cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axo‐axonic synapses formed by somatostatin‐expressing GABAergic neurons in rat and monkey visual cortex

In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809–824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452–462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. Neurocytol. 15:121–136; DeLima and Morrison [1989] J. Comp. Neurol. 283:212–227) that represent a distinct type of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -ergic neuron (Gonchar and Burkhalter [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:347–358; Kawaguchi and Kubota [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:476–486) whose synaptic connections are incompletely understood. The organization of inhibitory inputs to the axon initial segment are of particular interest because of their role in the suppression of action potentials (Miles et al. [1996] Neuron 16:815:823). Synapses on axon initial segments are morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154–174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389–408), that is also expressed by many SOM-immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Res. 649:159–173; Gonchar and Burkhalter [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:347–358). We studied the innervation of pyramidal neurons by SOM neurons in rat and monkey visual cortex and examined putative contacts by confocal microscopy and determined synaptic connections in the electron microscope. Through the confocal microscope, SOM-positive boutons were observed to form close appositions with somata, dendrites, and spines of intracortically projecting pyramidal neurons of rat area 17 and pyramidal cells in monkey striate cortex. In addition, in rat and monkey, SOM boutons were found to be associated with axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. SOM axon terminals that were apposed to axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons lacked PV, which was shown previously to label axo-axonic terminals provided by chandelier cells (DeFelipe et al. [1989] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2093–2097; Gonchar and Burkhalter [1999a] J. Comp. Neurol. 406:346:360). Electron microscopic examination directly demonstrated that SOM axon terminals form symmetric synapses with the initial segments of pyramidal cells in supragranular layers of rat and monkey primary visual cortex. These SOM synapses differed ultrastructurally from the more numerous unlabeled symmetric synapses found on initial segments. Postembedding immunostaining revealed that all SOM axon terminals contained GABA. Unlike PV-expressing chandelier cell axons that innervate exclusively initial segments of pyramidal cell axons, SOM-immunoreactive neurons innervate somata, dendrites, spines, and initial segments, that are just one of their targets. Thus, SOM neurons may influence synaptic excitation of pyramidal neurons at the level of synaptic inputs to dendrites as well as at the initiation site of action potential output. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:1–14, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of elelctron-capturing boronic acids for the selective analysis of bifunctional compounds

Abstract The preparation and chromatographic properties of 2,6-dichlorobenzeneboronic, 2,4,6-trichlorobenzeneboronic and 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acids are described. These reagents are compared with seven other electron-capturing boronic acids on the basis of their range of application, relative volatility, electron-capture sensitivity and derivative stability to establish some criteria for the selection of the most useful reagents. It is proposed that the four boronic acids 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic, 2,4-dichlorobenzeneboronic, 4-bromobenzeneboronic and 4-iodobutaneboronic acid are sufficient to meet the needs of most analytical problems.
Evolutionary Concepts for Decentralized Air Traffic Flow Management

Alternative concepts for modifying the policies and procedures under which the air traffic flow management system operates are described, and an approach to the evaluation of those concepts is discussed. Here, air traffic flow management includes all activities related to the management of the flow of aircraft and related system resources from 'block to block.' The alternative concepts represent stages in the evolution from the current system, in which air traffic management decision making is largely centralized within the FAA, to a more decentralized approach wherein the airlines and other airspace users collaborate in air traffic management decision making with the FAA. The emphasis in the discussion is on a viable medium-term partially decentralized scenario representing a phase of this evolution that is consistent with the decision-making approaches embodied in proposed Free Flight concepts for air traffic management. System-level metrics for analyzing and evaluating the various alternatives are defined, and a simulation testbed developed to generate values for those metrics is described. The fundamental issue of modeling airline behavior in decentralized environments is also raised, and an example of such a model, which deals with the preservation of flight bank integrity in hub airports, is presented.
Shock-loading response of 6061-T6 aluminum-alumina metal-matrix composites

Le but de cette recherche est l'etude systematique de l'inluence de la pression maximum de choc et de la phase de renforcement sur la reponse mecanique (proprietes/structure) des composites Al- alumine 6061-T6 sous chargement par choc. La reponse contrainte-deformation sous rechargement de l'aluminium monolothique montre qu'il n'y a pas d'augmentation d'ecrouissage dynamique en comparaison au cas ou le materiau n'a pas ete initialement charge par choc. Les mesures des vitesses d'ondes pour les echantillons non- predeformes par choc ne montrent aucune degradation comparativement aux echantillons non- predeformes
Does applying technology throughout the medication use process improve patient safety with antineoplastics

PurposeMedical errors, in particular medication errors, continue to be a troublesome factor in the delivery of safe and effective patient care. Antineoplastic agents represent a group of medications highly susceptible to medication errors due to their complex regimens and narrow therapeutic indices. As the majority of these medication errors are frequently associated with breakdowns in poorly defined systems, developing technologies and evolving workflows seem to be a logical approach to provide added safeguards against medication errors.SummaryThis article will review both the pros and cons of today's technologies and their ability to simplify the medication use process, reduce medication errors, improve documentation, improve healthcare costs and increase provider efficiency as relates to the use of antineoplastic therapy throughout the medication use process. Several technologies, mainly computerized provider order entry (CPOE), barcode medication administration (BCMA), smart pumps, electronic medicati...
The Interaction Between Mycobacterium Bovis (BCG) and Genotype of Chicken in Increasing the Percentage of Regression of Rous Sarcomas

Abstract Four breeding groups of chickens were inoculated in the wing-web with Rous sarcoma virus at 8 weeks of age. Treated birds were given a single dose of live organisms of a mild strain of Mycobacterium bovis of variety Calmette Guerin (BCG) as a subcutaneous inoculation adjacent to the emerging tumor. Control birds received no BCG. The breeding groups of chickens included a line selected for ability to cause a high percentage of spontaneous regression of tumors, a susceptible line with a very low level of regression of tumors, and the two reciprocal crosses between these lines. Treatment with BCG greatly enhanced the percentage of regression in the line selected for regression and in the two reciprocal crosses, but was ineffective in the low regression line. Bursectomy of chicks from the low regression line did not permit BCG treatment to increase regression of Rous sarcomas.
Persea: a sybil-resistant social DHT

P2P systems are inherently vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker can have a large number of identities and use them to control a substantial fraction of the system. We propose Persea, a novel P2P system that is more robust against Sybil attacks than prior approaches. Persea derives its Sybil resistance by assigning IDs through a bootstrap tree, the graph of how nodes have joined the system through invitations. More specifically, a node joins Persea when it gets an invitation from an existing node in the system. The inviting node assigns a node ID to the joining node and gives it a chunk of node IDs for further distribution. For each chunk of ID space, the attacker needs to socially engineer a connection to another node already in the system. This hierarchical distribution of node IDs confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system. Persea uses a replication mechanism in which each (key,value) pair is stored in nodes that are evenly spaced over the network. Thus, even if a given region is occupied by attackers, the desired (key,value) pair can be retrieved from other regions. We compare our results with Kad, Whanau, and X-Vine and show that Persea is a better solution against Sybil attacks.
Facilitating public participation in tourism planning on American Indian reservations: A case study involving the Nominal Group Technique

Abstract Tourism is frequently cited as a tool by which American Indians can strengthen the economies of their reservations. However, successful tourism development on such reservations requires effective tourism planning, and effective tourism planning requires public participation in the planning process. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) has proved to be a useful group process in the tourism field but its application to tourism planning on American Indian reservations has been unexplored. This article helps to fill this knowledge gap by reporting on an NGT workshop conducted on the Lake Traverse Reservation of the Sisseton–Wahpeton Oyate (people, nation) in North and South Dakota, USA. Rich information on tourism development possibilities for three lakefront properties was obtained. Possible success factors are discussed and suggestions for conducting similar future workshops on American Indian reservations are advanced.
The association between weekly work hours, crew familiarity, and occupational injury and illness in emergency medical services workers

OBJECTIVE: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers are shift workers in a high-risk, uncontrolled occupational environment. EMS-worker fatigue has been associated with self-reported injury, but the influence of extended weekly work hours is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed using historical shift schedules and occupational injury and illness reports. Using multilevel models, we examined the association between weekly work hours, crew familiarity, and injury or illness. RESULTS: In total, 966,082 shifts and 950 reports across 14 EMS agencies were obtained over a 1-3 year period. Weekly work hours were not associated with occupational injury or illness. Schedule characteristics that yield decreased exposure to occupational hazards, such as part-time work and night work, conferred reduced risk of injury or illness. CONCLUSIONS: Extended weekly work hours were not associated with occupational injury or illness. Future work should focus on transient exposures and agency-level characteristics that may contribute to adverse work events. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
On Tightening the Relaxations of Miller-Tucker-Zemlin Formulations for Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problems

This paper is concerned with applying theReformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) to derive tighter relaxations for theAsymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) formulation that is based on theMiller-Tucker-Zemlin (MTZ) subtour elimination constraints. The MTZ constraints yield a compact representation for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and their use is particularly attractive in various routing and scheduling contexts that have an embedded ATSP structure. However, it is well recognized that these constraints yield weak relaxations, and with this motivation, Desrochers and Laporte (1991) have lifted the MTZ constraints into facets of the underlying ATSP polytope. We show that a novel application of the RLT process from a nonstandard MTZ representation of the ATSP reveals a new formulation of this problem that is compact, and yet theoretically as well as computationally dominates the lifted-MTZ formulation of Desrochers and Laporte. This approach is also extended to derive tight formulations for thePrecedence Constrained Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (PCATSP), based on the MTZ subtour elimination constraints. Additional classes of valid inequalities are also developed for both these versions of the ATSP, and further ideas for developing tighter representations are suggested for future investigations.
Kinetochore Biorientation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires a Tightly Folded Conformation of the Ndc80 Complex

Accurate transmission of genetic material relies on the coupling of chromosomes to spindle microtubules by kinetochores. These linkages are regulated by the conserved Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase to ensure that sister chromatids are properly attached to spindle microtubules. Kinetochore–microtubule attachments require the essential Ndc80 complex, which contains two globular ends linked by large coiled-coil domains. In this study, we isolated a novel ndc80 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains mutations in the coiled-coil domain. This ndc80 mutant accumulates erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments, resulting in misalignment of kinetochores on the mitotic spindle. Genetic analyses with suppressors of the ndc80 mutant and in vitro cross-linking experiments suggest that the kinetochore misalignment in vivo stems from a defect in the ability of the Ndc80 complex to stably fold at a hinge in the coiled coil. Previous studies proposed that the Ndc80 complex can exist in multiple conformations: elongated during metaphase and bent during anaphase. However, the distinct functions of individual conformations in vivo are unknown. Here, our analysis revealed a tightly folded conformation of the Ndc80 complex that is likely required early in mitosis. This conformation is mediated by a direct, intracomplex interaction and involves a greater degree of folding than the bent form of the complex at anaphase. Furthermore, our results suggest that this conformation is functionally important in vivo for efficient error correction by Aurora B/Ipl1 and, consequently, to ensure proper kinetochore alignment early in mitosis.
Creating the next generation of Reference Earth Models

Global seismologists produce models of the Earth's interior that mineral physicists and geodynamicists use as reference for constraining compositional and dynamical properties of our planet. The reference seismological models must be reviewed from time to time to reflect state-of-the-art knowledge about the internal structure of the Earth and to provide scientists in other fields with clear and useful information. In turn, the data and concepts of mineral physics and geodynamics provide potential constraints on Earth models. Geophysicists currently rely on a one-dimensional seismological reference model, the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), published by A. Dziewonski and D. Anderson in 1981. Because seismology and the demands of other fields have evolved vastly since PREM was created, geophysicists have been discussing the need for a next-generation reference Earth model that incorporates new knowledge and trends in seismology, mineral physics, and geodynamics.
Optimal synthetic aperture radar image correlation using enhanced scattering centers in holographic data storage

We prove that for gray-level or binarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with enhanced scattering centers, the DC-blocked phase-only filter is the optimal, as well as the most practical, solution for SAR image recognition. Our correlation algorithm, which employs various power laws to enhance the scattering centers, was examined for images with different complexity using the moving and stationary target acquisitions and recognition (MSTAR) data base. For standard recognition problems, which represent 95% of the cases (intermediate level of noise and sufficient number of scattering centers on the target), we found that our proposed approach improves the correlation even when utilizing binary templates extracted from the region of interest and binary inputs. For more complex problems (representing nearly 5% of the cases), a further improvement in our correlation recognition approach is needed.
Using Bernier v. Boston Edison to Teach Undergraduate Engineering Students about Professional Responsibility

The matter of design fault is presented in a timeless case from the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts regarding a concrete light pole. The detail in the printed ruling provides engineering students with remarkable insight into the design process and the failure of that process to adequately consider the potential of product failure and the impact on both automobiles and pedestrians. The court had strong opinions on the failure of Boston Edison design engineers. Students readily understand the impact of omission of foreseeability of design failure, and the case thus serves as a discussion prompt in considering engineering professionalism and potential legal consequences.
Ab initio and molecular mechanics (MM2 and MM3) calculations of nonconjugated positively charged nitrogen‐containing compounds

High-level ab initio calculations have been performed on N-methyl-N-methyleneammonium and related compounds to obtain accurate rotational barriers, structures, and vibrational frequencies. The 6-31G** basis set has been utilized at the Hartree-Fock level of theory for these calculations because little experimental data are available. The MM2(91) and MM3(94) force fields have been parameterized to include these nonconjugated charged nitrogen-containing compounds. Molecular mechanics geometries and vibrational frequencies compare well with the ab initio results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Postsecondary Education and Employment Among Youth With an Autism Spectrum Disorder

We examined the prevalence and correlates of postsec- ondary education and employment among youth with an autism spec- trum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Data were from a nationally representative survey of parents, guardians, and young adults with an ASD. Participation in postsecondary employment, college, or vocational education and lack of participation in any of these activities were examined. Rates were compared with those of youth in 3 other eligibility categories: speech/ language impairment, learning disability, and mental retardation. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of each outcome. RESULTS: For youth with an ASD, 34.7% had attended college and 55.1% had held paid employment during the first 6 years after high school. Morethan50%ofyouthwhohadlefthighschoolinthepast2yearshad no participation in employment or education. Youth with an ASD had the lowest rates of participation in employment and the highest rates of no participation compared with youth in other disability categories. Higher income and higher functional ability were associated with higher adjusted odds of participation in postsecondary employment and education. CONCLUSIONS: Youth with an ASD have poor postsecondary employment and education outcomes, especially in the first 2 years after high school. Those from lower-income families and those with greater functional impairments are at heightened risk for poor outcomes. Further research is needed to understand how transition planning before high school exit can facilitate a better connection to productive postsecondary activities. Pediatrics 2012;129:1042-1049
High-Bandwidth Address Translation for Multiple-Issue Processors

In an effort to push the envelope of system performance, microprocessor designs are continually exploiting higher levels of instruction-level parallelism, resulting in increasing bandwidth demands on the address translation mechanism. Most current microprocessor designs meet this demand with a multi-ported TLB. While this design provides an excellent hit rate at each port, its access latency and area grow very quickly as the number of ports is increased. As bandwidth demands continue to increase, multi-ported designs will soon impact memory access latency.We present four high-bandwidth address translation mechanisms with latency and area characteristics that scale better than a multiported TLB design. We extend traditional high-bandwidth memory design techniques to address translation, developing interleaved and multi-level TLB designs. In addition, we introduce two new designs crafted specifically for high-bandwidth address translation. Piggyback ports are introduced as a technique to exploit spatial locality in simultaneous translation requests, allowing accesses to the same virtual memory page to combine their requests at the TLB access port. Pretranslation is introduced as a technique for attaching translations to base register values, making it possible to reuse a single translation many times.We perform extensive simulation-based studies to evaluate our designs. We vary key system parameters, such as processor model, page size, and number of architected registers, to see what effects these changes have on the relative merits of each approach. A number of designs show particular promise. Multi-level TLBs with as few as eight entries in the upper-level TLB nearly achieve the performance of a TLB with unlimited bandwidth. Piggyback ports combined with a lesser-ported TLB structure, e.g., an interleaved or multi-ported TLB, also perform well. Pretranslation over a single-ported TLB performs almost as well as a same-sized multi-level TLB with the added benefit of decreased access latency for physically indexed caches.
An effective noise-resilient long-term semantic learning approach to content-based image retrieval

This paper proposes a noise-resilient long-term semantic learning method for relevance feedback-based image retrieval. Our system accommodates erroneous feedback resulting from the inherent subjectivity of judging relevance, user laziness, or maliciousness. It also addresses three main drawbacks of traditional relevance feedback techniques. Specifically, it uses a statistical memory learning method based on the user's feedback to extract additional high-level semantic information between query and database images. The learned semantic relationship automatically adds potential positive images to the feedback set to improve SVM-based low-level feature learning. These two measures are seamlessly combined to compute the overall similarity between query and database images. Our experimental results on a 6000-image Corel database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
The legal side of IT auditing

Information technology (IT) audit professionals have traditionally viewed themselves as computer and information systems specialists. However, recent legal and regulatory trends require every IT auditor to be familiar with the rules and regulations for storing, securing, and transmitting digital business information. Companies that fail to store mandated e-data—or send it to third parties without meeting certain legal conditions—can get into serious legal trouble. So how much do you know about the legal side of IT auditing? What you don't know can hurt your firm and your career. But the information and advice in this article can help protect you . © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Honor among Orphans: Girlhood, Virtue, and Nation at Rio de Janeiro's Recolhimento

"Honor Among Orphans" explores the implications of state interests in girlhood, honor, and female citizenship in nineteenth-century Brazil through an examination of transformations in the practices of a colonial institution, the Recolhimento of the Santa Casa de Misericordia in Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1739, the Recolhimento was created as a place for the deposit of women and girls, where reputations could be protected or restored. In the 1800s, the Recolhimento became a girls' orphanage, a statement of emerging liberal values that privileged the education and socialization of youth. Despite extensive reforms, the Recolhimento continued to be a symbol of female virtue. Its prominence, longevity, and ties to the state make it a privileged location for examining transformations in the politics of honor in the nation building process
Young Adult Females’ Perceptions of High-Risk Social Media Behaviors: A Focus-Group Approach

This study describes young adult female college students' perceptions of risky social media behaviors. A sample of 14 young adult females, aged 18-22 years and residing in an urban university, participated in 1 of 3 focus groups held in campus housing. Data analysis yielded 4 themes surrounding young adults' engagement in risky behaviors associated with social media. Themes described the predominant culture, associated risk, and prevention. Important insights into young adult female college students' thoughts on risky social media behaviors can be used by advanced practice nurses to inform preventive education for young college women.
A dynamic approach for evaluating parameters in a numerical method

A new methodology for evaluating unknown parameters in a numerical method for solving a partial differential equation is developed. The main result is the identification of a functional form for the parameters which is derived by requiring the numerical method to yield ‘optimal’ solutions over a set of finite-dimensional function spaces. The functional depends upon the numerical solution, the forcing function, the set of function spaces, and the definition of the optimal solution. It does not require exact or approximate analytical solutions of the continuous problem, and is derived from an extension of the variational Germano identity. This methodology is applied to the one-dimensional, linear advection–diffusion problem to yield a non-linear dynamic diffusivity method. It is found that this method yields results that are commensurate to the SUPG method. The same methodology is then used to evaluate the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity for the large eddy simulation of the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence in three dimensions. In this case the resulting method is found to be more accurate than the constant-coefficient and the traditional dynamic versions of the Smagorinsky model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the critical load assessment method for stable crack growth analysis

Abstract A new systematic procedure has been developed for analyzing stable crack growth. In this method, the crack instability point can be predicted from a single J-l record, which is developed from a given material J r - curve and the J- integral-related solutions resulting from stress analysis of a flawed structure. Here l represents the physical load applied to the structure. The development of the J-l relation that satisfies the equilibrium state of crack growth is so simple that hand calculator analysis is possible for complex structural geometries with available j- related stress analysis results. The advantage of the new method over existing ones, such as the failure assessment diagram approach or the tearing instability theory, is that it can predict the critical physical load level and the crack instability point at the same time without resorting to the use of a fixed diagram or evaluating tearing modulus. The validity of the procedure has been demonstrated by solving a center-cracked tensioned panel with various loading mechanisms (displacement-controlled, load-controlled and mixed loading systems) and a pressure vessel geometry under internal pressure.
Blocking artifacts reduction for image compression algorithms

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of the existing JPEG image compression algorithm. The algorithm proposes a recursive pruned discrete cosine transform (DCT) to reduce the bit rate and two different methods to reduce the image artifacts arising at these lower bit rates. The recursive algorithm computes the pruned DCT using a structure that allows the generation of higher order pruned DCT from two identical, lower order pruned DCT's. A variance dependent pruning method determines the pruning based on the statistical properties of the image block. A linear filtering method performs low pass filtering on the block boundaries for smoothing the discontinuities.
A 6-year-old girl with fever, rash, and increased intracranial pressure.

Abstract Background Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a well-described, potentially lethal, tick-borne zoonotic infection and has very effective therapy. However, the diagnosis might not be made early enough, often leading to worse outcomes. Objective Our aim was to discuss the diagnostic dilemmas facing the physician when evaluating patients with suspected RMSF. Methods We report a case of RMSF in a 6-year-old girl who presented to our hospital with a 7-day history of fever, headache, and a petechial rash. After blood cultures were obtained, the patient was treated empirically with doxycycline, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone. During the next 24 h, her clinical status worsened, with acute onset of altered mental status, posturing, and fixed and dilated pupils. A computed tomography scan of the brain demonstrated diffuse cerebral edema with evidence of tonsillar herniation. She died 24 h after admission. A serum specimen tested positive for immunoglobulin G to Rickettsia rickettsii at a titer of 128 dilutions, confirming recent infection. Conclusions We present this case to raise awareness of RMSF in patients who present with a nonspecific febrile illness in tick-endemic areas in the United States. Early diagnosis and treatment with doxycycline before day 5 of illness is essential and can prevent morbidity and mortality.
Fully overlapping domain decomposition method with h-refinement for finite element modeling of small features in large domains

This paper presents the h-refinement analysis of a novel fully overlapping domain decomposition approach. It was recently proposed for finite element modeling of small antenna features placed within a large non-metallic platform. The essence of the approach is to decouple a single domain containing small details from the background domain. This method avoids ill-conditioned matrices for iterative solvers, but also allows for completely unstructured meshing. Thus, it provides significant flexibility in designing in situ antennas. In this paper, the fast convergence and accuracy of the fully overlapping domain decomposition algorithm are demonstrated through h-refinement convergence analysis.
Transition from Paraprofessionals to Bilingual Teachers: Latino Voices and Experiences in Education.

This study explored perceptions of Latino paraprofessionals 10 years after completion of a program that provided financial, academic, and social support to help them complete their bachelor’s degrees and teaching credentials. Findings indicated that they valued education for themselves and their children; they believed they were important role models for Latino children and families; they were proactive in mentoring Latino paraprofessionals to become credentialed teachers; and they viewed the program as critical in enabling them to become educators and leaders in their communities.
Clinical diagnosis of meniscal tears Description of a new manipulative test

The accuracy in clinical diagnosis of meniscal tears was assessed in 100 knees. Arthroscopy was performed in each case to establish the diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis was correct in 87 cases, correct but incomplete in 4, and incorrect in 9. In those with meniscal tears repeated popping occurred in 43%, swelling in 51%, and pain localized to the joint line in 63%. Tenderness over the joint line, the most accurate clinical sign, was positive in 77% and false positive in 11% of meniscal tears. McMurray's test was positive in 58% and false positive in 5%, while the medial-lateral grind test was positive in 68% and false positive in 1%. At least one of these manipulative tests was positive in 79% of meniscal tears. Repeated examination and addition of the medial-lateral grind test to the clinical evaluation of meniscal tears significantly improves diagnostic accuracy.
Development and Validation of a Gene-Based Model for Outcome Prediction in Germ Cell Tumors Using a Combined Genomic and Expression Profiling Approach

Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) have a high cure rate, but we currently lack the ability to accurately identify the small subset of patients who will die from their disease. We used a combined genomic and expression profiling approach to identify genomic regions and underlying genes that are predictive of outcome in GCT patients. We performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 53 non-seminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy and defined altered genomic regions using Circular Binary Segmentation. We identified 14 regions associated with two year disease-free survival (2yDFS) and 16 regions associated with five year disease-specific survival (5yDSS). From corresponding expression data, we identified 101 probe sets that showed significant changes in expression. We built several models based on these differentially expressed genes, then tested them in an independent validation set of 54 NSGCTs. These predictive models correctly classified outcome in 64-79.6% of patients in the validation set, depending on the endpoint utilized. Survival analysis demonstrated a significant separation of patients with good versus poor predicted outcome when using a combined gene set model. Multivariate analysis using clinical risk classification with the combined gene model indicated that they were independent prognostic markers. This novel set of predictive genes from altered genomic regions is almost entirely independent of our previously identified set of predictive genes for patients with NSGCTs. These genes may aid in the identification of the small subset of patients who are at high risk of poor outcome.
Neural Function Before and After Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Anxious Adolescents at Risk for Developing Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Objective: We sought to evaluate the neurophysiology of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C) in youth with generalized, social, and/or separation anxiety disorder who were at risk for developing bipolar disorder. Methods: Nine youth (mean age: 13 ± 2 years) with a generalized, social, and/or separation anxiety disorder and a parent with bipolar disorder completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a continuous processing task with emotional and neutral distractors (CPT-END) prior to and following 12 weeks of MBCT-C. Results: MBCT-C was associated with increases in activation of the bilateral insula, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus, as well as the left anterior cingulate while viewing emotional stimuli during the CPT-END, and decreases in anxiety were correlated with change in activation in the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate during the viewing of emotional stimuli (p < 0.05, uncorrected; p < 0.005 corrected; cluster size, 37 voxels). Conclus...
Factors Affecting Resistance of Selected Alfalfa Clones to the Potato Leafhopper

Time of development, survival, and plant preference of potato leafhopper nymphs, Empoasca fabae (Harris), were investigated for 15 selected alfalfa clones in the greenhouse, laboratory, and environmental control chamber. Results indicated significant differences among clones for length of nymphal development and nymphal feeding preference. A significant correlation was observed between long nymphal development and reduced nymphal survival. Additional studies indicated differences within the same clones for adult oviposition preference, plant yellowing resulting from both nymphal and adult feeding, and nymphal populations occurring under natural field infestations. Significant correlations were shown between plant color changes and nymphal populations, plant color changes and oviposition preference, as well as between nymphal populations and oviposition preference. The authors describe a new technique involving exposure of potted plants for a short time in the field to determine antibiosis of alfalfa clones to the potato leafhopper.
Amynothrips andersoni (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Thrips for the Biological Control of Alligatorweed. 1. Host Specificity Studies

The host specificity of Amynothrips andersoni O'Neill was determined in a series of feeding behavior and starvation tests conducted in the laboratory in Argentina and Uruguay. The host plant spectrum tested involved 21 different plant species belonging to 5 families and 11 genera. A slight amount of adult feeding (1–2%) was obtained on the test plant, Polygonum aviculare L., but was not observed to occur on field plants. Observation and study of 46 plant species in nature also demonstrated an absence of thrips or their feeding. The results of these laboratory tests and observations confirm earlier observations indicating that this thrips is associated only with Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. and A. hassleriana Chod.
Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of DSM-5 traits

Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edi.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) contains a system for diagnosing personality disorder based in part on assessing 25 maladaptive traits. Initial research suggests that this aspect of the system improves the validity and clinical utility of the Section II Model. The Computer Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder (CAT-PD; Simms et al., 2011) contains many similar traits as the DSM-5, as well as several additional traits seemingly not covered in the DSM-5. In this study we evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity between the DSM-5 traits, as assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2012), and CAT-PD in an undergraduate sample, and test whether traits included in the CAT-PD but not the DSM-5 provide incremental validity in association with clinically relevant criterion variables. Results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the PID-5 and CAT-PD scales in their assessment of 23 out of 25 DSM-5 traits. DSM-5 traits were consistently associated with 11 criterion variables, despite our having intentionally selected clinically relevant criterion constructs not directly assessed by DSM-5 traits. However, the additional CAT-PD traits provided incremental information above and beyond the DSM-5 traits for all criterion variables examined. These findings support the validity of pathological trait models in general and the DSM-5 and CAT-PD models in particular, while also suggesting that the CAT-PD may include additional traits for consideration in future iterations of the DSM-5 system. (PsycINFO Database Record
Transformation to a recovery-oriented model of care on a veterans administration inpatient unit.

Objectives Recovery-oriented care is among the highest treatment priorities for the Veteran Health Administration, which has endorsed organizational change of mental health care to reflect recovery values. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine whether recovery interventions would yield positive outcomes when delivered on in inpatient psychiatry. Method Recovery interventions on the unit included recovery-focused interdisciplinary team meetings, opportunities for stakeholder feedback, recovery staff education, increased group programming, peer support, and changes to treatment planning to include increased Veteran engagement and responsibility. Participants included 352 patients and 27 staff. Outcomes were number of restraints/seclusions used, 30-day readmission rates, and staff satisfaction. Results Our results showed an overall decrease in restraint/seclusion use by over 50% and an increase in staff satisfaction. Conclusions and implications for practice Our results suggest that implementing a recovery-oriented model of care in an acute psychiatric inpatient unit may have significant benefits for both staff and patients. (PsycINFO Database Record
Conceptualizations of Divorced Fathers and Interventions to Support Involvement

ABSTRACTThis review provides a discussion on how divorced fathers have been conceptualized in both quantitative and qualitative research beginning in the 1970s and moving through the present day. Next, it provides a theoretical lens with which to discuss divorced fathers. Finally, it discusses current interventions focused on divorced fathers with an explanation on increasing the likelihood divorced fathers attend such interventions.
Breaking the Boundaries: The People Show, Lumiere & Son and Hesitate and Demonstrate

Neglected by British theatre critics and largely unknown to American audiences, The People Show [Photo 8], Lumiere & Son and Hesitate and Demonstrate have produced some of the most significant work seen on British stages during the past twenty-five years. Their particular form of performance, which challenges the role of text in production in order to explore the potential of theatrical imagery, is unique in context with most of British theatre which can be characterized in terms of its strong literary bias. Referred to variously as ‘performance art’, ‘theatre’ or simply as ‘performance theatre’, the work of these three companies has played a crucial role in the development of the British alternative theatre movement since the 1960s. During the 1980s and early 1990s, when drastic cuts in arts funding by the Thatcher administration resulted in the demise of countless fringe groups, the innovative work of The People Show, Lumiere & Son and Hesitate and Demonstrate has largely continued to flourish.
The Promise of Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges.

Medicine is on the cusp of a remarkable transformative change fueled by the prospect of an acceleration and augmentation in knowledge generation and application.1 Medicine improved as it transitioned from being based on belief to becoming anchored in science. We were limited, however, in our ability to learn from clinical practice, even though natural experiments were occurring every day. Our methods tended to be reductionist, our data crude, our samples constrained, and our inferences speculative. This inability to learn quickly, easily, and meaningfully from everyday clinical practice is yielding to new capabilities and opportunities. The shift is occurring as a result of advances in computational power and mathematical applications in concert with a rapid growth in the availability of data. Even changes in the last 5 years have produced breathtaking capabilities. We now have the computational heft to handle large, complex, high-dimensional data. We have mathematical applications that enable us to avoid the need to reduce the complexity of the data, maximizing the relevance of the data to patients seen in practice. And we have just experienced a remarkable advance in data availability through transformation of medical data and documentation into digital format. A precision medicine future, with the generation of personalized estimates of risk of outcomes and response to various therapies, paradoxically depends on being able to analyze data from massive numbers of people. Only with such numbers can the heterogeneity of risk and response be revealed—and can each individual be understood in the context of the experience of people like them who have preceded them in the …
The Fast Sweeping Method for Stationary Hamilton–Jacobi Equations

Abstract Hamilton–Jacobi equations are a type of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations that arise in many applications such as optimal control, game theory, moving interface problems, geophysics and seismology, computer vision and image processing. The fast sweeping method (FSM) is a simple and efficient iterative numerical method that can achieve optimal complexity for solving stationary convex Hamilton–Jacobi equations. In this chapter, we will give a brief survey on the FSM, its modification/extension to more general hyperbolic problems and its many successful applications in geophysics, optimal control, image processing and computer vision.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hybrubin A

Here, we report the first total synthesis of hybrubin A, a bipyrrole tetramic acid alkaloid representing a new carbon framework derived from convergent (truncated red cluster and exogenous hbn cluster) biosynthetic pathways. A highly convergent synthesis was developed, employing 4-methoxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one (13) as a single starting material to provide hybrubin A in three steps from 13 and 20.8% overall yield. As no biological activity was prescribed to hybrubin A except for a lack of cytotoxicity, we further profiled this unique alkaloid across panels of discrete molecular targets. Interestingly, hybrubin A was found to be a ligand for a variety of GPCRs with a propensity for potent binding across therapeutically relevant adenosine receptors (A1, A2a, and A3) as well as a potent activity at a kinase, FLT3. This pattern of biological activity is distinct from other related prodigiosin natural and unnatural products and is even more intriguing in the absence of cytotoxicity.
Effect of investigator observation on gait parameters in individuals with and without chronic low back pain.

Abstract Despite the ubiquity of gait assessment in clinic and research, it is unclear how observation impacts gait, particularly in persons with chronic pain and psychological stress. We compared temporal spatial gait patterns in people with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP) when they were aware and unaware of being observed. This was a repeated-measures, deception study in 55 healthy persons (32.0 ± 12.4 yr, 24.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) and persons with CLBP (51.9 ± 17.9 yr, 27.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2). Participants performed one condition in which they were unaware of observation (UNW), and three conditions under investigator observation: (1) aware of observation (AWA), (2) investigators watching cadence, (3) investigators watching step length. Participants walked across an 8.4 m gait mat, while temporal spatial parameters of gait were collected. The Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed. Significant condition by group interactions were found for velocity and step length (p
Contingency waste disposal and energy conversion decision support model

Managing solid waste is an enduring issue for many U.S. and combined force contingency operations. While various options have been explored to mitigate the problem, there are significant drawbacks and cost implications to many of these alter natives. Therefore, a systematic analysis of various expeditionary solid waste disposal options was conducted to develop a multi-objective decision model, which should aid decision-makers' planning for future operations and acquisition decisions. The decision model was built using the value-focused thinking approach and incorporated quantitative and qualitative values in conjunction with cost. This was accomplished by developing a hierarchy of waste management objectives, which improves performance utilization of scarce expeditionary resources. The research also included an economic analysis to evaluate each alternative compared to a baseline operation. The intent of the research was to increase the mission effectiveness of deployed military units, maintain Department of Defense environmental compliance, and strengthen the resilience of the U.S. military energy portfolio. The primary conclusion of the research is that current waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies represent a justifiable investment and contribute significant value in certain contingency environments if forward operating base processes are designed to accommodate and apply WTE technologies.