cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of heritability by offspring-parent regression when observations do not have a common mean

Offspring-parent regression is a simple method for estimating heritability. This method yields unbiased estimates even when parents are selected. The usual model in offspring-parent regression assumes that observations have the same mean. This assumption, however, is not met in many situations. A method for estimating heritability by offspring-parent regression when observations do not have a common mean is presented. The estimator is distributed as a multiple of a t random variable centered at its parametric value and is unbiased even when the parents are selected. When observations have a common mean, the method reduces to the “usual” regression estimator.
Neurodegeneration: How Does Parkin Prevent Parkinson's Disease?

Mutations in parkin cause Parkinson's disease due to the loss of the ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of Parkin protein. Recent data suggest we may be beginning to understand the nature of the proteins that are targeted by Parkin and how these cause neuronal damage.
Client and service characteristics associated with addiction treatment completion of clients with co-occurring disorders

The study examines client and service characteristics of addiction treatment completers and non-completers with co-occurring disorders (COD). On demographic variables, completers were more likely to be male and homeless. In the psychiatric domain, a greater proportion of completers received diagnoses of depression and generalized anxiety disorder, whereas non-completers were more often diagnosed with bipolar disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. No group differences were found in client-reported psychiatric symptom severity; however, non-completers were rated by clinicians as having more severe symptoms in the areas of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and hostility. In the area of substance use patterns, no differences were found in primary substance of abuse but completers reported more days of use during the month prior to treatment. Completers also had a greater history of both prior detox and non-detox treatment. At discharge, completers achieved higher rates of past month abstinence and AA attendance, but no differences were found in length of stay in treatment. Examination of recovery support services utilization revealed that completers more often received peer mentoring services. Greater proportions of the non-completer group received educational support, clothing, medical care, and employment assistance. These results suggest that future studies are needed in examining possible differential treatment response by diagnostic category and the potential role of peer mentoring in enhancing addiction treatment completion of COD clients.
Non-Radiographic Weaning of Mean Airway Pressure (MAP) during High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) in Adult New Zealand Rabbits 1695

Non-Radiographic Weaning of Mean Airway Pressure (MAP) during High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) in Adult New Zealand Rabbits 1695
Dynamics of multicomponent diffusion with zero flux planes

Abstract Multicomponent diffusion induces zero flux planes (ZFPs) that are locations in a diffusion couple where fluxes of individual components vanish. We analyze the kinetics of multicomponent diffusion near ZFPs. In contrast to the usual mixing that occurs between alloys in a diffusion couple, where the average component compositions are approached through ‘global’ exchange of atoms, the presence of a ZFP requires that mixing of the blocked component occurs through the release of coupled diffusion waves consisting of a ‘depletion’ wave that reduces the blocked component concentration in the component-rich alloy, and a ‘repletion’ wave that increases the concentration in the component-poor alloy. Each wave establishes the average (equilibrium) concentration unilaterally on either side of the Matano plane. Multicomponent diffusion behaviors, such as slowed diffusive spreading and reduced atomic transport, are associated with the near collocation of multiple ZFPs, and the proximity of a zero flux plane for the major component.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Address Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Gay Men

This article considers how social-cultural pressures place many gay men at heightened risk for body image dissatisfaction and consequent engagement in addictive behaviors that include excessive exercise, bingeing, and purging. Working from a minority stress and self-objectification theoretical lens, the pressures that many gay men face from mainstream society as well as the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community are explored. This review ends with a discussion of how Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an innovative, culturally salient treatment model to address these concerns for gay men.
Thermal lens spectroscopy of plutonium using a laser diode and fiber optics

Abstract A thermal lens spectrometer for the analysis of Pu(VI) in liquids is described. The use of fiber optics and a pulsed laser diode excitation source results in a compact system which can be adapted to measurements in process streams or in the field. The detection limit is 1 × 10 −6 M Pu(VI) at 831 nm. The performance of the laser-diode-based spectrometer for Pu(VI) detection is comparable with that of dye-laser-based photothermal or photoacoustic spectroscopy.
Phyllotaxis, phenology and architecture in Cephalotaxus, Torreya and Amentotaxus (Coniferales)

In Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxus and Torreya there is a regular seasonal alternation of foliage leaves and bud-scales, with foliage leaves largely preformed, i.e. initiated in the season before they expand. On most plagiotropic shoots phyllotaxis in the production of foliage leaves may be either bijugate (Cephalotaxus,Torreya ) or decussate (Amentotaxus). In bijugate phyllotaxis successive leaf pairs originate at an angle of about 68° to each other, i.e. approximately one-half of the «ideal» or Fibonacci angle of 137.5°. Secondary leaf orientation in Cephalotaxus and Torreya, by twisting of the leaf base, produces the dorsiventrality of plagiotropic shoots, whereas in Amentotaxus secondary orientation involves a twisting of the stem internode as well as the leaf base. In Cephalotaxus the bijugate condition is constant in the production of the numerous but imprecise number of bud-scales and in the production of foliage leaves. However, in Torreya the phyllotaxis changes from bijugate in the production of foliage leaves to decussate in the production of bud-scales, which are constant in number (about eight pairs). This allows a precise analysis of the biphasic production of leaf primordia in the seasonal cycle. The phyllotactic change inTorreya may not be the result of reported changes in shoot apex dimensions since Cephalotaxus, with its constant phyllotaxis, has a comparable seasonal change in apex dimensions. Information on architecture, chirality and cone morphology is also included.
The bovine guanylate cyclase GC-E gene and 5' flanking region.

Abstract The gene encoding the bovine guanylate cyclase isoform E ( GC-E ) was isolated as a single 18 kb genomic clone and shown to have 20 exons and 19 introns. Comparison of the structure of the GC-E gene with structures of other membrane guanylate cyclase genes indicates that the GC-E is most closely related to the subfamily of sensory guanylate cyclases. Comparison of the GC-E structure with that of the more distantly related guanylate cyclase isoform A ( GC-A ) gene shows the most divergence in the extracellular and C-terminal regions, but general conservation of introns and exons in the intracellular kinase-like and catalytic domains. RT-PCR from several bovine tissues shows that GC-E is expressed only in the retina. Consistent with this pattern of expression, elements for the retinal-specific transcription factors RET-1, RET-2 and Tα-1 are located in the 5′ flanking promoter region.
10 Changes in TNFR1 Levels in the First Week Post-Myeloablative Allogeneic BMT Correlate with GVHD and TRM in Pediatric Pts.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), the major cause of treatment-related mortality (TRM) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We tested the hypothesis that early rises in TNF (on day 7 following BMT) predict the development of significant GVHD and TRM. Ratios of soluble TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) levels (day 7 level/pre-BMT level) was used as a surrogate marker for TNF in 440 myeloablative allogeneic BMT pts with a median age of 42y (range 0-65y). There were 269 (61%) related donors pts and 171 (39%) unrelated donors pts. 82 pts (19%) of this cohort were children 17y and younger of whom 38 were related donor pts (46%), 38 unrelated donor pts (46%) and 6 cord blood pts (8%). The median day of onset of GVHD 2-4 was 27d. For the entire cohort, the mean day 7 TNFR1 ratio correlated with severity of GVHD (p<0.001). When analyzed for pediatric pts only, higher TNFR1 ratio continued to correlate with increasing severity of GVHD (p = 0.01). The highest quartile of day 7 TNFR1 ratios also strongly correlated with likelihood of GVHD 2-4, 1yTRM, and 1y survival in the complete cohort and children only.
Sociological Analyses of Japanese Society in Japan, 2005–2010

Japanese sociologists’ work on Japanese society from 2005 through 2010 is critically examined. Articles published in the Japanese Sociological Review (JSR) during this period are analyzed along with books reviewed in the same journal. These publications are classified by their substantive areas and types of inquiries (quantitative, qualitative, theory, etc.). ‘Culture and social consciousness’ is the area where the largest numbers of articles and books have been recognized by JSR, followed by ‘class, stratification, and mobility’ and ‘industry, labor, and organization’. Overall characteristics of sociological studies of Japanese society in Japan are summarized. The discrepancy between contemporary social phenomena and sociological research is also noted, using an example of freeters and neets, among others.
The one pion exchange contribution to the weak parity violating nucleon-nucleon potential

Abstract The one pion exchange contribution to the weak parity violating nucleon-nucleon potential is calculated by relating the weak NNπ vertex to the nonleptonic hyperon decays by the Suzuki-Sugarawa method. It is also shown that the G parity odd part of the weak Hamiltonian cannot contribute to the potential.
Screening for sources of interindividual pharmacokinetic variability in anticancer drug therapy: utility of population analysis.

Most cytotoxic drugs are characterized by a narrow therapeutic index, such that clinically effective doses are associated with some degree of acute or delayed toxicity. In cancer chemotherapy, the ...
Direct NMR detection of bifurcated hydrogen bonding in the α-helix N-caps of ankyrin repeat proteins.

In biomolecules, bifurcated H-bonds typically involve the interaction of two donor protons with the two lone pairs of oxygen. Here, we present direct NMR evidence for a bifurcated H-bonding arrangement involving nitrogen as the acceptor atom. Specifically, the H-bond network comprises the Nδ1 atom of histidine and both the backbone N–H and side-chain Oγ-H of threonine within the conserved TXXH motif of ankyrin repeat (AR) proteins. Identification of the H-bonding partners is achieved via solution NMR H-bond scalar coupling (HBC) and H/D isotope shift experiments. Quantitative determination of 2hJNN HBCs supports that Thr N–H···Nδ1 His H-bonds within internal repeats are stronger (∼4 Hz) than in the solvent exposed C-terminal AR (∼2 Hz). In agreement, pKa values for the buried histidines bridging internal ARs are several units lower than those of the C-terminus. Quantum chemical calculations show that the relevant 2hJ and 1hJ couplings are dominated by the Fermi contact interaction. Finally, a Thr-to-Val r...
Catalyst influence on the flame synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

Abstract Since prepared substrates offer an appropriate method for the selective production of uniform arrays of aligned CNTs and CNFs, it is important to illustrate the influence of different catalysts on the resulting nanostructures. This investigation characterizes the activity of three catalysts—iron in alloyed form as stainless steel, nickel, and platinum—on carbon nanostructure formation under identical conditions in an ethylene/air nonpremixed flame. We have synthesized well-aligned multi-walled CNTs (on Ni) and CNFs (on stainless steel). The third transition metal Pt produces CNF structures of a different kind, and its activity has not been previously characterized in flames. The catalyst and gas-phase conditions leading to the formation of these different structures are discussed.
Suture anchor loading after rotator cuff repair: Effects of an additional lateral row

Hypothesis Our initial hypothesis was that the medial row of double-row rotator cuff repair techniques would bear most of the load on the repaired cuff. Materials and methods Six cadaver shoulders underwent simulated rotator cuff repairs using sequential single row, double-row, and suture-bridge repair techniques. Suture tensions at each anchor were measured for several static, simulated shoulder positions by specially designed, instrumented anchors. Results Significantly greater suture tensions were measured in the anchors in a single row repair construct than either the double row repair or suture bridge repair construct ( P P = .032) increased loads on the anterior and posterior anchors by at least 125%. Discussion Forces are transmitted through the entire portion of the tendon at its humeral fixation, loading the lateral anchors as well as the medial row for the techniques studied. This “load sharing” can explain the higher fixation strengths of double row techniques seen experimentally. Conclusion The magnitude and distribution of anchor suture tensions could have important implications for lateral row fixation devices and post-operative positioning and activity. Level of Evidence Basic Science.
Defect states in Ge chalcogenides observed by photoluminescence and ESR

Photoluminescence studies of melt-quenched GexSe1−x (0.2 < x < 0.43) glasses reveal two unresolved components with broad linewidths and large Stokes shifts. The lines have differing excitation spectra, composition dependences and decay lifetimes. Two distinct singly occupied localized states are also observed by optically induced ESR, and are distinguished by different composition dependences, microwave saturation, excitation wavelength dependences and annealing temperatures. These states are interpreted as defect states with negative correlation energy, originating from Ge and Se atoms. The annealing properties of luminescence fatigue and induced ESR indicate that at least one of the defects is common to both experiments. The annealing kinetics of ESR is reported and supports a model of recombination by tunnelling between singly occupied sites. A large increase in the luminescence linewidth is observed at the composition Ge37Se63. It is suggested that the reason is an anomalously large disorder potential that originates from the introduction of GeGe bonding states at the valence band edge.
Proteome-wide enrichment of proteins modified by lysine methylation.

We present a protocol for using the triple malignant brain tumor domains of L3MBTL1 (3xMBT), which bind to mono- and di-methylated lysine with minimal sequence specificity, in order to enrich for such methylated lysine from cell lysates. Cells in culture are grown with amino acids containing light or heavy stable isotopic labels. Methylated proteins are enriched by incubating cell lysates with 3xMBT, or with the binding-null D355N mutant as a negative control. Quantitative liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are then used to identify proteins that are specifically enriched by 3xMBT pull-down. The addition of a third isotopic label allows the comparison of protein lysine methylation between different biological conditions. Unlike most approaches, our strategy does not require a prior hypothesis of candidate methylated proteins, and it recognizes a wider range of methylated proteins than any available method using antibodies. Cells are prepared by growing in isotopic labeling medium for about 7 d; the process of enriching methylated proteins takes 3 d and analysis by LC-MS/MS takes another 1–2 d.
Thrombolysis for ischemic stroke associated with infective endocarditis: results from the nationwide inpatient sample

Background and Purpose—Cerebral ischemic events are highly prevalent and associated with high rates of death and disability in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, the role of thrombolysis in these patients remains unclear. We sought to determine the rates and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients with IE treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods—We determined the rates of post-thrombolytic intracerebral hemorrhage and favorable outcome among acute ischemic stroke patients with IE treated with IVT. Patients were identified using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2002 to 2010. We compared the rates of various outcomes with ischemic stroke patients without IE treated with IVT. Results—There were 222 patients (mean age 59±18 years; 46% women) who were treated with IVT for acute ischemic stroke associated with IE and 134 048 patients (mean age 69±15 years; 49% women) who were treated for stroke without IE. The rate of post-thrombolytic intracerebral hemorrhage was significan...
Application of 222Rn and CH4 for assessment of groundwater discharge to the coastal ocean

Groundwater discharge is a neglected source of freshwater and dissolved constituents to the ocean. It can occur via diffuse seepage and point source spring discharge. Two naturally occurring trace gases, 222 Rn and CH 4 , are present in groundwater at concentrations that are elevated by several orders of magnitude relative to seawater, and they may be useful in tracing groundwater inputs to surface waters. Water samples collected near a submarine spring in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico displayed radon and methane concentrations inversely related to salinity and considerably greater than those found in surrounding waters. Coastal water 222 Rn and CH 4 inventories varied directly with groundwater seepage rates. The integrated quantities of 222 Rn and CH 4 in the nearshore waters overlying a seepage meter transect showed a significant positive
Anti-endothelial properties of 1,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3, a natural metabolite of calcitriol.

Background: Calcitriol [1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ] is a strong anti-proliferative agent both in vitro and in vivo. Earlier studies have established that calcitriol inhibits the growth factor-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) and angiogenesis. However, the lethal calcemic side effects of calcitriol prohibit its use as a therapeutic agent. Several analogs of vitamin D have been developed to minimize these calcemic side effects. 1,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D 3 (3-epiD 3 ), a naturally formed vitamin D metabolite is one such analog. Objective: To demonstrate that 3-epiD 3 , a calcitriol analog, inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Results: Treatment of EC with 3-epiD 3 showed 60% inhibition (P < 0.006) of proliferation. Cell viability assays corroborated these results. Pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity was increased fourfold (P < 0.01) in 3-epiD 3 -treated cells over controls. 3-epiD 3 induced apoptosis in EC as shown by genomic DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis of 3-cpiD 3 -treated EC revealed a G0/G1 arrest. Conclusions: 3-epiD 3 , a low-calcemic, natural analog of calcitriol, inhibits EC proliferation by causing a G0/G1 arrest and induces apoptosis more effectively than 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . These results suggest that 3-epiD 3 is a potent inhibitor of EC growth.
ANXIETY ABOUT MATHEMATICS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD THE METRIC SYSTEM

While Congress authorized a change-over to the metric system in 1975, the majority of Americans remain opposed to its adoption (Gallup, 1977). Systematic attempts to determine the source of this opposition appear to be lacking. T o the extent that converting from our current system of measurement to the metric system requires individuals to use mathematical reasoning, the opposition may stern from unfavorable attitudes towards mathematics. This investigation was designed to determine if level of anxiety about mathematics was related to attitudes towards the metric system. Specifically, we hypothesized that individuals with elevated levels of anxiety about mathematics would be more opposed to adoption of the metric system than individuals low in such anxiety. Subjects were 69 undergraduates (26 men, 43 women) who completed the FennemaSherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale (Fennema & Sherman, 1976) and an instrument designed to measure attitudes towards the metric s y ~ t e m . ~ The mean scores for men were 41.04 ( S D = 8.65) on the math anxiety scale and 21.6 ( S D = 4.85) for the attitudes toward the metric system scale. The mean scores for 'women were 39.69 (SD = 12.11) for the anxiety scale and 22.3 (SD = 5.34) for the attitudes toward the metric system scale. r tests indicated no significant sex differences on either instrument. Pearson correlations between the Fennerna-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale and the attitudes toward the metric system scale were -.41 ( p .05) for men. These results indicate that for women, but not men, high anxiety about mathematics is related to negative attitudes towards adoption of the metric system. Attempts on the part of educators to convert women to the metric system might consider redccing the level of anxien, about mathematics as a means of obtaining this goal.
Depositional environments of Late Eocene lignite-bearing strata, east-central Texas

Late Eocene lignites in the Brazos River Valley area occur in parasequence-scale cycles containing mostly marine sediments. Lignite is present at the base of the marine interval and forms the base of the cycle in a majority of cases. Less frequently, lignite is underlain by a thin interval of nonmarine deposits that form the base of the cycle. In both situations, the lignite is part of a thin transgressive interval. Cycles are separated by an exposure surface, usually marked by plant rooting and/or development of a paleosol in the top of the underlying sediments. Peat accumulated on top of these exposure surfaces and lignite is preserved where marine flooding allowed ocean waters to cover the peat deposits with fine grained sediments, producing high-ash lignite horizons of great lateral extent but variable thickness and quality. This strandplain model of lignite occurrence provides a better understanding of Late Eocene lignites in Texas than the deltaic or fluvial-deltaic models previously used. The strandplain model of lignite occurrence is appropriate for most of the Yegua-Jackson lignites (Middle-Late Eocene) of Texas and should be considered when evaluating depositional conditions of Paleogene lignites in the northern Gulf Coast region. A re-evaluation of Late Eocene stratigraphy of the Brazos Valley area accompanies the documentation of depositional environments.
The quality of expertise: implications of expert-novice differences for knowledge acquisition

Recognizing that the knowledge of experts is qualitatively and not just quantitatively different from the knowledge of novices is an important pre-requisite to conducting effective knowledge acquisition. This article reviews the current cognitive research on expertise and proposes seven ways in which the knowledge of experts is different from the knowledge of novices, including such aspects as underlying schema, goal-orientation, practical focus, categorical chunking, cognitive complexity, automaticity of expert problem solving, and finally, the episodic nature of expert memory. The paper concludes with an outline of several implications that follow from this research including showing why knowledge acquisition will remain problematic without knowledge of experts' knowledge, as well as making a number of specific suggestions for those who need to elicit expert knowledge for knowledge-based systems.
Big Gods and other watcher mechanisms in the formation of large groups

Norenzayan's effort to integrate genetic and cultural evolution is a welcome advance over previous efforts, as is the attention he devotes to different levels of analysis from cognitive mechanisms to large group interactions. The scope of Norenzayan's argument, however, is bound to leave many scholars of religion feeling uneasy. The content of his model, which is most likely over specified, will need further testing in light of historical evidence. Comparison of Big Gods with Robert Bellah's Religion in Human Evolution (2011) highlights some of the choices Norenzayan made in designing his model and suggests ways it could be elaborated. Historians of religion who would like to help test his model could keep an eye out for ‘watcher mechanisms’ that might play more of a role than ‘moralizing Big Gods’ in some traditions and, thus, potentially offer an alternative route to large, anonymous, yet stable groups.
Speaking Ill of the Dead: Anonymity and Communication About Suicide on MyDeathSpace.com

From birth to death, many individuals chronicle their lives online through blogs, pictures, games, Web sites, and social networks. Online spaces, created by the living about the dead, provide a glimpse into often invisible or silent grieving practices. To investigate the role computer-mediated communication (CMC) plays in influencing communication surrounding the often private and taboo topic of suicide, we analyzed the comments sections of MyDeathSpace.com. Our results suggest both a breaking down of social taboos (speaking ill of the dead) and a reaffirming of strict social norms (enforcing a narrow range of acceptable presentation of identity and purpose in life), highlighting how anonymity as a characteristic of CMC can influence our online communication about death.
Factors in Maximal Power Production and in Exercise Endurance Relative to Maximal Power

The relationship of muscle fiber type and mass to maximal power production and the maintenance of power (endurance time to exhaustion) at 36%, 55%, and 73% of maximal power was investigated in 18 untrained but physically active men. Power output was determined at constant pedalling rate (60 rev.min-1) on a cycle ergometer instrumented with force transducers and interfaced with a computer. Maximal power was determined for each subject as the highest one-revolution average power. Fat-free mass was determined by hydrostatic weighing, fat-free thigh volume by water displacement and skinfold measurement, and percentage and area of type II fibers from biopsy specimens taken from the vastus lateralis. Maximal power averaged 771 +/- 149 W with a range of 527-1125 W. No significant correlations were found among percentage of type II fibers, relative area of type II fibers, or fat-free thigh volume and maximal power or endurance times to exhaustion at any percentage of maximal power. Weak but significant relationships were found for fat-free mass with both maximal power (r = 0.57) and endurance time at 73% of maximal power (r = -0.47). These results show maximal power to be more dependent on factors related to body size than muscle-fiber characteristics. The low correlations for so many of the relationships, however, suggest that individuals employ either different combinations of these factors or utilize other strategies for the generation of high power.
ACTIONS OF BRETYLIUM AND GUANETHIDINE ON THE UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF [3H]-NORADRENAUNE

The effect of bretylium and guanethidine has been studied on the uptake and the spontaneous and reserpine-induced release of [3H]-noradrenaline in the rat heart and in the splenic nerve endings of the cat. Bretylium and guanethidine inhibited the uptake by the heart of circulating [3H]-noradrenaline. Bretylium blocked spontaneous and reserpine-induced release of [3H]-noradrenaline, while guanethidine caused release and partially antagonized the reserpine-induced release. Both compounds produced a transient liberation of [3H]-noradrenaline from splenic nerves, but blocked the release of the [3H]-catechol amine following stimulation of the splenic nerve.
Pulmonary perfusion: Qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using ultra‐short TE and inversion recovery turbo FLASH

The accurate assessment of pulmonary perfusion is especially important in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, a common and potentially lethal disorder that can be treated by aggressive anticoagulation. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the use of MR to image pulmonary perfusion in humans by using dynamic imaging after contrast administration. The technique, which uses an inversion recovery turbo FLASH sequence with ultrashort TE (1.4 ms) and 1-s temporal resolution, was tested in a series of eight healthy subjects and in a porcine model of pulmonary embolism. After the administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine in humans and animal models, there was serial enhancement of the systemic veins, right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arterial tree was visualized beyond the segmental branches, followed by a gradual diffuse increase in signal intensity of the lung parenchyma over a period of 4.0-7.0 s. Pulmonary circulation times ranged from 3.0-3.4 s. Whereas a high dose (20 or 40 ml) of contrast agent tended to produce the most intense parenchymal enhancement, a low dose (5 ml) was best for showing recirculation. In the animal model, a perfusion defect due to a pulmonary embolus was clearly shown and confirmed by cine angiography. It is concluded that MRI of lung perfusion is feasible. With further development, perfusion MRI could eventually have a significant clinical role in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary embolism.
EMI noise mode transformation due to propagation path unbalance in three-phase motor drive system and its implication to EMI filter design

EMI filter design is often influenced by the noise transformations between the common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM), which is mainly due to the system unbalance. In this paper, the analysis of the intrinsic and EMI filter unbalance existing in the EMI noise propagation path of the dc-fed three-phase motor drive system is carried out. CM path unbalance in the circuit model is investigated with an example switching state in three-phase space vector pulse-width-modulation (SVPWM). Noise transformation from CM to DM is then verified with prototype experiments. The influence of the DM filter component unbalance on the DM propagation path is analyzed with simulation. After that, the transformation of the DM noise to CM is validated with tests. Influence of the unbalance and noise mode transformation on the EMI filter design is discussed and a comprehensive design procedure for high density EMI filter is proposed.
Distributed Sensor Perception via Sparse Representation

In this paper, sensor network scenarios are considered where the underlying signals of interest exhibit a degree of sparsity, which means that in an appropriate basis, they can be expressed in terms of a small number of nonzero coefficients. Following the emerging theory of compressive sensing (CS), an overall architecture is considered where the sensors acquire potentially noisy projections of the data, and the underlying sparsity is exploited to recover useful information about the signals of interest, which will be referred to as distributed sensor perception. First, we discuss the question of which projections of the data should be acquired, and how many of them. Then, we discuss how to take advantage of possible joint sparsity of the signals acquired by multiple sensors, and show how this can further improve the inference of the events from the sensor network. Two practical sensor applications are demonstrated, namely, distributed wearable action recognition using low-power motion sensors and distributed object recognition using high-power camera sensors. Experimental data support the utility of the CS framework in distributed sensor perception.
NONLINEAR MESON THEORY OF NUCLEAR FORCES. III. QUANTIZATION OF THE NEUTRAL SCALAR CASE WITH NONLINEAR COUPLING

The problem of a number of infinitely massive point nucleons interacting according to the neutral scalar meson theory with a nonlinear coupling of the power-law type was considered classically in an earlier paper. It was found there that the interaction is the same as with the usual linear coupling. This system is now quantized, and it is shown that the same conclusion is valid in quantum theory. The case of exponential coupling, considered by Glauber, lies outside the scope of the present investigation.
On the estimation of T-wave alternans using the spectral fast fourier transform method

Background T-wave alternans (TWA) has been associated with increased vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, both random (white) noise and (patho)physiologic processes (ie, premature ventricular contractions and heart and respiration rates) may hamper TWA estimation and therefore lessen its clinical utility for risk stratification. Objective To investigate the effect of random noise and certain (patho)physiologic processes on the estimation of TWA by using the fast Fourier transform method and to develop methods to overcome these potential sources of error. Methods We used a combination of human electrocardiogram data and computer simulations to assess the effects of a premature ventricular contraction and random and colored noise on the accuracy of TWA estimation. Results We quantitatively demonstrate that replacing a "bad" beat with an odd/even median beat is a more accurate approach than replacing it with the overall average or the overall median beat. We also show that phase resetting may have a significant effect on alternans estimation and that estimation of alternans by using frequencies >0.4922 cycles/beat in a 128-point fast Fourier transform provides the most accurate approach for estimating the alternans when phase resetting is likely to occur. In addition, our data demonstrate that the number of indeterminate TWA tests due to high levels of noise can be reduced when the alternans voltage exceeds a new higher threshold. Furthermore, the amplitude of random noise has a significant effect on alternans estimation and the alternans voltage threshold should be adjusted for noise levels >1.8 μV. Finally, we quantitatively demonstrate that colored noise may lead to a false-positive or a false-negative result. We propose methods to estimate the effect of these (patho)physiologic processes on the alternans estimation in order to determine whether a TWA test is likely to be a true positive or a true negative. Conclusion This study introduces novel methods to overcome potential sources of error in the estimation of TWA. These methods may improve the utility of TWA either for ambulatory monitoring or for clinical risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Biochemical studies of a new antitumor agent, O2,2′-cyclocytidine

Abstract Cyclocytidine, O 2 ,2′-cyclocytidine (cyclo-C), structurally related to 1-β- d -arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C), inhibits the incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into DNA of L1210 leukemia cells both in vivo and in vitro , and human normal marrow cells and leukemic cells in vitro ; but it has no effect on uridine or l -valine incorporation. The inhibition is proportional to the dose, and on an equimolar basis in vivo , cyclo-C shows a lesser but longer lasting effect than ara-C. Cyclo-C has no effect on thymidine incorporation into DNA of L1210 leukemic cells resistant to ara-C. Cyclo-C is stable in 0.1 M Tris buffer, pH 7.0, at 37° for the incubated 4-hr period, but at pH 9.0 for 1hr, > 90 per cent is hydrolyzed to ara-C. When cyclo-C was incubated at 37° for 60 min with plasma from various species, the supernatant from boiled human plasma, or Eagle's minimum essential medium, the only product found was ara-C. Ara-C was found in dog's plasma and urine 2 hr after the i.v. injection of 14 C-cyclo-C and in mouse urine 1 hr after the injection (i.p.). The above results suggest that cyclo-C is hydrolyzed to ara-C and may thus serve as a reservoir of ara-C. Intermittent treatment with cyclo-C may, therefore, replace the current clinical practice of 5-day continous intravenous infusion of ara-C.
Rapid self-matching modeling and optimization technique for submillimeter-wave Schottky-diode harmonic multipliers

A simple and rapid self-matching modified harmonic-balance technique for submillimeter-wave Schottky-diode harmonic multipliers is presented. This work combines the physically accurate diode model with a modified harmonic-balance algorithm to determine diode-circuit design that maximize power generation and/or power efficiency in the second harmonic. The modified harmonic-balance method utilizes a novel strategy where maximum-available diode power at second-harmonic. The modified harmonic-balance method utilizes a novel strategy where maximum-available diode power at second-harmonic frequency is first derived independently and then the corresponding higher harmonic voltages and currents are determined. This approach allows for the rapid determination of the matched embedding circuit and an optimized multiplier design. A direct comparison to traditional schemes is given to illustrate the general utility of this physics-based simulation. Specifically, this work demonstrates a computationally efficient and accurate physical description as well as a more robust approach for circuit optimization.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
MEASUREMENT OF SODIUM-INTAKE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BLOOD-PRESSURE AND SALIVARY SODIUM CONCENTRATION

Abstract The mean daily sodium intake was determined for 33 normotensive subjects by analysis of a 7 day 24 h urine collection. The intake range was 1.75–5.77 g Na/day with an intra-individual standard deviation of 1.08 g Na and an inter-individual standard deviation of 0.80 g Na giving a ratio of intra-to inter-individual variance of 1.82, 79% of the subjects were correctly classified into the approapriate tertile for sodium intake after the 7 day collection. The intake range for potassium was 1.54 to 4.2 g/day. No relationship was observed between blood pressure and sodium or potassium intake. Salivary sodium levels (both stimulated and unstimulated) were positiviely correlated with sodium excretion of the day preceding saliva collection.
FLUX-FLOW VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT OF TYPE-II SUPERCONDUCTORS IN THE MIXED STATE.

The finite-temperature flux-flow viscosity coefficient of type-II superconductors in the mixed state is studied in the low-magnetic-field region. Both the effect of the penetration of the electric fields due to the surface charge distribution of the normal core of one flux line into the normal core regions of its neighboring flux lines and the effect of the thermal conduction are included. The latter is particularly important for dirty type-II superconductors. (1) It is shown that for dirty type-II superconductors in a low-magnetic field there exists a resistance minimum at a certain temperature ${T}_{min}$, and that this temperature decreases with increasing magnetic field. This is in good agreement with the experimental data given by Kim, Hampstead, and Strnad. (2) The Hall angles for both the pure and the dirty type-II superconductors in the low-field region are shown to be consistent with the high-field experimental data, thus, explaining some of the mysterious features of the high-field data.
Mapping experiments with rII and b mutants of bacteriophage T4D.

Abstract A genetic analysis has been made of thirteen r II mutants of the phage T4D. These markers are located at eleven sites in two cistrons corresponding to those described by Benzer 1955 for T4B. Twelve host range mutants of T4D have been analyzed in a preliminary manner. These markers are located at at least seven sites, one on the second linkage group and the rest in a restricted segment of the third linkage group. These mutants differ from wild-type phage in their adsorption rates to the bacterial strain Escherichia coli K 12 4 . Phenotypic mixing has been demonstrated in a qualitative way for the progeny from a mixed infection of h and h + phage.
Studies on the Role of the Liver in the Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone I. Effects of Partial Hepatectomy and Incubation of the Hormone with Tissue Homogenates1

The rate of disappearance from blood of injected bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in intact, nephrectomized and partially hepatectomized rats. Both bilateral nephrectomy and partial hepatectomy resulted in a significant decrease in the PTH disappearance rate. No change was observed after partial hemorrhage, adrenalectomy or splenectomy. The PTH disappearance rate was not altered by pretreatment of the rats with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, SKF-525A, cortisol or Trasylol. Incubation in vitro of PTH with rat liver homogenate led to a rapid loss of the calcium-mobilizing, phosphaturic and immunological activities of the hormone. The factor in liver responsible for PTH inactivation is heat labile, and the extent of PTH inactivation is related to the amount of homogenate protein added to the incubation mixture. On the basis of tissue protein, kidney is about 5–6 times more active than liver in inactivating PTH; however, the mass of the liver is about 6 times that of kid...
Deploying an interactive machine learning system in an evidence-based practice center: abstrackr

Medical researchers looking for evidence pertinent to a specific clinical question must navigate an increasingly voluminous corpus of published literature. This data deluge has motivated the development of machine learning and data mining technologies to facilitate efficient biomedical research. Despite the obvious labor-saving potential of these technologies and the concomitant academic interest therein, however, adoption of machine learning techniques by medical researchers has been relatively sluggish. One explanation for this is that while many machine learning methods have been proposed and retrospectively evaluated, they are rarely (if ever) actually made accessible to the practitioners whom they would benefit. In this work, we describe the ongoing development of an end-to-end interactive machine learning system at the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center. More specifically, we have developed abstrackr, an online tool for the task of citation screening for systematic reviews. This tool provides an interface to our machine learning methods. The main aim of this work is to provide a case study in deploying cutting-edge machine learning methods that will actually be used by experts in a clinical research setting.
Comparative enzyme activity of saliva from the sheep, hog, dog, rabbit, rat, and human

Abstract Parotid and submaxillary saliva were collected from humans, sheep, hogs, dogs, and rabbits. Mixed saliva was collected from rats. All samples were assayed for acid and alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, pseudo-cholinesterase, and β- d -galactosidase. In addition, human secretions were also analysed for β-glucuronidase, while animal samples were analysed for α-amylase activity. The secretions from all species exhibited acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity. Alkaline phosphatase was demonstrable only in the salivary fluids of the sheep and rat. Pseudocholinesterase was found in all animals, with the exception of the parotid and submaxillary secretions of the rabbit and the submaxillary saliva of the sheep, while β- d -galactosidase activity was absent only in sheep and human secretions. Human salivary samples exhibited β-glucuronidase activity. Animal salivary samples demonstrated various degrees of α-amylase activity. The data gathered indicates the presence or absence of the above enzymes in various species involved, and also estimates their activity. The degree of enzymatic activity, both among the different species and in the secretions from the parotid and submaxillary glands of the same species, was often observed to be quite different.
Single subject research designs for disability research

Purpose : The objective of this article is to offer an overview of single subject designs and provide clinicians with information regarding the components of single subject designs and how they can be used in clinical and other rehabilitation environments. Method/Result : Three basic designs in single subject research are presented, with corresponding examples illustrating each design. A review of visual and statistical analysis techniques commonly used in single subject designs is provided, and the advantages and limitations of each are noted. Conclusion : Single subject designs are ideally suited for research in the rehabilitation practice environment. If properly applied, these designs can help establish the efficacy of rehabilitation practice and contribute to rehabilitation science.
Defining the intellectual structure of information systems and related college of business disciplines: a bibliometric analysis

Information systems permeate every business function, thereby requiring holistic Information Systems (IS) approaches. Much academic research is still discipline specific. More interdisciplinary research is needed to inform both industry and academe. Interdisciplinary research has been positively associated with increased levels of innovation, productivity and impact. IS research contributes to the knowledge creation and innovation within IS and other College of Business (COB) disciplines. This research defines the intellectual structures within IS and between IS and other COB disciplines. We use a large scale, diachronic bibliometric analysis of COB journals to assess reciprocal knowledge exchange and also to identify potential intra- and interdisciplinary publication outlets. Our findings show an increase in IS knowledge contributions to other COB disciplines, which supports the discussion that IS is a reference discipline. Our research also visually depicts the intellectual structures within IS and between IS and other COB disciplines. Anyone exploring research in IS and allied COB disciplines can peruse the proximity maps to identify groups of similar journals. The findings from this research inform decisions related to which journals to read, target as publication outlets, and include on promotion and tenure lists.
Resource Allocation for Power-Efficient TDMA Under Individual Rate Constraints

We deal with energy-efficiency issues and resource allocation policies for time division multi-access (TDMA) over fading channels under average individual rate constraints. Supposing that the channels are frequency-flat block-fading and transmitters have full channel state information (CSI), we minimize power under average individual rate constraints and show that the optimal rate and time allocation policies can be obtained by a gready water-filling strategy. Our approach not only provides fundamental power limits when each user can support an infinite number of capacity-achieving codebooks, but also yields guidelines for practical designs where users can only support a finite number of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) modes with prescribed symbol error probabilities.