cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutritive quality of simulated milk mixtures prepared from tropical plant products.

SUMMARY– Using products of tropical plants taro, soybeans and coconut for carbohydrate, protein and fat, mixtures to simulate cow's milk were prepared. These were tested on rats for the quality of protein, the utilization of calcium, the effect of vitamin B, and the composition of blood and liver. Calcium retention was significantly better for the milk than for the mixtures. The quality of the protein was measured by the PER and the NPU. Coconut milk in the diet raised the NPU of the mixtures from 36.5 to 41.2 by raising the nitrogen storage in the body. Vitamin B12 raised the NPU of Poi-II from 40.4 to 50.0 by raising both the nitrogen intake and the nitrogen storage, the latter to a greater degree. The NPU of the mixtures Poi-II ranged from 50.0 to 51.1 and were similar to the NPU of 54.4 for Sobee, were lower than the NPU of 76.6 for Similac and 80.8 for milk. Blood hemoglobin and liver lipid and moisture of rats fed the mixtures Poi-II and milk were similar and within the normal range. It is concluded that the mixture Poi-II is similar to Sobee for protein quality, similar to milk for hemoglobin formation and deposition of lipid and moisture in the liver, and poorer than milk for the retention of calcium.
Hematologic neoplasms with initial manifestations in lower urinary tract

Hematologic tumors with initial clinical manifestations in the lower urinary tract are exceedingly rare. Six such cases are reported. Four of these were lymphomas, 2 involving the urinary bladder, 1 the urethra, and 1 the right ureter. The remaining 2 were an extramedullary plasmacytoma and a granulocytic sarcoma, both located in the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of granulocytic sarcoma of the urinary bladder presenting with urologic symptoms.
Central amygdala PKC-δ + neurons mediate the influence of multiple anorexigenic signals

The amygdala central nucleus (CEA) has been implicated in feeding control, but its role is controversial. The lateral subdivision of CEA (CEl) contains a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, marked by protein kinase C-δ. In this paper the authors provide data suggesting that CEl PKC-δ+ neurons constitute an important node that mediates the influence of multiple anorexigenic signals.
An analog logarithmic number system subtractor for edge detection in logarithmic CMOS image sensors

This paper describes the design of analog circuitry to implement logarithmic number system (LNS) subtraction. Such circuitry, if incorporated in the readout circuitry of a logarithmic CMOS image sensor, would allow for the on-chip calculation of spatial derivatives, while operating directly on logarithmically-scaled pixels. The circuit was implemented for a 1.2μm CMOS process. The maximum relative error at the output of the LNS subtractor for pixel currents that correspond to an illumination range of more than four decades is 4.26%.
Iron Sequestration and Anemia of Inflammation

Anemia of chronic disease, also called anemia of inflammation, is characterized by hypoferremia due to iron sequestration that eventually results in iron-restricted erythropoiesis. During the last decade, the molecular mechanisms of iron sequestration have been found to center on cytokine-stimulated overproduction of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a particularly prominent inducer of hepcidin, but other cytokines are likely to contribute as well. Hepcidin excess causes the endocytosis and proteolysis of the sole known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, trapping iron in macrophages and iron-absorbing enterocytes. The supply of iron to hemoglobin synthesis becomes limiting, eventually resulting in anemia. Depending on the details of the underlying disease, other inflammation-related mechanisms may also contribute to anemia.
Surveillance for quality assessment: IV. Surveillance using a hospital information system.

The first two articles in this series outlined the widespread use of hospital surveillance for infection control programs and the potential use of surveillance for monitoring noninfectious nosocomial events. The third article focused on quality indicators as potential targets for hospital surveillance. Surveillance has been defined as the collection, collation, analysis, and dissemination of data. Several methods have been developed to perform this task in hospitals; the traditional method includes collection of data through extensive chart review, a very time- and labor-intensive process. Computerized methods have been developed for hospital surveillance: several personal computer-based programs in infection control are available, including NOSO 3 (Epi Systematics, Inc., Ft. Myers, Florida) and AICE (ICPA, Inc., Austin, Texas). In addition, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) offer an IDEAS software program to facilitate collection of hospital data for inclusion in the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. These systems offer added efficiencies in the analysis of data, but not in the collection of data. As surveillance in hospitals is expanded from infection control to other areas, more efficient means of data collection will be essential. The development and implementation of comprehensive hospital information systems offer the potential for improving, enlarging, and conducting more efficient hospital-wide surveillance. This article will review the hospital surveillance programs conducted with a hospital information system currently in use at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Summer dryness due to an increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration

To investigate the hydrologic changes of climate in response to an increase of CO2-concentration in the atmosphere, the results from numerical experiments with three climate models are analyzed and compared with each other. All three models consist of an atmospheric general circulation model and a simple mixed layer ocean with a horizontally uniform heat capacity. The first model has a limited computational domain and simple geography with a flat land surface. The second model has a global computational domain with realistic geography. The third model is identical to the second model except that it has a higher computational resolution. In each numerical experiment, the CO2-induced change of climate is evaluated based upon a comparison between the two climates of a model with normal and four times the normal concentration of carbon dioxide in air. It is noted that the zonal mean value of soil moisture in summer reduces significantly in two separate zones of middle and high latitudes in response to the increase of the CO2-concentration in air. This CO2-induced summer dryness results not only from the earlier ending of the snowmelt season, but also from the earlier occurrence of the spring to summer reduction in rainfall rate. The former effect is particularly important in high latitudes, whereas the latter effect becomes important in middle latitudes. Other statistically significant changes include large increases in both soil moisture and runoff rate in high latitudes of a model during most of the annual cycle with the exception of the summer season. The penetration of moisture-rich, warm air into high latitudes is responsible for these increases.
Laser-induced damage of fused silica at 355 and 1064 nm initiated at aluminum contamination particles on the surface

Contamination particles of controlled size and shape were deposited onto 1.14 cm thick fused silica windows by sputtering Al through a mask. The particles were 1 micrometers thick circular dots, 10 to 250 micrometers in diameter. Al shavings were also deposited on the windows to investigate the effects of particle-substrate adhesion. The silica windows were then illuminated repetitively using a 3-ns, 355 nm and an 8.6-ns, 1064 nm laser. The tests were conducted at near normal incidence with particles on the input and output surfaces of the window. During the first shot, a plasma ignited at the metal particle and damage initiated on the fused silica surface. The morphological features of the damage initiated at the metal dots were very reproducible but different for input and output surface contamination. FOr input surface contamination, minor damage occurred where the particle was located; such damage ceased to grow with the removal of contaminant material. More serious damage was initiated on the output surface and grew to catastrophic proportions after few shots. Output surface contaminants were usually ejected on the initial shot, leaving a wave pattern on the surface. No further damage occurred with subsequent shots unless a shot cracked the surface; such behavior was mostly observed at 355 nm and occasionally for large shavings at 1064 nm. The size of the damaged area scaled with the size of the particle. The onset of catastrophic damage on the output surface occurred only when particles exceeded a critical size. The damage behavior of the sputtered dots was found to be qualitatively similar to that of the shavings. The artificial contamination technique accelerated the study by allowing better control of the test conditions.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Decreased Levels of EGF in Plasma of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder estimated to affect 1 in 110 children in the U.S., yet the pathology of this disorder is not fully understood. Abnormal levels of several growth factors have been demonstrated in adults with ASD, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Both of these growth factors serve important roles in neurodevelopment and immune function. In this study, concentrations of EGF and HGF were assessed in the plasma of 49 children with ASD aged 2-4 years old and 31 typically developing controls of a similar age as part of the Autism Phenome Project (APP). Levels of EGF were significantly reduced in the ASD group compared to typically developing controls (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in HGF levels in young children with ASD and typically developing controls. EGF plays an important role in regulating neural growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration, and reduced levels of this molecule may negatively impact neurodevelopment in young children with ASD.
An unusual reaction of terramycin with methyl iodide

Abstract An unusual fragmentation reaction was observed when terramycin is treated with MeI in acetone at room temp. The reaction proceeds with quaternization, loss of trimethylamine, fission of bonds 4a,5 and 12,12a with formation of an aldehydo-lactone derived from rings B, C and D. Additionally some transformations of this lactone are described.
Neutron total and scattering cross sections of some even Mo isotopes and the optical model

Abstract Neutron total cross sections of 92 Mo, 96 Mo, 98 Mo and 100 Mo were measured at intervals of ⪅ 10 keV from 1.6 to 5.5 MeV with resolutions of ≈ 10 keV. Neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections of these isotopes were measured from 1.8 to 4.0 MeV at intervals of 0.2 MeV. Neutron groups corresponding to the excitation of forty states were identified. The experimental results were examined in the context of optical and statistical nuclear models. It was concluded that the real part of the optical potential includes a term proportional to [( N -Z)/ A ] and suggested that the imaginary part of the potential was shell dependent with decreasing magnitude as N = 50 is approached. Comparison of measured and calculated inelastic neutron excitation cross sections suggested a number of J π assignments extending previous knowledge.
Thermal Self-Focusing of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas

An intense electromagnetic wave propagating in a collisional plasma is found to be unstable to a thermal self-focusing instability by a self-consistent solution of the hydrodynamic, heat conductivity, and wave propagation equations. The results are applied to ionospheric modifications and proposed power transmission experiments, and to laser-plasma interactions.
Management of dislocated foldable intraocular lenses.

Background Foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) have replaced rigid IOLs as the standard for cataract surgery. As with their predecessors, some foldable IOLs manifest dislocation. The applicability of techniques developed for dislocated rigid IOLs to dislocated foldable IOLs has not been widely studied. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of management techniques for dislocated foldable IOLs. Design Retrospective, interventional case study. Results Thirty-two eyes underwent repair including repositioning without scleral sutures (17 eyes), repositioning using scleral suture (8), and IOL exchange (7). IOL types included silicone plate IOLs (15 eyes), 3-piece acrylic IOLs (12), and others (5). The visual acuity outcomes and complication rates were similar for all IOL types and surgical techniques. Conclusion With minimal modifications and a few important exceptions, previously reported techniques for management of dislocated IOLs, including repositioning with or without scleral suture fixation, may be applied effectively to many styles of foldable IOLs.
Remarkable Classes of Unital AM-Spaces

Abstract We define and investigate two classes of unital Banach AM-spaces, the elements of which are the sums of continuous functions and discrete functions. Neither class is almost Dedekind σ-complete, although one has the Cantor property. One class has the rather rare property of having a sequentially order continuous norm and we deduce that any C(K) space can be embedded as a sublattice of a C(X) space with a sequentially order continuous norm. Finally we identify the order continuous and sequentially order continuous duals of spaces in these classes, which promise to be a rich source of further examples.
Recent Findings on the Chemical Nature and Biochemical Mechanisms of the Toxic Agent Involved in 3-Methylindole-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Abstract3-Methylindole (3MI) is a ruminal fermentation product of cryptophan that causes acute lung injury in ruminants, horses, and some other animals. Injury to the lung is cellular and species specific. Cytotoxic effects art mediated through mixed function oxidase metabolism of 3MI which causes the formantion of a reactive intermediate that covalently binds to cellular macromolecules. The reactive intermediate can be detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH) to form a 3MI-GSH adduct. This adduct was isolated using HPLC and the structure was determined using W spectrometry, thermospray liquid chromotography/mass spectrometry, and nuclear agnetic resonance spectrometry. The structure of the 3MI-GSH-adduct was shown to be 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-methyi Indole. The most likely structure of the reactive intermediate responsible for acute lung injury is the imine methide of 3MI.
Variability of histologic pattern in recurrent soft tissue sarcomas originally diagnosed as liposarcoma

The histopathologic classification of liposarcoma and its clinicopathologic significance are well delineated in previous studies, but the literature is inexplicably mute on recurrent liposarcomas. Supposition and experience may have led to the assumption that the microscopic features remained static over a period of years and multiple recurrences. Thirteen sarcomas originally classified as liposarcoma were reviewed to assess patterns of histologic change with recurrence. A total of 52 recurrences was studied. In 7 of the 13 cases, multiple morphologic sarcomatous patterns were identified, either as a change with recurrence or as multiple discrete patterns within a tumor. All changes except in one case occurred before irradiation or chemotherapy. The variations included patterns such as malignant fibrous histio-cytoma, hemangiopericytoma, malignant schwannoma, and unclassified spindle-cell sarcoma as well as the various liposarcoma subtypes. This variability of patterns can cause significant diagnostic difficulties and can cause one to question the validity of using monomorphic diagnoses in all cases. In addition, the polymorphic differentiation of these tumors supports the concept that soft tissue sarcomas are derived from a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cell.
Boston type I in pediatric patients

Purpose To present a retrospective review of keratoprosthetic implantation and retention in patients with congenital corneal opacities. Methods Pediatric patients younger than seven years old, the average age of permanent visual loss from understimulation of the visual cortex, were selected from a single center Boston Type I keratoprosthesis database and categorized by 1) primary diagnosis, 2) short-term visual outcome, and 3) post-operative complications. Results Seventeen patients, with an age range of 41 days up to 6 years, were selected from a database of over one hundred and forty patients. Six had a primary diagnosis of sclerocornea and eleven had Peter’s anomaly. Visual outcome after one year improved in fourteen of the patients, with patients who previously could not detect light to subsequently being able to fixate and follow or even read allen cards. The remaining three patients showed no improvement in visual acuity but also no worsening from their baseline condition. In terms of post-operative complications of the optic, two had retroprosthetic membrane formation, and another patient required replacement of the keratoprosthesis due to phthisis and optic melting. From a retinal standpoint, four patients had retinal detachments. There were no cases of choroidal hemorrhaging or hypotony in these patients. Conclusion Based on visual outcome, the Boston Type I keratoprosthesis is a safe and effective procedure for patients with congenital corneal opacities. With great retention, the artificial cornea is a viable option for prevention of amblyopia. Due to comorbidities such as congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma, and retinal detachments, it is crucial to have glaucoma and vitreo-retinal surgeons on hand when managing and implanting keratoprosthesis in a pediatric population.
An algorithm for optimizing network flow capacity under economies of scale

The problem of optimally allocating a fixed budget to the various arcs of a single-source, single-sink network for the purpose of maximizing network flow capacity is considered. The initial vector of arc capacities is given, and the cost function, associated with each arc, for incrementing capacity is concave; therefore, the feasible region is nonconvex. The problem is approached by Benders' decomposition procedure, and a finite algorithm is developed for solving the nonconvex relaxed master problems. A numerical example of optimizing network flow capacity, under economies of scale, is included.
The role of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure in the diagnosis and management of early invasive cervical cancer.

The management of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) has evolved so that excisional techniques are now preferred over ablative procedures. This is in part due to a 1–3% rate of discovering unsuspected early invasive carcinomas that would not have been detected by ablative management of CIN. A review of our initial experience over 20 months with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in treating CIN found seven out of 237 patients (3%) to have otherwise unsuspected invasive lesions. The management of three additional patients with suspected early invasive lesions has been facilitated by LEEP. The procedure has been found to produce excellent pathologic specimens and has virtually replaced traditional operative cervical conization in the management of both CIN and early invasive cervical cancer.
School Change We Can Believe In: Three Modest Proposals for a Second-Term President

We must rapidly begin the shift from a “thing”-oriented society to a “person”-oriented society…. A civilization can flounder as readily in the face of moral and spiritual bankruptcy as it can throu...
Influences on Women's Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiac rehabilitation referral and enrollment rates of men and women eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. A review of 202 hospital charts found that men and women were equally likely to be referred for cardiac rehabilitation, but women were significantly less likely to enroll (p < 0.05). Ten women who did not enroll and 20 women who did enroll were interviewed to determine factors that influenced their participation in the program. Major motives for enrolling included a desire to improve one's health and the strength of the physician's recommendation. Barriers to enrollment included concern for family members, transportation problems, physical limitations, and expense. Surprisingly, all of the women who did not enroll showed an interest when contacted after they were discharged from the hospital. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that cardiac rehabilitation staff telephone women after they are discharged to answer questions, clarify misconceptions, and encourage enrollment in a cardiac rehabilitation program.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Risk of Stroke

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide and is a disabling disease of both older and younger adults. Stroke is also among the most highly preventable disorders because there are well-defined risk factors and preventatives. The establishment of new risk markers or factors for stroke risk assessment provides a new avenue for stroke prevention. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids, releasing lysophosphatidylcholine, which has proinflammatory properties thought to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture. In 2005, the Lp-PLA 2 blood test was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for assessing the risk of ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease. In epidemiologic studies, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid factors have not been shown to be consistent predictors of stroke risk. Lp-PLA 2 measures, on the other hand, have shown a consistent association with stroke risk, conferring about a 2-fold increase in stroke occurrence. This relation has been studied in both first and recurrent stroke and is reviewed in this article. Importantly, a recent study has now shown that Lp-PLA 2 may increase the area under the curve beyond that of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein. Therefore, Lp-PLA 2 determination may provide a pivotal opportunity to appropriately classify previously misclassified persons who are actually at high risk of stroke and in need of aggressive stroke intervention.
Nano-enabled Biological Materials

This talk is an attempt to define a new field called “Nano-enabled Biological Tissues”. As such, this talk serves as a review of both the theoretical underpinnings and relevant recent results.The presentation is divided into several parts:* in the first section (slides 3-4), the concept of nano-enabled tissues are introduced as a complex system that can be engineered at multiple scales.* the second section (slides 5-12) contains three essential ingredients to achieve the technological vision. Current examples of each ingredient are introduced separately.* in the third section (slides 13-17), additional essential ingredients are considered. This includes strategies for system construction (top-down vs. bottom-up), and additional tools for functionality such as computational intelligence.
Criteria for distinguishing biogenic and abiogenic amino acids - Preliminary considerations.

Criteria to determine the mode of origin of amino acids can be established by consideration of their structure, enantiomeric distribution, composition, and relative abundance. A population of dominantly protein amino acids with one enantiomeric configuration most likely had a biological origin. Biological amino acids do racemize, however, so the absence of optical activity would not rule out the possibility that the amino acids in a racemic mixture were originally synthesized biologically. For racemic amino acids, therefore, structure, composition and relative abundance become important in ascertaining the origin of these compounds. Abiotically synthesized amino acids have a population composed of both protein and nonprotein structures present as racemic mixtures. N-alkyl compounds are common and α-β- and γ-amino carboxylic acids are expected. Also most amino acid isomers with four or less carbon atoms should be present in an abiotically derived mixture.
Adolescent Integrity: Race and Ethnic Differences

This study fi nds signifi cant differences between white and nonwhite teens in the extent to which they value integrity. The Integrity Scale (IS) is based on items from the High School Effectiveness Study, the metropolitan supplement to the National Education Longitudinal Study, and includes questions about cheating on tests, disobeying school rules, copying other students' homework, cutting classes, and being late for school. With various statistical controls, white students score lowest and black students highest, with Hispanics and Asians scoring about average. The interpretation for whites' low scores is that they desire to maintain their traditional privileges in increasing pluralistic high schools, and this is consistent with, for example, cheating on tests. The interpretation for blacks' high scores is that they routinely experience the racism of excessive scrutiny, and, therefore, adopt the most transparent behaviors, which is consistent with their placing a high value on integrity and honesty.
Cauda Equina in the Setting of Thoracolumbar Trauma: Is Early Decompression Indicated?

Traumatic injuries to the thoracolumbar spine are common and can be associated with a neurologic deficit. Complete cord level injury and progressive neurologic compromise have established treatment algorithms. The management of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries with incomplete neurologic deficits, such as cauda equina and conus medullaris syndrome, is challenging and often controversial. Published animal models and clinical data, largely retrospective, provide conflicting information as to the necessity of surgical intervention and the timing of such surgical intervention in these patients. There is a clear need for quality prospective human data to conclusively resolve the issue of timing of surgery in patients with traumatic cauda equina and conus medullaris injury.
Government financing decisions and asset returns

Abstract This paper presents an empirical investigation of the relation between government financing decisions and asset returns. In particular, the focus is on whether a substitution of debt financing for tax financing of a given level of expenditures is associated with an increase in interest rates. The paper brings a different perspective to empirical investigations of government fiscal policies by examining the response of asset prices in an efficient capital market to such policies rather than focusing on aggregate consumption behavior. The results are consistent with the idea that asset prices are unrelated to how the government finances its expenditures. The results, however, also indicate that the capital market is not indifferent with respect to the level of government expenditures as higher interest rates are associated with increases in government purchases.
Low temperature diagenetic–metamorphic and magmatic contributions of external CO2 gas to a shallow ground water system

Abstract A small ( 2 ), low temperature ( 2 gas overpressured, gently dipping Paleozoic carbonate aquifer rests on Precambrian granite in a narrow canyon along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountain Front Range, Colorado. The carbonate aquifer is bounded on three sides by granite and in the down dip direction by the Front Range fault. The fault, in a major continental intraplate zone of weakness along which magmatic fluids and gases could migrate to the surface and near surface from great depths. The fault has also overthrusted slices of carbonate and clastic rocks several kilometres below the granitic basement. Stable isotopic ( δ 2 H and δ 18 O) and discharge temperature data suggests that carbonate aquifer ground waters are of meteoric origin and have not circulated to depths greater than the base of the carbonate aquifer (≈650 m). Elevated CO 2 and the δ 13 C of HCO 3 − in the carbonate aquifer suggest an external crustal source of CO 2 gas. 3 He/ 4 He, O 2 /N 2 and Ar/N 2 gas ratios indicate gas contributions from both magmatic and atmospheric sources. Atmosphere contributions account for about 25% of the exsolving gas, whereas magmatic CO 2 accounts for 7 to 14%. Possible external CO 2 sources, which are consistent with the mean HCO 3 − δ 13 C=−2.4‰ (PDB), are clay–carbonate mineral diagenesis or low temperature metamorphism of siliceous–carbonate rocks that have been overthrust by 3 to 6 km of granite. Diagenetic or metamorphic CO 2 , mixed with some magmatic gas, appears to have migrated from the source rock area upward along the Ute Pass thrust fault until it encountered the shallow carbonate aquifer ground water system where it was further diluted with atmospheric gas.
Synergism between photochemical and ionizing radiation effects in MCF-7 cells in vitro

Both PtCl 4 (Rh-123) 2 and PtCl 4 (Nile Blue) 2 interact positively in trimodality therapy including each drug, x-ray, and light (400 - 800 nm) in killing human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in vitro. The combination treatment results in more than additive killing as assessed by product of the surviving fractions and a significant reduction of the shoulder of the x-ray survival curve. Both of the drugs participate in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in drug and light dose dependent manner. The primary subcellular targets for the neutral platinum complexes were indicated to be the nuclear DNA as opposed to the mitochondria for Rh-123 or the lysosomes for Nile Blue. Because the nuclear DNA is also the primary target for ionizing radiation, drug plus light plus x-ray might cause supraadditive killing. Both PtCl 4 (Rh-123) 2 and PtCl 4 (Nile Blue) 2 have been reported to be relatively non-toxic in vivo compared to the anionic or cationic compounds currently being used in photodynamic therapy. Based on these results PtCl 4 (Rh-123) 2 and PtCl 4 (Nile Blue) 2 have the potential for use in photodynamic therapy and in trimodality therapy.
Oxygen consumption and body temperature in relation to ambient temperature in the white-crowned sparrow

Abstract 1. 1. O2 consumption in Zonotrichia leucophys gambelii is a linear function of air temperature ta between 0°C and ca. 23°C (cm3O2/g × hr = 5·27 −0·0125t). 2. 2. Standard metabolic rate within the thermoneutral zone (ca. 23−37°C) is 2·43 cm3 O2/g × hr (mean body weight = 28·6 g). 3. 3. Rectal temperature (tb) is stable at ca. 42°C between ta 10 and 30°C. 4. 4. At ta greater than 32–33°C, tb increases, reaching 44·5°C at ta = 40°C. 5. 5. The data are discussed in relation to a widely used model homeotherm based on Newton's law of cooling. It is suggested that this model is occasionally misused.
Glucose transport and metabolism in Gymnodinium breve

Abstract Florida's red tide organism, Gymnodinium breve , utilized exogenous glucose in the light for the synthesis of cellular components. Glucose was not taken up in the dark. Kinetic parameters for glucose uptake include a K FD of 11 μM and a V max of 1 × 10 −10 mol of glucose taken up/mg cellular protein/hr. Glucose uptake was competitively inhibited by phloridzin ( K i = 40 μM), mannose ( K i = 12O μM), and 2-deoxy- d -glucose ( K i = 190 μM) and non-competitively inhibited by galactose ( K i = 125 μM). Kinetics and inhibition of glucose uptake are consistent with a facilitated diffusion transport system.
The effect of high magnetic fields on degenerate band excitons in InSb

Abstract A variational technique is used to calculated the binding energy of degenerate band excitons in InSb as a function of magnetic field. the nonparabolicity of the conduction bands is taken into account and standard perturbation theory is used for deviation of the valence bands from the spherical. A comparison of the theoretical results and available experimental results is made.
Effects of chlordecone on isolated rat liver mitochondria

Abstract Effects of chlordecone on the membrane integrity and respiratory behavior of isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM) were studied. Treatment of RLM with chlordecone over a concentration range of 20 to 100 μ m produced membrane disruptions as evidenced by rapid, nonenergy-dependent swelling. permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to exogenously supplied NADH, and loss of protein. Over the range of concentrations tested, chlordecone stimulated state 4 respiration, inhibited state 3 respiration, and circumvented oligomycin-inhibited state 3 respiration during the oxidation of glutamate and succinate.
A Fable of PCA

Dr. First studied the Big Forest. Some 100 sites were chosen through skilled use of random number tables. A trained crew of five graduate students visited each site, recording (a) native tree biomass, (b) exotic tree biomass, (c) native shrub biomass, (d) exotic shrub biomass, and (e) total Forbes biomass (all Forbes being native). The skill of the design paid off when the correlation matrix shown in Table 1 appeared. In the published account, Dr. First described the Big Forest with powerful simplicity (see Table 2). I quote:
Studies on West Nile Virus Infection by means of Fluorescent Antibodies. I. Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection in Experimentally Inoculated Suckling Mice.

By means of infectivity titration of tissues and fluorescein-labeled antibody staining, the pathogenesis of West Nile virus in suckling mice was studied. When mice were inoculated intracerebrally, antigens were first detected in the central nervous system and in mesenchymal tissue. When mice were inoculated intraperitoneally, antigens were first detected in mesenchymal tissue and the plexus of Auerbach in the digestive tract. Additional antigens were soon found in the entire nervous system, the blood vessels, the smooth and skeletal muscle and other connective tissues. Involvement of the major organs and lymph nodes was minimal until the last 2 days of infection. The rise of tissue infectivity titers generally paralleled the observed spread of viral antigens. Nervous tissue and mesenchymal tissue appeared to show equal susceptibility to primary viral invasion and growth. The possibility that the blood vessel wall is one of the primary sites of multiplication for WN virus is suggested.
TH‐D‐303A‐04: Gated Breathing Synchronizer (GBS) for Respiratory Motion Management in Radiotherapy

Purpose: Respiratory motion during radiotherapy can be managed by either respiratory gating (e.g. RPM by Varian) or some form of breath hold (e.g. ABC by Elekta). In respiratory gating the duty cycle is limited when a narrow window is used to reduce residual motion. For longer treatment fields, IMRT or IMAT, the breath‐hold method may take many breath holds to complete a field and each breath hold induces extra stress on the patient. We are developing a hybrid method of respiratory motion management with a relatively high duty cycle and at the same time the patient can potentially tolerate an un‐limited number of breathing cycles repeatedly with little motion during treatment delivery. Method and Materials: The Gated Breathing Synchronizer (GBS) coaches the patient to breathe with a period of breath hold in every breathing cycle. It monitors the patient with sensors such as mass‐flow sensor and respiratory belts. It can close a valve to induce breath hold which can be overridden by the patient for safety. It can also send a beam‐hold signal to synchronize the linac with the breathing pattern of the patient. We have implemented a mode of GBS to enter breath hold at end‐exhalation (EE mode). The algorithm increases the breath hold duration starting from 3 seconds per cycle until the respiration rate (RR) is reduced to a target value. It then maintains the RR at that value. Results: We have tested the EE mode of GBS on a group of healthy volunteers. Detail results on the duty cycle, RR, and the duration that the subjects can maintain the target RR will be presented. Conclusion: We have implemented the EE mode of GBS and it is well tolerated by healthy volunteers. Supported in part by NIH P01‐CA59827.
A Folk Guide to Geography as a Holistic Science

Abstract This article defines geography as a holistic science that seeks to explain variations in the human-environment relationship over the earth's surface. By critically evaluating the ontological, epistemological, and methodological commitments of geography, an attempt is made to bridge the gap between the specialized, professional discussion of geography and practical pedagogical needs. The central argument is threefold. First, by combining natural and social science, the geographical perspective is crucial as a means to explain, and to help solve, real world problems. Second, such a multidimensional science demands a holistic approach. Finally, if this message is to be heard, geographers will need to put more effort into translating their professional discourse into that of nongeographers. The key is to change the prevailing “folk model” of geography held by nongeographers as a means to render the geographic project more intellectually coherent and institutionally legitimate.
The role of lymph node dissection in renal cell carcinoma

Due to the relatively heterogeneous metastatic spread of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through both hematogenous and lymphatogenous routes, the surgical extirpation of regional lymph nodes in the treatment of RCC has long been a controversial topic. Individual risk is dependent on multiple variables including tumor stage, grade, and histologic sub-type, in addition to many others. Controversy exists over whether lymph node dissection (LND) simply provides improved staging or whether removal of pathologic nodes offers a therapeutic advantage. Herein, we evaluate the available data regarding the use of LND in the treatment of RCC. While we believe that LND may provide an opportunity for cure in a select group of patients, there are many variables to consider when determining its applicability to an individual patient.
Within-session changes in responding during delayed matching-to-sample and discrimination procedures

Two experiments examined within-session changes in responding during discrimination procedures. In Experiment 1, rate of responding changed significantly within sessions during symbolic delayed matching-to-sample tasks when the delay between the stimulus and the choice period was short (1–5 sec), but not when it was long (8–12 sec). The percentage of responses that were correct did not change within sessions. In Experiment 2, response rates increased and then decreased within sessions during both S1 and S2 when successive discrimination procedures provided high, but not low, rates of reinforcement. Discrimination ratios sometimes increased within sessions. These results question two potential definitions of attention as explanations for within-session changes in response rates. They are more compatible with explanations based on concepts such as arousal, satiation, habituation, and interfering responses.
A streamtube model for bottom boundary currents in the ocean

A streamtube model is used to describe the variation of average cross-sectional properties of a steady, well-mixed deep boundary current in a rotating, stratified ocean. Empirical laws are used to parametrize turbulent entrainment and bottom friction. Entrainment and friction coefficients (E0, K) are evaluated from data from the Norwegian Overflow through the Denmark Strait and the Mediterranean Outflow.
Zero-Load Stability of Rotating Externally Pressurized Gas-Lubricated Journal Bearings

A small eccentricity analysis was performed for a bearing having two feeding planes, each of which is assumed to be a line source. Numerical results were obtained for a range of bearing number, pressure ratio, feeding parameter, and orifice recess volume by means of a digital computer. Steady-state load and attitude angle were obtained, as well as stability data. Stability decreased markedly with increasing recess volume; moreover, for large recess volume and low bearing number, an increase in pressure ratio decreased stability. There was no correlation between stability and steady-state attitude angle for any of the cases studied. Fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data.
Dynamics of a heavy particle in a Luttinger liquid.

We study the dynamics of a heavy particle of mass M moving in a one-dimensional repulsively interacting Fermi gas. The Fermi gas is described using the Luttinger model and bosonization. By transforming to a frame comoving with the heavy particle, we map the model onto a generalized ``quantum impurity problem.'' A renormalization-group calculation reveals a crossover from strong to weak coupling upon scaling down in temperature. Above the crossover temperature scale ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$=(m/M)${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$, the particle's mobility \ensuremath{\mu} is found to be (roughly) temperature independent and proportional to the dimensionless conductance g, characterizing the one-dimensional Luttinger liquid. Here m(\ensuremath{\ll}M) is the fermion mass, and ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ the Fermi energy. Below ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, in the weak-coupling regime, the mobility grows and diverges as \ensuremath{\mu}(T)\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ in the T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 limit. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
SnRK1 Phosphorylation of AL2 Delays Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus Infection in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT Geminivirus AL2/C2 proteins play key roles in establishing infection and causing disease in their plant hosts. They are involved in viral gene expression, counter host defenses by suppressing transcriptional gene silencing, and interfere with the host signaling involved in pathogen resistance. We report here that begomovirus and curtovirus AL2/C2 proteins interact strongly with host geminivirus Rep-interacting kinases (GRIKs), which are upstream activating kinases of the protein kinase SnRK1, a global regulator of energy and nutrient levels in plants. We used an in vitro kinase system to show that GRIK-activated SnRK1 phosphorylates recombinant AL2/C2 proteins from several begomoviruses and to map the SnRK1 phosphorylation site to serine-109 in the AL2 proteins of two New World begomoviruses: Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus (CaLCuV) and Tomato mottle virus. A CaLCuV AL2 S109D phosphomimic mutation did not alter viral DNA levels in protoplast replication assays. In contrast, the phosphomimic mutant was delayed for symptom development and viral DNA accumulation during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that SnRK1 contributes to host defenses against CaLCuV. Our observation that serine-109 is not conserved in all AL2/C2 proteins that are SnRK1 substrates in vitro suggested that phosphorylation of viral proteins by plant kinases contributes to the evolution of geminivirus-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Geminiviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that cause serious diseases in many crops. Dicot-infecting geminiviruses carry genes that encode multifunctional AL2/C2 proteins that are essential for infection. However, it is not clear how AL2/C2 proteins are regulated. Here, we show that the host protein kinase SnRK1, a central regulator of energy balance and nutrient metabolism in plants, phosphorylates serine-109 in AL2 proteins of three subgroups of New World begomoviruses, resulting in a delay in viral DNA accumulation and symptom appearance. Our results support SnRK19s antiviral role and reveal a novel mechanism underlying this function. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that AL2 S109 evolved as begomoviruses migrated from the Old World to the New World and may have provided a selective advantage as begomoviruses adapted to a different environment and different plant hosts. This study provides new insights into the interaction of viral pathogens with their plant hosts at the level of viral protein modification by the host.
Robotic acquisition programs: technical and performance challenges

The Unmanned Ground Vehicles/ Systems Joint Project Office (UGV/S JPO) is developing and fielding a variety of tactical robotic systems for the Army and Marine Corps. The Standardized Robotic System (SRS) provides a family of common components that can be installed in existing military vehicles, to allow unmanned operation of the vehicle and its payloads. The Robotic Combat Support System (RCSS) will be a medium sized unmanned system with interchangeable attachments, allowing a remote operator to perform a variety of engineering tasks. The Gladiator Program is a USMC initiative for a small to medium sized, highly mobile UGV to conduct scout/ surveillance missions and to carry various lethal and non-lethal payloads. Acquisition plans for these programs require preplanned evolutionary block upgrades to add operational capability, as new technology becomes available. This paper discusses technical and performance issues that must be resolved and the enabling technologies needed for near term block upgrades of these first generation robotic systems. Additionally, two Joint Robotics Program (JRP) initiatives, Robotic Acquisition through Virtual Environments and Networked Simulations (RAVENS) and Joint Architecture for Unmanned Ground Systems (JAUGS), will be discussed. RAVENS and JAUGS will be used to efficiently evaluate and integrate new technologies to be incorporated in system upgrades.
Reflected shock tube studies of high-temperature rate constants for OH + NO2 --> HO2 + NO and OH + HO2 --> H2O + O2

The motivation for the present study comes from the preceding paper where it is suggested that accepted rate constants for OH + NO2 → NO + HO2 are high by ∼2. This conclusion was based on a reevaluation of heats of formation for HO2, OH, NO, and NO2 using the Active Thermochemical Table (ATcT) approach. The present experiments were performed in C2H5I/NO2 mixtures, using the reflected shock tube technique and OH-radical electronic absorption detection (at 308 nm) and using a multipass optical system. Time-dependent profile decays were fitted with a 23-step mechanism, but only OH + NO2, OH + HO2, both HO2 and NO2 dissociations, and the atom molecule reactions, O + NO2 and O + C2H4, contributed to the decay profile. Since all of the reactions except the first two are known with good accuracy, the profiles were fitted by varying only OH + NO2 and OH + HO2. The new ATcT approach was used to evaluate equilibrium constants so that back reactions were accurately taken into account. The combined rate constant from...