cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution of Vascular Steal After Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

Patients who undergo thromboendarterectomy for relief of chronic, major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CT-E PH) offer a unique opportunity to evaluate potential resolution of hypertensive lesions in the small, nonelastic pulmonary arteries. Prior studies have demonstrated that, postoperatively, these patients commonly develop new perfusion scan defects. This "vascular steal" phenomenon occurs almost exclusively in lung segments which, preoperatively, were normally perfused by lung scan, were served by segmental arteries normal by pulmonary angiography, and, at surgery, were uninvolved with thrombi by direct inspection. In this study, we explored whether this intriguing "steal" phenomenon resolves over time. Twenty-nine patients who returned at 11 or more months following thromboendarterectomy were reevaluated by perfusion lung scan, repeated right heart catheterization (26 patients), and pulmonary angiography (25 patients). "Steal" of one or more lung segments occurred in 79 percent of patients in postoperative, predischarge perfusion scans. All demonstrated postoperative improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics, which persisted at follow-up. Postoperative "steal" improved in 96 percent of patients and 86 percent of the "stolen" segments. The results suggest that, in CT-E PH, hypertensive lesions in the small, nonelastic pulmonary arteries are responsible for "steal," and that, with relief of pulmonary hypertension, these lesions can resolve. The study also indicates that postoperative "steal" does not connote either new thromboembolic events or a poor hemodynamic result.
Inferring social relations from visual concepts

In this paper, we study the problem of social relational inference using visual concepts which serve as indicators of actors' social interactions. While social network analysis from videos has started to gain attention in the recent years, the existing work either uses proximity or co-occurrence statistics, or exploit a holistic model of the scene content where the relations are assumed to stay constant throughout the video. This work permits changing relations and argues that there exists a relationship between the visual concepts and the social relations among actors, which is a fundamentally new concept in computer vision. Specifically, we leverage the existing large-scale concept detectors to generate concept score vectors to represent the video content, and we further map them to grouping cues that are used to detect the social structure. In our framework, a probabilistic graphical model with temporal smoothing provides a means to analyze social relations among actors and detect communities. Experiments on Youtube videos and theatrical movies validate the proposed framework.
Experimental Demonstration of Photonic Millimeter-Wave System for High Capacity Point-to-Point Wireless Communications

We present experimental results of 10 Gb/s wireless communications over a distance of 520 meters in the W-band. The transmitter makes use of photonic upconversion with a high bandwidth photodiode to allow for minimum hardware at the antenna. We present results with two receiver configurations. The first uses all electronic methods with a balanced Schottky diode mixer for downconversion, and the second uses photonics to limit the hardware at the receive antenna by photonically generating the local oscillator drive signal and transporting the intermediate frequency signal over a microwave photonic link.
Serum dopamine beta hydroxylase and maltreatment in psychiatrically hospitalized boys

Fifty boys, hospitalized on a school-age and an adolescent unit in an intermediate length psychiatric hospital, were studied while off psychoactive medication to determine how serum dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity varies with different childhood maltreatment experiences. Childhood maltreatment was categorized according to onset (before 36 months old, between 36-72 months old and over 72 months old). Childhood maltreatment groups were compared with a group of psychiatrically hospitalized boys who had neither been abused nor neglected. Boys who were younger than 72 months at age of onset of maltreatment had significantly lower DBH activity than those who had experienced maltreatment later in childhood and those who had not been subjected to abuse or neglect. This difference appeared attributable to the DBH activity of school age (but not adolescent) boys who had been abused/neglected before 72 months. Boys with a principal diagnosis of conduct disorder solitary aggressive type had lower DBH activity than boys without this diagnosis regardless of whether or not they had been maltreated. Low serum DBH may be a biological sequela of maltreatment early in life that correlates with the development of conduct disorder solitary aggressive type in boys.
Tobacco use and pathological gambling.

Background. Evidence supports phenomenological, clinical, epidemiological and biological links between problem/pathological gambling and tobacco use. An improved understanding of the relationship would be helpful in treating individuals with co-occurring pathological gambling and nicotine dependence.Methods. This study investigates the tobacco use behaviors of 225 adults (mean age ± SD = 47.3 ± 11.0 years; number of women = 120 [53.3%]) who were recruited for pharmacological treatment of pathological gambling. All subjects met criteria for pathological gambling based upon the Structured Clinical Interview for Pathological Gambling (SCI-PG), a DSM-IV-based diagnostic interview, and were assessed at baseline with multiple reliable and valid measures of gambling severity.Results. 159 (70.7%) subjects were either current (n = 110; 48.9%) or prior daily smokers (n = 49; 21.8%). Compared with the group of never smokers, the group of current and prior daily smokers was more likely to be older (F = 3.55; df = 2, ...
Characterization of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 carboxyl-terminal domain as a protein kinase.

Abstract The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) is an important regulatory domain in RSK and a model for kinase regulation of FXXFXF(Y) motifs in AGC kinases. Its properties had not been studied. We reconstituted activation of the CTD inEscherichia coli by co-expression with active ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). GST-RSK2-(aa373–740) was phosphorylated in the P-loop (Thr577) by MAPK, accompanied by increased phosphorylation on the hydrophobic motif site, Ser386. Activated GST-RSK2-(aa373–740) phosphorylates synthetic peptides based on Ser386. The peptide RRQLFRGFSFVAK, which was termed CTDtide, was phosphorylated with K m and V max values of ∼140 μm and ∼1 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Residues Leu at p −5 and Arg at p −3 are important for substrate recognition, but a hydrophobic residue at p +4 is not. RSK2 CTD is a much more selective peptide kinase than MAPK-activated protein kinase 2. CTDtide was used to probe regulation of hemagglutinin-tagged RSK proteins immunopurified from epidermal growth factor-stimulated BHK-21 cells. K100A but not K451A RSK2 phosphorylates CTDtide, indicating a requirement for the CTD. RSK2-(aa1–389) phosphorylates the S6 peptide, and this activity is inactivated by S386A mutation, but RSK2-(aa1–389) does not phosphorylate CTDtide. In contrast, RSK2-(aa373–740) containing only the CTD phosphorylates CTDtide robustly. Thus, CTDtide is phosphorylated by the CTD but not the NH2-terminal domain (NTD). Epidermal growth factor activates the CTD and NTD in parallel. Activity of the CTD for peptide phosphorylation correlates with Thr577 phosphorylation. CTDtide activity is constrained in full-length RSK2. Interestingly, mutation of the conserved lysine in the ATP-binding site of the NTD completely eliminates S6 kinase activity, but a similar mutation of the CTD does not completely ablate kinase activity for intramolecular phosphorylation of Ser386, even though it greatly reduces CTDtide activity. The standard lysine mutation used routinely to study kinase functions in vivo may be unsatisfactory when the substrate is intramolecular or in a tight complex.
Distal axonopathy: one common type of neurotoxic lesion.

Neurotoxic chemicals commonly produce retrograde degeneration of the axons of long and large nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous system. This produces a clinical picture of polyneuro...
R15α1 and R15α2 peptides from Aplysia: Comparison of bioactivity, distribution, and function of two peptides generated by alternative splicing

The mRNA precursor encoded by the R15 gene is alternatively spliced in different neurons to form two related variants, R15-1 and R15-2 mRNA. One of the peptides encoded by the R15-2 mRNA, the R15 alpha 1 peptide, is expressed in the endogenously bursting neuron R15 and mediates some of its central and peripheral synaptic actions. In this study we found that the R15 alpha 2 peptide, which is encoded by the R15-1 mRNA, is synthesized in other neurons in the abdominal ganglion and is also bioactive. The R15 alpha 1 and R15 alpha 2 peptides were found to exert many similar actions on the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. However, the differences between many of the pharmacological effects of the R15 alpha 1 and R15 alpha 2 peptides indicate that alternative splicing in this system results in two functionally different peptides. Widespread immunoreactivity was found for an antibody directed against the R15 alpha 2 peptide, both in the central nervous system and the periphery. But because of the shared sequence with the R15 alpha 1 peptide, the antibody cross-reacts with the R15 alpha 1 peptide. To distinguish immunocytochemically between the two peptides, we also raised a second antibody that recognizes only the R15 alpha 1 peptide. This antibody labeled the cell body of only one neuron in the central nervous system, R15, although widespread immunoreactivity was found in axons and varicosities in the periphery.
Polystyrene fractionation by liquid chromatography and identification of the compounds by spectroscopy

The fractionation of polystyrene materials including NBS polystyrene standards 705 and 706 was investigated by liquid adsorption chromatography. Identification of some of the individual components was achieved by infrared spectroscopy using solid pellets, micro internal reflectance techniques and computer-based background substraction methods. Ultraviolet spectroscopy was used as an additional means of identification. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed.
Characteristics of the Continuous Wave Neutral Argon Laser

Study of the characteristics of the CW neutral argon IR laser, using a variety of techniques. The output power enhancement effects of helium and chlorine gases are measured, and the reasons for the enhancement are determined. The gain is measured for the 2.397-, 2.208-, 2.062-, and 1.792-micron laser lines, using an internal cavity-loss method and a single-pass amplifier method. In addition, the saturation intensity is measured, and competition effects are studied. It is concluded that helium aids excitation of the upper laser levels by producing a significant increase in the electron temperature. Chlorine is shown to aid deexcitation of the lower laser levels by partially depopulating the metastable argon 4s levels that lie just below them.
Small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphoma: Burkitt's and non‐Burkitt's variants in the US II. Pathologic and immunologic features

The morphologic criteria for the two variants of small noncleaved follicular center cell (SNC FCC) lymphoma in the Lukes-Collins classification, Burkitt's (BL) and non-Burkitt's variants (NBL), were evaluated and related to the results of multiparameter laboratory and clinical studies. Forty-two patients were studied: 25 cases were classified as BL according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Seventeen cases were classified as NBL on the basis of greater variability in nuclear size and shape, more prominent nucleoli, and greater variation in the amount of cytoplasm. Neoplastic follicles were present in three cases of BL and two of NBL, indicating an FCC origin for this lymphoma. Electron microscopic examination confirmed the light microscopic features. Immunoglobulin (Ig) monoclonality, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence (surface Ig) and/or immunoperoxidase staining for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg), was demonstrated in 21 of 24 (87.5%) of BL and 13 of 16 (71%) of NBL. Clinically, BL presented more frequently in extranodal sites and with gastrointestinal involvement than NBL. Bone marrow involvement was more common in NBL patients. Both groups had advanced stage disease at diagnosis. The median survival was 10.5 months in BL and 7.7 months in NBL. The results of this study indicate that BL and NBL are biologically related variants of SNC FCC lymphoma but have different presentations, which may be clinically significant.
Public relations comes of age

Abstract Public relations (PR) is an important component of a firm's Integrated Marketing Communications strategy. Once populated by such passive acts as issuing press releases and responding to press inquiries, the field has “come of age” and developed into an active part of the firm's promotional activities. Today's PR employs such techniques as event sponsorship, stunt marketing, charitable activities, and placement (the paid appearance of a firm's products within entertainment content). This paper defines contemporary PR practice and develops rules for successful implementation of these modern approaches to promotion.
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase in Hepatitis C Screening of Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract It is recommended that patients on hemodialysis (HD) therapy undergo regular screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by using alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values. However, the utility of using ALT values in this setting is unknown. The aim of this prospective study at the University of California Los Angeles Hepatitis Screening Program is to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of an elevated ALT level for the diagnosis of HCV infection in HD patients. We screened 2,440 HD patients from 39 dialysis centers for viral infection by using hepatitis antibody serological testing and ALT values. We found the sensitivity and specificity of a newly elevated ALT level for acute HCV infection to be 83% and 90%, respectively. According to Bayes’ theorem, the positive predictive value was 4% and the positive likelihood ratio was 8.74. For chronic HCV infection, the sensitivity of a newly elevated aminotransferase level was 21%, and specificity was 91%. The positive predictive value was 16% (according to Bayes’ theorem), and the positive likelihood ratio was 2.47. The negative predictive value of a newly elevated aminotransferase value was 99% for acute HCV infection and 94% for chronic HCV infection. Our results indicate that although a newly elevated aminotransferase level is sensitive and specific for acute HCV infection, its positive predictive value is inadequate. A newly elevated aminotransferase level was neither sensitive nor positively predictive of chronic infection. Therefore, an elevated ALT level is an ineffective method for screening for HCV infection in HD patients.
Negative Feedback in Genetic Circuits Confers Evolutionary Resilience and Capacitance

Natural selection for specific functions places limits upon the amino acid substitutions a protein can accept. Mechanisms that expand the range of tolerable amino acid substitutions include chaperones that can rescue destabilized proteins and additional stability-enhancing substitutions. Here, we present an alternative mechanism that is simple and uses a frequently encountered network motif. Computational and experimental evidence shows that the self-correcting, negative-feedback gene regulation motif increases repressor expression in response to deleterious mutations and thereby precisely restores repression of a target gene. Furthermore, this ability to rescue repressor function is observable across the Eubacteria kingdom through the greater accumulation of amino acid substitutions in negative-feedback transcription factors compared to genes they control. We propose that negative feedback represents a self-contained genetic canalization mechanism that preserves phenotype while permitting access to a wider range of functional genotypes.
Nude mouse model to study passive humoral immunotherapy directed against B16 F10 murine melanoma

A model to study passive humoral immunotherapy of experimental melanoma was generated by subcutaneous injection of B16 F10 murine melanoma cells in the midtail of BALB/C nude (nu/nu) mice. Mice were challenged with melanoma cells pretreated: (1) with complete culture medium, (2) with 10% adjuvant control serum, (3) with 10% anti-fECA (formalinized extracellular antigens) immune serum, or (4) with a monoclonal antibody (mAb H2-3-3) specific for the B700 melanoma-associated antigen. All control mice challenged with melanoma cells pretreated either with culture medium or with medium containing adjuvant control serum (Groups I and II) died during the observation period of 84 days. At day 84, 60% of the mice challenged with melanoma cells pretreated with anti-fECA immune serum (Group III) survived, as did 100% of the mice challenged with cells pretreated with mAb H2-3-3 (Group IV). Injection of melanoma cells pretreated with mAb H2-3-3 was associated with the greatest reduction of subsequent local tumor growth and the lowest number of metastatic lung tumors. The inhibitory effects of immune sera in vivo also correlated with in vitro effects of anti-fECA immune serum and mAb H2-3-3, determined on B16 F10 melanoma target cells using assays for DNA synthesis and antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In sum, this nude mouse model for the study of passive humoral immunotherapy of experimental melanoma was utilized to demonstrate significant protective effects against B16 F10 melanoma cell challenge by treatment with anti-fECA immune sera or a melanoma-specific monoclonal antibody. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Unresolved Issues in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy

Over the last 15 years, a series of well-designed randomized clinical trials has clearly demonstrated that implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy reduces mortality in select high-risk populations. Despite the widespread acceptance of ICD therapy, many questions related to its optimal use remain. This article discusses several key issues now confronting clinicians.
Nonlinear dynamics, complex systems, and the pathobiology of critical illness.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review considers problems in critical illness and critical care in the context of complex systems science. Normal physiology is characterized by nonlinear dynamics, and it appears that the pathophysiology of critical illness alters those dynamics. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence confirms and extends the observation that the rich variability that characterizes normal physiology "decomplexifies" with critical illness. Experimental data in animals and now in humans suggests that physiologic support that mimics normal variability may reduce the severity and/or duration of the illness. SUMMARY Physiologic dynamics in health and in critical illness appear to reflect complex, interconnected systems biology. Alterations in illness and during recovery may provide important clues to the underlying structure of the system. With knowledge of the structure, therapy could be better focused toward supporting both function and dynamics, offering hope for improved outcomes.
In Search of Lincoln's Perfect List: Targeting in Grassroots Campaigns

A key element in winning elections, according to many practitioners, is successfully identifying citizens for targeted campaign communications, and a central tactic for implementing that strategy is through personal-contact campaigning. This article first integrates academic and practitioner perspectives into theoretical arguments about targeted campaigning. Then, using the 1956 to 1998 National Election Studies, the analysis shows that voter registration and age have become increasingly important as criteria for campaign contacts, that contacting rates among urban, sub-urban, and rural areas have equalized, and that campaigns continue to target party regulars, people predisposed to vote, and those who are more socially and economically integrated into their communities. The analysis also compares major party grassroots strategies and their changes over time. The results suggest that recent patterns in personal-contact campaigning may no longer exacerbate American participatory inequalities to the degree ...
The economic impact of the utilization of liver allografts with high donor risk index.

The disparity between the organ supply and the demand for liver transplantation (LT) has resulted in the growing utilization of 'marginal donor' organs. While economic outcomes for subsets of 'marginal' organs have been described for renal transplantation, similar analyses have not been performed for LT. Using UNOS data for 17 710 LTs performed between 2002 and 2005, we assessed the relationship between recipient model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, organ quality as defined by donor risk index (DRI, Feng et al. 2005) and hospital length of stay (LOS). Single-center cost-accounting data for 338 liver transplants were then analyzed with a multivariate linear regression model to determine the estimated cost associated with a day of LOS. Overall, 8.4% of donor organs were classified as high risk (DRI > 2-2.5) and 1.9% as very high risk (DRI > 2.5). In the lowest MELD group (0-10), the LOS difference between 'ideal' donors (DRI 2.5) was 10.6 days which was associated with an estimated incremental cost of $47 986. For patients with MELD >35, the average LOS increased from 23.2 to 41.8 days when very high DRI donors were used, resulting in an estimated increase in cost of nearly $84 000. We conclude that the use of marginal liver grafts results in increased hospital costs independent of recipient risk factors.
Hawkmoth flight performance in tornado-like whirlwind vortices.

Vertical vortex systems such as tornadoes dramatically affect the flight control and stability of aircraft. However, the control implications of smaller scale vertically oriented vortex systems for small fliers such as animals or micro-air vehicles are unknown. Here we examined the flapping kinematics and body dynamics of hawkmoths performing hovering flights (controls) and maintaining position in three different whirlwind intensities with transverse horizontal velocities of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.2 m s−1, respectively, generated in a vortex chamber. The average and standard deviation of yaw and pitch were respectively increased and reduced in comparison with hovering flights. Average roll orientation was unchanged in whirlwind flights but was more variable from wingbeat to wingbeat than in hovering. Flapping frequency remained unchanged. Wingbeat amplitude was lower and the average stroke plane angle was higher. Asymmetry was found in the angle of attack between right and left wings during both downstroke and upstroke at medium and high vortex intensities. Thus, hawkmoth flight control in tornado-like vortices is achieved by a suite of asymmetric and symmetric changes to wingbeat amplitude, stroke plane angle and principally angle of attack.
Employment, Marriage, and Inequality in Health Insurance for Mexican-Origin Women∗:

In the United States, a woman health insurance coverage is largely determined by her employment and marital roles. This research evaluates competing hypotheses regarding how the combination of employment and marital roles shapes insurance coverage among Mexican-origin, non-Hispanic white, and African American women. We use data from the 2004 and 2006 March Supplements to the Current Population Surveys. Results show that these roles largely substitute for each other among non-Hispanic white and African American women, although marriage generally increases the odds of coverage slightly more than employment among non-Hispanic white women. In contrast, these roles cumulatively increase those odds among Mexican-origin women. Yet neither employment, nor marriage, nor their combination assures their coverage. Married Mexican-origin women are particularly disadvantaged. As women increasingly spend a smaller fraction of their lives in marriage, and as relatively few women are in benefits-rich occupations, stable and equitable coverage may require a universal health insurance system.
Exercise-related hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus

Current recommendations are that people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus exercise regularly. However, in cases in which insulin or insulin secretagogues are used to manage diabetes, patients have an increased risk of developing hypoglycemia, which is amplified during and after exercise. Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia blunt autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine and metabolic defenses (counter-regulatory responses) against subsequent episodes of falling blood glucose levels during exercise. Likewise, antecedent exercise blunts counter-regulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. This can lead to a vicious cycle, by which each episode of either exercise or hypoglycemia further blunts counter-regulatory responses. Although contemporary insulin therapies cannot fully mimic physiologic changes in insulin secretion, people with diabetes have several management options to avoid hypoglycemia during and after exercise, including regularly monitoring blood glucose, reducing basal and/or bolus insulin, and consuming supplemental carbohydrates.
Scannerless Boolean Parsing

Abstract Scannerless generalized parsing techniques allow parsers to be derived directly from unified, declarative specifications. Unfortunately, in order to uniquely parse existing programming languages at the character level, disambiguation extensions beyond the usual context-free formalism are required. This paper explains how scannerless parsers for boolean grammars (context-free grammars extended with intersection and negation) can specify such languages unambiguously, and can also describe other interesting constructs such as indentation-based block structure. The sbp package implements this parsing technique and is publicly available as Java source code.
Uniqueness of the solution to the inverse source problem for quasi-homogeneous sources

The quasi-homogeneous approximation, often used but never rigorously justified, is carefully derived for primary, three-dimensional, scalar radiation sources. The derivation indicates that nonradiating quasi-homogeneous sources do not exist. The relevance of this result and its derivation for the inverse source problem is discussed.
Modeling the effect of growth rate and survivability trade-offs on species coexistence and spatial topology at a traveling invasive wave-front

Abstract The introduction and spread of non-native species is now recognized as one of the most significant threats to natural ecosystems world-wide. Land degradation due to such invasion has been responsible for the displacement of native species and for the destruction of the quality of wildlife habitats. The success or failure of such invasion depends upon a number of factors, perhaps two of the most important being the relative growth rates of the invasive and native species and their different ability to survive the competition for limited resources. For an invasive species with greater fecundity and rate-of-growth than the native species, all other things being equal, the invasive species will ultimately prevail driving the native species to extinction. If, on the other hand, the native species is characterized by greater survivability within habitats with limited resources, all other things being equal, the invasive species will not be able to penetrate the native habitat and will be driven to extinction where there may have been initial coexistence. The intermediate situation is therefore of interest where the difference or trade-off between growth and survival is not that extreme and the details of which may lead to either extinction or coexistence. To investigate the effect of such trade-off at an invasive wave-front, a cellular “ceiling model” of population growth below a fixed carrying capacity has examined the diffusive invasion of a native habitat. This is accomplished by modifying the “ceiling model” of population growth and limitation, to mirror differences in species survivability by a simple zero-sum partitioning of the demographic fixed carrying capacity. Calculations are performed for a single deme and for a 200 × 200 cellular grid of demes. For the cellular grid, the relative values of such trade-off are shown to yield either regions of species coexistence or extinction and this effect on the topological features of the wave-front is illustrated. This new model, motivated by paradigmatic considerations and consequently idealistic, addresses formal issues and may be considered a template for future investigations motivated by more pragmatic considerations.
Ultraviolet Single Photon Detection With Geiger-Mode 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes

We report 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode for single photon detection at 265 nm. At room temperature, the single photon detection efficiency is 14% with a dark count probability of 1.7 x 10-4. Since the external quantum efficiency is 21% at 265 nm, it follows that 65% of the absorbed photons are counted as avalanche events. The jitter of the photodiodes is also characterized.
Supply Chain Simulation Modeling for the Manufactured Housing Industry

Communication, visibility, and control of materials across the supply chain are necessary components for an efficient supply chain management system. However, the current supply chain management system in the manufactured housing industry is not able to control the flow of materials efficiently across the extended supply chain. This need has led to the development of an ARENA based supply chain simulation model to identify key bottlenecks in the entire supply chain flow and various experimental design alternatives have been tested. As a result, an optimized new supply chain management system with an online ordering capability is proposed for the manufactured housing industry. However, this optimized relationship among the relevant parties throughout the supply chain is not limited to the manufactured housing industry but it is expected to have the potential contribution to improve overall efficiency of housing practitioners in urban planning and community development.
THE EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION ON TISSUE METABOLISM (RETINA).

The metabolism of rat retina was found to be sensitive to the concentration of the carbon dioxide-bicarbonate buffer system. Increasing the carbon dioxide from 1 per cent to 5 per cent at constant pH nearly doubled both respiration and glycolysis. Increasing the carbon dioxide at constant pH from 5 per cent to 20 per cent had no effect on glycolysis, but depressed the QOO2 from 31 to 19. In a medium containing glucose and the 1 per cent carbon dioxide-bicarbonate buffer, the addition of succinate increased the QOO2 from 12 to 26, without affecting glycolysis. In a medium containing glucose and phosphate, succinate had no significant effect.
The transition from complex crater to peak-ring basin on the Moon: New observations from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument

Impact craters on planetary bodies transition with increasing size from simple, to complex, to peak-ring basins and finally to multi-ring basins. Important to understanding the relationship between complex craters with central peaks and multi-ring basins is the analysis of protobasins (exhibiting a rim crest and interior ring plus a central peak) and peak-ring basins (exhibiting a rim crest and an interior ring). New data have permitted improved portrayal and classification of these transitional features on the Moon. We used new 128 pixel/degree gridded topographic data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, combined with image mosaics, to conduct a survey of craters >50 km in diameter on the Moon and to update the existing catalogs of lunar peak-ring basins and protobasins. Our updated catalog includes 17 peak-ring basins (rim-crest diameters range from 207 km to 582 km, geometric mean = 343 km) and 3 protobasins (137-170 km, geometric mean = 157 km). Several basins inferred to be multi-ring basins in prior studies (Apollo, Moscoviense, Grimaldi, Freundlich-Sharonov, Coulomb-Sarton, and Korolev) are now classified as peak-ring basins due to their similarities with lunar peak-ring basin morphologies and absence of definitive topographic ring structures greater than two in number. We also include in our catalog 23 craters exhibiting small ring-like clusters of peaks (50-205 km, geometric mean = 81 km); one (Humboldt) exhibits a rim-crest diameter and an interior morphology that may be uniquely transitional to the process of forming peak rings. Comparisons of the predictions of models for the formation of peak-ring basins with the characteristics of the new basin catalog for the Moon suggest that formation and modification of an interior melt cavity and nonlinear scaling of impact melt volume with crater diameter provide important controls on the development of peak rings. In particular, a power-law model of growth of an interior melt cavity with increasing crater diameter is consistent with power-law fits to the peak-ring basin data for the Moon and Mercury. We suggest that the relationship between the depth of melting and depth of the transient cavity offers a plausible control on the onset diameter and subsequent development of peak-ring basins and also multi-ring basins, which is consistent with both planetary gravitational acceleration and mean impact velocity being important in determining the onset of basin morphological forms on the terrestrial planets.
No effect of dietary calcium on body weight of lean and obese mice and rats

Recent epidemiological and animal studies have led to the hypothesis that low dietary calcium intakes contribute to obesity. Here, we evaluated whether calcium influenced the body weight of normal-...
Reasons for Outpatient Referrals from Generalists to Specialists

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of medical and nonmedical factors influencing generalists’ decisions to refer, and of the factors that might avert unnecessary referrals.
Partnerships between Software Firms: Is There Value from Complementarities?

In network-type industries companies can explore the existence of complementarities in different ways to create value and competitive advantage. Gao and Iyer (2006) introduce a new methodology, based on the software stack, and show that there is value in mergers and acquisitions between companies that produce complementary components of network systems. We apply the same methodology to a sample of Alliances and find that even though there is value in Alliances between companies that produce in adjacent layers of the stack, abnormal returns are higher when both participants produce on the same layer of the stack.
The mineralogy of meteorites.

Of particular interest among minerals recently discovered in meteorites are five phosphate minerals, three of them unknown in terrestrial rocks; a chromium nitride and a silicon oxynitride; lonsdaleite and chaoite, new polymorphs of carbon; ringwoodite and majorite, the spinel and garnet analogs of olivine and pyroxene, respectively; a number of calcium- and aluminum-rich silicates in the Allende meteorite, a type III carbonaceous chondrite which fell in 1969; and several alkali-rich silicates found as inclusions in iron meteorites. Knowledge of the compositional range of the common minerals olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase has also been greatly increased by recent researches.
ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING OF COPPER SMELTING SITE F2 IN THE TIMNA VALLEY (ISRAEL) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MODELLING OF ANCIENT TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Site F2 in the Timna Valley, Israel, is a small copper smelting site of ‘primitive’ technology, dated by its excavator to the Pottery Neolithic (sixth to fifth millennium bce). This early date challenges the common view of the beginning of smelting technology in the Levant and has been contested by various scholars since its publication. In this study, we present results of archaeointensity experiments conducted on slag fragments from the site. The slag yielded an excellent ancient geomagnetic value (64.1 ± 1.1 μT) that, when compared to the Levantine master curve, suggests an age not older than the second millennium and most probably between the 13th and 11th centuries bce. In addition to demonstrating the applicability of geomagnetic archaeointensity experiments to independent dating of slag, we discuss the implications of the current results for the socio-historical picture of the Timna Valley, and in particular for the way in which technological developments were previously modelled in the archaeometallurgical research on the region.
Simulation of urban water distribution system for distributed power generation

Distributed power generation is an emerging technique for satisfying the growing power demand due to the continuous population growth in the urban areas. Successful siting of distributed power generator needs to consider the spatial demand for power and the supporting infrastructures. One of the important supporting infrastructures is water supply system. This paper describes a framework that integrates urban growth and water supply network simulation to facilitate the decision-making on possible distributed power generator sites. The urban growth model projects the population distribution, thus the energy demands, in the future. The water simulation tool, WaterGEMS V8i, provides the platform for simulating the water infrastructure, allowing the methodological water network analysis. This simulated water network with its outputs-loads, demands, and pressures, serves as inputs for the ArcGIS 9.3 framework. For the purpose of plant siting, the framework is based on GIS therefore the demands of water and energy, availability of infrastructure, and the surrounding environment are all geo-referenced and can be visualized for decision-making.
Life Drawing and 3D Figure Modeling with MAYA: Developing Alternatives to Photo-Realistic Modeling

This paper discusses the organization and motivation for a workshop devoted to the experimental use of 3D computer graphics to model the human figure. The workshop introduced a simple technique for modeling a leg by lofting a series of circles into the appropriate shape using sketches drawn from life. This approach links the expressive world of drawing to the impersonal mechanical tasks of computer modeling. The workshop also served as an introduction to 3D modeling and the MAYA 3D Computer Graphics Software Graphical User Interface. The drawing exercises of Kimon Nicolaides are discussed and provide inspiration to explore alternatives to photo-realistic modeling that reflect the artistic legacy of early modernist experiments such as cubism and futurism.
SPIN FOAM AND REGGE CALCULUS

Recent results in Local Regge Calculus are confronted with Spin Foam Formalism. Introducing Barrett-Crane Quantization in Local Regge Calculus makes it possible to associate a unique Spin jh with an hinge h, fulfilling one of the requirements of Spin Foam definition. It is shown that inter-twiner terms of Spin Foam can follow from the closure constraint in Local Regge Calculus.
Who are they? Visitors to Louisiana's River Road plantations

ABSTRACTThis article examines the responses of 448 tourists to an exit survey at four Louisiana River Road tourist plantations. We investigate and discuss the relationships between the demographics of the tourists and their interests as they relate to tourist plantations. Cluster analysis of the visitors' interests indicates that visitors typically fall into one of four interest clusters: “Everything is great!”; “Culture and the Enslaved”; Culture without the Enslaved”; or “Everything is just Okay”. Several plantation managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research directions.
FACTS: an approach to unearth legacy contracts

The large number of contracts in force in an enterprise becomes an important factor in making business decisions. Moreover, an enterprise must be able to respond to events that might affect existing contractual relationships. However, most enterprises do not have the capability to easily manage the life cycle of enterprise contracts. Current solutions bundled into products are typically only efficiently used when applied to new business contracts but not to legacy ones, which often constitute the majority of the contracts in an enterprise. Critical information in such contracts remains buried in the text of these documents, requiring a tedious and costly manual inspection task to extract the information required for their proper management. In this paper we present an approach, called FACTS, to automatically elicit legacy contracts information that enables the effective and efficient management of their lifecycle. The approach is based in the use of two object models in conjunction with information extraction techniques. Once relevant information in a contract is identified, it can either be automatically tagged with XML or simply extracted into a contract facts database. In both cases, relevant contract information becomes readily available through predefined or ad-hoc queries.
The On‐line Auction Phenomenon: Growth, Strategies, Promise, and Problems

Summarizing panel discussions between auction practitioners and researchers at Northwestern University, this essay reviews the recent growth of on-line auction sites and addresses some of their key benefits and costs. We also describe recent research on bidder behavior, focusing on bidder reactions to different auction mechanisms. We believe that there is immense potential for communication and collaboration between auction practitioners and researchers. Such dialogue could supply researchers timely, real-world auction data. Simultaneously, the on-line auction community would gain information about the mechanics of auction formats and their effects on bidder behavior.
Advances in Immuno–Positron Emission Tomography: Antibodies for Molecular Imaging in Oncology

Identification of cancer cell-surface biomarkers and advances in antibody engineering have led to a sharp increase in the development of therapeutic antibodies. These same advances have led to a new generation of radiolabeled antibodies and antibody fragments that can be used as cancer-specific imaging agents, allowing quantitative imaging of cell-surface protein expression in vivo. Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging with intact antibodies has shown success clinically in diagnosing and staging cancer. Engineered antibody fragments, such as diabodies, minibodies, and single-chain Fv (scFv) -Fc, have been successfully employed for immunoPET imaging of cancer cell-surface biomarkers in preclinical models and are poised to bring same-day imaging into clinical development. ImmunoPET can potentially provide a noninvasive approach for obtaining target-specific information useful for titrating doses for radioimmunotherapy, for patient risk stratification and selection of targeted therapies, for evaluating response to therapy, and for predicting adverse effects, thus contributing to the ongoing development of personalized cancer treatment.
Multimodality Imaging of Cancer Superoxide Anion Using the Small Molecule Coelenterazine

We evaluated the small molecule coelenterazine as a potential reporter of cancer-associated superoxide anion in cell culture and in mice. The superoxide anion concentrations of various cancer cell lines were quantified by coelenterazine chemiluminescence in vitro. Coelenteramide fluorescence was detected via flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Coelenterazine was used for the in vivo detection of cancer-associated superoxide anion using the 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma mouse model. Various cell lines in culture demonstrated different superoxide anion concentrations, with a signal range of 3.15 ± 0.06 to 11.80 ± 0.24 times that of background. In addition to chemiluminescent detection of coelenterazine, we demonstrated fluorescent detection of coelenteramide within the cytoplasm of cells. 4T1 murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors in mice demonstrated significantly higher 2.13 ± 0.19-fold coelenterazine-based chemiluminescence than that of surrounding normal tissues. Collectively, our results indicate that coelenterazine can be used to assay superoxide anion concentrations in cultured cancer cells and in tumors growing in mice.
Two Methods of Hemodynamic and Volume Status Assessment in Critically Ill Patients: A Study of Disagreement

Introduction:The invasive nature and potential complications associated with pulmonary artery (PA) catheters (PACs) have prompted the pursuit of less invasive monitoring options. Before implementin...
A Strategy to Estimate Anisotropic Parameters by Error Analysis of Traveltime Inversion

Summary Explicit estimations of velocity anisotropy are not commonly incorporated into seismic imaging process, largely due to the difficulty in estimating the orientation and magnitude of the anisotropy in depth models. For each depth model, the inversion variables consist of the anisotropic parameters e and δ, the tilted angle φ of their symmetry axis, layer velocity along the symmetry axes, and thickness variation of the layer. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of error in some of the model parameters on the inverted values of the other parameters by anisotropic traveltime tomography. The analyses show that a practical strategy for anisotropic parameter estimation is first to invert for the most error-tolerant parameters such as layer velocity and e, and assume zero values for δ. More model parameters can be included in further inversions if they can be resolved by the given data coverage. δ should be the last inversion parameter to be considered in the anisotropic velocity model building.
Small Bowel Neoplasms and Polyps

The small intestine is a relatively privileged organ that only rarely develops malignant or even benign tumors. Given this rarity, the relative inaccessibility of the organ during routine endoscopic procedures, and the typical absence or nonspecific nature of clinical manifestations, these tumors often go undiagnosed. Treatment and prognosis are tailored to each histological subtype of tumor. This chapter will discuss the epidemiology, presentation, diagnostics, and management for the most common small bowel tumors, and will highlight the importance of recognizing patients at higher risk of small bowel neoplasia.
Worlding dance and dancing out there in the world

Prompted by the late twentieth-century, and still growing, interest in World Dance evidenced by the emergence of this rubric in US college circles (including courses in Dance departments and newly developed academic jobs), bookings in performing venues (including World Dance festivals and shows), the support offered through funding agencies invested in arts and cultures, and the attention devoted by dance critics and scholars, as by dancers and dance lovers, I propose to consider some questions related to the discursive formation of this field. These questions are entangled with ethico-political concerns. What does ‘world dance’ actually represent at this historical conjuncture? What is the effect of imposing the ‘world,’ as a qualifying categorization, on ‘dance,’ as a set of aestheticized movement practices, in the era of so-called globalization? How does this totalizing framing (the ‘world’) work to supplement and expand the dance field as it fixes differentiations within it? How are dances from ‘out there’ selected to be included or excluded from ‘world dance’? What kinds of institutional investments, technical knowledges, economic interests, aesthetic and ethical assumptions, political arrangements, pleasures and desires participate in the process of worlding Dance?