cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubility Advantage of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals

Pharmaceutical cocrystals can improve solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. However, true cocrystal solubility is not readily measured for highly soluble cocrystals because they can transform to the most stable drug form in solution. The objectives of this study are to develop a method to estimate the cocrystal solubility in pure solvent and establish the influence of constituent drug and ligand (i.e., coformer) properties. Cocrystal solubility and solubility product were derived from transition concentration measurements where a solution is in equilibrium with solid drug and cocrystal. Transition concentrations and solubilities are reported for carbamazepine cocrystals in water, ethanol, isopropanol, and ethyl acetate. The aqueous solubility for seven carbamazepine cocrystals was estimated to be 2−152 times greater than the solubility of the stable carbamazepine dihydrate form. Cocrystal solubility is shown to be directly proportional to the solubility of constituent...
In-flight navigation using head-coupled and aircraft-coupled spatial audio cues

A flight test was conducted to evaluate how effectively spatialized audio cues could be used to maneuver a general aviation aircraft through a complex navigation course. Two conditions were tested: a head-coupled condition, where audio cues were updated in response to changes in the orientation of the pilot's head, and an aircraft-coupled condition, where audio cues were updated in response to changes in the direction of the aircraft. Both cueing conditions resulted in excellent performance, with the pilots on average passing within 0.25 nm of the waypoints on the navigation course. However, overall performance was better in the aircraft-coupled condition than in the head-coupled condition. This result is discussed in terms of an alignment mismatch between the pilot's frame of reference and that of the aircraft, which is critical when using spatial audio to cue the desired orientation of the vehicle rather than the location of an object in space. Language: en
Visible light active hydrogen modified (HM)-n-TiO2 thin films for photoelectrochemical splitting of water

Abstract Visible light active hydrogen modified n-type titanium oxide (HM-n-TiO 2 ) thin films were synthesized by thermal oxidation of Ti metal sheet (Alfa Co. 0.25 mm thick) in an electric oven followed by incorporation of hydrogen electrochemically under cathodic polarization at −1.6 V vs Pt. The photoresponse of the HM-n-TiO 2 was evaluated by measuring the rate of water splitting reaction to hydrogen and oxygen in terms of photocurrent density, J p . The optimized electric oven-made n-TiO 2 and HM-n-TiO 2 photoelectrodes showed photocurrent densities of 0.2 mA cm −2 and 1.60 mA cm −2 , respectively, at a measured potential of −0.4 V vs Pt at illumination intensity of 100 mW cm −2 from a 150 W xenon lamp. This indicated an eightfold increase in photocurrent density for HM-n-TiO 2 compared to oven-made n-TiO 2 at the same measured electrode potential. The band-gap energy of HM-n-TiO 2 was found to be 2.7 eV compared to 2.82 eV for electric oven-made n-TiO 2 and a mid-gap band at 1.67 eV above the valence band was also observed. The HM-n-TiO 2 thin film photoelectrodes were characterized using photocurrent density under monochromatic light illumination and UV–Vis spectral measurements.
Prozeßentwicklung: Von der Exergieanalyse bis zur EDV‐gestützten Optimierung

Process development: From exergy analysis to computer-aided optimisation. In processes in which chemical compositions or states are altered, limiting case analyses based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics are often of use during preliminary process analyses. Since the introduction of computers for process calculations exergy analyses can be carried out in a simple way and weak points in initial designs in the sense of the second law conveniently located. It is also possible to use exergy analyses to make product predictions if transferable practical exergy losses are available from past experience. In low temperature and energy technology the use of suitably defined efficiencies have been of use for many years in eliminating less attractive processing routes and thus reducing the number of possible designs to be investigated. For many decades so-called „Sum Q/T Diagrams” have been used in low temperature processing to visualize and improve temperature profiles in heat exchanger networks. Recently technology has been further developed into „Pinch Technology”. At the end of process development comes the final detailed optimization. The expensive and time consuming sequential way of working used in the past is being gradually replaced today with equation-oriented simulation and optimization tools such as the OPTISIM program. Expert systems, in principal, offer the chance of supporting the chemical engineer during the initial design of complete and complex processes. However, the experience with such systems to date has shown that a practical solution lies a long way into the future.
The cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signal transduction pathway modulates tolerance to sedative and hypothermic effects of ethanol.

Background: An expanding body of literature indicates the important role of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in establishing initial sensitivity to alcohol as well as being involved in certain forms of tolerance to ethanol. The use of mice with heterozygous inactivation of the Gnas gene encoding Gsα allowed us to explore the relationship between tolerance to ethanol and cAMP/PKA signaling. Methods: Mice with the targeted disruption of one Gsα allele were compared with wild-type littermates in their initial sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation and hypothermia and then monitored for the development of tolerance during two subsequent bouts of intoxication. Components of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway were analyzed in ethanol-naive mice and again following the development of tolerance to ethanol to better understand the contribution of this signaling pathway to the acquisition of tolerance. Results: During the initial exposure to ethanol, mice with the targeted disruption of one Gsα allele (Gnas) were more sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol compared with wild-type littermates. Wild-type mice developed within-session tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia whereas Gnas mice did not. Following the subsequent ethanol treatments, wild-type mice developed between-session tolerance to the sedative effects of ethanol to a greater degree than mice with heterozygous inactivation of the Gnas gene. The development of tolerance to the sedative effects of ethanol was accompanied by increased expression of phospho-CREB in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. No changes in phospho-CREB expression were detected in these brain regions in mice with heterozygous inactivation of the Gnas gene. Conclusion: The results show that cAMP/PKA signal transduction modulates sensitivity to sedative and hypothermic effects of ethanol. This signal transduction system also influences the acquisition of within-session and between-session tolerance. The mechanism through which cAMP/PKA signaling modulates the development of tolerance remains to be elucidated but may involve changes in phospho-CREB expression.
Wireless sensor networks with embedded intelligence for agricultural applications

In the following generations of sensor networks, we are going to need to do more than collect data over a wired network. It is going to be necessary to continue the trend toward a sense and control infrastructure, wherein intelligent decision can be made about environmental factors on the fly. Through the use of low cost motes, we are able to deploy networks with larger numbers of sensors that are able to communicate with lower power, and increased reliability. Because of these properties, this style of system lends itself well to agricultural applications, where large numbers of sensors are required to provide the necessary granularity of control.
Comparison of material removal rate models and experimental results for the double-sided polishing process

Abstract In the double-sided polishing process both faces of the workpiece are polished simultaneously under apparently identical conditions. However, differences are observed in the material removal rate between the two workpiece faces, and over a series of polishing runs, the side from which more material is removed changes. Polishing process models describing material removal rate were developed and compared to observed behavior. The side-to-side difference in stock removal and change in workpiece side of greater material removal rate can be attributed to slurry flow redistribution due to accumulation of polishing debris in the polishing pads.
Calibrated Seismic Verification of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty

Abstract To improve verification of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty, the United States and Russia have embarked on an effort to make on-site yield measurements of each other's nuclear tests. Beyond their direct use in verification, these measurements also may prove useful in calibrating a monitoring system based on seismic magnitudes. The relative merits of seismic monitoring vis-a-vis on-site measurement have been at the core of a long-standing controversy. Many seismic verification problems hinge on statistical issues, including linear calibration based on a small data set and the formal use of expert opinion.
In vivo monitoring of blood glucose using poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres

A preliminary in vivo study using photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres containing tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labeld concanavalin A (TRITC-Con A) fluroescein isothiocyanate labeld dextran (FITX-dextran) as an implantable glucose sensor was performed using hairless rats. The glucose sensor works by affinity reaction between the two fluorescent labeled molecules binding together to form a fluorescent energy transfer system in which the FITC peak is quenched by the TRITC peak. The addition of glucose to the sensors local environment displces the dextran disrupting the FRET pair and the quenching. The change in fluroescent peak ratio (TRITC/FITC) therefore can be related to glucose. The microspheres in this study were implanted below the dermal skin layer of the lower abdomen by injection. A bolus injection of glucose was given through the tail vein to simulate glucose consumption. Spectra were obtained by shining and collecting light through the skin using an optical fiber delivery system via a 488nm argon laser and a spectrophometer. The preliminary results showed quantifiable changes in the ratio between the two peaks in response to the changae in glucose levels in the interstitial fluid of the rat.
Convergence of multiple sensory inputs onto neurons in the dorsolateral medulla in cats.

Abstract The dorsolateral medulla, including the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis, the cuneate nucleus, and the external cuneate nucleus, is an integrative region for a variety of sensory inputs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual neurons respond to a variety of different sensory modalities. To this end, responses of 40 neurons in the dorsolateral medulla to multiple sources of sensory input were assessed in cats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Neurons were located in the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis (24 cells, 60%), the cuneate nucleus (10 cells, 25%), and the external cuneate nucleus (6 cells, 15%). All neurons were tested for responses to: electrical stimulation of afferents coursing through the left stellate ganglion and afferents in the left cervical vagus nerve, and somatic, auditory, and visual stimulation. No neurons responded to all five stimuli. Three cells (7.5%) responded to four stimuli, 11 (27.5%) responded to three stimuli, 10 (25.0%) responded to two stimuli, and 15 (37.5%) responded to only a single stimulus. The remaining cell was unresponsive to any stimulus. As a group, neurons in the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis received input from the greatest number of sensory modalities, and cuneate nucleus neurons received input predominantly from somatosensory afferents. External cuneate nucleus neurons displayed response profiles intermediate between nucleus reticularis parvicellularis and cuneate nucleus. In addition, eight neurons (20% of the total) were sensitive to changes in blood pressure. Results of the present study support the hypothesis that neurons in the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis receive convergent inputs from different sensory modalities. The neuronal response patterns are consistent with the concept that the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis is an association region that coordinates motor and autonomic responses during orofacial motor behaviors.
Other complications following lipid emulsion therapy : Re: Levine M, Skolnik AB, Ruha AM, et al. (2013) Complications following antidotal use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy. J Med Toxicol Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print].

To the Editor: We read with much interest Levine et al.’s retrospective review of complications associated with the administration of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as a treatment for drug toxicity [1]. They report pancreatitis and adult respiratory distress syndrome following the administration of ILE. Another potential but less reported complication of ILE therapy may be deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We recently published a case report on a 30-year-old patient who developed an acute upper extremity DVT following ILE therapy for wide complex tachycardia and hypotension following an ingestion of diphenhydramine [2]. At the time of this occurrence, we had never encountered this complication following ILE administration at our institution and were not familiar with similar reports in the literature. We are aware that fat overload is a known complication of high-dose fat emulsion and can result in multiple complications including fat embolism [3]; however, this is generally a delayed event [4]. We also know that ILE can lead to thrombophlebitis [5]. While the development of a DVT could have been a coincidence, DVT formation is listed as a potential complication of ILE therapy in a review of data from the Toxicology Investigators’ Consortium (ToxIC) registry [6]. The review of the ToxIC registry demonstrated that three out of nine patients (33 %) that received ILE therapy developed DVTs. The authors of the manuscript attempted to judge the association between ILE and the adverse events using the Naranjo scale. They gave DVT a score of 1, which means that there was a possible association. It is not mentioned if DVTs were located in the limb where ILE was being infused or, if the treating physicians thought the acute DVT, was associated with the ILE. Our patient was not included as a part of this review. Given the novelty of ILE and relative lack of experience with this therapy, we believe that it is important to make clinicians aware of this possible association as DVT is a potentially life-threatening condition. While we still lack definitive proof that ILE causes DVT, we do wonder if there is an association and if it could be related to how it is administered. Central venous access (if available) may be preferable to giving ILE peripherally as was done with our patient. The rate of the infusion of the initial bolus could also be related to DVT formation. Lastly if more occurrences of DVT following ILE administration are reported, should this change what is already a somewhat ambiguous threshold for its administration?
Neogene North American-Caribbean plate boundary across northern Central America: offset along the Polochic fault

Abstract The Polochic fault was a segment of the North American-Caribbean plate boundary across Central America in the Neogene. Its 130 km of left slip was previously determined by matching structures and stratigraphie outcrop patterns of northwest and central Guatemala across the fault. Additional support for the model and the youthfulness of the recorded offset comes from an essentially perfect match of major geomorphic features across the fault. A reconstruction process which eliminates 123 km of left slip brings together rivers and drainage divides that existed before the Polochic became active. With the reconstruction carried across the isthmus on an east-west fault the regional structural geology assumes the coherent pattern of a continuous orogenic belt whose geometry is compatible with the model of collisional tectonics centered on the Motagua “suture zone”. Confined within this belt, narrowed to some 60 km by the reconstruction, lie the major Laramide thrusts, folds and tectonically emplaced serpentinites of Guatemala. Crystalline rocks of Guatemala re-join the Chiapas Massif and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, exposed in the core of an almost-continuous anticlinorium, extend from southern Chiapas to Lake Izabal. The Polochic does not bend in eastern Guatemala but continues eastward to the Motagua fault where it dies. Westward drift of the northern block resulted in rifting which extended from eastern Guatemala into the Caribbean along the Cayman trough. The Honduras depression may represent an element of a triple junction along with the Polochic and Izabal-Cayman rift. The Polochic continues westward into the Pacific Ocean and offsets the Middle America trench. The Polochic has offset the Miocene volcanic belt of northern Central America, confirming the previous estimate of a Neogene time of movement. About 300 km of relative east-west Neogene displacement has been recorded on the Mid-Cayman rise, only 130 km of which can be accounted for across the Polochic. It is suggested that cumulative extension on north-south faults south of the Motagua fault zone between the trench and the Honduras depression might make up that difference.
Effect of reactant rotation on reactivity: a comparison of classical and quantum effects in a model system

Abstract The effect of reactant rotation on reactivity has been investigated using a model system. Classical and exact quantum results are in excellent agreement above threshold. Trends are found which mirror those seen in recent trajectory studies on H + H 2 .
Enhanced photorefractive effects of cerium-doped lead barium niobate crystals

Photorefractive properties of a 0.05-wt. % Ce2O3-doped Pb0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 crystal are investigated at visible wavelengths. Compared with the performance of the undoped crystal, sensitivities as high as 3 cm/J represent an increase of almost two orders of magnitude, and a photorefractive gain of 25 cm-1 for extraordinary polarization exhibits a fourfold increase. The saturated diffraction efficiency varies with the intensity ratio of the incident beams owing to strong beam coupling. Photoconductivity at 514.5 nm and dark conductivity are also measured. The intensity dependence of these light-induced parameters suggests a nonsingle-photon behavior. We use a two-center model that involves both a shallow level and a deep level to explain the measured results.
Transient excited singlet state absorption in Rhodamine 6G

Transient excited singlet state absorption (ESSA) has been studied in Rhodamine 6G in ethanol using a nitrogen laser and nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser. Broad absorption with several submaxima and possible shoulders, which represent the vibrational structure, has been observed in Rhodamine 6G in the region, 4175–4640 A. The position of the lowest vibrational level of the first excited singlet stateS 1 has been determined from the crossing point of the long and short wavelength spectral wings of absorption and fluorescence respectively. The energy level scheme of the molecule has been obtained with the help of the absorption and fluorescence spectra recorded. The observed structure in ESSA has been tentatively interpreted to be due to transitions from the different vibrational levels ofS 1 to one or more vibrational levels of the upper singlet electronic stateS 4.
Charge-constrained coherent pion states produced in nuclear matter

In a recent article, Bloss, Hone and Scalapino have used a simplified model Hamiltonian and Keldysh field theoretic methods to approximately calculate the power radiated as Cherenkov charged pions whose emission is triggered when a fast nucleon traverses nuclear matter. The model used by these authors conserves charge by flipping the isospin state of the fast nucleon alone for each charged pion emitted. Since it is the nuclear matter excited by the fast nucleon which should be largely reponsible for emitting the Cherenkov charged pions, we investigate an alternate model that allows all the disturbed nuclear matter to change its charge state when a charged pion is emitted—as an idealization, the emitting matter is assumed to have an infinite number of charge states, in contrast to the two of the fast nucleon. This modified model is shown to be exactly solvable in terms of charge-constrained coherent pion states; the power radiated as charged pions is found to be approximately twice that calculated by Bloss et al. from their model.
What Are the Endpoints of Therapy for Acute Leukemias? Old Definitions and New Challenges

Acute leukemias are complex diseases on multiple levels, and laboratory efforts over the past 3 decades have focused on better understanding of the molecular underpinnings and their stem cell biology. We now have a panoply of technologic advances that allow us to characterize individual leukemias by molecular profiles that relate directly to clinical behavior, to detect minimal residual disease, and to begin to develop “targeted” therapeutic strategies based on molecular considerations. There are a number of challenges surrounding this task: first, how to combine these agents with traditional chemotherapeutics and/or with each other to maximize leukemic cell kill and increase the cure rate; second, how to use these targeted agents in the minimal residual disease with potential curative intent; third, for patients unable to tolerate or unlikely to benefit from aggressive approaches, how to use one or more of these agents to reduce tumor bulk and either permit some restoration of normal marrow function or induce morphologic and functional differentiation of the leukemic clone to overcome the leukemia-associated bone marrow failure; and lastly, how to measure the effects of these agents on the molecular and cellular biologic levels in ways that correlate with and might even predict overall clinical outcome. These challenges are further complicated by the inherent heterogeneity in host biology; disease etiology and biology; and interactions among host, disease, and treatment that ultimately determine individual clinical outcomes. Toward this end, we will discuss selected issues surrounding new clinical trial designs and the development of clinically relevant molecular endpoints that might facilitate the development of new treatment approaches that will improve the outlook for adults with acute leukemias.
Growth Zones in the Echinoid Skeleton

Growth zones in echinoid skeletal ossicles are mainly the result of differences in structural characteristics. In the test plates, opaque zones, which appear light in reflected light, dark in transmitted light, and are X-ray dense, have relatively larger trabecules and smaller intertrabecular channels. Translucent zones, which appear dark in reflected light, light in transmitted light, and are less X-ray dense, have relatively smaller trabecules and larger intertrabecular channels. Organic material in the plates, especially when pigmented or charred, enhances the appearance of the growth zones. Opaque zones result from relatively fast plate growth while translucent zones result from relatively slow plate growth; food deprivation leads to the formation of translucent zones. The growth zones appear to be formed seasonally, at least in some cases, probably in relation to seasonal changes in growth rates, and perhaps in relation to seasonal reproductive activity
Lignification and Xylogenesis in Lactuca Pith Explants Cultured In Vitro in the Presence of Auxin and Cytokinin: A Role for Endogenous Ethylene

Lignification and xylogenesis were studied in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Romaine) pith parenchyma expiants cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, and glucose. Lignin formation was observed to occur in two distinct phases, one preceding xylem differentiation (days 0-3 of culture) and another coincident with maximal xylogenesis (days 4-7). The rate of soluble phenolic production by these expiants increased concomitant with the first phase of lignification, then decreased during the second phase. Addition of silver, an ethylene antagonist, to the culture medium inhibited the second phase of lignification and markedly reduced wall-bound peroxidase activity. Exogenous L-methionine, an ethylene precursor, completely reversed the inhibitory effect of silver on lignification and wall-bound peroxidase activity. Silver increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, but had no effect on soluble phenolic production or soluble peroxidase activity. These results suggest that ethylene may play a role in controlling lignification during xylogenesis by inducing wall-bound peroxidase activity.
Infinite families of surface symmetries

Consider a sequenceN a,b :g ↦ag+b, g=2,3,… wherea, b are rational numbers anda≥0. We say thatN a,b is admissible if for infinitely manyg’s there exists a finite groupG of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of a compact orientable surface of genusg such that |G|=N a,b (g). In this case we shall also say thatG belongs toN a,b . The main result of the paper is that ifa+b≠0, then any group belonging toN a,b contains a cyclic subgroup of bounded index, where the bound depends only ona,b. Moreovera+b is positive, and 2b/a is an integer. This implies, for instance, that there are only finitely many possibilities for perfect subgroups or quotient groups of groups belonging toN a,b .
TEST OF THE INDEPENDENCE HYPOTHESIS BY ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS.

Angular distributions, average projected ranges, and cross sections for the production of $^{137m}\mathrm{Ce}$ and $^{137g}\mathrm{Ce}$ from the $^{136}\mathrm{Ba}(^{4}\mathrm{He},3n)$ and $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}(^{3}\mathrm{He},3n)$ reactions have been measured over the energy intervals 27-44 and 14-33 MeV, respectively. The average ranges were found to be consistent with a compound-nuclear process over the entire energy interval for both reactions. The isomer ratios are in good agreement with a calculation based on the spin-dependent statistical theory. Comparison is made with previous cross-section and isomer-ratio measurements, and various discrepancies are discussed. The angular distributions were analyzed to give the average total kinetic energy of the neutrons and photons emitted in the reactions. Comparison of these quantities at the same excitation energy and angular momentum of the compound nuclei shows that they are equal within the limits of error and thereby confirms the independence hypothesis. The observed differences in the average photon energies for reactions leading to $^{137m}\mathrm{Ce}$ and $^{137g}\mathrm{Ce}$ are quantitatively related to the difference in the average angular momentum of compound nuclei leading to each isomer.
Rimming flow of liquid in a rotating cylinder

Steady two-dimensional flow of Newtonian liquid in a layer around the inside of a rotating horizontal cylinder is analysed as a regular perturbation from rigid-body motion. The equations governing the first perturbation are solved in closed form. Parameter limits are taken in order to elucidate the flow structure and to provide simpler working formulae. The limiting cases are for small Reynolds numbers, which resembles viscous film flow down a curved wall; for large Reynolds numbers, which involves a periodic boundary layer; and for small ratios of average film thickness to cylinder radius. In every case the maximum film thickness occurs in the upper quadrant on the rising side of the cylinder and the minimum thickness is diametrically opposite.
Connecting theory to fat talk: Body dissatisfaction mediates the relationships between weight discrepancy, upward comparison, body surveillance, and fat talk

Abstract The fat talk literature is meager in terms of offering theoretical explanations for women's self-disparaging communication. The research presented here sought to establish a relationship between three prominent body image theories – self-discrepancy theory, social comparison theory, and objectification theory – and fat talk by proposing body dissatisfaction as a potential mediating mechanism. Young adult women (N = 201) completed an online questionnaire. As predicted, results revealed that body dissatisfaction significantly mediated the relationships between weight discrepancy, upward comparison, body surveillance and fat talk. Effect size estimates indicated that the size of each indirect effect was medium in magnitude.
“Instead of Growing Under Her Heart, I Grew in It”: The Relationship Between Adoption Entrance Narratives and Adoptees' Self-Concept

Adoptees are partially or entirely disconnected from those involved in their birth stories, so adoptive families create adoption entrance narratives to fill that void. Scholars assert that these narratives impact adopted child well-being later in life, but that assumption has yet to be empirically tested. The goal of this study was to examine themes emerging from adoption entrance narratives (n = 105), and to then determine the impact of story content on adoptees' self-concept. Seven themes emerged: openness, deception, chosen child, fate, difference, rescue, and reconnection. Results indicate the salience of the chosen child, negative reconnection, and difference themes significantly predicted differences in adoptees' self-concept.
A GAUSSIAN DERIVATIVE OPERATOR FOR AUTHENTIC EDGE DETECTION AND ACCURATE EDGE LOCALIZATION

One of the nice properties of the Gaussian scale space map is its well behavedness. This rather well-behaved nature is somewhat deceptive, however, as portions of the map may not have any direct relationship to the features in the unfiltered image.4 It has been shown that not all zero-crossing surface patches can be associated with intensity changes in the unfiltered image. Zero-crossings give rise to both authentic and phantom scale map contours. Recently, we proposed an edge enhancement operator, the LWF, which is a weighted combination of the Gaussian and its second derivative.6 In this paper, we prove analytically and demonstrate experimentally that the LWF produces the authentic scale map contours only. We also show that the LWF has excellent edge localization (i.e. the points marked by the operator is very close to center of the true edge). A performance comparison between the Laplacian of Gaussian and LWF operators with respect to the localization property is also presented.
A Folded Monomeric Intermediate in the Formation of Lambda Cro Dimer-DNA Complexes

The folding, dimerization and DNA binding equilibria of the bacteriophage lambda Cro repressor have been characterized. Comparison with four engineered variants shows that a folded monomeric species is substantially populated under conditions used for the formation of dimer-DNA complexes. Although Cro dimers are the only DNA-bound species observed in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, cooperativity in Cro-DNA binding isotherms shows that the predominant free protein species is monomeric at nanomolar concentrations. Micromolar dissociation constants for Cro dimers have been measured in the absence of DNA by sedimentation equilibrium and gel filtration chromatography. Denaturation of Cro dimers in the 10 to 100 micromolar concentration range by guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is well modeled as a two-state process, with folded dimers and unfolded monomers as the only significantly populated species. However, linear extrapolation of this composite unfolding and dimer dissociation free energy predicts a nanomolar dissociation constant in the absence of denaturant. This extrapolation is clearly inconsistent with the DNA binding and hydrodynamic measurements. Our interpretation of these results is that the monomeric species detected in DNA binding and hydrodynamic experiments is predominantly folded. The stability of the folded monomeric species can be calculated as the difference between the dimerization free energy determined from hydrodynamic measurements and the folding free energy extrapolated from GdnHCl denaturation. The calculated stability of the Cro F58W monomer is greater than that of the wild-type Cro monomer. Thus, residue 58, which makes critical intermolecular contacts across the dimer interface, is also involved in intramolecular stabilization of the monomeric intermediate.
Impact of fuel cell system design used in series fuel cell HEV on net present value (NPV)

For a series fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV), it is critical that the degree of hybridization between the fuel cell power and battery power be determined so as to maximize the vehicle's performance variables, such as fuel efficiency and fuel savings. Because of the cost of and wide range of design choices for prototype vehicles, a development process that can quickly and systematically determine the design characteristics of hybrid systems (including battery size and vehicle-level control parameters that maximize the vehicle's net present value [NPV] during the planning stage) is needed. Argonne National Laboratory developed AUTONOMIE, a modeling and simulation framework, and, with support from MathWorks, the laboratory has integrated that software with an optimization algorithm and parallel computing tools to enable that development process. This paper presents the results of a study that used the development process, in which the NPV was the present value of all the future expenses and savings associated with a vehicle. The initial investment in the battery and the future savings that will result from reduced gasoline consumption are compared. The investment and savings results depend on the battery size and vehicle usage. For each battery size at the given fuel cell power and efficiency, the control parameters were optimized to ensure the best performance possible from using the battery design under consideration. Real-world driving patterns and survey results from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) were used to simulate the usage of vehicles over their lifetimes.
The unmasking of diabetes mellitus by psychoanalysis.

Abstract Many reports have indicated that diabetes mellitus can become manifested or aggravated by emotional frustrations, especially with a separation or bereavement. This is a report of two cases in which psychoanalysis was accompanied by, or followed by, the appearance of diabetes. Both were physicians seeking analysis for character problems. Before psychoanalysis medical examination revealed no organic disease. Psychological consultation suggested ability to make use of psychoanalysis. One patient, age 31, developed diabetes between six and nine months after starting analysis, with denial of symptoms for three months. His mother had had diabetes from a later age than his. With modifications in psychoanalytic technique the psychotherapy was continued for 556 hours with the diabetes reamaining stable but requiring 32 units of lente insulin daily. The second patient, age 44, was in a modified analysis for eight years and manifested a polyneuritis during the fourth year. During termination of the psychoanalytic therapy she presented an acute brain syndrome found to be related to a labile glucose metabolism. A subclinical diabetes and an elevated cholesterol remained when supportive psychotherapy was continued. Both patients had been using denial as a defence against dependence on the analyst and were turning anger against themselves about frustrations in the psychoanalytic therapy before the diabetes was revealed. It was concluded that the psychotherapeutic approach must be modified when this complication occurs during the course of psychoanalysis.
Places of possibility: where mixed-race partners meet

Although mixed-race partnering in the United States is on the rise, scholars have paid scant attention to where people of 'differently racialized parentage' (Ifekwunigwe, 2001: 46) actually meet. In an effort to help fill this gap, this paper (1) offers an overview of current scholarship on places of encounter and (2) aims to provide a blueprint for future research that will explicitly interrogate where mixed-race partners meet. We organize our survey around four contexts - residential neighborhoods, workplaces, educational settings, and cyberspace - to point out productive avenues for further inquiry. In contrast to much of the literature cited in this essay and in an effort to emphasize the intersections of race and space, we advocate for new scholarship that addresses the times and places where routine, prosaic, interactions between adults can erode long-standing stereotypes and lead to meaningful relationships. In studying everyday social and spatial processes, we highlight the potential insights gained from detailing the 'micro-geographies of habitual practice' (Nash, 2000: 656).
Implementation of DQ domain control in DSP and FPGA

Current control in three-phase voltage source converters (VSC) is usually performed in the dq-coordinate system because of its ability to eliminate steady-state tracking errors. For grid-connected VSCs, such as PWM rectifiers and grid-parallel inverters for integration of renewable energy and energy storage devices, a phase-locked loop (PLL) is commonly used to synthesize a set of harmonic-free voltages synchronized to the grid voltages for transformation between the dq and the abc coordinate systems. The multitude of control functions in large systems, such as wind turbines, necessitate the use of multiple digital control devices. In such cases, the PLL output has to be transferred among different devices. To reduce the bandwidth requirements and noise susceptibility of such signal transfer, this paper presents a PLL implementation method that distributes the PLL function into different devices. Instead of transferring directly the synthesized grid voltage angle, the synthesized grid frequency, which has much lower signal bandwidth, is communicated. A binary reset signal is used to eliminate the difference between initial values of the distributed integrators that convert locally frequency into reference angle. An experimental system consisting of a three-phase VSC, a TMS320F28335 DSP, and an Altera DE2 board with a Cyclone II EP2C35 field programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to demonstrate the proposed concept.
Consumer profiling for demand response programs in smart grids

In this paper, we propose new models for consumer demand response estimation in a smart energy environment, where consumers have access to real time electricity pricing information and can respond to price signals by changing their energy consumption through a two-way communication system. We introduce a stochastic model that differentiates and characterizes two principal constituents of consumers demand response behavior: a long-term steady behavior and a short-term dynamic response behavior. We further propose a method to estimate conditional probability distributions of future demand given current demand and price information, which gives a complete probabilistic characterization of the short-term dynamic response behavior. This approach extracts much more information on consumer behavior from a given set of data than the traditional approach which estimates statistics such as demand elasticity directly. We demonstrate our methodology with the residential demand response experimental data taken from the Olympic Peninsula project, and discuss in detail the results of the proposed approach.
Modelling anisotropic wave propagation in oceanic inhomogeneous structures using the parallel multidomain pseudo-spectral method

SUMMARY We have developed a multidomain pseudo-spectral method for 3-D anisotropic seismic waveform modelling to run in a high-performance parallel computer. The numerical scheme solves acoustic and elastic wave equations formulated by velocity and stress for fluid layers and solid spaces, respectively. Spatial variations of velocity and stress fields propagating in general anisotropic and heterogeneous media are calculated by high-accuracy Fourier and Chebyshev diVerential operators. The fourth-order Runge‐Kutta method is employed for time-marching of the wavefields. The domain decomposition technique divides the full space into several subdomains bounded by discontinuous features with steep velocity gradients. The propagating wavefronts are separately calculated in each subdomain, then wavefield matching procedures subject to the continuity condition for the velocity and traction are imposed at the interface of subdomains. Non-periodic boundary conditions at the free surface and the non-reflected edge at the bottom of the model space are adequately represented by expansion in Chebyshev polynomials. Parallelizing the serial algorithm eVectively reduces the computation time. Data locally distributed in many processors for the parallel program provides the large memory storage needed for a 3-D model. The waveforms calculated by this numerical scheme show accuracy comparable with a known analytical solution. The numerical experiments indicate the eVectiveness of the multidomain approach in modelling seismic energy partitioning into reflected, refracted and transmitted waves at velocity discontinuities such as the crust/water interface and in generating synthetic seismograms at seafloor aVected by water reverberations. We simulate seismic wave propagation in isotropic and anisotropic elastic media with hexagonal, orthorhombic and monoclinic symmetries, which represent possible symmetry systems in the mantle and crust. The propagating wavefields possess observable diVerences in wavefront geometry, phase arrivals, disturbed amplitude and shear-wave splitting. The azimuthal dependence in traveltimes and variability in synthetic waveforms demonstrates that fine details of anisotropic velocity structures can be resolved by comparing simulated full waveforms with observed seismograms recorded at various distances and azimuths.
Clinical pattern and pathologic stage but not histologic features predict outcome for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

Abstract Background The histologic criteria defining bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) were recently revised, but it is unclear whether these criteria predict clinical behavior. This study determined the outcome of resected BAC in relationship to clinical and radiologic disease pattern, and pathologic features. Methods Between 1989 and 2000, 100 consecutive surgically treated patients with adenocarcinomas exhibiting various degrees of BAC features were retrospectively studied. Histology was reviewed; tumors were classified as pure BAC, BAC with focal invasion, and adenocarcinoma with BAC features. Clinical and radiologic pattern were classified as unifocal, multifocal, or pneumonic. Demographic data, tumor stage, and outcome were recorded. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were determined by the log-rank test. Results Patient median age was 65, and 74% of the patients were female. Pure BAC, BAC with focal invasion, and adenocarcinoma with BAC features occurred in 47, 21, and 32 patients, respectively. Unifocal disease occurred in 64 patients, multifocal in 29, and pneumonic in 7. Seventy-one patients had stage I/II tumors, 22 had stage III/IV, and 7 patients had Stage X tumors. Overall 5-year survival was 74%. There was no significant difference in survival among the three histologic subtypes. The pneumonic pattern had significantly worse survival compared with unifocal and multifocal patterns. Pathologic stage predicted survival, with 5-year survivals for I/II and III/IV of 83.7% and 59.6%, respectively. Conclusions Clinical pattern and pathologic stage, but not the degree of invasion on histologic examination predict survival. Multifocal disease is associated with excellent long-term survival after resection. The favorable survival of stage III/IV BAC indicates that the current staging system does not fully describe this disease in patients undergoing resection because of its distinct tumor behavior.
Dynamic tunneling and scattering resonances

A new type of quantum billiard, the ripple billiard, allows us to use reaction matrix theory to study the effect of dynamic tunneling on scattering processes in systems for which the underlying classical phase space contains a mixture of chaotic and regular orbits. We find that large scattering resonances occur due to dynamic tunneling of the quantum particle into classically forbidden nonlinear resonance regions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Fiber Strength Utilization in Carbon/Carbon Composites

Abstract : The utilization of tensile strength of carbon fibers in unidirectional carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was studied for a series of four mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers in a carbon matrix derived from a polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin. The fibers had moduli of 35, 75, and 130 Mpsi. Composite processing conditions ranged from the cured-resin state to various heat-treatment temperatures (HTTs) from 1100 to 1750 deg C for the C/Cs. Room- temperature tensile strength and modulus were measured for the various processing conditions, and were correlated with SEM observations of fracture surfaces, fiber and matrix microstructures, and fiber/matrix interphase structures. Fiber tensile strength utilization (FSU) is defined as the ratio of apparent fiber strength in the C/C to the fiber strength in an epoxy-resin- matrix composite. Carbonization heat treatment to 1100 deg C results in a battle carbon matrix that bonds strongly with the three lower modulus fibers, resulting in matrix-dominated failure at FSU values of 24 to 35%. However, the composite with the 130-Mpsi modulus filament had an FSU of 79%. It is attributed to a combination of tough fracture within the filament itself and a weaker fiber/ matrix interface. Both factors lead to crack deflection and blunting rather than to crack propagation. The presence of a weakened interface is inferred from observations of fiber pullout. Much of the FSU of the three lower modulus fibers is recovered by HIT to 2100 or 2400 deg C, principally as a result of interface weakening, which works to prevent matrix-dominated fracture. With HTT to 2750 deg C, there is a drop in FSU for all the composites; it is apparently the result of a combination of fiber degradation and reduced matrix stress-transfer capability