cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Directed propulsion of spherical particles along three dimensional helical trajectories

Active colloids are a class of microparticles that ‘swim’ through fluids by breaking the symmetry of the force distribution on their surfaces. Our ability to direct these particles along complex trajectories in three-dimensional (3D) space requires strategies to encode the desired forces and torques at the single particle level. Here, we show that spherical colloids with metal patches of low symmetry self-propel along non-linear 3D trajectories when powered remotely by an alternating current (AC) electric field. In particular, particles with triangular patches of approximate mirror symmetry trace helical paths along the axis of the field. We demonstrate that the speed and shape of the particle’s trajectory can be tuned by the applied field strength and the patch geometry. We show that helical motion can enhance particle transport through porous materials with implications for the design of microrobots that can navigate complex environments. The development of functional microrobots calls for new strategies to design locomotion facilitating navigation through complex environments. Here, Lee et al. show how to realize and program helical motion in three dimensions using patchy microspheres under an alternating current electric field.
A test of the interpersonal theory of suicide in college students.

Abstract Background The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability together interact to increase risk for lethal self-injury. Despite the prominence of this theoretical model, few studies have directly tested the three-way interaction central to the theory, with mixed findings reported in studies to date. The objective of this study was to test the theorized three-way interaction in relation to suicidal behaviors in a large sample of college students. Methods Undergraduate students were recruited from two universities (N = 1,686; ages 18–29; 64.5% female). Participants completed measures of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-25), fearlessness about death (Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness About Death), and suicidal behaviors (Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised). Results Multiple linear regression was used to test the three-way interaction among burdensomeness, belongingness, and fearlessness about death on suicidal behaviors. Controlling for sex and depressive symptoms, results indicated the presence of a significant three-way interaction. The interaction was probed by dichotomizing burdensomeness at high and low values. There was a significant two-way interaction at high burdensomeness such that low belongingness was only related to suicidal behavior at high levels of fearlessness about death. Limitations The study is cross-sectional and uses a composite measure of suicidal behaviors. Conclusions This study adds to a small but growing body of research testing the three-way interaction among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and capability for suicide in relation to suicidal behaviors. Longitudinal studies using measures that distinguish between suicidal ideation and suicide attempt within the ideation-to-action framework are needed.
Determinants of consumers’ choices in hotel online searches: A comparison of consideration and booking stages

Abstract Using a stated choice experiment, this study uncovers how hotel review- and price-related attributes affect consumers’ formation of consideration sets and hotel bookings based on online search results alongside a two-stage model of consideration and choice. Empirical findings indicate that consumers’ evaluations of certain attributes vary across these stages. During the consideration stage, the listed hotel price, promotional discount, overall rating, review volume, and booking popularity are significant attributes for prospective guests, whereas price disparities across websites are not. Insignificant interaction effects among these determinants imply that in this stage, consumers employ fast-frugal heuristics and a noncompensatory strategy. During the booking stage, listed price, promotional discount, overall rating, and review volume inform consumers’ booking decisions. Furthermore, the interaction effects point to consumers’ adoption of a compensatory strategy in making a final booking decision. Finally, this study concludes with implications for hotel pricing and system optimization of online platforms.
County Jail Incarceration Rates and County Mortality Rates in the United States, 1987-2016.

Objectives. To evaluate the relationship between changes in county jail incarceration rates and subsequent county mortality rates across the United States.Methods. We analyzed county jail incarcera...
Microbiota-immune interactions: from gut to brain

The vast diversity of bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract strongly influence host physiology, not only nutrient metabolism but also immune system development and function. The complexi...
Precision Health–Enabled Machine Learning to Identify Need for Wraparound Social Services Using Patient- and Population-Level Data Sets: Algorithm Development and Validation

Background: Emerging interest in precision health and the increasing availability of patient- and population-level data sets present considerable potential to enable analytical approaches to identify and mitigate the negative effects of social factors on health. These issues are not satisfactorily addressed in typical medical care encounters, and thus, opportunities to improve health outcomes, reduce costs, and improve coordination of care are not realized. Furthermore, methodological expertise on the use of varied patient- and population-level data sets and machine learning to predict need for supplemental services is limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to leverage a comprehensive range of clinical, behavioral, social risk, and social determinants of health factors in order to develop decision models capable of identifying patients in need of various wraparound social services. Methods: We used comprehensive patient- and population-level data sets to build decision models capable of predicting need for behavioral health, dietitian, social work, or other social service referrals within a safety-net health system using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, precision, F1 score, and specificity. We also evaluated the value of population-level social determinants of health data sets in improving machine learning performance of the models. Results: Decision models for each wraparound service demonstrated performance measures ranging between 59.2%% and 99.3%. These results were statistically superior to the performance measures demonstrated by our previous models which used a limited data set and whose performance measures ranged from 38.2% to 88.3% (behavioural health: F1 score P<.001, AUROC P=.01; social work: F1 score P<.001, AUROC P=.03; dietitian: F1 score P=.001, AUROC P=.001; other: F1 score P=.01, AUROC P=.02); however, inclusion of additional population-level social determinants of health did not contribute to any performance improvements (behavioural health: F1 score P=.08, AUROC P=.09; social work: F1 score P=.16, AUROC P=.09; dietitian: F1 score P=.08, AUROC P=.14; other: F1 score P=.33, AUROC P=.21) in predicting the need for referral in our population of vulnerable patients seeking care at a safety-net provider. Conclusions: Precision health–enabled decision models that leverage a wide range of patient- and population-level data sets and advanced machine learning methods are capable of predicting need for various wraparound social services with good performance.
Early Mobilization With Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: Barriers and Self-Evaluation

Background: Immobility has undesirable effects on the healing process which can prolong the length of stay for being ventilated and being in ICU. Recent studies show that patients benefit from being mobilized while being mechanically ventilated and it is a feasible and an effective treatment plan. Methods: A survey was distributed by providing an email link to the respiratory therapy, physical therapy, and critical care nurse managers. The survey examined the use of early mobilization (EM) on the mechanically ventilated patient in the intensive care unit. Results: 25 participants, in the respiratory therapy department, physical therapy department and registered nurses in critical care, took part in the survey. The results showed that 64% of the participants received no training or education on EM, 16% had received training but no regular planned activity was being taken to institute EM, 20% received training and EM was being done by prescription, and 0% responded that training had been done and EM was being used by protocol.52% responded that they would rate their use of EM as Poor or Fair. 20% responded that their use of EM rated Very good or Excellent See Table 1 for the other perceived barriers and for the self-evaluation of the use of EM. Conclusions: The respondents in this survey do not have protocols in place to implement EM. Some steps are being taken to initiate EM into the health care plan for select patients but lack of full support, lack of time, training and equipment, and concern for safety present major barriers to robust use of EM.
Impact of Comorbidities on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry-Related Genes

Abstract Viral entry mechanisms for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are an important aspect of virulence. Proposed mechanisms involve host cell membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), such as transmembrane serine protease isoform 2 (TMPRSS2). The distribution of expression of these genes across cell types representing multiple organ systems in healthy individuals has been recently demonstrated. However, comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with worse outcomes. Whether these conditions contribute directly to SARS-CoV-2 virulence remain unclear. Here we show that the expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and other viral entry-related genes are modulated in target organs of select disease states. In tissues such as heart, which normally express ACE2 but minimal TMPRSS2, we found that TMPRSS2 as well as other TTSPs are elevated in individuals with comorbidities vs healthy individuals. Additionally, we found increased expression of viral entry-related genes in the settings of hypertension, cancer or smoking across target organ systems. Our results demonstrate that common comorbidities may contribute directly to SARS-CoV-2 virulence and suggest new therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in vulnerable patient populations.
Measuring the Effects of Circadian Rhythm-Related Manipulations on Depression-Like Behavior in Rodents: Forced Swim and Tail Suspension Tests

The forced swim and tail suspension tests are commonly used to determine the effects of circadian-related pharmacological, genetic, and environmental manipulations on depression-like behavior in rodents. Both tests involve scoring immobility of rodents in an inescapable condition. Here we describe how to set up and carry out these tests.
A MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION SUITE FOR SODIUM COOLED FAST REACTORS

A simulation suite has been developed to model reactor power distribution and multiphysics feedback effects in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs). This suite is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and employs a general, unstructured mesh to solve the Simplified P 3 (SP3 ) neutron transport equations. In the FEM implementation, two-dimensional triangular elements and three-dimensional wedge elements are selected. Wedge elements are selected for their natural description of hexagonal geometry common to fast reactors.Thermal feedback effects within fast reactors are modeled within the simulation suite. A thermal hydraulic model is developed, modeling both axial heat convection and radial heat conduction within fuel assemblies. A thermal expansion model is included and is demonstrated to significantly affect reactivity.This simulation suite has been employed to model the Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) benchmark, specifically the MET-1000. It has been demonstrated that these models sufficiently describe the multiphysics feedback phenomena and can be used to estimate multiphysics reactivity feedback coefficients.
Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean.

Element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of young-of-the-year (YOY) swordfish, Xiphias gladius, were used as natural tracers to predict the nursery origin of subadult and adult swordfish from three foraging grounds in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). First, the chemistry of otolith cores (proxy for nursery origin) was used to develop nursery-specific elemental signatures in YOY swordfish. Sagittal otoliths of YOY swordfish were collected from four regional nurseries in the NPO between 2000 and 2005: (1) Central Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (CENPO), (2) Central North Pacific Ocean (CNPO), (3) Eastern Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (EENPO) and (4) Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). Calcium (43 Ca), magnesium (24 Mg), strontium (88 Sr) and barium (138 Ba) were quantified in the otolith cores of YOY swordfish using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Univariate tests indicated that three element:Ca ratios (Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) were significantly different among nurseries. Overall classification success of YOY swordfish to their nursery of collection was 72% based on quadratic discriminant analysis. Next, element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of subadults and adults collected from three foraging grounds where targeted fisheries exist (Hawaii, California and Mexico) were examined to calculate nursery-specific contribution estimates. Mixed-stock analysis indicated that the CENPO nursery contributed the majority of individuals to all three foraging grounds (Hawaii 45.6 ± 13.2%, California 84.6 ± 10.8% and Mexico 64.5 ± 15.9%). The results from this study highlight the importance of the CENPO nursery and provide researchers and fisheries managers with new information on the connectivity of the swordfish population in the NPO.
Spatial and temporal distributions of Dreissena spp. veligers in Lake Huron: Does calcium limit settling success?

Abstract The larval stage of invasive Dreissena spp. mussels (i.e., veligers) are understudied despite their seasonal numerical dominance among plankton. We report the spring and summer veliger densities and size structure across the main basin, North Channel, and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and seek to explain spatiotemporal variation. Monthly sampling was conducted at 9 transects and up to 3 sites per transect from spring through summer 2017. Veliger densities peaked in June and July, and we found comparable densities and biomasses of veligers between basins, despite differences in density of juvenile and adult mussels across these regions. Using a generalized additive model to explain variations in veliger density, we found that temperature, chlorophyll a, and nitrates/nitrites were most important. We generated an index of veliger attrition based on size distributions that revealed a higher rate of attrition in the North Channel than the rest of the lake. A logistic model indicated a threshold calcium concentration of around 22 mg/L was necessary for veligers to survive to larger sizes and recruit to their juvenile and benthic adult life stages. Improved understanding of factors that regulate the production and survival of Dreissena veligers could improve the ability of managers to assess future invasion threats as well as explore potential control options.
Effects of a select direct-fed microbial gel effects of a select direct-fed microbial gel supplemented with different levels of vitamin E in neonatal Holstein calves

The objective of this study was to determine if an oral microbial gel supplemented with a natural source of vitamin E increased plasma concentrations of vitamin E in neonatal Holstein calves.
Acute Pain Burden and Opioid Dose Requirements after Cesarean Delivery in Parturients with Preexisting Chronic Back Pain and Migraine.

Introduction. Preexisting chronic pain has been reported to be a consistent risk factor for severe acute postoperative pain. However, each specific chronic pain condition has unique pathophysiology, and it is possible that the effect of each condition on postoperative pain is different. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with preexisting chronic pain conditions (i.e., migraine, chronic back pain, and the combination of migraine + chronic back pain), who underwent cesarean delivery. The effects of the three chronic pain conditions on time-weighted average (TWA) pain score (primary outcome) and opioid dose requirements in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) during postoperative 48 hours were compared. Results. The TWA pain score was similar in preexisting migraine and chronic back pain. Chronic back pain was associated with significantly greater opioid dose requirements than migraine (12.92 MME, 95% CI: 0.41 to 25.43, ). Preoperative opioid use ( ) was associated with a greater TWA pain score. Preoperative opioid use ( ), smoking ( ), and lower postoperative ibuprofen dose ( ) were associated with greater opioid dose requirements. Conclusions. Findings suggest women with chronic back pain and migraine do not report different postpartum pain intensities; however, women with preexisting chronic back pain required 13 MME greater opioid dose than those with migraine during 48 hours after cesarean delivery.
Response Factors and Logistic Discrimination

Frequently, primary interest in a table is centered on one factor which constitutes a response (dependent) variable. The other factors in the table are only of interest for their ability to help explain the response variable. Special kinds of models have been developed to handle these situations. In particular, rather than modeling log expected cell counts or log probabilities (as in log-linear models), when there is a response variable, various log odds related to the response variable are modeled.
Chapter 20: Drug Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates distribution and metabolism of drugs in the lungs, the relationship of drug metabolism and disposition to safety, drug interactions, hepatic esterases and amidases, metabolic factors in liver toxicity, hemodynamic factors in drug disposition, and the blood–brain barrier. The fact that metabolic events frequently lead to active or toxic metabolites merits consideration by the medicinal chemist as does information on new or little studied biotransformation routes. Species differences in drug metabolism are also addressed because they bear directly on the relevance of efficacy and toxicity observed in animals to usefulness in man. Drug metabolism studies are of greatest value to the drug discovery process when they are carried out early and permit rapid feedback to the synthetic program. The frequency with which the toxicity of drugs and other chemicals is mediated by metabolism and covalent binding of a reactive species to tissue macromolecules has stimulated considerable study of the biotransformation of a number of new and important agents. Increasing evidences suggest that intermediate epoxide formation is an important metabolic transformation of xenobiotics that contain an aromatic or olefinic double bond. The recognition that metabolism may vary with the species employed is important for the extrapolation of animal data to man. The problems and considerations involved in the selection of appropriate species for toxicology and drug metabolism studies have been pointed in the chapter.
Model averaging, asymptotic risk, and regressor groups

This paper examines the asymptotic risk of nested least-squares averaging estimators when the averaging weights are selected to minimize a penalized leastsquares criterion. We find conditions under which the asymptotic risk of the averaging estimator is globally smaller than the unrestricted least-squares estimator. For theMallows averaging estimator under homoskedastic errors, the condition takes the simple form that the regressors have been grouped into sets of four or larger. This condition is a direct extension of the classic theory of James– Stein shrinkage. This discovery suggests the practical rule that implementation of averaging estimators be restricted to models in which the regressors have been grouped in this manner. Our simulations show that this new recommendation results in substantial reduction in mean-squared error relative to averaging over all nested submodels.We illustrate the method with an application to the regression estimates of Fryer and Levitt (2013). Keywords. Shrinkage, efficient estimation, averaging, risk. JEL classification. C13.
Comparison of electromagnetic side-channel energy available to the attacker from different computer systems

This paper evaluates electromagnetic (EM) side-channel energy (ESE) available to the attacker from several different computer systems. In particular, we present measured ESE for several common instructions executed on a laptop, a desktop, and an FPGA at several different frequencies. The results show that ESE measurements are repeatable across a range of frequencies, and that similar frequencies result in similar ESE. While FPGA ESE is smaller than desktop or laptop ESE, similar trends are found between all three systems. The presented results can be useful to computer designers who wish to find out which parts of the design are most susceptible to EM side-channel vulnerabilities, and to software developers who need to know which variations in program behavior are most likely to allow successful side-channel attacks, especially for behaviors that are consistently vulnerable across processor generations and across processor manufacturers.
Keynote Address: Civil Justice at a Crossroads

I really do believe that, as your title suggests, the civil justice system is at a crossroads and that, as a result, we all have new opportunities and old responsibilities. Four years ago, concerns about skyrocketing costs, unprofessional gamesmanship, and long delays in civil litigation were the stuff of grousing and shoulder shrugs. We all had a level of fatalism or cynicism about our inability to change any of those factors. Now, that is not true. There is a window of opportunity that has opened—a convergence of various forces resulting in a willingness of decision-makers to consider change. As a result, the wires are buzzing. In three weeks, there will be a national conference at Duke University sponsored by the Federal Advisory Committee on Civil Rules (the 2010 Conference on Civil Litigation), the stated goal of which is to harness:
Efeitos da Manipulação Torácica na Dor e Amplitude de Movimento da Coluna Cervical

A quarta vertebra toracica (T4) apresenta estreita relacao biomecânica com as disfuncoes da coluna cervical. Assim, verificou-se os efeitos imediatos da manipulacao da T4 sobre a dor e amplitude de movimento (ADM) ativo na cervical. Obteve-se reducao significativa na dor em repouso e ao movimento, com aumento da ADM cervical. A manipulacao da T4 e uma alternativa quando a manipulacao direta das vertebras cervicais e contra-indicada.
Multi-institutional evaluation of deep brain stimulation targeting using probabilistic connectivity-based thalamic segmentation

Object Due to the lack of internal anatomical detail with traditional MR imaging, preoperative stereotactic planning for the treatment of tremor usually relies on indirect targeting based on atlas-derived coordinates. The object of this study was to preliminarily investigate the role of probabilistic tractography–based thalamic segmentation for deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting for the treatment of tremor. Methods Six patients undergoing bilateral implantation of DBS electrodes in the thalamus for the treatment of upper-extremity tremor were studied. All patients underwent stereotactic surgical implantation using traditional methods (based on indirect targeting methodologies and intraoperative macrostimulation findings) that were programmed for optimal efficacy, independent of tractography-based segmentations described in this report. Connectivity-based thalamic segmentations were derived by identifying with which of 7 cortical target regions each thalamic voxel had the highest probability of connect...
Automatic segmentation of ultrafast cardiac flow scans and RMBF calculation

Analysis of electrocardiogram (EKG) gated ultrafast computed tomography (CT) cardiac flow scans for myocardial perfusion has been limited by user traced regions of interest (ROI) corresponding to the left ventricular cavity and the myocardium. Normal intravenous contrast medium transport allows pixel classification heuristics to be defined and implemented in a PC based image workstation. Pixel classification was based upon three pixel parameters: the pre-contrast HU (Hounsfield Unit) value, the maximum HU change due to contrast medium, and the time of the maximal change. The classification algorithms operate on every fourth or second pixel of a 128*128 user placed sub-image of a 256*256 image. Regional myocardial and left ventricular time density curves (TDC) were generated from a series of twenty images from a mid-left ventricular ultrafast CT slice. TDC of the automatically detected regions were derived. Results from tests using this data indicate that automatic cardiac CT flow image segmentation and TDC generation are feasible and could aid clinical measurements of myocardial perfusion by ultrafast CT. >
Extraction of quark transversity distribution and Collins fragmentation functions with QCD evolution

We study the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) evolution of the Collins azimuthal asymmetries in e+e- annihilations and semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering processes. All the relevant coefficients are calculated up to the next-to-leading-logarithmic-order accuracy. By applying the TMD evolution at the approximate next-to-leading-logarithmic order in the Collins-Soper-Sterman formalism, we extract transversity distributions for u and d quarks and Collins fragmentation functions from current experimental data by a global analysis of the Collins asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron productions in e+e- annihilations measured by BELLE and BABAR collaborations and semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering data from HERMES, COMPASS, and JLab HALL A experiments. The impact of the evolution effects and the relevant theoretical uncertainties are discussed. We further discuss the TMD interpretation for our results and illustrate the unpolarized quark distribution, transversity distribution, unpolarized quark fragmentation, and Collins fragmentation functions depending on the transverse momentum and the hard momentum scale. We make detailed predictions for future experiments and discuss their impact.
Pathways to Parkinsonism Redux: convergent pathobiological mechanisms in genetics of Parkinson's disease

In the past few years, there have been a large number of genes identified that contribute to the lifetime risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Some genes follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern, but others are risk factors for apparently sporadic PD. Here, we will focus on those genes nominated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in sporadic PD, with a particular emphasis on genes that overlap between familial and sporadic disease such as those encoding a-synuclein (SNCA), tau (MAPT), and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). We will advance the view that there are likely relationships between these genes that map not only to neuronal processes, but also to neuroinflammation. We will particularly discuss evidence for a role of PD proteins in microglial activation and regulation of the autophagy-lysosome system that is dependent on microtubule transport in neurons. Thus, there are at least two non-mutually exclusive pathways that include both non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous mechanisms in the PD brain. Collectively, these data have highlighted the amount of progress made in understanding PD and suggest ways forward to further dissect this disorder.
Use of computed tomography to identify atrial fibrillation associated differences in left atrial wall thickness and density.

Introduction Left atrial (LA) tissue characteristics may play an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) induction and perpetuation. Although frequently used in clinical practice, computed tomography (CT) has not been employed to describe differences in LA wall properties between AF patients and controls. We sought to noninvasively characterize AF associated differences in LA tissue using CT.
The Impact of E-Retail Environment Characteristics on E-Satisfaction and Purchase Intent

The purpose of this research is to determine the key dimensions of e-retail environment characteristics which affect consumer e-satisfaction and purchase intent and to examine the mediating role of e-satisfaction and the moderating effects of consumersâ€™ previous e-shopping experience on the relationship between e-retail environment characteristics and consumer responses. The study focused on young adults ranging in age from 18 to 25. The results showed that convenience, customization, security/privacy, web appearance and entertainment value were the key characteristics of e-retail environment impacting e-satisfaction. E-satisfaction fully mediated the effects of e-retail environment characteristics on online purchase intent. Prior e-shopping experience was found to moderate the relationships among the key dimensions of e-retail environment, e-satisfaction, and e-purchase intent. The findings of this study add to the existing literature on e-service quality by focusing on e-retail environment characteristics beyond products and prices, and further by providing e-retailers with practical implications as to how they can improve their website environments for successful e-retailing business.
Depressive and manic tendencies in high school and college students

A sample of 101 high school students obtained higher mania scores than, but did not differ in depression scores from, a sample of 504 college students.
Estimating finding rates for U.S. crude oil

Abstract In this paper, we provide estimates of both exploratory and developmental finding-rate equations for crude oil for six onshore regions in the lower 48 United States. We estimate the finding rate in two different ways — one based on the relationship between the finding rate and cumulative reserve additions (a derivative approach) and one based on the relationship between cumulative reserve additions and cumulative drilling (an integral approach). We develop the integral approach according to two different methods. We investigate differences in finding rates between approaches and between regions.
Sociability, work, and gender

Sociability work, defined as the work involved in putting on community and charity events, provides one example of the intersections among gender and work. Yet sociologists have generally not included sociability work in their examinations of work. Based on ethnographic research in a breast cancer awareness organization, I analyze women’s sociability work to demonstrate how dimensions of power such as gender shape understandings of what counts and does not count as work. By applying the concept of sociability work to a contemporary group of volunteer workers in the U.S., I show first that this form of working is alive and well to day. I also highlight how sociability work complicates dominant conceptual understandings of work and consider the consequences of sociability work’s relative in visibility. I argue that excluding sociability work from the study of work shuts off critical discussion of its potential uses and misuses in shaping public policy and access to the public sphere.
Initial clinical experience with intracardiac echocardiography in guiding balloon mitral valvuloplasty: technique, safety, utility, and limitations.

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility and technique of intracardiac echocardiography during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. Echocardiographic imaging is commonly used during mitral valvuloplasty. Intracardiac echocardiography is a newer technology that may provide superior imaging during complex valvular interventions. Intracardiac echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in 19 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. Intracardiac ultrasound images were obtained via the femoral vein in all patients. Imaging projections and catheter locations that were useful for the performance of mitral valvuloplasty were defined. Intracardiac echocardiography guided transseptal puncture, augmented the assessment of valve apparatus deformity, facilitated balloon positioning across the mitral valve, and permitted postprocedural valvular assessment including identification of mitral regurgitation with color Doppler. Intracardiac echocardiography provided essential imaging guidance and procedural monitoring during percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:385–394. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and oxygen saturation during early infant breast-feeding and bottle-feeding

This prospective study compared the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and its relationship to oxygen saturation in infants during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding. After 4 to 6 wk of exclusive breast-feeding, infants began bottle-feedings of expressed human milk using one of two systems: a soft-walled bottle and nipple (system 1, Playtex) or a hard-walled bottle and nipple (system 2, Avent). Infants' sucking, swallowing, breathing, and oxygenation were measured during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding, and coordination of these activities during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding were compared. During breast-feeding, swallowing occurred nonrandomly between breaths and did not interfere with breathing. The same distribution of swallowing occurred in infants fed with system 1, while swallowing occurred randomly in infants fed with system 2. Swallowing significantly increased during bottle-feeding among infants using system 2, but decreased among infants using system 1. Infants using system 2 also had a greater instability in the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and more perturbation of breathing. Oxygen saturation was significantly higher in infants fed with system 1 compared with system 2. These results suggest that the overall feeding pattern and oxygenation of system 1 are closer to the physiologic norm than system 2.
Fold and function predictions for Mycoplasma genitalium proteins

Background: Uncharacterized proteins from newly sequenced genomes provide perfect targets for fold and function prediction. Results: For 38% of the entire genome of Mycoplasma genitalium , sequence similarity to a protein with a known structure can be recognized using a new sequence alignment algorithm. When comparing genomes of M. genitalium and Escherichia coli , > 80% of M. genitalium proteins have a significant sequence similarity to a protein in E. coli and there are > 40 examples that have not been recognized before. For all cases of proteins with significant profile similarities, there are strong analogies in their functions, if the functions of both proteins are known. The results presented here and other recent results strongly support the argument that such proteins are actually homologous. Assuming this homology allows one to make tentative functional assignments for > 50 previously uncharacterized proteins, including such intriguing cases as the putative β -lactam antibiotic resistance protein in M. genitalium. Conclusions: Using a new profile-to-profile alignment algorithm, the three-dimensional fold can be predicted for almost 40% of proteins from a genome of the small bacterium M. genitalium , and tentative function can be assigned to almost 80% of the entire genome. Some predictions lead to new insights about known functions or point to hitherto unexpected features of M.genitalium
The Cost of Interlibrary Loan Services in a Medium-Sized Academic Library

ABSTRACT Interlibrary loan has traditionally been the main access to information beyond the individual library collection. The increase in access to document delivery services and full-text databases, however, has created the need to evaluate interlibrary loan services within the overall access environment. One of the most important factors in this evaluation concerns the cost to provide interlibrary loan. The purpose of this article is to provide the results of a study of one year's interlibrary loan expense at the Library at Wichita State University in Wichita, Kansas. The study was conducted to identify areas of greater and lesser interlibrary loan expense, and to serve as a comparison to the results of cost studies based upon data collected from large research libraries. The final results are also intended to serve as a reference point in determining how best to balance the use of interlibrary loan with commercial document delivery sources.
Diffusion activation energy of cadmium in thin film CuInGaSe 2

Diffusivity and activation energy of cadmium in copper indium gallium diselenide (CuInGaSe2 or CIGS) thin films were investigated by annealing solar-grade SLG/Mo/CIGS/CdS samples of two different CIGS thicknesses at temperatures between 150° C and 325° C. Diffusion profiles of cadmium volume and grain boundary were investigated by dual-beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. A relationship between the cadmium's volume and grain boundary diffusion coefficients and their activation energies at a given annealing temperature was established using LeClaire's grain boundary diffusion model. The data also provide evidence that cadmium diffusion may be strongly modulated by a gallium gradient seen both laterally at the interface and in the bulk in solar-grade CIGS material.
Teachers as researchers: Classroom inquiry initiatives at undergraduate and graduate levels in early childhood education

Abstract This article discusses the importance of including a teacher‐as‐researcher strand in college courses at both undergraduate and graduate levels. It describes four competency areas that contribute to the ability to engage in classroom inquiry including frequent and quality clinical experiences, practicing data collection methods of authentic assessment, opportunities to learn reflective practices, and experience using the inquiry cycle. Two undergraduate courses in early childhood education and a masters degree program in teaching & learning provide illustrations for embedding the teacher‐as‐researcher strand into the teacher education program. The article discusses the potential for classroom inquiry to stimulate renewal in university and public school settings. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment of the MODIS Leaf Area Index Product (MOD15) in Alaska

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) Product (MOD15A2) was evaluated for the growing seasons of 2000 through 2004 in Alaska. The LAI estimate may be affected by three factors not directly related to canopy leaf area: snow melt, cloud contamination and conifer forest versus broadleaf shrub canopy type. Increases in MODIS LAI values occurred during the snowmelt period, prior to leaf flush along an elevation gradient in central Alaska. This false LAI increase prior to broadleaf budburst could lead to an overestimate of growing season length based on the MODIS LAI product. During the spring greenup period, there were temporal dips in MODIS LAI estimates for up to 57% of the pixels. This decrease in MODIS LAI value was likely due to cloud contamination, despite use of the MODIS quality control information to select pixels that were cloud‐free. The MODIS LAI algorithm may be sensitive to variation in near‐infrared reflectance due to canopy type rather than leaf area. F...
Destination choice set definition in travel behaviour modelling

Abstract This paper addresses conceptual and practical problems with the use of probabilistic models that insist on generalized choice sets for destination choice modelling. It is proposed that classification of destinations (functional destinations) be used to define a common choice set of types of destination choice behaviour. For shopping travel, these functional destinations are classifications with respect to shopping destination attraction measures and their spatial separation (in terms of distance, travel time or accessibility) from trip origins. Crossed, nested and nested crossed functional destinations are discussed. A multinomial response relation model is presented as a convenient means of predicting patterns of functional destination classifications. Empirical analyses on crossed functional destinations are discussed. The need for market segmentation with respect to some attitudinal factors is established in terms of model parameter plausibility and statistical testing. A procedure for modelling destination choice behaviour, starting from functional destinations down to the assignment of specific destinations, is presented.
Homogenization and error estimates of free boundary velocities in periodic media

In this note we describe a recent result [I.C. Kim, Homogenization of a model problem on contact angle dynamics, Comm. Partial Diff. Eqns. 33(7–9), (2008), pp. 1235–1271; I.C. Kim, Error estimates on homogenization of free boundary velocities in periodic media, Ann. Inst. H. Poincar, Anal. Non-Lineaire 26(3) (2009), pp. 99–1019] on homogenization and error estimates of a free boundary problem, which describes quasi-static contact angle dynamics on inhomogeneous surface. The method presented here also applies to more general class of free boundary problems with oscillating boundary velocities.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS3 and LYS2 genes complement the Schizosaccharomyces pombe his5-303 and lys1-131 mutations, respectively: new selectable markers and new multi-purpose multicopy shuttle vectors, pSP3 and pSP4

Three new S. pombe plasmids are described. Plasmids pSP3 and pSP4 are two Schizosaccharomyces pombe ars1 multicopy vectors with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS3 or LYS2 genes as selectable markers. They complement the S. pombe his5-303 or lys1-131 mutations, respectively. Plasmid pSPars1 is a vector carrying the S. pombe ars1 and a unique NdeI site which allows the introduction of any selectable marker therefore bringing a unified vector backbone for the construction of new S. pombe/S. cerevisiae/E. coli shuttle vectors. These plasmids permit classical molecular genetic techniques to be performed directly.
Automatic design and implementation of language data types

Language implementation is in need of automation. Although compiler construction has long been aided by parser generators and other tools, interpreters and runtime systems have been neglected, even though they constitute a large component of languages like Lisp, Prolog, and Smalltalk. Of the several parts of a runtime system, the primitive datatype definitions present some of the most difficult decisions for the implementor. The effectiveness of type discrimination schemes, interactions between storage allocation and virtual memory, and general time/space tradeoffs are issues that have no simple resolution-they must be evaluated for each implementation. A formalism for describing implementations has been developed and used in a prototype designer of primitive data structures. The designer is a collection of heuristic rules that produce multiple designs of differing characteristics. Cost evaluation on machine code derived from those designs yields performance formulas, which are then used to estimate the designs' effect on benchmark programs.
A vibration energy harvesting sensor platform for increased industrial efficiency

A model for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting with a piezoelectric cantilever beam is presented. The model incorporates expressions for variable geometry, tip mass, and material constants, and allows the parameterized determination of the voltage and power produced over a purely resistive load. The model is of a lumped-element form, with the base excitation acceleration and voltage representing the effort variables, and the tip velocity and electrical current representing the flow variables. Subsequent to the model's derivation, experimental results are presented and demonstrate the accuracy of the model. As peak power output for existing vibration configurations is typically of interest, several simple optimization studies are then performed on a simple generator configuration to demonstrate the effects of several of the driving geometric and material parameters.
Unique characteristics of NK cells throughout the human female reproductive tract

In this study, we have analyzed the presence and subsets of NK cells throughout the tissues of the FRT. We demonstrate that there are NK cells in the various FRT tissues and that their phenotype and regulation are largely dependent upon the FRT tissue where they reside. NK cells in the Fallopian tube, endometrium, cervix, and ectocervix expressed CD9 while blood NK cells did not. We have also found that unique subsets of NK cells are in specific locations of the FRT. The NK cells in the lower reproductive tract did not express CD94, but they did express CD16. In contrast, NK cells in the upper FRT express high amounts of CD94 and CD69, but few NK cells expressed CD16. All of these FRT NK cells were able to produce IFN-γ upon stimulation with cytokines. Furthermore, the number of NK cells varied with the menstrual cycle in the endometrium but not in the cervix or ectocervix. These data suggest that unique characteristics of the tissues may account of specific localization of different NK cell subsets.
The effect of dicyclohexycarbodiimide and cyclopiazonic acid on the difference FTIR spectra of sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by photolysis of caged-ATP and caged-Ca2+

The photochemical release of Ca2+ from caged-Ca2+ in the absence of ATP, and the release of ATP from caged-ATP in the presence of Ca2+ induce characteristic difference FTIR spectra on rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum that are related to the formation of Ca2E1 and E∼P intermediates of the Ca2+-ATPase, respectively. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (10 nmol/mg protein) abolished both the Ca2+-and ATP-induced difference FTIR spectra parallel with inhibition of ATPase activity. Cyclopiazonic acid (50 nmol/mg protein) inhibited the Ca2+-induced difference spectrum measured in the absence of ATP, but had no significant effect on the ATP-induced difference spectrum measured in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. The dog kidney Na+,K+-ATPase did not give significant difference spectrum after photolysis of caged-ATP in Ca2+-free media containing 90 mM Na+ and 10 mM K+, with or without ouabain. We propose that both the Ca2+ and the ATP-induced difference FTIR spectra of the Ca2+-ATPase reflect the occupancy of the high-affinity Ca2+ transport site of the enzyme.
Positronium versus the mirror universe

Abstract A mirror universe of fermions and forces isomorphic to but distinct from those we see couples directly to our universe only by gravity. Particles at any mass scale enjoying both normal and shadow forces forge an electromagnetic link (by radiative corrections) between the two universes such that mirror particles display conventional electric charges 10−3–10−5 e. This produces mixing between triplet positronium and its analogous mirror state through a one-photon annihilation diagram. Consequent effects are contrary to experiment. The possible existence of such a mirror universe is thereby excluded.