponding infrared photodissociation spectra of Patwari and Lisy [J. Chem. Phys A 2007, 111, 7585]. The experimental spectra feature a substantial spread in CH stretch vibration frequencies due to the alkali metal cation binding to select hydrogens of cyclohexane. This spread was observed to increase with decreasing metal ion size. Exploring the potential energy landscape revealed the presence of three conformers whose energy minima lie within ∼1 kcal of each other. It was determined that in all conformers the metal ion interacts with three hydrogen atoms; these hydrogen atoms can be either equatorial or axial. The corresponding spectra for these conformers were obtained with a theoretical model Hamiltonian [J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 138, 064308] that consists of local mode CH stretches bilinearly coupled to each other and Fermi coupled to lower frequency modes. Frequen...
Stress in copper thin films with barrier layers

Wafer curvature and grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS) techniques were used to investigate the biaxial stresses induced in blanket Cu films during a thermal cycle to 460°C and back to room temperature. Cu was deposited by DC sputtering at ambient temperature. Several different barrier layer materials — SiO2, W, Ta, TiN, and Si3N4 — were used to compare any effect barrier choice might have on Cu microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior. Ta and Si3N4 encouraged a strong (111) Cu texture. A W barrier led to an untextured microstructure which underwent large, uneven grain growth during thermal cycling. Several samples were capped with a Ta layer which affected the stress behavior during cooling by inhibiting dislocation motion. An inverse relationship between strength and thickness was also documented.
α-Adrenergic Blockers

alpha-Adrenergic blockers are important drugs in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disorders. The ability to selectively block alpha-receptor subtypes provides a greater margin of safety and efficacy for these drugs.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Synthesis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis van bovis.

SummaryThe pathway of NAD biosynthesis in Mycobacteria was studied with cell-free extracts of M. tuberculosis var. bovis strain BCG Tice. The organism converted niacin to NAD with NaMN and NaAD as intermediates. PRPP, ATP, and MgCl2 were shown to be requisite for NaMN formation while glutamine or asparagine were shown to be necessary for conversion of NaAD to NAD. The pathway was further elucidated by the demonstration that NaMN was itself utilized directly for coenzyme synthesis without prior decomposition to niacin.
Documentation of Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Pregnancy Among Women Presenting for Gynecologic Oncology Consultation.

Objective The aim of the study was to describe pregnancy risk assessment, reproductive goals, and incidence of pregnancy among the reproductive age population seen by gynecologic oncologists at a tertiary care center. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted among 18- to 45-year-old women evaluated by a gynecologic oncologist from January 2000 to December 2011. Data abstracted included the following: diagnosis, cancer treatment, parity, pregnancy risk factors (eg, menstrual patterns, sexual activity, and use of contraception), reproductive goals, type of referral, and pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the population. Results Five hundred seventeen women were eligible and included in the review. Median age was 31 years with most common diagnoses being cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and premalignant disease. Most patients are multiparous. Seventy percent were treated surgically, with 58% experiencing surgical sterility. Completeness of reproductive data documented at initial visit included the following: 47% with a contraception plan, 54% sexual activity/practices, and 37% with personal reproductive goals reviewed. Fifteen patients were pregnant at the initial visit, and 21 patients pregnant during follow-up, representing 43 pregnancies (9 patients had more than 1 pregnancy). For those maintaining fertility after the initial visit, there was a median (range) of 2 (0–25) visits with 32% documenting a contraception plan at follow-up visits. Conclusions A patient’s reproductive goals and risk factors for pregnancy are inconsistently addressed during initial consultation with the gynecologic oncologist. This lack of consistency potentially increases patients’ risk for unplanned pregnancy during evaluation and treatment of a gynecologic cancer diagnosis and potentially results in a missed opportunity for fertility preservation. Planned and unplanned pregnancy occurs in this population at a rate similar to that of US women of reproductive age, underscoring the need for reproductive counseling in this population.
The Effect of Human Capital Management Practices on Breakthrough Innovation (BI) in Large Firms

Organizational leaders routinely note the critical importance of human capital in enabling successful innovation outcomes. While the observation of their importance is obvious, human resource manag...
4,4'-Bisacetamidocarbanilide, a metabolite of nicarbazin.

SummaryThe feeding of large doses of nicarbazin to calves produced moderate nephrotoxicity associated with precipitation of crystalline deposits in the renal tubules. These crystals were identified as 4, 4′-bisacetamidocarbanilide. Additional evidence is presented that, after absorption, nicarbazin splits into its components, dinitrocarbanilide and hydroxydimethylpyrimidine, which are metabolized separately. The dinitrocarbanilide is first reduced to soluble diaminocarbanilide and then acetylated to insoluble 4,4′-bisacetamidocarbanilide. The renal tissue reaction and the metabolic degradation of 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide resembles that known for the sulfonamides.
The behavioral effects of a mixed efficacy antinociceptive peptide, VRP26, following chronic administration in mice.

Rationale VRP26 displays mu opioid receptor agonist and delta opioid receptor antagonist activity in vitro, a pharmacological profile purported to produce reduced tolerance, dependence, and rewarding effects. We hypothesized that VRP26 would display reduced adverse effects after chronic administration as compared with the traditional opioid analgesic fentanyl.
345 EFFECT OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ON HEPATIC HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN ENDOCYTIC RECEPTOR (β CHAIN OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE) AND ABCA-1 EXPRESSIONS.

Heavy proteinuria, otherwise known as nephrotic syndrome (NS), results in profound dysregulation of lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. For instance, maturation of cholesterol-poor HDL-3 to cholesterol-rich HDL-2 is impaired, HDL-2/HDL-3 ratio is reduced, and transport of surplus cholesterol by HDL from extrahepatic tissues for disposal in the liver is impaired. Optimal cholesterol uptake by HDL-3 or nascent HDL requires reversible binding to ABCA-1, which leads to the efflux of free cholesterol and phospholipids from the cell to the surface of HDL as well as esterification of free cholesterol by LCAT. Disposal of HDL-born cholesterol occurs by docking receptor SRB-1 or the endocytic receptor, recently identified as being identical to the β chain of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Previously, we have found marked reductions of hepatic SRB-1 abundance and plasma LCAT (due to loss of LCAT in urine) in rats with nephrotic syndrome, events that can, in part, account for the impairment of HDL maturation and HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. The present study was designed to determine the possible effects of NS on hepatic expressions of the β chain of ATP synthase and ABCA-1. Accordingly, mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein abundance (Western blot analysis) of the above molecules were determined in the liver of rats with puromycin-induced NS and control animals. Also examined was the effect of avasemibe (ACAT) inhibitor) administration, which was previously shown by us to reverse LCAT and SRB-1 deficiencies in this model. Compared to the controls, the untreated NS group exhibited marked elevation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. These abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by ACAT inhibition. The NS group showed upregulation of hepatic β chain of ATP synthase but no significant change in ABCA-1 expression. ACAT inhibition significantly increased expression of β chain of ATP synthase in both NS and control groups but had no significant effect on ABCA-1. Thus, SRB-1 deficiency in NS is accompanied by upregulation of β chain of ATP synthase. These findings point to increase catabolism (endocytosis) and reduced recycling and, hence, inefficient use of HDL in NS.
Application and Energy-Saving Analysis of Distribution Transformer with Amorphous Core

In this paper, the present operation situation of distribution transformers in rural power network and the factors hindering the popularization and application of amorphous alloy distribution transformers are analyzed. The performance and features of amorphous material, the level of production technology and application situation of amorphous alloy distribution transformers home and abroad are presented. In the aspects of annual operating cost, investment payback period, relation between efficiency and load factor as well as total owning cost (TOC), the theoretical calculation and analysis of energy-saving effect of amorphous alloy distribution transformer are conducted; to directly reflect the optimal load rate and comprehensive economy of amorphous alloy distribution transformer, the graphic charts are used to provide basis for reasonable selection of amorphous alloy distribution transformers. Several problems to be paid attention to during the ordering and adoption of amorphous alloy distribution transformers are put forward and the suggestions related to the selection of capacity and installation locale of amorphous alloy distribution transformers are given.
Conceptual Model-Based Problem Solving

Although American students are struggling with many aspects of mathematics, the National Mathematics Advisory Panel has identified “algebra as a central concern” (National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2008, p. xiii). Interestingly, American students tend to enjoy school mathematics during the early elementary grades. However, they begin to experience difficulty in and come to dislike mathematics after fourth grade when learning becomes more abstract or symbolic and involves more algebraic thinking (Cai, Lew, Morris, Moyer, Ng, & Schmittau, 2004).
Cinchonium Betaines as Efficient Catalysts for Asymmetric Proton Transfer Catalysis: The Development of a Practical Enantioselective Isomerization of Trifluoromethyl Imines

We have developed a new class of cinchonium betaine catalysts bearing both a base moiety and an aromatic moiety as an N-substituent of the quinuclidine motif. These cinchonium betaines were found to promote proton transfer catalysis with 1000–5000 turnovers per 24 h, thereby enabling us to realize highly efficient enantioselective isomerization of trifluoromethyl imines to provide a practical access to optically active trifluoromethylated amines.
Electric Field Effects on the Quantum Yields and Kinetics of Fluorescence and Transient Intermediates in Bacterial Reaction Centers

The application of external electric fields alters the rates of electron transfer reactions principally by changing the free energy of the reaction [1]. Effects can be measured directly on the kinetics and indirectly by measuring the quantum yields of intermediates. Information can also be obtained using competing processes such as emission for a photoinduced electron transfer reaction. In addition to providing information on the basic mechanism of an electron transfer reaction, the observed electric field effects can be related to the regulation of charge separation processes by the transmembrane potential.
Nonlinear control of coal-fired steam power plants

Abstract This work proposes a nonlinear control strategy for steam power plants that efficiently controls the superheated steam temperature while accommodating large and frequent variations in power demand. The variables to be controlled are the pressure in the boiler, power generation, and superheater/reheater temperatures. The proposed strategy decomposes the overall plant into three separate subsystems and applies decoupling with deadtime compensation for each one of them. The derived strategy is implemented within a MATLAB/Simulink environment for different setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection cases, showing excellent performance and robustness.
Exploring the accessibility of banking and finance systems for blind users

With the widespread use of and increasing reliance on Web-based banking and financial systems by many consumers and businesses today, it is important to ensure that banking and financial systems provide equitable and full access for individuals who are blind. There is currently little publicly available research on the topic of blind users and accessible Web-based banking and financial systems, apart from anecdotal commentary and experiences. Recognizing this lack of concrete data and the critical need to ensure equitable access to these systems, we began an exploratory study to investigate the accessibility issues within banking and financial systems. The results of our survey comprise the first formal, peer-reviewed research that documents the state of accessibility problems on banking and finance systems and provides insights and future research suggestions that could improve the user experience of these systems for individuals who are blind.
Quenching of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence by Dissolved Oxygen Reveals Selective Single-Stranded DNA Affinities

The selective interactions between short oligomers of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and specific structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been exploited in powerful methods for nanotube sorting. We report here that nanotubes coated with ssDNA also display selective interactions through the selective quenching of nanotube fluorescence by dissolved oxygen. In aqueous solutions equilibrated under 1 atm of O2, emission intensity from semiconducting nanotubes is reduced by between 9 and 40%, varying with the combination of ssDNA sequence and nanotube structure. This quenching reverses promptly and completely on the removal of dissolved O2 and may be due to physisorption on nanotube surfaces. Fluorescence quenching offers a simple, nondestructive approach for studying the structure-selective interactions of ssDNA with single-walled carbon nanotubes and identifying recognition sequences.
Key Technologies for Next-Generation Digital RoF Mobile Fronthaul With Statistical Data Compression and Multiband Modulation

As a counterpart of analog radio-over-fiber technology, digital radio-over-fiber (D-RoF) system, such as common public radio interface (CPRI), is a matured and robust solution to support RF signal delivery in traditional mobile fronthaul networks. In view of recent progresses in delta-sigma modulation, data compression, and advanced error correcting coding, the efficiency of D-RoF is significantly improved, which motivates researchers to re-evaluate the role of D-RoF in future mobile fronthaul networks to support 5G and beyond wireless communications. In this paper, we demonstrate two critical technologies to improve the transmission efficiency and flexibility of D-RoF systems. A fast-statistical-estimation based data compression algorithm is proposed to reduce the number of quantization digits in a D-RoF-based mobile fronthaul with low complexity and high quality. Combined with resampling and advanced modulation formats, data-transmission efficiency of a 25-Gbit/s D-RoF testbed is improved by around five times compared with uncompressed CPRI systems. On the other hand, we also experimentally demonstrate a point-to-multi-point (PTMP) D-RoF system with multiband modulation, which exhibits higher flexibility and better compatibility with multiple services and different radio-access technologies compared to existing schemes based on time interleaving. An experiment of 13.3-Gbit/s 4-band PTMP bidirectional D-RoF MFH is demonstrated. Combined with data compression, error free delivery of 6.4-Gbit/s 1024-QAM 5G-New-Radio-like signals is realized.
Students' analysis of multiple sources for agreements and disagreements

Students analyzed the similarities (agreements) and differences (disagreements) between a set of two sources regarding why the authors thought Chicago had become a big city. The data we discuss provide descriptive information on three aspects of students' responses: (1) the response strategies they used, (2) how they would characterize agreement and disagreement across two sources, and (3) the rhetorical form of their written responses. Students' responses for Agree were more consistent than those to Disagree and, as expected, were related to the specific sources they compared.