cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal

Objective: To identify case reports and studies regarding patients who abused, became dependent on, or experienced withdrawal from gabapentin. Data Sources: A PubMed literature search (1993 to October 2015) was performed using the search terms gabapentin, withdrawal, dependence, and addiction. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection: All English-language case reports and studies were evaluated. Data Synthesis: A total of 18 case reports or case series were identified regarding addiction to or withdrawal from gabapentin. All the cases of addiction were in patients who had a previous history of alcohol, cocaine, or opioid abuse. On average, the patients were taking more than 3000 mg/d (600-8000 mg/d). Two surveys reported that the misuse of gabapentin was 1.1% in the general population and 22% in drug abuse treatment centers. Withdrawal, when reported, occurred within 12 hours to 7 days of discontinuation of the medication. Conclusion: There have been num...
Synthesis of Methylidene Complexes that Contain a 2,6-Dimesitylphenylimido Ligand and Ethenolysis of 2,3-Dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene

Monoalkoxide pyrrolide (MAP) complexes that contain a 2,6-dimesitylphenylimido (NAr*) ligand react with ethylene to yield unsubstituted metallacyclobutanes that are in equilibrium with methylidene complexes, W(NAr*)(CH2)(Me2Pyr)(OR) (R = t-Bu, OCMe(CF3)2, SiPh3, or 2,6-Me2C6H3). Polymerization of 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) with M═CHCMe2Ph (M = Mo or W) initiators is slow as a consequence of a slow propagation step. However, W(NAr*)(CH2)(Me2Pyr)(OR) (R = SiPh3 or 2,6-dimethylphenyl) complexes react readily with 1 equiv of DCMNBD to give a monoinsertion product. The facile reaction between the monoinsertion product and ethylene then allows these complexes to be catalyts for the ring-opening cross-metathesis (ethenolysis) of DCMNBD and DCMNBE (2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornene) with minimal formation of polymer.
Design Principles for Optimum Performance of Porous Carbons in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

A series of experiments is presented that establishes for the first time the role of some of the key design parameters of porous carbons including surface area, pore volume, and pore size on battery performance. A series of hierarchical porous carbons is used as a model system with an open, 3D, interconnected porous framework and highly controlled porosity. Specifically, carbons with surface areas ranging from ≈500–2800 m2 g−1, pore volume from ≈0.6–5 cm3 g−1, and pore size from micropores (≈1 nm) to large mesopores (≈30 nm) are synthesized and tested. At high sulfur loadings (≈80 wt% S), pore volume is more important than surface area with respect to sulfur utilization. Mesopore size, in the range tested, does not affect the sulfur utilization. No relationship between porosity and long-term cycle life is observed. All systems fail after 200–300 cycles, which is likely due to the consumption of the LiNO3 additive over cycling. Moreover, cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of these carbon–sulfur composites combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides further insights into the effect of initial sulfur distribution on sulfur utilization while also revealing the inadequacy of the indirect characterization techniques alone in reliably predicting distribution of sulfur within porous carbon matrices.
A Q-cycle mechanism for the cyclic electron-transfer chain of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.

Over the past few years, work from a number of laboratories has shown that the ubiquinol :cytochrome c, (QH, :cyt. c,) oxidoreductase of the cyclic photosynthetic electron-transport chain of R hodopseudomonas sphaeroides is essentially similar to the mitochondria1 complex 111. Scheme 1 summarizes our present knowledge of the thermodynamics, kinetics and stoichiometry of the components of the chain, shown operating as a Q-cycle (Mitchell, 1976). We have previously pointed out that several features of the kinetics following flash illumination appeared to be inconsistent with Q-cycle mechanisms proposed to operate in this system (Crofts et al., 1975, 1981). In reviewing a number of recent results from our own work and that of other laboratories, we have now been able to show that the data can be accounted for by a Q-cycle, but only if this is formulated within narrow constraints. Recent information pertinent to our new formulation is summarized below. (i) The Rieske-type FeS centre has been characterized, with the midpoint redox potential, stoichiometry and kinetics shown in Scheme 1 (Bowyer et al., 1979, 1980). (ii) A bound cyt. c analogous to mitochondria1 cyt. c, has been shown to be present in the chain (Wood, 1980; Bowyer et al., 1981). (iii) The kinetics, stoichiometry and Em (midpoint potential) values of cyt. c , and cyt. c, in chromatophores have been determined (Crofts et al., 1981), as shown in Scheme 1. (iv) The low potential b-type cytochrome (cyt. b,,,) has been shown to be a kinetically competent member of the chain (Bowyer & Crofts, 1981; Crofts et al., 1981). (v) The stoichiometries of the other components of the QH,:cyt. c, oxidoreductase complex in relation to the reaction centre (one complex per two reaction centres) have been assigned, assuming that the stoichiometries with respect to cyt. c, and cyt. b,,, are the same as those in mitochondria (Crofts et al., 198 1). The experimental results and conclusions which have led us to reevaluate the Q-cycle are discussed below.
Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Profile Data With Applications to Quality Control of Nanomanufacturing

In this paper, we propose to use the multiple ultrasonic attenuation profiles measured at different locations of a specimen to infer the microstructure of metal-matrix nanocomposites. We present a general framework to connect the profile data with both explanatory variables and product quality parameters for quality inference. In particular, a hierarchical linear model with level-2 variance heterogeneity is proposed to model the relationship between ultrasonic attenuation profiles, ultrasonic frequency, and the microstructural parameters of the nanocomposites. An integrated Bayesian framework for model estimation, model selection, and inference of the microstructural parameters is proposed through blocked Gibbs sampling, intrinsic Bayes factor, and importance sampling. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through case studies.
Differential sensitivity to intracellular pH among high- and low-threshold Ca2+ currents in isolated rat CA1 neurons.

Tombaugh, Geoffrey C. and George G. Somjen. Differential sensitivity to intracellular pH among high- and low-threshold Ca2+ currents in isolated rat CA1 neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 639–653, 1997....
Review of Advances in Uroprotective Agents for Cyclophosphamide- and Ifosfamide-induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are widely used drugs for malignancies and rheumatologic conditions. One of the most significant adverse reactions to these drugs is hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna is the most widely used uroprotective agent that acts to neutralize the caustic metabolite, acrolein, responsible for induction of hemorrhagic cystitis. However, mesna is not a perfect alternative, and studies since its discovery have investigated the use of alternative drugs and adjuncts to increase mesna's efficacy. This review details some of the recent work into novel uroprotective agents for drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
Homogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Rates Correlate with Reaction Overpotential in Acidic Organic Solutions.

Improved electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are critical for the advancement of fuel cell technologies. Herein, we report a series of 11 soluble iron porphyrin ORR electrocatalysts that possess turnover frequencies (TOFs) from 3 s–1 to an unprecedented value of 2.2 × 106 s–1. These TOFs correlate with the ORR overpotential, which can be modulated by changing the E1/2 of the catalyst using different ancillary ligands, by changing the solvent and solution acidity, and by changing the catalyst’s protonation state. The overpotential is well-defined for these homogeneous electrocatalysts by the E1/2 of the catalyst and the proton activity of the solution. This is the first such correlation for homogeneous ORR electrocatalysis, and it demonstrates that the remarkably fast TOFs are a consequence of high overpotential. The correlation with overpotential is surprising since the turnover limiting steps involve oxygen binding and protonation, as opposed to turnover limiting electron transfer co...
Black, Queer, Dandy: The Beauty Without Whom We Cannot Live

Taking seriously (and for granted) the playful perversity of blackness, “Black, Queer, Dandy” examines the black dandy archive’s encounter with Oscar Wilde. Looking to his precursor, arch and witty eighteenth-century “dandy in black” Julius Soubise, and his heir, sardonic black British artist Yinka Shonibare, this essay suggests that Wilde’s caricature as a black(face) minstrel dandy on his visit to America in the 1880s was both a compliment and an insult. Wilde as black dandy, and/or the black dandy in association with Wilde, attempted to associate the aesthete with an apish blackness and black people with a perverse foreignness. In the figures of Soubise and Shonibare, these insults are turned into a fabulous, subversive queerness productive of both nurture and death.
Ablation of dielectric materials during laser irradiation involving strong vibrational coupling

Photon energy can be deposited efficiently into an exceedingly small volume by using a laser tuned to a vibrational resonance of the material. Both calcite and silica have absorption depths of a few tenths micron at the asymmetric carbonate stretch (7.1 μm) and the Si-O stretch (9.6 μm), respectively. With the pulse energy available from a tunable mid-infrared free-electron laser, the small absorption volume is rapidly superheated. The result is a very clean ablation crater with little or no evidence of melted material or other debris at the rim or outside of the ablation crater. We propose that this clean, fracture-free, highly efficient ablation of dielectric materials is the result of the rapid heating of the absorption volume, in which the heat is confined by the low thermal conductivity of the material, to a critical temperature Tc where explosive homogenous nucleation occurs.
Linking Pathogen Virulence, Host Immunity and The Microbiota at the Intestinal Barrier

The mechanisms that allow enteric pathogens to colonize the intestine and host immunity as well as the indigenous microbiota to inhibit pathogen colonization remain poorly understood. Our laboratory is using Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse pathogen that models human infections by enteropathogenic E. coli, to understand the mechanisms that regulate the colonization and clearance of the pathogen in the gut. These studies have revealed how the pathogen colonizes and replicates successfully early during infection and how host immunity and the indigenous microbiota cooperate to eradicate the pathogen in the later stage of the infection. The impairment of the immune system to control the barrier function of the intestine leads to pathogen invasion and the induction of a second layer of host protective immunity to limit the systemic spread of the pathogen.(Presented at the 1931st Meeting, January 17, 2017).
A novel freeform extrusion fabrication process for producing solid ceramic components with uniform layered radiation drying

Abstract An extrusion-based additive manufacturing process, called the Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion (CODE) process, for producing three-dimensional ceramic components with near theoretical density is introduced in this paper. In this process, an aqueous paste of ceramic particles with a very low binder content (
Northern range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus): Analysis of mosquito data from Connecticut, USA.

Background The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species and important arbovirus vector that was introduced into the U.S. in the 1980's where it continues to expand its range. Winter temperature is an important constraint to its northward expansion, with potential range limits located between the 0° and -5°C mean cold month isotherm. Connecticut is located within this climatic zone and therefore, Ae. albopictus was monitored statewide to assess its northern range expansion and to delineate where populations can stably persist. Methodology/Principal findings Ae. albopictus females were monitored at fixed trapping sites throughout Connecticut from June-October over a 20-year period, 1997–2016. In addition, Ae. albopictus larvae and pupae were collected from tire habitats and tires were retrieved from the field in the spring and flooded to evaluate overwintering success of hatching larvae. Ae. albopictus was first detected during statewide surveillance when a single adult female was collected in 2006. This species was not collected again until 2010 and was subsequently detected each successive year with increasing abundance and distribution except following the unusually cold winters of 2014 and 2015. Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were most abundant in urban and suburban locations along the southwestern shoreline of Connecticut; however, single specimens were occasionally detected in central parts of the state. Field-collected females were also screened for arbovirus infection yielding two isolations of Cache Valley virus and one isolation of West Nile virus, highlighting the threat posed by this mosquito. Ae. albopictus overwintered in Connecticut under mild winter conditions as shown by recovery of hatched larvae from field collected tires in spring and by early season detection of larvae and pupae. Conclusions/Significance This study documents the establishment and expansion of Ae. albopictus at the northern boundary of its range in the northeastern U.S. and provides a baseline for monitoring the future spread of this species anticipated under climate change.
Peptide and Peptide-Dependent Motions in MHC Proteins: Immunological Implications and Biophysical Underpinnings.

Structural biology of peptides presented by class I and class II MHC proteins has transformed immunology, impacting our understanding of fundamental immune mechanisms and allowing researchers to rationalize immunogenicity and design novel vaccines. However, proteins are not static structures as often inferred from crystallographic structures. Their components move and breathe individually and collectively over a range of timescales. Peptides bound within MHC peptide binding grooves are no exception, and their motions have been shown to impact recognition by TCRs and other receptors in ways that influence function. Further, peptides tune the motions of MHC proteins themselves, which impacts recognition of peptide/MHC complexes by other proteins. Here we review the motional properties of peptides in MHC binding grooves and discuss how peptide properties can influence MHC motions. We briefly review theoretical concepts about protein motion and highlight key data that illustrate immunological consequences. We focus primarily on class I systems due to greater availability of data, but segue into class II systems as the concepts and consequences overlap. We suggest that characterization of the dynamic “energy landscapes” of peptide/MHC complexes and the resulting functional consequences is one of the next frontiers in structural immunology.
High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Structural Materials in Molten Chlorides

A molten salt-based process for treatment of spent oxide fuels is under development at the Argonne National Laboratory. A major part of the development effort involves identification of corrosion-resistant structural materials for the process vessels. Coupons of two stainless steels, tantalum, and two Inconel alloys were submitted to a corrosion test in an argon atmosphere with 10% oxygen. The coupons were partially immersed in molten lithium chloride salt containing small amounts of lithium metal, lithium oxide, and lithium nitride. Two sets of coupons were tested, the first at 750°C for 30 days and the second at 650°C for 6 days. Coupons of the first set corroded completely. In the second set of coupons, all corroded to some extent, but Inconel 600 showed the best performance overall. The salt-exposed region generally showed the greatest corrosion in the other coupons. One of the 316L SS coupons was welded and the weld area was severely attacked.
Photo-responsive bio-inspired adhesives: facile control of adhesion strength via a photocleavable crosslinker

A photo-responsive bio-inspired adhesive consisting of a zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA), DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), and a photocleavable nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl containing crosslinker was synthesized by thermally-initiated free radical polymerization. The main component, pSBMA, is a highly hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer with a high potential for biomedical application. The DOPA functionality, an extensively studied major component of the adhesion properties in mussels, is known to universally enhance polymeric adhesion properties even in the presence of water. The third component, a nitrobenzyl-containing dimethacrylate crosslinker, is efficiently cleaved upon UV irradiation. Proton NMR analysis of the crosslinker, 2-nitro-1,3-benzenedimethanol dimethacrylate (NBDM), demonstrates that photocleavage of the o-nitrobenzyl ester occurs rapidly for 30 minutes, then gradually continues for another 3 hours. The same patterns of photocleavage were observed in a terpolymer adhesive containing the nitrobenzyl crosslinker, poly(N-methacryloyl-3,4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-2-nitro-1,3-benzenedimethanol dimethacrylate), poly(MDOPA-co-SBMA-co-NBDM). The terpolymer adhesive demonstrated a reduction in adhesion properties over the course of irradiation corresponding to the cleavage rate observed by 1H NMR analysis of NBDM. After 30 minutes of UV irradiation the original adhesion strength, 341 kPa, was decreased to 223 kPa, corresponding to a 35% reduction. The adhesion strength continued to decrease to 150 kPa at the 3 hours mark, a 56% reduction compared to the original adhesion strength.
Private Equity, Jobs, and Productivity: A Comment

Davis et al. (2014) provide evidence that the impact of leveraged buyouts on employment is quite modest. We challenge this view. We illustrate that the documented job creation is the artifact of deviating from Census data event time and selecting October. Moreover, job destruction is potentially underestimated due to four deviations from established practices: (1) failing to specifically identify leveraged buyouts; (2) including secondary buyouts; (3) testing treated establishments while no longer treated; and (4) failing to consider bankruptcies. Finally, Census data under represents controversial larger public-to-private leveraged buyouts. Nonetheless, we applaud efforts to bring data to these sensitive issues.
“Every India Mail”: The Lamplighter and the Prospect of U.S. Transoceanic (Postal) Empire, 1847–1854

This chapter shows how mid-nineteenth-century government policymakers and popular writers relied on a shared sentimental language to validate prospective U.S. (postal) empires. Beginning in 1847, subsidized postal circuits began to secure U.S. martial and economic power in transoceanic space. Competing policymakers, such as Charles Sumner and Matthew Maury, invoked the promise of domestic fiction—namely family reunion and the expansion of sympathetic connections—to justify these circuits’ further expansion to India or the hemispheric south. Maria Cummins’s 1854 domestic fiction The Lamplighter (1854) may be read as a judgment of these respective policies. Her heroine’s reliance on India’s postal service and her triumph over harmful southern mail naturalized an Indo-American imperial circuit. In short, tracking India’s mail reveals empire’s material and social circuits.
An Innovative lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery hybrid solution for telecom in frequent grid off region

The lithium-ion battery has been gradually used in telecom industry as its outstanding cycle performance, large charge and discharge current, high energy density and so on. However, the expensive cost of lithium-ion battery is still the big trouble for telecom operators in the context of spending cuts. This paper introduces an innovative lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery hybrid solution to solve the issue that operators need high performance battery and long backup time in frequent grid-off region. Compared with pure lithium-ion battery or traditional diesel generator power solution, the lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery hybrid solution has better economy to help operators reduce investment and OPEX.
Trajectory analysis among African hominoids can provide insights into genetic and epigenetic influences during ontogeny

OBJECTIVES Prior examination of the ontogeny of Hominoid talo-crural joint morphology using Singular Warp analysis suggested both a genetic and epigenetic signal during development. This question is examined using trajectory analysis and its implications for the Hominin fossil record explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trajectory analysis was used to examine talo-crural joint shape at different molar eruption stages during development among a cohort of 221 specimens of Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pan paniscus. Trajectory length, angle, and shape were compared among species. Trajectories that showed a consistent pattern of shape change were predicted to show a genetic signal, while change in that pattern an epigenetic signal. RESULTS The trajectories of all four hominoid tali were consistent during M1-M2 development, but there was a change in Pan paniscus alone at M2-M3. The tibial trajectories were again consistent in M1-M2 development, however, only Pan paniscus persisted in this trajectory at M2-M3 while the other three changed. DISCUSSION Trajectory analysis demonstrated an epigenetic signal in Pan paniscus in the talus and among the other three hominoids in the tibia. Behavioral (epigenetic) changes may impact hominoid ankle shape in extant species. These changes may reflect differences in locomotor repertoire altering shape, as has been suggested in the Hominin fossil record. Further examination of closely related hominoid species may provide insights into potential behavioral influences in the rapid change and diversity of Hominin talo-crural shape in the Plio-pleistocene.
Radiation Environments and Alloy Behavior

Water reactors, breeder reactors, and fusion reactors will play an expanding role in our society for at least the next few centuries. Each requires that materials perform reliably under intense irradiation for years or decades. Several new phenomena occurring when alloys are exposed to such an environment have been identified, e.g., radiation creep, swelling, hardening, helium effects, and embrittlement. All but the helium effects result from the precipitation and annealing of the point defects continuously produced by fast neutrons. The current theories concerning these phenomena are described, and the requirements for future alloy design are outlined.
The Future of Behavior Analysis in Educational Settings

In 1980, a national conference (Ysseldyke & Weinberg, 1981) acknowledged a growing crisis of morale and mission in the discipline of school psychology. As part of that conference, Baer and Bushell (1981) described the accomplishments of behavior-analytic approaches to public education. We said of behavior analysis that “It could transform a classroom of shouting, aggressive, destructive, rebellious, out-of-seat vandals into a quiet, seated, attentive, and industrious work force.”
Bidirectional AOMDV Routing Protocol for Full-Duplex Ad-Hoc Networks

A mobile wireless ad-hoc network equipped with full-duplex nodes is considered. This allows formation of bidirectional routes, where every forward and reverse route between a source and destination pair completely overlaps. These completely-overlapped bidirectional route(s) can support efficient transmission of bidirectional flows between a pair of source and destination nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol, called as bidirectional AOMDV (BAOMDV), that discovers multiple, link-disjoint, bidirectional routes in the network, in order to make efficient use of full-duplex nodes. This routing protocol overcomes the limitations of existing AOMDV based protocols in finding the bidirectional routes. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed BAOMDV routing protocol outperforms the current schemes in literature (AOMDV and optimized AOMDV) in medium and high mobility scenarios, in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.
Interactive role of weight status and fat talk on body dissatisfaction: an observation of women friends

The current study examined the interactive role of weight status and fat talk on body dissatisfaction among women friends. Sixty pairs of women friends completed a measure of body dissatisfaction and engaged in an observed fat talk interaction with their friend. Women’s weight status was related to their own, but not their friend’s, body dissatisfaction. Observed fat talk was significantly related to individuals’ own and their friend’s body dissatisfaction. A significant interaction effect showed that the association between fat talk and body dissatisfaction was minimal for women with higher weight status. In contrast, fat talk was associated with more body dissatisfaction for women with lower weight status. These findings suggest the importance of examining the conjoint effect of personal (e.g., weight status) and contextual (e.g., fat talk) factors on body image issues. V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Large-scale Interactive Numerical Experiments of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals in Real Time via GPU in a Web Browser.

Abstract The study of complex systems has emerged as an important field with many discoveries still to be made. Computer simulation and visualization provide important tools for studying complex dynamics including chaos, solitons, and fractals, but available computing power has been a limiting factor. In this work, we describe a novel and highly efficient computing and visualization paradigm using a Web Graphics Library ( WebGL 2.0) methodology along with our newly developed library ( Abubu.js ). Our approach harnesses the power of widely available and highly parallel graphics cards while maintaining ease of use by simplifying programming through hiding implementation details, running in a web browser without the need for compilation, and avoiding the use of plugins. At the same time, it allows for interactivity, such as changing parameter values on the fly, and its computing is so fast that zooming in on a region of a fractal like the Mandelbrot set can incur no delay despite having to recalculate values for the entire plane. We demonstrate our approach using a wide range of complex systems that display dynamics from fractals to standing and propagating waves in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions. We also include some models with instabilities that can lead to chaotic dynamics. For all the examples shown here we provide links to the codes for anyone to use , modify and further develop with other models. Overall, the enhanced visualization and computation capabilities provided by WebGL together with Abubu.js have great potential to facilitate new discoveries about complex systems.
Data Assimilation in Large-Prandtl Rayleigh-B\'enard Convection from Thermal Measurements

This work applies a continuous data assimilation scheme---a particular framework for reconciling sparse and potentially noisy observations to a mathematical model---to Rayleigh-Benard convection at infinite or large Prandtl numbers using only the temperature field as observables. These Prandtl numbers are applicable to the earth's mantle and to gases under high pressure. We rigorously identify conditions that guarantee synchronization between the observed system and the model, then confirm the applicability of these results via numerical simulations. Our numerical experiments show that the analytically derived conditions for synchronization are far from sharp; that is, synchronization often occurs even when the conditions of our theorems are not met. We also develop estimates on the convergence of an infinite Prandtl model to a large (but finite) Prandtl number generated set of observations. Numerical simulations in this hybrid setting indicate that the mathematically rigorous results are accurate, but of practical interest only for extremely large Prandtl numbers.
Comparability of Infinities and Infinite Multitude in Galileo and Leibniz

This paper examines the concepts of infinite multitude and comparability of size in Galileo’s discussion of the paradox of the natural numbers in Two New Sciences, and related points in Leibniz’s philosophy. Galileo’s celebrated denial that ‘greater’, ‘less’, and ‘equal’ apply in the infinite threatens two important mathematical principles: Euclid’s Axiom and the Bijection Principle of Cardinal Equality. I consider two potential strategies open to Galileo for preserving the principles, of which the more promising is due to Leibniz. I find, contrary to the customary view, that Galileo’s denial is limited to comparisons among infinite magnitudes and allows judgments of cardinal equality among infinite multitudes, based on one-one correspondences. The paper’s analysis also reveals how intimately related Leibniz’s definition of ‘infinite’ is to Galileo’s discussion, and illuminates key contrasts between their accounts.
Risk of Periprosthetic Infection Following Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injections After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Recent literature has advocated for the effectiveness of postoperative steroid injections following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for improving pain and range of motion when other correctible causes of these symptoms have been eliminated. The safety of such injections has not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of acute infection following intra-articular corticosteroid injection into a preexisting TKA. Methods The Humana dataset was used to identify patients who underwent TKA from 2007 to 2017. Patients with ipsilateral knee corticosteroid injections in the postoperative period were then identified and compared to a 2:1 matched control cohort. A diagnosis of infection within 6 months and 1 year following the injection and an ipsilateral procedure for infection at any time postoperatively were then assessed and compared to controls using a multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 166,946 TKA performed during the study period, 5628 patients had a postoperative corticosteroid injection (3.4%). Patients with injections had a significantly higher rate of periprosthetic infection compared to noninjection matched controls at all studied time points. Conclusion In a large national database, about 3% of patients who undergo TKA have a postoperative steroid injection into their postoperative knee. While there is some existing literature demonstrating improvement in pain and stiffness symptoms after TKA with postoperative injections, the present study demonstrates a significant correlation between postoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections in patients with preexisting TKA and periprosthetic joint infection compared to matched controls who did not receive an injection.
Conduct Disorder: Biology and Developmental Trajectories

For centuries, attempting a successful rehabilitation of youth with antisocial behaviors has challenged juvenile justice systems and society. More recently, advances in science and neuroimaging have permitted a deeper understanding of the biological underpinnings of antisocial behavior and psychopathic tendencies. This paper reviews biological findings in youth with conduct disorder, highlighting comparisons to biological findings in adults with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. Overall, youth with conduct disorder exhibit several biological findings that are similar to adults with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy, consistent with theories that conduct disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that progresses to these adult conditions. There is evidence that treatment interventions might mitigate this progression and induce biological changes. Further, biological findings might guide interventions to rehabilitate youth and change the developmental trajectory of antisocial behaviors.
In situ reductive dissolution to remove Iodine-129 from aquifer sediments

Abstract The use of an aqueous reductant (Na-dithionite) with pH buffer (K-carbonate, pH 12) was evaluated in this laboratory study as a potential remedial approach for removing Fe oxide associated iodine and enhancing pump-and-treat extraction from iodine-contaminated sediments in the unconfined aquifer in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. X-ray fluorescence data of untreated sediment indicated that iodine was largely associated with Fe (i.e., potentially incorporated into Fe oxides), but XANES data was inconclusive as to valence state. During groundwater leaching, aqueous and adsorbed iodine was quickly released, then additional iodine was slowly released potentially from slow dissolution of one or more surface phases. The Na-dithionite treatment removed greater iodine mass (2.9x) at a faster rate (1–4 orders of magnitude) compared to leaching with groundwater alone. Iron extractions for untreated and treated sediments showed a decrease in Fe(III)-oxides, which likely released iodine to aqueous solution. Solid phase inorganic carbon and aqueous Ca and Mg analysis further confirmed that significant calcite dissolution did not occur in these experiments meaning these phases did not release significant iodine. Although it was expected that, after treatment, 127I concentrations would eventually be lower than untreated sediments, continued, elevated iodine concentrations for treated samples over 750 h were observed for leaching experiments. Stop flow events during 1-D column leaching suggested that some iodide precipitated within the first few pore volumes. Further, batch extraction experiments compared iodine-129/127 removal and showed that iodine-129 was more readily removed than iodine-127 suggesting that the two are present in different phases due to their different origins. Although significantly greater iodine is removed with treatment, the long-term leaching needs to be investigated further as it may limit dithionite treatment at the field scale.
Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats

Implantology or implant dentistry is growing fast during last four decades. Facing the growing demand of implant treatment, there are extreme challenges to clinicians and researchers. First is peri-implantitis with remarkable prevalence. Though investigators have revealed that the etiology of the peri-implant infection is similar to periodontitis, clinically there is no effective treatment. Second, implantation in patients with severe systemic conditions, i.e., severe diabetes, lupus, osteoporosis, organ transplant, and cancer with intensive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, is another challenge to implant treatment for lack of scientific research data. Animal models are crucial to help investigators reveal the mechanisms underlying these disorders. Murine models are used most commonly. Rats are the better subject in dental implant research, due to mice could not provide clinical compatible and macro-level measurable data for implant osseointegration and peri-implantitis in oral cavity for lacking enough cancellous bone to support an implant more than 1 mm in length. Our aim of this research is to find a clinical comparable rat dental implant model. Six male Sprague-Dawley rats with body weight more than 500 g were used in the experiment. Each rat received two implants. One implant was placed at maxillary diastema in each side. Seven weeks after the implantation, only one implant successfully osseointegrated without movement and inflammation. Implant success and failure rate is analyzed by using Clopper-Pearson’s exact method at 95% confidence interval. The present data indicate that the true success rate of implantation in maxillary natural diastema in rat is less than 38.4% at a confident level of 95%. Meanwhile, Micro-CT indicates maxillary first molar position will be a promising site for implantation. Maxillary nature diastema may not be an appropriate site for implantation research for its low successful rate, but maxillary first molar position could be a candidate for implantation research. Further researches are required to illustrate the details.
Interleukin-17 pathway activation in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis

Abstract Supporting Limb Laminitis (SLL) is a painful and crippling secondary complication of orthopedic injuries and infections in horses, often resulting in euthanasia. Due to altered weight bearing, SLL causes structural alternations and inflammation of the interdigitating layers of specialized epidermal and dermal tissues, the lamellae, which suspend the equine distal phalanx from the hoof capsule. Activation of the interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dependent inflammatory pathway is an epidermal stress response that contributes to physiologic cutaneous wound healing as well as pathological skin conditions. To test the hypothesis that IL-17 pathway activation is involved in equine epidermal lamellae in SLL, we analyzed the expression of the IL-17 receptor subunit A and 11 genes upregulated by IL-17 in lamellar tissue isolated from Thoroughbreds euthanized due to naturally occurring SLL and in age and breed matched non-laminitic controls. The IL-17 Receptor A subunit was expressed in both non-laminitic and laminitic tissues. In severe acute SLL (n=7) compared to non-laminitic controls (n=8), quantitative PCR demonstrated ∼20-100 fold upregulation of s defensin 4 (E. caballus gene DEFB4B) and S100A9 genes. DEFB4B was also upregulated in developmental (n=8), moderate acute (n=7), and severe chronic (n=5) samples. By RT-PCR, S100A8, MMP9, and PTSG2 (COX2) expression was upregulated in most or all severe acute SLL samples, whereas several other genes, CCL2, CxCL8, TNFα, IL6 and MMP1 were detected in some, but not all, severe acute samples. PTGS2, CCL2, TNFα and IL6 were also expressed in some, but not all, developmental and moderate acute disease stages. Moreover, expression of DEFB4 by in situ hybridization and calprotectin (S100A9/S100A8) protein by immunofluorescence was detected in keratinocytes, primarily in suprabasal cell layers, from SLL samples. These data support the hypothesis that the IL-17 inflammatory pathway is active in equine SLL, and that similarities exist between equine and human epidermal tissue responses to stresses and/or damage.
Reducing Wrong-level Spinal Surgeries Through Root Cause Analyses: A 10-year Longitudinal Analysis of a Single Tertiary Institution's Iterative Policy Improvements.

MINI This study is a comprehensive narrative of all wrong-level spine surgeries and prevention strategies employed at our institution between 2008 and 2019, and aims to provide a roadmap for developing a rigorous prevention protocol. We systematically track root cause analyses and policy changes to determine which prevention strategies are most effective.
Three is a Crowd: Using Reciprocity to Explain Involvement in Ongoing Disputes

I investigate the determinants of interstate political alignment, examining why states take part in ongoing conflicts and which side they take in them. The puzzle I seek to address is why some states are much more likely to gain support than others, and whether the likelihood of such support varies on the basis of the issue under dispute and the characteristics of the state itself. I emphasize the interests of rulers, particularly their need to obtain support on issues of high salience to them. The desire for future reciprocity lies at the heart of these alignment decisions. First, leaders consistently reciprocate positive and negative alignments. Second, rulers avoid positively aligning with leaders of unstable or politically unrepresentative states, as the latter are less likely to be in a position to return the favor. In order to test this alignment explanation, I compile a dataset of interventions into existing wars, MIDs, and sanctions regimes, covering the 1816–1999 time period. The results show that not all types of states are likely to enter an ongoing conflict. When those states do join a dispute, they do so on the side of those who helped them in the past.
Performing Power in Nigeria: Identity, Politics, and Pentecostalism

For decades, Pentecostalism has been one of the most powerful socio-cultural and socio-political movements in Africa. The Pentecostal modes of constructing the world by using their performative agencies to embed their rites in social processes have imbued them with immense cultural power to contour the character of their societies. Performing Power in Nigeria explores how Nigerian Pentecostals mark their self-distinction as a people of power within a social milieu that affirmed and contested their desires for being. Their faith, and the various performances that inform it, imbue the social matrix with saliences that also facilitate their identity of power. Using extensive archival material, interviews and fieldwork, Abimbola A. Adelakun questions the histories, desires, knowledge, tools, and innate divergences of this form of identity, and its interactions with the other ideological elements that make up the society. Analysing the important developments in contemporary Nigerian Pentecostalism, she demonstrates how the social environment is being transformed by the Pentecostal performance of their identity as the people of power.
Against Teleological Essentialism

In two recent papers, Rose and Nichols present evidence in favor of the view that humans represent category essences in terms of a telos, such as honey-making, and not in terms of scientific essences, such as bee DNA. Here, I challenge their interpretation of the evidence and show that it is directly predicted by the main theory they seek to undermine. I argue that their results can be explained as instances of diagnostic reasoning about scientific essences.
Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Transportation System: A Review

Due to the tremendous population growth in the country, the use of vehicles and other transportation means has increased which has led to traffic congestion and road accidents. Hence, there is a demand for intelligent transportation systems in the country that can provide safe and reliable transportation while maintaining environmental conditions such as pollution, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. This paper focuses on providing an overview and applications of how Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can be applied to develop an Intelligent Transportation system that can address the issues of traffic congestion and road safety to prevent accidents. We will then re-view various ML approaches to detect road anomalies for avoiding obstacles, predict real-time traffic flow to achieve smart and efficient transportation, detect and prevent road accidents to ensure safety, using smart city lights to save energy, and smart infrastructure to achieve efficient transportation. Next, we review various AI approaches such as safety and emergency management system to provide safety to the public, autonomous vehicles to provide economical and reliable transportation. We then propose smart parking management and how it can be used to find parking spaces or spots conveniently, incident detection which detects the traffic incidents or accidents in real-time provides a report. Finally, we conclude with predictive models and how the algorithms utilize sensor data to develop an Intelligent Transportation System.
Abstract 18185: A Proposed Model of the Relationships Between Health Literacy, Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Knowledge in Heart Failure

Introduction: Inadequate health literacy may be a barrier in heart failure (HF) education. Prior research suggests that health literacy may influence HF knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care, but ...
WWN-8: Incremental Online Stereo with Shape-from-X Using Life-Long Big Data from Multiple Modalities

Abstract When a child lives in the real world, from infancy to adulthood, his retinae receive a flood of stereo sensory stream. His muscles produce another action stream. How does the child's brain deal with such big data from multiple sensory modalities (left- and right-eye modalities) and multiple effector modalities (location, disparity map, and shape type)? This capability incrementally learns to produce simple-to-complex sensorimotor behaviors — autonomous development. We present a model that incrementally fuses such an open-ended life-long stream and updates the “brain” online so the perceived world is 3D. Traditional methods for shape- from-X use a particular type of cue X (e.g., stereo disparity, shading, etc.) to compute depths or local shapes based on a handcrafted physical model. Such a model likely results in a brit- tle system because of the fluctuation of the availability of the cue. An embodiment of the Developmental Network (DN), called Stereo Where-What Network (WWN-8), learns to per- form simultaneous attention and recognition, while developing invariances in location, disparity, shape, and surface type, so that multiple cues can automatically fill in if a particular type of cue (e.g., texture) is missing locally from the real world. We report some experiments: 1) dynamic synapse retraction and growth as a method of developing receptive fields. 2) training for recognizing 3D objects directly in cluttered natural backgrounds. 3) integration of depth perception with location and type information. The experiments used stereo images and motor actions on the order of 105 frames. Potential applications include driver assistance for road safety, mobile robots, autonomous navigation, and autonomous vision-guided manipulators.
Towards an Enumerative Geometry of the Moduli Space of Curves

The goal of this paper is to formulate and to begin an exploration of the enumerative geometry of the set of all curves of arbitrary genus g. By this we mean setting up a Chow ring for the moduli space M g of curves of genus g and its compactification M g, defining what seem to be the most important classes in this ring and calculating the class of some geometrically important loci in M g in terns of these classes. We take as a model for this the enumerative geometry of the Grassmannians. Here the basic classes are the Chern classes of the tautological or universal bundle that lives over the Grassmannian, and the most basic cycles are the loci of linear spaces satisfying various Schubert conditions: the so-called Schubert cycles. However, since Harris and I have shown that for g large, M g is not unir.ational [H-M] it is not possible to expect that M g has a decomposition into elementary cells or that the Chow ring of M g is as simple as that of the Grassmannian. But in the other direction, J. Harer [Ha] and P. Miller [Mi] have strong results indicating that at least the low dimensional homology groups of M g behave nicely. Moreover, it appers that many geometrically natural cycles are all expressible in terms of a small number of basic classes.
Is it a pocket or a purse? tighly coupled theory and data driven learing

This paper investigates how theory and data interact when people construct explanations. Our findings suggest that theory and data sometimes interact closely to determine explanations and the features upon which those explanations are based. We propose a model that captures this close interaction.