cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis and Psoriasiform Eruptions in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Agents.

BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) agents are used to treat a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis. Paradoxically, numerous reports have documented new-onset or exacerbation of psoriasis or psoriasiform skin lesions (PSO) in patients treated with these agents for conditions other than PSO-particularly in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Not much is known regarding similar cases in children. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on children younger than 19 years of age with IBD seen at the Mayo Clinic between 2003 and 2015 who developed new-onset or recurrent PSO while undergoing anti-TNF-α therapy. RESULTS Fourteen children developed PSO while undergoing anti-TNF-α therapy for IBD. All three anti-TNF-α agents (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab) used to treat IBD in this series led to induction or recurrence of PSO lesions. The median time to development of PSO was 11 months (range 0-48 mos), the median age was 15 years (range 12.5-17.5 yrs), and 57% of patients were male. IBD activity was quiescent in 93% of cases at PSO onset. Seven patients (50%) discontinued their initial anti-TNF-α therapy because of their skin disease. Ultimately, four patients (29%) had to discontinue all anti-TNF-α therapy to induce PSO resolution. CONCLUSION TNF-α antagonist-induced PSO in children with IBD is a rarely reported adverse reaction. PSO onset has a variable latency, but usually occurs during IBD remission, with a slight male bias. Nearly half of patients required a change in their initial anti-TNF-α agent despite conventional skin-directed therapies, and one-third of patients discontinued all anti-TNF-α therapy because of PSO.
Polar Extremes in the Clinical Use of Stem Cells.

The U.S. biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries arguably lead the world in innovation while operating under stringent regulations set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although flexible pathways exist to accelerate the development or approval of treatments for serious illnesses or unmet medical needs, regulatory systems around the globe are under assault from forces seeking to relax rigorous, time-honored standards of safety and efficacy. Recent regulatory revisions in Japan allow regenerative medicine products to be marketed on the basis of only preliminary evidence of safety and reduced thresholds for determining therapeutic efficacy. In the United States, the 21st Century Cures . . .
The Emerging Role of 3-Dimensional Printing in Rhinology

Nasal septal perforations, particularly those that are large and irregular in shape, often present as challenging surgical dilemmas. New technology has allowed us to develop techniques using computed tomography imaging and 3-dimensional (3D) printers to design custom polymeric silicone septal buttons. These buttons offer patients an option that avoids a surgical intervention when standard buttons do not fit well or are not tolerated. Preliminary data suggest that buttons designed by 3D printer technology provide more comfort than standard commercially available or hand-carved buttons with equivalent reduction of symptoms.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from an Irrigated Dairy Forage Rotation as Influenced by Fertilizer and Manure Applications

Information is needed regarding the effect of nitrogen source on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from irrigated semiarid agricultural soils. We report nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane emissions from a silage corn (Zea mays L.) (2013)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2014)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (2015) rotation under conventional tillage and sprinkler irrigation. We evaluated the effectiveness of an enhanced-efficiency fertilizer (SuperU, a stabilized granular urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors) to reduce nitrous oxide emissions compared with granular urea and to determine GHG emissions from fall-applied dairy manure or composted dairy manure and spring-applied dairy manure. Nitrogen was applied during the first 2 yr of the study. SuperU plots emitted 53% less nitrous oxide than urea with corn, whereas no emission reductions occurred in 2014 with barley. The nitrous oxide -N emission losses as a percentage of total nitrogen applied were 0.21 and 0.04% for urea and SuperU in 2013, respectively, with losses of 0.05% from both urea fertilizers in 2014. On average, nitrous oxide fluxes from fall and spring manure were statistically similar and greater than the other nitrogen treatments in 2014 and a lasting manure treatment effect on emissions occurred under alfalfa. Carbon dioxide fluxes were greatest from fall- and spring-applied manure during the first 2 yr. Methane fluxes were negative, indicating microbial oxidation, and no differences occurred among the treatments. Corn, barley, and alfalfa yields were similar among all nitrogen treatments. This work demonstrates that SuperU can reduce nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated cropping systems in the semiarid western United States without affecting yields.
Spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics in a multiconductor transmission line model

We present a model of a circuit consisting of a three-conductor transmission line connected to linear components as well as a nonlinear component which behaves chaotically in certain parameter regimes. We show that when either capacitive coupling or inductive coupling is present among conductors the chaotic disruptive signal propagates in the conductor not directly connected to the nonlinear component thus creating crosstalk. The circuit is modelled by the Telegrapher's equations which are solved using the two-step Lax-Friedrichs numerical scheme which captures the smooth character of the solution even in the chaotic regime. The chaotic behavior is quantified in terms of Lyapunov exponents.
Correction to: Impact of a Structural Intervention to Address Alcohol Use Among Gay Bar Patrons in San Francisco: The PACE Study

The original version of this article contains an omission in the list of authors for Dr. Adam W. Carrico. The corrected authors list for the article is given in this erratum.
The Habc Domain of Syntaxin 3 is a Ubiquitin Binding Domain with Specificity for K63-Linked Poly-Ubiquitin Chains

Syntaxins are a family of membrane-anchored SNARE proteins that are essential components required for membrane fusion in all eukaryotic intracellular membrane trafficking pathways. Syntaxins contain an N-terminal regulatory domain, termed the Habc domain, that is not highly conserved at the primary sequence level but folds into a three-helix bundle that is structurally conserved among family members. The syntaxin Habc domain has previously been found to be structurally very similar to the GAT domain present in GGA family members and related proteins that are otherwise completely unrelated to syntaxins. Because the GAT domain has been found to be a ubiquitin binding domain we hypothesized that the Habc domain of syntaxins may also bind to ubiquitin. Here, we report that the Habc domain of syntaxin 3 (Stx3) indeed binds to monomeric ubiquitin with low affinity. This domain binds efficiently to K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains within a narrow range of chain lengths but not to K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains. Other syntaxin family members also bind to K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains but with different chain length specificities. Molecular modeling suggests that residues of the GGA3-GAT domain known to be important for ionic and hydrophobic interactions with ubiquitin have equivalent, conserved residues within the Habc domain of Stx3. We conclude that the syntaxin Habc domain and the GAT domain are both structurally and functionally related, and likely share a common ancestry despite sequence divergence. Binding of K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains to the Habc domain may regulate the function of syntaxins in membrane fusion or may suggest additional functions of this protein family.
Osteoarthritis year in review 2017: updates on imaging advancements

Summary Objective This narrative review covers original research publications related to imaging advancements in osteoarthritis (OA) published in the English language between 1 st April 2016 and 30 th April 2017. Methods Relevant human studies (excluding pre-clinical and in vitro studies), were searched and selected from PubMed database using the search terms of "osteoarthritis (OA)" in combination with "radiography", "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)", "computed tomography (CT)", "ultrasound", "positron emission tomography (PET)," "single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)," and "scintigraphy". The included studies were sorted according to their relevance, novelty, and impact. Original research articles with both imaging advancements and novel clinical information were discussed in this review. Results A large portion of the published studies were focused on MRI-based semi-quantitative and quantitative (morphological and structural) metrics of the knee joint to assess OA-related structural damages. New imaging technologies, such as PET, have been investigated for OA diagnosis and characterization, the delineation of predictive factors for OA progression, and to monitor the treatment responses. Conclusion Advanced imaging modalities play a pivotal role in OA research, and make a significant contribution to our understanding of OA diagnosis, pathogenesis, risk stratification, and prognosis.
Cross-boundary cooperation for landscape management: collective action and social exchange among individual private forest landowners.

Abstract The landscape is an ideal spatial extent for managing forests because many ecological processes and disturbances occur on such scales. Moreover, landscape-level decision-making processes can improve the efficiency of forest management, as when many owners of small parcels increase the economy of scale of their operations by jointly hiring labor or selling products. Despite the potential benefits of managing at the landscape level, cooperation on management activities across property boundaries is rare among private landowners and poorly understood. We used a comparative case study approach to explain cooperative management among eight sets of individual private forest landowners in the Pacific Northwest and Upper Midwest, USA. We characterized how private forest owners cooperated on management and the outcomes they associated with cooperating, and we identified factors that influenced cooperation. We investigated whether cooperative management among private landowners may be constrained by social risks and whether formal institutions may be needed to facilitate cooperation. In the cases we investigated, owners jointly planned and implemented integrated management decisions on their collective forest properties. They perceived a number of beneficial social and ecological outcomes of cooperation. The key factors that fostered the emergence and continuity of cooperative management included shared concern, especially about risks to their properties and the health of their forests; pre-existing networks; trust; external expertise and resources; local leadership; and formal institutions. These factors are consistent with collective action and social exchange theory. Our findings shed light on social conditions that foster cooperative landscape management.
The Seven Frieze Groups

Around the frieze of an older building there is often a pattern formed by the repetition of some figure or motif over and over again. The essential property of an ornamental frieze pattern is that it is left fixed by some “smallest translation.” We can call AB the length of translation τA,B and say τA,B is shorter than τC,D if AB < CD. Other symmetries in addition to translations are often apparent in a frieze as well. Of course, there is infinite variety in the subject for such patterns. However, by discounting the scale and subject matter and by considering only the symmetries under which such patterns are left invariant, we shall see that there are only seven possible types of ornamental frieze patterns.
Understandability and Actionability of the CDC’S Printable Sepsis Patient Education Material

BACKGROUND Quality improvement efforts in sepsis management have increased patients' survival rates. Many sepsis survivors experience sequelae leading to unplanned hospital readmissions and subsequent mortality, especially when survivors delay seeking medical attention because they do not recognize the signs and symptoms of recurrent sepsis. Thus, increasing knowledge of sepsis among patients and caregivers before initial hospital discharge is essential. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the understandability and actionability of a printable patient education tool on sepsis. METHODS Ten sepsis experts were invited to evaluate and score the content of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Sepsis Fact Sheet for understandability and actionability using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for printable material. Data were collected on 24 items via an electronic survey. Descriptive analysis included overall and understandability and actionability scores and measurement of interrater reliability. Items with discrepancies were reviewed. RESULTS Nine experts responded to the survey. Mean understandability (80.74), actionability (90.74), and overall (83.33) scores support the tool's utility for patient education. Interrater reliability found fair-to-moderate agreement across survey items. CONCLUSIONS The Sepsis Fact Sheet provides useful patient information as evaluated using established recommendations for printed materials and expert content validation. Areas for improvement include providing a summary, modifying images, and simplifying language. Results may be useful for sepsis education and discharge teaching.
Emerging Food Processing Technologies

Heat treatment is commonly used to inactivate microorganisms and produce shelf-stable foods. These processes, when properly designed and operated, can ensure a high level of food safety. However, these processes often involve high-temperature long-time heating that causes deteriorations in food quality such as degradations in color, texture, and flavor and loss of vitamins and antioxidant capacities. Considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies that are able to effectively inactivate microbial while reducing the negative impact on quality attributes. A number of different processes have been studied extensively as alternatives to the conventional thermal processing. These methods can be categorized into thermal and nonthermal processing technologies, depending on their mechanism of the microbial inactivation. In this chapter, some of these emerging technologies are covered including thermal processing (microwave and radio-frequency heating) and nonthermal processing methods (high-pressure and pulsed electric field processing). The fundamentals of these technologies, some technical aspects, and research and application status are briefly introduced.
The ORMs interact with transmembrane domain 1 of Lcb1 and regulate serine palmitoyltransferase oligomerization, activity and localization

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), an endoplasmic reticulum-localized membrane enzymecomposed of acatalytic LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer and a small activating subunit (Tsc3 in yeast; ssSPTs in mammals), is negatively regulated by the evolutionarily conserved family of proteins known as the ORMs. In yeast, SPT, the ORMs, and the PI4P phosphatase Sac1, copurify in the "SPOTs" complex. However, neither the mechanism of ORM inhibition of SPT nor details of the interactions of the ORMs and Sac1 with SPT are known. Here we report that the first transmembrane domain (TMD1) of Lcb1 is required for ORM binding to SPT. Loss of binding is not due to altered membrane topology of Lcb1 since replacing TMD1 with a heterologous TMD restores membrane topology but not ORM binding. TMD1 deletion also eliminates ORM-dependent formation of SPT oligomers as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation assays and in vivo imaging. Expression of ORMs lacking derepressive phosphorylation sites results in constitutive SPT oligomerization, while phosphomimetic ORMs fail to induce oligomerization under any conditions. Significantly, when LCB1-RFP and LCB1ΔTMD1-GFP were coexpressed, more LCB1ΔTMD1-GFP was in the peripheral ER, suggesting ORM regulation is partially accomplished by SPT redistribution. Tsc3 deletion does not abolish ORM inhibition of SPT, indicating the ORMs do not simply prevent activation by Tsc3. Binding of Sac1 to SPT requires Tsc3, but not the ORMs, and Sac1 does not influence ORM-mediated oligomerization of SPT. Finally, yeast mutants lacking ORM regulation of SPT require the LCB-P lyase Dpl1 to maintain long-chain bases at sublethal levels.
To B12 or not to B12: Five questions on the role of cobalamin in host-microbial interactions.

Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential to the health of an organism. Humans cannot synthesize vitamins but obtain vitamins through dietary intake. Cobalamin, or vitamin B12, refers to a group of corrinoid molecules that contains a corrin ring with a central cobalt molecule [1]. Cobalamin is a cofactor for the highly conserved enzymes methionine synthase (MetH) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), which function in amino acid synthesis and fatty- and amino acid breakdown, respectively, in both bacteria and mammals [1]; therefore, cobalamin plays a key role in homeostatic functions. Indeed, in humans, cobalamin deficiency can lead to decreased activity of MetH and MCM and result in megaloblastic anemia in addition to severe neurological symptoms. Besides its role as a cofactor for MetH and MCM, cobalamin is also used by many bacteria as a cofactor for additional processes, including metabolism and gene regulation. Cobalamin impacts host–microbe interactions by altering host and bacterial physiology at intestinal and extraintestinal sites. We discuss the current understanding of cobalamin in host–microbiota–pathogen interactions, highlighting recent investigations that deepen our appreciation of this molecule. How do mammals acquire cobalamin? Only a limited number of bacteria and archaea generate cobalamin de novo [1]. Moreover, plants and fungi do not require cobalamin; therefore, humans obtain cobalamin through consumption of animal products. During digestion, cobalamin is absorbed in the ileum. Although some colonic bacteria produce cobalamin, humans are not able to uptake cobalamin produced at this location, and thus, the small intestine is the sole site of absorption. The mammalian protein intrinsic factor (IF) is essential to bind and absorb cobalamin. IF is produced in the stomach and binds cobalamin in the small intestine, in which IF-bound cobalamin is subsequently absorbed into circulation [2] (Fig 1). Open in a separate window Fig 1 Cobalamin in the healthy human intestinal tract. Ingested food containing cobalamin enters the stomach. IF is produced in the stomach and binds cobalamin in the small intestine. There, cobalamin–IF complexes are absorbed by host enterocytes in the terminal ileum (indicated by outward arrows in small intestine). In the colon, the microbiota take up unabsorbed cobalamin. Additionally, some members of the microbiota produce cobalamin, which can also be taken up by other microbiota members. Cobalamin that remains unabsorbed by the host and not taken up by the microbiota is excreted in stool (outward arrow in colon). IF, intrinsic factor.
Confronting a Nuclear North Korea

Abstract The nuclear weapons program of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) threatens Northeast Asian regional security, the effectiveness of the 1970 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the overseas bases and home territory of the United States. North Korea might also provide nuclear weapons, materials or technology to hostile states or terror organizations. The DPRK conducted a test explosion of its first nuclear device in 2006 and has conducted additional nuclear test explosions in 2009, 2013 and twice in 2016. The DPRK is currently believed to have the ability to regionally deliver nuclear weapons by ballistic missile. Following months of military tension between the DPRK, the U.S. and its regional allies throughout 2017, a diplomatic process began to reduce regional tensions, formally end the Korean War and negotiate a verifiable elimination of the DPRK’s nuclear weapons program. This chapter assesses the DPRK’s nuclear capabilities, the nature of the regime and the 30-year history of international efforts to impede, confront or negotiate an end to the DPRK’s nuclear ambitions.
The Detection and Measurement of the Electrical Mobility size Distributions Associated with Radon Decay Products

The potential risk of lung cancer has evoked interest in the properties of radon decay products. There are two forms of this progeny: either attached to ambient aerosols, or still in the status of ions/molecules/small clusters. This ``unattached`` activity would give a higher dose per unit of airborne activity than the ``attached`` progeny that are rather poorly deposited. In this thesis, a system for determining unattached radon decay products electrical mobility size distribution by measuring their electrical mobilities was developed, based on the fact that about 88% of {sup 218}Po atoms have unit charge at the end of their recoil after decay from {sup 222}Rn, while the remainder are neutral. Essential part of the setup is the radon-aerosol chamber with the Circular Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (CEMS) inside. CEMS is used for sampling and classifying the charged radioactive clusters produced in the chamber. An alpha- sensitive plastic, CR-39 disk, is placed in CEMS as an inlaid disk electrode and the alpha particle detector. CEMS showed good performance in fine inactive particles` classification. If it also works well for radon decay products, it can offer a convenient size distribution measurement for radioactive ultrafine particles. However, the experiments did not obtain an acceptable resolution. Suggestions are made for solving this problem.
INTERPRETING THE POLITICS OF RESTORATION DRAMA

(1993). INTERPRETING THE POLITICS OF RESTORATION DRAMA. The Seventeenth Century: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 67-97.
Hip reconstruction is more painful than spine fusion in children with cerebral palsy

Abstract Purpose Concerns about pain control in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are especially anxiety provoking for parents, given the fact that spasticity, communication issues, and postoperative muscle spasms are significant problems that make pain control difficult in these patients. A better understanding of the magnitude and quality of the pain these patients experience after our surgical procedures would better prepare the patients and their families. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of postoperative pain in children with CP undergoing hip reconstruction and spinal fusion. Specifically, the study will compare pain scores and the amount of narcotics used between the two groups. Materials and methods This is a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of children with CP (GMFCS levels IV and V) over a 5-year period undergoing hip reconstruction (femoral osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy, or both) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. The prim...
Meaning Sensitivity and Grammatical Structure

The topic of this talk is the semantics of natural language. This is an area of investigation that today merges work in linguistics with work in philosophy. In linguistics there is a going enterprise in the study of the syntax of natural language, coupled with a methodological goal of studying semantics as well. In philosophy there is a going enterprise in the study of semantical issues, without a great deal of regard for the syntax of natural language. The two enterprises — the study of syntax by linguists and the study of semantics by philosophers, or by linguists working within philosophical frameworks — proceed mostly on parallel tracks, informed by one another, but not frequently very tightly linked. Part of the success of Montague Grammar was that Montague’s essays linked them completely. But Montague was a layman in syntax, and so Montague Grammar remains mostly a semantical enterprise. There are a number of people who would try to link these two enterprises more closely. That is the topic of my talk today — a problem about whether and how that linkage might be established. The particular issue I will focus on I call ‘meaning sensitivity’.
Controller Synthesis for Discrete-time Hybrid Polynomial Systems via Occupation Measures

We consider the feedback design for stabilizing a rigid body system by making and breaking multiple contacts with the environment without prespecifying the timing or the number of occurrence of the contacts. We model such a system as a discrete-time hybrid polynomial system, where the state-input space is partitioned into several polytopic regions with each region associated with a different polynomial dynamics equation. Based on the notion of occupation measures, we present a novel controller synthesis approach that solves finite-dimensional semidefinite programs as approximations to an infinite-dimensional linear program to stabilize the system. The optimization formulation is simple and convex, and for any fixed degree of approximations the computational complexity is polynomial in the state and control input dimensions. We illustrate our approach on some robotics examples.
The use of markets in housing policy: a comparative analysis of housing subsidy programs

Many countries use demand-side housing subsidies to support low-income households. Unlike public or social housing programs, demand-side subsidies require recipients to enter the private market to ...
Studying English Literature in the Transnational University

Against the backdrop of the end of the Cold War, the decline of the Nation-State, the globalization of economies and research efforts, the radical transformations being brought about by new communications technologies, and the shift in funding from government sources to transnational corporations, this essay examines the role of literary studies and the humanities in the context of the emerging transnational university.
RPE Polarity and Barrier Function

The RPE separates the photoreceptor side of the neurosensory retina from its choroidal blood supply. Because choroidal capillaries are fenestrated, the RPE functions as the outer blood-retinal barrier. The outer blood-retinal barrier is a dynamic interplay among many cellular processes including the absorption of water, the visual cycle, phagocytosis, and membrane transport. Critical to the barrier’s function, epithelial cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of proteins between the apical (facing the subretinal space) and basolateral (facing the choroid) plasma membranes. Cell polarity is maintained by tight junctions, which separate the two plasma membrane domains. Tight junctions are also semi-permeable, semi-selective barriers to the transepithelial diffusion of solutes through the paracellular spaces between neighboring cells. Claudins are tight junction proteins that determine selectivity and help determine permeability. In RPE, claudin-19 functions in coordination with RPE-enriched membrane transporters. Further, claudin-19 is a signaling protein that helps determine the RPE phenotype. Experimental assessments of the function of tight junctions are often reduced to the expression of a few proteins or a few simple measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance or the transcellular diffusion of a few tracers. Although convenient for monitoring cultures, this approach ignores the dynamics of this complex structure and can lead to incomplete conclusions. This chapter explores how these principals manifest in the RPE.
Membrane-core nanoparticles for cancer nanomedicine

Cancer is one of the most severe disease burdens in modern times, with an estimated increase in the number of patients diagnosed globally from 18.1 million in 2018 to 23.6 million in 2030. Despite a significant progress achieved by conventional therapies, they have limitations and are still far from ideal. Therefore, safe, effective and widely-applicable treatments are urgently needed. Over the past decades, the development of novel delivery approaches based on membrane-core (MC) nanostructures for transporting chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids and immunomodulators has significantly improved anticancer efficacy and reduced side effects. In this review, the formulation strategies based on MC nanostructures for delivery of anticancer drug are described, and recent advances in the application of MC nanoformulations to overcome the delivery hurdles for clinical translation are discussed.
Strain-resolved microbiome sequencing reveals mobile elements that drive bacterial competition on a clinical timescale.

Populations of closely related microbial strains can be simultaneously present in bacterial communities such as the human gut microbiome. We recently developed a de novo genome assembly approach that uses read cloud sequencing to provide more complete microbial genome drafts, enabling precise differentiation and tracking of strain-level dynamics across metagenomic samples. In this case study, we present a proof-of-concept using read cloud sequencing to describe bacterial strain diversity in the gut microbiome of one hematopoietic cell transplantation patient over a 2-month time course and highlight temporal strain variation of gut microbes during therapy. The treatment was accompanied by diet changes and administration of multiple immunosuppressants and antimicrobials. We conducted short-read and read cloud metagenomic sequencing of DNA extracted from four longitudinal stool samples collected during the course of treatment of one hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patient. After applying read cloud metagenomic assembly to discover strain-level sequence variants in these complex microbiome samples, we performed metatranscriptomic analysis to investigate differential expression of antibiotic resistance genes. Finally, we validated predictions from the genomic and metatranscriptomic findings through in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing of isolates derived from the patient stool samples. During the 56-day longitudinal time course that was studied, the patient’s microbiome was profoundly disrupted and eventually dominated by Bacteroides caccae. Comparative analysis of B. caccae genomes obtained using read cloud sequencing together with metagenomic RNA sequencing allowed us to identify differences in substrain populations over time. Based on this, we predicted that particular mobile element integrations likely resulted in increased antibiotic resistance, which we further supported using in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing. We find read cloud assembly to be useful in identifying key structural genomic strain variants within a metagenomic sample. These strains have fluctuating relative abundance over relatively short time periods in human microbiomes. We also find specific structural genomic variations that are associated with increased antibiotic resistance over the course of clinical treatment.
Randomized controlled trial evaluating a collaborative model of care for transitioning children with medical complexity from hospital to home healthcare: Study protocol.

Abstract This article describes the study protocol for an evaluation of an innovative model of care that supports home health nurses (HHN) who serve children with medical complexity (CMC). CMC constitute a small proportion of children, but have very high need for health services, are hospitalized frequently, and account for significant proportion of pediatric healthcare expenditures. High-quality home health nursing services are important for CMC, but models of care of home healthcare, after discharge of CMC from the hospital, have not been tested. Our project aims are to develop, implement, and test a model of care, called ICollab, to improve home healthcare delivery for CMC. The ICollab model consists of collaboration between HHN, primary-care physicians and clinicians of the complex care program of a tertiary-care children's hospital in the care of CMC. In this randomized clinical trial, we will recruit 110 CMC discharged home on home health nursing services. The intervention group (n = 55) will receive the ICollab intervention for 6 months post-discharge from the hospital, in addition to usual care. Children in the control group (n = 55) will receive only usual care. Outcome measures will include healthcare utilization metrics (hospitalization rates, emergency room visit rates, and days to readmission), caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction with home healthcare, HHN retention, and HHN collaboration with other healthcare providers. We hypothesize that ICollab will reduce healthcare utilization and caregiver burden, and improve caregiver satisfaction with home healthcare, increase HHN retention, and increase HHN collaboration with other healthcare providers. Results of this study have the potential to provide a critically needed evidence-base for interventions to improve the quality of healthcare delivery for CMC. This study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03978468) and is ongoing.
Systematic review shows no strong evidence regarding the use of elastic taping for pain improvement in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.

Background A recent trend in the field of primary knee osteoarthritis suggests that elastic tape (e.g., K-tape) relieves pressure on the joint by increasing tension on fascia. Elastic tape (ET) is expected to decrease pain and help patients to recover faster. Objective This systematic review aims to analyze the efficacy of this method on pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis by using The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Data sources Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard for reporting systematic reviews of qualitative and quantitative evidence, we used 3 electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO, and grey literature was included. Study eligibility criteria Articles were screened for duplicates, screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and critically appraised. Participants and intervention People older than 45 years old with primary osteoarthritis (OA) and application of ET. Study appraisal and synthesis methods 2005 Oxford standard. Results Amongst all the papers found, 6 Randomized Control Trials (RCT) for a total of 392 participants met the criteria and were included in our review. Three papers out of the 6 RCT had low risks of bias. When the ET was compared to sham taping, the results show no to moderate decreases of WOMAC scores in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. Limitations We focused on a single index test (WOMAC) and could not perform meta-analyses. Conclusion and implications of key findings Although ET does not provide strong adverse outcomes, our data do not support the use of ET as a treatment alone because of too slight reductions of the WOMAC score for reaching clinical efficiency. Thus, our systematic review shows no strong evidence regarding the use of elastic taping for pain improvement in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.
Anaplastic Features in Advanced Prostate Cancer With and Without DNA Damage Repair Mutations.

Abstract Background Anaplastic prostate cancer has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Seven clinical features of anaplastic prostate cancer have been prospectively identified. In this phase II clinical trial, we identified mutations, including DNA-damage repair (DDR) mutations, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), who were treated with durvalumab and olaparib, and determined how many of these patients can be described as anaplastic and the overlap between anaplastic features and DDR mutations. Methods Eligible patients with mCRPC received prior enzalutamide and/or abiraterone. Patients were treated with durvalumab 1500 mg i.v. every 28 days and olaparib 300 mg p.o. every 12 hours until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients underwent mandatory baseline biopsies of metastatic lesions. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between anaplastic and non-anaplastic patients. Eleven patients (20%) displayed clear anaplastic features and 43 (78.2%) lacked anaplastic features. In the anaplastic group, 2/11 (18.2%) had germline DRR mutations and 4/11 (36.3%) had somatic DDR mutations. In the non-anaplastic group, 7/43 (16.3%) had germline mutations and 13/43 (30.2%) had somatic mutations. Median PFS in patients with anaplastic features (6.5 months) and without anaplastic features (5.1 months) were similar (hazard ratio [HR], 0.998, p=0.996). Conclusions Patients with and without anaplastic features appear to have similar total rates of DDR mutations and also have similar rates of somatic and germline DDR mutations. Patients with anaplastic features have a trend toward improved PFS when treated with olaparib and durvalumab compared to non-anaplastic patients. Micro-Abstract Relationships between DNA-damage repair (DDR) mutations and anaplastic features, which confers poor prognosis, are unknown. Fifty-five patients with mCRPC treated with olaparib and durvalumab were classified into anaplastic and non-anaplastic groups and had similar rates of DDR mutations. Anaplastic patients had a trend toward improved progression-free survival when treated with olaparib and durvalumab compared to non-anaplastic patients.
Dehaloperoxidase: An enzymatic Swiss army knife

Abstract The hemoglobin from the marine worm Amphitrite ornata has been found to possess multiple enzymatic activities in addition to its O2-transport function. Named dehaloperoxidase (DHP), this globin employs four mechanisms for substrate oxidation as a defense mechanism against toxic metabolites, spanning electron- (peroxidase and oxidase) and O-atom (peroxygenase and oxygenase) transfer. As such, DHP can be defined as a multifunctional catalytic hemoglobin. Given that its peroxidase function is already well established in the literature, this review aims to provide further structural and mechanistic details into the other three activities performed by DHP, with a particular emphasis on its peroxygenase activity.
Data and Methodology Documentation for a COVID-19 Risk Calculator: Mortality Rates and Loss of Life Expectancy (preprint)

We develop careful cohort-based estimates of median life expectancy without COVID, COVID population fatality rates (PFRs) for three areas (Cook County, Illinois; Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, and the State of Indiana), and expected life expectancy lost due to COVID. We examine how PFR and lost life expectancy vary with age, gender, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, and common comorbidities. On average, decedents lose about 12 expected life-years (upward biased estimate). Expected life lost to date for our three areas is around 0.016 years; an estimate for the whole U.S. population is 0.02 years (about one week) (upward biased estimates). Expected life lost rises rapidly with age and can be as high as 3 months for some individuals. Expected life lost for whites and Asians in our three areas is around 0.012, but is roughly double this for Blacks and Hispanics. We also provide data and methodology details underlying the COVID-19 Risk Calculator, available at https://fightcovidmilwaukee.org/risk-assessment-tool.
Coordinate Linear Variance Reduction for Generalized Linear Programming.

We study a class of generalized linear programs (GLP) in a large-scale setting, which includes possibly simple nonsmooth convex regularizer and simple convex set constraints. By reformulating GLP as an equivalent convex-concave min-max problem, we show that the linear structure in the problem can be used to design an efficient, scalable first-order algorithm, to which we give the name \emph{Coordinate Linear Variance Reduction} (\textsc{clvr}; pronounced ``clever''). \textsc{clvr} is an incremental coordinate method with implicit variance reduction that outputs an \emph{affine combination} of the dual variable iterates. \textsc{clvr} yields improved complexity results for (GLP) that depend on the max row norm of the linear constraint matrix in (GLP) rather than the spectral norm. When the regularization terms and constraints are separable, \textsc{clvr} admits an efficient lazy update strategy that makes its complexity bounds scale with the number of nonzero elements of the linear constraint matrix in (GLP) rather than the matrix dimensions. We show that Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) problems with ambiguity sets based on both $f$-divergence and Wasserstein metrics can be reformulated as (GLPs) by introducing sparsely connected auxiliary variables. We complement our theoretical guarantees with numerical experiments that verify our algorithm's practical effectiveness, both in terms of wall-clock time and number of data passes.
Estimating Human Body Configurations Using Shape Context Matching

The problem we consider in this paper is to take a single two-dimensional image containing a human body, locate the joint positions, and use these to estimate the body configuration and pose in three-dimensional space. The basic approach is to store a number of exemplar 2D views of the human body in a variety of different configurations and viewpoints with respect to the camera. On each of these stored views, the locations of the body joints (left elbow, right knee, etc.) are manually marked and labelled for future use. The test shape is then matched to each stored view, using the technique of shape context matching in conjunction with a kinematic chain-based deformation model. Assuming that there is a stored view sufficiently similar in configuration and pose, the correspondence process will succeed. The locations of the body joints are then transferred from the exemplar view to the test shape. Given the joint locations, the 3D body configuration and pose are then estimated. We can apply this technique to video by treating each frame independently - tracking just becomes repeated recognition! We present results on a variety of datasets.
Postoperative mesenteric venous thrombosis: Potential complication related to minimal access surgery in a patient with undiagnosed hypercoagulability.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with laparoscopy which has now become common practice and gold standard for many procedures in general surgery. There are only few scattered case reports in the literature describing this postoperative thrombotic event. Case Report: In the present study, we describe a patient presenting with severe abdominal pain at 25 days following an uneventful laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repair and nissen fundoplication. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an extensive small bowel ischemia requiring bowel resection followed by a second look laparotomy. Retrospectively performed hematologic workup revealed a genetic mutation associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in addition to her hyperfibrinogenemia. Previously published data were collected and discussed. Conclusions: Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially serious complication after laparoscopic surgery especially in patients with underlying hypercoagulability. High index of suspicion is important in early diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Boundary condition model applied to antihyperon-nucleon scattering.—II

The differential elastic cross-sections, total elastic, charge-exchange and annihilation cross-sections, and polarization have been calculated up to several hundred MeV for antihyperon-nucleon scattering. Cross-sections have also been calculated for. The model employed for the calculation utilizes an «elastic» one- and two-pion potential plus an absorptive-core boundary condition. The «elastic» antihyperon-nucleon potential is constructed usingSU3 group symmetries.
The Problem With Derivatives In Valuing Securities

This paper concludes that we have auditors who, in general, do not understand derivatives but who are stipulating to the accuracy of the financial reports of companies that make extensive use of derivatives. We have financial analysts, many of which do not have an in depth understanding of derivatives, or accounting standards that govern them or their effect on company valuation. Even if the security analysts are knowledgeable about Derivatives it is doubtful that they have enough, or the correct, information to do a thorough analysis. We have many government regulators, most of whom even in the securities industry, generally have little or no knowledge relating to derivatives. And we have the general public, many of whom invest in the securities of these companies, but are not able to assess the effect of derivatives usage on their prospective investments.
Evidence for endothelial dysfunction and enhanced vasoconstriction in myocardial bridges

Myocardial bridges are a common angiographic and necropsy finding. Although generally considered to be an incidental finding with a benign prognosis, myocardial bridges have been associated with angina, malignant arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.‘-” The mechanism whereby myocardial bridges induce myocardial &hernia is unclear. We report two cases in which myocardial bridges were associated with pronounced coronary vasoconstriction following infusion of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, suggesting that myocardial bridges are associated with dysfunctional coronary endothelium. Loss of functioning coronary endothelium and endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) at sites of myocardial bridging might contribute to coronary vasospasm and myocardial ischemia. Case No. I. A 34-year-old man presented complaining of squeezing chest pain, radiating to the left shoulder, of approximately 4 hours’ duration. He smoked cigarettes occasionally but denied hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus, and had no family history of coronary artery disease. He took no medications. Physical examination on admission revealed a blood pressure of 122/72 mm Hg, a pulse of 84 beats/min, and a temperature of 37’ C. The physical examination, including cardiac examination, was unremarkable. Admission laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistries, and coagulation studies were within normal limits. His lipid profile included a total cholesterol of 184, with a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 33 and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 102. Serum triglycerides were 304. An admission electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm, with nonspecific T wave inversions. No prior electrocardiograms were available for comparison. Serial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes revealed no evidence of acute myocardial infarction. The patient underwent coronary angiography, which revealed no evidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Systolic compression consistent with a myocardial bridge was noted in the mid-left anterior descend-
Interrater Agreement Reconsidered: An Alternative to the rwg Indices

For continuous constructs, the most frequently used index of interrater agreement (r wg(1))can be problematic. Typically, rwg(1) is estimated with the assumption that a uniform distribution represents no agreement. The authors review the limitations of this uniform nullr wg(1) index and discuss alternative methods for measuring interrater agreement. A new interrater agreement statistic,a wg(1),is proposed. The authors derive thea wg(1)statistic and demonstrate thatawg(1) is an analogue to Cohen’s kappa, an interrater agreement index for nominal data. A comparison is made between agreement estimates based on the uniformr wg(1)and a wg(1), and issues such as minimum sample size and practical significance levels are discussed. The authors close with recommendations regarding the use ofr wg(1)/rwg(J) when a uniform null is assumed,r wg(1)/rwg(J) indices that do not assume a uniform null,awg(1) / a wg(J)indices, and generalizability estimates of interrater agreement.