cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Common Method Bias in Marketing: Causes, Mechanisms, and Procedural Remedies

Abstract There is a great deal of evidence that method bias influences item validities, item reliabilities, and the covariation between latent constructs. In this paper, we identify a series of factors that may cause method bias by undermining the capabilities of the respondent, making the task of responding accurately more difficult, decreasing the motivation to respond accurately, and making it easier for respondents to satisfice. In addition, we discuss the psychological mechanisms through which these factors produce their biasing effects and propose several procedural remedies that counterbalance or offset each of these specific effects. We hope that this discussion will help researchers anticipate when method bias is likely to be a problem and provide ideas about how to avoid it through the careful design of a study.
Sediment accumulation rates in the lower Columbia River

Abstract Sediment accumulation rates in the lower Columbia River have been determined by three radiometric techniques: (1) 154 Eu/ 152 Eu activity ratios as a function of depth in the sediment column; (2) location of the 239, 240 Pu activity maximum resulting from fallout input during atmospheric nuclear device testing in the period 1961–1963; and (3) the inflection in 238 Pu/ 239,240 Pu ratios signifying the arrival of debris from the aborted Transit Navigational Satellite (SNAP-9A). Using these techniques, calculated accumulation rates behind McNary Reservoir, the first slack water site downstream of the Hanford Reservation, appear far lower than previously thought. Long-term sediment storage occurs in all reservoirs sampled in the lower Columbia. These findings do not support previous claims that sediment accumulation at these sites is transitory. Moreover, virtually all of the suspended material carried by the mainstream Columbia below its confluence with the Snake River may be exported to the northeast Pacific Ocean.
Bounded action machines: Toward an abstract theory of computer structure

The axiomatically defined Bounded Action Machine is presented as an approach to an abstract theory of computer structure-organization-architecture. The basic property of a Bounded, Action Machine is that there is a finite upper bound on the number of storage locations which can be active (contents ''accessed or changed'') at any step in the machine's operation. The paper starts with a precise formulation of this property within a very general framework. The study proceeds by investigating the consequences of imposing additional axioms on this basic structure; the new axioms being chosen so as to promote simpler and more uniform structure (i.e., so as to rule out ''pathological structures''). This leads first to a characterization of ''addressable memory''. It is shown to be finite under very general conditions. The latter part, of the paper is addressed to the structure of the ''remainder'' of the memory. This culminates in a general characterization of the concept of ''tapes''. Together these results constitute a general characterization of the existing computer specie (including Turing machines). This paper includes comparison of this model with those of other authors and a discussion of possible directions of future research.
Determining the kern for a compression member of general cross-section

Abstract The region within which axial loads may be applied to a compression member without inducing tension anywhere in the cross-section, commonly called the ‘kern’, is studied. A general solution is developed for arbitrary polygons. A microcomputer program giving numerical and graphical results is presented. To determine the kern, the program requires only the vertex coordinates which are necessary to describe the polygonal cross-section. Geometries containing curved boundaries can be analyzed by replacing the curved boundary with a suitable set of line segments. Several example geometrics are presented, including standard structural shapes, a cross-section with a hole, a cross-section with disconnected areas, and a cross-section with a curved boundary.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation to improve glycaemia in overweight and obese African Americans

Aims: Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. African Americans tend to have poor vitamin D status and increased risk of diabetes, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on components of diabetes risk have not been tested in this group. This study was conducted to determine whether vitamin D supplementation improves insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glycaemia in African Americans with prediabetes or early diabetes. Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we examined the effect of 4000 IU/day vitamin D3, on glycaemia and contributing measures including insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and the disposition index over 12 weeks in 89 overweight or obese African Americans with prediabetes or early diabetes. Outcome measures were derived from oral glucose tolerance testing. Results: Mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was about 40 nmol/l in the placebo and vitamin D groups at baseline and increased to 81 nmol/l with supplementation. Insulin sensitivity decreased by 4% in the vitamin D group compared with a 12% increase in the placebo group (p = 0.034). Insulin secretion increased by 12% in the vitamin D group compared with a 2% increase in the placebo group (p = 0.024), but changes in the disposition index were similar across groups. There was no effect of supplementation on post-load glucose or other measures of glycaemia. Conclusions: Supplementation with 4000 IU/day vitamin D3 successfully corrected vitamin D insufficiency and had divergent effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity with no overall effect on disposition index or glycaemia. In this study, vitamin D supplementation for 3 months did not change the pathophysiology of prediabetes in overweight and obese African Americans.
Scheduling Survivability-Heterogeneous Sensor Networks for Critical Location Surveillance

Sensor nodes deployed outdoors for field surveillance are subject to environmental detriments. In this article, we propose a heterogeneous sensor network composed of sensor nodes with different environmental survivability to make it robust to environmental damage and keep it at a reasonable cost. We, for the first time, study the scheduling problem in such heterogeneous sensor networks for critical location surveillance applications. Our goal is to monitor all the critical points for as long as possible under different environmental conditions. We identify the underlying problem, theoretically prove its NP-complete nature, and propose a novel adaptive greedy scheduling algorithm to solve the problem. The algorithm incorporates several heuristics to schedule the activity of both regular and robust sensors to monitor all the critical points, while at the same time minimizing and balancing the network energy consumption. Simulation results show that our algorithm efficiently solves the problem and outperforms other alternatives.
Effects of peptides of the secretin-glucagon family and cyclic nucleotides on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic nerve endings.

: Previous studies have shown that certain peptides of the secretin-glucagon family stimulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion and three of its end organs, i.e., the iris, pineal gland, and submaxillary gland. To determine whether a similar regulation occurs in other sympathetic neurons, the effects of two of these peptides, secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, were examined in the right cardiac ventricle of the rat, a tissue innervated primarily by the middle and inferior cervical ganglia. Both peptides stimulated tyrosine hydroxylase activity, measured in situ, in this tissue. In addition, several second messenger systems were investigated as possible mediators of this peptidergic stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in autonomic end organs. 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and forskolin elevated tyrosine hydroxylase activity in slices of both the right ventricle and the submaxillary gland. 8-Bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate also stimulated tyrosine hydroxylase activity in both tissues, whereas nitroprusside stimulated activity only in the submaxillary slices. Furthermore, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and/or Ro 20–1724 potentiated the stimulation by secretin, as well as the stimulations by forskolin and nitroprusside. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate also stimulated tyrosine hydroxylase activity in cardiac and submaxillary slices; however, no potentiation of these effects was seen following addition of either phosphodiesterase inhibitor. These data, taken together with those of previous studies, suggest a role for a cyclic nucleotide, probably adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, in the peptidergic stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic nerve terminals.
Renal effects of BG9928, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, in rats and nonhuman primates

Stimulation of A 1 adenosine receptors in the kidney reduces glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via tubuloglomerular feedback and increases sodium reabsorption. Blocking A 1 adenosine receptors would therefore maintain GFR and cause natriuresis. These attributes would be especially beneficial in treating congestive heart failure (CHF). BG9928 is a xanthine derivative that binds with high affinity to A 1 adenosine receptors from several species including human and acts as a competitive antagonist at these receptors. This compound is being developed for the treatment of CHF. BG9928 receptor binding across a wide array of human and animal receptors was evaluated in vitro. Oral dose-response was assessed in rats, and oral and iv dose-responses were assessed in monkeys. The functional potency of BG9928 was demonstrated in vivo in rats. The binding affinity (K i ) for the human A 1 adenosine receptor is 12.2 nM. BG9928 is orally active, with a dose of 0.3 mg/kg po achieving full natriuretic response in rats and with iv doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg showing activity in nonhuman primates. The renal protective effects of BG9928 were demonstrated by coadministration with the loop diuretic furosemide. In rats, administration of BG9928 effectively attenuated the reductions in GFR that usually occur with the administration of furosemide. Blockade of A 1 receptors by BG9928 protects renal function against the adverse effects of loop diuretics and exerts additive natriuretic effects. In CHF patients, this profile may translate into significant clinical benefit by enhancing natriuresis with diminished concern of inducing renal insufficiency.
Infant Gesell scores vs. cognitive skills at age 12 years.

Summary In an earlier study, it was found that infant performance on the Gesell correlated better with performance on nonverbal than verbal cognitive skills up to the age of 5 years. Recently, the same 26 male middle-class Ss, now 12 years old, were retested with the WISC-R, WRAT, and PPVT. Performance on the Gesell was found to relate significantly to WISC-R Performance IQ and to a lesser extent to PPVT IQ, but did not relate to WISC-R Verbal IQ nor to performance on the WRAT. The results suggest that the Gesell has a better predictive validity for nonverbal than verbal cognitive skills.
CVD Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts

We present the first demonstration of the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes using gold nanoparticle catalysts with thermal chemical vapor deposition. Nanotubes were successfully grown using monodispersed gold nanoparticles prepared through a block copolymer templating technique. The nanotubes are characterized by atomic force microscopy and resonant Raman spectroscopy and are found to have a diameter range between 1.0 and 2.0 nm.
Deconvolving the controls on the deep ocean's silicon stable isotope distribution

Abstract We trace the marine biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycle using the stable isotope composition of Si dissolved in seawater (expressed as δ 30 Si ). Open ocean δ 30 Si observations indicate a surprisingly strong influence of the physical circulation on the large-scale marine Si distribution. Here, we present an ocean general circulation model simulation that deconvolves the physical and biogeochemical controls on the δ 30 Si distribution in the deep oceanic interior. By parsing dissolved Si into its preformed and regenerated components, we separate the influence of deep water formation and circulation from the effects of biogeochemical cycling related to opal dissolution at depth. We show that the systematic meridional δ 30 Si gradient observed in the deep Atlantic Ocean is primarily determined by the preformed component of Si, whose distribution in the interior is controlled solely by the circulation. We also demonstrate that the δ 30 Si value of the regenerated component of Si in the global deep ocean is dominantly set by oceanic regions where opal export fluxes to the deep ocean are large, i.e. primarily in the Southern Ocean's opal belt. The global importance of this regionally dynamic Si cycling helps explain the observed strong physical control on the oceanic δ 30 Si distribution, since most of the regenerated Si present within the deep Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans is in fact transported into these basins by deep waters flowing northward from the Southern Ocean. Our results thus provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed δ 30 Si distribution that emphasizes the dominant importance of the Southern Ocean in the marine Si cycle.
A Multipurpose Electronic Filter and Integrating Level Detector

A multipurpose electronic filter and integrating level detector suitable for electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic recording and analysis is described. It uses solid-state components and is easily constructed. An application of the device in the detection of slow wave sleep (SWS) potentials is given.
Angiographic diagnosis of coronary sinus ostium atresia.

Abstract Atresia of the ostium of the coronary sinus is a rare cardiac anomaly that has been diagnosed exclusively at necropsy 1 .
Carbonation of Butter

This study on the carbonation of butter is a part of a larger problem under investigation, namely, that of "The deterioration of dairy products and the means of prevention." As originally planned, the study included the use of other gases, particularly O, N and H. After some preliminary experiments all the other gases except carbon dioxide were given up because of the unfavorable results. Carbon dioxide is used extensively and with success in the preparation of certain beverages (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Attempts have also been made to extend its use to the dairy products with the expectation that certain benefits would be derived therefrom. Van Slyke and Bosworth (7), published their study on the carbonation of milk in 1907. They showed that the charging of milk with the gas and keeping it under pressure delayed the souring of the milk. One of the authors, M. J. Prucha, who was then connected with the same institution, became interested in the subject after examining bacteriologically several samples of the carbonated milk. Since that time, the use of carbon dioxide for dairy products and other foods has been patented (8, 9). The dairy industry suffers heavy losses from the spoiling and the deterioration of the dairy products. Hence, any scheme, the aim of which is to improve these products and to prevent their spoilage, should receive careful consideration. A study on this subject was organized and has been carried on for more than three years. One report of this work, dealing with the carbonation of ice cream, has already been published (10). This paper presents the results from the experiments on the carbonation of butter. Three different series of experiments were carried out. In the first series the carbon dioxide was applied to the sweet cream which was intended for butter. In the second series of expert-
RNA-Seq analyses to reveal the human transcriptome landscape

Alternative splicing plays important roles in many biological processes including diseases. It markedly increases the diversity of transcriptome and proteome since over 90% of human genes are alternatively spliced. Recently, the high-throughput RNA-Seq technology makes it possible to better characterize and understand transcriptomes. Differential expression and differential splicing are two fundamental yet crucial analyses to study differences between transcriptomes. The results from analyses may reveal the landscape of human transcriptomes and yield new insight into cell differentiation that may lead to human disease. We present the analysis results from two RNA-Seq data sets to study the transcriptomes of a human disease and a type of human cell differentiation. For the first study, we applied our analysis pipeline to a RNA-Seq data set of human Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) disease. We present a joint analysis result of differential expression and differential splicing to view genes from both aspects simultaneously. We also provide several non-differentially spliced genes with splicing variants validated by qRT-PCR experiments. For the second study, we developed a novel computational method, and applied it on a public RNA-Seq data set of human H1 and H1 differentiation into neural progenitor cell lines. We systematically detected many significant differential splicing events falling into five well-known types of alternative splicing. We present the proportion of the five types of detected differential splicing events in this study. For each type of splicing event, we show a case study to demonstrate the detection procedure of the differential splicing event.
Cover Picture: Bilayer Organic–Inorganic Gate Dielectrics for High‐Performance, Low‐Voltage, Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors, Complementary Logic Gates, and p–n Diodes on Plastic Substrates (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2006)

Low-voltage, hysteresis-free, flexible thin-film-type electronic systems based on networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes and bilayer organic–inorganic nanodielectrics are detailed in work by Rogers and co-workers reported on p. 2355. The cover image shows a schematic array of such thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a plastic substrate. The structure of the bilayer nanodielectric, which consists of a film of HfO2 formed by atomic layer deposition and an ultrathin layer of epoxy formed by spin-casting, is also illustrated schematically. High-capacitance bilayer dielectrics based on atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 and spin-cast epoxy are used with networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to enable low-voltage, hysteresis-free, and high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) on silicon and flexible plastic substrates. These HfO2–epoxy dielectrics exhibit excellent properties including mechanical flexibility, large capacitance (up to ca. 330 nF cm–2), and low leakage current (ca. 10–8 A cm–2); their low-temperature (ca. 150 °C) deposition makes them compatible with a range of plastic substrates. Analysis and measurements of these dielectrics as gate insulators in SWNT TFTs illustrate several attractive characteristics for this application. Their compatibility with polymers used for charge-transfer doping of SWNTs is also demonstrated through the fabrication of n-channel SWNT TFTs, low-voltage p–n diodes, and complementary logic gates.
Remainders in compactifications and generalized metrizability properties

Abstract When does a Tychonoff space X have a Hausdorff compactification with the remainder belonging to a given class of spaces? A classical theorem of Henriksen and Isbell and certain theorems, involving a new completeness type property introduced below, are applied to obtain new results on remainders of topological spaces and groups. In particular, some strong necessary conditions for a topological group to have a metrizable remainder, or a paracompact p-remainder, are established (the group itself turns out to be a paracompact p-space (Theorem 4.8)). It follows that if a non-locally compact topological group G is metrizable at infinity, then G is a Lindelof p-space, and the Souslin number of G is countable (Corollary 4.10). This solves Problem 10.28 from [M. Husek, J. van Mill (Eds.), Recent Progress in General Topology, vol. 2, North-Holland, 2002, pp. 1–57].
Orally bioavailable potent soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

A series of N,N‘-disubstituted ureas having a conformationally restricted cis- or trans-1,4-cyclohexane α to the urea were prepared and tested as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors. This series of compounds showed low nanomolar to picomolar activities against recombinant human sEH. Both isomers showed similar potencies, but the trans isomers were more metabolically stable in human hepatic microsomes. Furthermore, these new potent inhibitors show a greater metabolic stability in vivo than previously described sEH inhibitors. We demonstrated that trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid 13g (t-AUCB, IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.05 nM) had excellent oral bioavailability (98%, n = 2) and blood area under the curve in dogs and was effective in vivo to treat hypotension in lipopolysaccharide challenged murine models.
Museum Studies: An Anthology of Contexts

Museum Studies: An Anthology of Contexts. BETTINA MESSIASCARBONELL, Editor. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. 2004. Pp. xxxiii, 640.
Stereo processing of Magellan SAR imagery performed on a transputer architecture

The stereo processing of Magellan SAR imagery into digital elevation maps is presented. The algorithms used and their implementation on a parallel transputer architecture is explained. Results are given along with the effects of using mosaicked imagery and of errors in the spacecraft ephemeris. Ways of improving the knowledge of the spacecraft ephemeris are described. >
Genetics and the placebo effect: the placebome.

Placebos are indispensable controls in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and placebo responses significantly contribute to routine clinical outcomes. Recent neurophysiological studies reveal neurotransmitter pathways that mediate placebo effects. Evidence that genetic variations in these pathways can modify placebo effects raises the possibility of using genetic screening to identify placebo responders and thereby increase RCT efficacy and improve therapeutic care. Furthermore, the possibility of interaction between placebo and drug molecular pathways warrants consideration in RCT design. The study of genomic effects on placebo response, ‘the placebome’, is in its infancy. Here, we review evidence from placebo studies and RCTs to identify putative genes in the placebome, examine evidence for placebo‐ drug interactions, and discuss implications for RCTs and clinical care.
Fostering historical knowledge and thinking skills using hypermedia learning environments: The role of self-regulated learning

In this study, we examined how high-school students utilized a hypermedia learning environment (HLE) to acquire declarative knowledge of a historical topic, as well as historical thinking skills. In particular, we were interested in whether self-regulated learning (SRL; Winne & Hadwin, 1998; Zimmerman, 2000) processing was related to the acquisition of declarative knowledge and historical thinking. We found that, using the HLE, participants did learn from pretest to posttest, and that they most often engaged in strategy use SRL processes. However, the frequency of participant use of planning SRL processes, not strategy use, was predictive of learning. This study has implications for how educators use HLEs to foster historical thinking skills, and suggests that scaffolding planning skills may facilitate students' use of computers as cognitive and metacognitive tools for learning (Azevedo, 2005; Lajoie, 2000).
Leaders’ Use of Moral Justifications Increases Policy Support

Leaders must choose how to justify their organization’s actions to stakeholders. We differentiate moral frames, or justifications based on moral values, from pragmatic frames, or justifications based on practical costs and benefits. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we found that moral policy frames elicited more support than pragmatic frames across a variety of scenarios. This effect was mediated by the perception that leaders who offer moral justifications possess relatively greater moral character. In Experiment 2, we found that perceptions of a leader’s private motives had a stronger influence on policy support than did the leader’s public stance. Experiment 3 demonstrated that, irrespective of how a policy was framed, people were most supportive of a policy championed by a leader high in moral character. In Experiment 4, we documented an additional benefit of moral policy frames: They allow leaders to mitigate the moral outrage generated by reneging on a policy.
Comparison of measurement-based admission control algorithms for controlled-load service

We compare the performance of four admission control algorithms-one parameter-based and three measurement-based-for controlled-load service. The parameter-based admission control ensures that the sum of reserved resources is bounded by the capacity. The three measurement-based algorithms are based on measured bandwidth, acceptance region and equivalent bandwidth. We use simulation on several network scenarios to evaluate the link utilization and adherence to service commitment achieved by these four algorithms.
Demographics, bystander CPR, and AED use in out-of-hospital pediatric arrests.

Background In 2005 the American Heart Association released guidelines calling for routine use of automated external defibrillators during pediatric out-of-hospital arrest. The goal of this study was to determine if these guidelines are used during resuscitations.
Structural myocardial involvement in adult patients with type 1 myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the commonest muscular dystrophy in adults, affecting multiple organs in addition to skeletal muscles. Cardiac conduction system abnormalities are well recognized as an important component of DM1 phenotype; however, primary structural myocardial abnormalities, which may predispose these patients to congestive heart failure, are not as well characterized. We reviewed the retrospective analysis of the clinical and echocardiographic findings in adult patients with DM1. Among 27 patients (16 male; age 19–61 years) with DM1, the echocardiogram (ECHAO) was abnormal in 10 (37%) including one of 6 patients (16%) with congenital myotonic dystrophy. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤50%) was noted in 5, diastolic dysfunction in 4, left atrial dilatation in 3, left ventricular hypertrophy in 2, apical hypokinesia in 1 and mitral valve prolapse in 3 patients. One patient had paradoxical septal movement in the setting of left bundle branch block. Echocardiographic abnormalities significantly correlated with older age; however, patients with systolic dysfunction on echocardiogram ranged in age from 27 to 52 years including 2 patients aged 27 and 34 years. We can conclude that echocardiographic abnormalities are frequent in adult patients with DM1. The incidence is similar in the classical and congenital type of DM1. Overall, echocardiographic abnormalities in DM1 correlate with increasing age; however, reduced LVEF is observed even at young age. Cardiac assessment and monitoring in adult patients with DM1 should include evaluation for primary myocardial involvement.
Chromosomal and allelic variation in Drosophila americana: selective maintenance of a chromosomal cline.

Geographically structured genetic variation, as represented by clines and hybrid zones, offers unique opportunities to study adaptation and speciation in natural populations. A hybrid zone has been reported between Drosophila americana americana and Drosophila americana texana, two taxa that are distinguished solely by the arrangement of their X and 4th chromosomes. In this study, samples of D. americana were collected along a latitudinal transect across the inferred hybrid zone, and the frequency of the alternative chromosomal arrangements is reported. These data illustrate that the alternative chromosomal arrangements are distributed along a shallow cline over a broad geographic region, and that the frequency of the arrangements is tightly correlated with latitude. Allelic variants at 13 RFLP loci in three genes on chromosome 4 exhibit no evidence of association with the cline. Presence of a cline for the chromosomal arrangements, as well as a general absence of geographic structure for variation at the...
Overall body fat and regional fat distribution in young women: quantification with MR imaging.

Overall body fat and its distribution in different regions are important predispositions to known aberrations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The accuracy of MR imaging in estimating overall body fatness and regional fat distribution at individual landmarks was determined by comparing it with well-accepted measures by deuterium-oxide (D2O) dilution and bioimpedance analysis. Fourteen normal young women (athletes and control subjects) were studied. A total of 308 axial, T1-weighted, spin-echo MR images over a specific region in the trunk (21-24 scans per subject) were obtained. Morphometric computer image analysis was performed to determine the subcutaneous, internal, and total fat volumes in each image. The data were analyzed in two ways: data from all slices were summed to assess overall body fatness, and six anatomic landmarks were chosen for regional comparisons. MR-determined estimates of overall body fatness strongly correlated with total body fat measures by D2O dilution in both total fat (r = .91) and subcutaneous fat (r = .92) determinations. Athletes in both the low- and high-intensity training phases had significantly lower values of MR-determined total body fatness than did control subjects. Parallel to total body fatness, athletes had significantly lower MR-determined ratios of total fat/total volume in four of six individual landmarks compared with control subjects. Our experience suggests that MR is an accurate method to quantify overall body fatness, when compared with D2O dilution and bioimpedance analysis. MR could also discriminate regional components of subcutaneous and internal body fat at individual landmarks.
The critical role of a solvent-exposed residue of an MHC class I-restricted peptide in MHC-peptide binding

The immunodominant ovalbumin257‐264 (OVA-8, SIINFEKL) and herpes simplex virus gB496‐503 (HSV-8, SSIEFARL) peptides share 50% amino acid identity (residues P1, P3, P5 and P8) and bind with comparable efficacy to the murine MHC-encoded class I molecule H-2K b . However, these two peptides bind differently to H-2K bm8 , a natural H-2K b variant with a substitution in four amino acids on the floor of the peptide-binding site; HSV-8 binds with high and OVA-8 with a relatively low efficacy. To investigate which of the non-homologous peptide residues were responsible for this differential binding, we used substituted peptide variants and the class I thermodynamic stabilization assay. Variation at the solvent-exposed peptide residues P6 and P7 did not appreciably influence binding. By contrast, variation at the buried P2 and, surprisingly, at the solvent-exposed P4 residue was found to be important. Transplantation of the HSV-8 P2 or P4 residues onto the OVA-8 backbone created variant peptides O2S (P2I → S) and O4E (P4N → E) that bound considerably better to H-2K bm8 than OVA-8. Furthermore, the double-substituted peptide, O2S4E, bound even better, revealing a cooperative effect of the two residues. The reciprocally substituted peptides H2I and H4N, generated by grafting the OVA-8 P2 and P4 residues onto the HSV-8 backbone respectively, bound to H-2K bm8 slightly worse than HSV-8 but the doublesubstituted peptide H2I4N bound as poorly as OVA-8. Effects exerted by the P4 residue, which is solvent accessible and therefore available for the TCR contact, demonstrated that exposed peptide residues can, in certain situations, influence not only the TCR contact but also MHC‐peptide binding.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Objective To explore the role and outcomes using hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a treatment option with aggressive, follicular, mantle, T-cell, and HIV related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Data Sources Research and review articles and textbooks. Conclusion High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed by HCT has been used to overcome resistance to standard-dose therapy and has been explored over the past 40 years and has shown long-term survival of approximately 10% to 50% in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Implications for Nursing Practice Nursing plays a significant role in the assessment and management of patients throughout the course of HCT.
Social Entrepreneurship as Algorithm: Is Social Enterprise Sustainable?

Social enterprise is charity's web 2.0 - a would-be revolution as open to interpretation as a Rorschach blot. For social enterprise to be more than the latest passing fad in doing good, we need a rigorous re-assessment of the link between system dynamics and social institutions. To that end this article has three distinct yet related aims. First, I want to offer a new definition of social enterprise, one that reflects its essential nature as a simple rule with complex results. Besides re-defining social enterprise, my next goal is to provide an explanation for organizational altruism that goes beyond latching onto the latest popular trends. My alternative approach is to ground such concepts as civil society and corporate charity within corporate identity itself - in particular, the historic function of organizational form as a means of modeling emergent patterns. This article's final aim is to explain how social enterprise can have its greatest sustainable impact - by making itself obsolete.
Vascular remodeling: do we really need yet another study?

More than 15 years have passed since Seymour Glagov published his seminal article describing the phenomenon of vascular remodeling which now bears his name [(1)][1]. By meticulously examining finely sectioned left main coronary arteries from necropsy specimens, he observed a change in the arterial
Informing the Government About Its Archives

HAVE a somewhat prosaic subject under an inflammatory program title. 'The Archivist as Adman11 and "public relations" may attract the eye, but "informing the government about its archives11 dulls the senses. We all know that archives are of paramount importance, but few of us plan to "inform11 our State governments about them. We may justify a budget, make a pitch for a new position or present a program or building plan, but we don't want to inform government. We avoid informing because we know government doesn't want and can't use information about the archives. The government will take credit, accept responsibility, or provide a service, but it doesn't need more information. Those who have chosen this session to discover how one sells a hoped-for budget to busy administrators and remote legislators will find no magic formula in my remarks. In fact, my personal qualifications are primarily in the area of records management. I had some experience in "evaluating the effectiveness of records management programs,11 and for a few years I informed a State government about its records program. I am not now, and never have been, responsible for informing any government, State or Federal, about its archives. I have, however, observed some archival operations and have come to a few conclusions about them. I shall discuss these conclusions with some temerity.
Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones

Abstract This study demonstrates the significant effect of the recoil pressure and Marangoni convection in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of 316L stainless steel. A three-dimensional high fidelity powder-scale model reveals how the strong dynamical melt flow generates pore defects, material spattering (sparking), and denudation zones. The melt track is divided into three sections: a topological depression, a transition and a tail region, each being the location of specific physical effects. The inclusion of laser ray-tracing energy deposition in the powder-scale model improves over traditional volumetric energy deposition. It enables partial particle melting, which impacts pore defects in the denudation zone. Different pore formation mechanisms are observed at the edge of a scan track, at the melt pool bottom (during collapse of the pool depression), and at the end of the melt track (during laser power ramp down). Remedies to these undesirable pores are discussed. The results are validated against the experiments and the sensitivity to laser absorptivity is discussed.
Hurricane Barrier Environmental Planning in Texas

Major environmental factors involved in planning coastal flood barrier systems along the Texas coast are presented in this paper. The intent is to illuminate important environmental aspects to be considered in the planning of a protective system. This paper is not a treatise on the complexities of design and construction of such a system. For this paper “environmental aspects” are categorized: (1) ecological—man’s habitat; (2) cultural—man’s heritage; and (3)) esthetic—man’s sensory perception of the environment.
Metal-metal bonding in low-coordinate dicobalt complexes supported by phosphinoamide ligands.

Homobimetallic dicobalt complexes featuring metal centers in different coordination environments have been synthesized, and their multielectron redox chemistry has been investigated. Treatment of CoX2 with MesNKPiPr2 leads to self-assembly of [(THF)Co(MesNPiPr2)2(μ-X)CoX] [X = Cl (1), I (2)], with one Co center bound to two amide donors and the other bound to two phosphine donors. Upon two-electron reduction, a ligand rearrangement occurs to generate the symmetric species (PMe3)Co(MesNPiPr2)2Co(PMe3) (3), where each Co has an identical mixed P/N donor set. One-electron oxidation of 3 to generate a mixed valence species promotes a ligand reararrangement back to an asymmetric configuration in [(THF)Co(MesNPiPr2)2Co(PMe3)][PF6] (4). Complexes 1–4 have been structurally characterized, and their metal–metal interactions are discussed in the context of computational results.
Deletions of Retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) and Its Repressing Target S Phase Kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) Are Synthetic Lethal in Mouse Embryogenesis

Tumor suppressor pRb represses Skp2, a substrate-recruiting subunit of the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase. Rb1(+/-) mice incur "two-hit" pituitary tumorigenesis; Skp2(-/-);Rb1(+/-) mice do not. Rb1(-/-) embryos die on embryonic day (E) 14.5-15.5. Here, we report that Skp2(-/-);Rb1(-/-) embryos died on E11.5, establishing an organismal level synthetic lethal relationship between Rb1 and Skp2 On E10.5, Rb1(-/-) placentas showed similarly active proliferation and similarly inactive apoptosis as WT placenta, whereas Rb1(-/-) embryos showed ectopic proliferation without increased apoptosis in the brain. Combining Skp2(-/-) did not reduce proliferation or increase apoptosis in the placentas but induced extensive apoptosis in the brain. We conditionally deleted Rb1 in neuronal lineage with Nes-Cre and reproduced the brain apoptosis in E13.5 Nes-Cre;Rb1(lox/lox);Skp2(-/-) embryos, demonstrating their synthetic lethal relationship at a cell autonomous level. Nes-Cre-mediated Rb1 deletion increased expression of proliferative E2F target genes in the brains of Skp2(+/+) embryos; the increases rose higher with activation of expression of apoptotic E2F target genes in Skp2(-/-) embryos. The brain apoptosis was independent of p53 but coincident with proliferation. The highly activated expression of proliferative and apoptotic E2F target genes subsided with gradually reduced roles of Skp2 in preventing p27 protein accumulation in the brain in late gestation, allowing the embryos to reach full term with normally sized brains. These findings establish that Rb1 and Skp2 deletions are synthetic lethal and suggest how this lethal relationship might be circumvented, which could help design better therapies for pRb-deficient cancer.
SIGCHI Social Impact Award Talk: Having a Social Impact by Getting Outside of Your Comfort Zone

As researchers, practitioners, and educators in human-computer interaction, it is important to strive for societal impact. Although it can be very enjoyable to work only within our own disciplinary communities, where we have a shared understanding and a shared history, focusing only within our own community limits the societal impact. Therefore, it is important to collaborate not only with people in other research and practitioner disciplines, but also educators, policymakers and other government officials, advocacy groups, and the broader research and development community. As we in the HCI community increase the use of Mechanical Turk, sensors, tweets, and other big data approaches for data collection, it moves us further away from interacting with the users and user communities that our design and development work impacts. We need to recommit to interacting with users, user communities, and the broader communities for whom HCI work can improve the quality of life. Our own traditions of user-centered design can lead us down this path of engagement and societal impact. In this presentation, Dr. Lazar will not only present about his research and teaching related to improving the user interaction experience for people with disabilities, but will also discuss various forms of collaboration and outreach that can improve the societal impact of our HCI work. This presentation will discuss engaging with the broader community on HCI-related topics, including 1) other disciplines, 2) advocacy groups, 3) public policy and legal communities, 4) tech transfer and corporate R and D communities, 5) educational communities (starting as early as pre-school), and 6) the towns and cities that we live in. Dr. Lazar will provide examples of his own experiences in these types of engagement, including long-term collaborations with the National Federation of the Blind, the National Down Syndrome Congress, the Maryland Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, and the Baltimore County Public Library, as well as continuous engagement with the higher education, library, legal, and public policy communities. Guidelines for performing these types of engagement will be presented.
Experimental study on the treatment of sewage with copper content with nitrogen-blowing electro-deposition

The present paper is concerned about an improved sewage-treating method for copper content removing through nitrogen-blowing electro-deposition,which has become a recent tendency of heavy metal containing sewage treatment. As is known,in China,large amounts of copper containing sewage has to be discharged annually from the copper and other related industrial plants,such as those in producing smelting,electroplating and circuit boards. Therefore,this paper would like to make an exploration of the efficiency and the influential factors of the electrodeposition method on treating and retrieving copper from the said sewage. For our research purpose,we have adopted the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method under constant voltage to determine the copper ion concentration. It is also this purpose,we have done the electro-deposition experiments with the nitrogen blowing beyond the normal experimental conditions to find the effects of the electrode materials,cell voltages,the plate distance and the p H value on the electro-deposition process with and / or without blowing nitrogen. A comparison of the experiment results has made us clear that the optimal conditions under the blowing nitrogen should be graphite-aluminum electrode used with the cell voltage of 7 V,the plate distance being 15 mm and the value of p H of 3. 5. Under the optimal conditions,it is possible for the removal rate of copper to reach beyond 93% and the average current efficiency high up to 50%. Moreover,it would be possible to increase the current efficiency by 20% and the copper recovery rate by 12% with nitrogen stripping. Therefore,nitrogen-stripping is in a position to improve the efficiency of the experiment remarkably for the gas oxygen to be generated near the anode from the electrolysis of water in the process of electro-deposition,and the metallic copper to be reacted and deposited on the cathode,which can also induces the deposited copper dissolution repeatedly. What is more,nitrogen stripping can also promote the stirring electrolyte solution,which indicates that the electro-deposition method can not only be applied to the copper sewage treatment,but can instigate the recovery of heavy metals from the sewage without harmful secondary pollution as well.
Examining the Complex Trauma Definition Using Children’s Self-Reports

The purpose of the present study was to examine the evidence for the complex trauma definition in children, utilizing children’s self-reported trauma-related symptoms. Two hundred and twelve children (ages 8–16) exposed to a traumatic event were included in the study. The symptom reports of children who experienced complex trauma were contrasted with children who experienced a trauma that did not meet the full complex trauma definition: 1) acute noninterpersonal trauma, 2) acute interpersonal trauma, 3) trauma that began early in life (i.e., prior to age 10), and 4) chronic interpersonal trauma that began later in childhood.. Significant differences in children’s self-reported symptoms were observed when children who experienced complex trauma were compared to those who experienced a traumatic event that met none of the characteristics of complex trauma exposure. Explanations for the findings are discussed.
The school‐community partnership: Helping at‐risk youth

Abstract Innovative service delivery models are needed in our schools to help at‐risk youth and to ameliorate family dysfunction so that children have an increased potential to learn. In the model described herein, a consortium of three Long Island school districts contracts with community‐based social service agencies to provide prevention and intervention services which the schools cannot provide. The mechanisms developed to form and implement these partnerships as well as the specific services offered are described. The role ofthe social worker as a program advocate within the school's administrative structures is discussed and techniques that help bridge the gap between client‐focused concerns and administrative and school board imperatives are presented.
Photoelectrochemical Cells Utilizing Tunable Corroles.

Organic dyes with their wide range of molecular structures and spectroscopic features show great promise for solar energy applications. Corroles, structural analogues to porphyrins, are highly fluorescent molecules with tunable properties. We have synthesized a series of structurally similar corroles chelating gallium and phosphorus, along with a β-chlorinated phosphorus corrole, and determined their photophysical and electrochemical properties. The electrochemical potentials to oxidize the corroles range from 0.78 V vs NHE for the gallium corrole to 1.42 V for the β-octachlorinated phosphorus corrole. We are interested in developing photosensitizers for water oxidation on a metal oxide-based photoanode, so the corroles were modified to contain a meso-phenyl-COOH substituent for binding to metal oxide surfaces. The ability of these corrole dyes to act as photosensitizers was assessed by comparing the corroles in a model dye sensitized solar cell design. Transient absorption spectroscopy was utilized to an...
Computers in anatomic pathology.

A functional approach to the computerization of the anatomic pathology section serves as a useful guide to the selection of an appropriate computer system. The unique needs and problems of the department should determine the extent of computerization.