cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic features and clinical outcome of ischemic‐type biliary complications after liver transplantation

The clinical significance and outcome of nonanastomotic strictures and dilatations involving only the biliary tree of the graft with a radiological appearance of biliary ischemia is unknown. Therefore we analyzed the grafts of 128 patients to evaluate the biochemical, radiological and histological features that prompted the diagnosis of ischemic-type biliary stricture and the clinical outcome of this complication. Ischemic-type biliary strictures were diagnosed in 25 patients (19%). Initial graft function was similar in all patients, whether or not this complication developed. Most ischemic-type biliary strictures occurred between 1 and 4 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation. However, the appearance of ischemic-type biliary stricture in the month after transplantation was predictive for a poor outcome in all six grafts with early onset of ischemic-type biliary strictures. Eighteen patients (72%) were treated with biliary stents and repeated dilatations. Long-term patency was achieved in 88% of these patients. Repeat transplantation was performed in six patients (24%); five survived. Finally, patients with ischemic-type biliary strictures spent more time in the hospital during the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation than did patients without the complication (62 +/- 27 days vs. 37 +/- 20 days; p < or = 0.001). This was due to repeated hospitalizations and a higher incidence of retransplantation. One-year graft survival was lower in patients with ischemic-type biliary strictures than in patients without ischemic-type biliary strictures (69% vs. 88%; p = 0.006). However, 1-yr patient survival was similar in the two groups (91% vs. 89%). In conclusion, early appearance of ischemic-type biliary stricture features is associated with poor graft prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multicenter Evaluation of a Candida albicans Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Probe for Characterization of Yeast Isolates from Blood Cultures

We evaluated aliquots from 244 clinical blood culture bottles that demonstrated yeasts on Gram stain using a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid (PNA) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the C. albicans PNA FISH test in this study were 99%, 100%, 100%, and 99.3%, respectively.
FNA diagnosis of a metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a previously unknown follicular variant of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

While metastatic tumors to bone or lymph nodes from previously known primaries are often successfully diagnosed via fine-needle aspiration (FNA), a metastatic deposit in a patient with no previously known cancer may pose a diagnostic dilemma. Here, we present a case of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma that presented initially as a large pelvic bone mass. FNA was performed on this mass. The diagnosis was challenging due the fact that the tumor did not display the classic nuclear features associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma, instead the nuclear morphology was in keeping with a follicular thyroid carcinoma. Given the patient's concurrent, unremarkable thyroid imaging studies the final diagnosis required an extensive immunohistochemical work-up.
Can we avert the need for pneumonectomy by screening for lung cancer

In the April issue of the European journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pierre Antoine Fuentes has provided a scholarly review on the adverse effects of pneumonectomy [1]. His very complete summary of the many bad things that can happen to the patient after this benighted operation explains why experienced thoracic surgeons fear this operation and regret clinical situations that mandate it’s performance. Recent information from lung cancer screening trials suggests that there may be some good news for patients and thoracic surgeons in this area. At the Eighth International Conference on Screening for Lung Cancer, held in Pamplona, Spain, April 25–27 2003, Hanaoka and his colleagues at Shinsu University in Nagano, Japan, presented their experience with surgical treatment of 60 patients with lung cancer detected by computerized tomographic screening. None of their patients required a pneumonectomy. This is quite unusual, since in most published series of surgical treatment of lung cancer, pneumonectomy is performed in 20–30% of cases. Two American screening programs show similar results. In the Early Lung Cancer Action Project experience, Henschke and coworkers have described their experience with baseline and first-annual repeat screening. Of 29 total cases treated surgically, there were 28 lobectomies and one pneumonectomy (in an interim, symptom-detected central endobronchial cancer) [2,3]. Crestanello and his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic reported to the Western Thoracic Surgical Association meeting in Carlsbad, California, June 19, 2003 on 53 lung resections for CT screen-detected lung cancers. No case required a pneumonectomy. These reports provide early, suggestive evidence that lung cancer screening with low-dose, non-contrast computerized tomography may have an important collateral clinical benefit. Screening may help preserve pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer by averting pneumonectomy.
A low power CMOS integrated circuit for implantable sensor

A low-power CMOS circuit for implantable sensor applications that converts the analog current output from the sensor into a square wave signal is presented. The frequency of the square wave output is proportional to the sensor current. The entire transmitter part of the sensor is integrated in a single CMOS chip requiring very low power dissipation. There is an on-chip voltage regulator to provide 1.0 V for rest of the circuits. The design has been completed in 0.35mum standard CMOS process. Test results are included
Estradiol-induced mitotic delay in hela cells: Reversal by calcium chloride and putrescine

Abstract Estradiol-17β induced reversible mitotic delay in HeLa cells which was localized at the beginning of mitosis. The duration of the mitotic lag was dose dependent. Only those cells that were in S or G2 periods at the time of estradiol treatment suffered the delay but not those in G1 period. A synergism between estradiol and colcemide was also observed. Calcium chloride or putrescine successfully reversed the mitotic delay induced by estradiol.
A scalable scientific database for chemistry calculations in reacting flow simulations

In many reacting flow simulations the dominant computational cost is the modelling of the underlying chemical processes. An effective approach for improving the efficiency of these simulations is the use of on-line, scientific databases. These databases allow for the approximation of the computationally expensive chemical process through interpolation from previously computed exact values. A sequential software implementation of these database algorithms has proven to be extremely effective in decreasing the running time of complex reacting flow simulations. To take advantage of high-performance, parallel computers, a parallel implementation has been designed and shown to be successful for steady-state problems. However, for transient problems this implementation suffers from poor load balancing. In this paper, we propose a modified algorithm for coordinating the building and the distributed management of the database. We present initial experimental results that illustrate improved load balancing algorithms for this new database design.
Implementation of curriculum by family medicine fellows: what factors help and what factors hinder?

Background and Objectives: The need for change in medical curricula is increasing, due partially to tougher curriculum and evaluation standards. Participants in our academic medicine fellowship learn to develop curricula, but not all are successful at fully implementing them. This study looked for facilitators of and barriers to curriculum implementation by individual fellows. A literature review uncovered studies identifying institutional variables relating to successful curriculum innovation but little that identified variables pertaining to the individual curriculum developer. Methods: We interviewed alumni of the curriculum development track of the Primary Care Faculty Development Fellowship at Michigan State University, asking what promoted or hindered their curriculum implementation. We analyzed interview notes to identify themes according to a theoretical framework. Results: Common facilitators were (1) having a strong advocate, (2) perception of need for the curriculum by both fellow and institution, and (3) having a curriculum plan. Common barriers were (1) no time slot for curriculum, (2) fellow had left job, and (3) curriculum was too large or complex. Conclusion: Successful curriculum developers have powerful advocates of well-designed curriculum plans that address recognized institutional needs.
Consumer Perceptions Towards Products Made in the People’s Republic of China: Implications for Marketing Strategy

Perceptions held towards products made in the People’s Republic of China are product-specific rather than global. U.S. consumers who tend to buy Chinese products are in their 30’ and 40’s, and have higher incomes and education. This study provides evidence of variations in specific perceptions due to differences in demographic characteristics, and offers suggestions for marketing Chinese products in the U.S.
Effects of intensive forest management practices on insect infestation levels and loblolly pine growth

Intensive forest management practices have been shown to increase tree growth and shorten rotation time. However, they may also lead to an increased need for insect pest management because of higher infestation levels and lower action thresholds. To investigate the relationship between intensive management practices and insect infestation, maximum growth potential studies of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., were conducted over 4 yr using a hierarchy of cultural treatments. The treatments were herbaceous weed control (H), H + irrigation (I), H + I + fertilizer (F), and H + I + F + pest control (P). These treatments were monitored for differences in growth and insect infestation levels related to the increasing management intensities. The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), was consistently found infesting study trees. In the third field season, the H + I + F + P treatment had significantly more southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), attacks than the H and H + I treatments. There were significant differences in volume index (D2H) among all treatments after each of the four growing seasons. This study indicated that tree fertilization can increase coneworm infestation and demonstrated that tip moth management can improve tree growth initially. Future measurements will determine if the growth gains from tip moth management are transitory or sustainable.
Perception of Human Capital Competences for The Provision of Tourist Services : an Overview of Visitors to the Destination Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico

The consolidated tourist destinations are facing a stagnation situation, preamble to decline, stay, or rejuvenate (Butler, 1980). This perspective raises the need to develop strategies at national, local and organizational levels to maintain or increase the influx, spending and tourist permanence that generates greater benefits to the destination, which implies, necessarily, having human capital possessing ability, as well as the technical and behavioral competencies sufficient to cater to these visitors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the perception of tourists regarding the competences of the human capital in lodging, food and transportation organizations in the city of Mazatlan Sinaloa. The research was conducted using a mixed methodology, being a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to develop the field work.
Histological data in a combined phylogenetic analysis of scleractinian reef corals

Scleractinian systematics have undergone rapid changes due to increased use of molecular phylogenetics and new perspectives on skeletal morphology from micromorphology and microstructure. Despite this increase in characters there are still unresolved clades in the phylogeny, indicating that more characters are needed. This study investigates a new source of morphological data within the soft tissue of Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals. Features of tissue layers, especially cnidocytes, are described in hematoxylin and eosin stained thin sections. Based on this new histological data source, a combined analysis with mitochondrial DNA and skeletal data is performed using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Parsimony analysis yields three most-parsimonious trees similar to trees based on Bayesian analysis. Character maps are also produced that show origination of histomorphological traits at deep nodes within the phylogeny. In general, both analyses retain the previously designated families Lobophylliidae and Merulinidae, but some genera are found to be paraphyletic. Nonetheless, the combined analysis produces a highly resolved and well-supported phylogeny, which could lead to more effective use of biological conservation metrics based on evolutionary distinctiveness. These results show for the first time that inclusion of histomorphological characters improves the resolution of phylogenetic analyses of reef corals.
Neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of parkinson’s disease and its dependence on adenosine A2A receptors

Abstract Considerable epidemiological and laboratory data have suggested that caffeine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, may protect against the underlying neurodegeneration of parkinson’s disease (PD). Although both caffeine and more specific antagonists of the A 2A subtype of adenosine receptor (A 2A R) have been found to confer protection in animal models of PD, the dependence of caffeine’s neuroprotective effects on the A 2A R is not known. To definitively determine its A 2A R dependence, the effect of caffeine on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity was compared in wild-type (WT) and A 2A R gene global knockout (A 2A KO) mice, as well as in central nervous system (CNS) cell type-specific (conditional) A 2A R knockout (cKO) mice that lack the receptor either in postnatal forebrain neurons or in astrocytes. In WT and in heterozygous A 2A R KO mice caffeine pretreatment (25 mg/kg ip) significantly attenuated MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine. By contrast in homozygous A 2A R global KO mice caffeine had no effect on MPTP toxicity. In forebrain neuron A 2A R cKO mice, caffeine lost its locomotor stimulant effect, whereas its neuroprotective effect was mostly preserved. In astrocytic A 2A R cKO mice, both caffeine’s locomotor stimulant and protective properties were undiminished. Taken together, these results indicate that neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of PD relies on the A 2A R, although the specific cellular localization of these receptors remains to be determined.
Head Accelerations Experienced during Everyday Activities and While Riding Roller Coasters

Recently much attention has been paid to head accelerations experienced during roller coaster rides and their association with brain injuries (Smith and Meaney, 2002, Braksiek and Roberts, 2002). T...
The Effects of Noncellulosic Compounds on the Nanoscale Interaction Forces Measured between Carbohydrate-Binding Module and Lignocellulosic Biomass.

The lack of fundamental understanding of the types of forces that govern how cellulose-degrading enzymes interact with cellulosic and noncellulosic components of lignocellulosic surfaces limits the design of new strategies for efficient conversion of biomass to bioethanol. In a step to improve our fundamental understanding of such interactions, nanoscale forces acting between a model cellulase—a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I)—and a set of lignocellulosic substrates with controlled composition were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The three model substrates investigated were kraft (KP), sulfite (SP), and organosolv (OPP) pulped substrates. These substrates varied in their surface lignin coverage, lignin type, and xylan and acetone extractives’ content. Our results indicated that the overall adhesion forces of biomass to CBM increased linearly with surface lignin coverage with kraft lignin showing the highest forces among lignin types investigated. When the ove...
The Efficacy of the International Accounting Standards Board at Controlling the Global Accounting Regime

The lack of a formal global accounting system is somewhat troubling especially when one considers the significant impact that companies' financial statements have on credit ratings, investments and public perception. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which is made up of eight major national standard-setters and other groups, is attempting to enact a set of accounting standards to be applied worldwide. The Board's goal is for these standards to result in financial reports that are more transparent and easily comparable (FM, 2002); this would allow users worldwide to make more informed economic decisions.1 As expected, the Board has encountered some resistance not the least of which stems from its lack of authority and jurisdiction. In addition, many criticize International Accounting Standard 39 (IASB, 2005a) for its recommended treatment of derivatives. The Board is looking into several enforcement options; in the end, nonconforming companies will have to accept the proposed standards or face criticism and loss of investor support. If the Board continues to receive worldwide support, it should continue to grow in strength and efficacy.
Realizing peace: a constructive conflict approach

In his new book, Realizing peace: a constructive conflict approach, Dr. Louis Kriesberg has crafted an epic account of the machinations of war and the practices of peacemaking utilized for US forei...
Validity of the Asthma Control Test Questionnaire Among Smoking Asthmatics

Background Smoking asthmatics respond worse to existing asthma therapies and have more asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Objective We evaluated the Asthma Control Test (ACT) for assessing asthma control among smokers. Methods Adults with asthma who smoked were enrolled and followed for 6 weeks. The statistical properties, validity, and responsiveness of the ACT were evaluated. Physician global assessment (GS) of asthma was the "gold standard." Results A total of 151 participants were enrolled: 52% female and 48% male. The median (interquartile ranges) was 35 (27, 43) years for age, 11 (7, 18) for pack-years, and 16 (13, 20) for the ACT score. Participants self-identified as African American (49%), non-Hispanic whites (38%), and Hispanic whites (11%). Participants were classified as well controlled (24%), not well controlled (42%), or very poorly controlled (34%) at enrollment. Cronbach's alpha (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the ACT at enrollment was 0.81 (0.76, 0.85). The intraclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) for agreement of scores at enrollment and 6 weeks was 0.68 (0.57, 0.78) in participant with stable asthma (n = 93). ACT scores were associated with GS ( P Conclusions The ACT questionnaire was reliable and discriminated between levels of asthma control in smoking asthmatics with similar sensitivity and specificity as nonsmoking asthmatics, which confirms its value as a tool for the management of asthma in this prevalent but understudied subgroup of subjects.
Alterations in Kidney Location with Changes in Patient Position: Implications for Percutaneous Renal Procedures

Accurate localization of the renal collecting system is important for the safe and efficient performance of percutaneous nephrostomy. That renal location changes with different body positions is commonly accepted1–3 but has not been systematically studied. We employed computed tomography to demonstrate the extent and unpredictability of in vivo renal mobility. Our results demonstrate the importance of localizing the collecting system and of continuous needle guidance during puncture.
Automatically Identifying Computationally Relevant Typological Features

In this paper we explore the potential for identifying computationally relevant typological features from a multilingual corpus of language data built from readily available language data collected off the Web. Our work builds on previous structural projection work, where we extend the work of projection to building individual CFGs for approximately 100 languages. We then use the CFGs to discover the values of typological parameters such as word order, the presence or absence of definite and indefinite determiners, etc. Our methods have the potential of being extended to many more languages and parameters, and can have significant effects on current research focused on tool and resource development for low-density languages and grammar induction from raw corpora.
Animal Models in Developmental Psychobiology

The topic of this workshop has more than a passing interest to me since I am personally responsible for one fairly common animal model—separation of the monkey infant from its mother, but not from its home or other social companions. I think it might serve the purpose of this symposium if I were to discuss some questions about the use of that model.
Adenomegalias «intermitentes»: um caso clínico em medicina geral e familiar

Introduction: Adenomegaly is a frequent finding during physical examination, and it is important for the general practitioner to identify those that may be suspicious, and make a timely referral. This case shows an unpredictable manifestation of adenomegalies of suspicious characteristics, which appear and regress spontaneously over the years. With this case report we wish to draw attention to the need to always value suspicious adenomegalies, and also to elucidate on the diagnostic approach to these manifestations. Case study: 69-year-old woman, with a history of lymph node tuberculosis in 2008, treated with tuberculostatic drugs for nine months. In 2014, following the identification of new cervical and supraclavicular adenomegalies of suspicious characteristics on the right, a new clinical investigation was performed, but the results were inconclusive given the spontaneous remission of the condition. Two years later, the patient returns showing supraclavicular adenomegalies on the left, which were further investigated by fine-needle aspiration cytology, showing the presence of neoplastic cells. The patient was referred to general surgery for excisional biopsy of the lymph node, which established the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s follicular lymphoma. Chemo-therapy was therefore initiated at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), with good tolerance and response. Comment: Follicular lymphoma is an indolent condition and may present as adenomegalies that appear and regress spontaneously during the course of several years, an unpredictable characteristic that hinders the diagnosis. However, the continuity of care characteristic of general practice facilitates the detection of the recurrence of the disease, and allows it timely referral.
On Reconstruction and Other Matters

This chapter is a collection of three different topics, which have little in common except the fact that they should best appear here, both because this suits the logic of the presentation, and because if inserted into one of the other chapters, they would constitute very lengthy digressions.
Knowledge Creation Through the Internal Information Market: An Integration of Total Quality Management

Total quality management and other activities of well-managed firms are considered critical components of a larger management metasystem, the goal of which is the creation of more competitive firms. Such activities can be viewed as means for obtaining i..
Unsaturated fatty acids suppress anti-tumor T cell function.

Remarkable progress in cancer immunotherapy has revealed the power of harnessing immunity to combat cancer. Anti-tumor T cells suppress tumor development by secreting cytotoxic cytokines and activating other immune cells. However, the tumoricidal function of tumor-infiltrating T cells is often suppressed and inefficient to combat tumors. Thus one of the key questions in the field of cancer immunology is to address what causes the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. Using a melanoma mouse model, we found that 1) fatty acids accumulated in the tumor microenvironment, 2) unsaturated fatty acids suppressed T cell effector function through CD36/PPAR pathway and 3) blocking FAs transportation into T cells enhanced T cell cytotoxicity and delayed tumor growth. This study has identified unsaturated fatty acid species as immunosuppressive factors in tumor, which may lead to the development of novel forms of therapy that stimulates anti-tumor immunity by manipulating fatty acid transportation and metabolism.
Innocent Heart Murmur

Heart murmur is the most common reason for a referral to a pediatric cardiologist. Virtually all children have a heart murmur during their childhood. Less than 1% of murmurs are pathological in children. Innocent/functional heart murmur is the most common type of heart murmur. There are multiple theories proposed to identify etiology of innocent heart murmur with varying consensus, but everybody agrees that innocent heart murmur does not carry any morbidity or mortality risk. Even today, heart murmur is associated with high physician uncertainty and parental anxiety. Extensive cardiac evaluation for such a benign finding is also associated with high health care utilization and cost. This article attempts to review this long-known finding which continues to remain a diagnostic challenge.
The Grammatical Status of However

Popular grammar books have long admonished their readers for using conjunctive adverbs as coordinators, and nowhere more than in the case of however. The very force of this prescription suggests th...
Impossibility and gradualism in labor markets: Reflections on the ethics of a living wage:

Ethicists and economists often raise two objections to the idea of a living wage. The “impossibility objection” claims that raising minimum wages will lead to unemployment. The “gradualism objectio...
Toward a Twitch Research Toolkit: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Research on Game Streaming

The rise of game streaming services has driven a complementary increase in research on such platforms. As this new area takes shape, there is a need to understand the approaches being used in the space, and how common practices can be shared and replicated between researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds. In this paper, we describe a formal literature review of game streaming research. Papers were coded for their research focus, primary method, and type of data collected. Across the prior work we found three common themes: (1) work that is readily supported by existing technical infrastructure, (2) work that does not require explicit technical support, (3) and work that would benefit from further technical development. By identifying these needs in the literature, we take the first step toward developing a research toolkit for game streaming platforms that can unify the breadth of methods being applied in the space.
Validation of the Anger Expression Scale for Children With Fourth and Fifth Graders: Implications for Identifying Students at Risk for Behavior Problems.

An inability to successfully regulate anger has been linked to adverse outcomes for students, including psychological problems and special education placement due to significant emotional and behav...
Surgical resection of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma: balancing tumor biology with the host liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In early stage HCC, current practice guidelines recommend surgical resection with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates approaching 60%. Due to heterogeneity of the patient population and underutilization of HCC screening, in the past only 10-37% of patients were eligible for surgical resection at the time of initial HCC diagnosis. With recent implementation of HCC screening programs resulting in earlier diagnosis, the number of patients that might be candidates for curative surgical resection has increased. Factors determining outcome following HCC diagnosis are complex and heterogenous in nature and treatment decisions should be based on both tumor- and patient-related factors. Tumor characteristics including tumor size, macrovascular invasion (MVI), and multifocality must be balanced against measures of liver dysfunction including portal hypertension, liver function, and future liver remnant (FLR) to assess the applicability of hepatic resection in patients newly diagnosed with HCC. The aim of this article is to review the indications for curative HCC surgical resection as it pertains to underlying tumor- and patient-related factors. We also discuss adjunctive therapies that may allow for an increased role for hepatic resection in HCC patients with early stage disease who are ineligible for upfront resection due to small liver remnant size.
Functional changes in beta cells during ageing and senescence

Insulin secretion from beta cells is crucial for maintaining euglycaemia and preventing type 2 diabetes, a disease correlated with ageing. Therefore, understanding the functional changes that beta cell function undergoes with age can reveal new therapeutic targets and strategies to delay or revert the disease. Herein, a systematic review of the literature agrees that, as humans age, their beta cell function declines, independently of peripheral insulin resistance, BMI and waist circumference. Rodent studies reveal that, with age, basal insulin secretion increases with either no change or an increase in stimulated insulin secretion, but the biological significance of this is unclear. The accumulation of senescent beta cells could explain some of these functional changes: transcriptional analysis of senescent and aged beta cells revealed parallel downregulation of several steps along the pathway linking glucose stimulation and insulin secretion. Moreover, specific deletion of senescent cells (senolysis) improved residual beta cell function, gene expression profile and blood glucose levels. In conclusion, cellular senescence could underlie the functional decline of beta cells during ageing and could represent a novel and promising approach for recovering insulin secretion.
Serious Diagnoses for Headaches After ED Discharge.

BACKGROUND: Headache is a common complaint among children presenting to the emergency department (ED) and can be due to serious neurologic and nonneurologic diagnoses (SNNDs). We sought to characterize the children discharged from the ED with headache found to have SNNDs at revisits. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from 45 pediatric hospitals from October 1, 2015, to March 31, 2019. We included pediatric patients (≤18 years) discharged from the ED with a principal diagnosis of headache, excluding patients with concurrent or previous SNNDs or neurosurgeries. We identified rates and types of SNNDs diagnosed within 30 days of initial visit and compared these rates with those of control groups defined as patients with discharge diagnoses of cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, and soft tissue complaints. RESULTS: Of 121 621 included patients (57% female, median age 12.4 years, interquartile range: 8.8–15.4), 608 (0.5%, 95% confidence interval: 0.5%–0.5%) were diagnosed with SNNDs within 30 days. Most were diagnosed at the first revisit (80.8%); 37.5% were diagnosed within 7 days. The most common SNNDs were benign intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema and compression, and seizures. A greater proportion of patients with SNNDs underwent neuroimaging, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid testing compared with those without SNNDs (P CONCLUSIONS: A total 0.5% of pediatric patients discharged from the ED with headache were diagnosed with an SNND within 30 days. Further efforts to identify at-risk patients remain a challenge.
Fourier Optics Modeling of Display Sparkle from AntiGlare Cover Glass: Comparison to Experimental Data

Display sparkle is described by the spatial variation in pixel brightness from displays with anti-glare cover glass. Here we describe an efficient Fourier optics-based technique for calculating sparkle and compare it to experimental results.
Complex Bladder Reconstruction

Laparoscopic complex bladder reconstruction procedures have been deemed too difficult to perform even in the hands of proficient laparoscopic surgeons. Yet, the introduction of the Robot has open the door for many cases, once felt too complex to be done laparoscopically to become feasible. This has certainly been true when it comes to complex bladder reconstruction in the pediatric population. In this chapter, we will discuss the technique as well as the current literature and outcome results on the subject.
Really Good Schools: Global Lessons for High-Caliber, Low-Cost Education: by James N. Tooley, Oakland, CA, Independent Institute, 2020, 432pp., $29.95 (hardcover), ISBN-13: 978-1-59813-338-7

James Tooley, rightly famous in school choice circles for his discovery and celebration of private schools serving the poor in Africa, India, and China, argues in his new book that the logic of his...
Synthesis, structure, and theoretical studies of a calcium complex of a unique dianion derived from 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one.

The title compound, catena-poly[[tetra­kis­(1-methyl­pyrrolidin-2-one-κO)calcium(II)]-μ-(E)-1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-dioxo-1,1′,2,2′-tetra­hydro-[3,3′-bipyrrolyl­idene]-5,5′-bis­(thiol­ato)-κ2O:O′], [Ca(C10H8N2O2S2)(C5H9NO)4]n, 1, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The crystal studied was twinned by non-merohedry via two different twofold operations, about the normals to (001) and (1\overline{1}0), giving four twin domains with refined occupancies of 0.412 (4), 0.366 (4), 0.055 (1), 0.167 (4). The Ca atoms are located on centers of inversion. Each Ca is surrounded by four 1-methyl­pyrrolidin-2-one (NMP) ligands and coordinated through one of the two O atoms to two (E)-1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-dioxo-1,1′,2,2′-tetra­hydro-[3,3′-bipyrrolyl­idene]-5,5′-bis­(thiol­ate), [C10H8N2O2S2]2−, dianions (abbreviation: DMTBT). This dianion thus facilitates the formation of a 1-D polymer, which propagates in the [011] direction. These ribbons are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯S inter­actions. Each Ca atom is in an octa­hedral CaO6 six-coordinate environment with Ca—O bond lengths ranging from 2.308 (6) to 2.341 (6) A, cis bond angles ranging from 88.2 (2) to 91.8 (2)° and the trans angles all 180° due to the Ca atoms being located on centers of inversion. Theoretical calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and the results showed that although the central DMTBT dianion is planar there is likely some resonance across the central bond between both aza­pentyl rings, but this is not sufficient to establish a ring current. The calculated UV–vis spectrum shows a peak at 625 nm, which accounts for the deep blue–purple color of solutions of the complex.
A yield-centric perspective on the growing eBeam role in patterning control

As semiconductor end markets diversified from computers and Internet to mobile and social media, computing demand increased from hundreds of millions to billions of units. With the advent of AI, and big data end markets further diversified to IOT, communications, self-driving cars, power, and sensors, resulting in demand for computing that ski-rocketed to the trillions. To fuel this growth PPACt :Power, Performance, Area-cost and time-to-market needed to accelerate. This acceleration is enabled by new architectures, 3D structures, new materials, new ways to shrink, and advanced packaging. An obstacle limiting this growth was identified as loss of correlation between the new aforementioned semiconductor device structures, and the measurements conventional optical workhorse metrology provided. This was not a one-time calibration event. Optical metrology increased reliance on accuracy check, ground truth and calibration is a result of increasing optical metrology accuracy gaps over time, causing inflating edge placement error budgets, instability in litho to etch bias and non-zero offset over time. A paradigm shift in overlay, CDU, and edge placement error patterning control metrology was sought to accelerate PPACt at needed yield. This talk tells the story of how to introduce a new standard to a needing industry. We start with addressing the need for a new technology enabling a fast non-destructive accurate inline metrology, we then validate its accuracy overtime using two different industry standard reference metrologies. And we conclude with testimonies of chipmakers showcasing the use of the new industry standard of patterning control. To enable high throughput accuracy in overlay, EPE, and NZO metrology a highly efficient BSE see-through ebeam technology was introduced and benchmarked against optical metrology. Showing reduced non zero offset residuals on device, with the capability to accurately gauge litho-to-etch bias. As a good engineering practice STEM and Delayer techniques validated the accuracy of the inline ebeam technology so it could become the new workhorse to assume the role of HVM overlay metrology. We conclude with three chipmakers case studies of how the use of the new workhorse ebeam metrology accelerated cycles of development, reduced reliance on destructive metrology enabling faster process splits in fabrication of three dimensional nanosheet transistors, faster ramp of semiconductor manufacturing and better yield by better on device overlay and NZO at HVM.
A universal gene correction approach for FKRP-associated dystroglycanopathies to enable autologous cell therapy.

Summary Mutations in the fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene result in a broad spectrum of muscular dystrophy (MD) phenotypes, including the severe Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). Here, we develop a gene-editing approach that replaces the entire mutant open reading frame with the wild-type sequence to universally correct all FKRP mutations. We apply this approach to correct FKRP mutations in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from patients displaying broad clinical severity. Our findings show rescue of functional α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation in gene-edited WWS iPS cell-derived myotubes. Transplantation of gene-corrected myogenic progenitors in the FKRPP448L-NSG mouse model gives rise to myofiber and satellite cell engraftment and, importantly, restoration of α-DG functional glycosylation in vivo. These findings suggest the potential feasibility of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in combination with patient-specific iPS cells for the future development of autologous cell transplantation for FKRP-associated MDs.
The Tempo and Mode of Gene Regulatory Programs During Bacterial Infection

Heterogeneity in host-pathogen interaction includes bacterial and host cell diversity, which together can lead to different infection outcomes. We report on macrophage inflammatory dynamics using primary human macrophages infected with Group B Streptococcus. We found a highly inflammatory state which included four conserved transcriptional programs – response to stimulus, activation of immune response, antigen presentation, and T cell activation – induced sequentially and punctuated by a ‘mid-infection transition’ between bacterial sensing and signaling. We validated these modules and their dynamic relationship in an in vivo mouse model of infection. Analysis of stimulation with 6 additional species – Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enterica – reveals conservation of this program with distinct rates of module expression between species. Our work defines the hallmarks of host-pathogen interactions by identifying recurring properties of infection, providing insights into clinical diagnostics and therapeutic timing.
Exploring cultural risk factors for suicide in Asian American, European American, and Hispanic American adolescents

Although existing research suggests there are differences in the expression of suicidal ideations (SI) and behaviors among various ethnic groups, few studies have examined cultural risk factors among racially and ethnically diverse adolescents. This study employed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured suicide assessments of European American (EA), Asian American (AA), and Hispanic American (HA) adolescents to explore the types of cultural risk factors that are reported within school-administered suicide risk assessments. Cultural factors previously noted in the literature and several new factors were found. The results yielded a relationship between suicide risk and protective factors related to the family system. Specifically, family support was found more frequently in EA adolescent suicide assessment records, in contrast to family rejection and the family wanting the SI to be kept quiet from others being found more frequently in AA records. Furthermore, lack of sense of belonging, perceived burdensomeness, and perfectionism were found more frequently in AA and HA records compared to EA records. Since previous research on risk and protective factors have largely been conducted with adult populations, this study highlights the existence of cultural risk and protective factors in a racially diverse sample of adolescents.
The emerging role of off-the-shelf engineered natural killer cells in targeted cancer immunotherapy

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that recognize and clear infected and transformed cells. The importance of NK cells in tumor surveillance underlies the development of NK cell therapy as cancer treatment. The NK-92 cell line has been successfully modified to express high-affinity CD16 receptor for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and/or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can recognize antigens expressed on tumor cells and mediate NK cell activation. Since there is no need for human leukocyte antigen matching or prior exposure to the tumor antigens, NK-92 provides an opportunity for the development of next-generation off-the-shelf cell therapy platforms. CAR-engineered NK-92 cells have demonstrated robust antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, propelling the clinical development of CAR NK-92 cells. Preliminary phase 1 data indicate that CAR NK-92 can be safely administered in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the research and clinical application of this novel cell immunotherapy.
CREEP OF COATED REINFORCING BARS IN CONCRETE

The creep properties of organic coated and uncoated No. 6 deformed steel reinforcing bars, embedded in concrete prisms, were measured for 2 yr with corresponding tensile stresses in the bars at the loaded ends of 15,000 psi (103 MN/m²) and 30,000 psi (206 MN/m²). Twenty-four reinforcing bars were included in the tests, consisting of: 18 bars coated (in duplicates) with nine different epoxy materials; two bars coated with a polyvinyl chloride material; and four uncoated reinforcing bars. Reforcing bars coated with six of the epoxy materials developed slip-time relationships (creep) after 2 yr of testing that were nearly the same as those for the uncoated bars. The remaining epoxy coated bars were judged to have poor creep properties. The excessive slip of the polyvinyl chloride coated bars in the concrete should preclude their substitution for uncoated reinforcing bars in concrete. The relative performance of some coated reinforcing bars in the creep study were different than those obtained in earlier pullout tests.
Energy Methods, Classical Calculus of Variations Approach — Selected Topics and Applications

The points of view of Hamilton, Lagrange, Gauss, Hertz, and Lord Rayleigh emphasized the concept of energy rather than force. The equations of motion of the system are not derived by consideration of equilibrium of forces acting on the system, possibly including the Newtonian and d’Alambert inertia forces. Instead, the primary role is played by energy considerations. As an example of such an approach, a condition of stable equilibrium under static loads is replaced by the condition of a local minimum for the potential energy of a mechanical system. Instead of solving the equations of motion of a vibrating system to find its natural frequencies, it is possible to consider the mean values of potential and kinetic energies, or to minimize an appropriate energy functional.
Outcomes of 25-Gauge Vitrectomy With Relaxing Retinectomy for Retinal Detachment Secondary to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy:

Purpose:The aim of this study is to evaluate visual and anatomic outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomy with relaxing retinectomies for complex retinal detachment (RD) secondary to proliferative vitreoret...
Chapter 19 – Chido/Rodgers blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Chido/Rodgers (CH/RG) blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the CH/RG blood group system are also reviewed. This blood group was named after the first antibody producers, Chido and Rodgers. C4A and C4B are glycoproteins which are adsorbed onto the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. C4A binds preferentially to protein and C4B to carbohydrate. C4A migrates more quickly in electrophoresis than C4B. C4A and C4B are 99% identical in their amino acid sequences. C4B complement component (Ch) and C4A complement component (Rg) antigens are located in the C4d region of C4B or C4A, respectively. C4d is a tryptic fragment of C4. The different antigens are usually identified in plasma by hemagglutination inhibition studies. The function and disease association of the CH/RG blood group system is also discussed. Inherited low levels of C4 may be a predisposing factor for diseases such as insulin-dependent diabetes and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lack of C4B (Ch–) gives increased susceptibility to bacterial meningitis in children.