cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4044: microRNA mimics as cancer therapeutics

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. The mRNA targets of microRNAs are usually determined based on complementarily to the 5′ end of the microRNA; the area termed the seed sequence. One microRNA can have more than 100 mRNA targets that are usually inhibited by ∼50%. The expression of microRNAs has been shown to be dysregulated in numerous cancer types. These dysregulated microRNAs can act to either positively or negatively regulate initiation, proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Some of the most important pathways in cancer biology (e.g. the Ras and p53 pathways) have been shown to interact with microRNAs. Therefore, both inhibiting and replacing microRNAs have therapeutic potential in oncology. We are using technology similar to that used for antisense oligonucleotides and lipid nanoparticle formulated siRNAs, both of which are currently in clinical trials for cancer, to determine the best potential microRNA based therapeutics to develop as drugs. In this report we will focus on our attempts to introduce mimics of microRNAs known to be down-regulated in tumors (e.g. miR-34a). Initial experiments were performed in wild-type mice and demonstrated the ability to deliver microRNA mimics to the liver and to affect gene expression in a seed sequence-dependent manner. These results, along with effects of successful microRNA introduction into an orthotopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4044.
Multidigit camptodactyly of the hands and feet: A case study.

A clinical case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with multidigit, nonsyndromal, progressive camptodactyly is discussed. While bilateral little finger camptodactyly is well described, there is no documentation of camptodactyly involving all fingers and many toes as well as both proximal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. This patient responded well to surgery, which was performed on four toes and seven fingers, despite having established radiographic changes of camptodactyly in the PIP joints as well as two DIP joints. This case illustrates that in the skeletally immature patient, successful surgical outcomes can occur even in patients with radiographic bone changes, which themselves may be reversible following PIP contracture release. This patient’s separate fingers presented with deformity at different stages. A single patient with multiple digit involvement is illustrative of the range of clinical presentations and treatment options for camptodactyly. This article serves to inform hand surgeons about the potential consequences of avoiding surgical treatment, the need for a severity staging system, and the breadth of presentations in camptodactyly.
Expression of actin isoforms in the guinea pig organ of Corti: muscle isoforms are not detected.

Abstract The specificity of antibodies to actin was assayed by use of immunoblots and histological sections of control tissues enriched for each of six different isoforms. On immunoblots, all antibodies stained at most one band of protein in most of the control materials, with a molecular weight of approximately 43 kDa. Their pattern of staining of muscle and nonmuscle tissues indicated their isoform specificity. On tissue sections, immunocytochemical staining demonstrated cellular and subcellular localization of the different isoforms. Once characterized with regard to specificity, these antibodies were used to probe actin in the guinea pig organ of Corti. None of the four muscle isoforms of actin were found in either immunoblots or tissue sections of the organ of Corti. Both β- and -γ-cytoplasmic isoforms of actin were present in hair cells and supporting cells. This leaves open to investigation the role which cytoplasmic actins play in these cells of the organ of Corti.
Alternate Binding of Actin and Calmodulin to Multiple Sites on Dystrophin

Mouse dystrophin protein sequence 1-385 and various deletion mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins, and the binding of actin, calmodulin, and troponin C were characterized. The fusion protein-containing sequence 1-385 bound actin with an apparent dissociation constant of 129 +/- 65 nM as measured using a solid-phase immunoassay. High affinity was also observed with ultracentrifuge cosedimentation assays and biotinylated-actin binding assays. Results with deletion mutants and analysis based upon sequence homology were consistent with two or three high affinity F-actin-binding sequences within this region of dystrophin at sequence positions 18-37 (ABS 1), 128-149 (ABS 2), and potentially at a new region called ABS 3 (86-120). A fusion protein lacking these sequences but containing dystrophin triple-helix sequences also bound actin but with reduced affinity. Calmodulin binds to dystrophin sequence 1-385 in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and competitively inhibits F-actin binding. Results were consistent with two Ca(2+)-calmodulin-binding sites in this region of dystrophin at approximate sequence positions 18-42 (CBS 1) and 104-125 (CBS 2) with calmodulin affinities of 2.1 +/- 1 and 1.6 +/- 1.2 microM, respectively. Troponin C can substitute for calmodulin, although it binds with about 2-fold lower affinity. These results suggest that calmodulin (or troponin C) binding alternates with and may regulate F-actin binding by dystrophin much as has been postulated for other cytoskeletal proteins which are homologous to dystrophin.
Effect of lipid and ketone infusions on insulin-induced growth hormone elevations in rhesus monkeys.

Insulin hypoglycemia was induced in 34 rhesus monkeys in order to test the effectof infusions of ketones and lipids on insulin-induced growth hormone (GH) elevations. During pentobarbital anesthesia, 10 of 15 control monkeys responded with at least a 2-fold rise in plasma GH concentrations following intravenous injection of 0.25 U insulin/kg. Infusion ofa 20%soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid) resulting in 6 mm plasma FFA concentrations completely inhibited insulin-induced GH elevations in 8 monkeys. Similarly, sodium octanoate infusion resultingin 3 mm plasma FFA concentrations inhibited insulin- induced GH elevations in 7 monkeys. β-Hydroxybutyrate infusion at a rate of 13–16 mg/kg/min did not abolish insulin-induced GH elevations. The mechanism of the FFA suppression of GH response to insulin hypoglycemia is unclear. (Endocrinology85: 1180, 1969)
Influence of soil fumigation and source of strawberry plants on population densities of spores and infective propagules of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi

Fumigation of soil with methyl bromide-chloropicrin (2∶1, w/w) killed all detectable infective propagules of endogonaceous fungi in one field and reduced those in another to a trace. However, spore population densities were reduced by only half in the first field and not affected in the second. These effects persisted overwinter in the first field and through the growing season in the second. Apparently spores killed by fumigation do not degrade in soil readily. No evidence was obtained that commercial strawberry transplants were an important source for introduction of endogonaceous fungi.
Phenolic component profiles of mustard greens, yu choy, and 15 other Brassica vegetables.

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling method was used to characterize the phenolic components of 17 leafy vegetables from Brassica species other than Brassica oleracea. The vegetables studied were mustard green, baby mustard green, gai choy, baby gai choy, yu choy, yu choy tip, bok choy, bok choy tip, baby bok choy, bok choy sum, Taiwan bok choy, Shanghai bok choy, baby Shanghai bok choy, rapini broccoli, turnip green, napa, and baby napa. This work led to the tentative identification of 71 phenolic compounds consisting of kaempferol 3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside derivatives, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-glucoside hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobioses, hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids. Ten of the compounds, 3-O-diacyltriglucoside-7-O-glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin, had not been previously reported. The phenolic component profiles of these vegetables were significantly different than those of the leafy vegetables from B. oleracea. This is the first comparative study of these leafy vegetables. Ten of the vegetables had never been previously studied by LC-MS.
Ligand-free Ni nanocluster formation at atmospheric pressure via rapid quenching in a microplasma process

The production of metal nanoclusters composed of less than 10 3 atoms is important for applications in energy conversion and medicine, and for fundamental studies of nanomaterial nucleation and growth. Unfortunately, existing synthesis methods do not enable adequate control of cluster formation, particularly at atmospheric pressure wherein formation typically occurs on sub-millisecond timescales. Here, we demonstrate that ligand-free, unagglomerated nickel nanoclusters can be continuously synthesized at atmospheric pressure via the decomposition of bis (cyclopentadienyl)nickel(II) (nickelocene) in a spatially-confined microplasma process that rapidly quenches particle growth and agglomeration. The clusters were measured on line by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and further analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results reveal that stable clusters with spherical equivalent mean diameters below 10 A are produced, and by controlling the nickelocene concentration, the mean diameter can be tuned up to ∼50 A. Although diameter is often the sole metric used in nanocluster and nanoparticle characterization, to infer the number of atoms in AFM and IMS detected clusters, we compare measured AFM heights and IMS inferred collision cross sections to theoretical predictions based on both bulk matter approximations and density functional theory and Hartree–Fock calculated Ni nanocluster structures (composed of 2–15 atoms for the latter). The calculations suggest that Ni nanoclusters composed of less than 10 2 atoms can be produced repeatably with simple microplasma reactors. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/NANO/25/385601/mmedia
On Mourning Social Injury

This article offers a fundamental revision of the Freudian model of mourning and melancholia in order to render these psychoanalytic concepts flexible enough to describe the processes by which individuals and groups manage experiences of social injury such as racism, misogyny, homophobia and economic exploitation. “On Mourning Social Injury” argues that political hope is, in essence, a social form of mourning.
Uniform Evaluation Of Multichannel, Hermaphroditic Fiber Optic Connectors For Tactical Applications

This paper describes an evaluation of candidate multichannel, hermaphroditic fiber optic connectors under uniform, and where possible, standard conditions. Connectors manufactured by TRW, Bell-Northern, Hughes, ITT-STL (Ptarmigan) and ITT-Cannon were tested. The optical insertion loss was measured while the connectors underwent (1) normal mating, (2) repetitive mating, (3) strain relief flexing, (4) temperature cycling, (5) connector-to-cable tensile stress and, (6) connector-to-connector tensile stress. In addition, the candidate connectors were rated by attributes for (1) mating forces, (2) alignment ease, (3) cleaning, (4) handling damage, and (5) human factors.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Loss of 2-deoxy-D-glucose induced eating in recovered lateral rats ☆

Abstract Results of the present study demonstrate that rats which have recovered in a typical manner from lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions and do not drink following subcutaneous injection of hypertonic saline do not eat in response to intraperitoneal injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), 600 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, and also confirm the earlier work of others that they do not eat in response to the administration of insulin, 8 units. Another group of rats which recovered from the LH lesions more rapidly and drank following the administration of hypertonic saline and insulin did not eat following insulin and did not eat or drink following the two doses of 2-DG. Therefore, although the LH is necessary for insulin and 2-DG induced drinking and eating, separate structures seem to be involved in the mediation of drinking and eating.
The effect of surface on the recrystallization of gold single crystals

Abstract Gold single crystals were deformed at room temperature to various amounts of deformation at different strain rates. The crystals were cut into several specimens, each of which was etched to remove an amount of the surface layer (0–416 μ,), and “recrystallized.” An effect of the surface on nucleation of recrystallized grains was found. The effect was most pronounced in crystals deformed to the end of stage II of the stress-strain curve. It is concluded that the surface itself has an effect which results in high dislocation density regions in its layers. Several mechanisms, by which the surface layers interfere with dislocations escaping from the surface, are discussed.
Parallelism analysis of the memory system in single-chip VLIW video signal processors

This paper presents a design study of the memory system for a very long instruction word (VLIW) video signal processor (VSP). The gap between memory and modern processors is continuously becoming wider and wider, and thus memory systems have been a subject of active research for a long time.However, memory issues in VLIW machines have not yet been addressed. Real-time video signal processing requires a fast memory with high-bandwidth and high-connectivity. Efficient memory system design is particularly important for VSPs that combine significant amounts of memory on-chip with the processor, which we expect to become common in the next generation of VSPs. In this paper we use trace-driven methodology to analyze the parallelism, especially that of memory operations, in video applications. With a scheduling range of up to ne billion operations, we analyzed large traces of several real applications including H.263, MPEG2 and MPEG4. We found that even with a conservative configuration the average speedup is more than 8.
New Method for Distorted-Wave Analysis of Stripping to Unbound States

The distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) cross section is discussed for a reaction of the form $A(d,pn)A$ in which $n$ is not observed. We evaluate the slowly convergent oscillating radial integrals by contour integration in the complex radius plane. This avoids the computation of wave functions out to the large distances that the Huby-Mines technique requires. The present technique is also useful for stripping to very weakly bound states. We find that the DWBA angular distribution for stripping to a resonant $n$ state is closely reproduced by using a form factor for the resonant energy of $n$. The width of the resonance, rather than the spectroscopic factor, is found to be measured by the absolute magnitude of the cross section. The results of calculations with the present method are compared with the results of the Huby-Mines method for the $^{16}\mathrm{O}(d,p)^{17}\mathrm{O}$ reaction leading to the resonant 5.08-MeV state of $^{17}\mathrm{O}$.
Abstract 3307: Angiomotin regulates the Hippo pathway to increase prostate cancer cell growth

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Angiomotin (AMOT) is a member of the motin family that consists of three members, AMOT, AMOTL1, and AMOTL2, which function as either positive or negative regulators of cell growth depending on interacting proteins and cellular context. The role of AMOT in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been studied. AMOT is expressed as two isoforms, AMOTp80 and AMOTp130. The AMOTp130 isoform has an extended 409 aa N-terminal domain that is absent in AMOTp80. Both AMOTp80 and AMOTp130 are expressed in LNCaP and C4-2B4, but at a very low level in PC3-mm2 PCa cells. We found that expression of AMOTp130 and AMOTp80 have distinct functions in PCa cells. While AMOTp80 functions as a tumor promoter by enhancing PCa cell proliferation, AMOTp130 did not. We further show that AMOTp80 affects the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway by inhibiting LATS1 and YAP phosphorylation, resulting in nuclear translocation of YAP. Once in the nucleus, YAP increases transcription of the target protein BMP4. Moreover, inhibition of BMP receptor activity by LDN-193189 abrogates AMOTp80-mediated proliferation. These observations suggest that AMOTp80 induces the expression of BMP4, which functions in an autocrine manner to promote PCa cell proliferation. Together, our studies identify AMOTp80-MST-LATS1-YAP-BMP4 as a novel signal pathway that regulates PCa cell proliferation. Citation Format: Angelica Ortiz, Hao Zeng, Sue-Hwa Lin. Angiomotin regulates the Hippo pathway to increase prostate cancer cell growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3307. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3307
Kinetic modeling of spectra of flames with suppressants

The phase out of halons in response to the Montreal Protocol and the quest for alternative fire suppressants has focused attention on the current lack of understanding of mechanisms of flame extinction. Challenges to the free-radical scavenging mechanism in which chemical chains in combustion are interrupted have raised serious questions as to why the halons are effective. Low-resolution ultraviolet computer spectroscopy can be used to observe the OH radical and other simple molecules when acted upon by halon or alternative suppressants. However, the physical and chemical interpretation of such observations requires reaction rates leading to the OH radical and other observable molecules in 3-6 eV electronic states. Using a simple kinetics model, the authors illustrate where major reaction rates to excited states would be helpful to the interpretation of the interaction of suppressants with flames. Quantum chemists could provide a valuable service by providing such rates and helping to assess whether or not flame suppression by free-radical scavenging is a significant mechanism. 29 refs., 5 figs.
Some Sociological Aspects of Literature

Author's Summary— Literature, perhaps born out of a social need, has always had a social function. Weber's theory discussed. Literary movements are conditioned by social interaction and transmission. Literary forms and techniques are part of our social heritage.)
A subpopulation of T cells detected by AET-treated sheep erythrocytes.

Abstract The rosette-forming capacity of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of normal subjects and patients with colorectal cancer, malignant melanoma, lymphoma, and acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia was determined with sheep erythrocytes (E) and 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated E. The titer of anti-thymocyte globulin that caused a 25% inhibition in rosette formation was also tested with the untreated and AET-treated E. An increase of approximately 20% in RFC was observed with AET-treated E when compared to E. The ratio of AET-RFC/E-RFC varied in different kinds of cancer with the highest ratio observed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The anti-thymocyte globulin titer was always found to be greater with the E than with the AET-treated E. The properties of an E-RFC-depleted lymphocyte preparation lead to the belief that there are at least two subpopulations of T cells, one of which is highly avid for E and AET-treated E.
The sunrise absorption effect observed at low frequencies

Abstract A theoretical determination is made of the electron density distribution in the region between 60 and 100 km for times around sunrise. It is shown that the radiations responsible for ionisation are Lyman alpha acting on NO and cosmic ray ionization of O2 and N2. This leads to a twilight D region consisting of two strata. The upper layer is under direct solar control, increasing as the optical depth at Lyman alpha decreases. After an initial increase due to photodetachment from O−2 the lower region, formed by cosmic rays, remains constant. A comparison is made between this model and the behavior of the ionosphere deduced from low and very low frequency radio soundings.
Design of an advanced modular automated evaluation system for experimental high power Si and SiC SGTOs

An advanced evaluation system for experimental high power silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) Super Gate Turn Off Thyristors (SGTOs) with custom data acquisition and characterization electronics was designed and built in a cooperative agreement between engineers at Texas Tech University's (TTU) Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics (P3E) laboratory and research scientists at the U.S. Army Research Lab (ARL). The system consists of a 4.4 kJ Pulse Forming Network (PFN) energized by a 10 kW rapid capacitor charger developed at TTU, a data acquisition system which records chosen waveforms for each test cycle and a curve tracing module which the test devices are mechanically switched into to record current and voltage characteristics at arbitrary intervals between high power cycles. Testing is completely automated, with all test parameters including charge level, repetition rate, volume, etc. set within a custom windows based GUI. The evaluation system has successfully recorded changing I-V characteristics before actual physical failure in several devices. Extremely high volume testing has also been carried out with one device having been cycled over 30,000 times at moderate (2.5 kA) conduction levels. This paper expands on work presented at the 2012 Power Modulator Conference and presents newly acquired data and modifications.
The influence of increasing media methanol concentration on sophorolipid biosynthesis from glycerol-based feedstocks

Candida bombicola, a known producer of sophorolipids (SLs; glycolipid surfactants), was grown on glycerol and oleic acid with up to 1.5% (v/v) methanol in the fermentation growth media to assess the effects of methanol presence on SL synthesis and structural distribution. Increasing methanol concentrations had little effect on the growth of the organism resulting in average cell dry weights (CDW; after SL separation) of 20.8 ± 0.7 g/l between 0 and 1.5% methanol. However, increasing methanol concentrations decreased SL production by 56% (from 12.7 to 5.6 g/l at 1.5% methanol) which translated to SL yields on a cellular basis of between 0.60 g SL/g cells (in the absence of methanol) to 0.27 g SL/g cells (in the presence of 1.5% methanol). LC/MS revealed that increased methanol concentrations also resulted in larger concentrations (up to 20 mol%) of free acid SLs but had little effect on the ratios of diacetylated SL lactones synthesized with palmitic acid (4 mol%), linoleic acid (3 mol%), oleic acid (80 mol%), and stearic acid (13 mol%) as the hydrophobic moieties.
Selection of electrophoric derivatives of 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene for determination by gas chromatography with electron-capture negative-ion mass spectrometry.

Abstract Several electrophone derivatives of 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene were prepared. Reagents such as heptafluorobutyryl chloride, pentafluorobenzoyl chloride, pentafluorobenzyl bromide and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, alone and in certain combinations, were employed. The ease of formation, yield, stability and fragmentation by gas chromatography with electron-capture negative-ion (ECNI) mass spectrometry of the derivatives were compared. This allowed the most promising ones to be selected for future work on the sensitive detection of aminopolyaromatics by this detection technique. Pentafluorobenzylidene (first choice) and N-pentafluorobenzylN-heptafluorobutyryl (second choice) derivatives emerged as the best ones. The origins of losses of HF and 2HF from some of the derivatives were elucidated in the ECNI mass spectra by studies of deuterium-labeled analogues.
Demyelinating and neurologic events reported in association with tumor necrosis factor α antagonism: By what mechanisms could tumor necrosis factor α antagonists improve rheumatoid arthritis but exacerbate multiple sclerosis?

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) inhibition is the most significant advancement in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the adoption of methotrexate in the 1980s (1,2). As TNFa antagonists have become increasingly utilized, both as monotherapy and in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, there have been a number of reports of demyelinating and other central nervous system (CNS) events in patients receiving TNF antagonists (3,4). It is unclear whether these cases represent coincidental events or whether they are side effects of the new therapies. If these events are side effects, then we need to identify the mechanism by which they are occurring. Because these agents are utilized with increasing frequency to treat a host of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, there will undoubtedly be reports of drug associations and side effects. Careful examination of potential treatment-related adverse events is critical and may result in unique insights into the mechanisms of action of these novel therapeutic agents, as well as increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of the diseases currently being treated by these agents. Evidence of association between TNFa antagonists and demyelinating and CNS events
Methodological Innovation to Increase the Utility and Efficiency of Psychotherapy Research for Patients with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

There have been increasing calls to provide empirical support for psychotherapy treatments. Clinicians and treatment providers are eager for additional research showing which treatments are most effective, in what context, and for whom. Despite this consensus, debate remains regarding the standards and methods to evaluate the evidence for psychotherapy models. Whereas efficacy trials with rigid study parameters allow for maximum control, they often have limited generalizability. In contrast, effectiveness models which focus on testing treatments under real world conditions often compromise causal inference and conclusive results. Experience over the past ten years in testing interventions for substance abusing women with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and delivering community-based treatment have led to an acute awareness of these dilemmas. In this article, we examine the limits of traditional efficacy research as applied to psychotherapy treatments with chronic and difficult-to-treat patient groups. We discuss how gaps between clinical research and practice have hindered the progression of evaluation and clinical application for such populations. We present a hybrid model (Carroll & Rounsaville, 2003) in which study conditions are more naturalistic but maintain essential features of efficacy trials (e.g., randomization to intervention conditions) to inform the next generation of treatment studies. A hybrid model trial within the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) illustrates the application which answers practical questions with respect to sample selection, design flexibility, and therapist/supervisor training. Finally, we discuss implications and continuing challenges for future psychotherapy research.
Missing school dropouts in surveys does not bias risk estimates

Abstract Objectives. Our purpose is to advise those who propose to use school-based sampling frames in studying risk attributes of the adolescent population. Compared to using area sampling frames, will their estimates be biased by the fact that they do not have data from adolescents who are not enrolled in or present at school, primarily dropouts and graduates? Methods. We used a national probability sample of school enrollment rosters as a sampling frame but administered questionnaires in respondents’ homes. In this way we obtained data not only from those attending school but also from those who had dropped out or graduated between the time rosters were compiled and the time questionnaires were administered. We compare estimates of attributes with and without dropouts and graduates. Results. Estimates based on omitting those who had dropped out or graduated within the year before interview are only trivially different from estimates that include them, even though dropouts and graduates often differ significantly from those still attending school. Conclusions. Although dropouts and graduates are missing, school administration of interviews does not significantly bias population-wide estimates. This is because dropout rates at the national level are currently quite low. Although they differ significantly from the enrolled, the absence of dropouts does not bias estimates for the total population.
ReRAM device performance study with Transition Metal Disulfide interfacial layer

Transition Metal Oxide (TMO) based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices have been a topic of extensive research in the recent years [1]. However, in spite of significant research progress in this area, there are several pending issues that need to be studied. Of these several issues, two of the major issues lie in reducing the electroforming (EF) voltage, and reset current in the current state of the art ReRAM devices. To address these issues, we investigated the impact of inserting an ultra-thin interfacial layer (IL) of Transition Metal Disulfide (TMD) based on WS 2 on the switching characteristics of HfO 2 based ReRAM devices. Our studies indicated that the incorporation of WS 2 IL resulted in a significant reduction in the EF voltage and reset current compared to the control devices. This observation indicates the possibility of achieving low-switching energy ReRAM devices by optimization of TMO/TMD interface and thicknesses.
Efficient Migration of Virtual Machines between Public and Private Cloud

Cloud computing service providers offer cost-effective means to burst computational needs and utilise live migration of virtual machines (VMs) for effective and efficient work-load movements with short service downtimes. However, there is a lack of support for migrating VMs between different service providers as well as private and public cloud offerings, main challenges arise from the bandwidth and storage costs of data during migration potentially mitigating any cost benefit. In this paper, we propose and evaluate techniques for efficient and effective transfer and storage of VM images, which have high duplication, for both instance and volume-based cloud storage. Our main focus is on both the public and private cloud infrastructure and the movement of VMs between them.
Just-in-time Inventory Control and the Economic Integration of Japanese-owned Manufacturing Plants with the County, State and National Economies of the United States

REID N. (1995) Just-in-time inventory control and the economic integration of Japanese-owned manufacturing plants with the county, state and national economies of the United States, Reg. Studies 29, 345–355. This paper attempts to shed light on the ongoing debate concerning the spatial implications of just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing systems. The central issue around which this debate has focused concerns the extent to which use of JIT inventory control encourages the spatial clustering of the members of a JIT network. This paper tests the hypothesis that plants which use JIT inventory control purchase a greater proportion of their material inputs from inside their host economy than plants which do not use JIT inventory control. Using survey data collected from 239 US-based Japanese-owned manufacturing plants, this hypothesis is tested for host economies defined at three geographic scales—county, state and national Support for the hypothesis is found at the county, but not at the state and national scales...
Photographs of quantized vortex lines in rotating He II

The spatial positions of discrete quantized vortex lines in rotating superfluid helium have been directly visualized by a photographic technique. The positions of the lines in the apparatus do not form a regular array.
Innovations in nutrition education and global health: the Bangalore Boston nutrition collaborative

Background India has a wide range of nutrition and health problems which require professionals with appropriate skills, knowledge and trans-disciplinary collaborative abilities to influence policy making at the national and global level.
Epidemiology of allergy to insect venoms and stings.

Stings by bees, yellow jackets, hornets or wasps may cause allergic reactions in sensitized individuals, including systemic or anaphylactic reactions. The epidemiology and natural history of insect venom allergy is emerging in the past decade and has clarified the reasons for the false perceptions that whole body extracts of the insects were considered effective for therapy. Up to 3% of adults have had a systemic sting reaction but 25% show venom sensitivity on skin test or RAST. Sensitization is common after a sting but is transient in 50% of cases. The risk (and pattern) of systemic reaction differs in children, but is 50% for those with positive history and skin test. Lower risk of reaction is expected in those with positive skin tests and large local reactions (5-10%), no previous reaction (10-20%), children with strictly cutaneous generalized reaction (1-10%), or for those with no stings for over ten years (15-25%). These observations have profound impact on the evaluation of patients for initiation or discontinuation of venom immunotherapy. Language: en
Some Unanswered Questions in Fluid Mechanics

Perhaps a hundred questions are imbedded in this collection. It is an experiment that brings together the contributions of many people. Questions are not widely used in the authors literature. The typical paper in fluid mechanics, or in science and engineering generally, contains not a single question. Some people are clearly reluctant to pose questions for which they have no answers. But the absence of questions is also in part because they are not part of their profession's tradition. Not so in mathematics, where the first question column in a magazine appeared 250 years ago. The custom continues today, e.g. as a regular column in the American Mathematical Monthly. A major hope behind the assembling of the questions in this paper is that they may bring into focus some of the unresolved problem in fluid mechanics. Another hope, of course, is that questions from a variety of fields may stimulate the kind of interdisciplinary ideas juxtaposition has so often spawned in the past. Finally, the authors are curious as to whether questions are potentially more useful or less useful than their current frequency of occurrence indicates.
Design automation tools for efficient implementation of logic functions by decomposition

A description is given of linear and disjoint decompositions of completely specified Boolean functions using transform methods. Since previously known transform methods are impractical for automation due to their enormous computational complexity, polynomial approximations to the linear decomposition procedure that use reduced representations of functions are used. Experimental results are reported which establish that such decompositions can often result in improved implementations of logic functions. The disjoint decomposition problem is in the spectral domain, allowing the development of an algorithm that can simultaneously detect multiple decompositions of a given function. This algorithm has low average complexity and has the ability to detect the nonexistence of decompositions quickly. >
3D ELASTODYNAMIC FINITE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE SIMULATION OF GUIDED WAVES IN EXTENDED BUILT-UP STRUCTURES CONTAINING FLAWS

In order to understand guided wave propagation through real structures containing flaws, a parallel processing, 3D elastic wave simulation using the elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) has been developed. This full field, numeric simulation technique easily examines models too complex for analytical solutions, and is developed to handle built up 3D structures as well as layers with different material properties and complicated surface detail. The simulations produce informative visualizations of the guided wave modes in the structures as well as the output from sensors placed in the simulation space to mimic experiment.
Determination of the Doppler factor of relativistic beams in radio active galactic nuclei. (I) 3C 273

Abstract There are shortcomings in the present available method of determining the Doppler factor δ based on a uniform model of synchrotron self-Compton mechanism and linking the observed fluxes at individual points of the radio and X-ray spectra. In this paper we develop a new model which is nonuniform and uses the entire radio and X spectra. We applied this new model to 3C273. We found δ ∼ 31.3 and a jet inclination θ ∼ 1.5°. Hence we deduce an intrinsic brightness temperature of ∼ 1.5×1010K, so alleviating the difficulty of “Compton catastrophe”. Our determination of δ being based on a more realistic nonuniform model and on a larger number of datapoints, should be more reliable.
Reexamining the Lyman Continuum in Starburst Galaxies Observed with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

We have reevaluated the constraints on the Lyman continuum emission from four starburst galaxies observed with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) during the Astro-2 mission. Applying a detailed model of the absorption by interstellar gases in our Galaxy, and using the latest HUT data products, we find upper limits to the redshifted Lyman continuum that are less restrictive than those reported previously. Well-determined astrophysical and instrumental effects permit 2 σ upper limits no tighter than 5.2%, 11%, 57%, and 3.2% to be set on the escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons from IRAS 08339+6517, Mrk 1267, Mrk 66, and Mrk 496, respectively. Absorption from undetected interstellar components (including H2) or modulation of the emergent spectrum by gas or dust in the parent galaxy could allow the true escape fractions to exceed these revised upper limits.
Spatial Regulation of Wingless Morphogen Distribution and Signaling by Dally-like Protein

Wingless (Wg) is a morphogen required for the patterning of many Drosophila tissues. Several lines of evidence implicate heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as Dally-like protein (Dlp) in the control of Wg distribution and signaling. We show that dlp is required to limit Wg levels in the matrix, contrary to the expectation from overexpression studies. dlp mutants show ectopic activation of Wg signaling at the presumptive wing margin and a local increase in extracellular Wg levels. dlp somatic cell clones disrupt the gradient of extracellular Wg, producing ectopic activation of high threshold Wg targets but reducing the expression of lower threshold Wg targets where Wg is limiting. Notum encodes a secreted protein that also limits Wg distribution, and genetic interaction studies show that dlp and Notum cooperate to restrict Wg signaling. These findings suggest that modification of an HSPG by a secreted hydrolase can control morphogen levels in the matrix.
The pathogenesis of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia

Abstract Objective: The pathogeneses of Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia are incompletely understood. In this article, the authors attempt to review the current theories on the pathogeneses of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. Methods: A literature review for articles pertaining to Chiari I malformation or syringomyelia before August 2010 was conducted; in addition, the author’s own experience in treating Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia is included. Results: Chiari I malformation has been defined radiographically as cerebellar tonsillar herniation or ectopia 5 mm or greater below the foramen magnum. By this narrow definition, Chiari I malformation (i.e. cerebellar tonsillar herniation or ectopia 5 mm or greater below the foramen magnum) likely encompasses a heterogeneous grouping of disorders caused by different mechanisms. Molecular and genetic studies have been helpful in furthering our understanding of Chiari I malformation. Conclusion: A review of the pathogeneses of...
Evolving planning systems in Madrid, Rome, and Athens

Although possessing ancient and distinguished histories, the recent urbanization and planning approaches of Madrid, Rome and Athens are relatively unknown to English-speaking planners and urban geographers. This paper reviews the development of each city from the mid-19th century to the present. Special attention is given to the planning instruments developed in each city to guide growth. Each city experienced rapid growth over the past century because of its capital city functions. As a result of strong growth pressures, city planning policies were frequently subverted by private sector interests. Only in the latter part of the 20th century have planning measures become effective in controlling and directing urban growth.
TEMPERATURE SYNCHRONIZATION, PHASE DYNAMICS AND OSCILLATION DEATH IN A RING OF THERMALLY-COUPLED ROOMS

Synchronization of coupled, self-excited oscillators in complex systems is a common occurance. This report examines the effects of thermal coupling through the walls of a building on temperature oscillations due to hysteretic thermostatic control. The specific case of three rooms is studied. A system of differential equations models the dynamics of each room temperature, accounting for on-off heating, heat loss to the environment, and heat exchange between rooms. Three types of solutions are observed: one in which all room temperatures oscillate in phase, another with the oscillations equidistant in phase, and a third that is time-independent. The existence and linear stability of each solution type is investigated as a function of a parameter k that represents the thermal interaction between neighboring rooms. The in-phase behavior exists and is linearly stable for all k, the out-of-phase oscillations exist in a band of k and are stable in a smaller band, and the time-independent solution exists above a certain k where they are stable.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
5-alpha Reductase inhibitors in prostate cancer: from clinical trials to clinical practice.

After a gap of nearly a decade since the introduction of docetaxel, the past 2 years have seen a tremendous expansion of effective new therapeutic agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). These agents have demonstrated advantages in specific outcomes, including longer survival and relief from disease manifestations such as bone pain [1]. Despite questions regarding the proper sequencing of these agents and their integration into an overall treatment plan, the new agents have immediate clinical utility for the management of CRPC. Advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways and genetic factors underlying prostate cancer (PCa) have been primarily responsible for the identification of new targets, new drugs, and new therapeutic strategies. The role of androgen-receptor signaling in particular has received renewed attention. Concurrently, the sharp rise in the incidence of low-risk PCa during the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era, and the paradigm shift in the management of localized PCa toward active surveillance have led to an evolution of traditional hormonal therapy, specifically 5-a reductase inhibition (5-ARI). The 5-a reductase enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, thereby initiating embryologic development of the prostate, growth of prostate glands, and promotion of PCa [2]. In contrast to the newly discovered agents for CRPC, 5-ARIs have not gained wide acceptance in clinical practice despite some evidence of clinical efficacy. Two landmark randomized controlled trials of finasteride and dutasteride demonstrated an advantage in the primary prevention of PCa [3,4]. In secondary prevention, a recent randomized controlled trial in men with very low-risk PCa treated with
Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve contributing to obstructive sleep apnea in a child with Crouzon syndrome

Summary Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve is characterized by the fusion of tracheal rings. Patients with tracheal cartilaginous sleeve may develop frequent respiratory tract infections, coughs, increased mucus production, sporadic cyanosis episodes, and failure to thrive due to alterations in the lower airway. Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve is seen exclusively in craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis is described as the early fusion of skull sutures and causes abnormal development of the head. Crouzon syndrome is the most common syndromic craniosynostosis. Otolaryngologists may be asked to evaluate and manage breathing difficulties, sleep apnea, and hearing difficulties associated with Crouzon syndrome. Upper airway abnormalities such as hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids, midnasal stenosis, and choanal atresia have been reported. Lower airway abnormalities in the presence of obstructive airway symptoms have not been widely studied in Crouzon syndrome. We describe the diagnosis and management of multilevel airway problems in a child with Crouzon syndrome who presented with obstructive sleep apnea.
Application of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy to the Study of Metals: Spectroscopy and Topography

The design and performance of a scanning tunneling microscope for use in the study of metal surfaces is described. The system was designed for ultra high vacuum together with standard sample cleaning and characterization techniques. The STM provides both topographic and spectroscopie information. Topographic images of well annealed Au(lll) show very smooth planes with single atomic steps. Corrugation on the (111) planes, which is expected from reconstruction models for this surface, is not seen. Other areas show monatomic steps in the form of an ordered array with a period corresponding to that derived from previous studies. A possible alternative reconstruction mechanism is suggested by these STM data. On the same surface are steeper sloped regions with multiple steps of equal height with wide facets. Spectroscopie first derivative data for Au and Pd show peaks which correspond to surface and bulk electronic states, for both filled and unfilled cases. The energy values of these states are compared directly with the results of other experimental methods. The use of combined topographic and spectroscopie mode for metals is anticipated.