cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormal neuroendocrine responses during exercise in heart transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Osmotic and neural factors stimulate neuroendocrine activity during exercise. In contrast to excitatory mechanisms, afferent information from cardiac mechanoreceptors inhibits integrative centers in the hypothalamus and medula oblongata, which serves to buffer neuroendocrine activity. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation results in the loss of afferent information from cardiac mechanoreceptors. Thus, transplantation possibly results in exaggerated neuroendocrine responses when patients are physically active. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured the neuroendocrine response to moderate and strenuous exercise performed at the same relative intensity in 11 heart transplant recipients (50 +/- 14 years old) 18 +/- 12 months after transplantation and 11 control subjects matched with respect to sex, age, and body size. Plasma levels of norepinephrine, vasopressin, renin activity, atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were measured at rest, during a maximal graded exercise test, and during submaximal exercise at 40% and 70% of peak power output on a cycle ergometer (W). Plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic peptide were elevated at rest in heart transplant recipients (p or = 0.05). Relative changes in neuroendocrine hormones were similar (p > or = 0.05) in heart transplant recipients and control during exercise at 40% of peak power output. Relative changes in plasma norepinephrine, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and plasma renin activity were greater (p CONCLUSIONS We interpret these data as a possible indication of ablation of cardiac mechanoreceptor afferents and unopposed neuroendocrine stimulation in heart transplant recipients. Furthermore, chronic neuroendocrine hyperactivity is likely in ambulatory heart transplant recipients. Although cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is implicated in the development of hypertension, our data suggest that chronic neuroendocrine hyperactivity, which alters renal volume regulation, also contributes to the incidence and severity of hypertension in heart transplant recipients.
Effect of temperature and stacking fault energy on the hardening of FCC crystals

Abstract A model to account for the temperature and stacking fault energy in the hardening of FCC metal single crystals is presented. Temperature and stacking fault energy are considered to affect primarily the cross-slip rate and the obstacle strength given by the forest dislocation. The essential experimental features are captured by the model. For high symmetry loading axes, the stress—strain curves for all temperatures show a similar initial high hardening slope, followed by a parabolic hardening. The initiation of the parabolic hardening is dictated by the temperature as shown in the experiments. For low symmetry loading, the extent of stages I and II, the hardening slope and the initiation of stage III are functions of temperature. The higher the temperature, the shorter the extent of stages I and II and the lower the hardening slope and the stress at the initiation of parabolic hardening. On the other hand, a high stacking fault energy reduces the extent of stages I and II and the levels of latent hardening, in keeping with the experimental observations.
Aerial scene recognition using efficient sparse representation

Advanced scene recognition systems for processing large volumes of high-resolution aerial image data are in great demand today. However, automated scene recognition remains a challenging problem. Efficient encoding and representation of spatial and structural patterns in the imagery are key in developing automated scene recognition algorithms. We describe an image representation approach that uses simple and computationally efficient sparse code computation to generate accurate features capable of producing excellent classification performance using linear SVM kernels. Our method exploits unlabeled low-level image feature measurements to learn a set of basis vectors. We project the low-level features onto the basis vectors and use simple soft threshold activation function to derive the sparse features. The proposed technique generates sparse features at a significantly lower computational cost than other methods [25, 27], yet it produces comparable or better classification accuracy. We apply our technique to high-resolution aerial image datasets to quantify the aerial scene classification performance. We demonstrate that the dense feature extraction and representation methods are highly effective for automatic large-facility detection on wide area high-resolution aerial imagery.
Spatial mixed binary multiplication by photon echoes

We demonstrate mixed binary multiplication of two or three numbers represented as spatial bit patterns by using a backward stimulated photon echo in a low-temperature solid activated by rare-earth ions. The photon-echo output image is the convolution–correlation of input images in a holographic arrangement, which can be interpreted as multiplication in a mixed binary format. The computation is extremely fast (~ 50 ns) and may be combined with temporal data processing for a versatile vector and matrix processor.
Hydrogen Absorption in Iron Exposed to Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions

Abstract Safe cathodic protection (CP) limits are required for prestressed steel in concrete to avoid the risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). A CP protection potential more positive than the rever...
The relationship of socio-environmental factors to the prevalence of obstructive lung diseases and other chronic conditions☆

Abstract Socio-environmental factors have been studied in relation to the prevalence of obstructive lung problems and other chronic conditions. The primary findings are that education and income were inversely related to these conditions, even after controlling for sex, age, and smoking. In addition, marital status had a complex relationship with these chronic diseases. Social mobility, residential mobility, crowding, and other housing factors had inconsistent and usually non-significant associations with lung problems.
Purified Mammalian HSP-70 kDa Activates Phosphoprotein Phosphatases in Vitro

Abstract We have examined protein phosphorylation in the presence of purified mammalian HSP-70 kDa using the phosphoproteins in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system as a model. Purified HSP-70 added to the rabbit reticulocyte lysate decreased the general proteinphosphorylation by 50-80% as measured by PAGE analysis of proteins labelled with γ-( 32 P)-ATP. Reduction in protein phosphorylation was not due to the ATPase activity of HSP-70 as measured by thin layer chromatography. The reduction in protein phosphorylation was also not due to the reduced activities of the protein kinases. However, using ( 32 P)-labelled phosphorylase-α as a substrate in the phosphatase assay system indicated increases in the activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1)and/or 2A(PP-2A) by 20-40% relative to control in the presence of increasing concentrations of HSP-70. Using a variety of activators and inhibitors of the the two major protein phosphatases, PP-1 and PP-2A, we found that Mn 2+ caused a similar pattern of dephosphorylation of proteins as measured by PAGE analysis. Both okadaic acid and microcystin, two protein phosphatase inhibitors, largely counteracted the HSP-70 effect as measured by gel electrophoresis or when ( 32 P)-labelled phosphorylase-α was used as a substrate.We conclude that in this system HSP-70 activates specific protein phosphatases.
Phase development in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy system: Effects of oxygen pressure

Abstract Studies have been undertaken using thermal analysis, in conjunction with high-temperature and room temperature X-ray diffraction, fraction, to elucidate phase relationships during thermal processing of thick films of initially phase pure Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (2212) on silver substrates in various oxygen-containing atmospheres (0.001 to 100% O2). Exothermic events on cooling at 10°C/min from a partially liquid state vary with oxygen partial pressure and can be grouped into three sets (I–III). Set I is prominent for 0.001% and 0.1% O2 in the range of 740–775°C and is believed to be associated with the crystallization of a Cu-free ∼ Bi5Sr3Ca1 oxide phase. Set II results from the crystallization of 2212; it is observed for p(O2)≥1.0% in the temperature range 800–870°C. Set III appears for 21% and 100% O2 in the temperature range 880–910°C, and its origin is not clear from the results of this study. Subsequent room temperature X-ray diffraction from these samples suggests that in general high oxygen partial pressures (100% O2) tend to favor the formation of Bi2Sr2CuO6 (2201), whereas low oxygen partial pressures (0.001-0.1% O2) lead to the formation of a Cu-free, Bi-Sr-Ca oxide phase. The 2212 phase forms at this cooling rate predominantly for intermediate oxygen partial pressures (7.6–21% O2). High-temperature X-ray diffraction during cooling (2°C/h) from the partially liquid state shows a pronounced dependence of the order of evolution of crystalline 2212 and 2201 phases on p(O2). For an oxygen partial pressure of 1.0% the formation of 2212 precedes that of 2201, whereas for 0.01% O2 2201 crystallizes at a higher temperature than 2212. The implications of these results pertaining to thermal processing of thick 2212 films are discussed.
Easing selenocysteine into proteins.

Selenocysteinyl-tRNASec is used by many organisms from all three domains of life to incorporate selenocysteine (Sec) site-specifically into certain proteins. Two recent reports have identified a new Sec synthase that catalyzes the last step in the generation of this aminoacyl-tRNA in eukarya and archaea.
DNA sequence assembly

The Human Genome Project is developing a complete representation of the information underlying human genetic make-up, as well as the genetic make-up of several other species that are either important for comparative scientific understanding, relied on for progress in human medicine, or of direct industrial or agricultural interest. It is widely held that DNA sequencing throughput will have to be increased by orders of magnitude to complete the task in the time frame of 15 years that was laid out for the Human Genome Project, and that such dramatic increases will rely in large part on automating the several experimental and interpretive steps involved in DNA sequencing. The authors focus here on the challenges associated with developing algorithms and software tools for automating the assembly of the DNA pieces to reconstruct the original sequence. >
Utilitarian Emotions: Suggestions from Introspection:

In folk psychology and some academic psychology, utilitarian thinking is associated with coldness and deontological thinking is associated with emotion. I suggest, mostly through personal examples,...
Meta-analysis of hemorrhagic complications from ventriculostomy placement by neurosurgeons.

BACKGROUND Ventriculostomy placement is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool for neurosurgeons. Multiple authors have presented retrospective series of patients evaluating periprocedure hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE We performed a meta-analysis of existing studies to determine a more accurate rate of hemorrhage. METHODS A MEDLINE and PubMed search was performed to find all studies of 25 or more patients conducted since 1970 that found a hemorrhagic complication rate from placement of a ventriculostomy. Studies in which a non-neurosurgeon placed the ventriculostomy and studies involving premature infants were excluded. RESULTS Sixteen studies were used to obtain data from 2428 ventriculostomy procedures. Hemorrhage was found after 203 procedures, and 52 of these hemorrhages were deemed significant by the authors. The cumulative rate of hemorrhage was 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 4.5%-9.4%), with P < .05. The cumulative rate of significant hemorrhage was 0.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.2%-1.4%) with P < .05. CONCLUSION Based on our meta-analysis, the overall hemorrhagic complication rate from ventriculostomy placement by neurosurgeons is approximately 7%. The rate of significant hemorrhage from ventriculostomy placement is approximately 0.8%. Further prospective studies are warranted to better address this question.
Hemoglobin polymorphism in Microtus pennsylvanicus.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemoglobins of two subspecies of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus have been compared. 2. 2. A subspecies, M. p. pullatus , from Montana was found to have two hemoglobins in contrast to the one in the Alaskan subspecies M. p. tananaensis . 3. 3. The major component from M. p. pullatus is very similar but probably not identical to the single hemoglobin in M. p. tananaensis .
Measurement of K−+p → K∗ + nucleon; calculation of K∗ nucleon cross section

Abstract The total and differential production cross sections of K∗− and K ∗o have been evaluated for 2.0 and 2.24 GeV/c beam momentum K−p collisions. With an application of the optical model, the elastic scattering cross section and total cross section for the systems K∗−p and K ∗o n have been computed.
Fabrication and testing of a microdynamic rotor for blood flow measurements

Flow studies have been conducted, in vitro, on prototype microfabricated blood flow sensors. The envisioned measurement principle is the detection of the rotation of a micromachined polysilicon rotor of diameter 300 mu m. Repeatable rotation rates as a function of media velocity were obtained for both nitrogen and water. Fluid flow asymmetries, necessary to produce a torque on the rotor, were created by integrating a 2 mu m thick polysilicon cap over half the rotor. Blade deflection, due to intrinsic stress in the polysilicon films, was eliminated by thermal annealing. This allows the rotor, 2 mu m thick, to rotate in the 7 mu m gap between the substrate and the polysilicon cap. Operation of the device in heparinized dog blood resulted in considerable numbers of erythrocytes sticking to the polysilicon elements.
Electronic theses and dissertations: Differences in behavior for local and non-local users

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine two research questions: first, How do users in different locations find Auburn University Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)? Second, do users in different locations interact differently with the collection and, if so, how? Design/methodology/approach – Google Analytics data for user visits, landing pages, and page views were separated into groups based on user location. Visits data were also correlated with source (referring web site), and landing pages and page views were grouped by type. Findings – Most local users came to the repository via Auburn University web pages. This group usually landed on the collection home page and used internal navigation pages to find what they needed. Submission page views showed that most ETD depositors were local. Most out-of-state users came to the repository via web search engines. This group usually landed directly on bibliographic information pages for individual ETDs. They used internal navigation pages less frequently than local users. Users located within the state but outside of the local area interacted with the collection in a way that was intermediate between these two groups. Practical implications – Institutions interested in improving repository access for depositors will probably find it helpful to focus on in-state usage reports, while institutions seeking to improve access for end-users should exclude in-state users from their assessments. Originality/value – This is the first detailed examination of ETDs usage published since 2001 and shows how filtering tools available in Google Analytics allow comparisons of user behavior based on location and source (referring web site).
190 MeV proton-induced symmetric and asymmetric fission

Proton-induced fission (${E}_{\mathrm{p}}=190$ MeV) has been studied for uranium and selected nuclei, $140\ensuremath{\lesssim}A\ensuremath{\lesssim}200$. Analysis of coincident-fragment energies suggests highly asymmetric fission near $A=140$, even in the presence of relatively high fission barriers. The data have been compared with statistical-model fission calculations modified to include precompound nucleon emission. The data can be reproduced using standard fission-barrier and level-density parameters.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Fission, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{U}$, $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, $^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$, $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Ce}(\mathrm{p}, f)$. $E=190$ MeV; measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{f}$ (90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), angular correlations, coincident fragment energies. Deduced mass division, total kinetic energy release, fission cross sections; compared with statistical-model fission calculations.
Concomitant Reconstruction of Infrarenal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava After En Bloc Resection of Retroperitoneal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Adult paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) with invasion of the retroperitoneum and involvement of the infrarenal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare. We describe a 23-year-old male diagnosed with PRMS in 2008, previously treated with right orchiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation, who presented with new onset of lower back pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 4.8 × 4.2 cm mass involving both the infrarenal aorta and the IVC. We resected the tumor en bloc with in situ reconstruction of the aorta utilizing a Dacron graft and the IVC with a bovine pericardium roll graft. His postoperative period was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 6 in stable condition. At 2-month follow-up, the patient recovered well from the surgery, patent grafts on CT scan with no clinical signs of lower extremity ischemia or edema, and he continues to receive cycles of chemotherapy.
Culture and Congruence: The Fit Between Management Practices and National Culture

The financial performance of European and Asian work units of one multinational company is examined as a function of the congruence between management practices and national culture. Using Hofstede's five national culture dimensions and analogous management practices, we find that work unit financial performance is higher when management practices in the work unit are congruent with the national culture.
$\Lambda$ Production From Anti-proton Annihilation in Nuclei

Abstract The lambda particle production in p -nucleus annihilation is estimated due to multiple interactions of p and interactions of the secondary particles produced in the annihilation. For the p -Ta reaction one finds a cross section of ≈ 122 mb, compared with the experimentally measured value of ≈ 193 mb.
Improved bandwidth performance of large Ka band slot arrays for space based interferometric systems

This paper reports on our investigations on large Ka band slot arrays for space based interferometric systems. Prior work has shown that manufacturing tolerances pose challenges to achieving the required performance of arrays made up of resonant elements. Array architectures that provide improved bandwidth for return loss and good pattern performance, and hence less sensitivity to manufacturing tolerance, are presented.
Immunosuppressive Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β: Inhibition of the Induction of Ia Antigen on Langerhans Cells by Cytokines and the Contact Hypersensitivity Response

Abstract Recent reports show that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β exerts a variety of immunosuppressive activities. The present study focuses on the effects of TGF-β1 on expression of Ia antigen by Langerhans cells. Although TGF-β1, in concentrations from 0.001 to 100 μg/ml, has no effect on constitutive expression of Ia antigen on these cells, the in vitro up-regulation of Ia antigen on the surface of LC by interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-3, and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor is inhibited by the concommitant addition of 1 μg/ml TGF-β1. In contrast, TGF-β1 has no effect on the up-regulation induced by IL-2 or IL-6. In this report, the activity of TGF-β closely resembles that of Cyclosporine A (CsA). Similar results are seen in vivo when either TGF-β1 (5 μg, intraperitoneally [ip], daily on days 0–3) or CsA (1 mg, subcutaneously [sc], twice daily on days 0–3) are given together with IL-2 (500 U, intraperitoneally [ip], twice daily on days 1–3) or interferon-γ (4,000 U, ip, twice daily on days 1–3). Given the important role of Ia expression in cell-mediated immune reactions, the effect of TGF-β on contact sensitivity was next investigated. In doses of 5 μg, ip, daily on days 6–8, TGF-β inhibits the expression of contact reactivity in animals sensitized on day 0 and challenged on day 7. In contrast, no effect is observed on the induction of contact sensitivity in mice given TGF-β1 on days −1 to 2, sensitized on day 0, and challenged on day 7. The possible importance of antagonism between TGF-β and other cytokines, especially IFN-γ, involved in the elicitation of contact hypersensitivity reactions is discussed.
Biochemical systems theory and metabolic control theory: 2. the role of summation and connectivity relationships

Abstract Perhaps the major obstacle to recognizing the relatedness of Biochemical Systems Theory (BST) and a subsequently developed approach some have called Metabolic Control Theory (MCT) is the summation and connectivity relationships. These are the most visible and central features of the MCT approach to the understanding of intact biochemical systems, whereas in the BST approach they appear to be invisible and peripheral. Generalized versions of these relationships are shown to be inherent to BST, and it is shown how their role differs from that within MCT. The significance of summation and connectivity relationships is shown to be historical and secondary in the sense that one can understand fully the integrated behavior of complex biochemical systems in steady state with BST and never explicitly invoke these relationships. It also is shown that the summation and connectivity relationships in MCT have inherent limitations that make them inadequate as the basis for a general theory of biochemical systems. The results in this paper, together with those in the previous paper, clearly demonstrate that MCT is a special case of BST.
Another quality assurance issue--amended reports: what do we really know about them?

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) of 1988 requires that if a cytology/histology discrepancy is discovered which is significant and affects patient care, an amended report should be issued (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, Fed Reg 1992;57:7169). Since little is known about such amended reports, a survey was developed to assess how individuals handle discrepancies. The Quality Assurance Task Force from the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology created a survey to assess these methods and sent it to all of their members. Fifty-one individuals responded to the survey. Methods vary widely among institutions. On average, 107 cytologic/histologic correlations are performed each month with the discovery of approximately 2 major and 11 minor discrepancies. Thirty-nine responders utilize written amended reports and telephone clinicians when a major discrepancy is found. Thirty-eight individuals indicated that their place of employment has a written policy concerning discrepancies. Time spent in quality assurance issues averaged 8 hr per wk for cytotechnologists and 3 hr per wk for pathologists. Although amended reports are required when significant discrepancies are revealed, a standard practice does not exist. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:67–70. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Structure, phase separation and Li dynamics in sol–gel-derived Li1 + xAlxGe2 − x(PO4)3

Abstract In our study, various fast lithium-ion conductors of composition Li 1 + x Al x Ge 2 − x P 3 O 12 (LAGP, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) have been synthesized following a sol–gel process with subsequent annealing. For the annealed, crystallized samples, the subtle structural changes upon exchange of Ge 4 + for Al 3 + and Li + in LiGe 2 P 3 O 12 were followed employing X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR. Among the samples studied, Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ge 1.6 P 3 O 12 ( x = 0.4) shows the highest Li mobility at room temperature with an activation energy of approx. 30 kJ mol − 1 . Employing heteronuclear dipolar NMR techniques, i.e., 27 Al{ 31 P}-REDOR NMR and 31 P{ 27 Al}-REAPDOR NMR, allowed us to clearly assign the different 31 P-MAS-NMR signals to P(OAl) n (OGe) 4 − n species with 0 ≤ n ≤ 3 and to show that the tetrahedrally coordinated Al is incorporated in an extra AlPO 4 phase, thus not participating in the NASICON structure. For Al-rich samples with x ≥ 0.7, apart from crystalline impurity phases such as AlPO 4 , Li 4 P 2 O 7 and GeO 2 , an additional phase Li 9 Al 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is observed, which replaces the LAGP phase as the dominant phase for x > 1.0, giving rise to a compositional limit of Al content as x ≈ 0.6 in LAGP by the sol–gel route. In addition, the effect of the annealing temperature on the nature of the resulting phases was examined.
Seasonal changes in gonadal activity and the effects of stress on reproductive hormones in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina

The seasonal gonadal cycle (including gonadal histology, sex steroids, and gonadotropins) was studied in freshly captured common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, from Wisconsin, and the effects of capture stress were evaluated. The ovarian and testicular cycles are shorter than those reported in other freshwater turtles; the cycles commence in mid-May and terminate in early September, immediately after the completion of gonadal growth and maturation. In the female, testosterone (T), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (Pro) were highly correlated with follicular growth and vitellogenesis. Ovulation in captivity and under natural conditions occurred after mid-May. In captivity, ovulation was a rapid process (24-48 hr); as the follicles descended into the uterine horns there was a significant increase in E2 and Pro and eggs were retained in the uterine horns for about 2 weeks before oviposition. In the male, T was significantly correlated with testicular growth and spermiation. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) reached significantly higher levels (P < 0.01) in males (8.99 +/- 0.38 ng/ml) than in females (2.66 +/- 0.22 ng/ml), but luteinizing hormone was undetectable in both sexes. FSH was not correlated with the steroids in either sex. Sex steroids and FSH began to rise before spermiation and vitellogenesis and remained elevated until completion of gonadal growth and maturation. Leydig cells, the main source of plasma androgen in this species, became active shortly after emergence from hibernation and remained steroidogenically active for the rest of the cycle. Sertoli cells became active only after spermatogenesis was under way but also stayed active for the rest of the summer. Courtship and mating behaviors were observed in spring, summer, and fall. The snapping turtle is strictly aquatic with no basking behavior and limited behavioral thermoregulation so there is little daily fluctuation in body temperature. Environmental correlates indicate that the snapping turtle is temperature dependent: recrudesence occurs with a slight increase in water temperature during spring and early summer, while a dramatic drop in gonadal activity accompanies a slight decrease in temperature in fall. Changes in temperature may underlie changes in gonadal activity in the face of relatively stable FSH. Male turtles subjected to captivity and periodic blood sampling show a significant decline in T. The hormonal levels continued to decline whether the turtles are exposed to optimum or extreme temperatures. However, there is more rapid decline in T values in animals with regressed testes (June) than in those with well-developed testes (July). Male and female turtles kept in captivity at different phases of the cycle exhibit different patterns and degrees of response to stress, possibly related to the hormonal levels and the condition of the gonads.
Delay to major-street through vehicles due to right-turn activity

Abstract This paper describes a model for predicting the delays to major-street through drivers due to vehicles turning right from the outside through traffic lane on the major street. The accuracy of this model was verified with results reported in the literature and with a widely-used microscopic traffic simulation model. A sensitivity analysis using the model indicated that through vehicle delays due to right-turn activity may typically range from 0.0 to 6.0s vehicle−1. This delay increased with increasing flow rate in the outside lane, increasing major-street speed, an increase in the portion of right-turns, or a decrease in the right-turn speed. A case is made that, while the average delay to through vehicles may be relatively small, the total delay incurred by the through stream can be quite large. In the context of improving overall operations at an unsignalized intersection, it may be appropriate to consider first those geometric improvements that could reduce rightturn-related delays to the major-street through movement.
A Century of Social Work in Criminal Justice and Correctional Settings

Throughout the 20th century, forensic social workers have been on the front lines completing pre-sentence reports, risk assessments, mental health and substance abuse counseling, group therapy, community outreach, and social service and employment advocacy for juvenile delinquents, adult offenders, and sexual assault and domestic violence victims. This article bridges the past to the present in terms of social work policies and practices in the criminal justice system. The point of departure is the founding of the first juvenile court in 1899 in Cook County, Illinois. This article examines signifi cant federal funding initiatives which have benefited youths, adult offenders, and crime victims. Emphasis is placed on the emerging role of forensic social workers in probation departments, law enforcement agencies, state and fed eral correctional facilities, addiction treatment programs, and domestic violence programs.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of wheat grain proteins reveals differential effects of silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes in transgenic lines

Abstract Novel wheat lines with altered flour compositions can be used to decipher the roles of specific gluten proteins in flour quality. Grain proteins from transgenic wheat lines in which genes encoding the omega-5 gliadins were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) were analyzed by quantitative 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The precise effects of the genetic modifications on the proteome were assessed in four homozygous lines generated with the same RNAi construct. Two of the lines showed >80% decreases in omega-5 gliadins with only small changes in the levels of other gluten proteins. In the other two lines, omega-5 gliadins were not detectable by 2-DE. However, there were notable reductions in all omega-1,2 gliadins. Small decreases in several other gluten proteins were also detected in one of the lines. The other line showed notable decreases in three HMW-GS and an s-type LMW-GS, increases in two m-type LMW-GS and several alpha gliadins, as well as increases in both serpins and triticin. The study demonstrates that the same RNAi construct can have differential effects on the wheat grain proteome and highlights the importance of detailed proteomic analyses of transgenic grain prior to selecting lines for further assessment of flour quality and allergenic potential.
A theory-based computer mediated communication intervention to promote mental health and reduce high-risk behaviors in the LGBT population

Abstract The Healthy People 2020 (2012) report has identified that isolation, lack of social services, and a shortage of culturally competent providers serve as barriers to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals who have HIV/AIDS. Self-transcendence theory proposes that individuals who face increased vulnerability or mortality may acquire an increased capacity for self-transcendence and its positive influence on mental health and well-being. The use of technology-enabled social and community support and group interventions through computer mediated self-help (CMSH) with LGBT individuals may help meet mental health needs of this group, and support healthy lifestyle practices. This article presents an overview of steps taken to propose a theory-based CMSH intervention for testing in research and eventual application in practice.
Arterial baroreceptor responses to intraaortic balloon assistance.

Abstract Alteration in arterial baroreceptor output (BRO) by intraaortic balloon assistance (IABA) was studied in acute experiments in normal dogs. Baroreceptor impulses originating in the aortic arch and in the carotid sinus were recorded. Without balloon assistance a single BRO volley accompanies each pulse wave. IABA produced two sharply delineated BRO volleys, one caused by left ventricular ejection and the other by diastolic pressure augmentation. Although BRO during cardiac systole fell, the addition of a second BRO volley during balloon inflation in diastole led to a net increase in BRO. The magnitude of BRO in each phase responded to changes in balloon inflation pressure and in timing of events. As expected from the known rate sensitivity of baroreceptors, the electroneurographic wave form correlated poorly with simultaneous pressure wave forms. When recorded simultaneously, BRO from aortic arch and carotid sinus baroreceptors responded similarly to IABA. The marked alterations of BRO observed in this study emphasize the need to consider system factors in the design and operation of mechanical circulatory devices; induced neurohumoral responses are likely to contribute significantly to the final therapeutic result.
The gas pedal and the brake … toward a global balance of diverging cultural determinants in managerial mindsets

Is the American culturally driven inclination for short-term results and constant change coupled with a focus on the individual as opposed to the group influencing the way transnational corporate business is conducted? Such an issue is raised via an introduction to cultural determinants as theorized by the underlying research of Hofstede, Tromprenaars, and Hampden-Turrner regarding time orientation as well as the contrasting of American and foreign value systems in respect to change acceptance as driven by the culturally limiting national mind set of the company manager. Using global, publicly traded companies and the pressure on them for quarterly performance attainment as fueled by the Street, financial analysts, the effect of the American culturally driven need to continually show financial progress at abbreviated intervals or provide for some pronounced judicious changes in the interim may have begun to spiral out to managerial decision making around the world. Such phenomenon may begin to upset the historic balance that the polar culturally based applications of time, change, and decision making provided the historic global commercial environment. Such proposed effect could also influence traditional worldwide economic and social development. This concept is raised but not empirically answered, and is offered to stimulate further evaluation and research into the potential conflict in international decision making when opposite mindsets collide. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase immunoreactivity in benign and malignant breast tissue

GGT 129, a polyclonal antibody directed against gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), was used to study GGT expression in formalin-fixedparaffin-embedded tissues from normal breast, 24 benign lesions, 27 in situcarcinomas or atypical hyperplasias, and 79 infiltrating mammary carcinomas.Epithelium of the ducts and ductules in normal breast tissue showedimmunoreactivity along the apical surface. There was a strong correlation (P< 0.01) between the histologic classification of the tissue and GGTexpression. All of the benign breast lesions stained positive for GGT. Amongin situ carcinomas and atypical hyperplasias, 5/27 (19%) werenegative for GGT while 22/27 were immunopositive. Infiltrating carcinomasshowed the greatest deviation from normal tissue with 23/79 (29%)negative for GGT. GGT expression in benign and malignant breast tissue wasnot correlated with the age of the patient, suggesting that menopausalstatus does not influence expression of GGT. Correlation of GGTimmunoreactivity with tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses,grade, size of tumor, lymph node status, and ER/PR status was performed for69 cases of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma. There were no statisticallysignificant relationships between the level of GGT immunoreactivity and anyof the parameters. The loss of GGT in some of the cases is evidence thatthis enzyme is not required for mammary tumor development or maintenance.However, as GGT is a component of the pathways that metabolize glutathioneand glutathione-conjugates, the difference in levels of the enzyme ininvasive breast cancers may be one explanation for the variation inchemotherapy response that has been observed in patients treated foradvanced mammary cancer.
National security challenges and competition: Defense and space R&D in the Chinese strategic context

Abstract Over the nearly six decades since the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established, the United States and China have followed very different political, military, and economic development paths. Yet, the approach each country is currently pursuing to enhance its military and commercial technology development, particularly in the defense and space areas, is becoming remarkably similar in many respects. This article outlines China's past and present strategies for developing defense and space capabilities, Beijing's phased approach to defense industrial and space R&D, and compares and contrasts these R&D efforts with the American approach. The article concludes with an assessment of the prospects for future US–China competition and/or cooperation in the realm of defense and space R&D.
Phosphate wasting and fibroblast growth factor-23.

Purpose of review The purpose of this study is to review the regulation of phosphate and recent progress in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a key phosphate regulatory hormone. Recent findings Phosphate is required for mineralization of bone, muscle strength and a host of biologic functions. Phosphate is sensed by bone that responds with secretion of FGF-23. The major action of FGF-23 is to stimulate phosphaturia. Feedback loops between FGF-23, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone maintain phosphate homeostasis. Information about FGF-23 has accumulated from studies in patients with oncogenic osteomalacia and inherited disorders of phosphate wasting rickets that explains the pathophysiology. Exciting new discoveries have highlighted FGF-23 as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. The phosphate sensor triggering FGF-23 production remains to be identified. Summary Derangements in FGF-23 production, half-life or downstream response are responsible for several disorders of phosphate wasting, rickets and oncogenic osteomalacia. Very high levels of FGF-23 in renal failure are an independent risk for cardiovascular disease.
Hierarchical Transformation of Space in the Visual System

Neurons encoding simple visual features in area V1 such as orientation, direction of motion and color are organized in retinotopic maps. However, recent physiological experiments have shown that the responses of many neurons in V1 and other cortical areas are modulated by the direction of gaze. We have developed a neural network model of the visual cortex to explore the hypothesis that visual features are encoded in head-centered coordinates at early stages of visual processing. New experiments are suggested for testing this hypothesis using electrical stimulations and psychophysical observations.
A novel large area color LCD backlight system

The authors describe a field sequential color system in which video information for each primary color is loaded into the liquid crystal array, one complete color field at a time. The liquid crystal cells will synchronously modulate the light from a corresponding temporally sequenced three-color light source. With a high enough sequencing rate, a view can see a full color image with a color gamut that is limited by the chromaticity coordinates of the three-color light sources. There is no light attenuation resulting from the presence of a filter, and each picture element corresponds to a single liquid crystal cell instead of a group of three or more cells which form a color filter pixel. This display thus features much higher brightness and resolution than a color filter liquid crystal display for a given power input and display size. Experiments on this novel concept are described. >
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Attenuates Brain Injury and Neurological Deficits in a Rat Model of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) overproduction and activation of the TGF-β pathway are associated with the development of brain injury following germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in premature infants. We examined the effects of GMH on the level of TGF-β1 in a novel rat collagenase-induced GMH model and determined the effect of inhibition of the TGF receptor I. Methods—In total, 92 seven-day old (P7) rats were used. Time-dependent effects of GMH on the level of TGF-β1 and TGF receptor I were evaluated by Western blot. A TGF receptor I inhibitor (SD208) was administered daily for 3 days, starting either 1 hour or 3 days after GMH induction. The effects of GMH and SD208 on the TGF-β pathway were evaluated by Western blot at day 3. The effects of GMH and SD208 on cognitive and motor function were also assessed. The effects of TGF receptor I inhibition by SD208 on GMH-induced brain injury and underlying molecular pathways were investigated by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and mor...
How accurate is magnetic resonance imaging of brain function

Since it was introduced a decade ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has come to dominate research on the human brain. However, fMRI maps are based on secondary metabolic and hemodynamic events that follow neuronal activity, and not on the electrical activity itself. Therefore, the representation provided by fMRI cannot be assumed a priori to be exact. The accuracy of these maps depends on the spatial extent of the metabolic and hemodynamic changes induced by neuronal activity, and the role played by the vasculature in converting these changes to signals detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Significant progress has been made in both areas, suggesting that it is possible to obtain both spatially accurate and quantitative data on brain function from magnetic resonance methodologies.
Other Psychiatric Syndromes: Adjustment Disorder, Factitious Disorder, Illicit Steroid Abuse, and Cultural Syndromes

Standard psychiatric textbooks frequently omit less common but important clinical topics related to a medical model view of psychiatry. This chapter covers four such additional topics: adjustment disorder, factitious disorder, psychiatric effects of illicit anabolic steroid abuse, and special psychiatric syndromes identified by eponyms or cultural ties.
Self‐Assembled DNA Nanoclews for the Efficient Delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 for Genome Editing

CRISPR-Cas9 represents a promising platform for genome editing, yet means for its safe and efficient delivery remain to be fully realized. A novel vehicle that simultaneously delivers the Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) is based on DNA nanoclews, yarn-like DNA nanoparticles that are synthesized by rolling circle amplification. The biologically inspired vehicles were efficiently loaded with Cas9/sgRNA complexes and delivered the complexes to the nuclei of human cells, thus enabling targeted gene disruption while maintaining cell viability. Editing was most efficient when the DNA nanoclew sequence and the sgRNA guide sequence were partially complementary, offering a design rule for enhancing delivery. Overall, this strategy provides a versatile method that could be adapted for delivering other DNA-binding proteins or functional nucleic acids.
Sorption of oxyanions by surfactant : Modified zeolite

ABSTRACT Zeolite has high internal and external surface areas and high internal and external cation exchange capacities suitable for surface modification by cationic surfactants. When the initial surfactant concentration is less than the critical micelle concentration, the sorted surfactant molecules primarily form a monolayer. Limited chromate sorption indicates that patchy bilayer may also form. When the initial surfactant concentration is greater than the critical micelle concentration and enough surfactant exists in the system, the sorbed surfactant molecules form bilayers, producing maximum chromate sorption. On a meq/kg basis, planar nitrate sorbs more on surfactant-modified zeolite surfaces than tetrahedral chromate. In the presence of sulfate or nitrate, chromate sorption is hindered due to competition for sorption sites. Quantitative sorption of nitrate and chromate and desorption of bromide indicate that the sorption of oxyanions is primarily due to surface anion exchange.
Further evidence that arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in the human sometimes is caused by an intrauterine vascular accident.

A 7 1/2-year-old girl with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita of the amyoplasia type in association with intestinal atresias, gastroschisis, Mobius anomaly, and hypoplasia of the pectoral, biceps, and deltoid muscles is described. Several combinations of these birth defects have been previously described. There is considerable evidence that gastroschisis, intestinal atresia, Poland sequence, and Mobius anomaly each has a vascular pathogenesis. Based on the associations seen in this child and past reports of more limited, similar cooccurrences, we suggest that arthrogryposis multiplex congenita may sometimes be caused by an intrauterine vascular catastrophe.
Evaluation of common RF coil setups for MR imaging at ultrahigh magnetic field: a numerical study

This study is an evaluation of the ratio of electric field to magnetic field (E/B1), specific absorption rate (SAR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) generated by three different RF transceiver coil setups: surface coil, surface coil with shielding, and microstrip using a finite discrete time domain (FDTD) simulation in the presence of a head phantom. One of our main focuses in this study is to better understand coil designs that would improve patient safety at high fields by studying a coil type that may potentially minimize SAR while examining potential changes in SNR. In the presence of a human head load, the microstrip's E/B1 ratio was on average smallest while its SAR was also on average smallest of the three setups, suggesting the microstrip may be a better RF coil choice for MRI concerning patient safety and parallel excitation applications than the other two coils. In addition, the study suggests that the microstrip also has a higher SNR compared with the other two coils demonstrating the possibility that the microstrip could lead to higher quality MRI images.
Correction: Polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers for electrochemical energy

Correction for ‘Polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers for electrochemical energy’ by Kelly M. Meek et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5ta07170d.
Treatment of hepatitis C in a pediatric patient using simeprevir and sofosbuvir immediately after an umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Treatment of hepatitis C in a pediatric patient using simeprevir and sofosbuvir immediately after an umbilical cord blood transplantation