cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microscale temperature and velocity spectra in the atmospheric boundary layer

High-frequency fluctuations in temperature and velocity were measured at a height of 2 m above a harvested, nearly level field of rye grass. Conditions were both stably and unstably stratified. Reynolds numbers ranged from 370000 to 740000. Measurements of velocity were made with a hot-wire anemometer and measurements of temperature with a platinum resistance element which had a diameter of 0[sdot ]5 μm and a length of 1 mm. Thirteen runs ranging in length from 78 to 238 s were analysed.Spectra of velocity fluctuations are consistent with previously reported universal forms. Spectra of temperature, however, exhibit an increase in slope with increasing wavenumber as the maximum in the one-dimensional dissipation spectrum is approached. The peak of the one-dimensional dissipation spectrum for temperature fluctuations occurs at a higher wavenumber than that of simultaneous spectra of the dissipation of velocity fluctuations. It is suggested that the change in slope of the temperature spectra and the dissimilarity between temperature and velocity spectra may be due to spatial dissimilarity in the dissipation of temperature and velocity fluctuations. The temperature spectra are compared with a theoretical prediction for fluids with large Prandtl number, due to Batchelor (1959). Even though air has a Prandtl number of 0[sdot ]7, the observations are in qualitative agreement with predictions of the theory. The non-dimensional wavenumber at which the increase in slope occurs is about 0[sdot ]02, in good agreement with observations in the ocean reported by Grant et al. (1968).For the two runs for which the stratification was stable, the normalized spectra of the temperature derivative fall on average slightly below the mean of the spectra of the remaining runs in the range in which the slope is approximately one-third. Hence the Reynolds number may not have always been sufficiently high to satisfy completely the conditions for an inertial subrange.Universal inertial-subrange constants were directly evaluated from one-dimensional dissipation spectra and found to be 0[sdot ]54 and 1[sdot ]00 for velocity and temperature, respectively. The constant for velocity is consistent with previously reported values, while the value for temperature differs from some of the previous direct estimates but is only 20% greater than the mean of the indirect estimates. This discrepancy may be explained by the neglect in the indirect estimates of the divergence terms in the conservation equation for the variance of temperature fluctuations. There is weak evidence that the one-dimensional constant, and hence the temperature spectra, may depend upon the turbulence Reynolds number, which varied from 1200 to 4300 in the observations reported.
Essential Counseling Knowledge and Skills to Prepare Student Affairs Staff to Promote Emotional Wellbeing and to Intervene with Students in Distress.

AbstractThe focus on helping students transform their lives has emerged as part of the mission of many colleges and universities. Campus-based student affairs personnel contribute to this endeavor through their efforts to create a campus ecology conducive to supporting and promoting well-being and by their engagement with students in their time of need. These two types of involvement with students necessitate that graduate studies programs in student affairs educate future student affairs professionals in the knowledge base and, at times, the skill base essential to being effective in both population-focused and individual assistance. This article delineates several aspects of the counseling and health promotion knowledge base and related competencies students should acquire during their graduate program in student affairs. It divides the knowledge and skill base into activities that are primarily growth and prevention oriented and those that are focused on helping students resolve existing challenges com...
Intraocular hemorrhage after systemic thrombolytic therapy in a patient with exudative macular degeneration.

PURPOSE. To report a hemorrhagic complication from thrombolytic therapy in a patient with exudative macular degeneration CASE REPORT. A 75 year old patient with exudative macular degeneration developed pain and loss of vision in the left eye shortly after receiving tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for a myocardial infarction. Examination revealed the patient to be in angle closure. A CT scan revealed the etiology of the angle closure to be a dense vitreous hemorrhage pushing the iris-lens diaphragm forward. Intraocular pressure was treated successfully, but the final visual acuity was only light perception CONCLUSIONS. Thrombolytic therapy can lead to devastating intraocular hemorrhages. The presence of exudative macular degeneration may potentially increase the risk of developing such complications.
MedLink: a mobile intervention to address failure points in the treatment of depression in general medicine

Major depression is common, and imposes a high burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and suffering. Most people with depression are treated in general medicine using antidepressant medication. Outcomes are poor due to failure points across the care system, including patient non-adherence, failure of physicians to optimize the treatment regimens, and lack of patient-physician communication. This study reports on the 4-week pilot deployment of MedLink, a mobile intervention aimed at systemically addressing each of these failure points. A mobile app provides the patient with information and collects data on symptoms and side-effects. A cellularly enabled pill bottle monitors medication adherence. Data from these are provided to the physician and patient to foster communication and medication adjustments. Usability evaluation was generally favorable. Medication adherence rates in this first deployment were high with no patients discontinuing, and 84% of doses taken. Depressive symptom severity was significantly reduced. This study supports the use of a comprehensive, systemic approach to mHealth solutions to enhance processes of care for depression by general medicine physicians.
Exonic deletion of SLC9A9 in autism with epilepsy

Genes encoding proteins critical for intracellular vesicular transport are an emerging area of importance for neurologists. In particular, proteins that create and maintain the correct compartmental pH, such as the endosomal Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHEs), have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases, including cardiovascular, inflammatory bowel, renal, and neurologic disorders, which demonstrates the critical cellular function of these proteins.(1-3) Two NHEs, NHE6 and NHE9, have been linked to neurologic disorders in children.(4) Pathologic variants in SLC9A6 encoding NHE6 cause an Angelman-like disorder called Christianson syndrome. Fewer variants have been described in SLC9A9 encoding NHE9, but individuals carrying these variants have been diagnosed with neurologic disorders ranging from autism to epilepsy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The majority of described variants are missense, resulting in amino acid substitutions, making it difficult to determine their functional consequence.(4).
The rhetorical power of death and possessions in Luke’s Gospel:

Luke’s Gospel displays a thorough and keen interest in the interplay of death and possessions. Although much attention has been paid to the role of wealth and possessions in Luke, hardly any studie...
Microstructural Characterization of Low Temperature GaAs(111)B MBE Growth by AFM and Tem

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images are correlated with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) plan-view images in a structure consisting of oriented GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 500°C. We present results on the applicability of AFM, which requires short sample preparation and imaging time relative to TEM, in obtaining information on twin density and growth pits of these low temperature samples. Also, we discuss the behavior of twin boundaries by comparing plan-views and cross sectional TEM images.
Multimodal Time Delays in the Photoplasticity of Mercury Cadmium Telluride

The plastic response of deforming crystals of mercury cadmium telluride to light occurs with a time delay that depends on wavelength, temperature, and bias voltage. The time delay exhibits a temperature dependence which increases as the temperature is lowered, andis approximately 60 seconds at 20°C. A detailed examination of a number of measurements of the time delay at constant temperature reveals that the time delay falls into one of four separate peaks. These peaks shift with temperature with an overall activation energy of approximately 0.2 eV. Furthermore, the photoplastic responses of a given crystal indicate that softening is observed roughly 40% of the time and hardening the remaining 60%. It has also been observed that the relative positions of the time delay peaks can be markedly affected by a static bias voltage. A model which explains these observations involves the coulombic interaction of charged point defects with jogs on dislocations. The model predicts four separate time delay peaks as well as the correct ratio of hardening to softening.
Effect of Simulated Grasshopper Grazing on CO2 Exchange Rates of Western Wheatgrass Leaves

Single, intact, fully-expanded leaves of western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii Rydb., were mechanically damaged to simulate grasshopper feeding. When 4 cm long notches (ca. 25% of the leaf area) were removed from the base and tip of the blade, net photosynthetic rate (PN) per unit of remaining tissue was reduced by 31% within 1 h and remained at ca. this level over the next 6 days. Photorespiration (Rp) and dark respiration (RD) were unaffected by this treatment. Similar PN reductions occurred when a single notch was removed from the base of the leaf or when the top ⅓ of the blade was severed. Removal of a single notch from the tip end of the blade had little impact on PN. The immediate reduction in PN following simulated grazing does not appear to be related to a disruption in water supply to the tissue above the damaged area.
Characterization of a membrane-associated ATPase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

SummaryThe cell membrane-bound ATP-ase of P. aeruginosa was characterized. It was optimally activated by Mg2+ and suboptimally activated by other divalent cations (e.g., Mn2+; Ca2+, or Zn2+) at pH 9. It was not stimulated by Na+ or K+. Concentrations of divalent cations higher than those required for optimal activation of the ATPase were inhibitory. The ATPase had greatest activity against ATP. Other purine nucleotide triphosphates were hydrolyzed by the ATPase at 30% of the rate of ATP. The ATPase had little or no activity against the pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates or against ADP. The products of ATP hydrolysis were ADP and inorganic phosphate. No phosphatase or pyrophosphatase activity was detected. The ATPase was not inhibited by ouabain, oligomycin, iodoacetic acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol, Atabrine or KCN. It was strongly inhibited by NaN3, β-chloromercuribenzoic acid (CMB) and ADP and it was weakly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), AMP, and KF. The inhibition by CMB and NEM was reversed by 2-merca...
Kennedy-Hendricks et al. Respond

A response by Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, Matthew Richey and Emma E. McGinty to a letter to the editor about their article "Opioid overdose deaths and Florida's crackdown on pill mills" in a 2016 issue is presented.
Analysis on serological testing for brucellosis in particular occupational populations of animal husbandry in Cixi city from 2005 to 2008

Objective To investigate the status and tendency of human brucellosis and its epidemiological patterns in Cixi city from 2005 to 2008.Methods Rose bengal plate test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT) were employed in the detection of brucellosis in the serum samples of high-risk exposure groups associated with transaction,butcher,cultivation,milking and livestock products of animal husbandry in Cixi city.Results A total of 1 353 high-risk subjects were examined with RBPT,the positive rate being 1.33% (18/1 353).This 18 samples were further detected with SAT and the positive rate was 55.56%.Eight were newly emerged cases who contacted with ill or dead sheep.The main seasons of onset were winter and early spring,and the most suffered was young and middle males of age 25～55.Conclusion The strict system for animal husbandry quarantine should be established in time,while the propaganda education of prevention and treatment of brucellosis should be strengthened in order to control the epidemic of brucellosis.
PLASMA LEVELS OF GLYCOL METABOLITES AND PRESYNAPTIC METABOLISM OF NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)

Rat plasma levels of free and conjugated dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and its 3-methoxy derivative (MHPG) were determined by a newly developed GC-MS method. Stress and direct stimulation of sympathetic outflow evoked striking increases in DHPG and MHPG. Pretreatment with desmethylimipramine enhanced the increase in plasma levels of NE but diminished the increments in the deaminated compounds, indicating their presynaptic origin. The time course and implications of the changes in plasma levels of NE and its deaminated metabolites will be discussed.
Practical Surgery in the Seventeenth and Eigtheenth Centuries

In the two preceding chapters we have presented a social history of surgery in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, particularly although not exclusively concerned with the Netherlands. These were illustrated with representive features of works by the surgical authors whom we discussed.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy dysregulates proliferation and differentiation of human pre-adipocytes.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy dysregulates proliferation and differentiation of human pre-adipocytes
Transient Leakages of Gate Oxide Due to Charge Traps and Phosphorus Contaminants Induced During Gate Oxidation Processing

Two types of transient leakages in gate oxide due to charge traps and phosphorus contaminants induced during gate oxidation processing have been extensively examined. The reliability of gate oxide grown from a corroded silicon surface was degraded by the existence of charge traps locally on the pitted spots, resulting in irregularly transient leakages and early breakdowns. The regular transiency of leakages specifically within ${p}$ -type gate oxide has been elucidated for the first time in connection with the excessive phosphorus contaminants as a constant source of defects at gate oxidation. By avoiding silicon surface corrosion or significant build-up of phosphorus contaminants, the gate oxide defects causing transient leakages have been eliminated and process robustness has been improved.
The Political Burden of Sparseland Development: Some International Consistencies

A glance at a world map of population density reveals the presence of large expanses of very lightly populated territory (e.g., where densities are commonly below one person km-2). Such areas are here referred to as ‘sparselands’, peripheral regions of substantial expanse characterized by: (1) restrictive physical environments, (2) an emphasis on primary economic activities, (3) small populations and discontinuous settlement patterns, (4) remoteness, (5) the presence of indigenous peoples as an important element in the local population, and (6) a frequent dependence on government to subsidize many essential public services. Nations with large tracts of sparseland territory include the Soviet Union, Mongolia, China, several Arab states, Australia, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and others.
TCT-644 Clinical Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients With Deferred PCI Based on Non-ischemic Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) Values

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for determining hemodynamic significance and thus the ischemic potential of an intermediate grade coronary stenosis (ICS). Current literature supports deferring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD)
Imagination in New Venture Ideation

Scholars agree that imagination plays an important role in the entrepreneurship process, yet there is little theoretical understanding of when, where, why, and how it plays a role. I fill this gap ...
Wearing your arm on your sleeve: Studying usage contexts for a wearable robotic forearm

This paper presents the design of a wearable robotic forearm that provides the user with an assistive third hand, along with a study of interaction scenarios for the design. Technical advances in sensors, actuators, and materials have made wearable robots feasible for personal use, but the interaction with such robots has not been sufficiently studied. We describe the development of a working prototype along with three usability studies. In an online survey we find that respondents presented with images and descriptions of the device see its use mainly as a functional tool in professional and military contexts. A subsequent contextual inquiry among building construction workers reveals three themes for user needs: extending a worker's reach, enhancing their safety and comfort through bracing and stabilization, and reducing their cognitive load in repetitive tasks. A subsequent laboratry study in which participants wear a working prototype of the robot finds that they prioritize lowered weight and enhanced dexterity, seek adjustable autonomy and transparency of the robot's intent, and prefer a robot that looks distinct from a human arm. These studies inform design implications for further development of wearable robotic arms.
Politics, ecology, and the new anthropology of energy: exploring the emerging frontiers of hydraulic fracking

This article reviews recent literature relevant to the ongoing shale gas boom and introduces the Journal of Political Ecology's Special Section on hydraulic fracking. We highlight the need for ethnographic studies of the tumultuous social and physical transformations resulting from, and produced by, an unfolding frontier of energy production that unsettles social, economic, and ecological landscapes. We examine how intercommunity connections are vital to recognizing the shared structural conditions produced by the oil and gas industry's expansion, through examining the roles played by the oil field services industry, the sequestration of information and agnotology (the deliberate production of ignorance), divide and conquer tactics, and shared experiences of risk and embodied effects. Summarizing the contributions of the five articles included in the Special Section, we offer recommendations for further inquiry. We examine how social science studies of hydraulic fracking are producing new and innovative methodologies for developing participatory academic and community research projects. Key words: digital media, embodiment, energy, hydraulic fracturing, oil field services industry, shale gas
Prospective assessment of patient-reported outcomes in gynecologic cancer patients before and after pelvic exenteration.

Abstract Objective Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a surgical procedure associated with significant morbidity offered to select women with locally advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancers. This ongoing study examines an array of patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction with PE. Methods Since February 2009, prospectively enrolled participants completed questionnaires evaluating body image (BIS), depression (CESD), social support (DUFSS), symptoms (MDASI), sexual function (SAQ), functional status (SF-12), quality of life (The Stoma-QOL), satisfaction with decision (SWD) and an investigator-designed survey at baseline, 6, and 12months after PE. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to evaluate the data. Results Fifty-four women enrolled. Median age was 56years (31, 85). Median BMI was 30.7kg/m 2 (16.8, 54.4). The majority of patients (78%) were white. Cancer diagnoses included 41% cervix, 22% uterus, 19% vagina, 17% vulva and 2% ovary. Most surgeries were total PEs (76%). Patients were satisfied with their decision to undergo PE at 6 and 12months. One year after exenteration, 79% of women stated they would have a PE again. Sexual pleasure decreased from baseline to 12months after PE ( p =0.02), while sexual discomfort remained unchanged ( p =0.42). Body image worsened over time ( p =0.003). Physical functioning (SF-12) declined ( p =0.001), while mental functioning remained stable ( p =0.46). There were no significant changes in stoma-related QOL, social support, or depression scores. Conclusions Despite a decrease in physical functioning, persistent low body image and sexual pleasure, most women were satisfied with their decision and would undergo pelvic exenteration again. This study identifies survivorship issues that should be addressed after PE.
Decision Making for Diagnosis and Management: Algorithms from Experts for Molecular Testing

Cases are presented in light of the current diagnostic and therapeutic trends in management of thyroid nodules and well-differentiated cancers. Demographic, historical, and population-based risk factors are used to risk stratify cases. Ultrasonographic features and other imaging are discussed with regard to appropriateness of utilization and impact on management. The role of traditional cytologic and histopathologic analysis with fine-needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen sections is discussed, including diagnostic nuances and limitations. The emerging role of biomarkers such as Braf are evaluated regarding their role in contemporary assessment of thyroid nodules by reviewing practical cases.
Comparative Actions of a New Series of Myotropic Peptides on the Visceral Muscles of an Insect

For more than 30 years it has been known that the corpus cardiacum (CC) of insects contains substances that stimulate the contraction of visceral muscle (Cameron, 1953). Moreover, Brown (1965) demonstrated that at least two of these factors were peptides and in 1984 the structure of two cardioaccelerator peptides found in that neurodocrine organ were announced (Scarborough et al., 1984; Witten et al., 1984). Three years ago we presented evidence for at least six additional myotropic peptides in head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. We now report the structure and comparative actions for members of a new family of cephalomyotropic peptides.
Cognitive Function and Reproductive Hormones in Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Critical Review

Deterioration in cognitive function-particularly learning, memory, and attention-has been reported by women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Deficits in cognitive function reported by women with breast cancer are similar to those experienced by women as a consequence of natural or surgical menopause. The basis of these deteriorations may include reductions in reproductive hormone levels, particularly estrogens and progesterones, that occur as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy. This paper critically examines the literature related to the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and reproductive hormone changes on cognitive function in women with breast cancer and suggests direction for future research in this area. The paper proposes a framework for investigation of the problem and discusses the challenges associated with the conduct of this research.
Photoinduced heat conversion enhancement of metallic glass nanowire arrays

Materials with high photo-thermal efficiency are essential in a wide variety of applications from medicine to renewable energy. Photo-thermal materials effectively absorb and convert light into heat. Nanostructures have proven to enhance absorption and heat retention owing to their large surface areas and restricted heat pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the optical absorption and heat conversion in near-infrared can be enhanced by using metallic glass nanowires whose geometry can be readily tailored through thermoplastic molding. Infrared thermography measurements and heat transport simulations reveal that the photoinduced temperature rise can be amplified by increasing the length of nanowires and decreasing the thickness of the supporting substrate. A temperature above 500 °C can be rapidly achieved to induce a controlled phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline state in metallic glass nanowires, while maintaining their geometrical integrity. Photoinduced temperature rise can be used in optical ignition applications as demonstrated by an example of thermite powder.Materials with high photo-thermal efficiency are essential in a wide variety of applications from medicine to renewable energy. Photo-thermal materials effectively absorb and convert light into heat. Nanostructures have proven to enhance absorption and heat retention owing to their large surface areas and restricted heat pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the optical absorption and heat conversion in near-infrared can be enhanced by using metallic glass nanowires whose geometry can be readily tailored through thermoplastic molding. Infrared thermography measurements and heat transport simulations reveal that the photoinduced temperature rise can be amplified by increasing the length of nanowires and decreasing the thickness of the supporting substrate. A temperature above 500 °C can be rapidly achieved to induce a controlled phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline state in metallic glass nanowires, while maintaining their geometrical integrity. Photoinduced temperature rise can be used in opti...
Improving the quality of patient care through a collaborative maintenance of certification and next accreditation system project.

e17728 Background: The recent implementation of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) next accreditation system (NAS) for resident physicians, and the mandatory American B...
Synthetic Estimation: A Novel Approach to Understanding Need Among Adults With Visual Impairment (VI)

Date Presented 04/04/19 This study aimed to use a novel data-collection method to characterize the existing low-vision service delivery system and calculate the prevalence rate of VI within Massachusetts. Existing services were identified and mapped. Synthetic estimation was used to make estimates of the prevalence of VI of the 351 towns in Massachusetts, using national estimates of VI and town-level census data. Data were then used to identify gaps and prioritize need and could be applied to other states with other populations. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer Kaldenberg
Predictors of Relapse after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation (Haplo-HCT); A Single-Institution Experience

Background Haplo-HCT emerged as a reliable option for patients with high risk hematological malignancies with no HLA-matched related or unrelated donors available. Retrospective registry data suggest comparable outcomes to HLA-matched donors; however, relatively little is known regarding predictors of disease relapse following haplo-HCT. We hypothesize that attainment of full-donor CD3 and CD33 chimerism at day 30 (D30) and 100 (D100) is associated with lower incidence of relapse after haplo-HCT. Methods We undertook a retrospective analysis of 78 patients who underwent haplo-HCT at the Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital between January 2013 and December 2017. The associations between patient characteristics including CD3/CD33 donor chimerisms and the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of relapse were evaluated using proportional sub-distribution hazards model, treating death without relapse as the competing risk. The models were built adopting a landmark analysis approach at D30 and D100. Progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. Results Median age at haplo-HCT was 56 (20-74) years and 68% were males. 50% had acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, and 54% had intermediate disease risk index (DRI). Most patients (85%) received reduced-intensity conditioning and 50% received bone marrow (BM) grafts. Complete (100%) CD3 donor chimerism was observed in 63 (84%) patients at D30, and subsequently 59 (95%) patients at D100. Complete CD33 donor chimerism was observed in 67 (89%) patients at D30, and subsequently 56 (88%) patients at D100. In univariable D30 landmark analysis, the CIR of relapse was significantly lower in patients who achieved complete CD3 (and CD33) chimerism compared with patients with less than complete chimerism (Figure 1A; p Conclusions Complete CD3 and CD33 donor chimerisms at D30 and D100 predict a patient's risk for relapse following haplo-HCT. We observed a strong association between CD3 chimeric status at D30 with DRI, as well suggestive that high risk disease may be associated with impaired immune reconstitution after transplant and perhaps a less robust graft vs disease effect.
Legal requirements and recommendations to prescribe naloxone.

Abstract Background The continued toll of opioid-related overdoses has motivated efforts to expand availability of naloxone to persons at high risk of overdose, with 2016 federal guidance encouraging clinicians to co-prescribe naloxone to patients with increased overdose risk. Some states have pursued analogous or stricter legal requirements that could more heavily influence prescriber behavior. Methods We conducted a systematic legal review of state laws that mandate or recommend that healthcare providers prescribe naloxone to patients with indicators for opioid overdose risk. We coded relevant statutes and regulations for: applicable populations, patient criteria, educational requirements, and exemptions. Results As of September 2019, 17 states had enacted naloxone co-prescribing laws, the earliest of which was implemented by Louisiana in January 2016. If patient overdose risk criteria are met, over half of these states mandate that providers prescribe naloxone (7 states, 41.1 %) or offer a naloxone prescription (2 states, 11.8 %); the remainder encourage prescribers to consider prescribing naloxone (8 states). Most states (58.8 %) define patient overdose risk based on opioid dosages prescribed, although the threshold varies substantially; other common overdose risk criteria include concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions and patient history of substance use disorder or mental illness. Conclusions A growing minority of states has adopted a naloxone prescribing law, although these policies remain less prevalent than other naloxone access laws. By targeting higher-risk patients during clinical encounters, naloxone prescribing requirements could increase naloxone prescribed, destigmatize naloxone use, and reduce overdose harms. Further investigation into policy effectiveness, unintended consequences, and appropriate parameters is warranted.
Unboxing the Causal Effect of Ratings on Product Demand: Evidence from Wayfair.Com

I estimate the causal effect of increasing displayed product ratings by a half star on Wayfair.com to be a five percent increase in demand for products. This increase is driven by an increase in sales, not a change in price. Products with more ratings or that are sold by lesser known brands see a large effect of star ratings on orders, while products with fewer ratings or that are sold by well known brands see no effect of ratings on orders. Furthermore, I find the causal effect of ratings to be heterogeneous across products with different ratings — with the highest rated products seeing the largest benefit to having a marginally higher rating — but not across customers with varying degrees of experience purchasing products from the site. This heterogeneity in demand effects shows that the benefits of higher ratings are not equivalent across old and new products and sellers, indicating potential policy responses by e-commerce sites.
Advancing Women in Construction: Gender Differences in Attraction and Retention Factors with Managers in the Electrical Construction Industry

AbstractRepresenting half of the workforce, women have been consistently underrepresented in the construction industry. Unlike other fields that have improved upon the lack of diversity, constructi...
Implementation of the First US Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax in Berkeley, CA, 2015-2019.

Objectives. To identify lessons learned from implementation of the nation’s first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise tax in 2015 in Berkeley, California.Methods. We interviewed city stakeholders...
Multi-observable reputation scoring system for flagging suspicious user sessions

Abstract Conventionally, network and cloud infrastructure security is handled by firewalls which monitor traffic and block malicious access by matching certain observables, e.g., IP, and DNS, to blacklisted entries in intelligence databases. Therefore, such an approach fails to deal with emerging threats that utilize unclassified observables, and to report suspicious activities of individual users. In this paper we propose MuSeR, a novel approach to assign reputation scores for observables, even when no prior information is available, and flag suspicious sessions by conducting inter-observable analysis of user requests. In essence, MuSeR opts to assist network and cloud administrators mitigate attacks while avoiding unwarranted blocking of benign access. MuSeR achieves such an objective by associating session reputation scores based on the trustworthiness of the user navigation pattern, and conducting dynamic analysis of individual observables involved within requests. Specifically, MuSeR employs a new machine learning model for classifying observables using features specifically chosen to factor in evidence provided by blacklists, and access patterns of known attacks. To determine a request score, MuSeR maps the classifier probabilities to adaptive subjective logic and then uses multinomial fusion to leverage evidence from the different observables. Given the request scores, MuSeR further promotes a novel session reputation scoring model that uses three-valued subjective logic to handle trust propagation and aggregation over user requests. The effectiveness ofMuSeR is validated using a large dataset obtained from popular databases such as WHOIS, CYMUS, and passive DNS databases.
Value Invariabilism and Two Distinctions in Value

Following Moore, value invariabilists deny that the intrinsic value of something can be affected by features extrinsic to it. The primary focuses of this paper are (i) to examine the invariabilistic thesis and expand upon how we ought to understand it, in light of contemporary axiological distinctions, and (ii) to argue that distinguishing between different kinds of invariabilism provides resources to undermine a prominent argument against variabilism. First, I use two contemporary axiological distinctions to clarify what kind of value the invariabilism debate concerns (final value). Then I show how the distinction between personal value and value simpliciter reveals different variabilistic theses, depending on what type of final value one thinks may be affected by extrinsic features. Using this insight, I challenge an argument for final value simpliciter invariabilism. Variabilists offer the example of the vicious being pleased as a counterexample to the claim that pleasure’s final value is invariant to contextual changes. The argument that I examine purports to show that this case actually supports invariabilism about pleasure’s final value simpliciter, because the best explanation for why the vicious being pleased is a fitting object of indignation is that the vicious person’s pleasure is finally valuable simpliciter. I argue that this argument fails because the vicious person’s pleasure being finally personally good for them better explains why an attitude of indignation is fitting. I address two objections and conclude with remarks about how my results might inform future research on value invariabilism.
Higher order compulsivity versus grooming dimensions as treatment targets for the DSM‐5 obsessive–compulsive and related disorders

Background Transdiagnostic definitions of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) may represent useful treatment targets. The current study sought to characterize higher order dimensions underpinning the OCRDs in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition, and examine their course during treatment. Methods Adult patients (N = 407) completed measures of OCRDs, depression, and worry before and after intensive/residential treatment for OCRDs. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the comorbidity structure and temporal course of the symptoms. Results Covariation of the symptoms was best represented by three dimensions: distress (depression and worry), compulsivity (obsessive-compulsive disorder, hoarding, and body dysmorphia), and grooming (hair pulling and skin picking). Latent change score modeling revealed significant reduction in the means of all three dimensions across treatment (Cohen's ds = -1.04, -0.62, and -0.23 for distress, compulsivity, and grooming, respectively). There was a strong correlation between change in compulsivity and grooming (r = .67) and change in compulsivity and distress (r = .80), but a small correlation between change in grooming and distress (r = .35). Conclusions The results indicate that OCRDs are underpinned by higher order compulsivity and grooming dimensions that differ in their association with distress. The results further suggest that the two dimensions may reflect promising intervention targets suitable for transdiagnostic treatment protocols.
Transient Analysis of Energy Harvester for UHF Wireless Applications

In this letter, a detailed transient analysis is performed on a modified Dickson charge pump (CP) circuit, widely used as an energy harvester in radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor tags at ultrahigh frequency (UHF). An analytical model was developed and experimentally validated to capture the transient response of a multistage CP circuit at arbitrary capacitive and resistive load. The detailed analysis addresses the effect of stage number and matching network on steady-state dc voltage, efficiency, and charging rise time. The analysis shows that the steady-state voltage varies in proportionate to $\sqrt {n}$ and the rise time varies in proportionate to $n$ at no load condition, where $n$ is the number of stages.
A Brief Early Childhood Screening Tool for Psychopathology Risk in Primary Care: The Moderating Role of Poverty

Objectives To evaluate the Preschool Feeling Checklist (PFC) utility for predicting later mental disorders and functioning for children and assess whether the PFC's predictive utility differs as a function of childhood poverty. Study design We analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study of preschoolers in St Louis. Preschoolers (N = 287) were recruited from primary care sites and were assessed annually for 10-15 years. The PFC screened for depressive symptoms. Later age-appropriate psychiatric diagnostic interviews were used to derive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, diagnoses. Regression and moderation analyses, and multilevel modeling were used to test the association between the PFC and later outcomes, and whether this relationship was moderated by income-to-needs. Results The PFC predicted major depressive disorder (OR 1.13, P Conclusions The PFC served as an indicator of risk for later attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impairment in all children. It has predictive utility for later mood disorders only in children living above the poverty line. Predicting depression in children living below the poverty line may require consideration of risk factors not covered by the PFC.
Paradoxical excitation of lateral habenula neurons by propofol involves enhanced presynaptic release of glutamate

Sleep is a fundamental physiological process conserved across most species. As such, deficits in sleep can result in a myriad of psychological and physical health issues. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of sleep are relatively unknown. Interestingly, general anesthetics cause unconsciousness by positively modulating GABA-A receptors (GABAARs). Based on this observation, it is hypothesized that GABAARs play a critical role in modulating circuits involved in sleep to promote unconsciousness. Recently, the lateral habenula (LHb) has been demonstrated to play a role in sleep physiology and sedation. Specifically, propofol has been shown to excite LHb neurons to promote sedation. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Here, we utilize whole-cell voltage and current clamp recordings from LHb neurons obtained from 8-10 week old male mice to determine the physiological mechanisms for this phenomenon. We show that bath application of 1.5μM propofol is sufficient to increase LHb neuronal excitability involving synaptic transmission, but not through modulation of intrinsic properties. Additionally, although there is increased LHb neuronal excitability, GABAARs localized postsynaptically on LHb neurons are still responsive to propofol, as indicated by an increase in the decay time. Lastly, we find that propofol increases the synaptic drive onto LHb neurons involving enhanced presynaptic release of both glutamate and GABA. However, the greatest contributor to the potentiated synaptic drive is the increased release of glutamate which shifts the balance of synaptic transmission towards greater excitation. Taken together, this study is the first to identify the physiological basis for why LHb neurons are excited by propofol, rather than inhibited, and as a result promote sedation.
Socialism on display: the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Pavilions at the 1958 Brussels world's fair

The 1958 Universal and International Exposition in Brussels--or EXPO '58, as it became commonly known--was the first "world's fair" in almost twenty years. It was envisioned as a showcase of cooperation between nations and a record of humanity's social progress and technological innovation in the years since the immense destruction of World War II. Yet despite great optimism, EXPO '58's lofty goals were diminished by politics. In a scene similar to 1937, when the pavilions of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany faced off across the concourse at the Trocadero in Paris, the large pavilions of the United States and the Soviet Union dominated the central plaza on the fairgrounds in Brussels, reflecting a new global Cold War paradigm. In contrast to 1937, however, the Soviet Union was no longer the sole socialist state, but the leader of an international bloc that physically and ideologically confronted the trans-Atlantic alliance of Western liberal democracies at the fair. In addition, a third major grouping was in the making: the recently decolonized and rapidly modernizing Third World, gathering around the Non-Aligned Movement.
A robust adaptive estimator of rate for cardiac arrhythmia detection

A robust adaptive algorithm for rate estimation is proposed for use with implantable cardioversion/defibrillation devices. The algorithm consists of a two-stage processor employing outlier detection and removal followed by an adaptive trimmed mean filtering operation. Outliers are detected by comparing raw values with the median absolute deviation (MAD). The residual data are subjected to a trimmed mean filter, where the trimming parameter is adapted according to a local measure of tail behavior. The algorithm is tested using both simulated data from known distributions and experimental data. The authors' result indicate significant reductions in mean-squared estimation error when compared to averaging and other simple estimators, and a performance that is close to the minimum mean-squared error corresponding to the fixed optimal estimator, but without prior knowledge of the data distribution. >
An empirical evaluation of a sanction continuum

Abstract It has become evident that providing a continuum of community correctional sanctions may be as important as the very existence of such sanctions at all. Too often sentencing judges are limited to the use of one or two correctional options in addition to incarceration, even on the juvenile level. This article presents an in-depth analysis of a medium-sized midwestern county’s use of several different community correctional sanctions, which provide a multistaged continuum in the juvenile justice system. The logistic statistical analyses indicate what the significant predictors were at each decision point.
Performance evaluation and population reduction for a self adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (SAHGA)

This paper examines the effects of local search on hybrid genetic algorithm performance and population sizing. It compares the performance of a self-adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (SAHGA) to a non-adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (NAHGA) and the simple genetic algorithm (SGA) on eight different test functions, including unimodal, multimodal and constrained optimization problems. The results show that the hybrid genetic algorithm substantially reduces required population sizes because of the reduction in population variance. The adaptive nature of the SAHGA algorithm together with the reduction in population size allow for faster solution of the test problems without sacrificing solution quality.
Analysis of Carbon Tax as an Incentive Toward Building Sustainable Grid with Renewable Energy Utilization

This study presents an analysis of technical and financial viability of hybrid grid/Renewable Energy System (RES) configurations for a neighborhood in Miami. Assessment criteria comprised reduction in net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and greenhouse gases (GHG). Mat lab® Simulink and the RES software HOMER were utilized as the assessment tool. The modeling is performed based on hourly load data of Miami, south east coast of the USA. Grid connection is required to provide the energy backup and as well to commercialize the system. This research analyses cost efficacy to encourage use of renewable energies, specifically, wind and solar. For this purpose, an evaluation of the Co2 tax level of cost effectiveness of the system is also conducted. Outcomes demonstrate that there is remarkable potential of Co2 mitigation along with COE reduction and sustainable and resilient energy development from employing RES. The results show that there are enough prospects for renewable based DG generation in existence of appropriate policy allocation for GHG emission penalties and Market Price Referent (MPR). Thither is a considerable quantity of literature available on renewable incentives. The focus of the experimental studies is mostly on the comparison of the different supporting action plans and in their advantage to promote the utilization of renewable technologies but not on their cost to reduce Co2 emissions.
The role of coherent structures in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

Long-term self-similar behavior is exhibited in high-resolution numerical solutions of decaying turbulent two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics. Random initial conditions produce coherent structures which dominate the fluid dynamics. During the self-similar evolution, current monopoles (magnetic vortices) with an accompanying vorticity distribution (which is axisymmetric but not necessarily monotonic) emerge spontaneously. Thin current and vorticity sheets are created as a result of close encounters between the vortices. The sheets are sites of current enstrophy production, conversion into kinetic enstrophy, and dissipation, all of which maintain constant ratios but which produce no net change in the total enstrophy. The chief mechanism for removal of enstrophy is the disappearance of magnetic vortices during coalescence.
Robust Real-Time Local Laser Scanner Registration with Uncertainty Estimation

We present a fast, robust method for registering successive laser rangefinder scans. Correspondences between the current scan and previous scans are determined. Gaussian uncertainties of the correspondences are generated from the data, and are used to fuse the data together into a unified egomotion estimate using a Kalman process. Robustness is increased by using a RANSAC variant to avoid invalid point correspondences. The algorithm is very fast; computational and memory requirements are O(n log n) where n is the number of points in a scan. Additionally, a covariance suitable for use in SLAM and filter techniques is cogenerated with the egomotion estimate. Results in large indoor environments are presented.