cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic Scattering of Pions by Nucleons and Pion Production in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions

If the ideas about the pion-nucleon interaction discussed by Chew are taken seriously, it is important to know the accuracy of his calculation of the phase shifts for pion-nucleon scattering resulting from the second-order Tamm-Dancoff approximation. In this paper, exact solutions (found by numerical methods) of the integral equations for the scattering amplitudes resulting from the second-order Tamm-Dancoff approximation are compared with his approximate results.Aitken, Mahmoud, and Watson have shown that a similar integral equation occurs in a theory (based on the same ideas as those discussed by Chew) of pion production in nucleon collisions. The accuracy of their approximate solution of this integral equation is discussed.
Quenching of vibrationally excited N2 by atomic oxygen

Abstract A recently developed photoionization technique for detection of vibrationally-excited nitrogen (N * 2 ) has been applied to study the quenching of N * 2 by O at 300°K. The rate coefficient for quenching of N * 2 by O is found to be (3.5±1.4)×10 −15 cm 3 sec −1 . The efficient vibrational relaxation previously observed in the N * 2 O system in shock tubes at high temperature and attributed to a chemical interaction persists at low temperatures.
Testing the host‐finding ability of a monophagous caterpillar in the field

. 1. Relatively few studies of the host-finding ability of specialised, phytophagous insects involve direct observations of individual insects moving among intact hosts and non-hosts. Information from such studies can inform the design of restoration programmes for species of conservation concern. 2. The movement of caterpillars of the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly, Speyeria zerene hippolyta (Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) was studied in the field in cleared arenas with 10 cm radii. Caterpillars were placed in the centre, surrounded by three individuals of their host, Viola adunca, and three different non-host individuals, separated by bare ground. In a second experiment, second instars were placed between a host and a non-host, 3–6 cm away. Caterpillars were observed to determine if they walked to their host more often than expected by chance. 3. Caterpillars walked to vegetation significantly more often than expected by chance. They did not, however, reach their hosts more often than expected, based on plant availability. 4. It is concluded that S. z. hippolyta caterpillars can distinguish vegetation from bare ground from 10 cm away. There is no evidence that they can distinguish their host plant from other herbaceous species at distances of 3 cm.
The Length of the Flexible SNAREpin Juxtamembrane Region Is a Critical Determinant of SNARE-Dependent Fusion

The topology of a SNARE complex bridging two docked vesicles could act as a mechanical couple to do work on the lipid bilayer resulting in fusion. To test this, we prepared a series of modified SNARE proteins and determined their effects on SNARE-dependent membrane fusion. When two helix-breaking proline residues are introduced into the juxtamembrane region of VAMP, there is little or no effect on fusion, and the same change in syntaxin 1A only reduced the extent and rate of fusion by half. The insertion of a flexible linker between the transmembrane domain and the conserved coiled-coil domain only moderately affected fusion; however, fusion efficiency systematically decreased with increasing length of the linker. Together, these results rule out a requirement for helical continuity and suggest that distance is a critical factor for membrane fusion.
Acute effects of premeal versus postmeal exercise on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the timing of exercise relative to the consumption of a fat-rich meal (81% fat) on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Design A single bout of exercise was either completed 30 minutes before the fat meal (EM trial) or initiated 90 minutes after the fat meal (ME trial). A third trial, fat meal only, served as a control (CON trial). The trials performed in a random order, and venous blood samples were drawn before and 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 hours after the meal for the determination of triglycerides, glycerol, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids. Participants Ten untrained healthy males 25.2 +/- 0.9 years old (mean +/- SE) with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 46.6 +/- 3.0 mL.kg(-1).min(-1). Intervention Walking exercise performed at 50% VO2max for 90 minutes. Main outcome measure Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, which was quantified by calculating the area under the triglycerides curve over the 7.5-hour postprandial period. Results The mean incremental area under the curve (total area adjusted to baseline) describing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was lower both in the EM trial (3.16 +/- 0.99 mmol.L(-1).8 h) and in the ME trial (2.96 +/- 0.69 mmol.L(-1).8 h) compared with CON trial (6.18 +/- 1.10 mmol.L(-1).8 h; P 0.05). Conclusion A single bout of moderate intensity exercise decreases postprandial hypertriglyceridemia irrespective of the timing of the exercise relative to a high-fat meal.
A Selenopyrylium Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy Related in Structure to the Antitumor Agent AA1 with Potent in Vivo Activity and No Long-Term Skin Photosensitization

Cationic chalcogenopyrylium dyes 5 were synthesized in six steps from p-aminophenylacetylene (9), have absorption maxima in methanol of 623, 654, and 680 nm for thio-, seleno-, and telluropyrylium dyes, respectively, and generate singlet oxygen with quantum yields [Φ(1O2)] of 0.013, 0.029, and 0.030, respectively. Selenopyrylium dye 5-Se was phototoxic to cultured murine Colo-26 and Molt-4 cells. Initial acute toxicity studies in vivo demonstrate that, at 29 mg (62 μmol)/kg, no toxicity was observed with 5-Se in animals followed for 90 days under normal vivarium conditions. In animals given 10 mg/kg of 5-Se via intravenous injection, 2−8 nmol of 5-Se/g of tumor was found at 3, 6, and 24 h postinjection. Animals bearing R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinomas were treated with 10 mg/kg of 5-Se via tail-vein injection and with 720 J cm-2 of 570−750-nm light from a filtered tungsten lamp at 200 mW cm-2 (24 h postinjection of 5-Se). Treated animals gave a tumor-doubling time of 9 ± 4 days, which is a 300% increas...
Dual role of calmodulin in excitable cells

Consideration of the enzymatic reactions governing calcium channel phosphorylation and dephosphorylation leads one to deduce that there exist separate groups of enzymes, membrane-bound and cytoplasmic that are activated by a common mediator, calmodulin (CaM), whose time-dependent appearance (via diffusion) at both locales is controlled by both intracellular calcium levels and electrostatic interaction with the membrane. In brief, the change in the sign and extent of the electrical charge borne by the modulator in the presence of calcium (Ca) brings about the electrostatic attraction that enables the transport of [Ca-CaM] to the membrane. This translocation of Ca-CaM makes possible a sequential activation of cellular enzymes whose locations differ. The sequence, both spatial and temporal, of the activation of various cellular enzymes by Ca-CaM appears to be a control network shared in common by excitable cells containing a stimulus-response pathway mediated by second messengers.
Electrical and chemical demulsification techniques for microemulsion liquid membranes

Abstract Recent work has focused on removing mercury from contaminated water via microemulsion liquid membranes. Electrostatic coalescence and butanol addition are evaluated as potential demulsification techniques for recovery of the components of mercury-rich microemulsions. Unlike coarse emulsions, electrical demulsification with heat is not effective for microemulsions due to the smaller size of the internal phase droplets in microemulsions. This explanation is confirmed by the photomicrographs of the two emulsion systems. Microemulsions can be demulsified using butanol as an additive. The demulsification kinetics are proportional to the butanol concentration and the temperature and inversely proportional to the surfactant concentration. Reduced mercury extraction efficiency with microemulsions formulated from recovered oil phase is attributed to some surfactant degradation during the demulsification processing as well as residual butanol in the recycled organic phase.
Hemoglobin Polymorphism in Macaca nemestrina

Four hemoglobin phenotypes have been noted in the pigtailed monkey ( Macaca nemestrina). Pedigree studies suggest a simple codominant Mendelian explanation for inheritance of three of these phenotypes, including one electrophoretically identical with human type A. The fourth type occurred in only one animal in this series.
Digital Method To Evaluate The Noise Of X-Ray Image Intensifiers

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the noise of x-ray image intensifiers. Fast electronics and a fast photomultiplier tube (PMT) are optically coupled to the output of an x-ray image intensifier. The light emission induced in the intensifier by the absorption of x-ray photons is measured by counting single PMT photoelectrons. The fluctuation in the number of counted PMT photoelectrons per absorbed monochromatic x-ray photon is a measure of the noise of the x-ray image intensifier. It is characterized by an efficiency factor called DQEscin whose values have been obtained from PMT count distributions for five x-ray energies. Experimental results reveal that the output signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray image intensifier under study is reduced by no more than 10% as expected from the efficiency factor DQEscin.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
New Pharmacologic Therapies in Chronic Hepatitis B

Approximately 350 million persons worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B, which can result in cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, 2 interferons and 5 nucleos(t)ide analogues have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This article discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, optimal dose, clinical efficacy, and side effects of medications used for the treatment of CHB.
A general formula for hydrologic frequency analysis

A general formula is presented to simplify many existing methods of hydrologic frequency analysis. It is shown that the methods differ only in the definition of the frequency factor contained in the formula. The derivation of the formula is simple, and does not require familiarity with advanced mathematics and statistics. The application of the formula is practical so that it provides a valuable tool for the hydrologic design of hydraulic structures.
Chromatic numbers of copoint graphs of convex geometries

Abstract We study the copoint graph of a convex geometry. We give a family of copoint graphs for which the ratio of the chromatic number to the clique number can be arbitrarily large. For any natural numbers 1 d k , we study the existence of a number K d ( k ) so that the chromatic number of the copoint graph of a convex geometry on a set of at least K d ( k ) elements, with every d -element subset closed, has chromatic number at least k . Our results are analogues of results of Erdős and Szekeres for convex geometries realizable by point sets in R d , where cliques in the copoint graph correspond to subsets of points in convex position.
Laxative abuse complicating bulimia: Medical and treatment implications

Literature concerning laxative abuse among young women with bulimia is reviewed. Laxative abuse appears to be much more common among females with bulimia than among females who do not meet criteria for bulimia. Patients with bulimia most commonly abuse stimulant-type laxatives. The abuse of laxatives is associated with potentially serious sequellae involving the gastrointestinal tract as well as generalized systemic effects. The different types of laxatives, their mechanisms of action, and the medical complications of laxative abuse are reviewed. Recommendations regarding laxative withdrawal are offered.
AMPA receptors are the major mediators of excitotoxic death in mature oligodendrocytes.

Abstract Myelination of axons is important for central nervous system function, but oligodendrocytes, which constitute CNS myelin, are vulnerable to excitotoxic injury and death. Although mature oligodendrocytes express functional α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA) and kainate-type glutamate receptors, the relative roles of these subtypes in excitotoxicity are not well understood. Using recently developed selective antagonists for subtypes of ionotropic non-NMDA receptors, we addressed this issue. By examining the pharmacological, biochemical, and morphologic features of kainite-induced excitotoxic death, we also determined whether it occurs by apoptosis, necrosis, or both. We conclude that when mature oligodendrocytes die after exposure to kainate: (1) AMPA receptors are the most important mediators, (2) kainate receptors play a smaller role, and (3) death occurs predominantly by necrosis, not apoptosis.
Estimating guaranteed lifetimes of systems in a random environment

Suppose we have two components, each having a two-parameter exponential distribution. Suppose further that these components are conditionally independent, sharing a common random hazard rate and possessing unequal, fixed, unknown location parameters. We develop estimators for the minimum and maximum of these location parameters, based on samples taken from the mixed population. Several estimators are proposed and compared. Maximum likelihood estimators are shown to be inadmissible. These results are invariant to the distribution of the random hazard.
Using Visual Mnemonics to Make Instructions Easier to Remember

Instructions should be illustrated so as to help users memorize steps as quickly and thoroughly as possible. Classical mnemonic theory provides an excellent description of how to create such illustrations. The most detailed description of how to form memorable images that function as cues to subject matter is contained in the ancient Roman treatise Rhetorica Ad Herennium. The basic principle is that one must form bizarre, striking pictures combining cue images with images representing the words or concepts that are to be remembered. Much modern research on memory and imagery bears out the ancient wisdom on this topic. Gordon Bower, Allan Paivio, and others have shown that subjects remember lists of items far better when they use paired associate methods of visual memorization that are based on the classical theories. Other researchers, such as Margaret Hagen, have found that the mind processes information faster and remembers it longer when it has to deal with only minimal cues (for example, a simple line...
The design of an analogical encoding tool for game‐based virtual learning environments

Game-based virtual learning environments have the potential to provide opportunities for engagement in authentic contexts while completing authentic tasks such as problem solving. However, research in problem-based learning indicates that scaffolding should be provided for learners to benefit from such learning environments. This paper describes the design of an anagogical encoding tool, a computer-based scaffold, in a game-based virtual learning environment. Research on analogical encoding suggests that teaching students to compare cases side-by-side to draw out the underlying principles improves knowledge acquisition and transfer. Analogical encoding aids students in attending to the deep underlying structures (ie, principles) of cases, thereby reducing the potential distraction of surface features. This paper intends to translate laboratory research findings on analogical encoding to a scaffolding tool in a game-based virtual learning environment.
Values and pitfalls of the use of administrative databases for outcomes assessment.

In this issue of The Journal Lee et al (page 000) examine rates of reoperation and predictors of complications in patients with hypospadias.1 This article represents an interesting example of the use of administrative data to address a clinical question. We discuss the uses and limitations of administrative databases. Administrative data (also known as claims data or secondary data) are data collected for nonresearch purposes (often for billing) that can be analyzed retrospectively for research. Examples include Medicare claims, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, proprietary insurance claims databases and the Pediatric Health Information System Database. When used for research, such data sets typically contain limited, de-identified information regarding hospitals, clinicians and patients (including demographics and clinical information via ICD and/or CPT diagnosis and procedure codes) as these pertain to specific clinical encounters.
Localization of mountain glacier termini in Landsat multi-spectral images

This paper addresses the quantification of glacier retreat through remote sensing. Specifically, we use multi-spectral Landsat satellite images for the estimation of glacier termini locations. Different frequency bands-including visual, infrared, thermal, and processed bands-are examined with respect to their utility in identifying the location of glacier termini and the associated standard error across several scenes. The methodology is to extract an intensity profile along the glacier path from the spatially registered Landsat imagery such that the complexity of the problem is reduced from 2D (image intensity) to 1D (glacier profile intensity). Local polynomial regression is then used to smooth the 1D glacier intensity profile, where the underlying function is assumed to be corrupted with correlated noise. The glacier terminus is then detected by locating an inflection point in the smoothed glacier profile, where a constrained bandwidth selection method is introduced to ensure a single inflection point along the glacier path. Using our method with thermal band B62 and a standard processed band called normalized difference snow index (NDSI) often permits for separating ice from soil but does not lead to a consistent identification of termini location, relative to ground based observations. We therefore introduce a new processed band that combines B62 and NDSI, termed normalized difference thermal snow index (NDTSI). Applying our method along with NDTSI to multiple frames from the Franz Josef, Gorner, Rhone, and Nigardsbreen glaciers indicates an ability to accurately and robustly identify the position of glacier termini, though confirmation of skill awaits application to a larger population of observations.
Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Facial Nerve Schwannomas.

Purpose Data on the clinical course of irradiated facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) are lacking. We evaluated fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for FNS. Methods Eight consecutive patients with FNS treated at our institution between 1998 and 2011 were included. Patients were treated with FSRT to a median dose of 50.4 Gy (range: 46.8–54 Gy) in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy fractions. We report the radiographic response, symptom control, and toxicity associated with FSRT for FNS. Results The median follow-up time was 43 months (range: 10–75 months). All patients presented with symptoms including pain, tinnitus, facial asymmetry, diplopia, and hearing loss. The median tumor volume was 1.57 cc. On the most recent follow-up imaging, five patients were noted to have stable tumor size; three patients had a net reduction in tumor volume. Additionally, six patients had improvement in clinical symptoms, one patient had stable clinical findings, and one patient had worsened House-Brackmann grade due to cystic degeneration. Conclusion FSRT treatment of FNS results in excellent control of growth and symptoms with a small rate of radiation toxicity. Given the importance of maintaining facial nerve function, FSRT could be considered as a primary management modality for enlarging or symptomatic FNS.
Software and privacy: revising Orwell

It is argued that employers frequently use computers as a surveillance device and a means to monitor almost every aspect of employee performance. Employers justify such conduct by asserting that this helps ensure job safety and workplace security, reduce costs and limit liability; and increase productivity, efficiency, and product quality. Taken too far, however, surveillance can make employees overstressed and anxious, ultimately hindering the employers' objectives. The use of impairment tests and computerized impairment tests are discussed. The privacy issues raised by computerized impairment tests are discussed. >
Effects of different nicotine replacement therapies on postcessation psychological responses

Transdermal nicotine patch (TN) and nicotine nasal spray (NS) are both efficacious forms of smoking cessation treatment, but have different pharmacokinetic properties and modes of action. To understand better psychological responses to treatment, we investigated the effects of TN versus NS on positive affect, negative affect, and withdrawal symptoms during treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to receive TN (n=172) or NS (n=163) plus seven sessions of behavioral counseling, and completed self-report questionnaires at pretreatment and during treatment. TN participants, but not NS participants, reported significant increases in positive affect during treatment. Increases in negative affect and withdrawal were observed, independent of treatment. Only changes in negative affect predicted relapse by the end of the treatment phase. These findings indicate that, although TN may enhance positive affect for smokers in treatment compared with NS, only changes in negative affect predict treatment outcome.
Properties of II VI/III V heterovalent interfaces

Abstract The paper addresses two issues related to II–VI/III–V heterostructures. The first topic is a discussion of the nature of the bonding at CdTe/InSb and ZnSe/GaAs interfaces grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The bonding is studied by means of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A comparison of the In 3d core level features from an InSb epilayer suface, a Te-reacted InSb surface, very thin (a few monolayers thick) CdTe/InSb epilayer/epilayer heterostructures and from deliberately grown (In, Te) epilayers, indicate that the Te-reacted layer, the CdTe/InSb heterostructures and the (In, Te) epilayers exhibit similar In bonding characteristics. A parallel XPS study of ZnSe/GaAs interfaces reinforces the conclusion that there is a general tendency for the formation of a III–VI interfacial compound when forming II–VI/III–V junctions. The second topic concerns a description of pn junction light emitting devices based on ZnSe. In the structures described, carriers are injected from nitrogen doped p-ZnSe and chlorine doped n-ZnSe into a multiple quantum well structure having (Zn,Cd)Se wells and ZnSe barriers. The bright CW photon emission originates from quantum well transitions.
Prevention of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure by Silencing of NF-κB

Abstract Activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway may be associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and its transition to heart failure (HF). The transgenic Myo-Tg mouse develops hypertrophy and HF as a result of overexpression of myotrophin in the heart associated with an elevated level of NF-κB activity. Using this mouse model and an NF-κB-targeted gene array, we first determined the components of NF-κB signaling cascade and the NF-κB-linked genes that are expressed during the progression to cardiac hypertrophy and HF. Second, we explored the effects of inhibition of NF-κB signaling events by using a gene knockdown approach: RNA interference through delivery of a short hairpin RNA against NF-κB p65 using a lentiviral vector (L-sh-p65). When the short hairpin RNA was delivered directly into the hearts of 10-week-old Myo-Tg mice, there was a significant regression of cardiac hypertrophy, associated with a significant reduction in NF-κB activation and atrial natriuretic factor expression. Our data suggest, for the first time, that inhibition of NF-κB using direct gene delivery of sh-p65 RNA results in regression of cardiac hypertrophy. These data validate NF-κB as a therapeutic target to prevent hypertrophy/HF.
Variation in screening mammography and Papanicolaou smear by primary care physician specialty and gatekeeper plan (United States)

ObjectiveTo assess whether the specialty of a patient’s primary care physician or being part of a gatekeeper plan influence breast and cervical cancer screening. Methods: Cross-sectional study of women in a national sample. For mammography, we studied women aged 40 and above, and for Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, women aged 18–65years. Screening mammography or Pap smear within the previous two years was measured by patient self-report. The key independent variables were primary care physician specialty and whether the patient had a gatekeeper. Results: Among women seen by a family practice physician, there was a higher probability of being screened if the patient was part of a gatekeeper plan than if the patient was not part of a gatekeeper plan: mammography (OR=1.35; 95 CI=1.20–1.52) and Pap smear (OR=1.60; 95 CI=1.34–1.91). Among women seen by an internal medicine physician, cancer screening did not vary significantly by gatekeeper status. Conclusions: The impact of gatekeeper plans upon cancer screening varies according to the primary care physician’s specialty. Policy interventions designed to increase cancer screening should take into account different responses to gatekeeper requirements among different types of providers.
The revolutions Of 1989: twenty years later

What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern and Central Europe? The causes lie in the exhaustion of the model of Soviet-type economic organization, the failure of reform efforts in the USSR, and the persistence of opposition to Soviet-type rule in Central Europe. The ramifications of the events are examined through the prism of three questions: (1) how do they change our evaluation of the past?; (2) what was the significance of 1989 as a moment in time?; and (3) how have they shaped the present?
Partial purification from hot dogs of N-nitroso compound precursors and their mutagenicity after nitrosation

Hot dogs contain apparent N-nitroso compounds (ANC) and ANC precursors (ANCP). ANCP purification was followed by nitrosation, sulfamic acid treatment, and analysis for ANC. Aqueous hot dog extracts were adsorbed on silica gel, which was eluted with MeCN and MeOH. The MeOH eluate was adsorbed on cation exchange resin (H+ form) and eluted with NH4OH. Eluted ANCP traveled at moderate speeds in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on amino and Pb2+ columns. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of crude water extract indicated the presence of glycerol, phosphate, lactic acid, and two monosaccharides. GC-MS of TMS derivatives of Pb2+ column HPLC eluates indicated that ANCP included 1-deoxy-N-1-glucosyl glycine. The nitrosated NH4OH eluate showed 4× background mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA-100. Un-nitrosated fractions showed 2× background activity. Although tryptophan nitrosation gave 88% ANC yield, tryptophan is probably not a major ANCP in...
720-4 Coronary Dissection Following Rotational Atherectomy: Clinical Characteristics, Angiographic Predictors and Acute Outcomes

Rotational atherectomy (RA) employs a novel methodology to debulk coronary lesions. Ratherthan improving lumen dimension by stretching and splitting the artery as with balloon angioplasty (PTCA), RA differentially abrades the less compliant atherosclerotic lesion. The effect of this unique mechanism on the incidence and outcome of coronary dissection is unknown. We analyzed 2293 lesions from the Heart Technology Multi-Center Registry treated with RA to determine predictive factors for and outcomes following coronary dissections. The incidence of dissection was 8%. Of the dissected vessels, 22% showed evidence of persistent dye staining. There were no differences in age (mean, 63yr) and gender (70% male) between the dissection and non-dissection groups. The incidence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and smoking was not increased in patients with dissections. The frequency of prior MI, prior CABG and unstable symptoms was not greater in patients with dissection. Patients with dissections were more likely to have calcified lesions (57% vs 49%; p = 0.01), tortuous vessels (36% vs 23%; P l 0.001), AHA/ACC type C lesions (29% vs 18%; p = 0.0001) and primary (79% vs 67%: p l 0.001) rather than restenotic lesions compared to patients without dissection. Maximal burr size did not differ between the dissection and non-dissection groups. Following dissection, 15% of vessels had sub-TIMI III flow. Adjunctive PTCA increased the TIMIIiI flow rate to 94%. The occurrence of dissection was associated with a greater residual stenosis following RA when compared to vessels without dissection (43% vs 38%) but that difference was negated following adjunctive PTCA (23% vs 20%). Nevertheless, the procedural success rate «50% residual stenosis without major complications) was reduced in the presence of dissection (86% vs 96%; p l 0.001) primarily because patients with dissection more frequently required CABG than those without dissection (6.4% vs 1.9%; P l 0.001). The incidence of in-laboratory closure, out-of-Iaboratory closure, coronary pelioration, Q-wave MI, non-Q MI and death were not increased in patients with dissection. Conclusion Coronary dissection is an uncommon complication of RA that shares many predictors with PTCA but may have a more benign outcome.
Depression and Stigma Among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users in China: An Exploratory Study

Very little is known about the interrelationships among social stigma, depression, and HIV-status among injection drug users (IDUs) in China. To better understand these relationships, the authors assessed depression, perceived social stigma, and HIV status in a sample of 45 IDUs in a high-risk region of China. Data were analyzed using analyses of covariance and pair-wise correlations. Perceived social stigma was elevated among IDUs and significantly related to depression; IDUs report comparable levels of depression regardless of HIV serostatus. Implications for further research and study limitations are discussed.
Using video clips from "The Office" to illustrate organizational behavior concepts

Video clips from the television sitcom “The Office” were utilized in a pharmacy management course to illustrate organizational behavior principles. The goal of this instructional strategy was to gain and maintain student attention and increase interest in the topics covered. Analysis of student questionnaire responses revealed that the strategy was successful in garnering and sustaining student attention with content that anecdotally has been considered boring and uninteresting. This paper describes the theoretical underpinning leading to the implementation of this strategy, along with the logistics and limitations. This strategy holds promise for use across a variety of topics within a pharmacy curriculum and warrants further research.
VLSI asynchronous systems: specification and synthesis

Abstract Most of today's digital systems are realized using synchronous (i.e. globally clocked) VLSI circuits. For many reasons, it is becoming increasingly hard to build large synchronous circuits. Although several techniques for building non-clocked (i.e. asynchronous) sequential circuits have been known for some time, they have been largely ignored by the digital design community. Recently, however, asynchronous circuits have been enjoying a revival. After reviewing recent research in this area, we take a simple collection of examples and, through them, explain our design system for specifying and synthesizing asynchronous circuits. We show that by being able to work in a framework where circuit activities do not have to coincide with clock pulses, designers obtain several avenues for circuit optimization that are highly promising for creating efficient and modularly expandable circuits.
EFFECT OF INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF ACID

Acid administered to rabbits by intrabronchial insufflation causes an immediate and extreme damage of the lung tissue. Within certain limits the degree and extent of the injury vary according to the concentration of the acid. With the greater concentrations death occurs promptly, almost immediately, and the lethal process has associated with it a decreased permeability of the pulmonary vessels. The latter fact has been confirmed by postmortem arterial injections. With weaker solutions the results, grossly and histologically, resemble those noted after influenzal pneumonia and gas poisoning. Thus, there is destruction of the epithelium of the bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, and the alveoli. The extent of the damage to the alveolar walls varies. Exudation occurs into the alveolar, interstitial, perivascular, and peribronchial tissues. Primarily this exudate is serous, but a rapid deposition of fibrin occurs, and later polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes accumulate. In different animals, or in different portions of the same lung, there may be consolidations of different types, serofibrinous, hemorrhagic, or purulent, with or without destruction of the alveolar walls. Subsequent changes relate to the organization of the exudate, necrosis, proliferation of the epithelium in the alveoli and bronchi, and, finally, to the regeneration of the pulmonary parenchyma. Experiments now in progress indicate that similar changes can be induced by various acids, both inorganic and organic. Experiments also show that similar changes are produced in other species of animals but that species differ in their resistance according to the acid and the concentration in which it is employed.
A turns index for pulse transformer design

FOR a good many years designers of power transformers and distribution transformers have had a guide number to use in starting their first design.1, 2 This is expressed by the equation Vt = K?kva where Vt is the volts per turn to use in starting the first design; K is a constant which may vary between relatively narrow limits; and kva is the kilovolt-ampere rating of the transformer. In practice, the constant K is about 1.25 for shell-type power transformers, about 0.6 for core-type power transformers, and about 0.4 for core-type distribution transformers.
Differences Between Teaching Adults and Pre-Adults: Some Propositions and Findings:

Do teachers teach adults differently from pre-adults and, if so, what are these differences and what factors determine their magnitude? To examine these questions, data were collected from 173 public school and college teachers who taught both adults and pre-adults. Hypotheses related to overall magnitude of differences in teaching behavior were tested using multiple regression. As predicted, differences in teaching behavior were related to the relative age of the pre-adult comparison group (i.e., greater for school teachers), the extent to which adults were perceived to differ from pre-adults on learning-related characteristics, and the extent to which teachers subscribed to the belief that groups of students with different characteristics should be taught differently. These variables accounted for 41 percent of the variance in the measure of overall difference in teaching behavior. Secondary hypotheses concerning the direction of specific differences in teaching behaviors and perceptions of student char...
Monte Carlo simulations of gas solubility in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.

The Henry's constants of water, carbon dioxide, ethane, ethene, methane, oxygen, and nitrogen are computed in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) using test particle insertion and expanded ensemble Monte Carlo methods. The partial molar enthalpy and partial molar entropy of solvation are also computed for water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. The results from the simulations are compared against experimental data from the literature. In addition, the accuracy and precision of the two methods in determining the Henry's constant are examined. Local organization of the ionic liquid around a solute molecule is analyzed, and the interactions responsible for the experimentally observed solubility trends are identified.
Increased mitochondrial CTP: phosphatidic acid cytidyltransferase in the 7777 hepatoma.

Summary CTP: phosphatidic acid cytidylfransferase is an important enzyme in the mitochondrial pathway for diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) synthesis. 7777 hepatoma mitochondria were found to have a 360% increase in CTP: phosphatidic acid cytidyltransferase as compared with normal liver mitochondria. 7777 hepatoma microsomes were significantly less active in CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis as compared with normal liver microsomes. In normal liver, the microsomal fraction is the most active in CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis but in the 7777 hepatoma the specific activity of CTP: phosphatidic acid cytidyltransferase was highest in the mitochondrial fraction. The results suggest that the subcellular localization of membrane-bound enzymes may be altered by malignant transformation and raise the possibility of abnormal membrane biogenesis in the 7777 hepatoma.
A hydrogen-bonded heterodimer of 1-(4-hexyloxyphenyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one with 4-cyanobenzoic acid.

The two components of the title heterodimer, C 17 H 21 NO 2 ·C 8 H 5 NO 2 , are linked end-to-end via O-H···O(=C) and C-H···O(=C) hydrogen-bond interactions. Additional lateral C-H···O interactions link the dimers in a side-by-side fashion to produce wide infinite molecular ribbons. Adjacent ribbons are interconnected via π-π stacking and C-H···π(arene) interactions. This structure represents the first evidence of robust hydrogen-bond formation between the moieties of pyridin-4(1H)-one and benzoic acid.
Introducing uncertainty in the teaching of pensions: A simulation approach

Abstract Recent technological developments have made it possible to allow students to model probabilistic situations using electronic spreadsheets. This paper illustrates how explicitly incorporating uncertainty can add new dimensions to pension accounting. Faculty members teaching advanced financial accounting topics could use this innovation to help reorient accounting education toward skill development.
The impact of laryngeal disorders on work-related dysfunction.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the short-term disability (STD) and lost work productivity related to laryngeal disorders. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of a national database of work absence and STD claims was performed. Methods: Patients with 12 months of follow-up who had an STD claim specifically linked to a dysphonia diagnosis based on ICD-9 codes were identified during the period of January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2008. Patient age, sex, and diagnosis and the total number of work days absent were determined. Using the mean national hourly wage, productivity losses in terms of lost wages were calculated. Results: Of the 18,466 unique patients with an STD claim, 386 (2.1%) had an STD claim due to a laryngeal disorder. The mean age was 45.9 years (standard deviation, 9.6) with 53.2% male. The mean number of work days absent was 39.2 days (95% confidence interval: 31.9–46.5). Total STD payments in 2008 dollars were $647,269.30 with a mean per person in 12 months of $3,406.68. Total and mean lost wages in 12 months were $843,198.72 and $4,437.89, respectively. Patients with laryngeal cancer had the most days absent and highest total STD payment. Conclusions: Laryngeal disorders lead to work-related disability with STD and productivity losses and represent a significant societal burden. Managing work limitations from laryngeal disorders is an important public health goal. Laryngoscope, 2012
Fluoxetine efficacy in treatment resistant depression.

Abstract 1. As many as 30% of depressed patients fail to respond to antidepressant drug therapy, and at least 60%–75% will not achieve complete recovery. Recently, several studies have suggested that newer, “second generation” antidepressants might be beneficial in treatment resistant depression (TRD). In the present study the authors examined the potential utility of fluoxetine in TRD by comparing its efficacy in patients with and without a prior history of antidepressant response. 2. 149 patients with MDD received fluoxetine 20mg daily for a minimum of 5 weeks: 43 (29%) had never responded to drug therapy (TRD patients), 41 (28%) did have a prior drug response (non-TRD patients) and 65 (44%) had never received any antidepressant treatment. Clinical response was defined as a ≥50% reduction in baseline Hamilton Depression Rating score plus a final score 3. Compared to non-TRD patients, the TRD patients were more likely to have unipolar depression (p = 0.002), a chronic episode of >2 years duration (p 4. The present observations suggest that fluoxetine treatment of adequate duration may be beneficial for some patients with a prior history of refractory depression.
Evaluating the Feminist Challenge to Research in Personality and Social Psychology: 1963-1983.

Multiple indices for evaluating the feminist challenge in psychology are identified, and provide a context for discussing selected aspects of research in personality and social psychology that reflect the impact of feminism on psychology. Women's involvement in the research process, the types of research methods used, and substantive concerns were examined in selected issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology between 1963 and 1983. Despite a significant increase in the proportion of articles with female authors, there were no clear changes in any of the methodological variables we assessed. Comparisons of these studies and those published in the Psychology of Women Quarterly suggest that the impact of the feminist challenge is far more noticeable in this more explicitly feminist journal. Evidence pertaining to the relative impact of publishing in explicitly feminist versus “mainstream” journals, derived from analyses of citation frequency of several feminist studies, was examined. Overall...
Residues of dichlorvos in milk and tissues of dairy cows treated to control insect pests.

When 2 oz of a 1% solution of dichlorvos was applied fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.); and mosquitoes, no residues daily for 31 days as a mist spray to dairy cattle for control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.); the stable were detected in the milk or tissues.
Using backup generators for meeting peak electricity demand: a sensitivity analysis on emission controls, location, and health endpoints.

Abstract Generators installed for backup power during blackouts could help satisfy peak electricity demand; however, many are diesel generators with nonnegligible air emissions that may damage air quality and human health. The full (private and social) cost of using diesel generators with and without emission control retrofits for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were compared with a new natural gas turbine peaking plant. Lower private costs were found for the backup generators because the capital costs are mostly ascribed to reliability. To estimate the social costs from air quality, the changes in ambient concentrations of ozone (O3) and PM2.5 were modeled using the Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (PMCAMx) chemical transport model. These air quality changes were translated to their equivalent human health effects using concentration-response functions and then into dollars using estimates of “willingness-to-pay” to avoid ill health. As a case s...
Effects of false heart-rate feedback on avoidance behavior: An investigation of “Cognitive desensitization”

Valins and Ray (1967) report a procedure in which subjects, presented with bogus heart-rate recordings indicating an absence of fear arousal in the presence of the feared object (i.e., a snake), subsequently exhibited a reduction in behavioral avoidance of a snake. An attempt was made to replicate these findings employing a more conventional and stringent criterion of behavioral avoidance. Contrary to Valins and Ray, results showed no significant behavioral or attitudinal effect of the cognitive manipulation. A preliminary clinical application of this false feedback procedure was described.
PKCα regulates phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of cPLA2 in vitro and in activated human monocytes

Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) are potent regulators of the inflammatory response. We have observed that Group IV cPLA(2) activity is required for the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in human monocytes [Li Q., Cathcart M.K. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (4) (1997) 2404-2411.]. We have previously identified PKCalpha as a kinase pathway required for monocyte O(2)(-) production [Li Q., Cathcart M.K. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (26) (1994) 17508-17515.]. We therefore investigated the potential interaction between PKCalpha and cPLA(2) by evaluating the requirement for specific PKC isoenzymes in the process of activating cPLA(2) enzymatic activity and protein phosphorylation upon monocyte activation. We first showed that general PKC inhibitors and antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) to the cPKC group of PKC enzymes inhibited cPLA(2) activity. To distinguish between PKCalpha and PKCbeta isoenzymes in regulating cPLA(2) protein phosphorylation and enzymatic activity, we employed our previously characterized PKCalpha or PKCbeta isoenzyme-specific antisense ODN [Li Q., Subbulakshmi V., Fields A.P., Murray, N.R., Cathcart M.K., J. Biol. Chem. 274 (6) (1999) 3764-3771]. Suppression of PKCalpha expression, but not PKCbeta expression, inhibited cPLA(2) protein phosphorylation and enzymatic activity. Additional studies ruled out a contribution by Erk1/2 to cPLA(2) phosphorylation and activation. We also found that cPLA(2) co-immunoprecipitated with PKCalpha and vice versa. In vitro studies demonstrated that PKCalpha could directly phosphorylate cPLA(2).and enhance enzymatic activity. Finally, we showed that addition of arachidonic acid restored the production of O(2)(-) in monocytes defective in either PKCalpha or cPLA(2) expression. Taken together, our data suggest that PKCalpha, but not PKCbeta, is the predominant cPKC isoenzyme required for cPLA(2) protein phosphorylation and maximal induction of cPLA(2) enzymatic activity upon activation of human monocytes. Our data also support the concept that the requirements for PKCalpha and cPLA(2) in O(2)(-) generation are solely due to their seminal role in generating arachidonic acid.
3-D flexible glass photonics

We demonstrate monolithic fabrication of 3-D photonic structures on flexible substrates. Strain-optical coupling behavior of the flexible devices is quantified through in-situ optical measurements and is successfully accounted for using nanomechanical finite element analysis.
Apheresis for lupus erythematosus

Indications for the use of apheresis technologies in managing lupus erythematosus have undergone numerous conceptual changes since the procedure was automated in the 1960s and first attempted for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1974. Once thought to be a promising treatment for a variety of aspects of SLE, apheresis has been relegated to occupying a few important niches as an adjunct in managing the disorder. This article will review the history, physiology and rationale of apheresis pertaining to SLE. A focused critical review of pertinent literature is presented, along with specific recommendations relating to the place of apheresis in the lupus therapeutic spectrum.