cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time Scales of Forebody Vortex Response

When the vortex system of a pointed forebody at high angle of attack is perturbed, the response involves phenomena with various time scales. Basic knowledge of these is sought to help generalize a roll-yaw control system. The forebody vortex system is controlled using lateral displacement of a nosetip stagnation point actuator (SPA) both statically and dynamically. In previous work, piecewise linear transfer functions were shown to represent the dynamic response of the vortex asymmetry, as well as the lateral pressure differences and the rolling moment. Wing rock oscillations were induced and suppressed using the SPA. In the current work, the time scales in the problem are studied. The stagnation point is moved in square wave excitation at 0.1 to 3.5 Hz for freestream speeds from 6.7 to 25 m/s, and sting angles of 35 to 45 deg. Surface pressure difference across the forebody, asymmetry of the vortex patterns, and wing rolling moment are correlated with hot-film anemometer signals to gauge propagation lag and relaxation time. The vortex pattern asymmetry propagates at convection speed. The velocity field near the surface starts responding with a lag one order of magnitude larger than convection time. A relaxation and oscillatory response appear in the hot-film signal over the wings, similar to those seen in the rolling moment response: this time scale is two orders of magnitude longer than convection. A two-timescale system simulates the roll response. In addition, a very long-scale switching of the vortex system is observed, attributable to viscous processes. On a wingless body, the time lags are shorter by a factor of 2 to 4, but the amplitude of asymmetry is greatly increased, so that isolated forebody tests are likely to overestimate the yawing moment and its speed of response. NOMENCLATURE
Recombinant Expression and Phenotypic Screening of a Bioactive Cyclotide Against α‐Synuclein‐Induced Cytotoxicity in Baker′s Yeast

We report for the first time the recombinant expression of fully folded bioactive cyclotides inside live yeast cells by using intracellular protein trans-splicing in combination with a highly efficient split-intein. This approach was successfully used to produce the naturally occurring cyclotide MCoTI-I and the engineered bioactive cyclotide MCoCP4. Cyclotide MCoCP4 was shown to reduce the toxicity of human α-synuclein in live yeast cells. Cyclotide MCoCP4 was selected by phenotypic screening from cells transformed with a mixture of plasmids encoding MCoCP4 and inactive cyclotide MCoTI-I in a ratio of 1:5×10(4). This demonstrates the potential for using yeast to perform phenotypic screening of genetically encoded cyclotide-based libraries in eukaryotic cells.
An unusual case of abdominal distension with constipation

A previously healthy 3-year-old boy was referred by his general practitioner to the paediatric outpatient clinic because of a 6-month history of moderate to severe constipation. It was associated with mild central abdominal pain and slight weight loss. He had been treated with Movicol, with minimal effect. There …
Intestinal epithelial cell behavior on collagen substrates with biomimetic micro-topography

Modification of biomaterial scaffolds used in tissue engineering has traditionally focused more on chemical and mechanical properties than on topography. Microfabrication was used to produce topographic analogs of intestinal basal lamina crypts. A test pattern of micro-wells with dimensions (50–400 µm in diameter, 100 µm in depth) similar to those of native crypt structures was produced in a type I collagen membrane. Caco-2 cells attached and spread faster and to a greater extent on flat surfaces than on those with micro-well structures. It was found that Caco-2 cells were able to span across well structure with small diameters (i.e. 50 and 100 µm). Cells cultured on microwell surfaces had higher mitochondrial activity initially (3 days in culture), and then decreased to a level lower than that of cells seeded on flat surfaces after 7 days. Micro-well topography also affected differentiation; cells on patterned substrates had lower alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminopetidase activities than cells on flat surfaces. In general, the presence of crypt-like topography delayed cell spreading, migration, and differentiation. This study will aid in understanding the unique role intestinal topography plays in cell development and provide design parameters for a scaffold for tissue engineered intestine to treat intestinal disease.
Gunshot wound to the clivus

A 14 year old boy presents with a gunshot wound into the roof of his mouth to lodge into the clivus, and miraciously he is neurologically intact. Keywords: gunshot wound, clivus, traumatic brain injury. Language: en
From Mindfulness to Meaning: Implications for the Theory of Posttraumatic Growth

In their target article, Garland, Farb, Goldin, and Fredrickson (this issue) compile literature from various fields to present a compelling model detailing the mechanisms by which mindfulness may f...
Table of Contents & Editorial

Can just any Yoga teacher work in a hospital, prison, recovery center, or psychiatric facility? Can a Yoga teacher without a healthcare license or specialized training be trusted to work with someone who is depressed, in treatment for cancer, or living with chronic pain?Many people within the Yoga therapy community, not to mention outside the profession, think the answer to these questions is no. Not just any Yoga teacher is qualified to offer Yoga to people who are suffering in very specific ways.
Simulation of proppant transport with gravitational settling and fracture closure in a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator

Abstract We implement proppant transport in a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator, including proppant settlement due to gravity, tip screen-out, and fracture closure. Constitutive equations are used that account for processes that can cause the flowing fraction of proppant to be different from the volumetric fraction of proppant. The constitutive equations capture the transition from Poiseuille flow to Darcy flow as the slurry transitions from dilute mixture to packed bed. We introduce new constitutive equations that allow the simulator to seamlessly describe the process of fracture closure, including a nonlinear joint closure law expressing fracture compliance and roughness and accounting for the effect of proppant accumulation into a packed layer between the fracture walls. We perform sensitivity analysis simulations to investigate the effect of fluid viscosity, proppant density, proppant size, and formation permeability. The simulations confirm that tip screen-out can limit fracture length, cause proppant banking, and increase injection pressure. Sensitivity analysis indicates that reasonably accurate results can be achieved without excessive mesh refinement. We also perform a simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation through a complex natural fracture network. In this simulation, proppant tends to accumulate at the intersections between natural and hydraulic fractures. Overall, the results suggest that in very low permeability formations, proppant settling is a major problem for proppant placement because proppant tends to gravitationally settle before fracture closure can occur. Because leakoff is so slow, proppant immobilization through bridging is critical for vertical proppant placement. Bridging can occur at aperture approximately three times greater than particle diameter, which will occur much sooner after shut-in than full mechanical closure. Even though larger diameter proppant settles more rapidly, it may lead to better proppant placement because it will bridge sooner, at a larger fracture aperture. These results also suggest that it is critical to optimize injection schedule in order to avoid tip screen-out, which leads to a shorter, wider fracture in which bridging is less likely to occur. Our modeling approach can be used practically for optimization of proppant placement through selection of fluid properties, proppant properties, and injection schedule.
Development of invariant natural killer T cells

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells develop into functionally distinct subsets. Each subset expresses a unique combination of transcription factors that regulate cytokine gene transcription upon activation. The tissue distribution and localization within tissues also varies between subsets. Importantly, the relative abundance of the various subsets is directly responsible for altering several immunological parameters, which subsequently affect the immune response. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of iNKT cell subset development.
Divergent roles of STAT1 and STAT5 in malignancy as revealed by gene disruptions in mice

Stat proteins are latent transcription factors activated by tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of cytokine and growth factor receptors and have been implicated in a variety of cell growth regulatory pathways. Constitutive phosphorylation has also been observed in various transformed cell line and in primary malignant tissue, suggesting that Stat protein activation may contribute to the transformed phenotype. One method to distinguish between a causative role in malignancy as opposed to bystander phosphorylation from the increased tyrosine phosphorylation that accompanies transformation is to investigate cell growth and malignancy in the absence of particular Stat proteins using targeted gene disruptions in transgenic mice. Such studies show that Stat1 primarily mediates growth inhibitory signals and contributes to the host rejection of tumors, and that its activation in transformed cells is not necessary for malignancy. Activation of Stat5 can be both necessary and sufficient for malignant transformation, and single Stat5-target genes have been identified that are critical for heightened proliferation. Nonetheless, some malignancies that are characterized by constitutively phosphorylated Stat5 are not altered by the loss of Stat5 protein. Its role in these cases may be redundant with other transforming events that are in themselves sufficient to cause disease, rendering tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 unnecessary in these transformed cells.
NTSB Investigation of an Icing-Related Aerodynamic Stall Incident and Pilot Response

On September 5, 2012, Era Aviation (doing business as Era Alaska) Flight 874 experienced an uncommanded left roll and uncontrolled descent during climb at about 12,000 feet. The flight crew of the Bombardier DHC-8-103 regained control of the airplane at about 7,000 feet and returned to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Anchorage, Alaska. Analysis of the data collected by the Flight Data Recorder showed that the aircraft experienced an aerodynamic stall during climb at a higher airspeed than predicted by the aircraft’s flight manual. During the climb, the pilot and copilot did not monitor airspeed and thought that the pre-stall buffet of the aircraft was due to ice shedding off the propellers. Pilot reports and drag calculations support the presence of ice which can raise an aircraft’s stall airspeed (or lower its stall angle of attack) causing the aircraft to stall unexpectedly. The crew responded by pulling back on the column and reducing engine power. The current stall-recovery guidance is to lower the aircraft’s nose and increase engine power so that airflow can reattach and lift be restored. Company stall-recovery procedures were consistent with official guidance, but pilot recognition of an aerodynamic stall event is crucial to both stall avoidance and stall recovery.
Effects of extrudate swell and nozzle geometry on fiber orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication nozzle flow

Abstract The viability of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) as an Additive Manufacturing (AM) method is improved by including discrete carbon fibers in the polymer feedstock. The resulting carbon fiber polymer composite enhances mechanical and thermal properties, where improvements are directly related to the orientation of the carbon fibers within the extruded polymer composite. Fiber orientation in the polymer melt is affected by the flow field which is defined by the melt flow geometry including flow in the nozzle convergence and extrudate swell. This paper presents a computational approach for modeling the polymer melt flow and the associated effects of nozzle geometry and extrudate swell on fiber orientation in the extruded polymer. The finite element method is used to evaluate Stokes flow in the axisymmetric flow field of an FFF nozzle. Fiber orientation tensors are calculated throughout the fluid domain using the Orthotropic Fitted Closure and the Folgar-Tucker isotropic fiber interaction model. The radial and axial modulus of the extruded polymer is then calculated from fiber orientation tensors within the composite at the nozzle exit. Fiber orientation along the extrudate axis is shown to increase due to elongation flow within the nozzle convergence zone and decrease in the extrudate swell such that the modulus of elasticity of the extruded polymer is moderately affected by extrudate swell and substantially affected by the nozzle geometry.
Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Mineralocorticoid Action in the Rat

1. The mineralocorticoid activity of corticosterone based on acute changes in urinary Na + /K + ratios in adrenalectomized rats was 1000 times less than that of aldosterone. However, corticosterone had only kaliuretic actions whereas aldosterone had both antinatriuretic and kaliuretic properties. Corticosterone inhibited the antinatriuretic actions of aldosterone. 2. Adrenalectomized rats infused continuously with a physiological dose of corticosterone (1 mg/day) were 5 times less sensitive to the antinatriuretic and 25 times less sensitive to the kaliuretic actions of aldosterone when administered acutely than were control adrenalectomized rats. 3. The long term effects of infusions of physiological doses of aldosterone and corticosterone were assessed in adrenalectomized rats maintained in metabolic cages. Aldosterone lowered plasma renin activity and reduced fluid (0.3% NaCl) intake; these effects were diminished when aldosterone and corticosterone were infused simultaneously. Plasma renin activity and fluid intake were correlated in long term infusion experiments. Both hormones had hypokalaemic effects but these were not additive. Corticosterone, but not aldosterone, increased systolic blood pressure and plasma sodium levels. 4. We conclude that glucocorticoid effects on water and electrolyte metabolism are different from those of mineralocorticoids, that glucocorticoids may antagonize mineralocorticoid effects and that interactions between mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids may be important in long term blood pressure regulation.
Improving the safety and quality of pecans

Abstract: This chapter discusses microbiological safety, spoilage, and quality of pecans. A general postharvest handling and processing scheme for pecans is presented and significant contributions of pecans to human health are discussed. Sources and routes of contamination with foodborne pathogens and mycotoxigenic molds, practices to minimize contamination, factors affecting survival and growth, and methods for decontamination are reviewed. The chapter discusses quality and health aspects, including sensorial properties, compositional characteristics, phytochemicals, and nutritional aspects.
Lysosomal Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin (TRPML) Channels in Vascular Regulation and Diseases

Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel protein, one of the TRPML family members, is a Ca2+-permeable membrane channel with a predominant location on the late endo/lysosomes. In arterial myocytes, it has been found that this ligand-gated channel is sensitive to NAADP (Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate), a secondary Ca2+ messenger, to generate Ca2+ release from lysosomes followed by a global Ca2+ release response from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism (CICR), which is referred to as an intracellular two-phase Ca2+ release. In coronary artery, recent studies demonstrated that NAADP-sensitive lysosomal TRPML1 channels can be activated by a variety of pro-pathogenic stimuli such as endothelin 1 (ET-1), reactive oxidative species (ROS), and death receptor ligand (FasL). The defects or derangement of the lysosomal TRPMLl channel activity have been implicated in vascular injury or diseases such as endothelial dysfunction, apoptosis and even atherosclerosis.
Decisions About Testing for HIV While in a Relationship: Perspectives From an Urban, Convenience Sample of HIV-Negative Male Couples Who Have a Sexual Agreement

Many HIV-negative male couples establish a sexual agreement to help manage their HIV risk; however, less is known about their decisions about testing in this context. The present study examined whether male couples discussed HIV testing and explored their decisions about testing in the context of their sexual agreement at the individual- and couple-levels. Qualitative dyadic interview data were collected from 29 HIV-negative male couples with a sexual agreement who resided in Atlanta or Detroit; the sample was stratified by agreement type. Content analysis revealed male couples’ decisions about HIV testing as routine, self-assurance, reliance and assumption on partner, beginning of relationship testers, and/or trust; decisions varied between partners and by agreement type. Findings suggest prevention efforts should help male couples integrate HIV testing into their sexual agreement that matches their agreement type and associated HIV-related risk behavior, and help shift their one-sided decisions about testing to a couple’s mutually shared decision.
An Edge Detection Approach to Wideband Temporal Spectrum Sensing

In wideband spectrum sensing, an unlicensed user determines which portions of a given band have been left idle by the licensed users. A historical deficiency of wideband spectrum sensing, the inability to detect signals with low duty cycle, was addressed in a recent paper, where wideband temporal spectrum sensing was introduced. We propose an algorithm for reliable detection of low duty cycle signals in noisy environments. We leverage this recent advance in wideband spectrum sensing, and apply a well-known edge detection algorithm to determine channel boundaries. Numerical results are presented which show performance improvements over the original wideband temporal spectrum sensing algorithm, particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios.
Investigation of Structural Evolution of Li1.1V3O8 by In Situ X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Theory Calculations

Li1.1V3O8 is a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries, because of its high theoretical capacity (362 mAh g–1) and good rate performance. In this study, the structural evolution of Li1.1V3O8 material during electrochemical dis(charge) processes was investigated using a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental data. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict the intermediate structures at various lithiation states, as well as the stability of major phases. In order to validate these predictions, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was collected operando, allowing for the phase transformations to be monitored under current load and eliminating the possibilities of structural relaxation processes and environmental oxidation. Rietveld refinement was performed to fit the diffraction data with the DFT-derived structures and to analyze the fractions of major phases as a function of dis(charge). The DFT calculations identified three stable states that were validated by the in sit...
Nutrition in Adolescence

This chapter provides a brief overview of physical and cognitive growth and development during adolescence and how these drastic changes may impact eating behaviors. Body and weight dissatisfaction, meal skipping and snacking in place of eating meals are frequent behaviors that can impact health. Annual screening for weight status and hypertension are recommended; however, screening for hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance is recommended only for obese adolescents or those with a significant family history of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A staged approach to weight management is recommended based on degree of adiposity and the presence of comorbidities.
Laparoscopic repair of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia after a convergent procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare entity involving herniation of abdominal viscera through the diaphragm into the pericardial sac. It is most often seen after blunt abdominal trauma, but can occur following any trans-diaphragmatic intervention. We report on a 56-year-old female with peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia secondary to a convergent procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, who underwent a laparoscopic repair. An anterior abdominal wall laparoscopic approach was employed. Transverse colon and greater omentum were within the hernia sac. The defect measuring 3 cm × 3 cm was repaired using a composite hernia mesh. The total operative time was 78 minutes. No intra-operative and no post-operative complications were observed. Patient remained asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up. Laparoscopic mesh repair of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is safe, feasible and is the procedure of choice for treating these complex hernias.
Reduction of radar cross section using active microstrip antenna elements

The scattering from an object can be reduced by using active microstrip antenna elements to cancel the scattering from the object. Sensors are placed on the object to sample the local field at the surface of the object. This information is then used to adjust the radiation from the antennas in order to cancel the scattering from the object.
Current status of burn wound pathophysiology.

Recent progress in burn care, including aggressive surgical wound closure, has led to improved survival rates for patients with large burns. As a result, physicians now must address issues such as rehabilitation and reconstruction for patients who have survived fluid resuscitation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and extensive grafting procedures, and who may have impaired mobility and hypertrophic scars. Despite advances, clinicians cannot reliably predict or prevent the formation of hypertrophic scars. This article discusses the pathophysiology of burn wounds, which is required knowledge for an understanding of hypertrophic scar formation.
Quantum Wires and Quantum Dots

Physicists and mathematicians have long thought about the way motions and relationships would change in systems with dimensionality different from that of the three-dimensional space we are accustomed to. Over the past decades it has become possible to fabricate structures that exhibit reduced dimensionality, and the subject of this book deals largely with systems that already exist. Reduced dimensionality can arise in many different ways, depending on the physical processes being considered, and usually involves a sample or a physically defined region within a sample with one or more dimensions small compared to an appropriate physical scale length.
Predicting the mixed-mode I/II spatial damage propagation along 3D-printed soft interfacial layer via a hyperelastic softening model

Abstract A methodology was developed to use a hyperelastic softening model to predict the constitutive behavior and the spatial damage propagation of nonlinear materials with damage-induced softening under mixed-mode loading. A user subroutine (ABAQUS/VUMAT) was developed for numerical implementation of the model. 3D-printed wavy soft rubbery interfacial layer was used as a material system to verify and validate the methodology. The Arruda − Boyce hyperelastic model is incorporated with the softening model to capture the nonlinear pre-and post- damage behavior of the interfacial layer under mixed Mode I/II loads. To characterize model parameters of the 3D-printed rubbery interfacial layer, a series of scarf-joint specimens were designed, which enabled systematic variation of stress triaxiality via a single geometric parameter, the slant angle. It was found that the important model parameter m is exponentially related to the stress triaxiality. Compact tension specimens of the sinusoidal wavy interfacial layer with different waviness were designed and fabricated via multi-material 3D printing. Finite element (FE) simulations were conducted to predict the spatial damage propagation of the material within the wavy interfacial layer. Compact tension experiments were performed to verify the model prediction. The results show that the model developed is able to accurately predict the damage propagation of the 3D-printed rubbery interfacial layer under complicated stress-state without pre-defined failure criteria.
Exchange-Rate Arrangements in the Transition Economies

This chapter is concerned with the exchange-rate arrangements in the transition countries. Its major purpose is to assess the prospects for the use of exchange-rate policies as a vehicle for stabilization and as a permanent system of monetary control. It will take the opportunity to clarify some ideas about the international adjustment process that remain a source of controversy.
Toward a Quantitative Analysis of the Repertoire of Class I MHC-Specific Inhibitory Receptors on Natural Killer Cells

Recent research establishes that natural killer (NK) cells recognize class I MHC molecules on potential target cells Unlike T cells, however, recognition of target cell class I molecules by NK cells inhibits their activation and prevents destruction of the target cell. The pattern of recognition exhibited by NK cells suggests that one of their key functions is to destroy self cells that have extinguished or reduced expression of some or all class I molecules.
Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposite Food Contact Materials: Uses, Potential Release, and Emerging Toxicological Concerns

Several types of nanotechnology-enabled plastics intended for the storage and transport of foods are close to commercialization. For food contact applications, nanocomposite plastics offer many advantages over traditional polymers. However, while the unique properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may be harnessed for many positive ends, there are concerns about whether ENMs pose risks to human health. The primary areas of interest for assessing safety of nanocomposite food contact materials (FCM) are the potential for migration of ENMs into food and the potential toxicity of such released ENMs. This chapter offers a review of theoretical and experimental methods to assess the likelihood of ENM release from nanotechnology-enabled materials into liquid media, as well as a brief overview of the potential toxicological considerations of ENMs likely to be used in FCMs. Because the use of nanotechnology in food contact applications is a developing field, this chapter also provides background information on some of the food-related applications of nanocomposites currently in development, and a discussion of current methods being used to assess the release of non-nanoscale food packaging additives or contaminants. The goal of this work is to provide readers with an appreciation for current activity in this field as well as an understanding of data gaps that may need to be addressed in order to ensure the safety of this emerging technology.
Relationship between collateral flow and exercise performance in Fontan patients: an exercise CMR study

Background We have recently demonstrated that Fontan geometry and power loss have important relationships with exercise performance. Systemic to pulmonary arterial collateral flow (CollF) has been shown to be an important consideration in single ventricle physiology. However, the effect of exercise on CollF and the relationship between CollF and exercise performance have yet to be studied systematically. We utilized an exercise CMR protocol to investigate the relationship between exercise and CollF. Methods
Beyond Nutrition Knowledge and Tools-What Do Pediatric Providers Really Need?

Nutrition counseling continues to be a concern for pediatric providers. This study aimed to extend the understanding of the perceptions of pediatric providers regarding nutrition care. Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted using a purposive sampling technique. Interviews were conducted in-person or via telephone, recorded, and transcribed. Seven themes emerged from the data and these can be used as a “how to” for medical educators. Based on the experiences and perspectives of the pediatric providers in our study, we are moving forward with the systematic development of a curriculum to improve nutrition care and counseling in pediatrics.
Effect of feather meal as a source of valine for lactating sows.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feather meal as a source of Val in lactating sow diets. Sows (five farrowing groups; mean parity = 2.34) were allotted to one of two dietary treatments on the basis of ancestry, parity, and weight and date of d 110 of gestation. The treatment diets included 1) corn-soybean meal lactation diet (n = 40) or 2) corn-soybean meal lactation diet with 2.5% feather meal (n = 39). The diets were formulated on an equal Lys basis. All litters were adjusted to 10 pigs within 24 h after farrowing, and all sows weaned at least nine pigs. Sows were bled at 110 d of gestation and at weaning, and serum urea N was determined. Backfat thickness was determined ultrasonically at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Serum urea N and backfat thickness at d 110 of gestation were used as covariates for serum urea N and backfat thickness at weaning, respectively. The litter response criteria (weaning weight, litter weight gain, and percentage survival) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. The sow response criteria (weaning weight, weight loss per day, weaning backfat thickness, change in backfat thickness, ADFI, and days to estrus) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. Sows fed feather meal had increased (P .10) by treatment. In sows with litters gaining more than 2.17 kg/d, sow weaning weight was decreased (P < .04) and sow weight loss (P < .02) and serum urea N (P < .01) were increased in sows fed feather meal. Feather meal (as a source of Val) did not improve litter weight gain, but it increased serum urea N.
Comprehensive neuropsychological findings in a case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

Objective: Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare complication associated with chronic heavy alcohol use, with case reports documenting a range of cognitive outcomes. Given the variability in ...
Economic and environmental impacts of a non-traditional combined heat and power system for a discrete manufacturing facility

Abstract Combined heat and power (CHP) is an electricity generation strategy that benefits all sides with a vested interest in the nations’ energy future. The technology allows for the efficient production of electricity and heat, which in turn reduces the carbon footprint and energy costs of a facility with significant heat and electricity loads. This paper investigates, through a detailed dynamic simulation, how a highly non-traditional CHP facility can leverage those forces to economically and environmentally benefit. Four system configurations of a composites manufacturing facility, one existing and three proposed systems, including two CHP configurations and one combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) configuration are evaluated from both economic and environmental views. The three proposed configurations are based on a 600 kW microturbine as the primary mover. The dynamic model showed great potential to capture the dynamics of the system configurations including the dynamics of temperature, oven exhaust fraction, electrical efficiency, and overall efficiency of the system configurations. All 3 CHP systems have a payback period between 8.03 and 8.33 years. The proposed system configurations reduce up to 22.7% of the CO2 emission compared to the existing facility, supplying the demands in a cleaner manner.
Operant Psychology Without Behaviorism

Many behavioral psychologists now concede that reference to cognitive mechanisms is necessary to provide explanations of behavioral regularities, but few would concede that reference to such entities is necessary to formulate the regularities themselves. They believe that if one studies large units of behavior rather than discrete building blocks, if one focuses upon complex relational stimuli rather than upon simple non-relational stimuli, and if one attends to the equilibrium that emerges after prolonged exposure to a stimulus rather than to moment-by-moment changes, then one can formulate simple behavioral principles that connect complex environmental causes to complex behavioral effects.
The Educational Value of Outpatient Consultation-Liaison Rotations: A White Paper From the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Residency Education Subcommittee.

Abstract Background As mental health services in outpatient medical clinics expand, psychiatrists must be trained to practice in these settings. Objectives The Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry residency education subcommittee convened a writing group with the goal of summarizing the current evidence about outpatient consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) training and providing a framework for CLP educators who are interested in developing outpatient CLP rotations within their programs. Method MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and PsycINFO (via OVID) were reviewed each from inception to December 2019, for psychiatric CLP services in ambulatory settings that involved residents or fellows. The CLP education guidelines were reviewed for recommendations relevant to outpatient CLP. We also searched MedEd portal for published curriculums relevant to CLP. The group held 2 conferences to reach consensus about recommendations in setting up outpatient CLP rotations. Results Seventeen articles, 3 Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry–supported guidelines, and 8 online didactic resources were identified as directly reporting on the organization and/or impact of an outpatient CLP rotation. These manuscripts indicated that residents found outpatient CLP rotations effective and relevant to their future careers. However, the literature provided few recommendations for establishing formal outpatient CLP training experiences. Conclusions Outpatient CLP rotations offer multiple benefits for trainees, including exposure to specific clinical scenarios and therapeutic interventions applicable only in the outpatient setting, increased continuity of care, and the unique experience of providing liaison and education to non-mental health providers. The article outlines recommendations and examples for developing outpatient CLP rotations which CLP educators can incorporate in their programs.
Abstract 2575: Mechanoactivation of NOX2-generated ROS elicits persistent TRPM8 Ca2+ signals that are inhibited by oncogenic KRas

Changes in the mechanical microenvironment and mechanical signals are observed during tumor progression, malignant transformation, and metastasis. In this context, understanding the molecular details of mechanotransduction signaling may provide unique therapeutic targets. Here we report that normal breast epithelial cells are mechanically sensitive, responding to mechanical stimuli through a two-part calcium signaling mechanism. We observed an immediate, robust rise in intracellular calcium (within seconds) followed by a persistent extracellular calcium influx (up to 30 minutes). This persistent calcium was sustained via microtubule-dependent mechano-activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which acted on TRPM8 channels to prolong calcium signaling. In contrast, the introduction of a constitutively-active oncogenic KRas mutation inhibited the magnitude of initial calcium signaling and severely blunted persistent calcium influx. The identification that oncogenic KRas suppresses mechanically-induced calcium at the level of ROS provides a novel mechanism for how KRas could alter cell responses to tumor microenvironment mechanics and may reveal new chemotherapeutic targets for cancer. Moreover, we find that expression changes in both NOX2 and TRPM8 mRNA predicts poor clinical outcome in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer patients, a population with limited available treatment options. The clinical and mechanistic data demonstrating disruption of this mechanically-activated calcium pathway in breast cancer patients and by KRas activation reveal novel signaling alterations that could influence cancer cell responses to the tumor mechanical microenvironment and impact patient survival. Citation Format: Stephen JP Pratt, Rachel M. Lee, Erick O. Hernandez-Ochoa, Eleanor C. Ory, Keyata N. Thompson, Patrick C. Bailey, Trevor J. Mathias, Julia A. Ju, Michele I. Vitolo, Martin F. Schneider, Joseph P. Stains, Christopher W. Ward, Stuart S. Martin. Mechanoactivation of NOX2-generated ROS elicits persistent TRPM8 Ca2+ signals that are inhibited by oncogenic KRas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2575.
What Student Positions can be Created on the LBUSD BOE to Increase the Effectiveness of Student Representation

The Long Beach Unified School District Board of Education and superintendent make efforts to have student representation in the decision making process. However, there are many shortcomings in the student representation structure of the LBUSD BOE. The systems set in place do not encourage consistent and active student participation, and evaluations of recent student board member involvement show minimal to no participation. By comparing LBUSD to other CORE school districts, there are clear differences in the way students are represented on the BOE. Notably, many CORE school districts elect student BOE members and include a Student Advisory Council to advise the Board. Other CORE school districts have experienced valuable student participation with their models. LBUSD can draw from other CORE school districts to create a system of student representation on the BOE that fosters student involvement and values student voice.
Intermediate mass black holes in AGN discs – I. Production and growth

Here we propose a mechanism for efficiently growing intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in discs around supermassive black holes. Stellar mass objects can efficiently agglomerate when facilitated by the gas disc. Stars, compact objects and binaries can migrate, accrete and merge within discs around supermassive black holes. While dynamical heating by cusp stars excites the velocity dispersion of nuclear cluster objects (NCOs) in the disc, gas in the disc damps NCO orbits. If gas damping dominates, NCOs remain in the disc with circularized orbits and large collision cross-sections. IMBH seeds can grow extremely rapidly by collisions with disc NCOs at low relative velocities, allowing for super-Eddington growth rates. Once an IMBH seed has cleared out its feeding zone of disc NCOs, growth of IMBH seeds can become dominated by gas accretion from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) disc. However, the IMBH can migrate in the disc and expand its feeding zone, permitting a super-Eddington accretion rate to continue. Growth of IMBH seeds via NCO collisions is enhanced by a pile-up of migrators. We highlight the remarkable parallel between the growth of IMBH in AGN discs with models of giant planet growth in protoplanetary discs. If an IMBH becomes massive enough it can open a gap in the AGN disc. IMBH migration in AGN discs may stall, allowing them to survive the end of the AGN phase and remain in galactic nuclei. Our proposed mechanisms should be more efficient at growing IMBH in AGN discs than the standard model of IMBH growth in stellar clusters. Dynamical heating of disc NCOs by cusp stars is transferred to the gas in an AGN disc helping to maintain the outer disc against gravitational instability. Model predictions, observational constraints and implications are discussed in a companion paper (Paper II).
Statistical Mechanics: From First Principles to Macroscopic Phenomena

Introduction Part I. Foundations of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: 1. Classical distribution function 2. Quantum mechanical density matrix 3. Thermodynamics from statistical physics 4. The semiclassical limit Part II. States of Matter in Equilibrium Statistical Physics: 5. Perfect gases 6. Imperfect gases 7. Classical liquids 8. Quantum liquids and magnetic systems 9. Phase transitions, static properties Part III. Dynamics: 10. Hydrodynamics and related continuum theories 11. Stochastic models and dynamics of critical phenomena Appendix Index.
Irreducible and Connected Components

Decomposing a space into its connected components is a familiar topological idea which is immediately applicable to closed sets in k n and which we will proceed to generalize to group schemes. But the algebraic nature of our closed sets makes it easier to approach connectedness via a stronger concept, irreducibility. Consider for example the zeros of (x 2 + y 2 − 1)x in k2. This set is connected, but everyone would usually say it is made up of two pieces, the circle and line which arc the zeros of the factors. Minimal pieces of this kind are easily singled out in the Zariski topology: we call a topological space irreducible if it is not the union of two proper closed subsets.
Chapter 28 The theory of international environmental agreements

This chapter presents the theory of international environmental agreements (IEAs). It explains what treaties do (or should do); when and why they succeed or fail; and whether they can be designed better. It focuses on the main questions that the literature on this topic has tried to answer, discusses the different methodological approaches that have been used, and shows how these approaches relate to one another. The chapter pays greatest attention to the constraint of self-enforcement and to the institutional aspects of IEAs. Topics discussed include: the relationship between international environmental cooperation problems and other cooperation problems; the problems IEAs are meant to address; the non-cooperative and full cooperative benchmarks; IEAs as stage games; the empirical implications of the theory; alternative equilibrium concepts; minimum participation in a treaty; pollution abatement as a strategic substitute and as a strategic complement; the difference between compliance and participation enforcement; IEAs as repeated games; the trade-off between the depth and breadth of cooperation; the distributive and strategic roles of side payments; issue linkage; trade leakage; and enforcement relying on trade restrictions. The chapter also shows how the theory can illuminate real problems, including acid rain, ozone depletion, and global climate change. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.
Effect of prenatal care on infant mortality rates according to birth-death certificate files.

Infant mortality has decreased nationwide; however, our national rates still log behind those of other industrialized countries, especially the rates for minority groups. This study evaluates the effect of prenatal care and risk factors on infant mortality rates in Chicago. Using linked infant birth and death certificates of Chicago residents for 1989-1995, a total of 5838 deaths occurring during the first year of life were identified. Birth certificate variables, especially prenatal care, were reviewed. Variables were compared by stratified analysis. Pearson chi 2 analysis and odd ratios (ORs) were computed. Infant mortality rate (IMR) in Chicago decreased from 17 in 1989 to 12.6 in 1995 (P < .0001). Some factors increased IMR several fold: prematurity (OR 17.43), no prenatal care (OR 4.07), inadequate weight gain (OR 2.95), African-American ethnicity (OR 2.55), and inadequate prenatal care (OR 2.03). Compared with no care, prenatal care was associated with lower IMR; however, early care was associated with higher IMR and ORs than later care. These results demonstrate prenatal care is associated with lower IMR; however, compared with late prenatal care, early care does not improve IMR. Further studies should evaluate whether improving the quality of care improves IMRs.
The effects of translation on readability.

This investigation studied the effects of translating French into English and how readability changed following the translation. French works were paired with English translations of the same works. Flesch Reading Ease scores were significantly lower for the French indicating that the English translations were more easily read than the French originals. Different English translations of the same French work were paired and very little difference resulted. The position that readability measures difficulty of style was confirmed.
1,1,3,3,‐Tetrabutyl‐1,3‐dichlorodistannoxane

[10428-19-0] C16H36OC12Sn2 (MW 552.78) InChI = 1S/4C4H9.2ClH.O.2Sn/c4*1-3-4-2;;;;;/h4*1,3-4H2,2H3;2*1H;;;/q;;;;;;;2*+1/p-2 InChIKey = MWFOVBOCPFXQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-L (catalyst used for promoting transesterifications and esterifications under near neutral conditions) Physical Data: mp 113 °C. Solubility: soluble in hexane, toluene, benzene, THF, 1,4-dioxane, and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: glass bottled solid, available from Aldrich. Handling, Storage, and Precaution: air stable solid.
Polycrystalline plasticity and the evolution of crystallographic texture in FCC metals

A Taylor-type model for large deformation polycrystalline plasticity is formulated and evaluated by comparing the predictions for the evolution of crystallographic texture and the stress-strain response in simple compression and tension, plane strain compression, and simple shear of initially ‘isotropic’ OFHC copper against ( a ) corresponding experiments, and ( b ) finite element simulations of these experiments using a multitude of single crystals with accounting for the satisfaction of both compatibility and equilibrium. Our experiments and calculations show that the Taylor-type model is in reasonable first-order agreement with the experiments for the evolution of texture and the overall stress-strain response of single-phase copper. The results of the finite element calculations are in much better agreement with experiments, but at a substantially higher computational expense.
Paraoxon-induced decrease in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor content in rat heart

Abstract The regulation of the rat heart muscarinic acetylcholine receptor by injection of paraoxon (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) was characterized. No changes in receptor density in the four cardiac chambers were seen after two days. After three daily injections, however, significant decreases (20–25%) were observed in both atria and ventricles. These changes were associated with a 50% decrease in cardiac acetylcholinesterase activity. We were unable to demonstrate a change in the proportion or value of the apparent KDs for the two previously described affinity states of the receptor for the agonist methacholine. We found that the proportion of the high affinity form of the receptor was greater in atria than in ventricle (70 vs. 55%). Moreover, we also found that acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in the atria than ventricle. Although methacholine will produce down regulation of the muscarinic receptor in the perfused rat heart in 2.5 h (Reinhardt and Roskoski, 1983; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 226, 135), injection of large doses of metacholine failed to produce any receptor decreases within 6 h in vivo.