cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of marine isocyanoterpenoids in sponges

Abstract 1. 1. Doubly labeled cyanide ( 13 C 15 N), and [ 14 C]cyanide were incorporated intact by the sponge Ciocalypta sp. into the isocyano group of the pupukeananes ( 6 and 7 ) and [ 14 C]cyanide into kalihinol-F isolated from Acanthella sp., thereby extending an earlier observation of [ 14 C]cyanide uptake by Amphimedon sp. into diisocyanoadociane. 2. 2. Low or no incorporation of several labeled amino acids may suggest specificity of certain amino acids, as yet unknown, to form cyanide. 3. 3. The uptake of cyanide ion by sponges appears to be enzyme-mediated. In the case of the kalihinols ( 9, 10 ) and isokalihinols carbocation-like intermediates are plausible. 4. 4. Labeled terpene precursors are perhaps used competitively by symbionts to produce carotenoids rather than being incorporated into isocyanoterpenoids, e.g. diisocyanoadociane, in Amphimedon sp.
The influence of inertia on contract design: contingency planning in information technology service contracts

This paper examines whether the prior relationship between two firms produces an inertial drag that influences contracts used for subsequent exchanges. Using data from the information technology services industry, we examine whether inertia develops during the relationship between firms in how they plan for contingencies. While attributes of the current exchange do play a role, we find that the prior relationship between the firms has a constricting effect on future contracts. Prior relationships can create what we call interorganizational inertia, which leads firms to use the same level of contingency planning in current exchanges that they used in prior contracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplierless multiple constant multiplication

A variable can be multiplied by a given set of fixed-point constants using a multiplier block that consists exclusively of additions, subtractions, and shifts. The generation of a multiplier block from the set of constants is known as the multiple constant multiplication (MCM) problem. Finding the optimal solution, namely, the one with the fewest number of additions and subtractions, is known to be NP-complete. We propose a new algorithm for the MCM problem, which produces solutions that require up to 20p less additions and subtractions than the best previously known algorithm. At the same time our algorithm, in contrast to the closest competing algorithm, is not limited by the constant bitwidths. We present our algorithm using a unifying formal framework for the best, graph-based MCM algorithms and provide a detailed runtime analysis and experimental evaluation. We show that our algorithm can handle problem sizes as large as 100 32-bit constants in a time acceptable for most applications. The implementation of the new algorithm is available at www.spiral.net.
Simultaneous monitoring of organic acids and sugars in fresh and processed apple juice by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.

A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemometrics was used as a screening tool for the determination of sugars and organic acids such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, citric acid, and malic acid in processed commercial and extracted fresh apple juices. Prepared samples of synthetic apple juice in different constituent concentration ranges were scanned by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory and the spectral region in the range between 950 and 1500 cm-1 was selected for calibration model development using partial least squares (PLS) regression and principal component regression (PCR). The calibration models were successfully validated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements against several commercial juice varieties as well as juice extracted from different apple varieties to provide an overall R2 correlation of 0.998. The present study demonstrates that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy could be used for rapid and nondestructive determination of multiple constituents in commercial and fresh apple juices. Results indicate this approach to be a rapid and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of multiple constituents in a fruit juice production facility.
Resonance Energy Transfer Between Luminescent Quantum Dots and Diverse Fluorescent Protein Acceptors.

We characterized the resonance energy transfer interactions for conjugates consisting of QD donors self-assembled with three distinct fluorescent protein acceptors: two monomeric fluorescent proteins, the dsRed derivative mCherry or yellow fluorescent protein and the multi-chromophore b-phycoerythrin light harvesting complex. Using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, we showed that nonradiative transfer of excitation energy in these conjugates can be described within the Forster dipole-dipole formalism, with transfer efficiencies that vary with the degree of spectral overlap, donor-acceptor separation distance and the number of acceptors per QD. Comparison between the quenching data and simulation of the conjugate structures indicated that while energy transfer to monomeric proteins was identical to what was measured for QD-dye pairs, interactions with b-phycoerythrin were more complex. For the latter, the overall transfer efficiency results from the cumulative contribution of individual channels between the central QD and the chromophores distributed throughout the protein structure. Due to the biocompatible nature of fluorescent proteins, these QD-assemblies may have great potential for use in intracellular imaging and sensing.
Troglitazone and tumor inhibition: an evolving concept in the management of systemic malignancies

The recent article by An et al. [1] provided for highly stimulating reading. Interestingly, recent data suggests that troglitazone may attenuate tumor growth in a number of systemic malignancies besides accentuating the radio-sensitivity of cervical carcinomas. For instance, troglitazone attenuates tumor growth in gastric malignancies. It mediates this role by modulating the early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) pathway. It accentuates nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 (NAG-1) expression within the cancerous cells [2]. As a result it augments intra-tumoral apoptosis within the gastric carcinomas. These effects are time dependent. Similar effects have been seen in colon carcinomas; it mediates this role by accentuating nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inactivation via attenuation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activity within the tumor cells. Intra-tumoral Bax levels are accentuated. As a result apoptosis is markedly augmented [3]. Cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 levels are attenuated. G0/G1 phase arrest is typically seen. Caspase-9 levels are typically accentuated. Troglitazone also decreases FLIP activity and thereby increase the sensitivity of the colon cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis [4]. The anti-neoplastic activity of troglitazone is augmented by loss of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) [5]. Similarly, troglitazone decreases tumor growth in breast cancers. It mediates this role by attenuating human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression within the mammary malignancies [6]. Telomerase activity is markedly reduced. Cdk2 and Cdk4 levels are markedly attenuated. As a result, increased G1 phase arrest is typically seen. In addition, it inhibits histone deacetylase resulting in attenuated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling [7]. p27 levels are accentuated [8]. These effects are dose dependent. Similar effects are seen in prostate malignancies. Troglitazone primarily exerts these anti-neoplastic effects by accentuating intra-tumoral inactivation of NFκB. It mediates this role by suppression of GSK-3β expression [9]. Troglitazone also mediates this role by augmenting Erk phosphorylation within the cancerous cells. It also modulates p21 and c-myc expression [10]. It down-regulates expression of c-myc. As a result there is increased G0/G1 phase arrest [11]. These effects have been seen both in vivo and in vitro. The above examples clearly illustrate the significant anti-neoplastic activity of troglitazone and the need for further studies in this regard.
The effect of homogeneous gas phase oxidations in char particle gasification

Abstract Two steady state models have been developed for the simultaneous oxidation and gasification of a single coal char particle. Because of the uncertainty in the relative importance of solid phase and gas phase reaction kinetics in a gasifier environment, the models assume that the velocities for the gas phase oxidations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are either zero or infinitely fast. The global rates and steady state multiplicities are discussed as functions of particle size, film thickness, gas composition and ambient temperature. The restriction of infinite hydrogen diffusivity assumed by previous investigators is removed. The two models lead to considerably different predictions about the maximum temperature of char particles in coal gasifiers.
Varicella-zoster virus gE escape mutant VZV-MSP exhibits an accelerated cell-to-cell spread phenotype in both infected cell cultures and SCID-hu mice.

Varicella-zoster virus is considered to have one of the most stable genomes of all human herpesviruses. In 1998, we reported the unanticipated discovery of a wild-type virus that had lost an immunodominant B-cell epitope on the gE ectodomain (VZV-MSP); the gE escape mutant virus exhibited an unusual pattern of egress. Further studies have now documented a markedly enhanced cell-to-cell spread by the mutant virus in cell culture. This property was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy combined with a software program that allows the measurement of pixel intensity of the fluorescent signal. For this new application of imaging technology, the VZV immediate early protein 62 (IE 62) was selected as the fluoresceinated marker. By 48 h postinfection, the number of IE 62-positive pixels in the VZV-MSP-infected culture was nearly fourfold greater than the number of pixels in a culture infected with a low-passage laboratory strain. Titrations by infectious center assays supported the above image analysis data. Confirmatory studies in the SCID-hu mouse documented that VZV-MSP spread more rapidly than other VZV strains in human fetal skin implants. Generally, the cytopathology and vesicle formation produced by other strains at 21 days postinfection were demonstrable with VZV-MSP at 14 days. To assess whether additional genes were contributing to the unusual VZV-MSP phenotype, approximately 20 kb of the VZV-MSP genome was sequenced, including ORFs 31 (gB), 37 (gH), 47, 60 (gL), 61, 62 (IE 62), 66, 67 (gI), and 68 (gE). Except for a few polymorphisms, as well as the previously discovered mutation within gE, the nucleotide sequences within most open reading frames were identical to the prototype VZV-Dumas strain. In short, VZV-MSP represents a novel variant virus with a distinguishable phenotype demonstrable in both infected cell cultures and SCID-hu mice.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of Cd1-yZnySexTe1-x on Si(211)

We report on the first successful growth of the quaternary alloy Cd1−yZnySexTe1−x(211) on 3-in. Si(211) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth of CdZnSeTe was performed using a compound CdTe effusion source, a compound ZnTe source, and an elemental Se effusion source. The alloy compositions (x and y) of the Cd1−yZnySexTe1−x quaternary compound were controlled through the Se/CdTe and ZnTe/CdTe flux ratios, respectively. Our results indicated that the surface morphology of CdZnSeTe improves as the Zn concentration decreases, which fits well with our previous observation that the surface morphology of CdZnTe/Si is poorer than that of CdSeTe/Si. Although the x-ray full-width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of CdZnSeTe/Si with 4% of Zn + Se remain relatively constant regardless of the individual Zn and Se concentrations, etched-pit density (EPD) measurements exhibit a higher dislocation count on CdZnSeTe/Si layers with about 2% Zn and Se incorporated. The enhancement of threading dislocations in these alloys might be due to an alloy disorder effect between ZnSe and CdTe phases. Our results indicate that the CdZnSeTe/Si quaternary material with low Zn or low Se concentration (less than 1.5%) while maintaining 4% total Zn + Se concentration can be used as lattice-matching composite substrates for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe as an alternative for CdZnTe/Si or CdSeTe/Si.
A theoretical assessment of pollutant deposition to individual land types during a regional-scale acid deposition episode

A mesoscale model of pollutant transport, transformation and deposition was used to perform a detailed analysis of acidic deposition to the states of New York and Ohio during a 3-day springtime deposition episode. This model can be used to assess the roles of wet and dry deposition to individual land types in the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere. Over two-thirds (67 %, Ohio; 78 %, New York) of the acidic deposition during this rainy period fell as wet deposition, primarily in the form of H2SO4. Dry deposition of SO2 accounted for 70–75 % of the total dry acidic deposition in both areas, and most of the remaining dry deposition occurred as HNO3. Over both deposition areas, particulate sulfate deposition accounted for <1 % of the total acid deposition. Due to the highly surface-specific nature of the dry deposition process, individual land types displayed unique patterns of pollutant uptake. Water surfaces absorbed primarily SO2, while rougher forested areas absorbed a larger proportion of HNO3 vapor. Urban areas, with their associated material surfaces, were found to absorb significantly less acid in the dry form, and during dry periods most of this deposition may occur as HNO3 vapor, although considerable uncertainty exists regarding the treatment of rainfall-wetted surfaces. These model results suggest that dry pollutant fluxes to individual surface types will show significant variability from any ‘averaged’ flux estimates over larger areas encompassing numerous land types.
Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

Infectious diseases are important causes of both morbidity and mortality worldwide. Women and infants bear a significant proportion of disease morbidity because of complications associated with pregnancy. Sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Many infections have been associated with preterm birth. Infections with viruses such as cytomegalovirus and varicella can cause structural fetal abnormalities. These and other perinatally acquired infections can lead to neonatal blindness or stillbirth. When considered as a group, infections are one of the most common complications of pregnancy. The economic and social burdens of these diseases among women are staggering and worthy of significant attention. This issue of the Clinics in Perinatology presents the unique aspects of selected infectious diseases that cause important complications of pregnancy. Dr. Goldenberg and colleagues open the issue with an excellent discussion of the impact of infectious diseases on specific pregnancy outcomes. Preterm birth remains one of the most important problems in obstetrics and gynecology today. Evidence continues to emerge implicating infection as a major etiologic factor, particularly in the earliest of these births. Dr. Boggess presents the latest research in this exciting field. The current evidence supporting interventions for preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes is reviewed by Dr. Newton, who provides important practical clinical information. This section is
Monte Carlo simulation of planar channeling in superlattices.

Monte Carlo simulation techniques have been used to study the catastrophic planar dechanneling of He ions in ${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$/GaP strained layered superlattices. The output of the computer simulation shows good agreement with experimental measurements and is consistent with the predictions of the phase-plane model.
1207 STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF CONTINUED HYPOXIA ON LARGE PULMONARY ARTERIES OF RAT

Hypoxia produces muscularization of the peripheral normally non-muscular regions of pulmonary artery. In addition, medial thickening is found in the large already muscular arteries and is known to be associated, in certain congenital heart diseases, with narrowing of internal lumen diameter. The present study traces the development of increased wall thickness in the muscular pulmonary artery at the hilum, seen in rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hypertension was produced by exposure to half an atmosphere for 1-52 days. For this study, arteries and airways were distended and fixed with glutaraldehyde using a simultaneous injection technique. All coats of the pulmonary artery are affected. The first change is apparent from Day 3, hypertrophy of endothelial cells and adventitial fibroblasts with increased connective tissue, all leading to thickening of the coats. By Day 7, the medial coat also is increased, due at first to hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and later to increased connective tissue. Uptake of 3H-thymidine shows an early and marked increase in mitotic activity of fibroblasts and endothelial cells but smooth muscle cells show little increase. On removal from hypoxia, wall thickness decreases but lumen diameter does not increase.
Attentional constraints and statistics in toddlers' word learning

Recent research supports the notion that word learning can be conceptualized as a statistical learning process. As many have noted however, statistical learning is constrained by processes such as attention and memory. In the current study, we observed, through toddler-perspective head cameras, toddlers' visual input as parents labeled novel objects during an object-play session. We then analyzed the co-occurrence statistics between words and objects that accumulated over the session. We also analyzed the constrained co-occurrence statistics which took into consideration the perceptual properties of the objects (e.g., object size) at the times words were uttered. We compared the information in these two types of statistical structures and examined which of the two best fit with the patterns of children's object-name learning. Implications of these results for statistical learning accounts of early word learning are discussed.
The laminar boundary layer with arbitrarily distributed mass transfer

Abstract An analysis is carried out of the velocity, energy and concentration fields in laminar boundary layers with arbitrarily distributed mass transfer at the surface. The approach is based on treating the effect of the mass transfer as a perturbation. The first-order effects are simple to evaluate numerically; higher order effects may be obtained systematically but require modest computing effort for their numerical evaluation. Application is made to the boundary layer on a cone with uniform mass transfer and with an energy and concentration balance imposed at the surface.
The Z-Transform

Although the history of the Z-transform is originally connected with probability theory, for discrete time signals and systems it can be connected with the Laplace transform. As with the Laplace transform, poles of the Z-transform characterize discrete-time signals by means of frequency and attenuation. One- and two-sided Z-transforms are possible, although the one-sided version can be used to obtain the two-sided one. The region of convergence makes the Z-transform have a unique relationship with the signal. The inverse Z-transform can be achieved by many more methods than the inverse Laplace transform, but the partial fraction expansion is still the most commonly used method. The most important property of the Z-transform is the implementation of the convolution sum as a multiplication of polynomials. This is not only important as a computational tool but also as a way to represent a discrete system by its transfer function. The periodicity in the frequency domain and the possibility of an infinite number of poles and zeros makes this connection not very useful. Defining a new complex variable in polar form provides the definition of the Z-transform and the Z-plane. The chapter also discusses Laplace transform of sampled signals, two-sided Z-transform, one-sided Z-transform, and one-sided Z-transform inverse. Dynamic systems, represented by difference equations, use the Z-transform for representation by means of the transfer function. The one-sided Z-transform is useful in the solution of difference equations with non zero initial conditions. As in the continuous-time case, filters can be represented by difference equations. However, discrete filters represented by polynomials are also possible. These non-recursive filters give significance to the convolution sum and will motivate the development of methods that efficiently compute it.
Distant metastases after irradiation alone in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Abstract This is a retrospective analysis of 1211 patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with irradiation alone from 1959 through 1986, of whom 322 developed distant metastases during the course of the disease. The 10-year actuarial incidence of distant metastases was 3% in Stage IA (34 patients), 16% in Stage IB (384 patients), 31% in Stage IIA (128 patients), 26% in Stage IIB (353 patients), 39% in Stage III (292 patients), and 75% in Stage IVA (20 patients). A multivariate analysis of factors influencing the incidence of distant metastases showed clinical stage, endometrial extension noted by dilatation and cureage (DC histology, volume of disease, and age of patient were not significant. The frequency of metastases in all stages except IVA was greater when endometrial tumor extension was detected by D & C before to definitive irradiation (Stage IB, 28%; Stage IIA, 48%; Stage IIB, 42%; Stage III, 72%; and Stage IVA, 75%). In contrast, with normal D & C findings, the incidence of distant metastases was 15% in Stage IB, 29% in Stage IIA, 25% in Stage IIB, 45% in Stage III, and 84% in Stage IVA. The incidence of metastases in patients with pelvic tumor control was 11% in Stage IB, 22% in Stage IIA, 21% in Stage IIB, 34% in Stage III, and 50% in Stage IVA; in contrast, the corresponding incidence in patients failing in the pelvis was 76% in Stage IB, 88% in Stage IIA, 62% in Stage IIB, 87% in Stage III, and 74% in Stage IVA. The frequency of metastases per histology was comparable in squamous cell carcinoma and other histologic types. The incidence of metastases to other organs was 56%: Most frequent sites were lung, abdominal cavity, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of clinically apparent lymph node involvement was 22%, predominately to paraaortic, supraclavicular, and inguinal nodes. Bone metastases occurred in 16% of the patients, most commonly to the lumbar and thoracic spine. Despite aggressive local therapy with excellent local control, the incidence of distant metastases in patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix is high. The management of these patients and their response to salvage therapy are discussed. The need for effective adjuvant systemic therapy in the management of patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix is also discussed.
Role of the physiotherapist in palliative care

Physiotherapists, whether trained in intensive care or internal medicine, must be attentive to patients at the end of their lives. Palliative-care physiotherapy requires basic training in rehabilitation techniques; the integration of a rehabilitation professional in a caregivers team; a profound communication with the patient, leading to an effective accompaniment and direct response to the patient's needs; and recognition of the patient's functional needs. The involvement of the physiotherapist can extend to the very end of life. In a series of 56 geriatric patients (35 suffering from cancer, 21 from other pathologic conditions) who died at the Center of Continuous Care, 44 (79%) had a treatment of respiratory physiotherapy until their last 24 hr.
Modeling the powder roll compaction process: Comparison of 2-D finite element method and the rolling theory for granular solids (Johanson's model)

Abstract This study compares the nip angle, normal stress at the roll gap, and the maximum material relative density computed from 2-D finite element method (FEM) simulations and the 1-D Johanson's model for roll compaction of powders. In general, the nip angles predicted from the Johanson model follow the same trends as those from the FEM model. Both predictions agree to within 25% using typical pharmaceutical material properties. However, the compact densities predicted by the Johanson model are greater than one regardless of the operating conditions or material parameters. As shown in the FEM model, this unrealistic result is due to a two-dimensional velocity gradient that is not accounted for in the Johanson model. Finally, the normal stresses in the roll gap predicted by the Johanson model are generally larger than those found using the FEM model. The two approaches agree better when the material is more compressible, has a lower effective internal friction angle, a larger roll-powder friction angle, and when the streamwise inlet normal stress decreases.
Oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy of recalcitrant dermatoses of the palms and soles

SUMMARY PUVA therapy successfully cleared various dermatoses mainly confined to the palms and soles in 18 of 20 patients treated. The conditions treated were: plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, endogenous eczema and persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. Seventeen patients were treated in a controlled study of PUVA therapy versus no treatment at all and in 16 of these patients the disease was cleared in the PUVA-treated areas while the untreated areas remained unchanged or deteriorated. Twelve of the 18 patients were maintained in a clear state by continued maintenance PUVA treatment over 6–31 months while 3 patients had a spontaneous remission and are free of disease off all treatment.
Dielectric properties of bismuth trioxide thin films

Abstract A successful method for vacuum evaporation of bismuth trioxide has been developed that produces transparent dielectric films. Films with thicknesses varying from 1000 to 3000 A have been investigated in a Au-Bi2O3-Au thin film capacitor configuration that has a common area of 0.62 cm2. Shadowed surface replicas and direct transmission electron micrographs of the bismuth trioxide films revealed their surfaces to be extremely smooth and the films to be microcrystalline. Dielectric properties were found to be a function of the fabrication process with relative permittivities ranging from 34.5 to 98.8 and loss tangent values ranging from 0.009 to 0.2. Values of the capacitance per unit area for 1000-A capacitors ranged from 305 nF/cm2 to 793 nF/cm2. Dielectric strength was approximately 8×104 V/cm. Studies of relative permittivity and dielectric loss as a function of frequency (50-10,000 Hz) demonstrated the existence of orientational and inter-facial polarization.
Integration on p-adic groups and crystal bases

Let G = GL r+1 over a nonarchimedean local field F. The Kashiwara crystal B(∞) is the quantized enveloping algebra of the lower triangular maximal unipotent subgroup N_. Examples are given where an integral over N_(F) may be replaced by a sum over B(∞). Thus the Gindikin-Karpelevich formula evaluates the integral of the standard spherical vector in the induced model of a principal series representation as a product Π(1 ― q ― z α )/(1 ― z α ) where z is the Langlands parameter and the product is over positive roots. This may also be expressed as a sum over B(∞). The corresponding equivalence over a metaplectic cover of GL r+1 is deduced by using Kashiwara's similarity of crystals.
Primary Angioplasty for the Treatment of Acute ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction: Single Centre Experience

Background: Worldwide primary angioplasty is a recommended strategy of reperfusion in patient with acute myocardial infarction as because it ensures reperfusion of the infarct-related vessels more than 90% where as, with thrombolytics it is only 60-70%. Methods: It is a retrospective observational study includes all patients treated with primary angioplasty at United Hospital from Between March 2007 to August 2010. Total 237 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with primary angioplasty were included. Those presented beyond 12 hours of onset of chest pain, in cardiogenic shock, resuscitate and intubated before the procedural were excluded from the study. Results: Majority (76%) of the patient were male, age was minimum 28 years and maximum 80 years, 41.5% were diabetics, 58.4% were hypertensive, 43.5 %were dyslipidaemic, 17% were smoker, 29.3% with positive family history. Fifty seven percent patients presented with anterior MI, 42 % with inferior MI and 1 % with lateral MI. Left anterior descending (LAD) is the most common vessel involved (S7%), followed by Right coronary artery (RCA) 31 %, Left circumflex artery (LCD 8 %, Ramus 1.3 % and Graft vessel 2.7%. Our door to balloon time was minimum 23 min, maximum 184 min. We used drug eluting stents for most of the patients , GP IIbIIIa receptor Mockers used in 50% cases and thrombus suction device were used when indicated. We faced complications like arrhythmias in 24% hypotension in18 %, no flow or slow flow in 45%, cardiac arrest in 3% and coronary perforation in 1. %. Our overall survival was 97.9 %. Conclusion: Primary angioplasty is a emerging area in the context 149-154 of our country . Many of the new centers start this novel strategy which helps to save many lives. Primary angioplasty is feasible and safe method of reperfusion in patient with acute myocardial infarction in our center. Keywords: Primary angioplasty; ST elevation MI DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9184 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 149-154
Sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol exposure during development on the processing of social cues.

Aims: The study used an animal model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) to investigate the impact of alcohol exposure during a period equivalent to all three trimesters in humans on social recognition memory. It was hypothesized that the effects on specific aspects of social recognition memory would be sexually dimorphic. Methods: This study exposed rats to ethanol during both the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Two control groups included a group exposed to the administration procedures but not ethanol and a non-treated group. At ∼90 days, all rats were tested repeatedly in a test of social recognition memory with a juvenile animal of the same sex. Experimental rats of both sexes were allowed to investigate an unknown juvenile for either 2, 3 or 5 min and then, after a delay of 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, were allowed to investigate the same juvenile for 5 min. Results: Male rats investigated the juvenile for much longer than female rats. Ethanol-exposed male rats showed a deficit in recognition memory that was evident with longer delays when the initial investigation time was either 2- or 3-min long. In contrast, ethanol-exposed female rats showed a deficit in recognition memory only when the initial investigation period was of 2 min. Measurement of oxytocin receptor binding in the amygdala region indicated that ethanol exposure lowered oxytocin receptor binding in females but not males. Conclusions: The results suggest that ethanol exposure during development caused a deficit in memory duration but not encoding in males and a deficit in encoding but not memory duration in females. The deficit in ethanol-exposed females may be related to changes in oxytocin receptors in the amygdala.
Comment on an Improved Procedure for the Finite Horizon and Price Changes Inventory Model

(1979). Comment on an Improved Procedure for the Finite Horizon and Price Changes Inventory Model. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 840-842.
Evaluation of a Novel Neuraminidase Detection Assay for the Simultaneous Rapid Detection of Influenza A and B Virus in Children

Evaluation of a Novel Neuraminidase Detection Assay for the Simultaneous Rapid Detection of Influenza A and B Virus in Children
Paradoxical probabilistic behavior for strongly correlated many-body classical systems

Abstract Using a simple probabilistic model, we illustrate that a small part of a strongly correlated many-body classical system can show a paradoxical behavior, namely asymptotic stochastic independence. We consider a triangular array such that each row is a list of n strongly correlated random variables. The correlations are preserved even when n → ∞ , since the standard central limit theorem does not hold for this array. We show that, if we choose a fixed number m n of random variables of the nth row and trace over the other n − m variables, and then consider n → ∞ , the m chosen ones can, paradoxically, turn out to be independent. However, the scenario can be different if m increases with n. Finally, we suggest a possible experimental verification of our results near criticality of a second-order phase transition.
Electron spectroscopy of Na-like autoionizing metastable ions

Ejected electrons from the decay of metastable ${2p}^{5}3s3p{}^{4}{D}_{7/2}$ autoionizing states of Na-like ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{7+}, {\mathrm{Cl}}^{6+},$ and ${\mathrm{S}}^{5+}$ have been detected using an ion-beam delayed-coincidence technique. The previously calculated and measured ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{7+}$ Auger line at $114.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33 \mathrm{eV}$ was used to calibrate a high-efficiency two-stage parallel-plate electron spectrometer. The energies of the corresponding Auger lines from decay of metastable ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{6+}$ and ${\mathrm{S}}^{5+}$ were subsequently determined to be $102.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2 \mathrm{eV}$ and $86.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 \mathrm{eV},$ respectively. The results are consistent with published data for other members of the Na isoelectronic sequence, and they together exhibit a quadratic scaling with ionic charge q over the range $4l~ql~15.$
EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas - Attractive Targets for Molecular-Oriented Therapy

Importance of the field: Recent advances in the understanding of the oncogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have revealed multiple dysregulated signaling pathways. One frequently altered axis is the EGFR–PI3K–Akt–mTOR pathway. This pathway plays a central role in numerous cellular processes including metabolism, cell growth, apoptosis, survival and differentiation, which ultimately contributes to HNSCC progression. Areas covered in this review: Books, journals, databases and websites have been searched to provide a current review on the subject. What the reader will gain: This article reviews the current understanding of EGFR–PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling in HNSCC, including the impact of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review further highlights the potential of targeting this signaling cascade as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of HNSCC. Take home message: Genetic alterations of several nodes within this pathway, including both genetic and epigenetic chang...
A dynamic assessment of the battered woman syndrome and its legal relevance

ABSTRACT Battered women who kill their partners in self-defense often enter the courtroom facing a variety of obstacles. Although the term “battered woman syndrome” was introduced to the public ambit in the 1970s to promote awareness of minority rights, an immediate evaluation of the effects that courts often adopt as characteristic of the syndrome is necessary to determine if society is really trying to understand the variety of effects that battered women undergo. Evidence and testimony in criminal cases concerning “the cycle of violence” and “learned helplessness” have often been presented in the courtroom in an attempt to establish that the behavior of alleged battered victims falls within the parameters of the battered woman syndrome. However, since the conception and adoption of these two concepts by many courts, researchers have associated other psychological factors to battered women. In a modern society in which women, and minorities alike, are able to reach out and at a time when knowledge of th...
Educational Strategies for the Autistic Child

This paper includes some of the latest discussions regarding educational programming for autistic children. Until the last decade, special educators have not been either effective or optimistic regarding the prognosis for such children. Recent educational developments with such techniques as behavior modification, the behaviorally engineered classroom, and early identification of the condition have caused increased interest in the possible contributions of educators to the puzzling syndrome. The various alternative treatment possibilities will be presented together with an evaluation of the effectiveness of such programs to date.
Pharmacology and clinical applications of cis-platinum.

Abstract Cis-platinum is one of the most efficacious platinum group metals. This agent is widely used in combination with cancer chemotherapy including urologic, gynecologic, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The initial experience indicated dose-limiting renal nephrotoxicity. However, recent knowledge through animal and clinical experiments have led to finding ways to prevent the undesirable toxicities of this agent even in high doses. The clinical utilization of cisplatinum in various cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, prostate, esophageal, have been encouraging. The use of high-dose cis-platinum (200 mg/m 2 ) has had important therapeutic impact on patients with poor prognostic testicular cancer when compared with the conventional dosage (100 Mg/M 2 ). The current use and future potential of this anticancer metal and its potential analogs are reviewed.
Wind Tunnel Tests of a Shrouded Aircraft Inlet

ABSTRACT We describe tests of a shrouded aerosol inlet for a high-altitude jet aircraft. Both the lip of the inlet and the shroud are NACA (National Committee for Aeronautics, now known as NASA, or National Aeronautics and Space Administration) airfoils. Wind tunnel tests show a smooth growth of the boundary layer in the inlet, with an undisturbed core more than 1 m back from the entrance. The shroud makes the inlet performance insensitive to angle of attack. Aerosol transmission tests showed accurate sampling, although the Stokes numbers accessible in the wind tunnel were less than 0.2.
Robust Automated Amygdala Segmentation via Multi-Atlas Diffeomorphic Registration

Here, we describe a novel method for volumetric segmentation of the amygdala from MRI images collected from 35 human subjects. This approach is adapted from open-source techniques employed previously with the hippocampus (Suh et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011a; Wang et al., 2011b). Using multi-atlas segmentation and machine learning-based correction, we were able to produce automated amygdala segments with high dice (Mean= 0.918 for the left amygdala; 0.916 for the right amygdala) and Jaccard coefficients (Mean= 0.850 for the left; 0.846 for the right) compared to rigorously hand-traced volumes. This automated routine also produced amygdala segments with high intra-class (consistency=.830, absolute agreement =.819 for the left; consistency=. 786, absolute agreement =. 783 for the right) and bivariate (r =.831 for the left; r =0.797 for the right) correlations compared to hand-drawn amygdala. Our results are discussed in relation to results from other cutting-edge segmentation techniques, as well as commonly- available approaches to amygdala segmentation (e.g., Freesurfer). We believe this new technique has broad application to research with large sample sizes for which amygdala quantification might be needed.
Effects of reuse on quality, productivity, and economics

This article presents metrics from two Hewlett-Packard (HP) reuse programs that document the improved quality, increased productivity, shortened time-to-market, and enhanced economics resulting from reuse. Work products are the products or by-products of the software-development process: for example, code, design, and test plans. Reuse is the use of these work products without modification in the development of other software. Leveraged reuse is modifying existing work products to meet specific system requirements. A producer is a creator of reusable work products, and the consumer is someone who uses them to create other software. Time-to-market is the time it takes to deliver a product from the time it is conceived. Experience with reuse has been largely positive. Because work products are used multiple times, the accumulated defect fixes result in a higher quality work product. Because the work products have already been created, tested, and documented, productivity increases because consumers of reusable work products need to do less work. However, increased productivity from reuse does not necessarily shorten time-to-market. To reduce time-to-market, reuse must be used effectively on the critical path of a development project. Finally, we have found that reuse allows an organization to use personnel more effectively because it leverages expertise. However, software reuse is not free. It requires resources to create and maintain reusable work products, a reuse library, and reuse tools. To help evaluate the costs and benefits of reuse, we have developed an economic analysis method, which we have applied to multiple reuse programs at HP. >
Ditopic binding of perchlorate anion to hexaazamacrocyclic hosts

Two structures of perchlorate with thiophene and p-xylyl based hexaazamacrocycles, have been determined by single crystallographic studies that show the ditopic recognition via N⋯O bonds of 2.90 and 3.02 A, respectively.
Equation of state measurements on solid density matter isochorically heated by a laser-accelerated proton beam

A laser-accelerated beam of protons is used to isochorically heat a silicon foil to multi-eV temperatures. Proton dosimetry, self-emission, and synchronized reflective interferometry are used simultaneously to infer internal energy, temperature, and pressure.
The Moderating Role of BIS/BAS Personality Tendencies in the Relationship between General Strain and Crime

This article extends general strain theory by examining the role of the behavioral approach systems (BAS) and behavioral inhibition systems (BIS) in moderating the relationship between exposure to social strain and criminal behaviors. Analyses revealed that BIS and BAS operate differently in the prediction of crime. Those low in chronic strains experienced increases in arrests at higher BAS scores. For those exposed to medium and high levels of stress, a higher level of BAS-drive was associated with a decreased probability of arrest. In contrast, there is a positive association between lifetime traumas and arrest, and the magnitude of this relationship increases at each succeeding level of BAS scores.
Ammonia Emissions from Swine Waste Lagoons in the Utah Great Basin

In animal production systems (poultry, beef, and swine), current production, storage, and disposal techniques present a challenge to manage wastes to minimize the emissions of trace gases within relatively small geographical areas. Physical and chemical parameters were measured on primary and secondary lagoons on three different swine farming systems, three replicates each, in the Central Great Basin of the United States to determine ammonia (NH3) emissions. Nutrient concentrations, lagoon water temperature, and micrometeorological data from these measurements were used with a published process model to calculate emissions. Annual cycling of emissions was determined in relation to climatic factors and wind speed was found the predominating factor when the lagoon temperatures were above about 3C. Total NH3 emissions increased in the order of smallest to largest: nursery, sow, and finisher farms. However, emissions on an animal basis increased from nursery animals being lowest to sow animals being highest. When emissions were compared to the amount of nitrogen (N) fed to the animals, NH3 emissions from sows were lowest with emissions from finisher animals highest. Ammonia emissions were compared to similar farm production systems in the humid East of the United States and found to be similar for finisher animals but had much lower emissions than comparable humid East sow production. Published estimates of NH3 emissions from lagoons ranged from 36 to 70% of feed input (no error range) compared to our emissions determined from a process model of 9.8% with an estimated range of 64%.
The adhesion of dry particles in the nanometer to micrometer-size range

Abstract The physics of particle adhesion is a complex subject and depends on the interaction mechanisms and the mechanical properties of the contacting materials. These interactions, which tend to be caused by van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, generate stresses that, in turn, result in deformations of the contacting materials. Most of today’s understanding of particle adhesion is based on theories that assume that the adhesion-induced strains are small. Examples of such theories include those proposed by Derjaguin et al. for small particles and high modulus materials and Johnson et al. (K.L. Johnson, K. Kendall, A.D. Roberts, Proc. R. Soc. London A324 (1971) 301) for more compliant materials and larger particles. However, for small particles, the strains can be quite large, resulting in yielding and plastic deformations. In some instances, the entire particle can become engulfed by the substrate. This paper discusses the nature of the deformations, as are presently known, and extrapolates today’s understanding of particle adhesion, which is based on the micrometer-size scale, to the regime of nanometer-size particles.
Selective use of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in activation of Notch1 signaling.

Notch signaling requires a series of proteolytic cleavage events to release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) that functions directly in signal transduction. The Notch receptor is locked down in a protease-resistant state by a negative regulatory region (NRR) that protects an ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) cleavage site. Engagement with ligand-bearing cells induces global conformational movements in Notch that unfold the NRR structure to expose the ADAM cleavage site and initiate proteolytic activation. Although both ADAM10 and ADAM17 have been reported to cleave Notch to facilitate NICD release by γ-secretase, the relevant ADAM has remained controversial. Our study provides new insight into this conflict, as we find that although Notch1 (N1) is a substrate for both ADAM10 and ADAM17, the particular ADAM required for receptor activation is context dependent. Specifically, ADAM10 was absolutely required for N1 signaling induced by ligands, while signaling independent of ligands required ADAM17. In contrast to the strict and differential use of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in normal and dysregulated signaling, respectively, both proteases participated in signaling intrinsic to N1 mutations associated with leukemia. We propose that in addition to exposing the ADAM cleavage site, activating N1 conformational changes facilitate selective cleavage by specific proteases.
Optimization of diagnosis and therapy in human gait

This paper discusses an analytical model of gait dynamics for providing meaning and insight into the neural control of locomotion. The multi-level neural control system produces a stable gait and a highly consistent walking pattern when the neuro-mechanical system is functioning properly. The motor control involves a series of transformations of information, hence the control problem revolves around the specific transfer functions that describe each transformation. The author has developed a methodology based on state estimators to recognize coordinated human locomotion to optimize the assessment, evaluation and effective treatment needed to produce functional recovery after neurological insult.