cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On call paediatricians were not better than advice nurses for after hours medical advice in a general paediatric population.

Lee TJ, Baraff LJ, Guzy J, et al . Does telephone triage delay significant medical treatment? Advice nurse service vs on-call pediatricians. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:635–41. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q In a general paediatrics population, is medical advice from on call paediatricians compared with that from advice nurses associated with (1) fewer parents or guardians seeking unadvised medical care, and (2) fewer parents or guardians obtaining unadvised significant care for their children? ### ![Graphic][5] Design: randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][6] Allocation: concealed. ### ![Graphic][7] Blinding: blinded (healthcare providers). ### ![Graphic][8] Follow up period: 72 hours. ### ![Graphic][9] Setting: a university general paediatrics faculty practice in Los Angeles, California, USA. ### ![Graphic][10] Patients: 1182 parents or guardians who called for after hours telephone advice from the on call paediatrician regarding their children (mean age 3 y, 55% boys). Exclusion criteria: calls not for medical advice, calls for emergency medical conditions, and calls in which the callers were unable to consent (eg, non-English speaking or not … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BPediatrics%2Band%2BAdolescent%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BPediatr%2BAdolesc%2BMed%26rft.issn%253D0002-922X%26rft.aulast%253DLee%26rft.auinit1%253DT.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D157%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D635%26rft.epage%253D641%26rft.atitle%253DDoes%2BTelephone%2BTriage%2BDelay%2BSignificant%2BMedical%2BTreatment%253F%253A%2BAdvice%2BNurse%2BService%2Bvs%2BOn-Call%2BPediatricians%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchpedi.157.7.635%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12860783%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archpedi.157.7.635&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12860783&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F7%2F1%2F27.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000184044800005&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Urban Freight Delivery Stop Identification with GPS Data

Delivery stop identification is a crucial but challenging step in the measurement of urban freight performance. This paper presents the application of a robust learning method, support vector machine (SVM), in identifying delivery stops with GPS data. The duration of a stop, the distance from a stop to the center of the city, and the distance to a stop's closest major bottleneck were extracted as the three features used in the SVM model. A linear SVM with nested K-fold cross validation proved to be highly reliable and robust in identifying delivery stops with relatively long stop duration, such as those made for grocery stores. Second-by-second freight GPS data collected in New York City were used to conduct a case study. The identification accuracy for the case study was higher than 99% for the training and testing data sets.
Polymer-bound sensitizer in i-line resist formulations

An important component of a photoresist formulation is the photoactive compound. In conventional I-line resist, it is the DNQ molecule. In chemically amplified resists, it is the photoacid generator or the PAG. This component acts as the link between the exposure tool and the photoresist system. While PAGs for the 248 nm or DUV application are plenty, there is little effort in the arena of i-line PAGs. Typically, energy transfer in i-line lithography is achieved by using a DUV PAG in conjunction with an i-line energy transfer agent called sensitizer. This combination works very well, as described by workers before. This paper describes a polymer-bound sensitizer, which while maintaining the performance characteristics of a monomeric sensitizer, also enhances the solubility characteristics and the thermal stability of the resist.
Meaningfulness as a mediator of subjective well-being.

In a sample of 347 university students and community residents, measures of meaningfulness, self-esteem, internal locus of control, positive social relationships and optimism were given to predict subjective well-being, i.e., measures of happiness, life satisfaction, and affect balance. Correlations, canonical correlations, and structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis that meaningfulness is a significant mediator between personality variables and subjective well-being.
Correcting Transit Time Distributions in Coarse MODFLOW-MODPATH Models

In low to medium resolution MODFLOW models, the area occupied by sink cells often far exceeds the surface area of the streams they represent. As a result, MODPATH will calculate inaccurate particle traces and transit times. A frequency distribution of transit times for a watershed will also be in error. Such a distribution is used to assess the long-term impact of nonpoint source pollution on surface waters and wells. Although the inaccuracies for individual particles can only be avoided by increased model grid resolution or other advanced modeling techniques, the frequency distribution can be improved by scaling the particle transit times by an adjustment factor during post-processing.
The Shock Doctrine: A Discussion

In this discussion of her book The Shock Doctrine (2007, Metropolitan Books), Naomi Klein outlines a number of its key themes and brings the argument to bear on the California wildfires and developments in Latin America. Key issues discussed include the relation between disaster capitalism and creative destruction, natural disasters, neoliberalism, the antiglobalisation movement, the ‘9/11 truth’ campaign, and the relation of this book to her earlier No Logo (2000, Knopf Canada). Questions come from Neil Smith and from the audience at the Graduate Center, CUNY.
Comparison and fusion of four nondestructive sensors for predicting apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content

Abstract Four nondestructive technologies (i.e., acoustic firmness, bioyield firmness, visible and shortwave near infrared (Vis-SWNIR) spectroscopy, and spectral scattering) have been developed in recent years for assessing the firmness and/or soluble solids content (SSC) of apples. Each of these technologies has its merits and limitations in predicting the two quality parameters. With the concept of multi-sensor data fusion, different sensors would work synergistically and complementarily to improve the quality prediction of apples. In this research, the four sensing systems were evaluated and combined for nondestructive prediction of the firmness and SSC of ‘Jonagold’ (JG), ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD), and ‘Delicious’ (RD) apples. A total of 6535 apples harvested in 2009 and 2010 were used for analysis. Better predictions of the firmness and, in most cases, of the SSC were obtained using sensors fusion than using individual sensors, as measured by correlation coefficient and standard error of prediction (SEP). The SEPs for the firmness of JG, GD and RD using the best combination of two-sensor data were reduced by 13.5%, 20.0% and 7.3% for the 2009 data and 14.6%, 14.2% and 6.2% for the 2010 data; and using the best three or four fused sensor data by 19.1%, 24.9% and 13.9% in 2009, and 15.7%, 23.6%, and 8.9% in 2010, respectively. The combination of Vis-SWNIR and scattering data improved SSC predictions for RD apples, with the SEP values being reduced by 5.8% and 6.0% for 2009 and 2010, respectively. This research demonstrated that the fused systems provided more complete and complementary information and, thus, were more effective than individual sensors in prediction of apple quality.
Popularity, polarization, and political budget cycles

A vast literature has established that governments may abuse policy instruments in order to enhance their popularity and thus their probability of reelection, resulting in political budget cycles. Yet do popular governments have the same incentives to boost their popularity through pre-electoral expansions as unpopular governments? The existing empirical evidence, which to this date is entirely country-specific, produces mixed messages. Some studies find a simple linear relationship between popularity and the magnitude of political budget cycles and some find a non-linear relationship, peaking at the point where the race for office is tight. This article presents a simple theoretical model, which suggests that party polarization may be the key mediator reconciling these alternative findings.
Indoor allergens: Identification and quantification

Abstract A large number of allergens occur in the air of the home and many work sites. Almost any organic dust or volatile chemical reactive with proteins can cause allergic respiratory disease: allergic rhinitis, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). If the exposure continues several years after the disease begins there may be permanent disability, so recognition and control of exposure are important. Techniques now exist to sample the particulate antigens suspended in the air and assay them by sensitive immunochemical methods.
TU-A-330A-01: Digital Mammography Quality Control and Accreditation

Since 2003, the number of full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) units in the United States has been increasing by about 4% per month. As of May 1, 2006, there were 1379 full‐field digital mammography units at 977 MQSA‐certified facilities in the United States. With the fall 2005 announcement that FFDM increased the effectiveness of detecting breast cancer in women with dense breasts (as well as premenopausal women and women under the age of 50), the rate of increase for digital units is expected to increase even further. FFDM systems are subject to the Food and Drug Administration's mammography regulations, as are analog systems). This presentation will discuss the steps medical physicists must take to ensure their facilities may expeditiously accredit their FFDM units. In addition, the presentation will cover preliminary QC recommendations made by the ACR's Subcommittee on Digital Mammography in preparation for their upcoming Digital Mammography FFDM Quality Control Manual.
Controlling thermal conductance through quantum dot roughening at interfaces

We examine the fundamental phonon mechanisms affecting the interfacial thermal conductance across a single layer of quantum dots (QDs) on a planar substrate. We synthesize a series of Ge${}_{x}$Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ QDs by heteroepitaxial self-assembly on Si surfaces and modify the growth conditions to provide QD layers with different root-mean-square (rms) roughness levels in order to quantify the effects of roughness on thermal transport. We measure the thermal boundary conductance (${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$) with time-domain thermoreflectance. The trends in thermal boundary conductance show that the effect of the QDs on ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$ are more apparent at elevated temperatures, while at low temperatures, the QD patterning does not drastically affect ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$. The functional dependence of ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$ with rms surface roughness reveals a trend that suggests that both vibrational mismatch and changes in the localized phonon transport near the interface contribute to the reduction in ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$. We find that QD structures with rms roughnesses greater than 4 nm decrease ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$ at Si interfaces by a factor of 1.6. We develop an analytical model for phonon transport at rough interfaces based on a diffusive scattering assumption and phonon attenuation that describes the measured trends in ${h}_{\mathrm{K}}$. This indicates that the observed reduction in thermal conductivity in SiGe quantum dot superlattices is primarily due to the increased physical roughness at the interfaces, which creates additional phonon resistive processes beyond the interfacial vibrational mismatch.
Doppler-free optical spectroscopy on the Ba+ mono-ion oscillator

Laser fluorescence spectroscopy has been performed on the two-photon 62S1/2 to 52D3/2 transition in Ba+. Using signals from an individual laser-cooled ion in a rf trap, a laser limited linewidth of less than 3 MHz has been achieved with an effective wavelength of 2.07 μm. The absence of any sidebands in the spectra spaced at the 5.5-MHz oscillation frequency of the ion in the rf quadrupole trap indicates that the ion vibrational motion must be well into the Lamb–Dicke regime. An upper limit of 165 nm is given to the vibrational amplitude.
17O NMR spectroscopic study of steric hindrance in phthalic anhydrides and phthalides

Abstract 17 O NMR data for sterically hindered phthalic anhydrides and phthalides showed unusual deshielding effects which were correlated with in-plane bond angle distortions (X-ray results and MM2 calculations); indicative of van der Waals repulsions.
Cutting Healthcare Costs without Rationing at the Bedside: Preserving the Doctor-Patient Fiduciary Relationship

In his essay on bedside rationing, Peter Ubel argues that in an era of rising healthcare costs, it is time to relax the patient-centered ethic of physicians as unconditional patient advocates so they can individualize rationing decisions. This paper raises several concerns with the arguments and the examples he provides to make his case. First, he overlooks cost-effectiveness when making medical spending decisions. Second, his examples of wasteful, unproven and potentially harmful interventions call for physician education, not rationing, as he suggests. Third, informed patients can play a role in lowering costs through shared decision making. Fourth, individualized rationing decisions will worsen already pervasive disparities in medical care. The paper envisions the ideal cost-conscious physician as one who is knowledgeable about cost-effective practices, avoids unproven interventions whenever possible, and facilitates shared decision making through patient education. Such an individual would not, however, withhold interventions of proven benefit except when accommodating a patient's preferences for a particular therapy. The doctor and patient can only work together within the constraints of system-wide rationing if the fiduciary relationship is never violated.
A survey of problems and preliminary results concerning parallel processing and parallel processors

After an introduction which discusses the significance of a trend to the design of parallel processing systems, the paper describes some of the results obtained to date in a project which aims to develop and evaluate a unified hardware-software parallel processing computing system and the techniques for its use.
Contribution of a Nuclear Factor-κB Binding Site to Human Angiotensinogen Promoter Activity in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

Intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) is expressed highly in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) and contributes to the regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II levels. Inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB suppressed human (h)AGT expression in human RPTCs. However, the presence and localization of an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region have not been determined. Therefore, this study was performed to demonstrate that an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region contributes to hAGT promoter activity in human RPTCs. The hAGT promoter region was cloned from −4358 to +122 and deletion analysis was performed. A possible NF-κB binding site was removed from the hAGT promoter region (M1) and mutated (M2). Human RPTCs were transfected, and hAGT promoter activity was determined by luciferase assay. The identity of DNA binding proteins from binding assays were determined by Western blot. Progressive 5′-end deletions demonstrated removal of a distal promoter element in hAGT_−2414/+122 reduced promoter activity (0.61±0.12, ratio to hAGT_−4358/+122). Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed promoter activity in hAGT_−4358/+122 (0.51±0.14, ratio to control) and hAGT_−3681/+122 (0.48±0.06, ratio to control) but not in the construct without the NF-κB binding site. Promoter activity was reduced in the domain mutants M1 (0.57±0.08, ratio to hAGT_−4358/+122) and M2 (0.61±0.16, ratio to hAGT_−4358/+122). DNA binding levels of NF-κB protein were reduced in M1. These data demonstrate the functional importance of an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region, which contributes to hAGT promoter activity in human RPTCs.
Effects of selected assay parameters on measurement of lignocellulose mineralization with a radiolabeled substrate.

Varying the amount of labeled substrate or the amount of leaf material resulted in significant nonlinear changes in lignocellulose mineralization, as measured with natural [14C]lignin-labeled lignocellulose. The use of periodic rather than continuous aeration was found not to have significant effects on measured mineralization.
A prolene mesh used during laproscopic sacral colpopexy protrubed into the rectum and presented as foreing body

A prolene mesh used during laproscopic sacral colpopexy protrubed into the rectum and presented as foreing body
Direct algorithm and its application to slider air bearing surface optimization

Summary form only given. Slider air bearing surface (ABS) designs that satisfy very strict multi-objective goals are of great importance for magnetic hard disk drives. Finding such optimal designs is a strongly nonlinear problem. In slider ABS optimization, the evaluation of the objective function for every single sample design takes substantial computation time. It is desirable to reduce the number of sample designs evaluated without losing the global property of the optimization algorithm. In this paper, we make use of the DIRECT (DIviding RECTangle) optimization technique, which is a deterministic global optimization technique developed by Jones et al. (1993) and which is used to find the minimum of a Lipschitz continuous function without knowing the Lipschitz constant.
Travel-time distribution from a finite line contamination source to an extraction well with regional flow

Advective transport from a finite line contamination source to an extraction well with regional flow depends on interplay of radial and regional flows, a scheme commonly encountered in capture zone delineation. We have investigated travel-time distribution from a finite line contamination source and the associated breakthrough curves (BTCs) observed at an extraction well. The resulting travel-time distribution and BTCs depend on dimensionless source length, dimensionless pumping rate, and inclined angle of the source with respect to the regional flow, where the dimensionless terms are lumped parameters involving source length, pumping rate, distance between the source and the extraction well, aquifer thickness, and regional flow discharge. The observed concentration at the extraction well increases with time in a sub-linear manner. When the source orientation is perpendicular to the regional flow, the dimensionless first arrival time only depends on the dimensionless pumping rate whereas the dimensionless steady-state arrival time depends on both the dimensionless pumping rate and the dimensionless source length. The steady-state concentration at the extraction well is sensitive to the dimensionless source length and the inclined angle of the source with respect to the regional flow, but not sensitive to the dimensionless pumping rate. Two special cases where the extraction well is very close to the source and the regional flow can be negligible have also been discussed.
Varieties of Musical Experience.

In this paper, we argue that music cognition involves the use of acoustic and auditory codes to evoke a variety of conscious experiences. The variety of domains that are encompassed by music is so diverse that it is unclear whether a single domain of structure or experience is defining. Music is best understood as a form of communication in which formal codes (acoustic patterns and their auditory representations) are employed to elicit a variety of conscious experiences. After proposing our theoretical perspective we offer three prominent examples of conscious experiences elicited by the code of music: the recognition of structure itself, affect, and the experience of motion.
Hey, There’s a Hole in My Heart

See related article, pages 856–863 Mutations in genes encoding the developmental regulators Notch cause an amalgam of defects such that the many roles of this signaling receptor cannot be teased apart by studying the global loss of Notch alone. Instead more subtle and elegant genetic manipulations are called for to discern the multiple roles of Notch. In the current issue of Circulation Research Fischer et al describe a major step toward the understanding of Notch signaling not through the manipulation of the receptor itself, but by studying the loss of two of its downstream effectors.1 Alone, neither the loss of function of Hey1 nor HeyL appear as necessary contributors to proper heart development. Loss of both Hey1 and HeyL however, leads to atrioventricular (AV) dysplasia and membranous ventricular septal defects during cardiogenesis. These phenotypes mimic common congenital heart defects found in the human population and demonstrate a more accurate mouse model that can be used in studying human disease and genetic anomalies. Despite medical advances, congenital heart disease among children and infants leading to heart failure is still a common occurrence. In fact congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect among live births with an incidence of roughly 1%.2 In these patients, ventricular septal defects and atrial septal defects are the most frequent forms of congenital heart defects found. Loss of separation between the left and right sides of the heart results in the inefficient recirculation of oxygenated blood. The over-burdened heart becomes enlarged and sets the stage for overall heart failure. In most cases, the underlying molecular basis of these defects is not understood and …
Relational Fuzzy Clustering with Multiple Kernels

In this paper, the relational fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is extended to an adaptive cluster model which maps data points to a high dimensional feature space through an optimal convex combination of homogenous kernels with respect to each cluster. This generalized model, called Relational Fuzzy C-Means with Multiple Kernels (RFCM-MK), strives to find a good partitioning of the data into meaningful clusters and the optimal kernel-induced feature map in a completely unsupervised way. It constructs the kernel from a number of multi-resolution Gaussian kernels and learns a resolution-specific weight for each kernel function in each cluster. This allows better characterization and adaptability to each individual cluster while addressing the problem of variable width kernels. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated for synthetic and real data sets.
Variation and symmetry in the lumbar and thoracic dorsal root ganglion cell populations of newly metamorphosed Xenopus laevis.

The size of the lumbar and thoracic dorsal root ganglion cell populations in normally developing newly metamorphosed Xenopus laevis were measured in order to determine whether these neuron populations have the same characteristics as the hindlimb motoneuron population; i. e., large individual as well as sibling group differences, striking bilateral symmetry, and a rough correspondence between neuron number and body size that suggests some peripheral control of cell number during normal development (Sperry, J. Comp. Neurol. 264:250-267). Among animals from three sibling groups, the total numbers of thoracic and lumbar ganglion cells are highly variable and symmetrical, although symmetry is not uniformly present at the level of individual ganglion pairs. Significant sibling group differences in neuron number are also present. Metamorphic body size and cell number in the thoracic but not in the lumbar ganglia are significantly correlated. The motoneurons innervating the hindlimbs were also counted and measured in the same animals. While variable as well as symmetrical, motoneuron number and metamorphic body size are correlated in only two of the three sibling groups. Interestingly, the numbers of motoneurons and lumbar ganglion cells, two populations of neurons whose sizes one might predict would be significantly correlated in normally developing animals, are not correlated. The relationship between these observations and currently held views concerning how neuron numbers might be controlled during normal development is discussed.
Properties of an Intergenic Terminator and Start Site Switch That Regulate IMD2 Transcription in Yeast

The IMD2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by intracellular guanine nucleotides. Regulation is exerted through the choice of alternative transcription start sites that results in synthesis of either an unstable short transcript terminating upstream of the start codon or a full-length productive IMD2 mRNA. Start site selection is dictated by the intracellular guanine nucleotide levels. Here we have mapped the polyadenylation sites of the upstream, unstable short transcripts that form a heterogeneous family of RNAs of ≈200 nucleotides. The switch from the upstream to downstream start sites required the Rpb9 subunit of RNA polymerase II. The enzyme's ability to locate the downstream initiation site decreased exponentially as the start was moved downstream from the TATA box. This suggests that RNA polymerase II's pincer grip is important as it slides on DNA in search of a start site. Exosome degradation of the upstream transcripts was highly dependent upon the distance between the terminator and promoter. Similarly, termination was dependent upon the Sen1 helicase when close to the promoter. These findings extend the emerging concept that distinct modes of termination by RNA polymerase II exist and that the distance of the terminator from the promoter, as well as its sequence, is important for the pathway chosen.
Dynamic screening and wake effects on electronic excitation in ion-solid and ion-surface collisions

Abstract The collective electronic response in a solid effectively alters ionic and atomic potentials giving rise to dynamic screening and to a “wake” of density fluctuations trailing ions as they propagate through the solid. The presence of dynamic screening modifies electronic excitation processes of projectiles in ion-solid collisions as compared to binary ion-atom collisions. We review recent theoretical and experimental studies directed at the search for and identification of signatures of dynamic screening and wake effects. Examples include the formation of excited projectile bound states under channeling conditions, radiative electron capture, the search for “wake-riding” electrons in antiproton-solid collisions, and the neutralization of highly charged ions near surfaces.
Intelligent decision making and information fusion

Decision making in the face of uncertainty appears in many domains of human experience when we have to make a choice involving a risky alternative. One component of a risky alternative is the uncertainty of the payoff resulting from its selection. Making decisions in the face of uncertain outcomes requires some of representation of our knowledge of uncertainties associated with the possible outcomes, for example probabilities. Often this information is impossible to obtain precisely and may require an imprecise and fuzzy characterization.
Reflections on Deaf Education: Perspectives of Deaf Senior Citizens.

Parents with deaf children face many challenges in making educational choices, developing language and a sense of belonging. Other key aspects of life including concept development and social competency are also critical decision points faced by parents. Developing language, whether it is through spoken or signed modalities, is of utmost importance during the formative years and for many families with deaf children, there are no prior experiences with deafness, American Sign Language, Deaf culture, or the deaf community. This study aims to understand the educational and familial experiences of older deaf citizens by examining the meaning of being deaf and members of biological and cultural families, and the concern for education of young deaf children as constructed by deaf senior citizens from both deaf and hearing families. For the purpose of obtaining both childhood and educational experiences of older deaf citizens and examining what advice they would offer to families of today with deaf children, a q...
Competition between MutY and Mismatch Repair at A · C Mispairs In Vivo

We show that the MutY protein competes with the MutS-dependent mismatch repair system to process at least some A · C mispairs in vivo, converting them to G · C pairs. In the presence of an increased dCTP pool resulting from the loss of nucleotide diphosphate kinase, the frequency of A · T→G · C transitions at a hot spot in the rpoB gene is 30-fold lower in a MutY-deficient derivative than in the wild type.
Wounded Healing: Forming a Storytelling Community in Hip-Hop Lit

Background/ContextOver the past 5 years, there has been a growing body of scholarship that examines the intersections of hip-hop culture and classroom pedagogy. Although recent scholarship has pers...
In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race

In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race. Melbourne Tapper. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.viii. 163pp.
Assessing the Invasion by Soybean Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae): Where Will It End?

The invasion of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, into soybean (Glycine max L.) production areas of the northcentral United States has generated substantial concern over the ultimate impact of this pest on domestic agriculture. To evaluate the potential extent and severity of its invasion in the United States, we examined possible pathways for the arrival of the insect, considered the likelihood for establishment in different regions of the United States, and described patterns of spread. Historical records of aphid interceptions by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service suggest that populations of soybean aphid most likely arrived in the United States from Japan or China, either carried by an international airline passenger or associated with horticultural cargo. Two methods of climate comparison suggest that the aphid may ultimately be present in all soybean producing areas of the United States. However, the severity of infestations within these areas is likely to vary considerably in space and time.
“Bubbling” or Droplet Regurgitation in Both Sexes of Adult Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Fed Various Concentrations of Sugar and Protein Solutions

Bubbling behavior or regurgitation is defined as the production of a droplet on the tip of the proboscis. No behavioral differences were observed in the components of the bubbling behavior between the two sexes of adult Phormia regina Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae). One of the most interesting behaviors, from a functional standpoint, is the proboscis shaking and proboscis pumping that is always associated with droplet extrusion. Droplets were usually reingested and not dropped on the substrate as reported in some fly species. On a sucrose meal, the average total time the fly spent on bubbling, regardless of sex, was 9.4 min, whereas the average time the droplet was present on the proboscis was 7 min. The number of droplets produced per fly for both sexes was 19.8 for sucrose and 24.6 for liver. The average time to initiate droplet extrusion after a meal by both sexes was 69 min for sucrose and 102 min for the liver meal. Bubbling flies had a statistically significant greater crop volume (7.9 μl on liver and 6.2 μl on sucrose) than nonbubbling flies (4.1 μl on liver and 2.3 μl on sucrose). The latter results place the important functional significance of bubbling or regurgitation on crop volume and the need of flies to eliminate crop water load, thus concentrating crop solute.
Peromyscus truei (Pinon mouse)

The karyotypes presented here resemble those of P. gossypinus (Folio No. 66). They were from lung cultures of animals collected at Monte Rio, Sonoma County, California, USA, by Dr. Murray L. Johnson in 1967.
A method for simultaneous linear optics and coupling correction for storage rings with turn-by-turn beam position monitor data

Abstract We propose a method to simultaneously correct linear optics errors and linear coupling for storage rings using turn-by-turn (TbT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. The independent component analysis (ICA) method is used to isolate the betatron normal modes from the measured TbT BPM data. The betatron amplitudes and phase advances of the projections of the normal modes on the horizontal and vertical planes are then extracted, which, combined with dispersion measurement, are used to fit the lattice model. The fitting results are used for lattice correction. The method has been successfully demonstrated on the NSLS-II storage ring.
The Anthropologist, the Jester, and the Poet: An Oral History Interview with Bruce Grindal about the Society for Humanistic Anthropology

Summary Bruce Grindal played an instrumental role in the Society for Humanistic Anthropology (SHA), which he helped found in 1974 at an American Anthropological Association meeting in Mexico City. He became the editor of The Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly (AHQ) in 1976, a journal that eschewed traditional ethnographic writing, and celebrated and encouraged storytelling in anthropology. Poems, narratives, fictions, and short essays that were rejected as “not anthropology” by other journals found a home in AHQ. In this oral history interview, Bruce recalls the history of the SHA and the challenges it faced in its early days in gaining acceptance by other anthropologists. In his attempts to legitimize humanistic anthropology, he challenged the materialist and postmodernist anthropological paradigms of the time through a series of scathing articles that publicly challenged what he regarded as the “overly analyzed digested mystification” of reality. This oral history interview covers the periods from 1976 to 2005 at the 30th anniversary of the founding of the SHA and touches upon philosophical musings and highlights from Bruce Grindal's career.
The tocopherol level in human serum during oral tocopherol therapy.

SummaryIn continuation of previous studies, the tocopherol level in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and with miscellaneous myopathies was found to average 0.67 and 0.61 mg/10O ml respectively. The response to daily oral administration of 75 to 740 mg tocopherol runs parallel to the dosage and attains levels of more than 2.0 mg/100 ml serum, Temporary favorable effects on the clinical status are only found with doses over 200 mg tocopherol per diem. The spinal, fluid does not contain tocopherol.
Phospholipid fractions in multiple sclerosis and normal serum.

SummaryDeterminations on the serum of normal and multiple sclerosis serum for ceph-alin? lecithin and sphingomyelin, showed normal values for these fractions of 9.4%, 65.0′% and 19.7% of the total phospholipids. The multiple sclerosis group exhibited a similar distribution of these components, though the total phospholipids tended to be lower than in the control group.
A Flight Simulator Usability Assessment of a Multi-function Flight-planning and Navigation Display for General Aviation

A human-factors and usability evaluation was performed on a beta version of a major manufacturer's flight-planning and in-flight navigation multifunction display in the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute's (CAMI's) Advanced General Aviation Research Simulator (AGARS), configured as a Piper Malibu (single-engine, complex aircraft). The evaluation was an open-ended process wherein data collection continued until consistent response patterns were uncovered. Data indicated general acceptance of the software package by the participating pilots. However, several recommendations for improvement arose from pilot consensus in the posttest questionnaire and interview that matched design criteria listed in a multi-function-display certification pocket guide being developed at CAMI. Changes to menu structure and data-entry logic were mentioned by nearly all of the participants, and included: navigation and route editing should occur on the same display page; a “back” or “undo” key is needed; and keys should be consist...
Abstract 2421: Extracellular DNA in pancreatic cancer metastasis

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Extracellular nucleic acids have received increasing attention for their potential application in the rapid, accurate, and non-invasive early detection of cancer and other diseases, but less attention is given to their potential roles in cancer biology. We initiated a study to examine the role of extracellular DNA in pancreatic cancer metastasis. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with a prognosis of just six months to live, and a five-year survival rate less than 5%. This is mainly due to the fact that at the time of diagnosis, 80-90% of patients have metastatic cancer already. To better understand the metastasis mechanism of this cancer, we tested the hypothesis that pancreatic cancer cells produce extracellular DNA to promote their metastasis and cancer cell adhesion to a new micro-environment. We first examined the presence of extracellular DNA associated with pancreatic cancer cells by DAPI and CYTOX Green stains and by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with the DNA-specific antibody. A large amount of extracellular DNA was observed on the surfaces and in the vicinity of the MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells but not the normal pancreas HPDE cells cultured on coverslips and in the 3D matrigel. A similarly larger amount of cell-free DNA was also found associated with the cancer cell line when the DNA from the cell culture media was extracted and analyzed. We subsequently stained tissue slides from human pancreatic cancer tissues, normal pancreas tissues, and the pancreatic cancer tissue microarrays using DNA-specific dyes and DNA -specific antibody in IHC and IFA. These experiments further confirmed the presence of extracellular DNA associated with the pancreatic cancer cells. To understand the role of extracellular DNA in cancer metastasis, we studied the effect of treatment with DNase I on cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colonization in vitro. We measured cell adhesion to plates coated with adhesion proteins. We also investigated de-attachment of cells from coverslips by proteinase K in the presence or absence of DNase I. These functional studies showed DNase I inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion without affecting cell viability. In the 3D matrigel, DNase I completely changed the pancreatic cancer cell growth pattern. We conclude that extracellular DNA associated with cancer cells play a novel role in cell migration, invasion, and cell adhesion in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of a large amount of extracellular DNA on the surface and in the surrounding of pancreatic cancer cells and on the potential novel role of extracellular DNA in pancreatic cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2421
Sharp estimates for operator$$\bar \partial _M $$ on a q-concave CR manifoldon a q-concave CR manifold

We construct integral operatorsR r andH r on the spaces of differential forms of the type (o, r) withr <q on a regularq-concave CR manifoldM such that $$f(z) = \bar \partial _M R_r (f)(z) + R_{r + 1} (\bar \partial _M f)(z) + H_r (f)(z),$$ for a differential formf ∈ L (0,r) s (M) and forz ∈ M′ ⊂M, whereH r is compact andR r admits sharp estimates.
Suitability of the North American weeds Sesbania exaltata and S. drummondii (Leguminosae) as hosts for Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus and Trichapion lativentre (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Argentina

Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (Oliver) and Trichapion lativentre (Beguin-Billecocq) are 2 South American weevils successfully used for the biological control of Sesbania punicea (Cavanille) Benth. in South Africa. The potential of these insects as control agents for the weeds Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. and S. drummondii (Rydb.) Cory in the United States was studied in Argentina. Estimation of adult consumption, the food preference of adult insects on 5 species of Sesbania (3 native hosts and the 2 weeds mentioned above), the capacity of the insects to complete their life cycle on the weeds, and the weed infestation by wild populations in the laboratory garden were studied. The consumption of N. quadrivitattus on both north American weeds did not differ from that on native hosts. Similar consumption was observed for T. lativentre feeding on S. drummondii. S. exaltata showed the lowest consumption. The feeding preference of N. quadrivittatus was similar to that of its natural host plants. In the case of T. lativentre, results on only S. drummondii were comparable to that of its natural hosts. Both insects were able to complete their life cycles on the weeds. In the garden, there was a marked preference by the weevils for S. drummondii. S. exaltata was not attacked by T. lativentre and no test was carried out with N. quadrivittatus. We concluded that both insects are good biocontrol candidates for S. drummondii, whereas only N. quadrivittatus is a promising control agent for S. exaltata.
“Aiming at a Moving Target”: Social Science and the Recent Rebellions in Eastern Europe

One week before the mass demonstrations that led to the collapse of the Czechoslovak Communist regime in November, 1989, a Charter 77 activist, Jan Urban, proposed that the group contest the national elections to be held in June of 1991. Urban's friends laughed at his proposals for being hopelessly Utopian. But a week later, thousands of students filled Wenceslas Square, a general strike was called, and the regime collapsed. The leaders of the future Civic Forum, who had been carefully watching events in Hungary, Poland and the GDR, had little idea that their own country was ripe for revolution.Charter 77 would not have fared much better had it consulted Western social scientists, because our models for understanding the emergence of new social movements and their spread and outcomes are woefully inadequate. While prediction in social science is always hazardous, our lack of preparation for the recent wave of mobilization in Eastern Europe is particularly glaring, given the vast body of research and theorizing that has developed since the 1960s both in Western Europe and the United States.
Epidemic Situation and Control Measures of Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis(polio) is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by,and human is the exclusive host of poliovirus.In 1988,WHO declared polio to be worldwide eradicated until year 2000.At present,cases of field strains of poliovirus have been reported only in Afghanistan,India,Nigeria and Pakistan.While the goal of polio-free has been achieved,the defect of oral polio vaccine(OPV) appears gradually,which includes low effectiveness of OPV in tropics area,causing VAPP and durative virus distribution of immunosuppressed patients.So OPV cannot eradicate polio.In 1996,the advisory committee on immunization practices of America(ACIP) recommended the new immunization program that using inactivated polio vaccine(IPV) IPV before OPV.The widely use of IPV eliminated the spreading of living vaccine virus and VAPP.In 2008,it was suggested that immunization strategy in China may draw lessons from foreign successful experiences,which IPV gradually replaced OPV.Now prospective studies have shown that the immunization strategy is possible in China.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ALGORITHM ON DETECTING COLLISION BETWEEN ROBOT AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

A new method common-plane method, to detect the collision between the industrial robot and Its working envisonment in three dimension is introduced in this paper. The method can be used for trajectory planing, motion path verifying and collison testing between robots and obstacles.
Acute Decreases in Serum Prolactin Concentrations Caused by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Nonhuman Primates*†

The acute effects of single injections of ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations were studied in oophorectomized female and intact adult male rhesus monkeys. Some animals were challenged with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to determine whether THC influences pituitary responsiveness to releasing hormone. THC markedly suppresses serum PRL concentrations in animals of both sexes. TRH injections resulted in normal PRL release when administered simultaneously with or 30 minutes after THC administration. These results suggest that the serum prolactin-lowering effect of THC occurs principally at a suprapituitary level.
Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Electronic Structure and Chiroptical Properties of Curved and Helical Silver Nanowires

Time-dependent density functional theory methods are employed to examine the evolution of the absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of neutral bare silver helical nanostructures as a function of their geometrical parameters. Calculations of excited states to determine optical absorption and CD spectra were performed using the SAOP/TZP level of theory. In our model, the geometry of the helical silver chain is dependent on the Ag–Ag–Ag bond angle and the Ag–Ag–Ag–Ag dihedral angle. The influence of different geometrical structures on the optical absorption and CD spectra were studied for helical and planar Ag8. Silver nanowires Agn (n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) were examined to determine the effect of the helical chain length on the electronic properties. The results show that when the metal atomic chain loses planarity, strong CD signals arise; the intensities of the CD peaks for these structures are strongly affected by the shape and length of the silver nanowires. The theoretically predicted CD spectra ...
Pediatric growth and development: Impact on vulnerability to normal tissue damage from cancer therapy

Although increased survival and ultimately cure of cancer remains the primary goal of treatment, our success has shifted our focus to the consequential quality of life. These outcomes are largely dependent on the chronic toxicities of therapies that manifest months to years or even decades after therapy. Recognition of these late effects has been a driving force in the evolution of the treatment of many curable cancers. Surgical techniques, chemotherapeutic regimens, and radiation therapeutic strategies have all evolved with the intention of minimizing toxicities. Advances in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapeutic technologies have led to more conformal radiation treatments that spare adjacent normal structures. In many pediatric malignancies, favorable subsets of patients are now treated with decreased doses of chemotherapy and radiation while still maintaining outstanding overall efficacy.