cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constitutive Equations of Piezoelectric Layered Beams With Interdigitated Electrodes

This paper establishes the constitutive equations, or linear two-port models, of piezoelectric layered beams with interdigital electrodes (IDEs). The effect of the nontrivial field on the transduction is analyzed. Based on conformal mapping techniques, we derive new analytic expressions for the capacitance, the electric field, and the electromechanical coupling factor of an anisotropic dielectric with the IDE configuration on top. The IDE capacitance with an anisotropic permittivity can be treated as the one with an isotropic permittivity. The complex expression for the nonuniform field is simplified to a quadratic form. A correction is required for the transducer’s coupling constant. All modifications are expressed analytically. The analytic models are verified against the finite element method. Finally, the two-port models help to compare the devices with other electrode configurations, such as beams with a top and bottom electrode.
Vertical and horizontal peripheral vision in male and female athletes and nonathletes.

Abstract Current learning theories stress input or the sensory apparatus as an important facet of learning and performance. The present study investigated the differences between athletes and nonathletes on vertical and horizontal vision and the relationship between sex and field of vision in both the athlete and nonathlete. The subjects were 132 Florida State University students. There were 53 male athletes, 29 female athletes, 25 male nonathletes, and 25 female nonathletes. The subjects maximum field of vision was tested with a standard Bausch and Lomb perimeter whose depth measured 13 in. The results of the ANOVA support the hypothesis that both the vertical and horizontal fields of vision are superior for athletes compared to nonathletes. In addition, there are no sex differences within athletes and nonathletes except in the vertical range. Females demonstrated greater high vertical range of vision.
Comparison of Traditional and Molecular Methods for Detection of Renibacterium Salmoninarum

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum occurs in most parts of the world where wild or cultured salmonid fishes are present. Several extensive reviews have been written on the pathogen and the disease (Fryer and Sanders, 1981; Austin and Austin, 1987; Elliott et al., 1989; Evelyn, 1993; Evenden et al., 1993; Fryer and Lannan, 1993). Bacterial kidney disease can cause serious mortality in juvenile salmonids in both fresh water and seawater, and also in prespawning adults. Although the chronic nature of the disease has hindered accurate estimates of fish losses, particularly in feral fish populations, BKD is one the most important bacterial diseases affecting cultured salmonids, with reported losses as high as 80% in stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and 40% in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Evenden et al., 1993).
Ordinal Arithmetic with List Structures

We provide a set of \natural" requirements for well-orderings of (binary) list structures. We show that the resultant order-type is the successor of the rst critical epsilon number. The checker has to verify that the process comes to an end. Here again he should be assisted by the programmer giving a further de nite assertion to be veri ed. This may take the form of a quantity which is asserted to decrease continually and vanish when the machine stops. To the pure mathematician it is natural to give an ordinal number. In this problem the ordinal might be (n r)! + (r s)! + k. A less highbrow form of the same thing would be to give the integer 2(n r) + 2(r s) + k. |Alan M. Turing (1949)
The Composition of the Crust

This paper criticizes two estimates of the composition of the continental crust. One, based on material balance, is shown to be subject to the difficulties of not knowing the true volume and composition of sedimentary rocks and to the indiscriminate nature of the computer program as far as choosing between data of various quality and quantity. The other, based on balancing the rare-earth composition of shales with proportions of granite and basalt is shown to be in error because of the similarity of basalt and granite distribution patterns indicated by more recent data. Indeed, ocean floor spreading and arguments involving the isotopic composition and oxidation state of mantle-derived rocks indicate that the upper mantle and the sedimentary and crystalline crust are all connected in a cyclic manner, making knowledge of the composition of the crust more difficult to ascertain.
Just too different: normative properties and natural properties

Many normative nonnaturalists find normative naturalism to be completely implausible. Naturalists and nonnaturalists agree, provided they are realists, that there are normative properties, such as moral ones. Naturalists hold that these properties are similar in all metaphysically important respects to properties that all would agree to be natural ones, such as such as meteorological or economic ones. It is this view that the nonnaturalists I have in mind find to be hopeless. They hold that normative properties are just too different from natural properties for it to be possible they are natural properties. I aim to defuse this intuition. “Non-analytic naturalism” has made progress in defusing the intution. According to non-analytic naturalists, normative properties can be represented in thought in two ways, by an ordinary normative concept and by a naturalistic concept, where, the non-analytic naturalist concedes, normative concepts are not, and are not analyzable in terms of, naturalistic concepts. Non-analytic naturalism seems to avoid many of the standard objections to naturalism, but the Just Too Different intuition is resilient in the face of non-analytic naturalism, for even if one thinks that normative concepts are not analyzable at all, one might think that clarity about the concepts can show that naturalism is hopeless. I therefore think it is important for naturalists to address the intuition directly. In this paper, I argue that the intuition plausibly rests on certain characteristic pre-theoretical ways of thinking of the normative properties that we acquire in the ordinary course of moral learning, together with a drive to vindicate these ways of thinking, something of which people may be unaware. This drive to vindicate our ways of thinking is pervasive, and it is characteristic of rational agents. It explains our tendency to think well of those we love, for example, and to think ill of those with whom we are angry. It also explains a strong inclination to form beliefs that, if true, would seemingly vindicate our ways of thinking of normative properties. A result of this, I contend, is the intuition that normative naturalism cannot be true. Yet, as I further argue, the vindication process does not track the truth and the drive to vindicate our states of mind cannot be relied on as a guide to the metaphysics of normativity.
A Novel Pattern-Frequency Tree for Multisensor Signal Fusion and Transition Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics

Many real-word systems exhibit nonlinear and nonstationary dynamics, which defy understanding based on the traditional reductionist's approach. However, traditional analytical methods designed to effectively handle nonlinear dynamics are not well integrated with multisensor data fusion for process monitoring and control objectives. Realizing full potentials of multiple sensor signals calls upon the development of new methods for anomaly detection and transition analysis of nonlinear dynamics in complex systems. This article presents a novel pattern-frequency tree (PFT) approach for multisensor signal fusion and dynamic transition analysis. We leverage both pattern and frequency information in the PFT model to develop efficient algorithms for modeling and analysis of abnormal transitions in the nonlinear state space. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PFT method achieves a superior performance for multisensor data fusion and anomaly detection in nonlinear dynamical systems.
Early Paleogene brackish-water molluscs from the Caballas Formation of the East Pisco Basin (Southern Peru)

Shell beds from the Caballas Formation in the East Pisco Basin of southern Peru have yielded an assemblage of molluscs numerically dominated by oysters and cerithioid and eulimid gastropods, with l...
Weight perception and perceived attractiveness associated with self-rated health in young adults

Abstract Self-rated health (SRH) is a widely used and valid marker of overall health and wellbeing and demographic differences in SRH are well-established. To date, few studies have examined how multiple components of body image shape young adults' SRH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of weight perception and perceived attractiveness on SRH among young adults. Data were from Wave IV (2007–2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and young women and men ages 24–34 were analyzed (n = 7044 women, n = 6594 men) in April 2018. All analyses were weighted and stratified by gender. Design-based F test and ordinal multinomial logistic regression were used. For both genders, relative to Whites, Hispanic, Black, and Asian young adults reported poorer health; women and men with higher education and income reported better health. Independent of measured body mass index (BMI), young adults who thought they were underweight or overweight reported poorer health relative to those who thought their weight was normal. Both young women and young men who thought they were more attractive also reported better health. This study demonstrates that weight status, perceived weight status, and perceived attractiveness independently impact SRH for both young men and women controlling for race/ethnicity, nativity status, marital status, education, income, and number of health conditions.
Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations of Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Regularity With Metabolic Abnormalities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVE To cross-sectionally and prospectively investigate the association between irregular sleep patterns, a potential marker for circadian disruption, and metabolic abnormalities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, participants completed 7-day actigraphy at exam 5 (2010–2013) and were prospectively followed throughout exam 6 (2016 to 2017). Sleep regularity was quantified by the 7-day SD of actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and sleep onset timing. Metabolic abnormalities were defined by 1 ) the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and 2 ) a data-driven clustering of metabolic factors. RESULTS In the exam 5 cross-sectional analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors ( n = 2,003), every 1-h increase in the sleep duration SD was associated with 27% (95% CI 1.10, 1.47) higher odds of metabolic syndrome, and every 1-h increase in the sleep timing SD was associated with 23% (95% CI 1.06, 1.42) higher odds. The associations remained significant, with additional adjustment for sleep-related factors including sleep duration. In the prospective analysis ( n = 970), the corresponding fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) was 1.27 (0.97, 1.65) for sleep duration and 1.36 (1.03, 1.80) for sleep timing. Compared with the cluster of few metabolic changes, every 1-h increase in sleep variability was associated with almost doubled odds for the cluster characterized by incidence of multiple metabolic abnormalities (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.18, 3.30] for sleep duration and OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.25, 3.53] for sleep timing). CONCLUSIONS Increased variability in sleep duration and timing was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of metabolic abnormalities even after considering sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
NOTES TOWARDS A POLITICS OF "AMERICAN" CRITICISM

A meditation on the nature of oppositional criticism and the problems of opposition within and to the discipline and discourse of "American Studies".
USE OF TAVR IN AN LTGA PATIENT WITH SEVERE LOW FLOW LOW GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS

L-transposition of the great arteries (LTGA) is a congenital heart defect with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. Evaluation and treatment of LTGA patients is complicated by unique anatomy and physiology. A 63 year old man with history of LTGA and complete heart block with
Warfare and Warfarin: Chokepoints, Clotting and Vascular Geopolitics

Chokepoints are essential elements of systems centred on the regulation of flow. Geophysical chokepoints, sites of topographic narrowing, play a key role in what I call ‘vascular geopolitics’, or g...
PIM-Aligner: a processing-in-MRAM platform for biological sequence alignment

In this paper, we propose a high-throughput and energy-efficient Processing-in-Memory accelerator (PIM-Aligner) to execute DNA short read alignment based on an optimized and hardware-friendly alignment algorithm. We first reconstruct the existing sequence alignment algorithm based on BWT and FM-index such that it can be fully implemented in PIM platforms. It supports exact alignment and also handles mismatches to reduce excessive backtracking. We then develop PIM-Aligner platform that transforms SOT-MRAM array to a potential computational memory to accelerate the reconstructed alignment-in-memory algorithm incurring a low cost on top of original SOT-MRAM chips (less than 10% of chip area). Accordingly, we present a local data partitioning, mapping, and pipeline technique to maximize the parallelism in multiple computational sub-array while doing the alignment task. The simulation results show that PIM-Aligner outperforms recent platforms based on dynamic programming with ∼ 3.1× higher throughput per Watt. Besides, PIM-Aligner improves the short read alignment throughput per Watt per mm2 by ∼ 9× and 1.9× compared to FM-index-based ASIC and processing-in-ReRAM designs, respectively.
Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia as an initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma coupled with end-stage liver cirrhosis: A case report and review of literature.

Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia as an initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma coupled with end-stage liver cirrhosis: A case report and review of literature
FastClone is a probabilistic tool for deconvoluting tumor heterogeneity in bulk-sequencing samples.

Dissecting tumor heterogeneity is a key to understanding the complex mechanisms underlying drug resistance in cancers. The rich literature of pioneering studies on tumor heterogeneity analysis spurred a recent community-wide benchmark study that compares diverse modeling algorithms. Here we present FastClone, a top-performing algorithm in accuracy in this benchmark. FastClone improves over existing methods by allowing the deconvolution of subclones that have independent copy number variation events within the same chromosome regions. We characterize the behavior of FastClone in identifying subclones using stage III colon cancer primary tumor samples as well as simulated data. It achieves approximately 100-fold acceleration in computation for both simulated and patient data. The efficacy of FastClone will allow its application to large-scale data and clinical data, and facilitate personalized medicine in cancers. Multiple algorithms exist for predicting heterogeneity and clonal architecture from the bulk sequencing of tumor tissue. Here, the authors report on an algorithm, FastClone, which was developed from a DREAM challenge and show that FastClone can accurately predict clonality in simulated data and data from colon cancer.
HCC surveillance after SVR in patients with F3/F4 fibrosis

HCV eradication by antiviral treatment reduces but does not eliminate HCC risk. Patients with established cirrhosis require HCC surveillance "indefinitely" after sustained virologic response (SVR) because they appear to have a high risk of HCC even many years after SVR. Patients without established or known cirrhosis may still require surveillance after SVR if they have a sufficiently high HCC risk. In all patients who achieve SVR, the key question is how we can reliably estimate HCC risk, and the change in HCC risk over time, to determine whether the patient might benefit from HCC surveillance. HCC risk is one of the most important factors that should inform decisions of whether and how to screen for HCC. Promising strategies for estimating HCC risk include simplified scoring systems (such as fibrosis-4), liver elastography and multivariable HCC risk calculators. Such tools may enable risk stratification and individualised, risk-based surveillance strategies ("precision HCC screening") in the future.
Modes of Governing: The Garrison-Entrepot

A drive along the roads that link the various nation-states of the Chad Basin can be a treacherous affair. One is constantly swerving and veering to avoid the craters in the few main paved roads and to negotiate the ruts and troughs that mark the secondary dirt roads. Certain regions are particularly perilous, being well-known for encounters with armed road gangs which set up roadblocks and brandish home-made rifles, and especially Kalashnikovs, in their quest for money and valuables. Limited in their scope, these road gangs, known locally as les coupeurs de route (those who cut off the roads), are nonetheless a regional phenomenon linked to transnational flows. They are comprised of all nationals of the Chad Basin – Nigerians, Cameroonians, Chadians, and citizens of the Central African Republic and Niger (and perhaps itinerant Senegalese or Sudanese). They are connected into the regional and inter-national markets in small arms and money counterfeiting. And they establish and participate in a network of economic exchanges and employment relations that found a significant mode of accumulation in the region. The latter extends beyond the violent forms of appropriation associated with organized gangs working the roads. It also consists of a host of unregulated economic activities that have rendered the bush and international borders spaces of big business, including the smuggling of hard-ware, electronics, and dry goods, as well as the trade in black market petrol, stolen four-wheel-drive vehicles, ivory, rhinoceros horns, and gold. As one ex-military man, who was discharged and imprisoned for having allegedly sold his weapon to a coupeur de route, put it: ‘‘Over time, I understood that even if the border zones are poor, one nonetheless makes big money there.’’
Experimental Infection of North American Sheep with Ehrlichia ruminantium

Ehrlichia ruminantium, a tick-borne rickettsial, causes heartwater in ruminants resulting from vascular damage. Severity of heartwater varies greatly in ruminant species and breeds, age of animals and for diverse geographic E. ruminantium strains. E. ruminantium and a tick vector, Amblyomma variegatum, originating from Africa, are well established in certain Caribbean islands two centuries ago. Besides the possibility of introduction of heartwater through African exotic animal importation, presence of the pathogen, and the tick vector in the Caribbean pose a high risk to ruminants in the USA and other western hemisphere countries. Scientific evidence supporting the heartwater threat to nonendemic regions, however, is lacking. We describe the first infection study in sheep reared in the USA with seven E. ruminantium strains. All infected sheep exhibited clinical signs characteristic of subacute to subclinical disease, which included labored breathing, depression, coughing, and nasal discharges. Gross and microscopic lesions consistent with heartwater disease including edema and hemorrhage were observed in several organs. Pathogen-specific IgG antibody response was detected in animals infected with all seven strains, while molecular analysis confirmed the pathogen presence only when infected with in vitro cultures. This is the first infection study demonstrating severe heartwater in sheep reared in North America.
Computational Hardness of the Hylland-Zeckhauser Scheme.

We study the complexity of the classic Hylland-Zeckhauser scheme [HZ'79] for one-sided matching markets. We show that the problem of finding an $\epsilon$-approximate equilibrium in the HZ scheme is PPAD-hard, and this holds even when $\epsilon$ is polynomially small and when each agent has no more than four distinct utility values. Our hardness result, when combined with the PPAD membership result of [VY'21], resolves the approximation complexity of the HZ scheme. We also show that the problem of approximating the optimal social welfare (the weight of the matching) achievable by HZ equilibria within a certain constant factor is NP-hard.
A Randomized Clinical Hypnosis Pilot Study: Improvements in Self-Reported Pain Impact in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by recurrent painful vasoocclusive crises. Current evidence focuses on the frequency of acute pain crises resulting in emergency department use and nonplanned inpatient hospital admissions; yet few studies focus on pain sequelae outside the healthcare system or how individuals self-manage their chronic SCD-related pain. This study investigated the feasibility of a biobehavioral intervention as an adjunct nonpharmacological therapy to assist in the self-management of chronic pain. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of hypnosis was conducted in outpatients with SCD (n = 31). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) administered at baseline, five, and twelve weeks from both groups included pain frequency, intensity, and quality (Pain Impact Scale (PIQ) and Numerical Rating Scales); anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), coping strategies (Coping Strategies Scale), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)). The same PROs were collected at weeks seventeen and twenty-four from the control group after the crossover. No significant group by time interaction effects were found in any of the PROs based on the repeated-measures mixed models. The PIQ and PSQI scores decreased over time in both groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni adjustment indicated that the mean PIQ score at baseline decreased significantly by week 12 (p = 0.01) in the hypnosis group. There were no significant changes across time before and after the crossover in any of the PROs in the control group. As suggested by these findings, pain impact and sleep in individuals with SCD may be improved through guided mind-body and self-care approaches such as hypnosis.
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Basilar Artery Occlusion Thrombectomies (4112)

Objective: To better characterize symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in basilar artery thrombectomies. Background: sICH is one of the most feared complications in endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke. This is well described in large vessel occlusions (LVO) involving the anterior circulation, but not the posterior circulation. Design/Methods: We included all patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the basilar artery who underwent endovascular thrombectomy at a comprehensive stroke center from 2012–2019. sICH was defined as any type of intracranial hemorrhage with an increase of ≥4 NIHSS from baseline within 24 hours or leading to death. Data was analyzed using univariate tests and multivariate regression analysis. Results: A total of 100 basilar artery strokes underwent thrombectomy during the study period. Mean age was 64.6 +/−17 years and median NIHSS score was 20 (10–27). Mean time from last known well to arrival was 13.7 +/−17 hours and TICI >=2B was achieved in 90% (90). Of those with intracranial hemorrhage on interval CT head or MRI- intraparenchymal hemorrhage was present in 89% (34), subarachnoid hemorrhage in 8% (3), and intraventricular hemorrhage in 3% (1). sICH was found in 6% (6). Most common location of intracranial hemorrhage was 47% (18) in the cerebellum, 26% (10) in thalamus, 18% (7) in the occipital lobe, and 24% (9) in midbrain and pons. On multivariable regression analysis, predictors of any intracranial hemorrhage include lower pc-ASPECTS [OR−0.66 (0.46–0.95)]. Rate of mRS 0–2 at 90 days was 34% and mortality was 40%. Conclusions: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 6% of patients undergoing thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion. Lower pc-ASPECTS is an independent predictor of sICH. Most common hemorrhage type was intra-parenchymal and location was cerebellum. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings. Disclosure: Dr. Banyas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aziz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Desai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tonetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose.
Structure-function relationships of the human vertebral endplate.

Background Although deformation and fracture of the vertebral endplate have been implicated in spinal conditions such as vertebral fracture and disc degeneration, few biomechanical studies of this structure are available. The goal of this study was to quantify the mechanical behavior of the vertebral endplate. Methods Eight-five rectangular specimens were dissected from the superior and/or inferior central endplates of human lumbar spine segments L1 to L4. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging, four-point-bend testing, and ashing were performed to quantify the apparent elastic modulus and yield stress (modulus and yield stress, respectively, of the porous vertebral endplate), tissue yield stress (yield stress of the tissue of the vertebral endplate, excluding pores), ultimate strain, fracture strain, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and various measures of tissue density and composition (tissue mineral density, ash fraction, and ash density). Regression was used to assess the dependence of mechanical properties on density and composition. Results Wide variations in elastic and failure properties, and in density and tissue composition, were observed. BMD and BV/TV were good predictors of many of the apparent-level mechanical properties, including modulus, yield stress, and in the case of the inferior vertebral endplate, failure strains. Similar values of the mechanical properties were noted between superior and inferior vertebral endplates. In contrast to the dependence of apparent stiffness and strength on BMD and BV/TV, none of the mechanical properties depended on any of the tissue-level density measurements. Conclusion The dependence of many of the mechanical properties of the vertebral endplate on BV/TV and BMD suggests possibilities for noninvasive assessment of how this region of the spine behaves during habitual and injurious loading. Further study of the nonmineral components of the endplate tissue is required to understand how the composition of this tissue may influence the overall mechanical behavior of the vertebral endplate.
Cryoanalgesia is Associated With Decreased Postoperative Opioid Use in Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum.

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain control is challenging after pectus excavatum repair. We aimed to understand the impact that cryoanalgesia had on opioid utilization and outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients (< 18 y) who underwent MIRPE (2011-2019). Patients receiving cryoanalgesia were compared to those who did not. The primary outcome was total postoperative, inpatient, opioid use, measured as milligrams of oral morphine equivalents per kilogram (OME/kg). Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS Of 35 patients, 20 received cryoanalgesia (57%). Baseline characteristics were similar. Patients who received cryoanalgesia had a lower opioid requirement: median 2.3 mg OME/kg (IQR 1.2-3.1), versus 4.9 mg OME/kg (IQR 2.9-5.8), P < 0.001. Accounting for receipt of cryoanalgesia, epidural, and/or patient-controlled analgesia, cryoanalgesia was associated with a 3.3 mg OME/kg reduction in opioid use (P < 0.001). Median length of stay (LOS) was shorter in cryoanalgesia patients: 3.1 d (IQR 2.3-3.4), versus 5.1 d (IQR 4.3-5.4), P < 0.001. Complications within 90 d were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Cryoanalgesia is an effective adjunctive pain control modality for patients undergoing MIRPE. Use of cryoanalgesia was associated with lower postoperative opioid requirements and shorter LOS, without increased short-term complications, and should be considered for enhanced recovery after MIRPE.
From Miranda to Mezzanatto: The Economics of Self Incrimination

This paper uses the economic approach to address a recent legal question involving self incrimination: what is the e ect of allowing a defendant to waive his right to exclude statements he makes during plea bargaining from evidence at trial if plea bargaining fails? This was the issue in the 1995 Mezzanatto Supreme Court decision. What is the reason for such waivers, and do they increase or decrease the amount of plea bargaining? I suggest that the waivers have two functions in \cooperation bargaining" as opposed to \penalty bargaining": (a) increasing the incentive of the defendant to provide the full cooperation he promises in return for leniency, and (b) increasing the reliability of the information the defendant provides. Indiana University School of Business, Rm. 456, 1309 E 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-1701. Secretary: 812-855-9219. Direct: 812-855-3356. Fax: 812-855-3354. Email: Erasmuse@indiana.edu. Web: Php.indiana.edu/ erasmuse. I would like to thank Richard Friedman for suggesting to me that Mezzanatto could bene t from game theory, and John Maxwell, John Wiley, and participants in the Indiana Business Economics and Public Policy seminar, the Indiana Law and Econ Lunch Bunch, and the January 1997 AALS meetings for helpful comments.
Combined corpus callosotomy and intracranial recordings to localize the epileptogenic zone in children

Corpus callosotomy, or surgical disconnection of the corpus callosum, is an operation used for patients with medi- cally intractable epilepsy that reduces seizure frequency and severity in a number of different seizure types, particularly drop attacks. Though typically thought of as a palliative operation for epilepsies without a localizable epileptic focus, previous work has demonstrated that callosotomy alters the dynamics of seizure spread and in some cases can reveal previously undiscovered epileptic foci on follow-up electroencephalography or electrocorticography. In recent years, several case reports and case series demonstrate use of callosotomy as an aid to seizure localization in cases where traditional techniques have failed. In this manu- script, we describe the emerging literature describing callosotomy as an aid to seizure localization.
Histone Deacetylase Activity Assay

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the e-amino groups of conserved lysine residues in the amino terminal tail of histones. Accumulating evidence suggests that many, if not all, HDACs can also deacetylate nonhistone proteins. Through deacetylating histones and nonhistone proteins, HDACs regulate a variety of cellular processes including gene transcription, cell differentiation, DNA damage responses, and apoptosis. Aberrant HDACs are implicated in many human diseases and, therefore, it is important to have a consistent and reliable assay for analyzing HDAC activities. The focus of this chapter is to provide up-to-date, easy-to-follow, approaches and techniques, for the assay of HDAC enzymatic activities.
Per-flow delay performance in traffic aggregates

Class-based traffic treatment frameworks such as differentiated service (DiffServ) have been proposed to resolve the poor scalability problem in the flow-based approach. Although the performance is differentiated in a class-based basis, the performance seen by individual flows in the same class may differ from that seen by the class and has not been well understood. We investigate this issue by simulation in a single node under FIFO, static priority, waiting time priority, and weighted fair queueing scheduling schemes. Our results indicate that such performance discrepancy occurs especially when flows joining the same class are heterogeneous, which is not uncommon considering that the same type of applications can generate traffic having very different statistical behaviors such as video traffic with different activity levels, or voice traffic with different compression schemes. We found that per-flow delay statistics, including the average and the 99/sup th/ percentile delay, can be very different from the corresponding class delay statistics, depending on flow burstiness, overall traffic load, as well as the queue discipline. We also propose a solution to reduce the mean delay variance experienced by flows in the same class.
Simulation of pyramid architecture on the connection machine and implementation of algorithms

Many parallel architectures have been proposed to meet the high computational requirement of image processing and computer vision. SIMD pyramid architectures have been proposed to efficiently implement several classes of vision tasks such as multiresolution and top-down/bottom up algorithms. In this paper, a pyramid simulation environment implemented on the Connection Machine (CM) is presented. Discussion of the mapping scheme and the basic features of the simulator along with implementation of several pyramid algorithms using the simulator is presented. >
Phase 2 trial of oxaliplatin and pemetrexed as an induction regimen in locally advanced head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: This phase 2 trial evaluated the tolerability and clinical efficacy of the combination of oxaliplatin and pemetrexed as an induction chemotherapy regimen in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: Forty-two patients were enrolled in the study. Patients received pemetrexed 300 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV every 14 days for a total of 4 cycles. A subset of patients consented to correlative studies including tumor tissue for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and expression of DNA repair genes that may be predictive of response or resistance to oxaliplatin or pemetrexed. RESULTS: Response data were available for 40 patients. Eighteen had a partial response, and 1 had a complete response, for a response rate of 47.5%. Patients with HPV+ disease demonstrated superior response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The regimen was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 1 or 2 alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase elevation. One patient had grade 5 toxicity with neutropenia and sepsis. The authors did not identify genes predictive of response or toxicity, although HPV+ tumors demonstrated a unique gene expression signature. CONCLUSIONS: Although the response rate of oxaliplatin and pemetrexed proved less than anticipated, the combination remains an active induction regimen in HNSCC. This regimen should be evaluated further in combination with targeted agents, such as cetuximab, especially in the HPV+ patient population. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Asteroseismology of White Dwarf Stars With the Whole Earth Telescope

The Whole Earth Telescope (WET) project is a cooperative effort to obtain global time-series photometry of compact variable stars. The aim of WET is to obtain essentially continuous light curves, from which we compute high-resolution, high signal-to-noise power-spectra. These enable us to apply the powerful theoretical machinery of asteroseismology to determine many of the fundamental parameters of white dwarf stars: rotation rates, magnetic field strengths, total mass, compositional stratification of the envelope, core composition, and more.
Masked Failure Data

We discuss life-testing situations in which some of the failures are not identified as being due to a single cause, but are rather explained by one of the causes in a group. Failures of this type are called masked. Within this framework, we discuss the problems of modeling, estimation, and diagnostics. Such problems involve, for example, identification of survival curves for individual causes, or estimation of parameters related to conditions under which masking occurs. Another class of problems is related to the impact of masking on root-cause analysis of individual failures. We also discuss the impact of masking on quality and reliability management issues. Keywords: censoring; competing risks; life testing; reliability; root-cause analysis
Branching of lung epithelium in vitro occurs in the absence of endothelial cells.

Background: Early lung morphogenesis is driven by tissue interactions. Signals from the lung mesenchyme drive epithelial morphogenesis, but which individual mesenchymal cell types are influencing early epithelial branching and differentiation remains unclear. It has been shown that endothelial cells are involved in epithelial repair and regeneration in the adult lung, and they may also play a role in driving early lung epithelial branching. These data, in combination with evidence that endothelial cells influence early morphogenetic events in the liver and pancreas, led us to hypothesize that endothelial cells are necessary for early lung epithelial branching. Results: We blocked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in embryonic day (E) 12.5 lung explants with three different VEGF receptor inhibitors (SU5416, Ki8751, and KRN633) and found that in all cases the epithelium was able to branch despite the loss of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found that distal lung mesenchyme depleted of endothelial cells retained its ability to induce terminal branching when recombined with isolated distal lung epithelium (LgE). Additionally, isolated E12.5 primary mouse lung endothelial cells, or human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L), were not able to induce branching when recombined with LgE. Conclusions: Our observations support the conclusion that endothelial cells are not required for early lung branching. Developmental Dynamics 244:553–563, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reflections on a Century of Malaria Biochemistry

Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and an enormous public health problem. Each year it causes disease in approximately 650 million people and kills between 1 and 3 million, most of them young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book provides an overview of the research that has been done in malaria biochemistry in the quest to find a cure. It discusses how our understanding has helped us to develop better diagnostics and novel chemotherapies. Researchers will find having all of this information in one volume, annotated with personal reflections from a leader in the field, invaluable given the big push being made on various fronts to use the latest drug discovery tools to attack malaria and other developing country diseases. * Reviews the past 100 years of malaria biochemistry research providing researchers with an overview of the investigations that have been undertaken in this field Benefit: Allows researchers to see what progress has been made so that they can use this knowledge when trying to develop the latest drug discovery tools to attack malaria * Chronicles both biochemical successes and failures Benefit: Allows researchers to see what has and hasn't work which they can then apply in their own research
Community-wide validation of geospace model ground magnetic field perturbation predictions to support model transition to operations

In this paper we continue the community-wide rigorous modern space weather model validation efforts carried out within GEM, CEDAR and SHINE programs. In this particular effort, in coordination among the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), modelers, and science community, we focus on studying the models' capability to reproduce observed ground magnetic field fluctuations, which are closely related to geomagnetically induced current phenomenon. One of the primary motivations of the work is to support NOAA SWPC in their selection of the next numerical model that will be transitioned into operations. Six geomagnetic events and 12 geomagnetic observatories were selected for validation.While modeled and observed magnetic field time series are available for all 12 stations, the primary metrics analysis is based on six stations that were selected to represent the high-latitude and mid-latitude locations. Events-based analysis and the corresponding contingency tables were built for each event and each station. The elements in the contingency table were then used to calculate Probability of Detection (POD), Probability of False Detection (POFD) and Heidke Skill Score (HSS) for rigorous quantification of the models' performance. In this paper the summary results of the metrics analyses are reported in terms of POD, POFD and HSS. More detailed analyses can be carried out using the event by event contingency tables provided as an online appendix. An online interface built at CCMC and described in the supporting information is also available for more detailed time series analyses.
New data structures for subgraph connectivity

We study the "subgraph connectivity" problem for undirected graphs with sublinear vertex update time. In this problem, we can make vertices active or inactive in a graph G, and answer the connectivity between two vertices in the subgraph of G induced by the active vertices. Two open problems in subgraph connectivity are solved in this paper. We give the first subgraph connectivity structure with worst-case sublinear time bounds for both updates and queries. Our worst-case subgraph connectivity structure supports O (m4/5) update time, O(m1/5) query time and occupies O(m) space, where m is the number of edges in the whole graph G. In the second part of our paper, we describe another dynamic subgraph connectivity structure with amortized O (m2/3) update time, O(m1/3) query time and linear space, which improves the structure introduced by [Chan, Patrascu, Roditty, FOCS'08] that takes O(m4/3) space.
Early creativity as a constraint on future achievement

Most organizations, particularly those in volatile environments, recognize the need to stimulate creativity in their workforce because new and useful ideas can be highly profitable (Shalley & Perry-Smith, 2001). It is not surprising, then, that employees or teams that manage to develop a highly creative idea are rewarded with greater pay, recognition, and status (Merton, 1968). However, a highly successful creative idea also may lead to frustration, unmet expectations, and failed attempts to replicate success by producing poor imitations of one's early work. In other words, early creativity may constrain future achievement as people buckle under the weight of their past success. There is abundant evidence that success can stifle creativity from biographies of eminent novelists. For instance, Ralph Ellison never produced another novel after the Invisible Man despite years of broken promises (and book contracts) that never materialized. It would appear that Harper Lee did not even make such an attempt; she retired shortly after writing her Pulitzer Prize–winning novel, To Kill A Mockingbird . This decision may have been a rational one on her part because even prolific writers seem to have trouble replicating early career success. For example, there was a 32-year gap between Norman Mailer's iconic first novel, The Naked and the Dead (1948), and his next critical and commercial hit, The Executioner's Song (1980). Furthermore, the constraining effects of creativity are not restricted to writers but may be a consequence of success in many fields.
Anthocyanins and Cancer Prevention

Anthocyanins are members of a class of flavonoid compounds commonly known as plant polyphenols. They are responsible for the blue, purple, red and intermediate colors of many flowers, leaves, vegetables and fruits, especially berries. The daily intake of anthocyanins in the United States diet is estimated to be about 200 mg or about 9-fold higher than that of other dietary flavonoids. Anthocyanins have been evaluated for chemopreventive potential, both in cell cultures and in animal model tumor systems. Limited information on their chemopreventive effects is also available from epidemiological studies. This chapter summarizes the chemistry, synthesis and bioavailability of anthocyanins and the latest developments regarding their anti-carcinogenic effects in cell cultures and in animal model systems. The chemopreventive activity of protocatechuic acid (PCA), one of the most abundant metabolites of anthocyanins, is also discussed due to its prominent role in the overall inhibitory effects of anthocyanins. We suggest that PCA be further evaluated for chemoprevention in animal model systems and in humans in view of its relatively low toxicity and commercial availability.
Two Issues in Public Key Cryptography: RSA Bit Security and a New Knapsack Type System

This book explores public key cryptographic systems, first investigating the question of cryptographic security of bits in the RSA encryption and then constructing a new knapsack type public key cryptosystem, based on arithmetic in finite fields.In Part I, two problems involving the RSA encryption of a message are proved to be equivalent. This equivalence implies that an adversary, given the ciphertext, can't do better than guessing unless s/he can break the RSA code. The results generated by the author's proof indicate that Rabin/RSA encryption can be directly used for pseudo random bit generation.A new knapsack type public key cryptosystem is introduced in Part II, along with a detailed description of its implementation. The system is based on a novel application of arithmetic in finite fields, following a construction by Bose and Chowla. By choosing appropriate parameters, the density of the resulting knapsack can be controlled. In particular, the density can be made high enough to foil low-density attacks against this new system. At present there are no known attacks capable of breaking the system in a reasonable amount of time.Ben-Zion Chor received his doctorate from MIT where he is currently a Post Doctoral Fellow in the Computer Science Laboratory. "Two Issues in Public Key Cryptography: RSA Bit Security and a New Knapsack Type System" is a 1985 ACM Distinguished Dissertation.
Association between Heart Disease and Subjective Health in Ten North, Middle, and South American Countries

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare 10 American countries for the association between self-reported physician diagnosis of heart disease and subjective health above and beyond the effect of socio-economic factors. Methods: With a cross-sectional design, this study used data from Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). The study included adults from 10 American countries including Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, United States, Mexico, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, and Uruguay. Outcome was self-rated health, independent variable was self-reported physician diagnosis of heart disease, while age, gender, and socio-economics (education and income) were control variables. Country-specific logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: Although the effects of age, gender, education, and income, were inconsistent, with no exception, in all countries, heart disease was associated with poor subjective health. In Costa Rica, income modified the effect of heart disease on subjective health. In the US, age and gender modified the effect of heart disease on subjective health. Conclusion: Although the effect of heart disease on well-being was consistent across all north American countries, this effect seemed to depend on various demographic and socio-economic factors in various countries.