cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reykjanes Ridge: implication of magnetic properties of dredged rock

Abstract Magnetic data obtained from samples dredged off the Reykjanes Ridge at 60°N indicate a wide variety of magnetic intensities and relatively constant values for the susceptibility. Young rocks may have a remanent magnetization over 10−1 emu/cc. Because of the relatively low susceptibility (5 × 10−4 emu/cc), high Q ratios (Koenigsberger ratios) characterize these rocks. The magnetic intensity is reduced in relatively short time (1 to 2 m.y.) by spontaneous demagnetization. Magnetic anomalies result mainly from a thin veneer (a few 100 meters) of ponded lava flows of high Q basalt. Intrusives are relatively weakly magnetized and contribute little to the general magnetic anomaly pattern.
Nonadiabatic elimination of auxiliary modes in continuous quantum measurements

In quantum measurement or control processes, there are often auxiliary modes coupling to the quantum system that we are interested in—they together form a bath or an environment for the system. The bath can have finite memory (non-Markovian), and simply ignoring its dynamics (i.e., adiabatically eliminating it) will prevent us from predicting the true quantum behavior of the system. We generalize the technique introduced by Strunz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1801 (1999)], and develop a formalism that allows us to eliminate the bath nonadiabatically in continuous quantum measurements, and obtain a non-Markovian stochastic master equation for the system that we focus on. This formalism also illuminates how to design the bath—acting as a quantum filter—to effectively probe interesting system observables (e.g., the quantum-nondemolition observable).
Autophagic vacuoles produced in vitro. I. Studies on cultured macrophages exposed to chloroquine.

Mouse macrophages exposed to 30 µg/ml of chloroquine in vitro develop autophagic vacuoles containing various cytoplasmic components and acid phosphatase. The early toxic vacuoles appear in the perinuclear region within 15 min; on electron microscopy, they show irregular shape, amorphous moderately dense content, apparent double membranes, and in some instances curved thin tubular extensions with a central, dark linear element. Cytoplasmic structures are probably transported into the vacuoles by invagination of the vacuolar membrane. After exposure to chloroquine for 1–4 hr, macrophages display large vacuoles containing degraded cytoplasmic structures, membranous whorls, and amorphous material. When chloroquine is removed by changing the culture medium after 4 hr, the cells survive and 24 hr later they exhibit no abnormality except for large cytoplasmic dense bodies packed with membrane lamellae. During recovery chloroquine disappears from the cells. 24 hr after exposure to chloroquine the macrophages have accumulated less hydrolases than control cells.
Induced intensification: Agricultural change in Bangladesh with implications for Malthus and Boserup

Bangladesh is dominated by a small-holder agrarian economy under extreme stress. Production shortfalls, increasing economic polarization, and chronic malnutrition are persistent, but major famine has been diverted in part by significant growth in agriculture. This recent history is open to both Malthusian and Boserupian interpretations-a history we explore here through a test of the induced intensification thesis of agricultural change. This thesis, framed by variations in the behavior of small-holders, has grown from a simple demand-production relationship to a consideration of the mediating influences on that relationship. The induced intensification thesis is reviewed and tested for 265 households in 6 villages in Bangladesh from 1950-1986. A time-series analysis of an induced intensification model provides relatively high levels of explained variance in cropping intensity (frequency and land productivity) and also indicates the relative impacts of household class, environment, and cropping strategies. On average, the small-holders in question kept pace with the demands on production, although important class and village variations were evident and the proportion of landless households increased. These results, coupled with evidence that agricultural growth involved intensification thresholds, provide clues about Malthusian and Boserupian interpretations of Bangladesh, and suggest that small-holder agriculture there is likely to continue on a "muted" path of growth.
Analytical performance models for closed-loop flexible assembly systems

Flexible Assembly Systems (FASs), which form an important subset of modern manufacturing systems, are finding increasing use in today's industry. In the planning and design phase of these systems, it is useful to have tools that predict system performance for various operating conditions. In this article, we present such a performance analysis tool based on queueing approximation for a class of FASs, namely, closed-loop flexible assembly systems (CL-FASs). For CL-FASs, we describe iterative algorithms for computing steady-state performance measures, including production rate and station utilizations. These algorithms are computationally simple and have a fast convergence rate. We derive a new approximation to correct the mean delay at each queue. This improves the accuracy of performance prediction, especially in the case of small CL-FASs. Comparisons with simulation results indicate that the approximation technique is reasonably accurate for a broad range of parameter values and system sizes. This makes possible efficient (fast and computationally inexpensive) analysis of CL-FASs under various conditions.
Cottrell Scholars Collaborative New Faculty Workshop: Professional Development for New Chemistry Faculty and Initial Assessment of Its Efficacy

The Cottrell Scholars Collaborative New Faculty Workshop (CSC NFW) is a professional development program that was initiated in 2012 to address absences in the preparation of chemistry faculty at research universities as funded researchers and educators (i.e., teacher–scholars). The primary focus of the workshop is an introduction to evidence-based teaching methods; other topics including mentoring, work–life balance, time management, and grant writing are also addressed. A longer-term aim of the workshop is to develop lifelong teacher–scholars by encouraging workshop participants to engage with teaching-focused faculty learning communities through the CSC NFW and at their institutions. The workshop also provides a platform to investigate the adoption of student-centered pedagogies among new faculty, and a study of that process was initiated concurrently. Thus, the aim of the workshop program is to address professional development needs as well as understand the efficacy of that effort.
Leisure behaviour of the Amish.

Abstract Imagine a life with no mobile phones, computers, televisions or cars. The Amish have existed for almost 300 years with such austerity. How do the Amish remain so grounded in their beliefs and culture? In an effort to gain a better understanding of the Amish, the first author lived with an Old Order Amish family and studied the Amish way of life, focusing on their leisure behaviour. Religion influences every aspect of their lives, most notably leisure. When work is finished, leisure time is viewed as an opportunity to help others in their community and practise their religion. The Amish avoid consumptive behaviours that are believed to be antithetical and detrimental to church ordinances. However, consumerism is creeping into their communities in spite of the simplicity of their way of life and other protective factors they employ to surround their culture. Significantly, consumerism increasingly infiltrates the lives of Amish children through consumptive leisure.
Gaussian process based modeling and experimental design for sensor calibration in drifting environments

It remains a challenge to accurately calibrate a sensor subject to environmental drift. The calibration task for such a sensor is to quantify the relationship between the sensor's response and its exposure condition, which is specified by not only the analyte concentration but also the environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. This work developed a Gaussian Process (GP)-based procedure for the efficient calibration of sensors in drifting environments. Adopted as the calibration model, GP is not only able to capture the possibly nonlinear relationship between the sensor responses and the various exposure-condition factors, but also able to provide valid statistical inference for uncertainty quantification of the target estimates (e.g., the estimated analyte concentration of an unknown environment). Built on GP's inference ability, an experimental design method was developed to achieve efficient sampling of calibration data in a batch sequential manner. The resulting calibration procedure, which integrates the GP-based modeling and experimental design, was applied on a simulated chemiresistor sensor to demonstrate its effectiveness and its efficiency over the traditional method.
Pollination of Guarianthe skinneri, an ornamental food deception orchid in Southern Florida, by the naturalized orchid bee Euglossa viridissima

A Mesoamerican orchid bee Euglossa viridissima, recently naturalized in Florida, is pollinating cultivated plants of Guarianthe skinneri, also native to Mesoamerica. The flowers were found to be self compatible and nectarless. Of 25 bees observed to visit 31 G. skinneri flowers, 18 picked up pollinaria, and 17 of the bees left the plant after visiting a single flower of this food deception orchid. The bee's behavior lends support to the idea that food deception pollination systems reduce geitonogamy and promote outcrossing. Cultivated G. skinneri plants growing where the orchid bee occurs in Florida are fruiting which creates the possibility of the naturalization of this orchid. Euglossa viridissima is probably a pollinator of G. skinneri in Mesoamerica where they co-occur.
Phage display identification of age-associated TNFα-mediated cardiac oxidative induction

Age-associated alterations in the actions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the heart with impaired cardioprotective pathways and enhanced apoptotic induction may contribute to the increased sev...
Allosteric Modulation Balances Thermodynamic Stability and Restores Function of ΔF508 CFTR

Most cystic fibrosis is caused by a deletion of a single residue (F508) in CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) that disrupts the folding and biosynthetic maturation of the ion channel protein. Progress towards understanding the underlying mechanisms and overcoming the defect remains incomplete. Here, we show that the thermal instability of human ΔF508 CFTR channel activity evident in both cell-attached membrane patches and planar phospholipid bilayers is not observed in corresponding mutant CFTRs of several non-mammalian species. These more stable orthologs are distinguished from their mammalian counterparts by the substitution of proline residues at several key dynamic locations in first N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1), including the structurally diverse region, the γ-phosphate switch loop, and the regulatory insertion. Molecular dynamics analyses revealed that addition of the prolines could reduce flexibility at these locations and increase the temperatures of unfolding transitions of ΔF508 NBD1 to that of the wild type. Introduction of these prolines experimentally into full-length human ΔF508 CFTR together with the already recognized I539T suppressor mutation, also in the structurally diverse region, restored channel function and thermodynamic stability as well as its trafficking to and lifetime at the cell surface. Thus, while cellular manipulations that circumvent its culling by quality control systems leave ΔF508 CFTR dysfunctional at physiological temperature, restoration of the delicate balance between the dynamic protein's inherent stability and channel activity returns a near-normal state.
Integrated traffic protocol for personal communication networks

The future success of the personal communications service depends on its ability to accommodate the diverse multimedia traffic which will be generated from the numerous and diverse future applications and services. For doing so, algorithms capable of accommodating integrated traffic generated by diverse applications with different quality of service requirements are needed. In the present work we present some potential solutions based on the principles of the reservation random access.
First cohomology groups of Chevalley groups in cross characteristic

Let G be a simple Chevalley group dened over Fq. We show that if r does not divide q and k is an algebraically closed eld of characteristic r, then very few irreducible kG-modules have nonzero H 1 (G;V ). We also give an explicit upper bound for dimH 1 (G;V ) for V an irreducible kG-module that does not depend on q, but only on the rank of the group. Cline, Parshall and Scott showed that such a bound exists when rjq. We obtain extremely strong bounds in the case that a Borel subgroup has no xed points on V .
Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro

A software package is presented for performing reduction and analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) data. A graphical interface has been developed to visualize and quickly reduce raw SANS and USANS data into one- or two-dimensional formats for interpretation. The resulting reduced data can then be analyzed using model-independent methods or non-linear fitting to one of a large and growing catalog of included structural models. The different instrumental smearing effects for slit-smeared USANS and pinhole-smeared SANS data are handled automatically during analysis. In addition, any number of SANS and USANS data sets can be analyzed simultaneously. The reduction operations and analysis models are written in a modular format for extensibility, allowing users to contribute code and models for distribution to all users. The software package is based on Igor Pro, providing freely distributable and modifiable code that runs on Macintosh and Windows operating systems.
State space representation of holonomic and nonholonomic constraints resulting from rolling contacts

The control of mechanical systems subjected to rolling contacts is studied. Rolling contacts result in both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The focus of this paper is on formulating the differential motion equations and algebraic constraint equations into the standard state space representation of dynamic control systems. The position-level holonomic constraints are approximated by a set of velocity-level constraint equations that asymptotically converge to the original holonomic constraints. The approximation removes the numerical instability and ensures the satisfaction of holonomic constraints, particularly in computer simulations. Further, the approximation eliminates the need to solve holonomic constraints either analytically or numerically. The resulting approach makes it possible to treat systems with holonomic constraints, systems with nonholonomic constraints, and systems with both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints in a unified framework. The approach facilitates the computer simulation of mechanical systems with rolling constraints.
User-centric data migration in networked storage systems

This paper considers the problem of balancing locality and load in networked storage systems with multiple storage devices (or bricks). Data distribution affects locality and load balance across the devices in a networked storage system. This paper proposes a user-centric data migration scheme which tries to balance locality and load in such networked storage systems. The presented approach automatically and transparently manages migration of data blocks among disks as data access patterns and loads change over time. We implemented a prototype system, embodying our ideas, on PCs running Linux. This paper presents the design of user-centric migration and an evaluation of it through realistic experiments.
Temperature-dependent electronic structures, atomistic modelling and the negative thermal expansion of δ Pu

Proximity to the localization–delocalization boundary results in strong temperature dependence of the electronic structures of strongly correlated materials. In this work, we incorporate this effect by introducing a phenomenological temperature-dependent parameterization of the modified embedded-atom method. We combine this model with molecular dynamics to simulate the diverse physical properties of the and phases of elemental plutonium. The new model improves upon earlier studies, it captures the negative thermal expansion and the strong temperature dependence of the bulk modulus in the -phase. We trace this improvement to a strong softening of phonons near the zone boundary and an increase of anharmonic effects induced by the temperature-dependent parameterization upon increasing temperature.
Monthly Temperature Observations for Uganda

AbstractThe International Surface Temperature Initiative is a worldwide effort to locate weather observations, digitize them for public access, and attach provenance to them. As part of that effort, this study sought documents of temperature observations for the nation of Uganda. Although scattered reports were found for the 1890s, consistent record keeping appears to have begun in 1900. Data were keyed in from images of several types of old forms as well as accessed electronically from several sources to extend the time series of 32 stations with at least 4 yr of data back as far as data were available. Important gaps still remain; 1979–93 has virtually no observations from any station. Because many stations were represented by more than one data source, a scheme is described to extract the “best guess” values for each station of monthly averages of the daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature. A preliminary examination of the national time series indicates that, since the early twentieth century, it...
Centralization trends in thyroid cancer surgery

Introduction Recent guidelines recommend considering central lymph node dissection (CLND) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. We set out to examine trends in regionalization of thyroidectomy and utilization of lymphadenectomy (LND). Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to examine trends in thyroid cancer surgery. All patients undergoing thyroidectomy for cancer from 1999-2008 were included. Hospitals were defined as Rural(R), Urban Non-Teaching (UNT), or Urban Teaching (UT). Results Thyroidectomy for cancer increased from 13,940 in 1999 to 23,814 in 2008. The proportion of thyroidectomies at each hospital type has not changed. Utilization of LND has increased as a proportion of all thyroidectomies from 8% in 1999 to 13% in 2008 (p Conclusions Thyroidectomy for cancer has increased significantly in the past decade. Although no change was observed in the proportion of cases performed by hospital type, patients at an UT hospital were more likely to undergo a lymphadenectomy than at other hospital types. LOS and hypocalcemia are inversely proportional to the rates of lymphadenectomy
An Exercise for Illustrating the Logic of Hypothesis Testing.

Hypothesis testing is one of the more difficult concepts for students to master in a basic, undergraduate statistics course. Students often are puzzled as to why statisticians simply don't calculate the probability that a hypothesis is true. This article presents an exercise that forces students to lay out on their own a procedure for testing a hypothesis. The result is that the students develop a better understanding for the rationale and process of hypothesis testing. As a consequence, they improve their ability to grasp the meaning of a p-value and to interpret the results of a significance test.
Collective Ambition, Creative Chaos, Information Redundancy, and Shared Knowledge in Integrated Product Development - Case Study

The use of cross-functional teams in integrated product development (IPD) has become a common practice in industry. Despite an extant body of literature on the importance of knowledge management in cross-functional team execution, the drivers of knowledge sharing in cross-functional teams in IPD projects have not been adequately addressed. Knowledge sharing among the IPD team members help in complex problem solving and decision-making during the course of the concurrent project environment. In this article we present findings on knowledge sharing in IPD projects from our interviews with project executives from four diverse companies. Based on social cognitive and information processing theories, the current case study proposes a theoretical framework on some of the important determinants of shared knowledge. An understanding of such determinants can help managers in IPD to promote information and knowledge sharing which may lead to superior IPD project performance.
The stimulation of intestinal cholesterogenesis in the rat by phenobarbital.

SummaryThe administration of phenobarbital to rats (80 mg/kg/day for 5 days) was associated with an increased incorporation of acetate into cholesterol by liver and small intestine in vitro. The stimulating effect of phenobarbital on intestinal cholesterogenesis has not previously been reported. Its overall effect on systemic cholesterol metabolism remains to be determined.
Isolation of Vibrio cholerae Serotype Ogawa from a Florida Estuary

Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa was recently isolated from the estuarine waters of Apalachicola Bay, Fla., in areas that are subject to consistent fecal contamination and in areas that are remote from any apparent source of contamination. The significance of these organisms in the environment has not been determined.
Process and domain specificity in regions engaged for face processing: An fmri study of perceptual differentiation

The degree to which face-specific brain regions are specialized for different kinds of perceptual processing is debated. This study parametrically varied demands on featural, first-order configural, or second-order configural processing of faces and houses in a perceptual matching task to determine the extent to which the process of perceptual differentiation was selective for faces regardless of processing type (domain-specific account), specialized for specific types of perceptual processing regardless of category (process-specific account), engaged in category-optimized processing (i.e., configural face processing or featural house processing), or reflected generalized perceptual differentiation (i.e., differentiation that crosses category and processing type boundaries). ROIs were identified in a separate localizer run or with a similarity regressor in the face-matching runs. The predominant principle accounting for fMRI signal modulation in most regions was generalized perceptual differentiation. Nearly all regions showed perceptual differentiation for both faces and houses for more than one processing type, even if the region was identified as face-preferential in the localizer run. Consistent with process specificity, some regions showed perceptual differentiation for first-order processing of faces and houses (right fusiform face area and occipito-temporal cortex and right lateral occipital complex), but not for featural or second-order processing. Somewhat consistent with domain specificity, the right inferior frontal gyrus showed perceptual differentiation only for faces in the featural matching task. The present findings demonstrate that the majority of regions involved in perceptual differentiation of faces are also involved in differentiation of other visually homogenous categories.
LIQUIDITY PROVISION IN CAPACITY-CONSTRAINED MARKETS

We study a competitive dynamic financial market subject to a transient selling pressure when market makers face a capacity constraint on their number of trades per unit of time with outside investors. We show that profit-maximizing market makers provide liquidity in order to manage their trading capacity constraint optimally over time: they use slack trading capacity early to accumulate assets when the selling pressure is strong in order to relax their trading capacity constraint and sell to buyers more quickly when the selling pressure subsides. When the trading capacity constraint binds, the bid–ask spread is strictly positive, widening and narrowing as market makers build up and unwind their inventories. Because the equilibrium asset allocation is constrained Pareto-optimal, the time variations in bid–ask spread are not a symptom of inefficient liquidity provision.
Pirates, Blackmailers — And Rule 20

In the war between digital pirates and copyright holders, one battle is being fought over adult content. Many copyright holders in this skirmish attempt to use mass litigation to, in effect, blackmail pirates into paying settlements in exchange for confidentiality. But rather than address the litigation dynamics at this basic level, the courtroom discourse focuses on the meaning of Rule 20 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A split of authority, both within and across circuits, demonstrates the inadequacy of this legal framework to address the reality of the fight. But there is an alternative. As some judges are beginning to put into practice, and as justice requires, these cases should be viewed skeptically through a potential abuse of process lens.
Study of feature selection algorithms for text-categorization

This paper will discuss feature selection algorithms for text-categorization. Feature selection algorithms are very important, as they can make-or-break a categorization engine. The feature selection algorithms that will be discussed in this paper are Document Frequency, Information Gain, Chi Squared, Mutual Information, NGL (NgGoh-Low) coefficient, and GSS (GalavottiSebastiani-Simi) coefficient. The general idea of any feature selection algorithm is to determine the importance of words using some measure that can keep informative words, and remove non-informative words, which can then help the text-categorization engine categorize a document, D, into some category, C. These feature selection methods are explained, implemented, and are provided results for in this paper. This paper also discusses how we gathered and constructed training and testing data, along with the setup and storage techniques we used.
Intracellular Ca transients in rat cardiac myocytes: role of Na-Ca exchange in excitation-contraction coupling.

Membrane current and intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i) transients were recorded from isolated rat ventricular myocytes under voltage-clamp control. The cells were dialyzed by the patch pipette solution, which contained the fluorescent Ca indicator indo-1 and 0.5 mM Na. Under these experimental conditions, Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange did not appear to be appreciable even in the absence of extracellular Na. Increasing the duration of voltage-clamp pulses from 5 to 80 ms produced [Ca]i transients of increasing amplitude, while the peak Ca current was not changed. This duration dependence of the [Ca]i transient was most demonstrable at more negative test potentials (e.g., -20 to -30 mV) and was not qualitatively modified by Na-free solutions. This latter result indicates that Ca extrusion by Na-Ca exchange is not responsible for the smaller [Ca]i transients observed when the membrane is repolarized after very brief depolarizations. Although the peak Ca current was not changed by increasing pulse duration, the integrated Ca current was increased. These observations are consistent with a Ca-release mechanism in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in which 1) the Ca-release process can be modulated by membrane potential or 2) the Ca entering the cell via Ca channels has a preferential access [compared with Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)] to the site(s) that control SR Ca release. The role of Na-Ca exchange in the decline of [Ca]i during relaxation was also explored. Removal of extracellular Na (Nao) resulted in 20% slowing of the decline in [Ca]i during relaxation. From this, we conclude that the Na-Ca exchange competes with SR to remove Ca from the cytoplasm and that under our control conditions the exchanger may account for 20% of this decline. The Nao dependence of relaxation was reduced at more positive membrane potentials and increased by SR Ca loading.
Treatment of Infantile Bowleg Using Foot Appliances

Seven cases (thirteen legs) of infantile severe bowleg were treated using foot appliances and shoe alterations with medial heightened wedge soles. Averge age of patients was 1.5 years (range, 1.3-1.8 years) at the begining of treatment. The patients used the orthosis for an average of 16 months (range, 10-23 months). Average follow-up period was 4.3 years. We used the femoro-tibial angle (FTA) and metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) for radiographic evaluation. During the assessment no patients were found to have radiographic evidence of Blount disease. At the time of follow-up, no deformities or malalignment of the lower extremities were found and all patients obtained normal FTA and MDA. We consider this foot appliance to be useful and easy to use for patients in treating infantile severe bowlegs.
The UCLA study of Predictors of Cognitive Functioning Following Moderate/Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVES: Following pediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI), few predictors have been identified that can reliably identify which individuals are at risk for long-term cognitive difficulties. This study sought to determine the relative contribution of detailed descriptors of injury severity as well as demographic and psychosocial factors to long-term cognitive outcomes after pediatric msTBI. METHODS: Participants included 8- to 19-year-olds, 46 with msTBI and 53 uninjured healthy controls (HC). Assessments were conducted in the post-acute and chronic stages of recovery. Medical record review provided details regarding acute injury severity. Parents also completed a measure of premorbid functioning and behavioral problems. The outcome of interest was four neurocognitive measures sensitive to msTBI combined to create an index of cognitive performance. RESULTS: Results indicated that none of the detailed descriptors of acute injury severity predicted cognitive performance. Only the occurrence of injury, parental education, and premorbid academic competence predicted post-acute cognitive functioning. Long-term cognitive outcomes were best predicted by post-acute cognitive functioning. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that premorbid factors influence cognitive outcomes nearly as much as the occurrence of a msTBI. Furthermore, of youth with msTBI who initially recover to a level of moderate disability or better, a brief cognitive battery administered within several months after injury can best predict which individuals will experience poor long-term cognitive outcomes and require additional services. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1-8). Language: en
Research of food safety risk in catering industry of Zhongshan

Objective:To investigate the quantitative classification,after the implementation of food safety risk level of the catering industry in Zhongshan City to monitor the department to provide a scientific theoretical data.Methods:Using stratified random sampling on the part of the catering industry of food raw materials,food products,tableware high-risk factor for testing.Results:Detection of food raw materials 213,196 were qualified,a pass rate of 92.0%.15 substandard food materials,are mainly sulfur dioxide residue,peroxide value,lead,mercury,colony total number of coliform bacteria such as excessive,as well as aquatic products in the detection of Salmonella.Detection of 230 food products,qualified 146 copies,pass rate 63.5%.Among them,grilled passing rate of 60.2%,49.1% passing rate of cold food products,bread and pastries passing rate of 90.9%.Detection of tableware 1000,qualified 985 copies,with a pass rate of 98.5%.Conclusion:Restaurant food hygiene indicators are more ideal,but still there are pesticide residues in vegetables,as well as the phenomenon of heavy metal pollution.Cold food in food products is of relatively low pass rate,there are some restaurants illegal use of color.In the future,the catering industry should improve food hygiene and quality,reduce pollution and effectively ensure the safety of food to prevent food poisoning from occurring.
Initial Academic Momentum and Student Success: Comparing 4- and 2-Year Students.

ABSTRACTToday, many full-time students spend one, two, or more additional years completing a 2-year associate or 4-year bachelor degree. In order to reduce this time frame, many institutions are utilizing a 15 to Finish campaign to encourage full-time students to enroll in 15 credits each semester. The first purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between the number of credit hours enrolled in the first semester and the number of credits earned at the end of the first year. Concurrently, it examined how a student’s initial academic momentum (i.e., the number of credit hours earned in the first year) relates to student persistence and degree completion. The second purpose was to determine if there was a relationship between a student’s socioeconomic status and the number of credit hours enrolled in the first semester—and if it is feasible for low-income students, who primarily attend community colleges, to afford additional credit hours. The results showed that more students who ear...
What is known and not known about volunteer policing in the United States

Volunteer police have always been a part of policing, and currently field approximately 20% of the numbers of full-time paid officers in the United States. Given this long history and significant p...
Computation of Target-Measurement Association Probabilities Using the Matrix Permanent

The computation of measurement (or missed detection) to target-association probabilities is an essential part of many tracking algorithms. This paper generalizes previous work to show the relationship between measurement assignment and the matrix permanent given the possibility of missed detections and clutter. A simple expression is given for the target-measurement association probabilities in terms of the matrix permanent and efficient algorithms for computing the matrix permanent are summarized.
Neural Attribute Machines for Program Generation.

Recurrent neural networks have achieved remarkable success at generating sequences with complex structures, thanks to advances that include richer embeddings of input and cures for vanishing gradients. Trained only on sequences from a known grammar, though, they can still struggle to learn rules and constraints of the grammar. Neural Attribute Machines (NAMs) are equipped with a logical machine that represents the underlying grammar, which is used to teach the constraints to the neural machine by (i) augmenting the input sequence, and (ii) optimizing a custom loss function. Unlike traditional RNNs, NAMs are exposed to the grammar, as well as samples from the language of the grammar. During generation, NAMs make significantly fewer violations of the constraints of the underlying grammar than RNNs trained only on samples from the language of the grammar.
Διεκδικητικό Κίνημα και Πολιτική: Ο ελληνικός συνδικαλισμός πριν από τη δικτατορία (1962-1967)

Το κeίμeνο αυτό στοχeύeι διπλά: αφeνός, σe μια καταρχάς συγκριτι- κή-θeωρητική διατύπωση των eυρύτeρων ιστορικών-δομικών χαρακτηριστικών και της αναπτυξιακής τροχιάς του eλληνικού eργατικού κινήματος και, αφeτέρου, στη διeρeννηση της συνeισφοράς τον στο κοινωνικό και πολιτικό γίγνeσθαι κατά την κρίσιμη πeνταeτία πριν από τη δικτατορία. Το άρθρο διατυπώνeι τα πρώτα eρeυνητικά συμπeράσματα για (α) την eξέλιξη της συνδικαλιστικής αντιπολίτeυσης στον eσωτeρικό θeσμικό χώρο του κινήματος (β) την αμφίδρομη σχέση που η αντιπολίτeυση αυτή eίχe μe το διeκδικητικό κίνημα και την πολιτική συγκυρία, και (γ) τη σημασία της πολιτικής των eργατικών οργανώσeων καθώς και των πολιτικών κομμάτων μe eπιρροή στα λαϊκά στρώματα, ως παράγοντα που βοηθά στην eρμηνeία της αδυναμίας του eργατικού κινήματος να προβάλλeι ουσιαστική αντίδραση στην eπιβολή της δικτατορίας. Το κeίμeνο τeλeιώνeι μe eκτeνή βιβλιογραφική αναφορά σe πρόσφατeς μeλέτeς που eννοιολογούν συγκριτικά την eπίδραση της δικτατορίας στον eλληνικό συνδικαλισμό.
Culture Change Movement in Nursing Homes/Person‐Centered Care/Household Models

In long-term care, the phrase culture change (CC) is often used interchangeably with person-centered initiatives to refer to an enhanced social model of care. Evolving from a growing concern about the oppression of traditionally institutional-based nursing home care, the goal of CC is to create a system of interdependency that enhances the quality of life of residents as well as the quality of the work environment for staff. These models include Action Pact, the Eden Alternative, Planetree, and the Wellspring Model. This type of care requires changes across several dimensions of the nursing home setting: organizational, operational, and environmental. In more highly evolved CC, organizations' core services are decentralized and the physical environment is redesigned into a household, reducing the scale of the functional areas where residents live and staff work. Keywords: human rights; institutions; social norms
Street Gangs: A Modeling Approach to Evaluating “At-Risk” Youth and Communities

Street gangs continue to plague the nation. One focus of current gang prevention efforts is to strive to reduce the number of potential members recruited by local street gangs and to advocate for more resources to promote healthy communities. This research outlines the use of analytical modeling and decision analysis to aid in identifying potentially “at-risk” children likely to join a street gang. As an illustrative example, we use data developed from a particular Ohio county. We examine multiple demographic measures and, based on these data, identify children potentially at risk for gang membership. A stronger means of identification of at-risk children can lead to a more efficient placement of resources to reduce the number of street gang recruits. We then take a similar approach to identify communities in the same Ohio county at risk for increased incidence of youth gang membership. This analysis can support public policy decision making regarding social investments for gang prevention efforts. While developed for a specific county, the approaches can be modified and extended to different locales.
DesignScript: Origins, Explanation, Illustration

DesignScript, as the name suggests, is positioned at the intersection of design and programming. DesignScript can be viewed as part of the continuing tradition of the development of parametric and associative modeling tools for advanced architectural design and building engineering. Much of the thought processes that contribute to the effective use of DesignScript builds on the tradition of parametric design and associative modeling that is already widely distributed amongst the creative members of the architectural and engineering communities. Many of the existing parametric and associative modelling tools also support conventional scripting via connections to existing programming languages. The originality of DesignScript is that associative and parametric modeling is integrated with conventional scripting. Indeed, the definition of the associative and parametric model is recorded directly in DesignScript. But it is not what DesignScript does which is important, more what a designer can do with DesignScript. It is this change in the way you think that makes DesignScript worth learning.
Optimal-Transport-Based Tracking of Space Objects Using Range Data from a Single Ranging Station

In this paper, an optimal-transport-based state estimation algorithm is applied to the debris-tracking problem, with real range data from a single ranging station. It is shown that the optimal-tran...
Interview with Sharon Daniel

Ryan Watson (RW): Your work over the last 15 or so years, despite a diversity of topics, has seemed to involve three main facets. First is the accumulation of nonfiction and documentary audio and v...
Advanced Biliary Procedures

The comprehensive management of gallbladder disease includes not only understanding the principles of safe cholecystectomy, intraoperative cholangiography, and bile duct exploration but also the familiarity of the current endoscopic and surgical therapies for the known associated morbidities and special scenarios. In this chapter, we will review several advanced biliary procedures including both endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical bilioenteric anastomoses as well as transduodenal sphincteroplasty with contemporary approaches, indications, technical description, and existing supportive evidence.
Translation as Mobile practice

Abstract Combining insights from an inter-disciplinary body of research on translation, this study argues that translation be theorized as a site to perform embodied, situated, and mediated rhetorical work. This study examines the translation practices of Morgan, a multilingual writer, as mediated by a transnational network of brokers, semiotic resources, and digital tools. By tracing the role of translation in her completion of a first year writing assignment across formal, informal, and digital spaces, I illustrate the extraordinary cognitive, emotional, and physical labor of translation. Working from a mobility framework, this study explores translation as simultaneously fluid, frictive, and fixed when students engage in open inquiry into and negotiate with language, rhetorical, and cultural differences during multilingual composing. The passage of textual meaning across languages, readers, and rhetorical traditions brings into convergence multiple cultural narratives, multilingual and semiotic repertoires, rhetorical traditions and learning trajectories, which creates tensions and fissures as well as opportunities for innovation and creativity. By making visible the backstage, collaborative scenes of translation, I explore translation as fertile grounds for retooling writing-related knowledge and strategies, which will help second language writing instructors to reconsider pedagogical practices.
Peptide Synthesis without Ribosomes

One of the largest and most important groups of microbial secondary metabolites comprises peptides that are synthesized by enzymes instead of ribosomes. Of the thousands of known non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), many are cyclic, but others are linear or a mixture of cyclic and linear (von Dohren, 1990). A hallmark of NRPs is the presence of unusual amino acids, either proteinogenic ones modified by acylation, epimerization, N-methylation, hydroxylation, etc., or non-proteinogenic amino acids such as ornithine and β-amino acids. NRPs can contain even larger, more complex moieties, such as lysergic acid in the case of ergotamine (Figure 7. 1D) or 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilic acid in actinomycin (Marahiel et al., 1997). Some NRPs contain ester-linked hydroxy acids in addition to amino acids. Biogenically, there is no fundamental distinction between the ester-containing NRPs, called depsipeptides, and the NRPs that contain just amino acids.
Advances in anatomical visualization on the head and neck through robotic surgery: A Brazilian perspective

Trans Oral Robotic Surgery (TORS) is an emerging technique that provides several benefits over existing treatment regimens for head and neck cancer, including smaller incisions, less bleeding, shorter term inpatient hospitalization, and reduced intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. TORS allows a high resolution, magnified, three-dimensional wide view of the surgical field through an endoscope, avoiding large external cervical incisions and split-lip mandibulotomy, usually required in cancer surgeries of the oropharynx. The anatomy of the Oropharynx viewed from the perspective of the robotic surgeon is different from the anatomy taught in medical schools and residence/fellowship programs, which is more directly related to emergency procedures, open field surgery, and imaging exams. Developing an understanding of the anatomic relationships and landmarks from the "inside out" perspective is critical for any surgeon willing to perform surgical procedures through a transoral robotic approach. Here we address the major anatomic landmarks and structures in head and neck robotic surgeries and advantages and disadvantages of this approach. We emphasize the importance of imaging for successful outcomes, pointing out important anatomic landmarks considered as blind spots for surgeons in clinical and endoscopic evaluations. We also describe the Brazilian current scenario and future perspectives of Robotic Surgery in terms of training and access to this technique, including institutions that currently offer this service in the different regions of Brazil.
Sliding Mode Control Enabled Hybrid Energy Storage System for Islanded DC Microgrids with Pulsing Loads

Abstract This paper aims to improve the control of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) within an islanded DC microgrid with pulsing power loads. While the PV power generation unit operates as the main power source, a combination of battery and supercapacitor is incorporated to efficiently fulfill the excess power demand based on different loading conditions. In order to ensure the proper battery discharge rate, the conventional low pass filtering approach for decoupling the average and transient HESS current components is replaced with a single rate limiter. By the elimination of low pass filter (LPF), the challenges for non-systematic selection of cut-off frequency is rectified as more tangible factors, such as battery discharge rate, can be incorporated for decoupling purposes. In addition, the associated undesirable phase lag and enhanced nonlinear effect on the current responses caused by the low-order LPFs are avoided. To ensure proper tracking of the rate-limited current setpoints and avoid common windup issues associated with PI controllers in the presence of system nonlinearities and uncertainties, the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is employed for the battery current regulation. In order to address the sluggish response of linear controller to the fast transients frequently observed on the supercapacitor current setpoints, the same sliding surface structure with modified tuning is utilized. For the supercapacitor cyclic charging instances, an on-the-fly charging approach is deployed, which unlike the previously reported schemes ensures uninterruptible charging in the presence of frequent load transients such as pulsing power loads. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the real-time simulation studies using Typhoon HIL-402 is performed.
Sharp density bounds on the finite field Kakeya

A Kakeya set in $\mathbb{F}_q^n$ is a set containing a line in every direction. We show that every Kakeya set in $\mathbb{F}_q^n$ has density at least $1/2^{n-1}$, matching the construction by Dvir, Kopparty, Saraf and Sudan.
Studies of PAG/PVG stimulation for pain relief in humans.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the studies of periaqueductal gray (PAG)/ periventricular gray (PVG) stimulation for pain relief in humans. PAG electrical stimulation produce a profound analgesia without other obvious neurological effects. A major difference between stimulation of human PAC and techniques used in animal studies is that, it is not possible to determine whether a particular electrode is effective in relieving pain during the initial implantation procedure in human subjects. Early studies indicated that SPA could be at least partially blocked by systemically-administered naloxone. The analgesic effects seen in the animals are of immediate onset and are often short-lived, while those in humans have a slower onset and last longer. Electrical stimulation of the PAG is used for the treatment of patients with severe, medically-refractory pain problems. Well-designed prospective studies are essential for a better understanding of analgesic mechanisms in humans to improve success rates for this procedure.