cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic studies on the relationship of ribonucleotide precursor pools and ribonucleic acid synthesis.

Abstract A study has been made of the kinetics of flow of [ 14 C]uracil through the intracellular pools of pyrimidine ribonucleotides of Bacillus subtilis . The rate at which these pools fill is slow as compared to that predicted from the measured sizes of these pools and the rate of nucleic acid synthesis. These results may be a consequence of the continued entry of uracil derivatives into the pools from messenger RNA turnover, or alternatively due to an internal compartmentalization of the pool components. The uracil derivatives (UMP, UDP, UTP, UDPG), which make up about 75% of the total pool size, are rapidly equilibrated with one another; this is seen in the fact that one can only trace a sequential flow of radioactive uracil through them in experiments at lowered temperatures. On the other hand, the kinetics of uracil flow through the soluble pools is the same as that through messenger, which is consistent with the equilibration of the two through messenger turnover and recycling of isotope from the pools into the messenger. By measuring the rate of [ 14 C]uracil entry into the pools, and the size of the pools, an estimate of the size of that fraction of the RNA of the cells that is turning over is obtained (7%), which is in agreement with the value obtained with the aid of actinomycin D.
Trisomy 4 in a case of acute undifferentiated myeloblastic leukemia with hand-mirror cells

Abstract A case of acute undifferentiated myelocytic leukemic with trisomy 4 is described. The patient is a 61-year-old woman who developed leukemia 4 1 2 years after receiving radiation therapy for uterine carcinoma. Many leukemic cells exhibited hand-mirror configuration after the bone marrow aspirate was left at room temperature overnight. The relationship between trisomy 4 and hand-mirror cells in acute myelocytic leukemia is unknown.
Stereoselective total synthesis of hainanolidol and harringtonolide via oxidopyrylium-based [5 + 2] cycloaddition.

The tetracyclic carbon skeleton of hainanolidol and harringtonolide was efficiently constructed by an intramolecular oxidopyrylium-based [5 + 2] cycloaddition. An anionic ring-opening strategy was developed for the cleavage of the ether bridge in 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes derived from the [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Conversion of cycloheptadiene to tropone was realized by a sequential [4 + 2] cycloaddition, Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement, and double elimination. The biomimetic synthesis of harringtonolide from hainanolidol was also confirmed.
Update on juvenile dermatomyositis: new advances in understanding its etiopathogenesis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Juvenile dermatomyositis is the most common of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in children. It is considered an autoimmune disease of relatively unknown etiology, although environmental exposures and infectious agents are thought to play a role in disease pathogenesis. More recently, data has become available regarding the molecular genetics of children affected with juvenile dermatomyositis and the impact these genes have on disease expression and clinical course. Additionally, features of the immune response, including specific pathways of the humoral and cellular immune systems, have been further described. This article summarizes the most recent advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of juvenile dermatomyositis. RECENT FINDINGS This article focuses on advances made in understanding the role that complement, soluble adhesion molecules, thrombospondin-1 levels, and genetics play in the evolution of juvenile dermatomyositis. It also describes microarray technology and gene expression profiling as means of identifying those genes overexpressed in affected children and thus likely involved in disease pathogenesis; microarray technology may also be used to distinguish dermatomyositis from the other inflammatory myopathies, as well as from other myopathies. SUMMARY In better understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms whereby disease evolves and the means by which genetic profiles influence susceptibility to and expression of disease, immunotherapies to better treat juvenile dermatomyositis may become available in the future.
Centrally Acting Mechanisms for the Treatment of Male Sexual Dysfunction

The development of pharmacologic therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) has been possible because of incremental growth in our understanding of the physiology of normal erections and the complex pathophysiology of ED. Although the oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have provided safe, effective treatment of ED for some men, a large proportion of men who have ED do not respond to PDE5 inhibitors or become less responsive or less satisfied as the duration of therapy increases. Also, men who are receiving organic nitrates and nitrates, such as amyl nitrate, cannot take PDE5 inhibitors because of nitrate interactions. The current options for treatment beyond PDE5 inhibitors are invasive, unappealing to some patients, and sometimes ineffective. The search for other options by which ED can be treated has branched out and now encompasses centrally acting mechanisms that control erectile function. Drugs available in Europe include apomorphine. This article focuses on the mechanism of centrally acting agents and reviews clinical data on potential new centrally acting drugs for men who have ED.
Examining assumptions in wildlife management: A contribution of human dimensions inquiry

Abstract Making good decisions in wildlife management is difficult given the needs and desires of competing stakeholder groups. Good decisions require good information, but in the absence of such information managers must operate on assumptions. Managers’ ability to make the most appropriate decisions can be enhanced if assumptions about people's beliefs, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors are scrutinized through human dimensions inquiry to assess their reliability. To demonstrate this value of human dimensions inquiry, we consider a set of assumptions that have formed the bases for some wildlife management decisions, drawing primarily on our experience in New York. For each assumption, we review examples of human dimensions findings that have helped wildlife managers verify or revise a particular application of the assumption. In the examples, examination of assumptions has helped wildlife managers provide increased benefits for wildlife stakeholders.
Tying a Knot in the Unraveling Health Care Safety Net

The U.S. health care system continues to rely on a diverse and poorly organized health care safety net to provide care for its uninsured and underinsured residents. Last year, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report entitled America's Health Care Safety Net: Intact but Endangered. The IOM cited several threats to the safety net, including inadequate monitoring of safety net function, poor integration of services, financial threats for core safety net providers, and the destabilizing effects of a rapid shift from traditional Medicaid to Medicaid managed care products. This paper reviews the findings of the IOM report, highlighting the key issues for emergency medicine. In response to the IOM's challenges, emergency departments should be used more effectively to monitor local safety net viability and to enhance the integration of community health care safety net delivery systems.
IEEE Power Engineering Review

In this paper, the author describes how permitting and encouraging at least some retail consumers to face time-varying electricity prices provides economic, environmental and reliability benefits.
Microbial community dynamics and taxon-specific phytoplankton production in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 monsoon seasons

Abstract As part of the US JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study in 1995, we investigated temporal and spatial patterns in microbial dynamics and production during the late Southwest (SW) Monsoon (August–September 1995) and the early Northeast (NE) Monsoon (November–December 1995) seasons using the seawater-dilution technique. Experiments were coupled with population assessments from high-performance liquid chromatography, flow cytometry, and microscopy to estimate further taxon-specific phytoplankton growth, grazing and production. Dilution estimates of total primary production varied substantially, from 7 to 423 μg C l −1 d −1 , and were generally in good agreement with rate estimates from 14 C-uptake incubations. Both primary production and secondary bacterial production were, on average, 2.5× higher during the SW Monsoon than the NE Monsoon. Relative to the total community, photosynthetic prokaryotes contributed 23% and 53% of production during the SW and NE Monsoons, respectively. Prochlorococcus spp. production was well balanced by grazing losses, while >50% of Synechococcus spp. production during the SW Monsoon appeared to escape grazing by protists. Diatoms comprised >30% of primary production at a high biomass station during the SW Monsoon but Synechococcus spp. and diatoms appeared to be limited by inorganic nitrogen concentrations, while Prochlorococcus spp., dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis spp. were not. Losses to protistan grazing were strongly correlated with phytoplankton biomass and production. Despite sufficient prey levels, protistan biomass was modest and constant across the region during both seasons. Of the larger taxa, diatoms were grazed the least effectively with only 50% of daily production accounted for by protistan grazing. Combined estimates of protistan and mesozooplankton grazing at upwelling stations during the SW Monsoon leave ∼10% of primary production unaccounted for and available for sinking and/or lateral advection. Similarly high rates of net production at northern coastal stations during the NE Monsoon suggest that this area also may contribute to regional export flux.
Pain on intramuscular injection of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, with and without dexamethasone.

Background and Objectives We wished to determine which long-acting local anesthetic would produce the least pain on injection for treatment of myofascial pain disorders. We compared the pain on intramuscular injection of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, bupivacaine with dexamethasone, ropivacaine with dexamethasone, and needle placement alone. Methods Thirty volunteers received 5 injections each: (1) needle only, (2) bupivacaine 0.5%, (3) ropivacaine 0.5%, (4) bupivacaine 0.5% with dexamethasone 0.13 mg/mL, and (5) ropivacaine 0.5% with dexamethasone 0.13 mg/mL. The injections were made in the volunteers’ upper trapezius muscles; there was a 15-minute interval between injections. The sequence of injections was randomized by Latin square design. The intensity of pain was rated on a 0 to 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Neither the investigator nor the volunteer was aware of the nature of the injectate. The pH of the injected solutions was checked to determine if differences in the intensity of pain on injection were due to differences in the pH of the solutions. Results The VAS pain scores were 3.1 ± 2.4 for needle only, 4.4 ± 2.8 for bupivacaine, 2.5 ± 2.0 for ropivacaine, 4.7 ± 2.7 for bupivacaine/dexamethasone, and 3.7 ± 2.2 for ropivacaine/dexamethasone. The pain on injection of ropivacaine was significantly less than the pain on injection of bupivacaine or bupivacaine/dexamethasone. The pH values of the solutions were as follows: (1) bupivacaine, 5.50; (2) ropivacaine, 5.57; (3) bupivacaine/dexamethasone, 6.64; and (4) ropivacaine/dexamethasone, 6.60. Conclusions The pain on intramuscular injection of bupivacaine is significantly more intense than with ropivacaine. The difference in the intensity of the pain on injection between bupivacaine and ropivacaine does not appear to be related to differences in pH. The results of our study have implications on the choice of the local anesthetic used in trigger point injections.
Chamber studies of secondary organic aerosol growth by reactive uptake of simple carbonyl compounds

Recent experimental evidence indicates that heterogeneous chemical reactions play an important role in the gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds, contributing to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. Here we present laboratory chamber studies of the reactive uptake of simple carbonyl species (formaldehyde, octanal, trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 2,3-butanedione, 2,4-pentanedione, glutaraldehyde, and hydroxyacetone) onto inorganic aerosol. Gas-phase organic compounds and aqueous seed particles (ammonium sulfate or mixed ammonium sulfate/sulfuric acid) are introduced into the chamber, and particle growth and composition are monitored using a differential mobility analyzer and an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. No growth is observed for most carbonyls studied, even at high concentrations (500 ppb to 5 ppm), in contrast with the results from previous studies. The single exception is glyoxal (CHOCHO), which partitions into the aqueous aerosol much more efficiently than its Henry's law constant would predict. No major enhancement in particle growth is observed for the acidic seed, suggesting that the large glyoxal uptake is not a result of particle acidity but rather of ionic strength of the seed. This increased partitioning into the particle phase still cannot explain the high levels of glyoxal measured in ambient aerosol, indicating that additional (possibly irreversible) pathways of glyoxal uptake may be important in the atmosphere.
Theoretical study of defects Cu 3 SbSe 4 : Search for optimum dopants for enhancing thermoelectric properties

Abstract Cu3SbSe4 is a promising thermoelectric material due to high thermopower ( > 400 μ V/K) at 300 K and higher. Although it has a simple crystal structure derived from zinc blende structure, previous work has shown that the physics of band gap formation is quite subtle due to the importance of active lone pair (5 s 2 ) of Sb and the non-local exchange interaction between these and Se 5p electrons. Since for any application of semiconductors understanding the properties of defects is essential, we discuss the results of a systematic study of several point defects in Cu3SbSe4 including vacancies and substitutions for each of the components. First principles calculations using density functional theory show that among variety of possible dopants, p-type doping can be done by substituting Sb with group IV elements including Sn, Ge, Pb and Ti and n-type doping can be done by replacing Cu by Mg, Zn. Doping at the Se site appears to be rather difficult. Electronic structure calculations also suggest that the p-type behavior seen in nominally pure Cu3SbSe4 is most likely due to Cu vacancy rather than Se vacancy.
Modeling personalized email prioritization: classification-based and regression-based approaches

Email overload, even after spam filtering, presents a serious productivity challenge for busy professionals and executives. One solution is automated prioritization of incoming emails to ensure the most important are read and processed quickly, while others are processed later as/if time permits in declining priority levels. This paper presents a study of machine learning approaches to email prioritization into discrete levels, comparing ordinal regression versus classifier cascades. Given the ordinal nature of discrete email priority levels, SVM ordinal regression would be expected to perform well, but surprisingly a cascade of SVM classifiers significantly outperforms ordinal regression for email prioritization. In contrast, SVM regression performs well -- better than classifiers -- on selected UCI data sets. This unexpected performance inversion is analyzed and results are presented, providing core functionality for email prioritization systems.
Time-Dependent Synchrotron and Compton Spectra from Microquasar Jets

Jet models for the high-energy emission of Galactic X-ray binary sources have regained significant interest with detailed spectral and timing studies of the X-ray emission from microquasars, the recent detection by the HESS collaboration of very-high-energy γ-rays from the microquasar LS 5039, and the earlier suggestion of jet models for ultraluminous X-ray sources observed in many nearby galaxies. Here we study the synchrotron and Compton signatures of time-dependent electron injection and acceleration, and adiabatic and radiative cooling in the jets of Galactic microquasars.
Differential Pharmacology of Drugs Used for Intravenous Pre-medication

The differential effects of drugs used for intravenous pre-medication are reviewed using the results of controlled clinical trials in dental outpatients. The evaluation of clinical success requires experimental control of factors which can confound both the therapeutic and evaluation processes. The evaluation of drugs which are given primarily to alleviate anxiety requires that this effect be assessed by the patient's self-report rather than by the clinician's estimate of drug effect based on external manifestations. The results of the studies reviewed suggest that intravenous diazepam accomplishes the therapeutic objectives of anxiety relief, decreased pain perception, and amnesia. The addition of a narcotic, while reducing the diazepam dose, does not result in any greater effect, but does improve patient cooperation. It is concluded that diazepam, administered to clinical end-point, accomplishes most of the goals of intravenous pre-medication with minimal potential for adverse effects. The use of additional agents may improve patient cooperation, but this possible advantage must be weighed against the potential for increased systemic effects.
Semantics-based dynamic service composition

Complex services may be dynamically composed through combining distributed components on demand (i.e., when requested by a user) in order to provide new services without preinstallation. Several systems have been proposed to dynamically compose services. However, they require users to request services in a manner that is not intuitive to the users. In order to allow a user to request a service in an intuitive form (e.g., using a natural language), this paper proposes a semantics-based service composition architecture. The proposed architecture obtains the semantics of the service requested in an intuitive form, and dynamically composes the requested service based on the semantics of the service. To compose a service based on its semantics, the proposed architecture supports semantic representation of components [through a component model named Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS)], discovers components required to compose a service [through a middleware named Component Runtime Environment (CoRE)], and composes the requested service based on its semantics and the semantics of the discovered components [through a service composition mechanism named Semantic Graph-Based Service Composition (SeGSeC)]. This paper presents the design, implementation and empirical evaluation of the proposed architecture.
Reduced Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G1 Increases Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background— Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis. A pivotal event in the development of atherosclerosis is macrophage foam cell formation. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 regulate macrophage cholesterol efflux and hence play a vital role in macrophage foam cell formation. We have previously found that chronic elevated glucose reduces ABCG1 expression. In the present study, we examined whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had decreased ABCG1 and/or ABCA1, impaired cholesterol efflux, and increased macrophage foam cell formation. Methods and Results— Blood was collected from patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, and cholesterol efflux assays, immunoblots, histological analysis, and intracellular cholesteryl ester measurements were performed. Macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a 30% reduction in cholesterol...
Stability of anionic complexes of some barbituric acid derivatives and silver.

Stability constants for the anionic silver complexes for a series of barbituric acid derivatives were determined potentiometrically. The titration efficiency or per cent recovery was shown to be acceptable for reproducible results and accurate calculation of the stability constants. The effect of silver ion on the stability of barbital was determined. The presence of silver ion was shown not to interfere with the assay of barbital in alkaline solution. A structure for the anionic silver barbiturate complex was proposed.
Mosco-convergence and Wiener measures for conductive thin boundaries☆

Abstract The Mosco-convergence of energy functionals and the convergence of associated Wiener measures are proved for a domain with highly conductive thin boundary. We obtain those results for matrix-valued conductivities and a family of speed measures (measures of the underlying domain). In particular, this family includes the Lebesgue measure and the one which makes the energy functional superposition. The expectation of the displacement of the associated processes close to the boundary goes to +∞ due to the explosion of the conductivity at the limit.
Structural and individual determinants of workplace victimization: The effects of hierarchical status and conflict management style.

Most studies of harmful workplace behavior have focused on the motives or characteristics of perpetrators. In contrast, the present study draws from theories of victimization to examine when employees are more likely to perceive themselves as targets of co-workers’ aggressive actions. Individual and organizational structural variables were related to perceived victimization based on prior theory and research. The individual variable was conflict management style; the structural variable was hierarchical status. Direct relationships between the conflict styles and perceived victimization were predicted. The moderating effect of hierarchical status was also tested. Results supported the direct effect of an obliging style on covert aggressive actions. An interaction involving both integrating and obliging styles and hierarchical status was supported for direct forms of interpersonal aggression.
Sodium and Potassium Binding by Microsomes from Nasal Salt Gland, Harder's Gland, Kidney and Liver of Sea Gull.∗:

SummaryMicrosomes from the nasal salt gland, liver and kidney were capable of binding Na+ and K+ at a level of 1.1–1.6 meq/g N. Microsomes from Harder's gland exhibited a Na+ and K+ binding of 2.3–2.5 meq/g N, which possibly represents binding to a mucopolysaccharide low in nitrogen. The high efficiency of the nasal salt gland could be associated with the elution-type mechanism of ion transport.
Changes in State Prescription Contraceptive Mandates For Insurers: The Effect on Women's Contraceptive Use

CONTEXT: Access to effective contraceptives is critical to reducing levels of unintended childbearing in the United States. Since 1998 more than half the states have passed legislation requiring insurers that cover prescription drugs to cover prescription contraceptives approved by the Food and Drug Administration. An assessment of the impact of these laws on womens contraceptive use is needed to determine whether such policies are effective. METHODS: Information was collected on state contraceptive coverage policies and contraceptive use data among women at risk of unintended pregnancy were drawn from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys conducted between 1998 and 2010. Logit regression analysis was used to calculate the marginal effects of state contraceptive coverage laws on insured and uninsured womens use of prescription methods. RESULTS: Insured women who lived in a state with a contraceptive coverage law were 5% more likely than their counterparts in states without such laws to use an effective method (i.e. a prescription method condoms or sterilization). Among women who used such methods those in contraceptive coverage states were 5% more likely than women in other states to use any prescription method and 4% more likely to use the pill. No associations were found between contraceptive mandates and method use by uninsured women. Among both users and nonusers contraceptive coverage was associated with a 5% increase in pill use. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive coverage mandates appear to play a role in increasing the use of prescription contraceptives among insured women and hence may help to reduce the numbers of unintended pregnancies. Copyright (c) 2014 by the Guttmacher Institute.
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending coronary artery

A 77-year-old male presented with a recent posterior myocardial infarction for coronary angiography. This angiogram revealed a rare, previously unreported anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the first major diagonal branch.
High-spin level systematics in 177–182W: Yrast band anomaly in 180W☆

Abstract High-spin levels in 177–182W have been populated in (α,χnγ) reactions. Backbending-type behavior appears most prominently in 180W. The role of i 13 2 neutrons and h 9 2 protons in the 180W yrast behavior is examined. A strongly-coupled Kπ = 10+ band structure is identified in 182W, the first seniority-two i 13 2 configuration to be characterized in a deformed nucleus.
Effect of Internal Mammary Artery Mobilization on Sternal Blood Flow

Use of the internal mammary artery as a conduit for coronary artery bypass has enhanced this procedure in terms of prolonged graft patency. An earlier warning that use of both arteries would devascularize the sternum was based on postmortem radiologic imaging. This was complemented by a subsequent animal study employing isotopic microspheres. In the present clinical study, laser Doppler flowmetry was adapted to identify changes in blood supply to the left half of the divided manubrium sternum during separation of the left internal mammary artery from its chest wall attachment. Our finding of continued blood flow after this event suggests that complete devascularization of the sternum does not take place. Quality of sternal bone and surrounding tissues and clinical indications should remain as factors influencing use of one or both internal mammary arteries. BCF = blood cell flux; IMA = internal mammary artery; LDF = laser Doppler flowmetry; MSJ = manubrium-sternum junction
On the Relation between the Incidence of Mammary Cancer and the Nature of the Sexual Cycle in Various Strains of Mice

In a series of earlier investigations it has been shown that in different strains of mice kept under the same environmental conditions, the incidence of mammary cancer may vary from almost 100 per cent to zero. Each strain has its characteristic tumor incidence, which remains approximately constant in successive generations. Heredity is therefore an important factor in the origin of mammary cancer in mice (1). In addition to heredity, a second factor was found to be necessary for the development of mammary tumors, namely the action of ovarian hormones. The length of time during which the hormones (presumably follicular) were allowed to act on the mammary gland was shown to bear a quantitative relation to tumor incidence, as well as to the period of life at which cancer developed; the longer the hormones were allowed to act on the mammary gland, the greater was the number of mice in which cancer occurred and the earlier it appeared (2). A parallelism was therefore apparent between the influence of internal secretion on the origin of mammary cancers and the effect of various external stimulants of a chemical and physical nature. The relation between the internal secretion or external stimulation and hereditary factors in the development of cancer could be expressed by the equation: S + H or S × H = C, in which S signifies the external or internal stimulating endocrine factors; H signifies heredity, and C the intensity factor in the origin of cancer, including its frequency and time of appearance.
On Approximation by a Nonfundamental Sequence of Translates

Abstract Iff(t) and its Fourier transformF(t) satisfy some growth conditions and if {cn}0∞is a sequence of distinct real numbers satisfying a certain separation condition, we represent those functionsg(t) which are in the closure of the linear span of a nonfundamental sequence {f(cn−t)} inL2(R). A result about the degree of approximation is also proved.
MRI of bone marrow in the distal radius: in vivo precision of effective transverse relaxation times

The effective transverse relaxation time T2* is influenced by the presence of trabecular bone, and can potentially provide a measure of bone density as well as bone structure. We determined the in vivo precision of T2* in repeated bone marrow measurements. The T2* measurements of the bone marrow of the distal radius were performed twice within 2 weeks in six healthy young volunteers using a modified water-presaturated 3D Gradient-Recalled Acquisition at Steady State (GRASS) sequence with TE 7, 10, 12, 20, and 30; TR 67; flip angle (FA) 90 degrees. An axial volume covering a length of 5.6 cm in the distal radius was measured. Regions of interest (ROIs) were determined manually and consisted of the entire trabecular bone cross-section extending proximally from the radial subchondral endplate. Reproducibility of T2* and area measurements was expressed as the absolute precision error (standard deviation [SD] in ms or mm2) or as the relative precision error (SD/mean x 100, or coefficient of variation [CV] in %) between the two-point measurements. Short-term precision of T2* and area measurements varied depending on section thickness and location of the ROI in the distal radius. Absolute precision errors for T2* times were between 1.3 and 2.9 ms (relative precision errors 3.8-9.5 %) and for area measurements between 20 and 55 mm2 (relative precision errors 5.1-16.4%). This MR technique for quantitative assessment of trabecular bone density showed reasonable reproducibility in vivo and is a promising future tool for the assessment of osteoporosis.
Relationships between language skills as assessed by the Halstead-Reitan battery and the Luria-Nebraska language-related factor scales in a nonaphasic patient population.

Abstract The study involved a comparison between language tests derived from the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological test batteries. Language-related measures from each battery were entered into a factor analysis based on a sample of 150 nonaphasic neuropsychiatric patients. Five factors were extracted and were named Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Verbal Intelligence, Auditory Discrimination, and Comprehension of Syntactical Relations. Measures from both the Halstead Reitan and Luria-Nebraska loaded on most of these factors. A canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska measures. However, it was noted that interpretation of this relationship must be qualified by the association found between the measures used and educational achievement.
The Polar Auxin Transport Inhibitor N-1-Naphthylphthalamic Acid Disrupts Leaf Initiation, KNOX Protein Regulation, and Formation of Leaf Margins in Maize

Maize (Zea mays) leaves develop basipetally (tip to base); the upper blade emerges from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) before the expansion of the lower sheath. Founder cells, leaf initials located in the periphery of the SAM, are distinguished from the SAM proper by the differential accumulation of KNOX proteins. KNOX proteins accumulate in the SAM, but are excluded from maize leaf primordia and leaf founder cells. As in Arabidopsis and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), maize shoots failed to initiate new leaves when cultured in the polar auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We demonstrate that NPA-induced arrest of leaf initiation in maize is correlated with the failure to down-regulate KNOX accumulation in the SAM. In addition, NPA-cultured shoots formed abnormal tubular leaf bases in which the margins failed to separate in the lower leaf zone. The tubular leaf bases always formed in the fourth leaf from the arrested meristem. Moreover, the unseparated margin domains of these tubular leaf bases accumulated ectopic KNOX protein(s). Transfer of NPA-cultured apices to NPA-free media resulted in the resumption of leaf initiation from the SAM and the restoration of normal patterns of KNOX down-regulation, accordingly. These data suggest that the lower sheath margins emerge from the leaf base late in maize leaf development and that the separation of these leaf margin domains is correlated with auxin transport and down-regulation of KNOX proteins. In addition, these results suggest that the down-regulation of KNOX accumulation in maize apices is not upstream of polar auxin transport, although a more complicated feedback network may exist. A model for L1-derived margin development in maize leaves is presented.
Present and future methods of mine detection using scattering parameters and an artificial neural network

The detection and disposal of anti-personnel landmines is one of the most difficult and intractable problems faced in ground conflict. This paper first presents current detection methods which use a separated aperture microwave sensor and an artificial neural-network pattern classifier. Several data-specific pre-processing methods are developed to enhance neural-network learning. In addition, a generalized Karhunen-Loeve transform and the eigenspace separation transform are used to perform data reduction and reduce network complexity. Highly favorable results have been obtained using the above methods in conjunction with a feedforward neural network. Secondly, a very promising idea relating to future research is proposed that uses acoustic modulation of the microwave signal to provide an additional independent feature to the input of the neural network. The expectation is that near-perfect mine detection will be possible with this proposed system.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
MGUS prevalence in a cohort of AML patients

To the Editor: The increased incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes following multiple myeloma (MM) has been observed for more than 4 decades[1][1],[2][2] and has been largely attributed to mutagenic induction therapy for myeloma.[3][3][⇓][4][⇓][5]-[6][6] Recent
“It's About Seeing What's Actually Out There”: Quantifying fishers' ecological knowledge and biases in a small-scale commercial fishery as a path toward co-management

Abstract As fishery science continues to make strides toward stakeholder-inclusive, co-management styles of fishery management, there remain concerns on how the participation of commercial fishers affects the direction of regulations, particularly where perceptions of fisher bias and self-interest dominate. Fishers, particularly in small-scale, artisanal fisheries, possess valuable fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) on the status and trends of their resources and can provide valuable input during regulatory negotiations. FEK provides a second source of ecosystem information, and can be applied to management where other forms of data may be absent or difficult to regularly obtain through traditional research and monitoring approaches. The Q-Method was used to measure the subjective behaviors and biases of 42 commercial fishers and 54 island residents representing other stakeholder groups in St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands. This research shows that commercial fishers possess a unique, biased perspective that is identifiable against other stakeholder groups when issues of how best to manage the island's fishery resources arise. Within the commercial fishing community, a range of perspectives also exist, from those skeptical of management and discount concerns of unsustainable fishing effort to those who recognize the need for locally-appropriate management and consider their own involvement in management meetings to be instrumental in developing any such measures. By tapping into FEK, fishing behavior, and stakeholder biases, management decisions become more informed and opportunities to develop co-management increase. Such engagement efforts are particularly relevant for data-poor fisheries. FEK provides an alternate path from which to more fully understand fishery health and trends, thereby establishing the foundation from which locally appropriate and supported fishery management can form. FEK can also act as a bridge by managers to more fully invest in relationships and partnerships with the fishing community, thereby strengthening the fishers' sense of “ownership” of an otherwise common-pool resource, and allowing for the development of adaptive co-management opportunities that address the immediate needs of the fishery.
Calculation of diffuse scattering near Bragg reflections from coherent precipitates

Numerical calculations of the diffuse scattering near Bragg reflections from coherent solute precipitates in a dilute alloy have been made. Results are presented for spherical precipitates in an elastically isotropic continous medium where the calculations have been reduced to a one-dimensional numerical integral. The scattering is separated into direct scattering from the precipitates, the Huang scattering from the lattice distortions, and the higher-order distortion scattering; calculations are presented for 50 A radius precipitates with an internal strain of -1.5%, and the sensitivity of the scattering to changes of the size and the internal strain of the precipitates is demonstrated. The possibility of using such scattering for the determination of the concentration, size distribution, and internal strain of solute precipitates is discussed.
Developmental Changes in Rat Liver Xanthine Oxidase (s) and Its Intracellular Distribution

Developmental change and subcellular distribution of xanthine oxidase in the rat liver were examined. The specific activity of the fetal liver xanthine oxidase increased sharply to the levels of the adult liver on the day of the birth. After birth, the activity dropped rapidly and on the 14th day after birth it was about 1/4 of adult level. Then the activity was regained and around 28th day after birth it was about the same as in adult level. In the livers from 80 days old rats, about 60% of total xanthine oxidase activity was found in soluble fraction and the rest was distributed among particulate fractions including microsomal, lysosomal, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions. In contrast to the adult livers 80%. of total xanthine oxidase activity in fetal liver was found to be in particulate fractions. From kinetic studies of xanthine oxidases in particulate and soluble fractions it was suggested that xanthine oxidase in soluble fraction and xanthine oxidase in particulate fraction might be different in their natures of protein molecule.
Stretching the limits of visual attention: the case of action video games

Visual attention is the set of mechanisms by which relevant visual information is selected while irrelevant information is suppressed, thus allowing the observer to function in a world made up of nearly infinite visual information. Recently, those who habitually play video games have been documented to outperform novices in a variety of visual attentional capabilities, including attention in space, in time, and to objects. Training studies have established similar improvements in groups of nongamers given experience playing these video games. Critically, not all video games seem to have such a beneficial effect on attention; it seems that fast-paced, embodied visuo-motor tasks that require divided attention (tasks commonly found in popular action games like Halo) have the greatest effect. At the core of these action video game-induced improvements appears to be a remarkable enhancement in the ability to efficiently deploy endogenous attention. The implications of such an enhancement are relevant to a variety of real-world applications, such as work force training, rehabilitation of clinical populations, and improvement of traditional educational approaches. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 222-230 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.116 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Integration of the Tritium Purification System (TPS) into TFTR operations

The TPS is a hydrogen isotope separation system put into operation within the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) tritium systems. The TPS extracts and purifies tritium from TFTR plasma exhausts, then returns it for reuse as plasma fueling. The TPS operates in two stages: separation of hydrogen isotopes from the TFTR plasma waste effluents via a Pd/Ag diffuser; and separation of hydrogen isotopes via a multi-stage cryogenic distillation system. TPS interfaces with the Gas Holding Tanks (GHTs), the Torus Cleanup System (TCS), the plant stack via the Tritiated Vent System, the Tritium Storage and Delivery System, and the Tritium Storage and Delivery Cleanup System (TSDCS). Commissioning of TPS included: operational testing at CFFTP and at Princeton, thorough helium and tritium leak checks a trial run with a limited tritium inventory (1000 Ci), and a 10000 Ci integrated systems test.
Flickr feedback framework: a service model for leveraging user interactions

It has been well documented that cultural heritage institutions can enhance their metadata by sharing content through popular web services such as Flickr. Through the Flickr Feasibility Study, the IMLS Digital Collections and Content project examined how an aggregation service can facilitate participation of cultural heritage institutions in popular web services. This poster presents a proposed feedback framework through which an aggregation service can facilitate and increase the impact of Web user interactions with shared cultural heritage collections through direct metadata enhancement and user analysis.
Constraints on sentence comprehension

The process of comprehending sentences involves the integration of a variety of different information sources, constrained by the available computational resources. This paper surveys the evidence for four types of constraints on sentence comprehension: (1) lexical constraints, (2) contextual constraints, (3) locality-based computational resource constraints, and (4) phrase-level contingent frequency constraints. These four constraints, in combination with grammatical phrase-formation information and prosody, are sufficient to explain how interpretations are constructed for sentences as they are encountered, including complexity effects in unambiguous sentences and interpretation preferences in ambiguous sentences.
Reconfigurable consistency algorithm

In this paper, we propose, present and analyze the behavior and the performance of a reconfigurable algorithm for shared objects consistency management in distributed systems. Object sharing allows nodes to concurrently/parallel access a same set of replicated objects. However, it is necessary that the nodes know when and how to do these accesses, avoiding inconsistencies in the objects state. The RCA (reconfigurable consistency algorithm) is a reconfigurable algorithm that guarantees the objects consistency. This algorithm modifies its behavior and structure according to the changes in the workload and distributed systems parameters. The paper shows that: the use of RCA generates flexibility and improves the performance in 30%, on average
Measures of Association for Cross Classifications, IV: Simplification of Asymptotic Variances

The asymptotic sampling theory discussed in our 1963 article [3] for measures of association presented in earlier articles [1, 2] turns on the derivation of asymptotic variances that may be complex and tedious in specific cases. In the present article, we simplify and unify these derivations by exploiting the expression of measures of association as ratios. Comments on the use of asymptotic variances, and on a trap in their calculation, are also given.
A scalable MMIC-compatible power HBT

A MMIC-compatible, scalable HBT, utilizing heatsinking through Au interconnects to local via-holes, is described. At 2.45 GHz, 960 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ area HBTs exhibit 34.5 dBm output power, 15.5 dB gain and 57% PAE. At 10 GHz, 600 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ HBTs have 33 dBm output, 8 dB gain, 47% PAE. Thermal impedance is reduced 40% on smaller devices, and the need for emitter ballasting is eliminated. >
Genomic Screen for Vacuolar Protein Sorting Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosynthetic sorting of hydrolases to the yeast vacuole involves transport along two distinct routes referred to as the carboxypeptidase Y and alkaline phosphatase pathways. To identify genes involved in sorting to the vacuole, we conducted a genome-wide screen of 4653 homozygous diploid gene deletion strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for missorting of carboxypeptidase Y. We identified 146 mutant strains that secreted strong-to-moderate levels of carboxypeptidase Y. Of these, only 53 of the corresponding genes had been previously implicated in vacuolar protein sorting, whereas the remaining 93 had either been identified in screens for other cellular processes or were only known as hypothetical open reading frames. Among these 93 were genes encoding: 1) the Ras-like GTP-binding proteins Arl1p and Arl3p, 2) actin-related proteins such as Arp5p and Arp6p, 3) the monensin and brefeldin A hypersensitivity proteins Mon1p and Mon2p, and 4) 15 novel proteins designated Vps61p-Vps75p. Most of the novel gene products were involved only in the carboxypeptidase Y pathway, whereas a few, including Mon1p, Mon2p, Vps61p, and Vps67p, appeared to be involved in both the carboxypeptidase Y and alkaline phosphatase pathways. Mutants lacking some of the novel gene products, including Arp5p, Arp6p, Vps64p, and Vps67p, were severely defective in secretion of mature alpha-factor. Others, such as Vps61p, Vps64p, and Vps67p, displayed defects in the actin cytoskeleton at 30 degrees C. The identification and phenotypic characterization of these novel mutants provide new insights into the mechanisms of vacuolar protein sorting, most notably the probable involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in this process.
Urinary excretion of C5b-9 is associated with the anti-angiogenic state in severe preeclampsia.

Problem Severe preeclampsia has been independently linked to complement dysregulation and angiogenic imbalance; however, the relationship between complement and angiogenic factors in human pregnancy is unclear. Method of study Utilizing existing biomarkers, our study sought to better understand this relationship in active disease. We performed a case–control study, enrolling 25 cases with severe preeclampsia, 25 controls with chronic hypertension, and 25 healthy controls without hypertension. Levels of complement components (C3a, C5a, and C5b-9) and angiogenic markers [basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)] were measured simultaneously. Results Compared to both hypertensive and non-hypertensive controls, severe preeclampsia was associated with increased plasma sFlt-1, decreased plasma VEGF and PlGF, decreased urinary PlGF, and increased urinary C5b-9. Urinary marker C5b-9 correlated strongly with the anti-angiogenic condition. In subjects with detectable urinary excretion of C5b-9, median plasma levels of sFlt-1 were significantly greater (32,029 versus 4556 pg/mL, P < 0.0001) and levels of PlGF (15.6 versus 226 pg/mL, P < 0.0001) and VEGF (119 versus 153 pg/mL, P = 0.001) were significantly lower. Conclusion More so than plasma complement markers, urinary C5b-9 may a useful measure to link complement dysregulation with angiogenic imbalance in severe preeclampsia.