cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Leads to Modernisation

More and more countries wish to become modernised. Some have less and want more; others have more and are willing to help. Under these conditions, putting ‘western’ aid to work for development should be easy. But, evidently, it has not been. A nation — like an individual — that both recognises the need for help and strives to maintain an identity, finds it difficult to accept foreign aid without reservation. The questions, ‘Who am I?’ and ‘Where am I going?’, concerning national identity and national goals, are still serious issues in development.
Structure development of polyethylene terephthalate fibers during postspinning annealing

Abstract The fast structure development process in the early stage of crystallization in commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers during carefully controlled postspinning annealing treatments has been followed. In addition to conventional structure characterization techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been employed to probe the sequence of structural events. In the earliest stage of structural development, direct observation showed an embryonic microfibrillar structure, the microfibril diameter being ca. 5 nm. Upon modest heat treatment, the microfibrils become axially punctuated with crystallites. As further crystallization occurs, the crystallites become more perfect and lateral alignment of crystallites takes place, particularly in extensively crystallized materials, that is, higher temperature and/or longer time of heat treatment. The lateral alignment results finally in a lamellar microstructure.
Use of Wetting Angle Measurements in Reliability Evaluations of Au-Si Eutectic Die Attach

In order to assure reliable, high yield die attach on large VLSI devices, process control must be optimized. This paper presents a contact angle technique for measuring the wettability of backside surfaces for Au-Si eutectic die attach. Wettability measurements were carried out as a function of backside gold metallization thickness and aging treatment. Contact angle degradation is correlated to a decrease in die attach adherence strength and an increased susceptibility to die cracking in thermal cycling. A precision SEM/EDX Au thickness measurement method was developed as part of this work to assure the accuracy of the conclusions. For the conditions of this study, a gold thickness minimum of approximately 150 nm was found to be required for reliable die attach. In order to assure that this minimum is met routinely in the manufacturing process with a high degree or confidence, on-line measurements correlated to the SEM/EDX method are used in conjunction with a specially designed, statistically based. acceptance control chart.
Stimulation of serum cortisol and prolactin secretion in humans by MK-212, a centrally active serotonin agonist.

Abstract The effects of MK-212 ¦6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine¦ (10, 20, and 40 mg. orally). a centrally acting serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist and placebo, on serum cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone levels were studied in eight healthy men over 3-hr. MK-212 produced a dose-related increase in serum cortisol levels, with the 20- and 40-mg doses producing significant elevations. Serum prolactin levels were significantly elevated only by the 40-mg dose. Serum GH levels were not significantly modified by any dose of MK-212. The cortisol and prolactin responses to the 40-mg dose of MK-212 were positively correlated (rho = + 0.85, p ). MK-212 was generally well tolerated by the subjects. Headache and nausea were observed at the higher doses, but did not appear to be related to the increase in serum cortisol and prolactin levels. MK-212 may stimulate the secretion of cortisol and prolactin in humans via a serotonin (5-HT 2 ) receptor mechanism and may be a valuable tool with which to study 5-HT receptor sensitivity in humans .
Herpes simplex virus epidemiology and ocular importance.

Purpose.To review the changing epidemiology of herpes simplex disease and correlate it with the epidemiology of ocular herpes simplex disease.Method.A review of pertinent reports in the world literature about the epidemiology of herpes simplex and specifically about ocular herpes simplex.Results.In
Electromagnetic simulation of linear proton acceletrator structures using dielectric wall acceletrators

Proton accelerator structures for medical applications using Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology allow for the utilization of high electric field gradients on the order of 100 MV/m to accelerate the proton bunch. Medical applications involving cancer therapy treatment usually desire short bunch lengths on the order of hundreds of picoseconds in order to limit the extent of the energy deposited in the tumor site (in 3D space, time, and deposited proton charge). Electromagnetic simulations of the DWA structure, in combination with injections of proton bunches have been performed using 3D finite difference codes in combination with particle pushing codes. Electromagnetic simulations of DWA structures includes these effects and also include the details of the switch configuration and how that switch time affects the electric field pulse which accelerates the particle beam.
Thermal Evaporation Loss Measurements on Quasicrystal (Ti–Zr–Ni) and Glass Forming (Vit 106 and Vit 106a) Liquids

Thermal evaporation loss measurements made using the electrostatic levitation (ESL) technique for one binary Ti–Zr, two ternary Ti–Zr–Ni, and two glass-forming (Vit 106 and Vit 106a) alloy liquids are reported. The containerless environment enables measurements not only for the equilibrium liquids but also for the metastable supercooled liquids. The data follow the Langmuir equation when the activity coefficient of the solute atoms, a measure for the deviation from the ideal solution behavior, is taken into account. An estimate for the activity coefficient of Ni in the Ti–Zr liquid is made from these data, demonstrating the effectiveness of ESL for such measurements.
WikiPathways: Community Curation of Biological Pathways

Assembling biological pathways from information in scientific literature and biological databases is a challenging task. Building a pathway requires domain knowledge from specialists in various biological research areas. Furthermore, research is generating new biological knowledge continuously, making pathway curation an ongoing and dynamic process. To facilitate this process we developed "WikiPathways":http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/WikiPathways ^1^, a wiki where users can curate pathways, using an easy to use pathway drawing tool. WikiPathways currently has over 1200 registered users and contains more than 1300 pathways for various organisms, spanning human, mouse, zebrafish, fruit fly, worm, yeast, plants and bacteria. WikiPathways is entering a phase of rapid growth, incorporating new pathway resources and engaging diverse communities with unique pathway needs.In this presentation we will provide an overview of the background, current state, and future of WikiPathways. We will highlight several approaches we take to improve community-based curation with WikiPathways. And we will provide context for this project within the larger shifts toward data sharing, data curation and new models for publication.
The Snowball Survey and Peer Education Posters: Methods of Teaching Social Norms

Adolescent substance use is a major health issue in the United States. Adolescent substance use is associated with motor vehicle crashes,1 risky sexual behaviors,2 and the development of substance disorders during adulthood.3 National studies indicate that the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) among adolescents attending high school has declined considerably since the early 1990s.4 However, within the past few years, reductions in ATOD use have slowed to moderate or insignificant levels,4 an issue requiring the focus of health professionals.
Increased Candida Demonstrated in Subgingival Plaques of Aids Patients by Microwave-Accelerated Silver Staining

Acute periodontal lesions generally respond to conventional therapy. In AIDS patients, however, further deterioration is the usual consequence. Candida albicans(CA) lesions of the oral mucosa have been observed in 88% of AIDS patients; 59% of male homosexual and IV drug abuser oral candidiasis patients subsequently developed AIDS. Indeed HIV may be hard to find in AIDS patients in whom CA lesions are very prominent. Rapid reproducible silver stains have been developed in our laboratories to detect Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. They demonstrate these microorganisms by the microwave-accelerated metallization of the aldehydes produced in their surface carbohydrates or lipopolysaccharides after periodic acid oxidation (Giammara and Hanker, US Patent No. 4,690,901, 1987; Sigma Diagnostics Kit No. HT-100). We thought that these stains might be useful to demonstrate by microscopy the large numbers of CA which culture studies had suggested were present in subgingival plaque at atypical periodontal disease sites of AIDS patients. Direct staining of plaque smears and their evaluation under the light microscope could be done in much less time than that required for culture. Any equivocal microorganisms could be positively identified as CA by immediate examination of the slide or coverslip by scanning electron microscopy. Although our PATS reaction was more valuable for identifying Gram-negative bacteria especially spirochetes and for studying substructure of CA and their epiphytic interactions with bacteria, the SIGMA DIAGNOSTICS Silver Stain HT-100 was much easier to use for rating CA concentration in disease sites. This test was applied to subgingival plaque smears from 28 periodontal disease sites of 22 HIV-seronegative patients and 45 sites of 12 HIV-seropositive patients. After staining, the smears were examined and scored (Davenport Index). None of the 12 HIVseropositive patients but 15 of the 22 HIV-seronegative patients had a score of zero at all sites. The score ranged from 0 (no CA) to 3 (large numbers of CA in all fields). In the seropositive patients the median score was 2 while in the seronegative group it was 0. The much higher scores obtained in specimens from periodontal disease sites of the AIDS patients suggest that this simple rapid test might be valuable for screening individuals and indicating those requiring further testing or monitoring for AIDS.
Image analysis for beef quality prediction from serial scan ultrasound images

The prediction of intramuscular fat (or marbling) of live beef animals using serially scanned ultrasound images was studied in this paper. Image analysis, both in gray scale intensity domain and in frequency spectrum domain, were used to extract image features of tissue characters to get useful parameters for prediction models. One, 2 and 3 order multi-variable prediction models were developed from randomly selected data sets and tested using the remained data sets. The comparisons of prediction results between using serially scanned images and only final scanned ones showed good improvement of prediction accuracy. The correlation of predicted percent fat and actual percent fat increase from .68 to .80 and from .72 to .76 separately for two groups of data, the R squares increase from .65 to .68 and from .68 to .72, and the root of mean square errors decrease from 1.70 to 1.52 and from 1.22 to 1.12 separately. This study indicates that serially obtained ultrasound images from live beef animals have good potential for improving the prediction accuracy of percent fat.
LRFD6ahas a dose-related stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the ovary in normal luteal phase women

A dose response curve for LRFD6a-a potent LRF agonist-was established in normal midluteal phase women. At low doses (3-10μg) an acute stimulatory effect on gonadotropins and ovarian steroidogenesis of estradiol and progesterone was observed. Despite large increases in circulating gonadotropins following the highest dose (30/?g LRFD6a), no acute changes in plasma steroids were noted. A sharp drop in progesterone was present after 3 days, with significant shortening of the cycle in 3 of 4 subjects in the group. While the stimulatory effect may be due to gonadotropin release and local action, the luteolytic effect observed is suggested to be a consequence of the direct inhibitory effect of the analog on ovarian function.
Measurements of Low Energy Electrons and Ions during Long-Lived Solar Particle Events

The stream of ions and electrons which appeared in planetary space for about eight days after an April 1979 solar flare exhibited a classic energetic storm particle (ESP) event ion pattern. Distinct populations of these electrons can be identified in association with IMF filaments, and the electron energy spectrum is well fit by a power law exponent of -2.7 during most of the event. The pitch angle distributions of the low energy electrons are found to be complex and to undergo many changes, with weak pitch angle scattering and adiabatic effects playing a role in the shaping of these distributions.
Alkynyl β-sheet peptidomimetics retain their anti-parallel sheet conformation when coordinated to tungsten

Abstract Peptide derivatives (8 and 9) of 2-amino-2′-carboxydiphenylacetylene (1) were prepared using the Sonogashira reaction and standard peptide chemistry. As reported earlier by Kemp and Li (Ref. [1]), 8 and 9 adopt anti-parallel β-sheet conformations in solution. Reaction of 8 and 9 with W(CO)3(dmtc)2 produced the tungsten mono-alkyne complexes 10 and 11 as a mixture of two inseparable diastereomers (10a and 10b, and 11a and 11b) resulting from two different spatial arrangements of the dmtc ligands. The respective mixtures of the two diastereomers were characterized by ES-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solution conformations of the diastereomers were probed using NOESY and DMSO titration experiments. The data from these experiments show that the peptide portions of 10 and 11 maintain their anti-parallel β-sheet conformations following coordination to tungsten.
Rethink, restructure, redesign: new approaches to workshop content

Instructional Services at the University of Kansas offers an extensive schedule of free workshops to help the members of the KU community gain confidence and skill in computing and using information technology. The Instructional Services staff teach a wide range of workshops, including: Internet and Outlook services; authoring, publishing, and managing Web sites; graphics, multimedia production, office productivity, and data analysis software; and operating systems. There are 54 different workshop on these topics.Workshops include demonstrations and hands-on sessions that run from one to four hours. Most of the hands-on sessions are 3 to 4 hours in length. Lately, we have found it challenging to get students, staff and faculty to attend even some of our more popular workshops due to the length of the courses. We also know that people need features in our introductory workshops, but they are still not attending them. They are often skipping the "Introduction" workshops because they feel they already have those skills; therefore, they go straight to the Intermediate level workshops.We found a way to "entice" them to our workshops. By offering "chunks" of software information in 55-minute segments we feel we are making these shorter workshops more attractive to people. We will show you how the process of breaking down our large curriculum into smaller "chunk" sections, changing the title of workshops to pinpoint what is to be covered, and making other modifications has increased our workshop participation overall.
PRICE DISCRIMINATION IN RELATED MARKETS

The Pigou-Robinson pricing rule for third degree monopolistic price discrimination states that price ratios vary inversely with ratios of direct price elasticities of demand. The rule holds when markets are sealed, and cross price elasticities of demand are zero. We show how the rule can fail when imperfect sealing permits leakage. We also develop a general discriminatory pricing rule that holds when leakage causes market demands to be related. The general pricing rule is based on all direct price elasticities of demand, all cross price elasticities of demand, and the size distribution of the markets
Arcs of Lowitz

A computer simulation technique is used to investigate the origins of the arcs of Lowitz. The model explored consists of light passing through a hexagonal ice plate, spinning about a major diagonal axis that remains horizontal as the crystal falls.
Sea Grant — The MIT Sea Grant Marine Industry collegium: A partnership of industry, government and academia

The Collegium has fostered interaction and technology transfer between MIT and the Marine Industry for five years, resulting in early utilization of the fruits of marine research at MIT and valuable guidance for MIT Sea Grant in addressing needs of industry.
Pharmacological characterization of the CGRP receptor in the lateral line organ of Xenopus laevis.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neurotransmitter candidate colocalized with acetylcholine in efferent fibers innervating hair cell organs. We have used the Xenopus laevis lateral line organ to investigate the responses of a hair cell organ to the CGRP family of peptides. Two isoforms of CGRP, rα-CGRP and rβ-CGRP, and a human analog of α-CGRP, h(Tyr°)a–CGRP, produced dose-dependent increases in afferent nerve fiber discharge rate with EC50 values of approximately 1 μM. Rate increases were 31.2, 18.9, and 10.3%, respectively. The peptide fragment rCGRP8–37 a selective CGRP1 receptor antagonist, competitively inhibited the response to rα-CGRP. Diacetoamidomethyl cysteine CGRP (r[Cys(ACM)2,7]α–CGRP), a CGRP2 agonist, did not change discharge rate. Rat amylin did not increase rate until very high concentrations, and then the change was less than 7%. Rat adrenomedullin produced no increase in rate. Responses to rα-CGRP developed after metamorphosis. No change in spontaneous discharge rate was observed until postmetamorphic day 6, and then it was only a fraction of the maximal response. This response progressively increased until postmetamorphic day 28, when it reached its maximal value. The most straightforward interpretation of our results is that the effect of CGRP is mediated by the CGRP1 receptor and that CGRP, of the peptides presently known to exist in the CGRP family, is the most likely endogenous peptide mediating these effects.
Mood and performance among defensive pessimists and strategic optimists

Abstract Results from two studies demonstrate that the effects of mood on performance depend on an individual’s strategy. In Study 1, naturally occurring positive mood was negatively related to performance for defensive pessimists (DPs), while negative mood was unrelated. For strategic optimists (SOs), neither positive nor negative mood was related to performance. In Study 2, positive or negative mood was induced prior to a set of performance measures. As predicted, DPs performed significantly better after the negative mood induction. SOs’ performance did not differ across mood conditions. Cognitive strategies and the mood as input model help to explain these results.
Perceived usefulness, user involvement and behavioral intention: an empirical study of ERP implementation

Many firms have implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in the past few years. The expensive nature of these systems requires that effective usage of these systems be attained in order for an organization to derive the expected benefits from the technology. This study looks at the influence that perceived usefulness, user involvement, argument for change, prior usage and ease of use have on the behavioral intention to use an ERP system. A mail survey was used to collect data in an organization that was implementing an ERP system. A total of 571 responses were obtained. The results indicate that users perception of the perceived usefulness, ease of use of the technology, and the users' level of intrinsic involvement all affect their intention to use the technology. The results seem to suggest that managerial efforts aimed at increasing the users' perceptions of the usefulness and personal relevance of the technology will contribute to implementation success, where success is defined as effectual usage of the technology. The paper ends with possible extensions to this study.
Policy effectiveness in an open multi-market economy with risk neutral exchange rate speculation

Abstract In an open multi-market equilibrium model of the business cycle the informational role of a forward exchange market is that the forward rate aggregates individual perceptions of the aggregate state of the economy. In the case of risk neutral exchange rate speculation, the forward rate perfectly reveals average expectations of current nominal shocks that hit the economy. This paper analyzes the informational implications of forward speculation when markets are structurally diverse. The two types of structural diversity considered are heterogeneous price elasticities of output demand and supply and asymmetric information between traders in output markets and traders in asset markets. In contrast to previous results, the paper shows that risk neutral speculation is not in general sufficient to generate a fully revealing rational expectations equilibrium in which monetary policy is ineffective.
Relation between wilt rate and obstruction of water flow in stems of two families of loblolly pine affected by pitch canker

Movement of water forced through stem segments of two half-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), infected by Fusarinum subglutinans, was monitored. Wilt rate of the two families was shown to be correlated with obstruction of water flow through stem segments of similar disease severity.
A study of inclusive Λ polarization from hydrogen and other targets at 28 GeV

Abstract We report measurements of inclusive Λ polarization, produced by unpolarized protons incident at several momenta (20, 24, and 28.5 GeV/ c ) onto hydrogen, deuterium, and beryllium targets. A large polarization from hydrogen, P = −0.34 ± 0.06 at p P T = 1.2 GeV/ c , establishes the fact that inclusive Λ polarization arises from p-p collisions.
On the origin of repulsive hydration forces between two mica plates

Abstract Recent experiments on forces between two mica plates, in relatively dilute electrolyte solutions, have identified, for separations below ≈40 A, a repulsive force that is larger than that predicted by the DLVO theory. It is suggested here that the origin of the additional force has to be sought in the bilayer of charge formed by the adsorption of hydrated ions on the charged mica surface. The bilayer generates a polarization in the neighboring water molecules which propagates into the liquid. The repulsive force is generated by the overlap of the polarization layers of the two plates. The boundary condition imposed by the bilayer of charge on the polarization field and an expression for the additional repulsive force are derived.
Neural correlates of second-language word learning: minimal instruction produces rapid change

Adult second-language (L2) learning is often claimed to be slow and laborious compared to native language (L1) acquisition, but little is known about the rate of L2 word learning. Here we report that adult second-language learners' brain activity, as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs), discriminated between L2 words and L2 'pseudowords' (word-like letter strings) after just 14 h of classroom instruction. This occurred even while the learners performed at chance levels when making overt L2 word-nonword judgments, indicating that the early acquisition of some aspects of a new language may be overlooked by current behavioral assessments.
A Model and Typology of Government-NGO Relationships

This article develops a model and typology of government-nongovernmental organization (NGO) relationships to enable both a rapid appraisal of government-NGO relationships in a particular context and to identify the characteristics and possible structure of alternative relationship types. Building on the literature on the subject, the model defines eight possible relationship types based on several dimensions: government's resistance or acceptance of institutional pluralism, the relative balance of power in the relationship, and the degree of formality and—by extension—the level of government linkage. The model and typology are designed to assist governments, NGOs, donors, and other development practitioners to identify and promote the most productive government-NGO relationship for a particular context.
Ecological Effects of Invasive Arthropod Generalist Predators

Arthropod generalist predators (AGP) are widespread and abundant in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They feed upon herbivores, detritivores, and predators, and also on plant material and detritus. In turn, AGP serve as prey for larger predators. Several prominent AGP have become invasive when moved by humans beyond their native range. With complex trophic roles, AGP have diverse effects on other species in their introduced ranges. The invaders displace similar native species, primarily through competition, intraguild predation, transmission of disease, and escape from predation and/or parasites. Invasive AGP often reach higher densities and/or biomass than the native predators they replace, sometimes strengthening herbivore regulation when invasive AGP feed on key herbivores, but sometimes weakening herbivore suppression when they eat key predators. The complexity and unpredictability of ecological effects of invasive AGP underscores the high risk of adverse consequences of intentional introductions of these species (e.g., for biological control or aquaculture).
Transport of a 1D viscoelastic actin–myosin strip of gel as a model of a crawling cell

Abstract Cell crawling is an important biological phenomenon because it underlies coordinated cell movement in morphogenesis, cancer and wound healing. This phenomenon is based on protrusion at the cell's leading edge, retraction at the rear, contraction and graded adhesion powered by the dynamics of actin and myosin protein networks. A few one-dimensional models successfully explain an anteroposterior organization of the motile cell, but don’t sufficiently explore the viscoelastic nature of the actin–myosin gel. We develop and numerically solve a model of a treadmilling strip of viscoelastic actin–myosin gel. The results show that the strip translocates steadily as a traveling pulse, without changing length, and that protein densities, velocities and stresses become stationary. The simulations closely match the observed forces, movements and protein distributions in the living cell.
Characterizing a nonstationary M/G/1 queue using bode plots

A frequency-domain simulation experiment (FDE) is a discrete-event simulation experiment in which selected system parameters are oscillated sinusoidally to induce oscillations in one or more system response statistics of interest. A spectral (Fourier) analysis of these induced oscillations is then performed to gain valuable information about the system. FDEs are based upon an intuitive frequency invariance assumption-if a particular system response statistic is sensitive to a system parameter, then sinusoidal variation of that system parameter at a fixed frequency will induce similar sinusoidal variations in the system response statistics, at the same frequency. We provide some theoretical and experimental support for this FDE model assumption as it applies to a nonstationary M/G/1 queue with sinusoidally varying arrival rate and fixed service rate. Specifically, an analytical expression for the departure rate (system frequency response) is provided which verifies frequency invariance and quantifies the extent to which the induced sinusoidal variation is amplitude-modulated and phase-shifted relative to the arrival rate. An FDE method to generate Bode plots for a nonstationary M/G/1 queue with sinusoidally varying arrival rate and fixed service rate is presented. The FDE-generated Bode plots are compared with the analytical frequency response expression. In this way, we demonstrate that a nonstationary M/G/1 queue is characterized as a low-pass filter.
Dynamic Strains at Regional and Teleseismic Distances

Abstract We develop formulas for the size of dynamic strains caused by seismic waves from an earthquake of given magnitude and distance. These formulas include peak strain, peak dissipated power, and total dissipated energy, and they are applicable at regional and teleseismic distances. The formulas are fits to data from 89 large (6.5≤ M w ≤9.0) shallow earthquakes, with source distances between 500 and 16,000 km, recorded between 1977 and 2013 by three long‐base laser strainmeters at Pinon Flat Observatory in southern California; these strainmeters provide uniquely well‐calibrated measurements of tensor strain. The residuals to the fits suggest that strain values can usually be predicted to within a factor of 2. These data also show that the strain tensor can be substantially different from that expected for plane waves: in particular, the extension perpendicular to the back azimuth, which should be zero, is always 20% or more of the extension along that azimuth. How much the strains resemble those for plane waves depends on their path, perhaps because inhomogeneities along different paths produce different amounts of multipathing. The observed strains are systematically 10%–30% larger at nearby laser strainmeter sites in the Salton trough, suggesting local amplification from inhomogeneous crustal structure. Online Material: Tables of earthquake catalogs and dynamic strain analysis, and figures of earthquake magnitude/distance distributions and time delays of maximum strain.
Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) associated myopathy can be a debilitating disease in humans, leading to weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting. Subclinical neuromuscular involvement is also common. A range of histologic lesions have been described in both forms that include both inflammatory and degenerative changes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a myopathy was present in adult cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Six specific pathogen-free, laboratory-housed cats were challenged intravenously with 1000 TCID50 of the Maryland isolate of FIV (FIV-MD) at 8 months of age. The highest serum creatine kinase values were seen at 18 months postinfection (mean 9838, SD 4805 U/L) compared to preinfection (mean 950, SD 374 U/L). Needle EMG studies revealed abnormal spontaneous activity in 2 cats. All FIV-MD infected cats exhibited at least one abnormality in muscle pathology. Of the 24 muscle samples, 15 (63%) had histopathologic lesions. The predominant histologic abnormalities consisted of perivascular and pericapillary lymphocytic infiltration, and myofiber necrosis, phagocytosis, and regeneration. Lymphocytic infiltration was graded 2+ or higher in 12 of 24 muscle samples (0 = negligible; 4+ = extensive). Immunohistochemical phenotypic lymphocyte labeling in all cats demonstrated only CD8+ lymphocyte staining. This report demonstrates the presence of a FIV associated inflammatory myopathy in the adult cat. Several similarities are apparent in comparison to HIV-1 associated polymyositis reported in humans. Future studies in the cat may thus prove useful in elucidating the pathogenesis of retrovirus related myopathy in humans. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1680–1685, 1998
Micro- and nano-scale chemical analysis of individual sub-cellular compartments

This article describes the motivations and the challenges in the development of methods for the chemical analysis of nanometer-scale samples that are isolated from a single cell. We also discuss past accomplishments that underlie and led to the current developments of these methodologies. This paper concludes by proposing a new strategy for achieving sensitive manipulation and analysis of ultra-small samples for applications in proteomics and sub-cellular assays.
Family Therapy with Eating-Disordered Adolescents

Eating disorders represent potentially life-threatening conditions that impede physical, emotional, and behavioral growth and development. The prognosis is positive if an adolescent’s eating disorder is treated soon after its onset; otherwise, the disorder may become a chronic condition by adulthood, with devastating and sometimes irreversible medical, behavioral, and emotional consequences (Lask & Bryant-Waugh, 1993).
Microtia and Congenital Aural Atresia

Microtia and congenital aural atresia (CAA) are congenital anomalies that are so common that every otolaryngologist should be familiar with the initial evaluation and care of the patient. When one ear hears normally, speech and language development should be normal. The gross and fine motor development of the baby or child is not expected to be affected in isolated cases of microtia and CAA. Current technologies allow for reconstruction or habilitation of the microtic ear when the child is several years of age. The hope is that tissue engineering can eliminate donor site morbidity. Temporary prosthetic ears will remain an option. Aural atresia work continues to be very dependent on the patient anatomy and the need or desire for better hearing in the affected ear.
Long-Term Outcome after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation with Adequate Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization Using Plerixafor and G-CSF in Poor Mobilizer Lymphoma and Myeloma Patients

Poor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization predicts worse outcome for myeloma and lymphoma patients post autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). We hypothesize that PBSC harvest using plerixafor and G-CSF in poor mobilizers may improve long-term outcome. We retrospectively analyzed the data on patients who had second PBSC mobilization using plerixafor and G-CSF as a rescue. Nine lymphoma and 8 multiple myeloma (MM) patients received the drug. A control group of 25 MM and lymphoma patients who were good mobilizers with G-CSF only was used for comparison. Sixteen of the 17 poor mobilizers proceeded to ASCT, and one MM patient had tandem transplants. Length of hospital stay, infection incidence, granulocyte engraftment, and long-term hematopoietic recovery were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, all poor mobilizers were able to obtain adequate stem cells transplant dose and had similar transplant course and long-term outcome to that of the control good mobilizers group.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from a coal-fired pilot FBC system

Due to the extensive amount of data suggesting the hazards of these compounds, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Priority Pollutant List. Emissions of these PAHs in the flue gas from the combustion of four coals were measured during four 1000 h combustion runs using the 0.1 MW heat-input (MWth) bench-scale fluidized bed combustor (FBC). An on-line sampling system was designed for the 16 PAHs, which consisted of a glass wool filter, condenser, glass fiber filter, Teflon filter, and a Tenax trap. The filters and Tenax were extracted by methylene chloride and hexane, respectively, followed by GC/MS analysis using the selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. In this project, the effects of operating parameters, limestone addition, chlorine content in the coal, and Ca/S molar ratio on the emissions of PAHs were studied. The results indicated that the emissions of PAHs in an FBC system are primarily dependent on the combustion temperature and excess air ratio. The injection of secondary air with high velocity in the freeboard effectively reduces PAH emissions. The addition of extra limestone can promote the formation of PAHs in the FBC system. Chlorine in the coal can possibly lead to large benzene ring PAH formation during combustion. The total PAH emission increases with an increase in the sulfur content of coal. Incomplete combustion results in PAHs with four or more benzene rings. High efficiency combustion results in PAHs with two or three benzene rings. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Mevastatin inhibits ovarian theca-interstitial cell proliferation and steroidogenesis.

Objective Statins reduce cardiovascular risks by improving hypercholesterolemia, reducing vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and ameliorating inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risks and is characterized by ovarian theca–interstitial hyperplasia and hyperandrogenism. This study tested the hypothesis that mevastatin limits theca–interstitial proliferation and decreases steroidogenesis. Design In vitro study. Setting Academic laboratory. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) Effects of mevastatin on cultured theca–interstitial cells. Main outcome measure(s) Proliferation was evaluated by determination of DNA synthesis using thymidine incorporation assay and by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Production of P and T was determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Result(s) Mevastatin induced a profound concentration-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis. At the highest concentration (30 μM), mevastatin inhibited DNA synthesis by 92%. Similarly, in the MTT proliferation assay, mevastatin induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell number. Mevastatin decreased production of P (by up to 49%) and T (by up to 52%); these effects remained significant when the effect on cell culture protein content was accounted for. Conclusion(s) Mevastatin inhibits proliferation of theca–interstitial cells; it also inhibits P and T production independently of the effects on cell growth. These findings provide a foundation for studies evaluating statins as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of ovarian mesenchymal hyperplasia and hyperandrogenism characteristic of PCOS.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Energetic Nitroformate Salts

New energetic nitroformate salts that contain high-nitrogen cations were synthesized by taking advantage of the relatively high acidity of nitroform. All of the new salts have been characterized by elemental, spectral, and thermal analyses. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 2 shows that it is a co-crystal of a neutral 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole molecule with the 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitroformate ion pair. The presence of the neutral molecule appears to lend stability to the salt. The structure of 3,6-diguanidino-1,2,4,5-tetrazinium nitroformate (10) was also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Theoretical performance calculations indicate that these materials have properties which compare favorably with hydrazinium nitroformate, TNT and Tetryl suggesting potential applications as eco-friendly oxidizers. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Soils and food sufficiency. A review

Soil degradation, caused by land misuse and soil mismanagement, has plagued humanity since the dawn of settled agriculture. Many once thriving civilizations collapsed due to erosion, salinization, nutrient depletion and other soil degradation processes. The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, that saved hundreds of millions from starvation in Asia and elsewhere, by-passed Sub-Saharan Africa. This remains the only region in the world where the number of hungry and food-insecure populations will still be on the increase even by 2020. The serious technological and political challenges are being exacerbated by the rising energy costs. Resource-poor and small-size land-holders can neither afford the expensive input nor are they sure of their effectiveness because of degraded soils and the harsh, changing climate. Consequently, crop yields are adversely impacted by accelerated erosion, and depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients because of the extractive farming practices. Low crop yields, despite growing improved varieties, are due to the severe soil degradation, especially the low SOM reserves and poor soil structure that aggravate drought stress. Components of recommended technology include: no-till; residue mulch and cover crops; integrated nutrient management; and biochar used in conjunction with improved crops (genetically modified, biotechnology) and cropping systems, and energy plantation for biofuel production. However, its low acceptance, e.g. for no-till farming, is due to a range of biophysical, social and economic factors. Competing uses of crop residues for other needs is among numerous factors limiting the adoption of no-till farming. Creating another income stream for resource-poor farmers, through payments for ecosystem services, e.g., C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, is an important strategy for promoting the adoption of recommended technologies. Adoption of improved soil management practices is essential to adapt to the changing climate, and meeting the needs of growing populations for food, fodder, fuel and fabrics. Soil restoration and sustainable management are essential to achieving food security, and global peace and stability.
Removal of numerical instability in the solution of nonlinear heat exchange equations

Current relaxation methods used by most large;-scale thermal-computation programs for solving, steady-state temperature distributions are subject to numerical instability when radiation is present in the system under study. The instability is usually due to the linearization of the numerical formulation of the governing equations and manifests itself as an oscillatory or divergent solution. A new method of solution is presented, which takes advantage of the diagonal dominance of the coefficient matrices of the linear and nonlinear transfer modes and uses a Gauss-Seidel system relaxation method together with a Newton-Raphson root-evaluation technique. System solution appears similar to that for a diagonally dominant linear system for all magnitudes of radiation. Test casess how the method to be monotonically convergent over the entire range of the radiation parameter considered,while previous methods were found to fail at certain magnitudes of the nonlinear term.
Intersubband-cyclotron combined resonance in a surface space-charge layer

Abstract In a magnetic field tilted with respect to the surface of Si, combined resonance transitions have been observed, resulting from a coupling of Landau levels and subband states. Because of some unexplained features in the observations, we analyze what one should expect on theoretical grounds. We conclude that unexplained discrepancies between theory and experiment still exist, which may indicate that collective effects are playing a role.
Virtual instant global entrepreneurship

International entrepreneurship must be hard, because so few firms attempt it. If true, perhaps it is hard because it requires knowledge about people and places far away. It is hard because it requires mastering processes to handle business across borders. And it is hard because it requires trust in the processes and eventually in the customers elsewhere. These three elements, knowledge, mastery and trust in international business are essential to the success of international entrepreneurship for SMEs.
Probability Limits, Asymptotic Distributions, and Properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimators

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce certain basic results from probability and statistical theory. A thorough understanding of such results is quite essential to those wishing a complete grasp of econometric theory, as well as to those whose interest lies in the competent practice of econometrics.
A phase 1 study of flavopiridol in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with metastatic cancer

13099 Background: Flavopiridol is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. The major toxicities are secretory diarrhea and neutropenia for the 72- and 1-hour infusion schedules, respectively, fat...
Students Perspective On The Impact Of The Title III Program On Doctoral And Professional Programs At Minority Serving Institutions: An Analysis Using A Multilevel Rasch Rating Scale Model

We assessed the impact of Part B, section 326 of the Title III program using data from three historically Black Universities.The Title III program aims at strengthening the resource capacity of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) with eligible doctoral and professional programs. The lack of documented quantitative impact contributes to skepticism regarding program efficacy. A web-based survey instrument was used to collect data from students across five domains: research and instruction; technology development; facilities improvement; student financial assistance; and student services. A multilevel Rasch Rating Scale Model (ARSM) was utilized for data analysis. The students indicated that the program has intermediate to high impact on research and instruction and low impact on tutorial and counseling services and outreach programs.
Alexander's antisociology

L'A. s'efforce de repondre a J. C. Alexander et a G. Sciortino. Ces derniers avaient critique son approche et sa lecture de l'oeuvre de T. Parsons. Il s'efforce de montrer que l'œuvre de Parsons s'est elaboree alors que la sociologie americaine etait dominee par l'utilitarisme et le positivisme. Il souligne que la perspective de Parsons tranchait dans ce cadre et mettait en valeur la sociologie europeenne. Il affirme qu'Alexander et Sciortino n'ont pas ete a meme de presenter des donnees historiques permettant d'invalider ses conclusions. Il qualifie donc leur approche d'antisociologique
Occurrence of Coxsackievirus Hepatitis in Baby Rabbits and Protection by a Formalin-lnactivated Polyvalent Vaccine

It was observed that 23-day-old New Zealand white rabbits came down with acute hepatitis demonstrable 3 days after intraperitoneal injection with 12 coxsackievirus group B strains. The model was used to evaluate a polyvalent, formalin-inactivated virus vaccine prepared with prototype strains of coxsackievirus groups B1-6. Seven-day-old animals received one intraperitoneal and two subcutaneous injections containing the vaccine or placebo. The regimen was repeated at 15 days of age. At 23 days of age, groups of rabbits were challenged with 1 x 10(5) plaque-forming units of a clinical strain of group B coxsackievirus and sacrificed 3 days later. The mean neutralizing antibody titer for the 12 strains tested (log2) was 4.5 +/- 1.0 eight days after the second dose of vaccine. In vaccinated animals, elevated liver function tests in the serum, and titer of virus and histopathologic abnormalities in the liver were significantly reduced for each strain tested compared with infected, unvaccinated controls. Cultures of the heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, blood, and spleen were all negative. Thus, clinical strains of coxsackie group B viruses produced isolated hepatitis in baby rabbits. Prophylaxis with a polyvalent, inactivated-virus vaccine significantly reduced the severity of liver involvement for all 12 clinical strains tested.
Separation Between Vanadium and Iron in Acid Leaching Solution of Converter Vanadium Slag Without Calcination

In viewof a new process of leaching the converter vanadium slags with titanium dioxide waste acid under the pressure without calcination proposed by our research group,V extraction from the solution which using waste acid leaching vanadium slag was studied using P204 as the extraction agent. The results showed that the reduction of ferric iron into ferrous iron by Na2SO3 as a pretreatment reducing agent prevented ferric irons co-extracted into the leaching liquid. Under the optimal technological condition: at room temperature,leaching solution original p H of 2. 5,the volume ratio of the aqueous phase to oil phase of 1 ∶ 3 and the shaking time of 4min,the extraction rate of V is more than 98. 61%,and the separation factor betw een V and Fe is up to 135. 3 using the 20% P204 with 10% TBP synergistic extraction system.