cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photon counting statistics of laser light

Abstract Simple expressions and recurrence relations are derived for the photocount distribution, associated with the photodetection of laser light, as well as for its factorial moments. One makes use of the probability density for the laser light intensity as provided by Risken's analysis of the dynamics of laser oscillators.
Validation of efficient high-throughput plasmid and siRNA transfection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells without cell maturation.

Transfection of primary immune cells is difficult to achieve at high efficiency and without cell activation and maturation. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a key link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Delineating the signaling pathways involved in the activation of human primary DCs and reverse engineering cellular inflammatory pathways have been challenging tasks. We optimized and validated an effective high-throughput transfection protocol, allowing us to transiently express DNA in naive primary DCs, as well as investigate the effect of gene silencing by RNA interference. Using a high-throughput nucleofection system, monocyte-derived DCs were nucleoporated with a plasmid expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), and transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry, based on GFP expression. To evaluate the effect of nucleoporation on DC maturation, the expression of cell surface markers CD86 and MHCII in GFP-positive cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. We established optimal assay conditions with a cell viability reaching 70%, a transfection efficiency of over 50%, and unchanged CD86 and MHCII expression. We examined the impact of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of RIG-I, a key viral recognition receptor, on the induction of the interferon (IFN) response in DCs infected with Newcastle disease virus. RIG-I protein was undetectable by Western blot in siRNA-treated cells. RIG-I knockdown caused a 75% reduction in the induction of IFNβ mRNA compared with the negative control siRNA. This protocol should be a valuable tool for probing the immune response pathways activated in human DCs.
Overtone-induced dissociation of hydrogen peroxide: A classical trajectory study☆

Abstract The overtone-induced dissociation of hydrogen peroxide is studied by classical trajectories. The dissociation lifetimes are found to be on the order of picoseconds and comparable with statistical lifetimes, although energy redistribution is not complete. We conclude that overtone vibrational excitation features are negligibly lifetime-broadened by reaction.
Predicting Response to Intensive Multimodal Inpatient Treatment: A Comparison of Single- and Multiple-Class Growth Modeling Approaches

In a modest body of research, personality functioning assessed via performance-based instruments has been found to validly predict treatment outcome and, to some extent, differential response to treatment. However, state-of-the-science longitudinal and mixture modeling techniques, which are common in many areas of clinical psychology, have rarely been used. In this article, we compare multilevel growth curve modeling (MLM) and latent class growth modeling (LCGM) approaches with the same data set to illustrate the different research questions that can be addressed by each method. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores collected at 6 points during the course of a long-term multimodal inpatient treatment of 58 severely and persistently mentally ill adults were used to model the trajectory of treatment outcome. Pretreatment Rorschach-based markers of personality functioning and other markers of psychiatric severity were examined as covariates in each modeling approach. The results of both modeling approaches generally indicated that more psychologically impaired clients responded less favorably to treatment. The LCGM approach revealed 2 unique trajectories of improvement (a persistently low group and a higher starting, improving group). Personality functioning and baseline psychiatric variables significantly predicted group membership and the rate of change within the groups. A side-by-side examination of these 2 methods was found to be useful in predicting differential treatment response with personality functioning variables.
Workplace Information Literacy: A Neglected Priority for Community College Libraries

Community and technical colleges have long been sites for educating two groups of students: those going on to baccalaureate education and those seeking degrees in vocational-technical fields. If there are specialized programs of information literacy instruction for these divergent groups, they have not been described in the literature. This article examines prior relevant literature and empirical evidence from focus groups and a survey to provide a brief outline of the vocational/technical information literacy programs in community college libraries and makes recommendations for reassessing the priority assigned to these activities.
New ylide anions. A vinyl anion equivalent for substituted fumarate esters

Abstract A new type of ylide anion is reported which upon alkylation and elimination of triphenylphosphine serves as a vinyl anion equivalent.
HARMONIOUS REGIONAL ADVERTISING REGULATION?: A Comparative Examination of Government Advertising Regulation in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Given the importance of government advertising regulation, there has been limited research exploring the common ground between government regulations in different countries. This paper begins by proposing a theoretical framework for comparing government regulations, and then uses the framework to analyze the similarities and differences between advertising regulations in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. It concludes that harmonization of regional advertising regulation in Greater China is an attainable goal.
Love, Suspense, Sex, and Violence: Men’s and Women’s Film Predilections, Exposure to Sexually Violent Media, and their Relationship to Rape Myth Acceptance

This investigation addressed the relationship between men’s and women’s predilections for film with a love story, suspense, or sex and violence theme and how that predilection related to rape myth acceptance (RMA). Also examined was how men’s and women’s predilections, as they related to RMA, were moderated by exposure to different levels of sexually violent media based on a true story. Finally, the relationship between traditional attitudes and film predilection, as well as the relationship between film predilection and attitudes toward film editing, were investigated. Results indicate that men prefer film with sex and violence significantly more than women do, whereas women prefer love stories significantly more than men do. Those with sex and violence film predilections are more accepting of RMA than those with love story or suspense predilections. Women’s film predilections and their relationship to RMA attitudes are moderated to an extent by exposure to sexually violent media based on a true story, whereas men’s attitudes remain unaffected. Finally, those with sex and violence film predilections are less in favor of film editing than are those with suspense or love story predilections. Theoretical explanations for the findings are discussed and their implications.
Expert Systems and Diagnostic Expertise in the Mechanical and Electrical Domains

Current expert system technology tends to rely on the use of shallow empirically based experiential knowledge. With only this type of knowledge available, expert systems have been capable of reaching a high level of agreement with human experts in a limited area of expertise. However, due to the nature of their knowledge, such systems fall short of human expertise in many ways. The human diagnostic process is examined as it relates to the malfunction of mechanical and electrical devices. An expert system design is presented, called the integrated diagnostic model (IDM), that attempts to address some of the issues involved in bridging the gap between human and computer expertise. The IDM contains two different types of knowledge, one based on experience and one based on how the device to be diagnosed functions. These two types of knowledge are used together during a diagnostic session to determine what is wrong with the device. To demonstrate how the IDM works, an interaction with a prototype system that was built using the IDM is described; then research on extensions to the IDM is discussed.
Model reduction in a subset of the original states

A model reduction method is investigated to provide a smaller structural dynamic model for subsequent structural control design. A structural dynamic model is assumed to be derived from finite element analysis. It is first converted into the state space form, and is further reduced by the internal balancing method. Through the co-ordinate transformation derived from the states that are deleted during reduction, the reduced model is finally expressed with the states that are members of the original states. Therefore, the states in the final reduced model represent the degrees of freedom of the nodes that are selected by the designer. The procedure provides a more practical implementation of model reduction for applications in which specific nodes, such as sensor and/or actuator attachment points, are to be retained in the reduced model. Thus, it ensures that the reduced model is under the same input and output condition as the original physical model. The procedure is applied to two simple examples and comparisons are made between the full and reduced order models. The method can be applied to a linear, continuous and time-invariant model of structural dynamics with nonproportional viscous damping.
Generalized subgraph-restricted matchings in graphs

For a graph property P, we define a P-matching as a set M of disjoint edges such that the subgraph induced by the vertices incident to M has property P. Previous examples include strong/induced matchings and uniquely restricted matchings. We explore the general properties of P-matchings, but especially the cases where P is the property of being acyclic or the property of being disconnected. We consider bounds on and the complexity of the maximum cardinality of a P-matching and the minimum cardinality of a maximal P-matching.
Megestrol and Chlormadinone Acetates in the Hamster: Fertilization-Capacitation Effects

A study was conducted to examine the effects of megestrol and chlormadinone acetate on hamster reproduction and the effect of the hamster uterine environment on rabbit sperm capacitation. The dosages administered subcutaneously in .1 ml of oil ranged from 10-500 mcg/day. The injections were given for 4 days either: 1) for 1 estrous cycle before mating; or 2) from Days 2-5 (Day 1 representing the day of mating and ovulation). In a third series of experiments vaginal smears were examined for sperm the morning after mating to determine if the compounds exerted an effect on mating behavior. To determine if the hamster uterus was capable of completing the first phase of rabbit sperm capacitation an assay system described by Dukelow was used. In the hamster a pregnant animal is 1 having 1 or more fertile ova or implantation sites. When chlormadinone and megestrol acetate were administered at levels above 50 mcg/day to hamsters for 1 estrous cycle prior to mating there was a decreasing fertility level. There were no observed differences in the implantation indices among treatments. At a level of 500 mcg of chlormadinone/day there were noticeable gross effects on the reproductive tract including increased inflammation and failure of implantation. Ovulation occurred in virtually all animals. Neither chlormadinone nor megestrol acetate (except at the latters highest level) exerted an adverse effect on the percentage of animals becoming pregnant when administered from Days 2-5 i.e. during the time when implantation occurred. There was no consistent effect of the compounds on the percentage of animals mating. When rabbit sperm were incubated in the hamster uterus 12 hours and inseminated into test rabbits 2 hours after ovulation 53% of the ova were fertilized. Insemination 4 hours after ovulation resulted in 4% fertility. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the hamster in the screening of pharmacologic agents as antifertility compounds and in cross-species studies of capacitation.
The value of comparative analysis

Critical questions in both theory and practice can only be answered through comparative analysis whose value increases with the growing internationalization of public administration. Theoretically, it has long been assumed that public administration has to be a discipline reaching beyond one country and any specific culture, but the practical benefits derived from comparative analysis, such as more effetive policy making, better administrative arrangements and enhanced development prospects need also t o be stressed. Comparative bureaucratic corruption illustrates both the benefits and t h e difficult methodological problems encountered, in this case revealing why rich and stable polities can depend on legal–rational norms while poor and unstable polities a r e more susceptible t o systemic deviant conduct by public officials.
X‐Ray conformational study of the DNA duplex in solution

Earlier x-ray studies on dissolved linear DNA molecules were interpreted on the assumption that the molecules scattered as rigid rods. Improvement in equipment and advances in theory of the scattering from randomly oriented helices prompted us into a reinvestigation of this problem. Careful measurements were made on the scattering from both linear calf thymus DNA and from circular plasmid C0P608 superhelical DNA. Contrary to the earlier work, we find that the scattering patterns show a helical character, with maxima corresponding to those of a helix with pitch angle of 62°, close to that of the C-W helix. The patterns for both types of DNA, although similar, show a 5% displacement of the maximum in the superhelical form, just that expected when the C-W helix is superimposed on a superhelix axis. Introduction of intercalators (PtTS) causes a progressive extension of the helix, as shown by a shift to larger angles and a fading out of the maximum. In the concentration range of 40 mg/mL, interfernce peaks develop, the result of an apparent stacking of the chains, with an interchain distance of ∼35 A.
Identity and liberation

How we divide history into periods is always a matter of debate. Like maps, historical markers are tainted by arbitrariness and ideology. Yet periodizations and the great blocks that divide the historical continuum into semi‐discrete identities still retain some usefulness. In contrast to other periods in the human history, our epoch—often called modernity—is characterized by the dominance of subjectivity and its concomitant, identity. Indeed, from the standpoint of philosophy, or any of the human sciences, we live in an epoch in which the philosophy of consciousness, or egology, has reigned.
Water-Templated Transmembrane Nanopores from Shape-Persistent Oligocholate Macrocycles

Hydrophobic interactions normally are not considered a major driving force for self-assembling in a hydrophobic environment. When macrocyclic oligocholates were placed within lipid membranes, however, the macrocycles pulled water molecules from the aqueous phase into their hydrophilic internal cavities. These water molecules had strong tendencies to aggregate in a hydrophobic environment and templated the macrocycles to self-assemble into transmembrane nanopores. This counterintuitive hydrophobic effect resulted in some highly unusual transport behavior. Cholesterol normally increases the hydrophobicity of lipid membranes and makes them less permeable to hydrophilic molecules. The permeability of glucose across the oligocholate-containing membranes, however, increased significantly upon the inclusion of cholesterol. Large hydrophilic molecules tend to have difficulty traversing a hydrophobic barrier. The cyclic cholate tetramer, however, was more effective at permeating maltotriose than glucose.
The Complementary Effects of Thermal Energy and Ionizing Energy on Peroxidase Activity in Green Beansa,b

SUMMARY The work herein presented demonstrates clearly that ionizing energy, in relatively large amounts, has a measurable effect on peroxidase “in situ.” However, even a relatively small amount of heat can accomplish the same degree of destruction. There appears to be no advantage to be gained in the order of application of the two types of energy. Thus, for any practical purposes, insofar as enzymes are concerned, there appears to be no practical advantage to be gained by the application of ionizing energy to plant materials which are to be heat-blanched. Conversely, if plant materials are to be sterilized by radiation treatment, a heat blanch is still required, the degree of which is not markedly affected by sterilizing doses of ionizing radiations.
Radiation Therapy to the Internal Mammary Nodal Region in Breast Cancer: The Debate Continues

The internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) have long been recognized as a potential site of regional breast cancer spread. Early studies of extended radical mastectomy documented IMN involvement in a substantial proportion of cases, particularly in patients with involved axillary nodes and central or medial tumor location (1). Those studies included patients with more-advanced disease than typically diagnosed in the modern era. Yet even relatively recent lymphoscintigraphy studies have revealed drainage to the IMNs in many cases, particularly with central or medial tumors, and substantial rates of pathologically confirmed IMN involvement among those with both parasternal drainage and axillary nodal metastases (2). Nevertheless, not all sites of locoregional disease necessarily require directed locoregional therapy. Low-volume lymph node metastases might be eradicated by modern systemic therapies or even potentially by other mechanisms, such as host response. Therefore, although the landmark trials that established the value of postmastectomy radiation therapy included treatment of the IMNs (3, 4), considerable controversy exists regarding the need to treat this region (5-7), and practice varies widely (8). Clinically apparent recurrences in the IMN region are uncommon, but this may relate to the lack of surveillance for such failures. Those who advocate IMN treatment emphasize the fact that disease in the IMNs may serve as an occult reservoir that seeds or reseeds distant metastases and ultimately compromises survival. Locoregional treatment to sites like this may be particularly important in an era of effective yet imperfect systemic therapiesdthe classic idea of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the importance of local control and the increasing effectiveness of systemic therapy. On the other hand, those who advocate against treatment emphasize the proximity of this region
Applications of circular dichroism in protein and peptide analysis

Abstract This review discusses several useful applications of circular dichroism as a tool for analyzing properties of proteins. The following topics are discussed: (1) protein–ligand interactions; (2) thermodynamics of protein folding; (3) conformational transitions and protein aggregation; (4) folding intermediates; (5) kinetics of protein folding. Specific examples are given to illustrate each application.
Testing the models: Hunter‐gatherer use of space in the gulf of Maine, USA

Abstract Analysis of settlement patterns provides valuable insights into hunter‐gatherer activities. Two decades of intensive research in the Gulf of Maine, northeastern North America, has resulted in a number of observations not possible except in a multi‐site, regional approach to archaeology. Efforts concentrated on the littoral of the Gulf of Maine, a highly productive marine environment that supported both hunter‐gatherer‐fishers and horticulturalists in the centuries preceding the arrival of Europeans around ad 1600. Because of sea‐level rise and a subsiding coastline, details on regional exploitation are scant prior to 3000 BP, after which the quality and quantity of data improve significantly. The transgressive nature of the shoreline means that reconstruction of the aboriginal approach to space is an artifact of both human choice and erosion. Attempts to factor in the latter in order to derive the former have combined cultural ecology with marine geology. A general absence of specialized activity...
TH-C-201B-12: CT Dose Reduction with Tube Current Modulation: A Case Study of Fetal Doses to Pregnant Patients Using Monte Carlo Computational Phantoms

Purpose: To demonstrate CT fetal dose reduction with the use of tube current modulation (TCM) on pregnant patients using retrospective data. Method and Materials:Monte Carlo(MC) simulation techniques are used to model CT scanners the TCM schemes and the pregnant patients. Two MDCT scanners GE LightSpeed Pro 16 and GE LightSpeed™ 16 were modeled in MCNPX source code. The TCM data were selected from archived clinical records for pregnant patients who underwent CT procedures recently at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston. Three pregnant patient phantoms with different gestations were utilized. Results: According to the calculation results it is found that the fetal dose from TCM is always smaller than the fetal dose from non‐TCM. TCM schema can reduce fetal dose from 14% to 25%. Also fetal dose gets increased when fetus becomes larger. It is also found that results of ImPACT calculations are always larger than MC calculations performed in this research. The difference between the two sets of data can reach around 40%–50%. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that Monte Carlo method can be used to assess the organ doses and fetal doses of pregnant patients undergoing TCM CT examinations by modeling the CT scanner and TCM schema as well as patient phantoms. The comparison between TCM organ doses and non‐TCM organ doses indicates that the modulated current can effectively help reduce organ dose from CT scans from 14% to 25% according to the specific TCM schema.
Rapid resolution of small-bowel obstruction with the long tube, endoscopically advanced into the jejunum.

Abstract Background Long-tube decompression has achieved a 75% to 80% success rate in 5 studies, and the short tube had a 40% success rate in 3 studies. Methods From 1984 to 1991, an endoscope-advanced long intestinal tube was placed into the jejunum in 17 patients, and from 1992 to 2004 an improved long tube was used in 23 patients. Costs were calculated for each type of procedure. Results In the first group, decompression was successful in 12 of 17 patients (70%). In the second group, decompression was successful in 21 of 23 patients (90%). The average charges were as follows: for the short tube the average charge was $21,687, and for the long tube the average charge was $11,316. Conclusions First, by using the improved long tube, which was advanced endoscopically into the jejunum, the success rate was 90% with procedures that are standard in every hospital. Second, most patients who fail the short-tube procedure are candidates for the long tube. Third, the improved long tube, endoscopically advanced into the jejunum, is recommended strongly because it provides significant advantages, both clinically and economically, over the short-tube approach. A prospective randomized study comparing the short tube for 3 days versus the long tube for 3 days is recommended to prove the superiority of the long tube in patients with small-bowel obstruction.
Development of the cuticle in the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli

Ultrastructural studies of developing Asplanchna brightwelli embryos support the following hypothetical scheme of cuticle formation. First the external hypodermal membrane invaginates, and deposition of a dense intracellular layer commences next to this membrane. Then the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes fibrous protein which is transferred to the Golgi complex. Here polysaccharide is synthesized and added to the protein, and the resulting filamentous complex is enclosed in large irregularly shaped vesicles which bud off from the Golgi elements. Maturation of the filamentous material to condensed cuticle material occurs as the vesicles move to the invaginations. Each vesicle fuses with an invagination, thus forming a hypodermal bulb; then the cuticle material is discharged through the neck of the bulb to its extracellular location. After the bulbs are formed, new, smaller, spherical vesicles begin to bud off from the Golgi elements. They too contain the filamentous complex which is refined to condensed cuticle material as the vesicles near the bulb. These vesicles fuse with the hypodermal bulbs contributing the cuticle and membrane necessary for the growth of the hypodermis of the embryo and newborn animal. Ruthenium red staining has confirmed that the cuticle consists of glycoprotein.
AN EXPLORATORY EVALUATION OF THE REACTIONS OF ORGANIC OXIDANTS WITH POLYHEDRAL BORANE ANIONS

The possible utilization of organic oxidizing agents in polyhedral borane anion redox chemistry was examined by using the synthesis of the well-characterized [B20H18]2- anion as a model system. The...
Markup Variation and Productivity Measurement in Singapore

Conventional measures of total factor productivity using growth accounting may not be appropriate when there is variation in markups across industries. The existence of market power implies that total factor productivity contains an endogenous component related to the variation in markups. I examine the variation of markups at the industry level for the manufacturing and services sectors in Singapore from 1983 to 2003. Using two different measures, I find that the markups in Singapore are significant in most industries, at around 28 and 55percent for the manufacturing and services sectors, respectively. Markups for the services sector declined during the period, while the markups for the key manufacturing industries increased after the Asian financial crisis in 1997. Accounting for variation in markups suggests that improvement in technological progress tends to be underestimated by 0.5–1.0percent per year. The underestimation is more severe in industries with relatively high markups.
Trap states in lead iodide perovskites.

Recent discoveries of highly efficient solar cells based on lead iodide perovskites have led to a surge in research activity on understanding photo carrier generation in these materials, but little is known about trap states that may be detrimental to solar cell performance. Here we provide direct evidence for hole traps on the surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films and excitonic traps below the optical gaps in these materials. The excitonic traps possess weak optical transition strengths, can be populated from the relaxation of above gap excitations, and become more significant as dimensionality decreases from 3D CH3NH3PbI3 to two-dimensional (2D) (C4H9NH3I)2(CH3NH3I)n−1(PbI2)n (n = 1, 2, 3) perovskites and, within the 2D family, as n decreases from 3 to 1. We also show that the density of excitonic traps in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films grown in the presence of chloride is at least one-order of magnitude lower than that grown in the absence of chloride, thus explaining a ...
THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE, CORTISOL AND INSULIN ON THE INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEIN.

Abstract Amino acid incorporation into proteins has been studied using both in vivo and in vitro systems. Hypophysectomized animals show decreased incorporation of the amino acids alanine, glutamic acid, methionine, and phenylalanine into protein in vivo and in vitro . Incorporation can be partially restored by the administration of either growth hormone or insulin and fully restored by simultaneous therapy with both hormones. Normal fasted animals exhibit a decreased incorporation of amino acids into protein which is restored to normal on refeeding. Fasting or refeeding had no effect on the pattern of incorporation in hypophysectomixed animals. Cortisol administration to intact rats increased incorporation of amino acids into protein, and alloxan diabetics were without any effect.
The reliability and construct validity of ratings for the autism behavior checklist

The reliability and construct validity of ratings for the Autism Behavior Checklist were examined with a sample of 198 children diagnosed with autistic disorder and conditions often confused with autism. Alpha coefficients for the five scales of the ABC as well as the Total Score were reported and the factor structure of the ABC was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the reliability analyses indicated that the Total Score alpha coefficient of the ABC was adequate for screening purposes, but the reliabilities of the scales were not. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated some support for alternate four- and five-factor models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 129–142, 2006.
Geothermal and other effects on amino acid racemization in selected Deep-Sea Drilling Project cores

Abstract Kinetic parameters for the epimerization of isoleucine in multispecific foraminiferal asemblages were used to establish the effects of burial depth and the geothermal gradient on the extent of reaction. It was observed that with a little as thirty meters of burial in a normal thermal regime there were differences between the extent of epimerization measured and that which would have been predicted for thermal equilibrium with bottom water temperatures. As would be expected, these differences are greatest when the heat flow (the geothermal gradient) and/or the sedimentation rates are highest. These effects were observed in most of the DSDP samples studied, and have been used to estimate the average heat flux since the time of sample deposition. Occasional anomalous effects were observed which could not be related to past or present heat flux. These were determined to be due to such geologic occurrences as slumping and reworking or to recent sample contamination. Other problems emerged related to bottom water temperatures including changes over geologic time which are unknown and could not be deduced. Thus, the presence of epimerization anomalies in DSDP cores as noted above limits the effectiveness of amino acid geochronology in such cores, unless these anomalies can be recognized as ab initio .
Endemic Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Species in Brooklyn, New York: Citywide Prevalence, Interinstitutional Spread, and Relation to Antibiotic Usage

Acinetobacter species are problematic nosocomial pathogens. In November 1997, pathogens isolated by microbiology laboratories were collected from 15 hospitals in Brooklyn, New York. Acinetobacter species accounted for 10% of gram-negative isolates. Only half of Acinetobacter species were susceptible to carbapenems; 11 hospitals had at least 1 isolate resistant to carbapenems. Other Acinetobacter susceptibility rates were as follows: polymyxin, 99%; amikacin, 87%; ampicillin/sulbactam, 47%; ceftazidime, 25%; and ciprofloxacin 23%. Overall, 10% were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics. Genetic analysis by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of 12 carbapenem-resistant isolates revealed 4 strains that were recovered from >1 hospital, which suggests interinstitutional spread. Antibiotic usage data from 11 hospitals revealed that the use of third-generation cephalosporins was associated significantly with the percentage of carbapenem-resistant strains (P=.03). Resistant Acinetobacter species have become endemic in Brooklyn, New York. Citywide strategies that involve surveillance, infection-control practices, and the reduction of antibiotic usage may be necessary to control the spread of these pathogens.
Human γδ T lymphocytes induce robust NK cell mediated antitumor cytotoxicity through CD137 engagement

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector lymphocytes that control the growth of major histocompatibility complex class I negative tumors. We show here that γδ T lymphocytes, expanded in vitro in the presence isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP), induce NK cell–mediated killing of tumors that are usually resistant to NK cytolysis. The induction of cytotoxicity toward these resistant tumors requires priming of NK cells by immobilized human immunoglobulin G1 and costimulation through CD137L expressed on activated γδ T lymphocytes. This costimulation increases NKG2D expression on the NK-cell surface, which is directly responsible for tumor cell lysis. Moreover, culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells with zoledronic acid, a γδ T lymphocyte activating agent, enhances NK-cell direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tumors. Our data reveal a novel function of human γδ T lymphocytes in the regulation of NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity and provide rationale for the use of strategies to manipulate the CD137 pathway to augment innate antitumor immunity.
Auger electron ejection from superconducting metals

The spectrum of Auger electrons emitted from a super-conducting metal is compared with that of the normal metal within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer model. Since pairing may be neglected outside the metal, the only differences would come from the change in densities of states. No difference in spectra is calculated.
Investigation of Vessel Growth and its Impact on Hemodynamics in Patients With Lateral Tunnel Total Cavopulmonary Connection

Single ventricle heart defects affect 2 per 1000 live births in the US and are lethal if left untreated. The Fontan procedure used to treat these defects consists of a series of palliative surgeries to create the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), which bypasses the right heart. In the last stage of this procedure, the inferior vena cava (IVC) is connected to the pulmonary arteries (PA) using one of the two approaches: the extra-cardiac (EC), where a synthetic graft is used as the conduit; and the lateral tunnel (LT) where part of the atrial wall is used along with a synthetic patch to create the conduit. The LT conduit is thought to grow in size in the long term because it is formed partially with biological tissue, as opposed to the EC conduit that retains its original size because it contains only synthetic material. The growth of the LT has not been yet quantified, especially in respect to the growth of other vessels forming the TCPC. Furthermore, the effect of this growth on the hemodynamics has not been elucidated. The objective of this study is to quantify the TCPC vessels growth in LT patients from serial magnetic resonance (MR) images, and to understand its effect on the connection hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Combinatorial Screening of Enzyme Activity by Using Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis

Efficient and comprehensive screening of enzyme activity was accomplished in a combinatorial array of 96 reaction microvials. Quantitation of the extent of the reaction at well-defined time intervals was achieved by using 96-capillary array electrophoresis coupled with a multiplexed absorption detector. Capillary electrophoresis provides high separation resolution to isolate the product from the reactants. Absorption detection provides universal applicability to combinatorial screening. For the conversion of NADH to NAD+, the catalytic activity of LDH was confirmed to be the highest at pH 7. This scheme should be useful for high-throughput drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, substrate binding, as well as combinatorial synthesis.
Regulation of insulin gene transcription

Abstract Selective transcription of the insulin gene in pancreatic β cells is regulated by its enhancer, located between nucleotides -340 to -91 relative to the transcription start site. The activity o f the enhancer is controlled by both positive- and negative-acting cellular factors. Cell-type-specific expression is mediated principally by a single cisacting enhancer element, termed the insulin control element (ICE), which is acted upon by both these cellular activities. This review focuses on the role of the factors acting on the ICE and other enhancer control elements in the establishment of cell-type-specific and physiologically regulated transcription of the insulin gene.
Principles of high-resolution radar based on nonsinusoidal waves. III. Radar-target reflectivity model

For pt.II see ibid., vol.31, no.4, p.369-75 (1989). A target-reflectivity model is developed for carrier-free nonsinusoidal waves with the time variation of a Gaussian pulse or a sequence of positive and negative Gaussian pulses representing a binary code, as was introduced in pt.I (see ibid., vol.31, no.4, p.359-68 (1989)). It is shown that the impulse response of a complex target that is composed of a finite number of scattering centers can be expressed as a sequence of Gaussian pulses. The characteristics of the Gaussian pulses, e.g. peak amplitude and nominal duration, are functions of the physical properties of the scattering centers, which are unique for each target. Hence, the impulse response waveform of a target can be regarded as a one-dimensional image in time (or range), which is valuable information for target classification and recognition. A signal processing technique is developed for obtaining an approximation of a target impulse response waveform from the backscattered and received signals. The signal processor is specifically developed for radar signals with the structure of complementary code pairs whose autocorrelation function is a single narrow pulse with no time sidelobes. >
When Emotion Work is Doomed to Fail: Ideological and Structural Constraints on Emotion Management

This paper explores how workers try to manage their emotions under conditions that doom them to fail. The workers in question—floor instructors at a sheltered workshop for people with developmental disabilities—were expected to infuse clients with positive feelings about work and to help transform them into committed workers. But structural conditions—boring, poorly paid assembly work and long gaps between contract jobs—forced them to obtain clients' compliance through coercive and confrontational emotion management techniques that contradicted their ideological beliefs. The floor instructors sought to peacefully increase their control over clients through “preventive emotion management” but most often they experienced a loss of control, leading some of them to experience “burnout.” This paper defines burnout as “occupational emotional deviance” that workers experience when they cannot manage their own and other's emotions according to organizational expectations.
Binding and signaling of angiotensin-(1–7) in bovine kidney epithelial cells involves the AT4 receptor

Abstract Angiotensin-(1–7) decreased mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (Erks) activation in cultured Mardin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells. Also, saturable, high-affinity 125 I-angiotensin-(1–7) binding was detected in MDBK cell membranes. Together, the data suggested the possible presence of an angiotensin-(1–7) receptor. However, ligand structure-binding studies revealed that angiotensin-(3–7) and AT 4 receptor ligands competed with high-affinity for 125 I-angiotensin-(1–7) binding. Furthermore, angiotensin-(3–7) and AT 4 receptor ligands decreased MAP kinase activation in MDBK cells. These results demonstrate that NH 2 -terminal-deleted metabolites of angiotensin-(1–7) can bind with high affinity to the AT 4 receptor and regulate the MAP kinase/Erk signaling pathway in renal epithelial cells.
Constraint-based Ontology Induction from Online Customer Reviews

We present an unsupervised, domain-independent technique for inducing a product-specific ontology of product features based upon online customer reviews. We frame ontology induction as a logical assignment problem and solve it with a bounds consistency constrained logic program. Using shallow natural language processing techniques, reviews are parsed into phrase sequences where each phrase refers to a single concept. Traditional document clustering techniques are adapted to collect phrases into initial concepts. We generate a token graph for each initial concept cluster and find a maximal clique to define the corresponding logical set of concept sub-elements. The logic program assigns tokens to clique sub-elements. We apply the technique to several thousand digital camera customer reviews and evaluate the results by comparing them to the ontologies represented by several prominent online buying guides. Because our results are drawn directly from customer comments, differences between our automatically induced product features and those in extant guides may reflect opportunities for better managing customer-producer relationships rather than errors in the process.
Review Article: The Inherited Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood: Clinical Assessment:

This review represents an examination of four groups of neurodegenerative diseases, namely the sphingolipidoses, the adrenoleukodystrophy complex, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, and the sialidoses/sialuria complex. Using a combination of clinical assessment, neuroradiologic appearance, and clinical neurophysiology, one may develop strategies that lead to specific chemical or biochemical determinations for specific diagnoses. In general, disorders of white matter may be distinguished from disorders of gray matter by their appearance on computed tomography and by abnormalities of nerve conduction velocities and auditory brain stem responses. In contrast, disorders of gray matter may be distinguished from disorders of white matter by their appearance on computed tomography and utilization of electroretinography, visual evoked responses, and, to a lesser extent, EEG findings. Where necessary, skin, conjunctival, or nerve biopsy may prove to be useful adjuncts to the diagnosis. Presently, treatment depends on prevention, although aggressive efforts are under way to establish corrective therapy by enzyme replacement. To this end, the use of already existing animal models may prove to be helpful.
Marine microbiology: ecology and applications Colin Munn (with foreword by Farooq Azam)

Marine microbiology: ecology and applications New York, Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2011, 364 pp, ISBN: 978-0-8153-6517-4. US$ 85.00 Only half a century ago, most marine biologists bel...
Unsymmetrical RPNPR′ pincer ligands and their group 10 complexes

Two new unsymmetrical RPNPR′-type pincer ligands based on a bis(tolyl)amine framework have been synthesized and characterized by a variety of techniques, including X-ray crystallography. These ligands have been coordinated to Ni, Pd, and Pt precursors to provide a number of well-characterized group 10 halides. Conversion of these metal halides to metal hydrides was accomplished using borohydride reagents, or by direct interaction of the ligand with the zerovalent metal precursor. The insertion of oxygen into these hydrides in an attempt to prepare metal hydroperoxides has been examined; however, we were unable to obtain stable and isolable hydroperoxide species.
Effects of commercial fish meal analogue and menhaden fish meal on growth of red drum fed isonitrogenous diets.

Abstract Four diets were formulated to determine the effectiveness of supplementing a commercially available protein source (Pro-Pak® from H. J. Baker and Brothers, Inc.) for menhaden fish protein (Special Select® from Zapata Haynie Corp.), in diets for red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, each contained 45% total protein. Protein from soybean meal and wheat gluten was kept constant; Pro-Pak replaced 0, 25, 50, or 75% of the menhaden fish meal on an equal protein basis. In the first 8-week growth trial, which used satiation feeding, positive results from high fish meal diets were observed; percent weight gain ranged from 630 to 830%, and there was near 100% survival. In a basal diet containing 40% fish meal, the replacement of 50% of the fish protein with Pro-Pak resulted in minimal changes in growth and feed consumption. The replacement of 75% of the fish protein in the basal diet (diet 4) resulted in reduced performance of the fish. The second growth trial confir...
Initial magnetization and magnetic relaxation in a single crystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox

Abstract The initial magnetization and the magnetic relaxation in a single crystal of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x over a wide range of temperatures and fields have been measured. The results show that the initial magnetization varies with the measuring time at a given temperature and the relaxation is logarithmic in our measuring windows.
Nucleus of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII)

Optical, radar, infrared, UV, and microwave-continuum observations of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcok were obtained in May 1983, the week of the comet's close approach to earth. The comet has a nucleus dimension and a rotation period which are similar to those of Comet Halley, but a different morphological signature (a persisting sunward fan-shaped coma). Time variations are noted in the projected nucleus cross section. Results suggest significant limb-darkening effects in the relevant domains of radio waves, and that the comet's interior must be extremely cold. It is found that the thermal-infrared fluxes from the inner coma of the comet are dominated by the nucleus.
Noise Suppression in Coherent Imaging

Several noise suppression techniques in coherent imaging systems are described. For holographic imaging the diffuse wave, periodic phase modulation, and multiple wave techniques are compared and the implementation of the last is considered. For lens-type imaging systems the use of multiple incoherent waves results in excellent noise suppression.
Conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone by the androgenic gland of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun).

Abstract A homogenate of androgenic gland of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, coverted progesterone-7α- 3 H to 11-deoxycorticosterone- 3 H. This steroid hormone was isolated by paper and thin-layer chromatography. Final identification was made by crystallization to constant specific radioactivity.
A Role for Katanin-mediated Axonemal Severing during Chlamydomonas Deflagellation

Deflagellation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and other flagellated and ciliated cells, is a highly specific process that involves signal-induced severing of the outer doublet microtubules at a precise site in the transition region between the axoneme and basal body. Although the machinery of deflagellation is activated by Ca2+, the mechanism of microtubule severing is unknown. Severing of singlet microtubules has been observed in vitro to be catalyzed by katanin, a heterodimeric adenosine triphosphatase that can remove tubulin subunits from the walls of stable microtubules. We found that purified katanin induced an ATP-dependent severing of the Chlamydomonas axoneme. Using Western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that Chlamydomonas expresses a protein that is recognized by an anti-human katanin antibody and that this protein is localized, at least in part, to the basal body complex. Using an in vitro severing assay, we show that the protein(s) responsible for Ca2+-activated outer doublet severing purify with the flagellar-basal body complex. Furthermore, deflagellation of purified flagellar-basal body complexes is significantly blocked by the anti-katanin antibody. Taken together, these data suggest that a katanin-like mechanism may mediate the severing of the outer doublet microtubules during Chlamydomonas deflagellation.