cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Management and Team-Making in Cross-Functional Work Teams: Discovering the Keys to Becoming an Integrated Team

Abstract Project teams are rapidly becoming the primary mechanisms for innovation and change in modern organizations. As such, they are designed to capitalize on leadership and integrated cross-functional teamwork and to negate subordination and individual gamesmanship. Unfortunately, research on cross-functional project teams is scarce and largely atheoretical. The increasing use of these project teams by modern organizations, however, calls for theory development in this area. In the present paper, self-management and team-making models are applied to crossfunctional project designs to develop a theoretical framework for the investigation of teamwork effectiveness for integrated cross-functional project teams. Future issues for theory development and research methodology are presented.
Early Recollections and Expected Leisure Activities

The relationship between choices of leisure and individual lifestyle characteristics is of considerable interest. This study focused on an abbreviated measurement of social interest in individual early recollections as related to selected expectations of choices of leisure. Based on abbreviated social interest scores in early recollections, the two most extreme groups of 14 subjects (positive-active and negative-passive) were selected from an original sample of 400 college students. The expected choices of leisure were determined by responses to the Ego Recognition Future Scale and the Adventure Future Scale of the Leisure Activities Blank. Significant differences in expected choices of leisure were found between the two extreme groups of subjects for ego recognition but not for choices related to adventure.
Calorimetric method for rapid determination of critical water vapor pressure and kinetics of water sorption on hygroscopic compounds

Abstract A rapid method for determining the equilibrium water vapor pressure over a hydrate or saturated solution has been developed. The vapor space over the sample in an isothermal, heat conduction calorimeter is titrated with water vapor generated by continuously scanning the temperature of a container of water outside the calorimeter. The rate of heat production in the sample, which is proportional to the rate of water sorption by the sample, remains very small until the critical water vapor pressure is reached. The heat rate (φ) increases markedly and is proportional to water vapor pressure above the critical water vapor pressure. The change in dφ/dp H2O signals the appearance of a new phase. The method was tested with NaBr, NaHSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , NH 4 Cl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 24, 34, 44 and 54°C. Critical water vapor pressures determined are all within 2 torr of those predicted from literature data. ΔH values for the reaction with H 2 O(g), calculated from the temperature dependence of the critical water vapor pressure, are close to the enthalpy change for condensation of water and agree with literature data. In the regions of the titration curve before and after a phase change, the value of (dφ/dp H2O ) is shown to be equal to the product of the rate constant for water sorption, a function of sample surface properties, and ΔH for the reaction. Values of (dφ/dp H2O ), both before and after phase transitions, were determined at the four temperatures. The Arrhenius activation energy for water sorption is approximately zero for all the reactions studied.
Mental Illness and Psychiatric Treatment Among Women

When mental illness is precisely defined as a functional disorder involving acute distress or disorganization (or both), women are consistently found to have higher rates of mental illness than men. This sex difference appears to be real and not an artifact of response bias, patient behavior, or clinician bias. The higher rates of mental illness among women can be linked to aspects of their societal role and particularly to aspects of the marital role. Therapists who treat women whose mental illness is in part a response to the characteristics of conventional sex roles have no treatment alternatives that are not in some way problematic. The treatment alternative chosen has, in the broadest sense, political implications for the society at large.
Network Externalities in Supermarket Retailing

Supermarkets face a two-sided demand for shelf space: consumers demand variety and suppliers demand shelf space. We exploit the asymmetric ability of consumers and suppliers to internalise network effects to derive a novel test of network effects in multi-product retail markets. Because consumers fully internalise network effects but suppliers cannot, retail margins rise and wholesale margins fall as variety increases. We test this hypothesis using retail scanner data for a ‘shopping basket’ of items from competing retailers using a structural model of retail variety and vertical pricing. Our results support the existence of positive, two-sided network effects in supermarket retailing. , Oxford University Press.
Apes and Language

How shall anthropological linguistics assess the significance of the recent experiments with apes and language? The question is a momentous one. The answers may imply a paradigm shift, with Plato finally giving way to Darwin (Linden 1975), or perhaps “an identity crisis for Homo sapiens” (Gallup, Boren, Gagliaro, & Wallnan 1977: 303). At the very least, the issue poses the problem of other minds in a particularly compelling form. In linguistics and psychology, the question has stood the normal terms of the debate between empiricists and rationalists on their heads, with rationalists arguing that the evidence is inadequate, and empiricists arguing that the experiments do not teach, merely reveal (Premack 1976a). Ten years ago, the answer from most established scholars to the question, “Do other animals have language?” would have been an unequivocal “No.” Chomskyan rationalism dominated American linguistics and insisted on what Lenneberg (1967) called “discontinuity theory”—the claim that “it is quite senseless to raise the problem of explaining the evolution of human languages from more primitive systems of communication that appear at lower levels of intellectual capacity” (Chomsky 1968: 59). Even continuity theorists erected formidable barriers; Hockett’s lists of design features (Hockett 1960a; Hockett & Altmann 1968; Hockett & Ascher 1964) stood as a definitive statement against which a reference to the “language” of bees, birds, or dogs could be measured and found imprecise. Now all that has changed; respected students of animal communication speak of a “linguistic model” for the analysis of communication in animals as phylogenetically remote from humans as seagulls (Beer 1976, 1977), and the New York Academy of Sciences sponsors a major symposium (Harnad, Steklis, & Lancaster 1976) at which advocates of discontinuity theory are a distinct minority.
Non‐parametric Tests for the Comparison of Point Processes Based on Incomplete Data

We consider the comparison of point processes in a discrete observation situation in which each subject is observed only at discrete time points and no history information between observation times is available. A class of non-parametric test statistics for the comparison of point processes based on this kind of data is presented and their asymptotic distributions are derived. The proposed tests are generalizations of the corresponding tests for continuous observations. Some results from a simulation study for evaluating the proposed tests are presented and an illustrative example from a clinical trial is discussed.
The effects of teacher self‐disclosure via Facebook on teacher credibility

Research suggests that teachers who personalize their teaching through the use of humor, stories, enthusiasm, and self‐disclosure are perceived by their students to be effective in explaining course content. This experimental study examined the effects of computer‐mediated teacher self‐disclosure on perceptions of teacher credibility. Participants who accessed the Facebook website of a teacher high in self‐disclosure reported higher levels of teacher credibility than participants who viewed a low self‐disclosure Facebook website. Implications for classroom pedagogy, technology use, and areas for future research are discussed.
Gonadal Hormones and Aggression‐Maintaining Effect of Alcohol in Male Transgenic Transforming Growth Factor‐α Mice

We have characterized a new transgenic mouse model that offers the unique opportunity to study the biological mechanisms linking aggression to alcohol. In contrast to all other aggressive animal models, the male transgenic mice that overexpress transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) maintain their highly elevated aggressive behavior following an alcohol administration. The transgenic mice also exhibit elevated plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2). Animal data support the role of E2 in aggression and alcohol intake in males. Further, type 2 alcoholism is male-limited, suggesting that gonadal hormones are important. We examined whether gonadal hormones play a role in the resistance to respond to alcohol in the resident-intruder test of aggression among the male transgenic TGF-α mice. As previously reported, alcohol had a biphasic effect on sham-operated, nontransgenic controls : 0.6 g/kg increased and 2.0 g/kg inhibited their aggressiveness. Alcohol did not significantly reduce the high levels of aggression in the sham-operated TGF-α mice. Castration abolished the difference in aggressive behavior between the transgenic and nontransgenic male mice by reducing aggression. Alcohol did not increase aggressive behavior in these mice. Treatment with pellets releasing 0.25 mg E2 over a 60-day period increased aggression in the castrated male TGF-α mice and nontransgenic controls to the levels seen in intact male transgenic mice. Alcohol did not significantly alter aggressive behavior in the E2-treated castrated mice. These findings suggest that gonadal hormones are linked to aggressive behavior and to the aggression-altering effect of alcohol both in the transgenic and nontransgenic mice. In particular, high plasma levels of E2 may play a critical role in the failure of alcohol to alter aggressive behavior in aggressive male mice.
They're in My Culture, They Speak the Same Way: African American Language in Multiethnic High Schools

In this article, Paris explores the deep linguistic and cultural ways in which youth in a multiethnic urban high school employ linguistic features of African American Language (AAL) across ethnic lines. The author also discusses how knowledge about the use of AAL in multiethnic contexts might be applied to language and literacy education and how such linguistic and cultural sharing can help us forge interethnic understanding in our changing urban schools. The article not only fosters an understanding of how AAL works in such multiethnic urban schools, but also sheds light on opportunities for a pedagogy of pluralism—a stance toward teaching both within and across differences.
MANAKINS (PIPRIDAE) IN SECOND-GROWTH AND OLD-GROWTH FORESTS: PATTERNS OF HABITAT USE, MOVEMENT, AND SURVIVAL

Abstract We used capture and recapture data (1985 to 1994) to examine seasonal variation in habitat use, movements within and among habitats, and survival rates of manakins (Manacus candei, Corapipo altera, Pipra mentalis, P. pipra) in northeastern Costa Rica. Manakins were captured in young and old second-growth woodlands in the lowlands and in old-growth forest at approximately 50, 500, and 1,000 m. Manakin species differed in their use of habitats, with old-growth forest species showing large and predictable seasonal variation in capture rates. Corapipo capture rates in lowland (nonbreeding) habitats were greater during the wet season than during the dry season and were greater in old-growth forest than in second growth. Capture rates at 500 m were higher in the dry season. Pipra mentalis capture rates were high in second growth and old growth. Capture rates were higher in the wet season and were correlated with capture rates of Corapipo, indicating that at least some individual P. mentalis migrate alo...
Current Journal Article Provision for the Physical Therapy Clinicians of One Department

Studies of human service professionals, such as mental health and rehabilitation counseling supervisors, social workers, physicians, and physical therapists, have revealed a primary preference among these professionals for information sources other than journal articles.1–6 Journals are, nonetheless, a rich source of relatively current information that is thought by many physical therapists to be useful in their practice.7 Moreover, journals are still primary mediums through which research findings are communicated. These findings, being objective, may provide a more valid rationale for care than “wise and experienced” teachers, “well-known” practitioners, “private opinions,” untested hypotheses, or “before and after” comparisons of client status.8 Brau suggests that research may provide the most legitimate foundation for “standards of care.”9 Therefore, journal articles, particularly those summarizing current research, remain a potentially important source of information to the physical therapy clinician. [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/66/540?iss=4
Life History and Habits of Sialis rotunda and S. californica in Western Oregon

Comparative ecological studies of Sialis rotunda Banks and S. californica Banks (Megaloptera: Sialidae) were made in western Oregon from 1966 to 1968. Techniques were developed for rearing both species, and the duration of the life cycles was determined in aquaria, in a laboratory stream, and in the natural habitats. It was found by rearing individual larvae that there are 10 larval instars, and measurements were recorded of body length and head width of all stadia. The duration of each of the life stages was determined. S. rotunda, predominantly a pond or lake species, has 1 generation per year with adults emerging from April to June. S. californica is a larger species, occurs in streams, and development takes 1 or 2 years depending on time of oviposition and availability of prey. Adults emerge from May to July. The density and biomass of Sialis larvae were evaluated throughout the year. As these predators can be very abundant (a maximum of 500/m2 for S. rotunda.) they are capable of exerting a marked effect in reducing the standing crop of the benthic fauna.
Determination of Chemical Speciation of Cobalt in Food by SPE-AAS

Objective To establish a determination method of chemical speciation of cobalt in food.Methods The inorganic cobalt and vitamin B12 were separated by SPE and then determined by AAS.Results The inorganic cobalt and vitamin B12 were completely separated.The detection concentration limits of inorganic cobalt and vitamin B12 were 0.5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg,respectively.The RSDs were both less than 2.5% and the recoveries were both more than 90%.Conclusions The method has the following advantages:simple,sensitive,and fast,which is suitable for the determination of cobalt speciation in food.
Association between gait characteristics and endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease

The aim of the study was to determine whether gait characteristics were associated with endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and with circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity in older patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). Gait measurements of 231 symptomatic men and women with PAD were assessed during a 4-m walk test. Patients were further characterized on endothelial effects of circulating factors present in the sera using a cell culture-based bioassay on primary human arterial endothelial cells and on circulating inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. In a multivariate regression model for gait speed, the significant independent variables were age (p < 0.001), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.003), sex (p = 0.003), and history of cerebrovascular accidents (p = 0.021). In multivariate analyses for gait cadence, the significant independent predictors included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.001), and hypertension (p = 0.001). In a multivariate regression model for gait stride length, the significant independent variables were HsCRP (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), ICAM-1 (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.002), cellular reactive oxygen species production (p = 0.007), and sex (p = 0.008). Higher levels of circulating biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial cell oxidative stress were associated with slower gait speed, slower cadence, and shorter stride length in older symptomatic patients with PAD. Additionally, this profile of impaired gait was more evident in older patients, in women, and in those with diabetes, hypertension, and history of cerebrovascular accidents.
Ten-year Survivors After Contemporary Management of Advanced 'Horseshoe' Anterior Commissure Laryngeal Cancer.

BACKGROUND Combinations of treatment modalities for locally extensive carcinomas of the larynx constitute the standard of care. Advanced 'horseshoe' anterior commissure laryngeal cancer (HACLC) is a disease entity that has not received much attention in the literature. The aims of this study were to evaluate prolonged survival in patients after standard combined therapy for HACLC and to identify clinicopathological factors influential towards an extended outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients (10-year survivors) with stage III or IV laryngeal cancer involving the anterior commissure and both true vocal cords were treated with total laryngectomy (and postoperative radiotherapy in 11 individuals). RESULTS During follow-up, ranging from 123 to 256 months, locoregional recurrent disease and distant metastasis were not observed. Complications after therapy were manageable and few. The long-term survivors were particularly difficult to characterize. CONCLUSION The optimal treatment for advanced HACLC has not been clarified; however, in this study, total laryngectomy and the indicated use of postoperative radiotherapy, were successful in achieving long-term disease-free survival. Predictive factors for longevity were not detected in this limited experience.
IT-enabled inter-firm governance model to manage service quality level through customers' feedback

Internet marketplace providers such as Amazon.com or ebay.com need to control the service quality level of marketplace participants. As a method to control participants, they release customers' feedback for the service that participants provided. This study proposed five learning feedback models using regression analysis of the models on Amazon.com data and found that information disclosure is an effective and significant governing mechanism of the marketplace. Further, Amazon.com has been governed by a combination of partnership, market and contract mechanisms. Collecting customer evaluation based on their volunteerism needs to be complemented by incentive mechanisms and transaction records. For effective combination of the governing mechanisms, more specifically, in order to achieve continuous collaboration with accountability of marketplace participants, information for collaboration, accountability and adaptive learning is needed.
A New Framework for Detection and Identification of Network Parameter Errors

Normalized Lagrange multiplier test has been shown to be very effective for network parameter error identification, but its validation has so far been solely based on extensive simulations. This paper presents a new framework by which: 1) the normalized Lagrange multiplier test is re-formulated from the perspective of hypothesis testing, enabling proper handling of missing bad parameter cases; 2) formal proofs are given for the combined utilization of normalized Lagrange multiplier test and normalized residual test for simultaneous handling of measurement and parameter errors; and 3) the concepts of detectability and identifiability for measurement errors are extended to parameter errors, and a systematic approach for identifying critical parameters and critical ${k}$ -tuples is provided.
Interfacial Energy, Structure, and Adhesion between Polymers

Publisher Summary Most small-molecule organic liquids are mutually miscible and their mixtures do not form stable interfaces. Polymers are, however, usually immiscible and their mixtures form multiphase structures with stable interfaces. The dispersion, morphology, and adhesion of the component phases are affected by the interfacial energies, which thereby play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of a multiphase polymer blend. This chapter discusses interfacial energy, structure, and adhesion between polymers as related to the properties of polymer blends. It provides an overview of surface tension and interfacial tension, and discusses various theories of interfacial tension such as Antonoff's rule, theory of Good and Girifalco, theory of fractional polarity, and lattice theories. The interfacial tension varies more slowly with temperature than the surface tension and arises mainly from the disparity between the polarities of two phases. The extent of non-polar (dispersion) interaction between the two phases does not vary greatly from system to system but that of polar interactions can vary greatly. The polar interactions largely determine the magnitude of the interfacial tension. The polarity of a polymer can be calculated from the interfacial tension between the polymer and a non-polar polymer such as polyethylene, which can be regarded to be completely nonpolar. Thus, if the interfacial tension of a polar polymer against polyethylene is known, the polarity of the polar polymer can be calculated. Adhesion is the bonding or joining of dissimilar bodies, while autohesion or cohesion refers to joining of identical bodies. Several adhesion theories have been proposed. They have been a subject of much controversy. Most theories deal with the formation of the adhesive bond. The chapter reviews various factors affecting the formation and the fracture of adhesive bonds.
Systemic Strengths, Domestic Deficiencies: The Renminbi’s Future as a Reserve Currency

Will China’s currency, the renminbi (RMB), become a major international reserve currency that rivals the US dollar in the next decade? This article argues that this is unlikely for domestic politic...
An Overview of Nitrite and Nitrate: New Paradigm of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule responsible for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure, neurotransmission, and host defense, just to name a few of its fundamental functions in humans. Loss of nitric oxide production and availability is recognized as one of the earliest events in the onset and progression of most chronic diseases. Nitrite and nitrate from dietary sources have been shown to restore NO production and combat disease. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns depleted of nitrite and nitrate may accelerate disease, and, to the contrary, diets enriched in nitrite and nitrate may prevent or treat many conditions associated with NO insufficiency. Nitrite and nitrate should now be considered indispensable nutrients and dietary guidelines should be established for both.
Biomass Burning Smoke Climatology of the United States: Implications for Particulate Matter Air Quality

We utilize the NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke product for the period of 2005 to 2016 to develop climatology of smoke occurrence over the Continental United States (CONUS) region and to study the impact of wildland fires on particulate matter air quality at the surface. Our results indicate that smoke is most frequently found over the Great Plains and western states during the summer months. Other hotspots of smoke occurrence are found over state and national parks in the southeast during winter and spring, in the Gulf of Mexico southwards of the Texas and Louisiana coastline during spring season and along the Mississippi River Delta during the fall season. A substantial portion (20%) of the 24 h federal standard for particulate pollution exceedance events in the CONUS region occur when smoke is present. If the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations continue to reduce anthropogenic emissions, wildland fire emissions will become the major contributor to particulate pollution and exceedance events. In this context, we show that HMS smoke product is a valuable tool for analysis of exceptional events caused by wildland fires and our results indicate that these tools can be valuable for policy and decision makers.
ConfChem Conference on Select 2016 BCCE Presentations: Radical Awakenings—A New Teaching Paradigm Using Social Media

This Communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the Select 2016 BCCE Presentations ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online ConfChem held from October 30 to November 22, 2016. The ConfChem paper (included within Supporting Information) focuses on the results of one instructor’s incorporation of social media into her classroom and her teaching life as both a communication tool and a method for building a community of learners among students. The instructor implemented multivariate statistical analyses to determine the correlational relationship between students’ social media usage and their performance shown by their earned grade on a 40-question final exam similar to the ACS Exams Institute First Semester General Chemistry exam. Initial findings indicated no statistically significant change in pass rate or persistence between models in introductory General Chemistry I classes; however, the potential for a significant difference between models exists in next level (General Ch...
Discreditation of tombarthite-(Y)

Tombarthite-(Y) is discredited as a mineral species. No type material was available, but material used for the original description has been located and neotype material defined. The main reason for the erroneous description of tombarthite-(Y) is the result of chemical analyses being carried out on heated material, which removed elements such as C and F. New semi-quantitative chemical analyses show that at least F is present in the fresh material, but absent after a heating scheme identical to that of the original description. Modern powder X-ray diffraction methods (XRD) confirm that the material identified as tombarthite-(Y) is a mixture of metamict and crystalline phases. Consequently, what was known as tombarthite-(Y) is not a mixture of the same minerals in equal amounts in different samples, but mixtures of various minerals depending on the sample. The main minerals identified are thalenite-(Y), xenotime-(Y) and kainosite-(Y). The discreditation of tombarthite-(Y) relies on new analyses of a large number of samples from the collection of the Natural History Museum (NHM) in Oslo and has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (proposal 16-K).
Tumors of the Nose and Nasopharynx

The nonchromaffin paragangliomas of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are an ill-defined group of neoplasms, principally because the existence of a normal glomic organ has not been demonstrated in this area. House et al. (1972) believed their 2 tumors to arise from paraganglia associated with the ganglion nodosum, and Smith et al. (1973) thought the point of origin in their case to be an orbital body with extension through the ethmoid into the nasopharynx. Holmes (1976) believed his case to be metastatic, but it is probably multicentric. In some cases the nasopharyngeal lesion represents a direct extension of a glomus jugulare tumor through the Eustachian tube, or by erosion of the petrous bone (Khanolkar, 1947; Weille and Lane, 1951; Riemenschneider et al., 1953; Williams et al., 1955; Ash and Raum, 1956; Zacks, 1958; Dill, 1959; Rucker, 1963; Black, 1964; Fuller et al., 1967; Oberman et al., 1968; Diepeveen et al., 1969; Silverstone, 1973; Spector et al., 1973), or metastasis to the nose (Rosenwasser, 1958).
Information Processing: Direction Sensitivity

Direction selectivity is a fundamental form of information processing in the visual system. It appears first in the retina, where an elegant synaptic circuit involving the starburst amacrine cell integrates multiple levels of spatially asymmetric interactions to produce direction-selective responses to image movement in a subset of retinal ganglion cells. This remarkable form of calculation, which provides directional information for visual behavior (eye movement) and, possibly, visual perception (image movement), represents a mechanism that serves as a classic model for understanding neuronal computation in the brain. It also illustrates many functional and developmental complexities of neural networks that await further investigation.
Information Hiding: Steganography and Watermarking

Modern information-hiding techniques conceal the existence of communication. The primary facets of information hiding, also known as data hiding, are payload size, robustness to removal, and imperceptibility of the hidden data. In general, digital techniques can be divided into three classes: invisible watermarking, steganography, and embedded data. However, it is desirable for all classes to successfully conceal the hidden information from applicable detectors. Invisible watermarking, generally employed for copyright protection, traitor tracing, and authentication, forgoes a large payload amount for stringent robustness. Steganography, used for covert communication, pursues increased payload size while sacrificing robustness. Embedding information puts little emphasis on either robustness or covertness. In this chapter, we begin by introducing the motivation for information hiding. Following a brief survey of historic and digital examples, we will delineate the classes of information by describing objectives, applications, and terminology. Detection and attacks for these systems will then be outlined, and three representative techniques will be described in depth. Lastly, concluding remarks and suggestions for further reading will be presented.
Outcomes of Adult Intestinal Transplant Recipients Requiring Dialysis and Renal Transplantation

Background Data on dialysis and renal transplantation (RT) after intestinal transplantation (IT) are sparse. Whether changes in immunosuppression and surgical techniques have modified these outcomes is unknown. Methods Two hundred eighty-eight adult intestinal transplants performed between 1990 and 2014 at the University of Pittsburgh were analyzed for incidence, risk factors and outcomes after dialysis and RT. Cohort was divided into 3 eras based on immunosuppression and surgical technique (1990-1994, 1995-2001, and 2001-2014). Receiving RT, or dialysis for 90 days or longer was considered as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Results During a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 71 (24.7%) patients required dialysis, 38 (13.2%) required long-term dialysis and 17 (6%) received RT after IT. One-, 3-, and 5-year ESRD risk was 2%, 7%, and 14%, respectively. No significant era-based differences were noted. Higher baseline creatinine (hazard ratio [HR], 3.40 per unit increase, P < 0.01) and use of liver containing grafts (HR, 2.01; P = 0.04) had an increased ESRD risk. Median patient survival after dialysis initiation was 6 months, with a 3-year survival of 21%. Any dialysis (HR, 12.74; 95% CI 8.46-19.20; P < 0.01) and ESRD (HR, 9.53; 95% CI, 5.87-15.49; P < 0.01) had higher mortality after adjusting for covariates. For renal after IT, 1- and 3-year kidney and patient survivals were 70% and 49%, respectively. All graft losses were from death with a functioning graft, primarily related to infectious complications (55%). Conclusions In intestinal transplant recipients, renal failure requiring dialysis or RT is high and is associated with increased mortality. Additionally, the outcomes for kidney after IT are suboptimal due to death with a functioning graft.
Magnetic Properties of Sub-Micron Particles

In 1985 theCenter forMagneticRecordingResearch (CMRR) at the University of California in San Diego, initiated a fundamental study of magnetic particle and thin film hysteresis as part of a comprehensive program dedicated to developing very high density tape and disc magnetic storage systems. Since magnetic hysteresis is the essential physical phenomonon underlying the entire fifty-billion dollar per year magnetic storage industry, it had obviously been extensively studied, but despite these prior efforts, a detailed quantitative microscopic description of even one real experimental system had never been achieved. Similarly, while there were a few theoretical model systems, such as a uniformly magnetized ellipsoid, which admit of a complete magnetostatic solution in a uniform applied field, there was no detailed quantitative description of even one model isolated sub-micron magnetic particle. Of course, what is ultimately desired, is not only a complete description of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of individual particles (or the grains of a thin film), but also a methodology for a quantitative description of a strongly interacting collection of such particles, i. e, a prediction of the macroscopic hysteretic properties of the media.
Bacterial Causes of Digital Dermatitis (DD) in Dairy Cattle

Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle throughout the world. Despite 35 years of research, the definitive cause of the disease process is still unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple bacterial species are associated with lesions, with spirochetes being the most reliably identified organism. This study utilized total DNA sequencing of 48 staged DD biopsy specimens collected during a 3-year longitudinal study of disease progression in dairy cattle. Over 175 million sequences were obtained and used to identify the bacterial species that were present in the biopsies. There was no evidence of a fungal or DNA viral causes. The bacterial communities present in the biopsy specimens was found to progress through a systematic series of changes that correlate with the novel visual lesion scoring system developed as part of this project. Although Treponema spp. predominated in the advanced lesions, they were in relatively low abundance in the newly described early lesions that are associated with the initiation of the disease process. The results of this study support the hypothesis that DD is a polybacterial disease process and provide unique insights into the temporal changes in bacterial populations throughout lesion development. These insights are expected to be critical in the development of new treatment strategies and the potential development of effective vaccines. In addition, the development and validation of a lesion scoring system will assist with determining the prognosis of a lesion.
Emotions and Coping Strategies During Breast Cancer in Latina Women: A Focus Group Study.

We conducted three focus groups among Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors (N = 23). The aim was to qualitatively identify how Latina women cope with BC treatment, what emotions arose during their t...
Isotopic evidence for mercury photoreduction and retention on particles in surface waters of Central California, USA.

Cache Creek (Coast Range, California) and the Yuba River (Sierra Nevada Foothills, California) are two river systems affected by extensive mercury (Hg) contamination due to legacy sources of Hg related to mining. Stable Hg isotope techniques have proven useful for elucidating the complex cycling of Hg within aquatic ecosystems, and we applied these techniques to improve understanding of Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) transformations in these watersheds. Total mercury (THg) concentrations and Hg stable isotope ratios were measured in filtered surface waters and suspended particulate matter collected from 14 sites within the Cache Cr. and Yuba R. watersheds. Filtered surface waters from both watersheds exhibited values of ∆199Hg (0.37‰ to 0.71‰), consistently elevated above those observed in sediments (∆199Hg average = 0.07‰). Associated suspended particulates from these surface water samples displayed a much greater range of values for ∆199Hg (−0.61‰ to 0.70‰), although suspended particulates from the Yuba R. exhibited mostly negative ∆199Hg values (−0.61‰ to 0.10‰). The relationship between ∆199Hg and ∆201Hg in the filtered surface waters and associated suspended particulates was calculated using a bivariate York regression, yielding a slope of 1.57 ± 0.49 (±2SE) for the Yuba R. and 1.40 ± 0.27 (±2SE) for Cache Cr., both within error of the previously reported experimentally-derived slopes for MeHg- and inorganic Hg(II)-photoreduction. This provides isotopic evidence that Hg photoreduction is occurring within these surface waters to a significant degree, and suspended particulate phases are retaining the reduced product of Hg photoreduction, particularly within the Yuba R. The isotopic compositions of filtered surface waters are consistent with the isotopic signatures recorded in biota at low trophic positions within these watersheds, suggesting that the reservoir of Hg incorporated within the biota of these systems is similar to the filter-passing Hg fraction in surface waters.
Differences Between Standard Deviation and Robust NIQR Method During Z-Score Evaluation

This paper presents and analyzes the differences between two different statistical methods, in determining Zscore during Interlaboratory comparison of Radiated Emission measurement. The Z-score results determined using standard deviation method were compared with Robust Normalized Inter Quartile Range method. Proficiency Testing and Interlaboratory comparison measurements are mandatory requirements for Testing and calibration Laboratories as per clause 5.9 of ISO/IEC 17025 [1] accreditation. The Testing laboratories having their test setup complying to RTCA DO160G [2] standard was chosen for the Interlaboratory comparison programme. The results of each participating laboratories were statistically analyzed as described in ISO/IEC 17043 [3] and ISO 13528 [4] standard.
Accuracy of automated identification of delayed diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis and sepsis in the ED.

Background Delayed diagnoses of serious emergency conditions can lead to morbidity in children, but are challenging to identify and measure. We developed and piloted an automated tool for identifying delayed diagnosis of two serious conditions commonly seen in the ED using administrative data. Methods We identified cases with a final diagnosis of appendicitis or sepsis in a freestanding children’s hospital from 2008 to 2018, with any hospital ED encounter within the preceding 7 days. Two investigators reviewed a subset of these cases using the electronic health records (EHR) to determine if there was a delayed diagnosis and interrater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). An automated tool was applied to the same cases to assess its positive predictive value (PPV) to identify those with a delayed diagnosis, using the manual chart review as the gold standard. The tool used number of days since visit, presence of a related diagnosis on the initial visit, and whether or not the patient was discharged. Results Previous ED encounters preceded 91/3703 (2.5%) appendicitis cases and 159/1754 (9.1%) sepsis cases; 78 cases of each were sampled for review. In manual review, 73.4% and 22.8% were thought to have delayed diagnoses; reviewer agreement was excellent (appendicitis ICC 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.86 and sepsis ICC 0.77, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89). The PPVs of the automated tool for determination of delayed diagnosis for appendicitis within 1, 3 or 7 days were 96.2%, 95.1% and 93.6%, respectively. For sepsis, the PPVs were 71.4%, 63.6% and 41.2% within 1, 3 or 7 days, respectively. Conclusions This automated tool performed well compared with expert EHR review. Performance was stronger for appendicitis. Further tool refinement could improve performance.
Pharmacological inhibition of CSF1R by GW2580 reduces microglial proliferation and is protective against neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration

Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and proliferation of activated microglia have been found in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and animal models of PD, suggesting that targeting of the microglial inflammatory response may result in neuroprotection in PD. Microglial proliferation is regulated by many factors, but colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) has emerged as a primary factor. Using data mining techniques on existing microarray data, we found that mRNA expression of the CSF1R ligand, CSF-1, is increased in the brain of PD patients compared to controls. In two different neurotoxic mouse models of PD, acute MPTP and sub-chronic LPS treatment, mRNA and protein levels of CSF1R and CSF-1 were significantly increased. Treatment with the CSF1R inhibitor GW2580 significantly attenuated MPTP-induced CSF1R activation and Iba1-positive cell proliferation, without a reduction of the basal Iba1-positive population in the substantia nigra. GW2580 treatment also significantly decreased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors, without alteration of anti-inflammatory mediators, and significantly attenuated the MPTP-induced loss of dopamine neurons and motor behavioral deficits. Importantly, these effects were observed in the absence of overt microglial depletion, suggesting that targeting CSF1R signaling may be a viable neuroprotective strategy in PD that disrupts pro-inflammatory signaling, but maintains the beneficial effects of microglia.
Modality force and syntax in an understudied class of reduced why-questions in English

This paper analyzes the syntactic and interpretive components of a frequently used but understudied type of reduced why-question in English, referred to as Why-VP, as in why take Structure of Japanese? Using a substantial corpus of naturally occurring examples, it is argued that why in Why-VP is in fact a head which selects a null infinitival head, hosting in its specifier a structural subject, pro, and which in turn selects the familiar verbal projections (Voice/V). Previous work on Why-VP has suggested that it is necessarily elliptical and that it is necessarily rhetorical (conveying a preference). These assumptions led to proposals appealing to special compositional technologies. Analysis of the naturally-occurring examples, however, reveals that Why-VP retains a true interrogative interpretation. The syntactic structure proposed, in which Why-VP is an infinitival wh-question, predicts that it should have a modal interpretation, following Bhatt’s (1999) analysis of covert modality in embedded wh-infinitivals. It is the modal interpretation characteristic of Why-VP that contributes to the rhetorical flavor, but that also allows for the genuine-question reading. Thus, we need rely only on independently available and familiar compositional mechanisms to understand the observed pragmatic effects.
Forecasting Ozone Pollution using Recurrent Neural Nets and Multiple Quantile Regression

Due to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture, ground-level ozone concentrations are continually monitored nowadays in most places in the world. However, predicting ground-level ozone concentrations is difficult and thus poses a major concern in urban areas worldwide. In this paper, we investigate the use of deep recurrent neural nets to forecast ground-level ozone concentrations at Santiago (Chile), one of the most polluted cities in South America. It is found that the accuracy of current prediction models for peaks of the ozone concentration, 1-day ahead, is often lower than expected, which limits their practical utility as tools to anticipate critical pollution events. To address this issue, we propose to adopt a multitask learning criterion in which the model is not only trained to predict the expected value at the next time step but multiple quantiles of the response distribution. Experiments on real data illustrate that this approach improves the prediction accuracy for high values of the time series.
The evolving self-presentation of the Islamic State, from Dabiq to Rumiyah

In 2016 the Islamic State (IS) dramatically altered the centerpiece of its Western outreach, shuttering Dabiq magazine and replacing it with Rumiyah. While Dabiq was marked by twin appeals to theme...
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children and Adults in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts likely underestimate the true prevalence because mild or asymptomatic cases often go untested. Here, we use a sero-survey to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan area in a symptom-independent manner. Five hundred three adult and 555 pediatric serum/plasma samples were collected from patients presenting to Barnes-Jewish Hospital or St. Louis Children's Hospital between 14 April 2020 and 12 May 2020. We developed protocols for in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using spike and nucleoprotein and used the assays to estimate a seroprevalence rate based on our samples. Overall IgG seropositivity was estimated to be 1.71% (95% credible interval [CI], 0.04% to 3.38%) in pediatric samples and 3.11% (95% CI, 0.92% to 5.32%) in adult samples. Seropositivity was significantly lower in children under 5 years of age than in adults, but rates between adults and children aged 5 or older were similar. Of the 176 samples tested from children under 4 years of age, none were positive.IMPORTANCE This study determined the percentages of both children and adult samples from the greater St. Louis metropolitan area who had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in late April to early May 2020. Approximately 1.7 to 3.1% of the tested individuals had antibodies, indicating that they had previously been infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results demonstrate that the extent of infection was about 10 times greater than the number of confirmed cases at that time. Furthermore, it demonstrated that by 5 years of age, children were infected to an extent similar to that of adults.
Recalcitrant betas: Intraday variation in the cross-sectional dispersion of systematic risk

We study the temporal behavior of the cross‐sectional distribution of assets' market exposure, or betas, using a large panel of high‐frequency returns. The asymptotic setup has the sampling frequency of returns increasing to infinity, while the time span of the data remains fixed, and the cross‐sectional dimension of the panel is either fixed or increasing. We derive functional limit results for the cross‐sectional distribution of betas evolving over time. We demonstrate, for constituents of the SaP 500 market index, that the dispersion in betas is elevated at the market open and gradually declines over the trading day. This intraday pattern varies significantly over time and reacts to information shocks such as clustered earning announcements and releases of macroeconomic news. We find that earnings news increase beta dispersion while FOMC announcements have the opposite effect on market betas. Asset pricing cross‐sectional dispersion functional convergence high‐frequency data intraday variation market beta nonparametric inference systematic risk C51 C52 G12