cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability and magnetism of strongly correlated single-layer VS 2

Single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit a variety of atomic structures and associated exotic electronic and magnetic properties. Density-functional calculations using the LDA+$U$ approximation show that single-layer ${\mathrm{VS}}_{2}$ is a strongly correlated material, where the stability, phonon spectra, and magnetic moments of the octahedral ($1T$) and the trigonal prismatic ($2H$) structures significantly depend on the effective Hubbard $U$ parameter, ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Comparison with the HSE06 hybrid density functional used as a benchmark indicates that ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}=2.5$ eV, which consistently shows that the $2H$ structure is more stable than the $1T$ structure and a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The magnetic moments are localized on the V atoms and coupled ferromagnetically due to the superexchange interactions mediated by the S atoms. Calculations of the magnetic anisotropy show an easy plane for the magnetic moment. Assuming a classical $\mathit{XY}$ model with nearest neighbor coupling, we determine the critical temperature, ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$, for the Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of $2H$ single-layer ${\mathrm{VS}}_{2}$ to be about 90 K. Applying biaxial tensile strains can increase ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$. Using Wannier interpolation, we evaluate the Berry curvature and anomalous Hall conductivity of $2H$ single-layer ${\mathrm{VS}}_{2}$. The coexistence of quasi-long-range ferromagnetic ordering and semiconducting behavior enables $2H$ single-layer ${\mathrm{VS}}_{2}$ to be a promising candidate for spintronics applications.
Property Claims of Jews from Arab Countries: political, monetary, or cultural?

AbstractOver the course of several decades in the mid-twentieth century, the vast majority of Jews living in the Middle East and North Africa migrated to Israel, Europe, and the Americas. Many of them left behind properties and assets that were either seized, sold at a fraction of their worth, stolen, or abandoned. Recently, the question of compensation for these properties has garnered significant attention within the context of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Problematically, the politicized and controversial nature of these claims has obscured the ways in Middle Eastern Jews themselves have understood the issue of their lost assets. This paper focuses on two organizations that offer a lens through which the broader issue of compensation can be understood. In so doing, it argues that the nature of property claims are multidimensional and cannot be reduced to the question of whether they serve Israeli state interests.
Promotion and Tenure: Application of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, and Scholarship of Engagement Criteria to Health Professions Education

Abstract Purpose This paper strives to provide clarity to two of the newer categories of scholarship as defined by Boyer and Shulman: 1) scholarship of teaching and learning, and 2) scholarship of engagement. Additionally, the paper will discuss the application of scholarship to promotion and tenure in health professional education. Lastly, potential barriers and challenges will be discussed with the introduction of possible models to assist faculty in career promotion efforts. Method A literature review was performed to retrieve articles and publicly accessible data related to faculty promotion and tenure in health professional education. The articles chosen focused on the scholarship of teaching and learning, and the scholarship of engagement. Results The results show a paucity of research focused on scholarship attainment within health professional education. Further, there are discrepancies among health professions and between academic institutions on scholarship criteria. Discussion More research on the application of the scholarship of discovery, the scholarship of integration, and the scholarship of application is needed in health professions education to further guide faculty and administrators. Investigation into the discrepancy in rank within tenured faculty in educations is an area that would bring insight into current challenges and barriers, allowing educational researchers the ability to research and develop effective strategies.
Chapter 14 – Diabetes

In the past few years, we have made substantial progress in elucidating the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chapter will summarize the concept, history, and recent discoveries produced by genomic studies for T2D and glycemic traits. These efforts have illustrated novel pathways, pointed toward fundamental biology, drawn attention to the role of β-cell dysfunction in T2D, differentiated between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathophysiology, provided a potential molecular basis for prior epidemiological observations, explained ~10% of T2D heritability, identified population-specific genetic loci, tempered our expectations with regard to their use in clinical prediction, and highlighted possible targets for pharmacogenetics.
Preliminary Survey of Modern Marine Environments of San Andres Island, Colombia

The modern reef complex of San Andres Island, Colombia, can be divided into five major depositional environments on the basis of sediment type and biota. These are: fore-reef, reef crest, back-reef platform, lagoon, and near-shore. Dominant organisms of the reef crest are Millepora complanata (hydrozoan), Palythoa mammillosa (zoantharian), and calcareous algae. Windward, or the reef-complex environments, are characterized by abundant zoanthariar corals, and leeward environments are dominated by alcyonarians. Modern subtidal sediments from the San Andres area average 70% aragonite and 30% high Mg calcite with a maximum of 20 mole % MgCO3. High concentrations of MgCO3 were found only in sediments from the reef crest and near-shore (turtle grass) environments and are attributed to coralline algae.
Foot Patrol Policies

The final chapter draws together the evidence from the preceding chapters as well as the assessments of the authors to outline a range of policy options that are suggested would spur effective foot patrol assignments. These include selecting the right officers for the role, training for foot beat assignments, and the geographic scope of the foot patrol areas. An example of the Hotspot Matrix is adapted for foot patrol demonstrating where it is likely most effective and cost-efficient. Additional sections include discussing the role of foot patrol in a wider crime control strategy, involving the community, and assessing foot patrol’s effectiveness.
Attendance at Prescribed Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in a Diverse, Urban Urogynecology Population

Abstract Background Pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is a common and effective treatment for several pelvic floor disorders, but there is limited knowledge about adherence to the therapy or what factors influence attendance. Objective To determine rates of PFPT attendance (initiation and completion) as well as correlates of PFPT attendance. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Urban outpatient clinics at a tertiary medical center treating women with pelvic floor disorders. Participants Patients prescribed PFPT during the time period January 1, 2014, through January 1, 2015. Main Outcome Measurements Number of PFPT visits recommended and attended; diagnoses associated with PFPT referral. Results Two-thirds of participants (66%; 118/180) initiated PFPT but less than one-third (29%; 52/180) completed the full treatment course. On univariate analysis, age, body mass index, diagnosis requiring PFPT treatment, marital or employment status, insurance type, number of comorbidities, incontinence status on examination, and stage of prolapse did not differ between PFPT initiators and noninitiators. Those who self-identified as Hispanic were less likely to initiate PFPT when compared with non-Hispanic patients, although this only trended toward significance (odds ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.14-1.09; exact P = .078). Conclusions Two-thirds (66%) of patients initiated PFPT but less than one-third (29%) completed the treatment course. There appears to be an opportunity to augment PFPT attendance, as well as explore racial disparities in attendance. Level of Evidence II
Diurnal Variation in PDK4 Expression Is Associated With Plasma Free Fatty Acid Availability in People.

Context Many biological pathways involved in regulating substrate metabolism display rhythmic oscillation patterns. In rodents, clock genes regulate circadian rhythms of metabolic genes and substrate metabolism. However, the interrelationships among substrate metabolism, metabolic genes, and clock genes have not been fully explored in people. Objective We tested the hypothesis that the diurnal expression pattern of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key metabolic enzyme involved in fuel switching between glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs), is associated with plasma FFA concentration and clock genes. Design and Methods We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), subcutaneous adipose tissue, and plasma samples obtained serially during 24 hours from metabolically healthy women (n = 10) and evaluated the interrelationships among PDK4, plasma FFA, and clock genes. We also determined the potential mechanisms responsible for PDK4 transcriptional regulation by using primary human PBMCs and adipocytes. Results We found that PDK4 diurnal expression patterns were similar in PBMCs and adipose tissue (ρ = 0.84, P < 0.001). The diurnal variation in PBMC PDK4 expression correlated more strongly with plasma FFA and insulin (ρ = 0.86 and 0.63, respectively, both P < 0.001) concentrations than clock genes. Data obtained from primary culture experiments demonstrated that FFAs directly induced PDK4 gene expression, at least in part through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Conclusions Our results suggest that plasma FFA availability is an important regulator of diurnal expression patterns of PDK4, and we identify a novel interaction between plasma FFA and cellular diurnal rhythms in regulating substrate metabolism.
Is Functional Independence Associated With Improved Long-Term Survival After Lung Transplantation?

Background Existing research demonstrates superior short-term outcomes (length of stay, 1-year survival) after lung transplantation in patients with preoperative functional independence. The aim of this study was to determine whether advantages remain significant in the long-term. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for adult, first-time, isolated lung transplantation records from January 2005 to December 2015. Stratification was performed based on Karnofsky Performance Status Score (3 groups) and on employment at the time of transplantation (2 groups). Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses were performed to determine the association between these factors and survival in the long-term. Results Of 16,497 patients meeting criteria, 1,581 (9.6%) were almost completely independent at the time of transplant vs 5,662 (34.3%) who were disabled (completely reliant on others for activities of daily living). Cox models adjusting for recipient, donor, and transplant factors demonstrated a statistically significant association between disability at the time of transplant and long-term death (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.40; p p Conclusions Preoperative functional independence and maintenance of employment are associated with superior long-term outcomes in lung recipients. The results highlight potential benefits of pretransplant functional rehabilitation for patients on the waiting list for lungs.
Effects of fiber wettability and size on droplet detachment residue

This paper reports on an experimental study devised to better our understanding of the role of Young–Laplace contact angle (YLCA), fiber diameter, fluid viscosity, or droplet size on the volume of droplet residue left on a fiber after droplet detachment. This was made possible using an aqueous ferrofluid droplet deposited on a horizontal filament in a controllable magnetic field. Droplet detachment process was imaged using a high-speed camera and the images were used to obtain residue volume and droplet detachment time. It was found that residue volume decreases with increasing filament’s YLCA or droplet viscosity (in a viscosity range of 1–5.5 mPa s), but it increases with increasing fiber diameter or remains unchanged when increasing droplet volume. Droplet detachment time was found to increase with droplet volume or fiber diameter but remained unaffected by increasing droplet viscosity from 1 to 5.5 mPa s. In addition, droplet detachment time was found to decrease with increasing YLCA of the fiber.
Coherent Raman Ellipsometry of Liquid Water: New New Data on the Vibrational Stretching Region

The unambiguous resolution of close and overlapping lines is one cf the most important and difficult problems in spectroscopy. In spontaneous Raman spectroscopy of condensed substances the solution to this problem is a curve fitting procedure involving a formal resolution of observed bands into a number of symmetrical lines of chosen shape and intensity. This technique, however, suffers from the lack of uniqueness as a consequence of the lack of resolution.
Predicting Calls --- New Service for an Intelligent Phone

Predicting future calls can be the next advanced feature of the intelligent phone as the phone service providers are looking to offer new services to their customers. Call prediction can be useful to many applications such as planning daily schedule and attending unwanted communications (e.g. voice spam). Predicting calls is a very challenging task. We believe that this is a new area of research. In this paper, we propose a Call Predictor (CP) that computes the probability of receiving calls and makes call prediction based on caller's behavior and reciprocity. The proposed call predictor is tested with the actual call logs. The experimental results show that the call predictor performs reasonably well with false positive rate of 2.4416%, false negative rate of 2.9191%, and error rate of 5.3606%.
Cognitive Tools in a Clinical Encounter in Medicine: Supporting Empathy and Expertise in Distributed Systems

This paper examines how, in use, culturally-provided tools can be said to embody knowledge and distribute thinking. It focuses on the routine procedures used by medical professionals to investigate patient complaints and examines explicit and implicit contributions of these conventional procedures to distributed thinking in clinical encounters in medicine. After characterizing these tools, examples of how the tools guide and constrain medical problem solving are provided. The tools support the development and exercise of the routines characteristic of medical expertise, while at the same time preserving the nonroutine, controlled deliberation necessary for sound and ethical medical care. The paper concludes with ways in which the tools' role in thinking can be promoted through medical education, particularly during students' early clinical exposure: (a) Organizing learning experiences that expose the tools' meanings; (b) exploiting the benefits of small group work to promote collaborative and individual competencies in distributed systems; and (c) explicitly utilizing the products of thinking with these tools to further the goals shared by participants in clinical encounters.
Statistical analysis of on-farm yield trials for testing adaptability of rice

Selection of rice varieties with wide adaptability over diverse farming environments is important, prior to varietal recommendation in order to achieve a high rate of varietal adoption particularly in developing countries. Multi-locational rice varietal adaptability trials conducted in farmers’ fields consist of only few varieties and minimum replicates within a location. The statistical methodology available at present for analysis of these trials is inadequate. This paper proposes an efficient and simple method to analyse on-farm multi-locational yield trials with few varieties and minimum replicates, for evaluating wide adaptability and stability of rice over diverse environments. In the present method of analysis, deviations of the plot yields from the maximum plot yield in a given environment are computed and a pooled analysis of variance is run on these deviations. Mean deviation (D) and variance in deviations (v2) across locations for each variety are computed. Varieties are evaluated for general adaptability using D and v2, the stability parameter. Variety with the lowest D and non-significant v2 is selected as the most adaptable variety in the test since it is the one with the highest yield in all environments. The present method is illustrated in comparison with the most appropriate reference method that provides a parameter called ‘superiority measure of varietal performance’ on on-farm yield trials in rice. While retaining the advantages of the reference method, the present method has an additional advantage of efficient and precise detection of varietal differences in their adaptability over diverse environments in an objective and realistic manner.
Metathesis Depolymerization Chemistry as a Means of Recycling Polymers to Telechelics and Fine Organic Chemicals

Polymer recycling is a subject of significant importance in today’s society, both for economic and social reasons. Over the years, many approaches have been used to extract value from waste materials, approaches which can be divided into three broad categories: 1) polymers can either be recycled chemically through degradation or depolymerization chemistry; 2) they can be recycled physically through thermal reshaping into objects of lesser value than the originals but still useful in selected applications; or, 3) waste polymers can simply be burned to extract their heat value. All three categories have been addressed extensively in many parts of the world.
Lung lobe torsion in an adult male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

A 6-y-old, intact, pair-housed male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) presented with acute onset dyspnea and tachypnea immediately after sedation with alfaxalone; a history of gradual weight loss initiated the examination under sedation. Thoracic radiographs revealed significant right-lung consolidation, with a vesicular gas pattern in the right caudodorsal lung field, pleural effusion, and dorsal displacement of the heart. The marmoset was euthanized due to his unstable condition and poor prognosis. At necropsy, the cranial and middle lobes of the right lung were homogenously dark red-brown, enlarged, edematous, and twisted around the longitudinal axis at the hilus. The left lung lobes were pale pink and slightly edematous. In light of the clinical and gross necropsy findings, acute torsion of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was diagnosed. Predisposing conditions for lung lobe torsion include trauma, neoplasia, pulmonary disease, previous thoracic surgery, and diaphragmatic hernia, but none of these applied to this case. Initial therapy for lung lobe torsion is to stabilize the patient and treat for underlying conditions, with prompt surgical resection as the treatment of choice. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of lung lobe torsion in an experimentally unmanipulated New World NHP.
Sobre la información de ingenieros creativos

Los problemas mas arduos que enfrenta nuestra sociedad ----como proveer a todos nuestros ciudadanos de comida, vivienda y cuidados medicos adecuados y asequibles, transporte publico economico y eficiente, energia limpia y segura---- no se resolveran por metodos faciles ni convencionales. Si asi fuera, ya se habrian resuelto. Desde el momento en que los problemas son tecnologicos, se necesitan ingenieros creativos para resolverlos. Nosotros ----los profesores de ingenieria---- estamos dedicados a formar ingenieros.
Using mobile and sensor technology to identify early dehydration risk in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment: Impact on symptoms.

6063Background: Assessment and intervention with mobile and sensor technology may improve early detection and mitigation of treatment-related symptoms, impact quality of life (QOL), reduce complications, and lower health care costs. The CYCORE (CYberinfrastructure for COmparative effectiveness Research) system utilizes sensor and mobile technology to remotely assess daily weight, blood pressure (BP)/pulse, and patient-reported outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiation treatment (RT). Clinicians reviewed data daily to identify early risk of dehydration and support early intervention to improve symptom management. We compared longitudinal symptom data in patients randomized to use CYCORE during RT versus those randomized to usual care. Methods: Methods: HNC patients (n = 357) completed the 28-item MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) at RT initiation (baseline), completion of RT (6-7 weeks post-baseline), and 6-8 weeks post-RT completion. Symptom severity and interference were ra...
Implementation and evaluation of ASHRAE’s acoustic Performance Measurement Protocols

In 2010, ASHRAE published the Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings (PMP), which define a standardized method of measuring and analyzing building performance in six different c...
Potassium channels contribute to activity‐dependent regulation of dendritic inhibition

GABAergic inhibition plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal activity. In the neocortex, inhibitory interneurons that target the dendrites of pyramidal cells influence both electrical and biochemical postsynaptic signaling. Voltage-gated ion channels strongly shape dendritic excitability and the integration of excitatory inputs, but their contribution to GABAergic signaling is less well understood. By combining 2-photon calcium imaging and focal GABA uncaging, we show that voltage-gated potassium channels normally suppress the GABAergic inhibition of calcium signals evoked by back-propagating action potentials in dendritic spines and shafts of cortical pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the voltage-dependent inactivation of these channels leads to enhancement of dendritic calcium inhibition following somatic spiking. Computational modeling reveals that the enhancement of calcium inhibition involves an increase in action potential depolarization coupled with the nonlinear relationship between membrane voltage and calcium channel activation. Overall, our findings highlight the interaction between intrinsic and synaptic properties and reveal a novel mechanism for the activity-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition.
Water splitting promoted by electronically conducting interlayer material in bipolar membranes

Bipolar membranes are used in a variety of industrial applications to split water into hydronium and hydroxide ions. This research investigated the hypothesis that an electronically conducting material between the anion and cation exchange membranes can increase the rate of water splitting by increasing the electric field intensity in the mobile ion depleted region. Bipolar membranes were constructed with electronically conducting (graphene and carbon nanotubes) and electronically insulating (graphene oxide) interlayer materials of varying thickness. All three interlayer materials decreased the voltage required for water splitting compared to a bipolar membrane with no interlayer material. Quantum chemistry simulations were used to determine the catalytic effect of proton accepting and proton releasing sites on the three interlayer materials. Neither graphene nor carbon nanotubes had catalytic sites for water splitting. Thicker layers of graphene oxide resulted in decreased rates of water splitting at each applied potential. This effect can be attributed to a diminished electric field in the mobile ion depleted region with increasing catalyst layer thickness. In contrast, membrane performance with the electronically conducting graphene and carbon nanotube interlayers was independent of the interlayer thickness. An electrostatic model was used to show that interlayer electronic conductance can increase the electric field intensity in the mobile ion depleted region as compared to an electronically insulating material. Thus, including electronically conducting material in addition to a traditional catalyst may be a viable strategy for improving the performance of bipolar membranes.
Pre-clinical medical student reflections on implicit bias: Implications for learning and teaching.

Context Implicit bias affects health professionals' clinical decision-making; nevertheless, published reports of medical education curricula exploring this concept have been limited. This research documents a recent approach to teaching implicit bias. Methods Medical students matriculating during 2014 and 2015 participated in a determinants of health course including instruction about implicit bias. Each submitted a reflective essay discussing implicit bias, the experience of taking the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and other course content. Using grounded theory methodology, student essays that discussed reactions to the IAT were analyzed for content themes based on specific statements mapping to each theme. Twenty-five percent of essays underwent a second review to calculate agreement between raters regarding identification of statements mapping to themes. Outcome Of 250 essays, three-quarters discussed students' results on the IAT. Theme comments related to: a) experience taking the IAT, b) bias in medicine, and c) prescriptive comments. Most of the comments (84%) related to students' acknowledging the importance of recognizing implicit bias. More than one-half (60%) noted that bias affects clinical decision-making, and one-fifth (19%) stated that they believe it is the physician's responsibility to advocate for dismantling bias. Conclusions Through taking the IAT and developing an understanding of implicit bias, medical students can gain insight into the effect it may have on clinical decision-making. Having pre-clinical medical students explore implicit bias through the IAT can lay a foundation for discussing this very human tendency.
Object Shape Estimation Through Touch-Based Continuum Manipulation

Object shape information is crucial for many robotic tasks. In this paper, we present an approach of estimating the shapes of unknown objects through touch-based continuum manipulation. Comparing to existing work for shape estimation that uses a conventional robot end-effector to make contact with the object, our approach offers the following advantages: (1) collecting contact points more efficiently through whole-arm wraps using a continuum manipulator; (2) explicitly taking advantage of the continuum robot proprioception to estimate the object shape both more efficiently and more accurately. Our experiments on objects with various shapes demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Brief for the Kansas Independent Oil & Gas Association as Amicus Curiae

Is the letter of the rule against perpetuities (the Rule) more important than its public policy? The Appellants in this case recklessly petition the Court to apply the Rule to a commonly used form of mineral reservation for the first time in the reservation’s nearly 100 years of use. They contend the Rule should apply even though it would cloud or nullify the property interests of countless unrepresented parties, spur a spate of litigation, remove a useful form of mineral ownership from commerce, and disrupt oil and gas development across Kansas — all in contravention of the Rule’s policy of making land more likely to be developed. Kansas courts have long rejected applying the Rule at the expense of its policy. This case does not provide a compelling reason to change course. The Kansas Independent Oil and Gas Association (KIOGA) represents the interests of over 1,400 members involved in the development of crude oil and natural gas in Kansas. KIOGA’s members, who include oil and gas producers, attorneys, landmen, and abstractors, have long assumed reservations of defeasible term mineral interests, like those in the present case, are valid under the Rule because they promote the development of oil and gas and create a future interest that parties in commerce regard as immediately vested. For as long as these reservations have existed, parties in Kansas have purchased leases, paid royalties, and probated estates on this assumption. KIOGA urges the Court not to apply the Rule and upend this long-accepted practice. In this brief, KIOGA will describe the commonness of the interests at stake, illustrate some of the practical consequences of applying the Rule to them, and demonstrate the commercial function these interests serve in the development of oil and gas.
Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Research on ClinicalTrials.gov: An Opportunity for Radiation Oncologists.

Abstract Purpose Many improvements in head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes are related to optimization of radiation therapy (RT) dose, fractionation, normal-tissue sparing and technology. Yet prior work showed that the literature of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is dominated by industry-sponsored trials that have lower rates of incorporating RT. We characterized HNC clinical trials, hypothesizing that RT-specific research questions may be relatively under-represented among HNC RCTs. Methods A web query of all open interventional trials on www.ClinicalTrials.gov was performed using search terms “head and neck cancer” and specific HNC subsites. Trial details were captured including the modality utilized, principal investigator (PI) specialty, funding, and whether the study tested a RT-modality specific hypothesis. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were used to compare groups. Results There were 841 open HNC trials, including definitive (47.6%) and recurrent/metastatic (41.9%) populations. Most trials (71.7%) were phase I or non-randomized phase II studies, rather than phase III or randomized phase II (28.3%). Among single-arm studies, most (79.6%) incorporated systemic therapy (ST), and fewer (25.2%) incorporated RT. Even fewer phase III and randomized phase II trials tested an RT-specific hypothesis (11.1%), compared to ST-related hypotheses (77.1%), (p Conclusion RT-specific research hypotheses are a minority of phase II-III HNC trials, which mostly focus on incorporating ST in the definitive or recurrent/metastatic setting and have higher rates of industry funding. Radiation oncologist PI leadership and increased non-industry funding access may ensure that RT-specific hypotheses are incorporated into trial design.
The effect of laser welding modes on mechanical properties and microstructure of 304L stainless steel parts fabricated by laser-foil-printing additive manufacturing

The success of laser-foil-printing (LFP) additive manufacturing depends critically on the laser welding of sheet metals onto the substrate or the previous layer during the part fabrication process. The welding can be generally categorized into two modes: conduction mode and keyhole mode. In this study, 304L stainless steel parts fabricated by the LFP process using the two laser welding modes are compared. The porosity, microstructure, and tensile properties of the fabricated parts in these two modes are measured and compared in the laser scanning direction (X) and part building direction (Z). The parts fabricated in the conduction mode have a higher density than those fabricated in the keyhole mode. On the tensile properties, both yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) have insignificant differences statistically based on the ANOVA analysis between the tensile specimens fabricated with the two welding modes by the LFP process. However, the conduction-mode parts have higher elongation than the keyhole-mode parts in both the X and Z directions, and the difference is especially significant in the Z direction. By using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), it was found that the much higher ductility for the conduction-mode parts in the Z-axis direction is mainly due to the distinct grain boundary interface density in the Z-axis direction between the two welding modes.
A Tale of Two Shitties: Extreme Examples of Expert Habitus in an Anal Cancer Prevention Clinic

Based on 12 months of ethnographic data collection in an anal cancer prevention clinic, this article uses the extreme examples of patients involuntarily defecating through the anoscope during the procedure to highlight the relationship between the extreme and the everyday. Despite the rarity of this occurrence, I argue that these extreme examples shed light on the ways the daily clinical routines are embodied as an expert habitus. High Resolution Anoscopy procedures are specialized, highly routinized practices that are performed hundreds of times per month at the clinic. These routines result in the development of a clinical habitus that guides physicians in deploying techniques to efficiently conduct the invasive examination. Exemplary examples of ordinary procedures certainly help explain how this expert habitus is enacted through routine clinical practices; however, this expertise becomes especially observable in moments when habituated practices are disrupted, forcing clinicians to react and respond in unscripted ways. I discuss the only two instances of patients defecating through the anoscope that occurred while conducting my research, each with a different clinician. These extreme examples provide rich opportunities to analyze how clinicians with similar procedural habits navigate extraordinary situations in expert and professional but idiosyncratic ways. Whereas exemplary examples of everyday routinized procedures can show the process of developing an expert clinical habitus, these extreme examples more clearly demonstrate how this habitus enacts expertise and professionalism by highlighting the clinicians’ abilities to deftly navigate the technical and sociocultural aspects of such extraordinary disruptions.
Family-centered care with visitor limitations

Communication and support for patients and family members can be challenging, especially when in-person visitation is limited or eliminated entirely This article discusses how healthcare teams can promote family- centered care during periods of limited visitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Nursing is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Best practices to ensure robust investigation of circular RNAs: pitfalls and tips

Pre-mRNAs from thousands of eukaryotic genes can be non-canonically spliced to generate circular RNAs (circRNAs) that have covalently linked ends. Most mature circular RNAs are expressed at low levels, but some have known physiological functions and/or accumulate to higher levels than their associated linear mRNAs. These observations have sparked great interest into this class of previously underappreciated RNAs and prompted the development of new experimental approaches to study them, especially methods to measure or modulate circular RNA expression levels. Nonetheless, each of these approaches has caveats and potential pitfalls that must be controlled for when designing experiments and interpreting results. Here, we provide practical advice, tips, and suggested guidelines for performing robust identification, validation, and functional characterization of circular RNAs. Beyond promoting rigor and reproducibility, these suggestions should help bring clarity to the field, especially how circular RNAs function and whether these transcripts may sponge microRNAs/proteins or serve as templates for translation.
Periodic Review Inventory Systems: Practice Problems

A problem set to review the concepts of periodic review inventory systems. These problems can be assigned for additional practice in calculating order quantities, inventories, and relevant costs. This can be used with the note "Managing Inventories: Periodic Review System" (UVA-OM-0975). Excerpt UVA-OM-1488 Rev. Nov. 21, 2013 PERIODIC REVIEW INVENTORY SYSTEMS: PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1. Demand for an item is 1,661 units per year with a standard deviation of 60. A periodic review system is used with an order interval of four weeks. Order lead time is three weeks. Assume 52 weeks per year. a. How many orders will be placed per year? b. What is the average order size? . . .
Hemodynamic stress and microscopic remodeling.

Abstract Backgroud Heart responds to physiologic and pathologic conditions and sympathetic drive plays an important role. It has been documented that LV base is more dominantly affected by sympathetic drive compared to the other regions. LV base is more dominantly exposed to wall stress in the initial period of remodeling due to pressure-overload, since LV cavity is the largest at base. Basal septal hypertrophy (BSH) in cross-sectional data is associated with the early phase of hypertensive heart disease. BSH was confirmed by 3rd generation microscopic ultrasound in small animals. BSH as the closest location to increased afterload could be detected in variety of stress stimuli and result in a huge septal hypertrophy in advance cases possibly related to earlier exposure of hemodynamic stress to septal wall. Conclusion Effective geometric and functional evaluation of initial remodeling due to hemodynamic stress is important according to both human and animal data. These findings possibly contribute to early recognition of adaptive phase of hypertensive remodeling and more effective management in a timely fashion.
Various Utilisations of Solid Electrolytes

Although the high temperature fuel cell and the sodium-sulphur battery covered in other chapters have generated most of the interest in solid electrolytes, various maybe less spectacular uses of them have been proposed. These applications will be reviewed briefly here trying to point out advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view.
Natural Sound Facilitates Mood Recovery

Abstract Visual exposure to natural scenes can aid in recovery from stress, attentional fatigue, and physical ailments including surgery and sickness. Yet little is known about what role auditory stimuli may play in restorative processes. The current study extends prior work on the benefit of natural visual scenes to the domain of natural auditory exposure. Undergraduate students (N=133) were exposed to an unsettling video and reliably reported worsened affective state on the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) immediately following the stimuli. Participants were then randomly assigned to either a natural sounds condition or to a comparison condition that was natural sounds intermingled with anthropogenic sounds (human voices or motorized vehicles). Participants exposed to a brief period of natural sounds following the video showed greater mood recovery, as measured by the BMIS, than did those exposed to the same stimuli also containing human-caused sounds (voices or motorized vehicles). Thus natural so...
Spatial conception of activities: a socio-cognitive perspective for simulating work practices.

People conceive their everyday affairs (their practices) as social actors in activities, in which they perceive, infer, move, manipulate objects, and communicate in some physical setting (e.g., going to the grocery to buy dinner). These behaviors are conceptually choreographed in an ongoing, usually tacit understanding of "what I'm doing now," encapsulating roles ("who I'm being now"), norms ("what I should be doing"; "how I should be dressed/talking/sitting"), and progress appraisals ("how well I'm doing"). Activity motives and modalities vary widely (e.g., waiting in line, listening to music, sleeping), all of which require time and occur in particular settings. Brahms is a multi-agent work systems design tool for modeling and simulating activities, used extensively to design aerospace work systems. For example, the Generalized Uberlingen Model (Brahms-GUM) simulates air transportation practices, focusing on how pilots and air traffic controllers interact with automated systems in safety-critical, time-pressured encounters. Spatial cognition is pervasive: scanning displays of multiple workstations; coordinating airspaces and flight paths; and prioritizing and timing interventions to maintain aircraft separations. Brahms-GUM demonstrates how events may become unpredictable when aspects of the work system are missing or malfunctioning, making a routinely complicated system into one that is cognitively complex and becomes out of control. Normally, asynchronous processes become coupled in space and time, leading to difficulty comprehending the situation ("what is happening now") as a familiar multi-modal flow of events. Such examples illustrate the dynamics of spatial cognition inherent in our conceptually situated experience--our consciousness--of who we are and what we are doing.
Use of Bioinformatic SNP Predictions in Differentially Expressed Genes to find SNPs Associated with Salmonella Colonization in Swine

Asymptomatic Salmonella-carrier pigs present a major problem in preharvest food safety, with a recent survey indicating >50% of swine herds in the United States have Salmonella-positive animals. Salmonella-carrier pigs serve as a reservoir for contamination of neighbouring pigs, abattoir pens and pork products. In addition, fresh produce as well as water can be contaminated with Salmonella from manure used as fertilizer. Control of Salmonella at the farm level could be through genetic improvement of porcine disease resistance, a potentially powerful method of addressing preharvest pork safety. In this research, we integrate gene expression profiling data and sequence alignment-based prediction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to successfully identify SNPs in functional candidate genes to test for the associations with swine response to Salmonella. A list of 2527 genes that were differentially regulated in porcine whole blood in response to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were selected. In those genes, SNPs were predicted using ANEXdb alignments based on stringent clustering of all publically available porcine cDNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. A set of 30 mostly non-synonymous SNPs were selected for genotype analysis of four independent populations (n = 750) with Salmonella faecal shedding or tissue colonization phenotypes. Nine SNPs segregated with minor allele frequency ≥15% in at least two populations. Statistical analysis revealed SNPs associated with Salmonella shedding, such as haptoglobin (HP, p = 0.001, q = 0.01), neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2 #2, p = 0.04, q = 0.21) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (p = 0.066, q = 0.21). These associations may be useful in identifying and selecting pigs with improved resistance to this bacterium.
An Implantable Microsystem for Tonometric Blood Pressure Measurement

This paper presents an implantable microsystem for tonometric blood pressure measurement in small animals. The microsystem consists of four major components: (1) a titanium base for supporting a pressure sensor and an interface chip, (2) a micromachined capacitive pressure sensor array, (3) a switched-capacitor interface chip, and (4) a titanium cap. A new micromachining fabrication process has been developed to create capacitive pressure transducers with a flat surface necessary for tonometric pressure measurement. An array of three capacitive sensors is used to increase signal output and improve stability. A custom-designed switched-capacitor CMOS interface circuit is used to measure changes in capacitance. In vitro calibration tests have been performed on the complete cuff using a silastic tube to mimic a pliable blood vessel. A sensitivity of 2 mV/mmHg @ 100 mmHg and a resolution of 0.5 mmHg (based on 1 mV RMS interface chip noise floor) has been obtained. The dimensions of the cuff system 10(L)×6.5(W)×3(H) mm3.
Asymptotic performance of multicode MIMO systems in frequency selective fading channels

We consider multicode multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ multiple streams on each transmit antenna to increase the data rate in fading multipath channels. While it is possible to show that the multi-antenna interference is asymptotically Gaussian for a large number of antennas, in practice, the number of antennas may be small. Therefore, we derive the asymptotic distribution of the multi-antenna interference when the processing gain is sufficiently large. We then derive the performance of the conventional RAKE receiver.
Murine Plasma Cells Secreting More Than One Class of Immunoglobulin VI. Secretion of Completely Assembled IgG2b and IgA Molecules with Segregated Heavy Chains and Free Light Chains by Spontaneous Myeloma SAMM 368 in Culture

The antigenic and molecular characteristics of the two immunoglobulins secreted by a single cell line of plasmacytoma SAMM 368 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of biosynthesized proteins. Adapted to continuous in vitro cultivation, this BALB/c plasmacytoma secretes at least 98% of its heavy chains as components of fully assembled and isotypically uniform IgG2b and IgA molecules. The IgA is secreted as monomers, dimers, and multimers with chemical properties typical of BALB/c myeloma IgA including disulfide bonded J chain and noncovalently bonded light chains. The noncovalently bonded light chains are monomers rather than dimers. Free light chains are also secreted. The ability to segregate heavy chains is attributed either to chemical, enzymatic, or compartmental regulatory factors operating within these plasma cells.
International federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging of endometrial cancer 1988

In 1988, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Cancer Committee changed the staging of endometrial carcinoma from a clinical one to a surgicopathologic one. The emphasis in the new FIGO system was changed to the pathologic findings in the uterus, cervix, adnexa, and pelvic and/or periaortic nodes, and peritoneal cytologic findings. The major changes in this staging system were (1) the use of the depth of myometrial invasion and (2) the identification of tumor cells in peritoneal cytologic examination and of invasion in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Preoperative endocervical curettage was no longer necessary. Currently, the high level of operability of patients with endometrial carcinoma makes this staging system a viable one, which will provide information about the need for additional treatment. The use of the grading system for the tumor also was refined to upgrade nuclear changes that were inappropriate for the architectural grade. In serous adenocarcinomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, nuclear grading took precedence. Adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation were graded according to the nuclear grade of the glandular component.
Properties of (Mn,Co)3O4 Spinel Protection Layers for SOFC Interconnects

Ferritic stainless steels are promising candidates for interconnect applications in low- and mid-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A couple of issues however remain for this particular application, including chromium poisoning due to chromia evaporation, and long-term surface and electrical stability of the scale grown on these steels. Application of a manganese colbaltite spinel protection layer on the steels appears to be an effective approach to solve the issues. For an optimized performance, properties of Mn 1+x Co 2-x O 4 (-0.5≤x≤1.5) spinels relevant to the protective coating application were investigated. It was found that the spinels with x around 0.5 demonstrated a good CTE match to ceramic cell components, high electrical conductivity, and thermal stability up to 1,250°C. The material suitability was confirmed by a long-term test on a Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 protection layer that was thermally grown on Crofer22 APU, indicating the spinel protection layer not only significantly decreased the contact resistance between a LSF cathode and a stainless steel interconnect, but also inhibited the sub-scale growth on the stainless steel.