cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration and Application of Knowledge by Preservice Teachers Varying in Conceptual Level.

This study investigated the relationship between two educational approaches varying in degree of structure and the integration and application of knowledge by preservice teachers varying in conceptual levels. The subjects classified as having high or low conceptual levels were assigned to learning environments with either high or moderate structure. A criterion measure was administered to obtain achievement scores. Two-factor analysis of variance tests resulted in no significant differences associated with conceptual level of the preservice teachers and achievement. Differences were obtained between amount of structure in the environment and achievement. Preservice teachers involved in the learning environment with moderate structure scored significantly higher on knowledge level items; whereas preservice teachers in volved in the learning environment with high structure integrated and applied the knowledge to a greater extent.
RINQ: Reference-based Indexing for Network Queries.

We consider the problem of similarity queries in biological network databases. Given a database of networks, similarity query returns all the database networks whose similarity (i.e. alignment score) to a given query network is at least a specified similarity cutoff value. Alignment of two networks is a very costly operation, which makes exhaustive comparison of all the database networks with a query impractical. To tackle this problem, we develop a novel indexing method, named RINQ (Reference-based Indexing for Biological Network Queries). Our method uses a set of reference networks to eliminate a large portion of the database quickly for each query. A reference network is a small biological network. We precompute and store the alignments of all the references with all the database networks. When our database is queried, we align the query network with all the reference networks. Using these alignments, we calculate a lower bound and an approximate upper bound to the alignment score of each database network with the query network. With the help of upper and lower bounds, we eliminate the majority of the database networks without aligning them to the query network. We also quickly identify a small portion of these as guaranteed to be similar to the query. We perform pairwise alignment only for the remaining networks. We also propose a supervised method to pick references that have a large chance of filtering the unpromising database networks. Extensive experimental evaluation suggests that (i) our method reduced the running time of a single query on a database of around 300 networks from over 2 days to only 8 h; (ii) our method outperformed the state of the art method Closure Tree and SAGA by a factor of three or more; and (iii) our method successfully identified statistically and biologically significant relationships across networks and organisms. Contact: ude.lfu.esic@yoslugg; ude.lfu.esic@remat Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Only Two Hours? A Qualitative Study of the Challenges Parents Perceive in Restricting Child Television Time

This study examines parents’ and children’s reaction to the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to limit children’s television (TV) viewing to 2 hours a day or less. To better understand the challenges faced by parents who would seek to adhere to the guidelines, we conducted qualitative small group interviews with 60 parent/child dyads from each of the following three age groups: 6 to 7, 9 to 10, and 12 to 13 years (N = 180 children and 180 parents). Parents and children were interviewed separately and transcripts were thematically analyzed using Atlas.ti. Results indicate three salient challenges: (a) limiting children’s TV time will cause conflict in the home because of children’s anger at parents’ rules and increased bickering between siblings; (b) replacing TV as an entertainer takes time away from parents and requires monetary and community resources that are not available; and (c) TV is seen as a beneficial presence in the home, offering entertainment, free babysitting, and educational opp...
BARNACLE LARVAE ACTIVELY SELECT FLOW ENVIRONMENTS SUPPORTING POST‐SETTLEMENT GROWTH AND SURVIVAL

Many marine dispersive propagules select specific settlement sites based on a range of environmental cues. However, the link between larval choice and post-settlement growth and survival is still poorly understood. Here we show that cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus actively reject surfaces exposed to local flow speeds exceeding 5–10 cm/s. Field experiments show that post-settlement growth and survival decline in free-stream flows above 15 cm/s. Moreover, studies in flume flow at local speeds exceeding 10 cm/s reveal that early juveniles show reduced feeding rates caused by deformation of the cirral fan, reduced retention efficiency, and a decrease in time spent feeding. We conclude that cypris larvae actively reject flow environments that will be suboptimal for suspension feeding in the early post-settlement phase. Our study suggests that larval choice can be adaptively connected to a specific part of the life cycle, in this case the very sensitive time after metamorphosis.
Borderline personality features and emotion regulation deficits are associated with child physical abuse potential

The present study extends prior research examining the association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) features and child physical abuse (CPA) risk. We hypothesized that: (1) high CPA risk parents (compared to low CPA risk parents) would more often report clinically elevated levels of BPD features; (2) high CPA risk parents with elevated BPD features would represent a particularly high-risk subgroup; and (3) the association between elevated BPD features and CPA risk would be partially explained by emotion regulation difficulties. General population parents (N=106; 41.5% fathers) completed self-report measures of BPD features, CPA risk, and emotion regulation difficulties. Results support the prediction that BPD features are more prevalent among high (compared to low) CPA risk parents. Among the parents classified as high CPA risk (n=45), one out of three (33.3%) had elevated BPD features. In contrast, none of the 61 low CPA risk parents reported elevated BPD symptoms. Moreover, 100% of the parents with elevated BPD features (n=15) were classified as high-risk for CPA. As expected, high CPA risk parents with elevated BPD features (compared to high CPA risk parents with low BPD features) obtained significantly higher scores on several Child Abuse Potential Inventory scales, including the overall abuse scale (d=1.03). As predicted, emotion regulation difficulties partially explained the association between BPD features and CPA risk. Findings from the present study suggest that a subset of high CPA risk parents in the general population possess clinically significant levels of BPD symptoms and these parents represent an especially high-risk subgroup. Interventions designed to address BPD symptoms, including emotion regulation difficulties, appear to be warranted in these cases.
Chapter 17 Measurement of Growth and Rates of Incorporation of Radioactive Precursors into Macromolecules of Cultured Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a method for measuring the incorporation of radioactive precursors into the RNA, DNA, and proteins of mammalian cells growing either as monolayers or in suspension. The method could be used to measure the synthesis of other macromolecules and can be applied to other cell types. The method is simple and accurate and requires only a small number of cells. A most attractive feature is that isotope can be added without perturbing the cells and a large number of samples can be treated under exactly same conditions. Very short labeling pulses can be applied because the incorporation is terminated by lifting the coverslip from the medium containing the isotope and plunging it into chasing medium or cold washing solution. In effect,the beginning and end of a pulse are instantaneous. The method eliminates time-consuming centrifugation, which can lead to loss of material. After counting, the coverslips can be used for other types of analysis such as autoradiography, cytospectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy.
On the Fundamental Bifurcation Theorem for Semelparous Leslie Models

This brief survey of nonlinear Leslie models focuses on the fundamental bifurcation that occurs when the extinction equilibrium destabilizes as R0 increases through 1. Of particular interest is the bifurcation that occurs when only the oldest age class is reproductive, in which case the Leslie projection matrix is not primitive. This case is distinguished by the invariance of the boundary of the positive cone on which orbits contain temporally synchronized, missing age classes and by the bifurcation of oscillatory attractors, lying on the boundary of the positive cone, in addition to the bifurcation of positive equilibria. The lack of primitivity of the Leslie projection matrix, while seemingly only a mathematically technicality, corresponds to a fundamental life history strategy in population dynamics, namely, semelparity (when individuals have one reproductive event before dying). The study of semelparous Leslie models was historically motivated by the synchronized outbreak cycles of periodical insects, the most famous being the long-lived cicadas (C. magicicada spp).
Effect of Size Fractionation on the Toxicity of Amosite and Libby Amphibole Asbestos

Abnormally high incidences of asbestos-related pulmonary disease have been reported in residents of Libby, Montana, because of occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite. The mechanism by which Libby amphibole (LA) causes pulmonary injury is not known. The purpose of this study is to compare the cellular stress responses induced in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) exposed to a respirable size fraction (≤ 2.5 μm) of Libby amphibole (LA(2.5)) to a similar size fraction of a reference amphibole sample amosite (AM(2.5)). HAEC were exposed to 0, 2.64, 13.2, or 26.4 μg/cm(2) AM(2.5) or LA(2.5) or to equivalent doses of unfractionated amosite (AM) or LA for 2 or 24 h. Comparable messenger RNA transcript levels were observed for interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, and heme oxygenase-1 in HAEC following a 24-h exposure to AM or LA. Conversely, exposure to AM(2.5) resulted in a 4- to 10-fold greater induction in these proinflammatory mediators compared with LA(2.5) after 24 h. Evaluation of the expression of 84 additional genes involved in cellular stress and toxicity responses confirmed a more robust response for AM(2.5) compared with LA(2.5) on an equal mass basis. Differences in total surface area (TSA) by gas adsorption, total particle number, or oxidant generation by the size-fractionated particles did not account for the observed difference in response. In summary, AM(2.5) and LA(2.5) are at least as potent in stimulating production of proinflammatory cytokines as unfractionated AM and LA. Interestingly, AM(2.5) was more potent at inducing a proinflammatory response than LA(2.5). This difference could not be explained by differences in mineral contamination between the two samples, TSA, or oxidant generation by the samples.
Understanding Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews

Evidence-based practice is fundamentally about answering patient-centered questions. A pitfall in trying to answer such questions is finding 1 relevant study, appraising it, and making a clinical decision based on that single study. Sometimes a single study is all that exists, but in many cases there are multiple studies that address similar clinical questions. Systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) are frequently used to synthesize large amounts of information from different studies to get an overall assessment of the benefit of a specific treatment, diagnostic tool, or laboratory test, or the overall risk from a specific exposure. SR and MA are fundamentally different from review articles. A narrative review article is usually written by a content expert and can be an excellent way to get a broad overview of a …
Relations among Multiple Workload Measure during a Memory Task

The present study examined the utility of Sanders' (1983) cognitive-energetic model of multiple levels of attentional mechanisms for predicting physiological, performance, and subjective responses to manipulations of computational demand. Sanders' (1983) model provides a theoretical basis that can account for the relations between measures of mental workload. According to the model, the computational processing level consists of serial information processing stages that transform a stimulus and produce a response, whereas, the energetic resource level regulates physiological state and supplies the computational processing level with energetic resources. Associations and dissociations among psychophysiological measures are predicted to occur because central nervous system measures are assumed to be sensitive to computational processing, whereas, autonomic nervous system measures are assumed to be sensitive to energetic resources and only indirectly to computational processing. Further, reaction time is exp...
Based on the Quick Die Change and Its Clinical Significance

Quick die change through the method of industry engineering,in the mold product changeover time,start-up time or adjust the time as far as possible to reduce a process improvement method.Quick die change is an important part of lean production,the stability of product quality,improve production efficiency,reduce costs play a decisive operations,the author describes the quick die change meaning,and through a stamping die change suppliers as a case,the system described how to implement quick die change.
A Three-phase Mathematical Model of Transformers with Modified Delta-connected Windings

The currently used threephase mathematical models of transformers with deltaconnected windings may lead to admittance matrices singularity at the threephase fundamental and harmonic nodes of power systems, which may result in incorrect ourcomes or inability to carry out threephase f undamental and/or harmonic load flow solutions. A modified model was presented i n this paper to keep the admittance matrices away from singularity. Examples hav e proved the correctness and efficiency of the proposed model.
Association of Religious Service Attendance With Mortality Among Women

Importance Studies on the association between attendance at religious services and mortality often have been limited by inadequate methods for reverse causation, inability to assess effects over time, and limited information on mediators and cause-specific mortality. Objective To evaluate associations between attendance at religious services and subsequent mortality in women. Design, Setting, and Participants Attendance at religious services was assessed from the first questionnaire in 1992 through June 2012, by a self-reported question asked of 74 534 women in the Nurses’ Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Data analysis was conducted from return of the 1996 questionnaire through June 2012. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression model and marginal structural models with time-varying covariates were used to examine the association of attendance at religious services with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We adjusted for a wide range of demographic covariates, lifestyle factors, and medical history measured repeatedly during the follow-up, and performed sensitivity analyses to examine the influence of potential unmeasured and residual confounding. Results Among the 74 534 women participants, there were 13 537 deaths, including 2721 owing to cardiovascular deaths and 4479 owing to cancer deaths. After multivariable adjustment for major lifestyle factors, risk factors, and attendance at religious services in 1992, attending a religious service more than once per week was associated with 33% lower all-cause mortality compared with women who had never attended religious services (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62-0.71; P P P P = .003], depressive symptoms explained 11% [ P P P Conclusions and Relevance Frequent attendance at religious services was associated with significantly lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among women. Religion and spirituality may be an underappreciated resource that physicians could explore with their patients, as appropriate.
Normalizing Online Comments

This study sought to understand the role of online comments—particularly uncivil ones—in journalists’ routines. In-depth interviews with 34 journalists reveal they are becoming more comfortable with online comments and often engage with commenters to foster deliberative discussions or quell incivility. However, our data also suggest some journalists feel discomfort with engaging in this way for fear it breaches the journalistic norm of objectivity. Overall, findings suggest journalists are not ceding their gatekeeping role to the public through comments, but rather re-asserting it through moderating objectionable comments and engaging. In addition, findings suggest journalists are participating in “reciprocal journalism” by fostering mutually beneficial connections with the audience.
Refinements in Sarcoma Classification in the Current 2013 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone was published in February 2013. The 2013 WHO volume provides an updated classification scheme and reproducible diagnostic criteria, which are based on recent clinicopathologic studies and genetic and molecular data that facilitated refined definition of established tumor types, recognition of novel entities, and the development of novel diagnostic markers. This article reviews updates and changes in the classification of bone and soft tissue tumors from the 2002 volume.
End-of-Life Care and the Goals of Medicine.

Bioethicist Bruce Jennings examines the changing role of physicians in end-of-life care, from paternalistic decision maker to advisor-technician and half-way back. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Being Indian in Northeast Oklahoma

Among Native American peoples the complex issue of social identity and community often arises in terms of asserting a tribal rather than an Indian identity. That pattern may not hold true, however;...
Negative electromagnetic radiation pressure on left-handed dissipative media

We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the radiation pressure exerted by a plane wave of visible-frequency light on a flat slab of dissipative material which is left-handed, i.e. having electric permittivity and magnetic permeability which are both negative [1].
No Visible Fetal Stomach Bubble and Elevated Amniotic Fluid Index

### Polyhydramnios Figure 1. Ultrasound demonstrating fetal facies. Figure 1. ### Maternal History: ### Polyhydramnios With no Stomach Bubble ### Mandibular Hypoplasia/Agnathia-Otocephaly Surgical …
Racial disparities in the utilization of preventive health services among older women with early-stage endometrial cancer enrolled in Medicare.

To assess differences in the receipt of preventive health services by race/ethnicity among older women with endometrial cancer enrolled in Medicare, we conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 2001 to 2011 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Women with stage I or II endometrial cancer of epithelial origin were included. The exposure was race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, and NH Asian/Pacific Islander [PI]). The services examined were receipt of influenza vaccination and screening tests for diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and breast cancer. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, region, and year of diagnosis. A total of 13,054 women were included. In the 2 years after diagnosis, receipt of any influenza vaccine ranged from 45% among NH Black women to 67% among NH White women; receipt of a mammogram ranged from 65% among NH Black women to 74% among NH White women. Relative to NH White women, NH Black women had a lower likelihood of receiving both influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40, 95% CI 0.33–0.44) and screening mammography (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52–0.79). Hispanic women also were less likely to receive influenza vaccination than NH White women (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51–0.72). There were no significant differences across racial groups for diabetes or cholesterol screening services. Among older women with early-stage endometrial cancer, racial disparities exist in the utilization of some preventive services.
Acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children: Evidence from the ECLS-K:2011

Despite relatively low rates of overweight and obesity among Asian-American children, disparities exist based on acculturation, socioeconomic status, and Asian ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children. Secondary aims were to compare changes by Asian ethnic group and acculturation x socioeconomic status. Participants included 1200 Asian-American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11, a longitudinal study of U.S. children attending kindergarten in 2010-2011. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to predict weight change based on body mass indices in kindergarten (spring 2011) and second grade (spring 2013): consistently healthy weight, consistently overweight/obese, healthy weight change, and unhealthy weight change. Models included demographic, household, socioeconomic status, and acculturation measures, specifically mother's English proficiency and percentage of life spent in the U.S. Overall, 72.3% of children were at healthy weights in kindergarten and second grade. Of all Asian ethnic groups, Filipino children had the highest rate of being consistently overweight/obese (24.8%) and the lowest rate of being consistently healthy weight (62.9%). In addition, mother's English proficiency predicted unhealthy weight change (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.92) and healthy weight change (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65-0.86), relative to "consistently healthy weight." English proficiency also predicted being consistently overweight/obese for children with less educated mothers. Findings enhance our understanding of obesity disparities within Asian Americans and highlight the need to disaggregate the population. Obesity interventions are needed for Filipino children and families with low socioeconomic status but high English proficiency.
Associations between motives for dish choice during home-meal preparation and diet quality in French adults: findings from the NutriNet-Santé study.

A number of motives such as constraints or pleasure have been suggested to influence dish choices during home-meal preparation. However, no study has evaluated how the importance conferred to these motives potentially influence diet quality. The present study aims at investigating the difference in diet quality according to the importance attached by individuals to various dish choice motives. The importance of twenty-seven criteria related to dish choices on weekdays was evaluated among 48 010 French adults from the NutriNet-Sante study. ANCOVA and logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, were used to evaluate the association between the importance attached to dish choice motives (yes v. no) and energy and food group intakes, as well as adherence to French nutritional guidelines (modified Programme National Nutrition Sante-Guideline Score (mPNNS-GS)). A higher adherence to nutritional guidelines was observed in individuals attaching importance to a healthy diet (mPNNS-GS score 7·87 (sd 0·09) v. 7·39 (sd 0·09)) and specific diets (mPNNS-GS score 7·73 (sd 0·09) v. 7·53 (sd 0·09)), compared with those who attached little/no importance (all P<0·0001). These individuals also exhibited higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, but a lower consumption of meat, milk and cheese, sugary products and convenience foods compared with their respective counterparts (all P<0·0001). For other motives, that is, constraints, pleasure and organisation, only small differences were observed. The main difference in diet quality was related to the importance placed on a healthy diet. Although a causal link should be demonstrated, our findings suggested that strategies aiming at enabling people to take into account diet quality during home-meal preparation might be effective levers to promote healthy eating.
Lasting effects of early life stress in mice: interaction of maternal environment and infant genes

In the mouse, a powerful paradigm of early life stress, infant maternal separation (IMS), can trigger emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in adulthood similar to those found in humans with a history of childhood adversity. The magnitude of IMS effects differs among diverse inbred strains suggesting an interaction between the genetic background of pups and the maternal care they received. Here, we investigated this interaction with studies on reciprocal F1 hybrid mice of the stress-susceptible Balb/c and the resilient C57Bl/6 strains that were either raised by Balb/c mothers (low maternal care) or by C57Bl/6 mothers (higher maternal care) with or without IMS exposure. The ultrasonic vocalization response to isolation was recorded from infant F1 pups, and their emotional, executive cognitive and epigenetic phenotypes were assessed in adulthood. These studies showed that, regardless of the maternal care received, the emotional phenotype of F1 hybrids was not significantly affected by IMS exposure. However, F1 pups raised by Balb/c (but not C57Bl/6) mothers during IMS exposure exhibit deficits in working memory and attention-set-shifting in adulthood. They also exhibit reduced histone deacetylase 1 levels at promotors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and early growth response 2 genes, and abnormally high induction of expression of these genes during cognitive testing. As one of affected genes was previously shown to associate with the Balb/c and the other with the C57Bl/6 genetic background, these findings indicate that both parental alleles interact with the maternal environment to modulate the cognitive and epigenetic phenotypes of F1 mice exposed to the IMS.
Automated Measurement of Patient-Specific Tibial Slopes from MRI.

Background: Multi-planar proximal tibial slopes may be associated with increased likelihood of osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament injury, due in part to their role in checking the anterior-posterior stability of the knee. Established methods suffer repeatability limitations and lack computational efficiency for intuitive clinical adoption. The aims of this study were to develop a novel automated approach and to compare the repeatability and computational efficiency of the approach against previously established methods. Methods: Tibial slope geometries were obtained via MRI and measured using an automated Matlab-based approach. Data were compared for repeatability and evaluated for computational efficiency. Results: Mean lateral tibial slope (LTS) for females (7.2°) was greater than for males (1.66°). Mean LTS in the lateral concavity zone was greater for females (7.8° for females, 4.2° for males). Mean medial tibial slope (MTS) for females was greater (9.3° vs. 4.6°). Along the medial concavity zone, female subjects demonstrated greater MTS. Conclusion: The automated method was more repeatable and computationally efficient than previously identified methods and may aid in the clinical assessment of knee injury risk, inform surgical planning, and implant design efforts.
Chronically Elevating Bursting Results in Distinct Homeostatic Changes of Cultured Neuronal Network Activity

During the first few weeks in-vitro, cultured neuronal networks exhibit spontaneous bursts of action potentials, even in the absence of external input. While pharmacological means are commonly used in the study of homeostatic plasticity, electrical stimulation also provides a direct means for chronically elevating this spontaneous network activity. In this study, embryonic day 18 rat cortical neurons were dissociated and grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). During the third week in vitro, activity was chronically increased for 24 hours by disinhibiting the network using a GABA_A receptor antagonist, or by electrically stimulating the network using the MEA. Spiking activity was continuously recorded through the MEA before, during, and after each perturbation, and the frequency of spontaneous population bursts was used to give insight on how the overall network was affected. Chronic pharmacological blockade of GABA_A receptors increased burst frequency by an average of 250%. After washing out the drug, a significant homeostatic reduction in bursting was observed. Meanwhile, on sister cultures, elevated burst frequency was also achieved using distributed electrical stimulation. Surprisingly, there was no homeostatic reduction in bursting after stimulation ended; instead, bursting almost immediately returned to control levels. These experiments may help improve our knowledge of clinical interventions where neural tissue is subject to chronic electrical stimulation, as well as identify the consequences of these therapeutic approaches.
Ab Initio Study of Electronic Excitation Effects on SrTiO3

Interaction of energetic ions or lasers with solids often induces electronic excitations that may modify material properties significantly. In this study, effects of electronic excitations on stron...
Feast of Burden: Food, Consumption and Femininity in Nineteenth-century England

At the end of the eighteenth century, a remarkable shift occurred in how upper-class women were taught to interact with food. Using conduct manuals and medical advice books, I show how women began ...
Speed of sound reconstruction for HIFU ultrasound thermometry using an ultrasound element: simulation study (Withdrawal Notice)

Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 4/13/2018, was withdrawn per author request.
Fluorescence activation with switchable oxazines

The identification of operating principles to activate fluorescence under the influence of external stimulations is essential to enable the implementation of imaging strategies requiring the spatiotemporal control of emission. In this context, our laboratories designed mechanisms to switch fluorescence with either light or pH based on the unique photochemical and photophysical properties of either photoresponsive or halochromic oxazines respectively. These heterocycles can be connected covalently to fluorescent chromophores and opened with either light or pH to impose a significant bathochromic shift on the main absorption of the emissive appendage. Such a spectral change allows the selective excitation of the resulting species to activate bright fluorescence with infinite contrast and spatiotemporal control. Indeed, these mechanisms for fluorescence activation enable the acquisition of images with subdiffraction resolution, the selective signaling of cancer cells and the monitoring of translocating species in real time. Thus, our structural designs for fluorescence switching under external control can evolve into invaluable probes for the implementation of bioimaging strategies that would be impossible to perform with conventional fluorophores.
Cueing Effects in the Attentional Network Test: a Spotlight Diffusion Model Analysis

The attentional network test (ANT) uses flanker stimuli with different cue conditions to quantify differences in attentional processing. However, it is unclear precisely how the alerting and orienting cues in the task affect different decision processes. The present study leveraged computational modeling to identify the relationship between attentional cues and decision components. ANT data from a large sample of 156 participants were analyzed using the spotlight diffusion model, which quantifies decision components for response caution, motor/encoding time, perceptual processing, and attentional control. The spotlight analysis showed that the attentional cues had multiple effects on decision processing. Compared to the no cue condition, an alerting cue led to faster encoding/motor speed, improved perceptual processing, and increased attentional focusing. The orienting cue further led to a decrease in response caution and increased encoding/motor speed and attentional focusing to reduce interference from incompatible flankers. This analysis demonstrates that alerting and orienting cues have complex effects on decision processes that are not captured by simple differences in RTs, and that model-based analyses can delineate such effects to allow researchers to identify precisely how attentional processing varies across individuals or conditions in tasks like the ANT.
The Use of Data Abstraction in Program Design

This paper proposes a design language based on PL/l, called extended PL/l, which supports the notion of data abstraction. Some of the features of the language are described such as parameterized data types, generic procedures, and an external structure mechanism which defines the interconnection logic of modules. The use of the lannuaae and the data abstraction methodology in a design context are illustrated by considering a telegram analysis problem.
Surface hydrological processes of rock glaciated basins in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Glaciers in the western USA contribute summer meltwater to regional hydrological systems. In the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, where glaciers do not exist, rock glaciers serve that function durin...
Inconsistencies in Early Science Education: Can Nature Help Streamline State Standards?

Abstract An analysis of US preschool science standards shows persistent disagreement on what to cover during the preschool years. Such inconsistency hampers progress for science learning and pedago...
Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Racetrack Resonator for Sensing and Modulation

Subwavelength grating metamaterial racetrack ring resonator (SGMRTR) increases the coupling strength between the bus waveguide and the ring resonator and thus better extinction ratio can be achieved. In this paper, we summarized our recent work on SGMRTRs. We show that with the improved extinction ratio, the intrinsic detection limit of refractive index sensors can be pushed closer to the theoretical limit. We have also demonstrated the first high-speed optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer infiltrated subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguide ring resonator with measured 3-dB bandwidth of 41.4 GHz. The power consumption for digital communication is estimated to be 2.55 f J/bit.
An extension of MacMahon's equidistribution theorem to ordered set partitions

We prove a conjecture of Haglund which can be seen as an extension of the equidistribution of the inversion number and the major index over permutations to ordered set partitions. Haglund's conjecture implicitly defines two statistics on ordered set partitions and states that they are equidistributed. The implied inversion statistic is equivalent to a statistic on ordered set partitions studied by Steingrimsson, Ishikawa, Kasraoui, and Zeng and is known to have a nice distribution in terms of q-Stirling numbers. The resulting major index exhibits a combinatorial relationship between q-Stirling numbers and the Euler-Mahonian distribution on the symmetric group, solving a problem posed by Steingrimsson.
Multi-mJ, kHz picosecond deep UV source based on a frequency-quadrupled cryogenic Yb:YAG laser

We report on the development of a 2.74-mJ, ~4.2 ps, ~258 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) source at 1 kHz based on frequency quadrupling of ~32 mJ, 8.4 ps, ~1030 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses with an excellent beam profile, generated from a diode-pumped, ultrafast hybrid Yb-doped chirped-pulse amplification laser system. We have used a two-stage second harmonic generation scheme at LBO (NIR-to-green) and BBO crystals (green-to-DUV), respectively, to achieve the fourth-harmonic generation (FHG). The NIR-to-DUV conversion efficiency of ~10% in the FHG is obtained. The peak power of the produced DUV laser pulses is as high as 0.56 GW. The beam profiles at near-field and far-field are found to be excellent and the M2 value is measured as ~2.6. We also present the systematic parameter study on the optimization of DUV generation. To our best knowledge, this is the most energetic DUV generation from a diodepumped solid-state laser at kHz repetition rates.
Nerve root biopsy in intramedullary spinal cord lymphoma: Technical note and case report

Abstract Background A case of primary lymphomatosis of the central nervous system, with involvement of the spinal cord and a spinal nerve root is described, where the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the infiltrated nerve root rather than the conus medullaris. Case description A 57-year-old male presented to our clinic due to new-onset left lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary enhancing lesion at the T12-L1 level, and a small area of enhancement in a nerve root at the L4 vertebral body level. Clinical, imaging and laboratory investigations showed no evidence of extraspinal lesions, and comprehensive studies including twice-repeated lumbar puncture cytology were non-diagnostic. The patient proceeded with L2-L5 laminectomy for nerve root biopsy. Under microscope view, the involved nerve root was successfully identified and resected. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of neurolymphomatosis with large B-cell lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy with complete tumor resolution, one year after surgery. Conclusions Primary involvement of the spinal cord in malignant lymphoma is rare. Accounting for the high risk of neurologic deficits after conus medullaris or spinal cord biopsy, we demonstrate that biopsy of the affected nerve root can be considered a safer candidate in clinically suitable cases.
Temperature dependence of nuclear spin-isospin response and beta decay in hot astrophysical environments

Abstract A microscopic approach to the proton-neutron nuclear response is formulated in the finite-temperature relativistic nuclear field theory framework. The approach is based on the meson-nucleon Lagrangian of quantum hadrodynamics and advances the relativistic field theory for spin-isospin response beyond the finite-temperature random phase approximation. The dynamical contribution to the in-medium proton-neutron interaction amplitude is described in a parameter-free way by the coupling between the single nucleons and strongly-correlated particle-hole excitations (phonons) within the newly developed finite-temperature formalism. In this framework we investigate temperature dependence of the Gamow-Teller and spin dipole resonances in the closed-shell nuclei 48Ca, 78Ni, and 132Sn. Broader impacts of their temperature dependence are illustrated for the associated beta decay rates and lifetimes of 78Ni and 132Sn in hot astrophysical environments. We found a remarkable sensitivity of the beta decay rates to the enhanced low-energy spin-isospin strength at finite temperature, in particular, to the contribution of the first-forbidden transitions.
The proton electrochemical gradient induces a kinetic asymmetry in the symport cycle of LacY

LacY catalyzes accumulation of galactosides against a concentration gradient by coupling galactoside and H+ transport (i.e., symport). While alternating access of sugar- and H+-binding sites to either side of the membrane is driven by binding and dissociation of sugar, the electrochemical H+ gradient ([Formula: see text]) functions kinetically by decreasing the Km for influx 50- to 100-fold with no change in Kd The affinity of protonated LacY for sugar has an apparent pK (pKapp) of ∼10.5, due specifically to the pKa of Glu325, a residue that plays an irreplaceable role in coupling. In this study, rates of lactose/H+ efflux were measured from pH 5.0 to 9.0 in the absence or presence of a membrane potential (ΔΨ, interior positive), and the effect of the imposed ΔΨ on the kinetics of efflux was also studied in right-side-out membrane vesicles. The findings reveal that [Formula: see text] induces an asymmetry in the transport cycle based on the following observations: 1) the efflux rate of WT LacY exhibits a pKapp of ∼7.2 that is unaffected by the imposed ΔΨ; 2) ΔΨ increases the rate of efflux at all tested pH values, but enhancement is almost 2 orders of magnitude less than observed for influx; 3) mutant Glu325 - Ala does little or no efflux in the absence or presence of ΔΨ, and ambient pH has no effect; and 4) the effect of ΔΨ (interior positive) on the Km for efflux is almost insignificant relative to the 50- to 100-fold decrease in the Km for influx driven by ΔΨ (interior negative).
Percutaneous Drainage of Severe Complications of Pancreatitis

Percutaneous needling and catheterization guided by radiologic imaging have become well-accepted and valuable adjuncts for the treatment of complications of pancreatitis. Diagnostic aspiration of pancreatic collections has value in establishing the presence of infection. Catheter drainage is a safe and efficacious method to treat infected and noninfected pancreatic pseudocysts. Percutaneous drainage usually is beneficial with pancreatic abscess as well (Fig. 1). Pancreatic necrosis can be quite problematic, and pancreatic phlegmon is generally not in the purview of catheter drainage. This article will focus on the indications, problems, and role of catheter drainage for the severe complications of pancreatitis — pseudocyst, abscess, and necrosis.
The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based practices in the HEALing Communities Study.

Abstract Background The number of opioid-involved overdose deaths in the United States remains a national crisis. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) will test whether Communities That HEAL (CTH), a community-engaged intervention, can decrease opioid-involved deaths in intervention communities (n = 33), relative to wait-list communities (n = 34), from four states. The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. A key challenge was delineating an EBP implementation approach useful for all HCS communities. Methods A workgroup composed of EBP experts from HCS research sites used literature reviews and expert consensus to: 1) compile strategies and associated resources for implementing EBPs primarily targeting individuals 18 and older; and 2) determine allowable community flexibility in EBP implementation. The workgroup developed the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) to organize EBP strategies and resources to facilitate EBP implementation. Conclusions The ORCCA includes required and recommended EBP strategies, priority populations, and community settings. Each EBP has a “menu” of strategies from which communities can select and implement with a minimum of five strategies required: one for OEND, three for MOUD, and one for prescription opioid safety. Identification and engagement of high-risk populations in OEND and MOUD is an ORCCArequirement. To ensure CTH has community-wide impact, implementation of at least one EBP strategy is required in healthcare, behavioral health, and criminal justice settings, with communities identifying particular organizations to engage in HCS-facilitated EBP implementation.
Asymptotic Closed-Loop Design Of Transform Modes For The Inter-Prediction Residual In Video Coding

Transform coding is a key component of video coders, tasked with spatial decorrelation of the prediction residual. There is growing interest in adapting the transform to local statistics of the inter-prediction residual, going beyond a few standard trigonometric transforms. However, the joint design of multiple transform modes is highly challenging due to critical stability problems inherent to feedback through the codec’s prediction loop, wherein training updates inadvertently impact the signal statistics the transform ultimately operates on, and are often counter-productive (and sometimes catastrophic). It is the premise of this work that a truly effective switched transform design procedure must account for and circumvent this shortcoming. We introduce a data-driven approach to design optimal transform modes for adaptive switching by the encoder. Most importantly, to overcome the critical stability issues, the approach is derived within an asymptotic closed loop (ACL) design framework, wherein each iteration operates in an effective open loop, and is thus inherently stable, but with a subterfuge that ensures that, asymptotically, the design approaches closed loop operation, as required for the ultimate coder operation. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed optimization paradigm which yields significant performance gains over the state-of-the-art.
Ribosome assembly factors modulate the RNA folding landscape to prevent misfolding

Abstract Ribosomes are among the largest folded RNAs, whose function depends on their structure. Nonetheless, in vitro studies indicate a propensity of rRNAs to misfold. We use a combination of DMS-MaPseq, structural analyses, biochemical experiments, and yeast genetics to dissect the final RNA folding steps of the small ribosomal subunit head. Our data demonstrate how a succession of assembly factors prevent the early folding of an RNA loop, thereby allowing an adjacent helical junction to fold first. Deletion of the assembly factors to allow the loop to fold first traps a misfolded junction, demonstrating how assembly factors modulate the folding pathway to enable challenging motifs to fold independent of their interaction partners and guide folding to the native structure. Analysis of ribosome intermediate structures indicates that this role for assembly factors is ubiquitous and suggests that helical junctions present significant obstacles to folding.