cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting remembering and forgetting of autobiographical memories in children and adults: a 4-year prospective study

Preservation and loss to forgetting of autobiographical memories is a focus in both the adult and developmental literatures. In both, there are comparative arguments regarding rates of forgetting. Children are assumed to forget autobiographical memories more rapidly than adults, and younger children are assumed to forget more rapidly than older children. Yet few studies can directly inform these comparisons: few feature children and adults, and few prospectively track the survival of specific autobiographical memories over time. In a 4-year prospective study, we obtained autobiographical memories from children 4, 6, and 8 years, and adults. We tested recall of different subsets of the events after 1, 2, and 3 years. Accelerated rates of forgetting were apparent among all child groups relative to adults; within the child groups, 4- and 6-year-olds had accelerated forgetting relative to 8-year-olds. The differences were especially pronounced in open-ended recall. The thematic coherence of initial memory reports also was a significant predictor of the survival of specific memories. The pattern of findings is consistent with suggestions that the adult distribution of autobiographical memories is achieved as the quality of memory traces increases (here measured by thematic coherence) and the rate of forgetting decreases.
Material Modeling of High-Pressure Compliant Syntactic Foams

Syntactic foam, specifically a host urethane embedded with hollow microspheres, has been shown to be an effective method to treat pressure pulsations, also known as noise, within a hydraulic system; however, the current generation of foam becomes less effective with increasing system pressure, particularly ineffective above 7 MPa. Material modeling predicts that increasing the initial internal pressure of a microsphere will allow voids within the foam to retain their size at pressures up to 35 MPa and the foam will remain compliant at those pressures. Noise is attenuated by an expansion chamber lined with syntactic foam when the system pressure causes embedded microspheres to collapse, which leaves a gaseous void within the host urethane, greatly reducing the effective bulk modulus of the foam. Predicted material properties are then used in conjunction with a previously developed linear acoustic model to predict the effectiveness of developmental syntactic foams. Changing the mechanical properties of the current host urethane does not have a drastic impact on the overall performance unless the properties have been reduced to the approximate order as the properties of the void. The factors with the most consequence on noise control effectiveness are the internal pressure of the microspheres and system pressure.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
How about a New Frontier in This Alley

No LESS than four identical bills to regulate research using experimental animals were introduced in the 86th Congress. The Congress took no action upon any of these and at this writing no comparable bills have been introduced in the new Congress. There is a feeling around Washington, however, that a spate of similar bills will be dumped into the Congressional hopper shortly and it is perhaps well now to take a look at S3570-the Cooper Bill-which very likely will be the model for bills introduced during the current session. In passing, the other 86th Congress bills were HR 12587, HR 12621, and HR 12757 introduced by Representatives Martha Griffiths, Cleveland M. Bailey, and James Oliver, respectively.
Tobacco Budworm: Male Pheromone Suppressed Emission of Sex Pheromone by the Female

Bioassays in 12×17×3-m field cages showed an airborne chemical was released from the hairpencils of the male Heliothis virescens (F.) before mating. When receptors on the female antennae detected the pheromone during courtship, release of female sex pheromone ceased. Emission of the female sex pheromone was effectively terminated if the females were exposed to 50 male equivalents of hairpencil extract or to untreated 2-day-old (virgin) male tobacco budworms. Extracts of hairpencils made with ethyl ether were almost as effective as live males, but extracts made with carbon disulfide did not successfully suppress the production of the sex pheromone.
Firm Linkage Structure and Structural Change: A Graph Theoretical Analysis

context of input-output research. The variety of national and regional inputoutput studies has provided useful insights into the economic structural characteristics of industries and regions, and the influence of linkage structure upon the transmission of growth. At the same time, the analysis of interindustry flows for different time periods has contributed to our understanding of structural change, and assisted in evaluating the forecasting utility of the input-output framework [1; 15; 12]. Research into the nature and influence of various kinds of external economies
Solution Ionic Strength Engineering As a Generic Strategy to Coat Graphene Oxide (GO) on Various Functional Particles and Its Application in High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) Batteries

A generic and facile method of coating graphene oxide (GO) on particles is reported, with sulfur/GO core–shell particles demonstrated as an example for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery application with superior performance. Particles of different diameters (ranging from 100 nm to 10 μm), geometries, and compositions (sulfur, silicon, and carbon) are successfully wrapped up by GO, by engineering the ionic strength in solutions. Importantly, our method does not involve any chemical reaction between GO and the wrapped particles, and therefore, it can be extended to vast kinds of functional particles. The applications of sulfur/GO core–shell particles as Li–S battery cathode materials are further investigated, and the results show that sulfur/GO exhibit significant improvements over bare sulfur particles without coating. Galvanic charge–discharge test using GO/sulfur particles shows a specific capacity of 800 mAh/g is retained after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g current rate if only the mass of sulfur is taken into calcu...
Short-term increases in pressure and shear stress attenuate age-related declines in endothelial function in skeletal muscle feed arteries

We tested the hypothesis that exposure to a short-term (1 h) increase in intraluminal pressure and shear stress (SS), to mimic two mechanical signals associated with a bout of exercise, improves nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in aged soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). In addition, we hypothesized that pressure and SS would interact to produce greater improvements in endothelial function than pressure alone. SFA from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats were cannulated and pressurized at 90 (P90) or 130 (P130) cmH2O and exposed to no SS (0 dyn/cm2) or high SS (~65 dyn/cm2) for 1 h. At the end of the 1 h treatment period, pressure in all P130 SFA was set to 90 cmH2O and no SS (0 dyn/cm2) for examination of endothelium-dependent [flow and acetylcholine (ACh)] and endothelium-independent [sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] dilation. To evaluate the contribution of NO, vasodilator responses were assessed in the presence of Nω-nitro- l -arginine (L-NNA). Flow- and ACh-induced dilations were impaired in Old P90 SFA. Treatment with increased pressure + SS for 1 h improved flow- and ACh-induced dilations in old SFA. The beneficial effect of pressure + SS was abolished in the presence of L-NNA and was not greater than treatment with increased pressure alone. These results indicate that short-duration increases in pressure + SS improve NO-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in aged SFA; however, pressure and SS do not interact to produce greater improvements in endothelial function than pressure alone.
Epidemiological analysis of sexually transmitted diseases in Lanzhou city 2008-2010

[Objective]To study the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases(STD) in Lanzhou city,provide a scientific basis for developing the STD control strategies.[Methods]The reporting data were collected from hospitals of Lanzhou city during 2008-2010,summarized by Microsoft Excel software,and analyzed by SPSS statistical analysis software.[Results]4310 cases of 5 monitored STDs were reported in Lanzhou city during 2008-2010,and the average annual reported incidence rate was 45.1/lakh.The total reported incidence showed an obvious increasing trend in 3 years.The proportion of laboratory-diagnosed cases increased year by year.The reported incidence rate in males and females was 56.9/lakh and 43.1/lakh respectively,and male-to-female ratio was 1.3∶1.STDs cases were reported in every age group,and most patients were in 20-45 years old group which was the sexually active population,accounting for 74.0% of total reported cases in 3 years.Patients aged 65-80 years old accounted for 11.9 %,which was a local peak.The occupational distribution of different STDs had different characteristics.64.3% of total reported cases had a history of sexual behavior with non-spouse.The proportions of patients with middle and high school education were high,most of patients were married people,and incidence of floating population increased significantly.[Conclusion]It is suggested that the control measures and resource allocation should be adjusted according to the epidemic characteristics of STDs in Lanzhou city.
Neuroelectric correlates of hemispheric asymmetry: spectral discrimination and stimulus competition.

In an effort to explore further the role of the right hemisphere in auditory processing, this study utilized brain event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate hemispheric asymmetry for the processing of complex spectral tones. Subjects participated in two pitch discrimination tasks, one diotic, the other dichotic. ERP components were recorded from 28 electrodes on the scalp and analyzed via individual/group average area measurements. Results showed that ERPs recorded in response to the dichotic target pairs exhibited a larger P3 area when the target tone was presented to the left ear, while the N1 area showed no significant difference. ERPs recorded in the diotic condition showed a larger P3 area and smaller N1 area compared to the dichotic conditions. Finally, all experimental tasks showed that topographic hemispheric activation patterns were asymmetric to the right hemisphere. Findings support the notion that ERP topographic asymmetries may be dependent on specific cognitive task demands (e.g., diotic vs. dichotic modes of presentation). In addition, the data suggest that the P3 component may better reflect interaural advantages for complex tones than the N1 component and may, therefore, be a more sensitive indicator of hemispheric specialization.
CRISPR–Cas9 Genome Engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells

This protocol describes a method for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing that results in scarless and marker-free integrations of DNA into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes. DNA integration results from cotransforming (1) a single plasmid (pCAS) that coexpresses the Cas9 endonuclease and a uniquely engineered single guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassette and (2) a linear DNA molecule that is used to repair the chromosomal DNA damage by homology-directed repair. For target specificity, the pCAS plasmid requires only a single cloning modification: replacing the 20-bp guide RNA sequence within the sgRNA cassette. This CRISPR-Cas9 protocol includes methods for (1) cloning the unique target sequence into pCAS, (2) assembly of the double-stranded DNA repair oligonucleotides, and (3) cotransformation of pCAS and linear repair DNA into yeast cells. The protocol is technically facile and requires no special equipment. It can be used in any S. cerevisiae strain, including industrial polyploid isolates. Therefore, this CRISPR-Cas9-based DNA integration protocol is achievable by virtually any yeast genetics and molecular biology laboratory.
Correlation Functions of a He:Ne Laser with Multiplicative White Noise

Experimental investigations of the light coming out from the dye laser have revealed that fluctuations of laser gain and loss play an important role in determining the statistical properties of the laser1. The effect of gain and loss fluctuations on the statistical properties of laser light can be taken into account by treating the pump parameter as a randomly fluctuating quantity1–4. Since the pump parameter appears multiplied by the field amplitude in the equation of motion for the electric field pump parameter fluctuations give rise to multiplicative noise.
Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease

Primary or nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all strokes, and has a poor prognosis. ICH has a mortality rate of almost 50% when associated with intraventricular hemorrhage within the first month, and 80% rate of dependency at 6 months from onset. Neuroimaging is critical in identifying the underlying etiology and thus assisting in the important therapeutic decisions. There are several imaging modalities available in the workup of patients who present with ICH, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). A review of the current imaging approach, as well as a differential diagnosis of etiologies and imaging manifestations of primary versus secondary intraparenchymal hemorrhage, is presented. Active bleeding occurs in the first hours after symptom onset, with early neurologic deterioration. Identifying those patients who are more likely to have hematoma expansion is an active area of research, and there are many ongoing therapeutic trials targeting this specific patient population at risk.
Myth, History, and Separatism in the Periphery

The emergence of mass nationalism in the Soviet republics is quite properly seen by many scholars as a necessary if not sufficient condition for the collapse of the Soviet state in 1991. These movements for autonomy and then separatism, which emerged in the periphery of the Soviet empire in 1988, were shaped by the destruction of the regime’s official mythology and the revival of ethnic memory.
Gene Probes for Shigella and Escherichia coli

Genetic determinants for virulence factors of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp., causative agents of bacillary dysentery, reside on a 220 kilobase pair (kb) plasmid and on three chromosomal loci. DNA probes, a 17 kb EcoRI and a 2.5 kb HindIII fragment, and synthetic oligonucleotides derived from the nucleotide sequence of several invasive genes specifically hybridize to regions in the plasmid responsible for the invasive properties of these enteric bacteria. The nucleotide sequence of the 2.5 kb HindIII fragment from EIEC and Shigella flexneri was determined. An oligonucleotide probe synthesized on the basis of the DNA sequence of this fragment that corresponds to a putative invasive gene, hybridized only to Sereny-positive enteroinvasive strains and was used to detect S. flexneri cells seeded in foods. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 760 base pair region using the 2.5 kb HindIII fragment from plasmids isolated from enteroinvasive bacteria and from lettuce seeded with S. flexneri as template. The amplified product was identified by agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing.
Application of the normal compositional model to the analysis of hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral sensors have been deployed from airborne and spaceborne platforms to collect imaging spectrometry data for environmental, economic, and military applications including scene classification and material identification. A variety of models have been applied to hyperspectral imagery including the normal mixture (NMM), linear mixture (LMM), and subspace (SM) models, for purposes that include developing land cover classification maps, retrieving environmental parameters, detecting objects of interest, and predicting system performance. None of these models account for both subpixel mixing, i.e., multiple material types occupying the same pixel, and intra-class spectral variability. The stochastic mixture model and the normal compositional model (NCM) were defined to explicitly allow for these characteristics, and to bring second order statistical information to bear on compositional problems. In this paper, the normal compositional model is defined, methods of estimating the parameters are described, and applications that demonstrate its utility are presented.
Corporate Lobbying and the Performance of Initial Public Offerings

Research on firm initial public offering (IPO) performance has primarily utilized an economics of information perspective, which assumes that publicly available information has already been incorpo...
Citrate Salts for Preventing and Treating Calcium-Containing Kidney Stones in Adults

Citrate supplementation reduces stone size to less than 5 mm and prevents new stone formation when compared with placebo or no intervention. Citrate therapy also stabilizes existing stones and decreases the need for retreatment. These benefits come at the expense of upper gastrointestinal disturbances that lead to a higher dropout rate.
Slowed prosaccades and increased antisaccade errors as a potential behavioral biomarker of multiple system atrophy

Current clinical diagnostic tools are limited in their ability to accurately differentiate idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) from Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and other parkinsonian disorders early in the disease course, but eye movements may stand as objective and sensitive markers of disease differentiation and progression. To assess the use of eye movement performance for uniquely characterizing PD and MSA, subjects diagnosed with PD (N=21), MSA (N=11) and age matched controls (C, N=20) were tested on the prosaccade and antisaccade tasks using an infrared eye tracker. Twenty of these subjects were re-tested ~7 months later. Saccade latencies, error rates, and longitudinal changes in saccade latencies were measured. Both PD and MSA patients had greater antisaccade error rates than C subjects, but MSA patients exhibited longer prosaccade latencies than both PD and C patients. With repeated testing, antisaccade latencies improved over time, with benefits in C and PD but not MSA patients. In the prosaccade task, the normal latencies of the PD group show that basic sensorimotor oculomotor function remain intact in mid-stage PD, whereas the impaired latencies of the MSA group suggest additional degeneration earlier in the disease course. Changes in antisaccade latency appeared most sensitive to differences between MSA and PD across short time intervals. Therefore, in these mid-stage patients, increased antisaccade errors combined with slowed prosaccade latencies might serve as a useful marker for early differentiation between PD and MSA, and, antisaccade performance, a measure of MSA progression. Together, our findings suggest that eye movements are promising biomarkers for early differentiation and progression of parkinsonian disorders.
A case study: Injecting safety-critical thinking into graduate software engineering projects

Exposure to safety-critical thinking grows in importance as society increasingly depends upon software to control physical devices with potential safety impacts. In this unique graduate capstone experience we engaged graduate Software Engineering students in the specification, design, implementation, validation, and assurance of potentially safety-critical software-intensive products involving physical devices such as Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles, health-sensors, and/or environmental monitors. While each product had at least one safety-critical usage scenario, it also had harmless test-scenarios which enabled students to design and build with safety-in mind, but to test their product in a safe context. Students engaged in safety-related practices such as hazard analysis, safety-design, safety-assurance, and certification processes. We describe the goals and logistics of the course, discuss student outcomes based on an analysis of the deliverables and student feedback, and suggest ideas for replication and improvement.
Thinking About the 'Ming China' Anew: The Ethnocultural Space In A Diverse Empire-With Special Reference to the 'Miao Territory'

By examining the cultural identity of China's Ming dynasty, this essay challenges two prevalent perceptions of the Ming in existing literature: to presume a monolithic socio-ethno-cultural Chinese empire and to equate the Ming Empire with China (Zhongguo, the “middle kingdom”). It shows that the Ming constructed China as an ethnocultural space rather than a political entity. In essence, China was defined as a Han domain that the Han people inhabited and where Han values were produced, practiced, and preserved in contrast to those of non-Han “barbarians,” be they domestic or foreign. The “Great Ming”—the dynastic title—cannot be confused with China, the ethnocultural space. For the Ming ruling elite, the “Miao territory” in western Huguang and eastern Guizhou provinces represented a land “beyond the pale of civilization” (huawai), which was outside and different from China. The Ming construction of the ethnocultural China connects the imperial heritage to China's modern identity.
Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to Conduct Life Course Health Development Analysis

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) is a nationally representative, longitudinal study of families in the USA that began in 1968. It is the longest-running household panel survey in the world. As of 2015, a total of 39 waves of data have been collected over 47 years. The study currently covers nearly 10,000 families and 25,000 individuals and has achieved reinterview response rates of 96–98% in virtually every wave. PSID interviews collect information on a wide range of economic, demographic, social, and health topics. The study has a genealogical design, and adult children of respondents who split off from their parents to form their own households are recruited into the study. In recent years, PSID has expanded its collection of data on children and young adults through the Child Development Supplement and Transition into Adulthood Supplement, which provide important opportunities to study the early life course. PSID data support research on poverty dynamics and its consequences for individual and family well-being, the intergenerational transmission of human and social capital and health status, and the family and contextual processes surrounding early human capital formation. PSID data and documentation are freely and publicly available on the Internet through the PSID Data Center. Restricted data with geocoded information and administrative data linkages are also available to authorized users under contract. PSID is a unique resource for answering many questions in life course health development research that can be answered with no other data source.
Handling Multiple Scenarios in Evolutionary Multiobjective Numerical Optimization

Solutions to most practical numerical optimization problems must be evaluated for their performance over a number of different loading or operating conditions, which we refer here as scenarios. Therefore, a meaningful and resilient optimal solution must be such that it remains feasible under all scenarios and performs close to an individual optimal solution corresponding to each scenario. Despite its practical importance, multiscenario consideration has received a lukewarm attention, particularly in the context of multiobjective optimization. The usual practice is to optimize for the worst-case scenario. In this paper, we review existing methodologies in this direction and set our goal to suggest a new and potential population-based method for handling multiple scenarios by defining scenario-wise domination principle and scenario-wise diversity-preserving operators. To evaluate, the proposed method is applied to a number of numerical test problems and engineering design problems with a detail explanation of the obtained results and compared with an existing method. This first systematic evolutionary-based multiscenario, multiobjective optimization study on numerical problems indicates that multiple scenarios can be handled in an integrated manner using an evolutionary multiobjective optimization framework to find a well-balanced compromise set of solutions to multiple scenarios and maintain a tradeoff among multiple objectives. In comparison to an existing serial multiple optimization approach, the proposed approach finds a set of compromised tradeoff solutions simultaneously. An achievement of multiobjective tradeoff and multiscenario tradeoff is algorithmically challenging, but due to its practical appeal, further research and application must be spent.
Above and beyond: an exploratory study of breast cancer patient accounts of healthcare provider information-giving practices and informational support

This qualitative study examines breast cancer patients’ accounts of the characteristics of healthcare providers’ supportive information- giving practices. Twenty-two women diagnosed with breast cancer participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews designed to understand their experiences receiving supportive information from healthcare providers (e.g., oncologists, surgeons, nurse practitioners). Participants’ accounts suggest that providers who spend extensive time discussing cancer-related information and who explain that information thoroughly so that patients can understand their medical situation, are communicating informational support in contrast to merely presenting factual information related to cancer diagnosis and treatments. Participant accounts further suggest that the supportive nature of provider information-giving practices results from message framing, or the provider’s metacommunication.
Exploring your Inner Hades: DNA as Mortuary Archaeology

Two revolutions in using human genetics to investigate the past are beginning to have a profound effect on how the public regard heritage and their connection to it. Direct-to-consumer genetic ancestry tests (GATs) are becoming a popular way for the public to explore their familial history and ancestry. Major advances in ancient DNA methods mean that the field is beginning to live up to its early promise. Both of these analyses can be considered forms of public mortuary archaeology in how they are perceived to provide an individual an interface with their recent and more ancient ancestors, their own personal Hades, referring to the Ancient Greek home of the dead. GATs are useful for resolving genealogy and determining the origins of an individual’s recent ancestors, but have been criticized for reifying differences between populations, failing to give clear guidance on how they should be interpreted and making exaggerated links to historic groups of people that are at the heart of genetically determinist nationalistic origin myths. Recent palaeogenomic studies of prehistoric Europeans have found evidence for population discontinuity that will have repercussions for the public’s perception of archaeological mortuary sites and the communities who built them. Public archaeologists are going to have to engage increasingly with these types of data to combat the misappropriation of genetic results in defining rights and affinities to archaeological heritage.
Who Is Quickest with Mind and Fingers

other interesting use, which involves many of these ideas, is a "thinking person's calcu lator race." Such a race is designed to re quire not only a fast touch with the calcu lator but also the ability to apply mathematical knowledge. In preparing for and running such a contest in the class room, you should consider facility needs, question design, and procedures. This ar ticle will discuss these three items and then
Scylladb optimizes database architecture to maximize hardware performance

In Episode 354 of “Software Engineering Radio,” guest Avi Kivity, chief technology officer of ScyllaDB, talks with host Ninchant Suneja about ScyllaDB and what makes it a high-performance version of Cassandra, a distributed key-value data store. To hear the full interview, visit http://www.se-radio.net or access our archives via RSS at http:// feeds.feedburner.com/se-radio.
Thermal acclimation and gene expression in rainbow smelt: Changes in the myotomal transcriptome in the cold.

Rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, have an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water. Rainbow smelt exposed to cold (<5 °C) for an extended period of time have faster sustained swimming speeds and increased contraction kinetics in their myotomal muscle compared to warm acclimated fish. We used RNA Sequencing reactions (RNA-Seq) to explore how gene expression underlies thermal acclimation by muscle in these fish. Transcriptome analysis is limited in species that lack an annotated genome, such as rainbow smelt. The Trinity software package permits the de novo assembly of a rainbow smelt transcriptome with a modest learning curve. The transcriptome was then analyzed with Kallisto to quantify the abundance of each transcript represented in the full transcriptome and Sleuth to analyze the resulting RNA-seq datasets. Subsequently qPCR was used to explore patterns of thermal acclimation and gene expression for genes of metabolic and muscle contractile function. These methodologies revealed shifts in both muscle and metabolic gene expression that contribute to the thermal acclimation response in rainbow smelt. In fast-twitch, anaerobic white muscle, slow isoforms of myosin heavy and light chain tended to be down-regulated with exposure to cold in myotomal muscle, while fast isoforms were unchanged. Genes associated with protein turnover and aerobic metabolism were up-regulated in the white muscle, while those associated with anaerobic metabolism and the cell cycle were down-regulated. Collectively the results suggest that thermal acclimation to cold is complex process of apparent shifts in gene expression.
Numerical Codes for Modes of Legal Reasoning

0 Stat Interp A Striving for a sensible construction of statute so as not to reach an absurd result. 1 Stat Interp B Congress would have been explicit if they wanted to deny these rights. 2 Stat Interp C Determining the meaning of the statute by textual analysis or deduction. 3 Plenary Power It is not for the courts to make changes to policy, Congress has control over this area of law. 4 Proc Due Process The lower court or administrative agency official made an error. 5 Doctrine Citing of legal doctrine and case law. 6 Administrative Discretion Deference to the admin agency (usually the BIA) and the court will only overturn if there was not enough substantial evidence supporting the BIA's determination. 7 Reasonable Decision was reasonable and supported by substantial evidence. 8 Evidence Decided the case based on facts and evidence. 9 Fong Haw Tan Standard from the case Fong Haw Tan v. Phelan , 333 U.S. 6 (1948): “deportation is an extreme measure; we should take care before we deport someone.” 10 National Sovereignty The regulation of a nation's borders, including the determination of which aliens may enter and remain in the United States, is one of any sovereign nation's prerogatives. 11 Harmony of Construction Whenever possible, we should read statutes as not being in conflict with treaties. 12 Foreign Policy Immigration is closely related to Congress's foreign policy functions.
Demand Response and Solar to Mitigate Peak Load

Six hundred houses were simulated in this study of the effect of varying solar photovoltaic penetration levels on peak load. In the simulations, demand response (DR) was implemented in the form of air conditioner (AC) load control to reduce the peak load. Results show that solar generation decreases the peak AC load, but this reduction diminishes as solar penetration increases. On the other hand, depending upon how demand response is implemented, the peak load may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged. GridLAB-D, a power system simulation tool, was used for research purpose.
A brief history of FASEB and its programs and activities.

The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) was formed in 1912 to serve the needs of its four charter societies. Its growth, from these organizations with a little more than 300 members to nearly 30 societies with over 100 000 members, is a tribute to its ability to respond to the changing structure and needs of the experimental biology community. The Federation began as a loosely constructed, single-purpose organization established to facilitate the coordination of the annual meeting of its four member societies. Following World War II, the limitations of this informal structure became readily apparent, and the development of a professional staff under the leadership of Milton O. Lee ushered in the second phase of FASEB's history. Lee oversaw a period of substantial institutional growth, but when he retired in the mid-1960s the unresolved issues of governance and member autonomy loomed large. These became increasingly divisive sources of organizational friction and were not meaningfully resolved until the Williamsburg Retreat of 1989 restructured the Federation and initiated the third phase of its existence. The changes made as a result of this pivotal event gave FASEB a new raison d'etre (public affairs) and made the organization attractive to many other biomedical research societies. Membership grew rapidly in the 1990s and early years of the 21st century. This larger membership, along with changing financial relationships, present new challenges for the Federation and are precipitating another restructuring.
Research and application of Automatic Procedure Start up and shut down of ultra supercritical thermal power unit based on enthalpy control

This paper introduces the automatic plant start-up and stop control system of 1000 MW ultra supercritical secondary reheat coal-fired unit of Huadian Laizhou Power Generation Co., Ltd. The design framework, start-up conditions, functional group design, breakpoint design and control functions of the shutdown system (APS), and the feedwater control based on enthalpy control are optimized. The application results show that the operation of APS system greatly shortens the start-up and shutdown time of the unit, improves the correctness and standardization of the start-up and shutdown of the unit, and has better economic benefits.
Single-particle cryo-EM structure of the outer hair cell motor protein prestin.

Abstract The mammalian outer hair cell (OHC) protein prestin (Slc26a5), a member of the solute carrier 26 (Slc26) family of membrane proteins, differs from other members of the family owing to its unique piezoelectric-like property that drives OHC electromotility. Prestin is required by OHCs for cochlear amplification, a process that enhances mammalian hearing. Despite substantial biophysical characterization, the mechanistic basis for the prestin’s electro-mechanical behavior is not fully understood. To gain insight into such behavior, we have used cryo-electron microscopy at subnanometer resolution (overall resolution of 4.0 A) to investigate the three-dimensional structure of prestin from gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Our studies show that prestin dimerizes with a 3D architecture strikingly similar to the dimeric conformation observed in the Slc26a9 anion transporter in an inside open/intermediate state, which we infer, based on patch clamp recordings, to reflect the contracted state of prestin. The structure shows two well separated transmembrane (TM) subunits and two cytoplasmic sulfate transporter and anti-sigma factor antagonist (STAS) domains forming a swapped dimer. The dimerization interface is defined by interactions between the domain-swapped STAS dimer and the transmembrane domains of the opposing half unit, further strengthened by an antiparallel beta strand at its N terminus. The structure also shows that each one of its two transmembrane subunits consists of 14 transmembrane segments organized in two inverted 7-segment repeats with a topology that was first observed in the structure of bacterial symporter UraA (Lu F, et al., Nature 472, 2011). Finally, the solved anion binding site structural features of prestin are quite similar to that of Slc26a9 and other family members. Despite this similarity, we find that Slc26a9 lacks the characteristic displacement currents (or NonLinear Capacitance(NLC)) found with prestin, and we show that mutation of prestin’s Cl- binding site removes salicylate competition with anions in the face of normal NLC, thus refuting the yet accepted extrinsic voltage sensor hypothesis and any associated transport-like requirements for voltage-driven electromotility.
Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene Strata in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene section of Southwestern Alabama in United States of America. The Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene section of Southwestern Alabama has been of particular interest to stratigraphers over the years because these strata represent one of the most complete exposed marine Eocene–Oligocene sections in North America. The Eocene–Oligocene contact is preserved in a limestone quarry. At St. Stephens Quarry and Little Stave Creek, the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, as recognized because of planktonic foraminifera, occurs at or near the top of the Shubuta Clay Member of the Yazoo Clay. The Eocene–Oligocene boundary is defined worldwide because of the change in planktonic foraminiferal assemblages across this datum. As recognized because of calcareous nannoplankton, the Eocene-Oligocene boundary at St. Stephens Quarry could be placed at the disconformity in the Pachuta Marl Member and at the top of the Pachuta Marl Member of the Yazoo Clay at Little Stave Creek.
Damage of Composite Materials Subjected to Projectile Penetration Using High Resolution X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography

A fundamental understanding associated with the damage resulting from a localized impact from a penetrating spherical projectile in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is evaluated using a micro-focus based and high resolution x-ray computed tomography system. Radiation (x-rays) based imaging provides three dimensional information of the microstructure of the composite sample in terms of the state of the matter and distribution of various phases corresponding to fibers, resin, initial manufacturing defects, resulting cracks and delaminations in quantitative fashion for identifying underlying damage and failure mechanisms. Detailed damage associated with the composite panels subjected to intermediate (194 m/s) and high velocity (354 m/s) impact of a 12 mm steel projectile on normal and oblique loading is reported in this paper. Though the energy absorbed by the panels are similar in both types of impact loading, damage and the dominant failure mechanism are observed to be very different for various lay-ups through thickness.
El proyecto nacional colombiano y la defensa de la aristocracia en Pax y El alférez real

Se da cuenta de la influencia de las obras Pax: novela de costumbres latinoamericanas y El alferez real en la construccion del discurso nacional colombiano.
Supporting multimedia conferencing with implicit multicast

IP multicast is not suitable to support multimedia conferencing for several important reasons, particularly its routing scheme, method of addressing and lack of group management. Building on the results of the implicit multicast (IMcast) routing protocol, we describe a network architecture for the present day Internet to support multimedia conferencing. IMcast enables us to use a multicast address space separate from that of unicast. Instead of a flat class D address, the IMcast multicast address has a hierarchical structure to identify multicast subnets, conferences and streams. We introduce a new class of network elements called multicast information servers (MIS) to effect group management such as address allocation, group discovery, connection set up and reconfiguration using SIP or HTTP. A working prototype of the service model exists
Where to place your eggs: the effects of conspecific eggs and water depth on oviposition decisions in bluefin killifish

In species with external development, egg placement is expected to impact the fitness of females and males via offspring survival. Both environmental and social cues influence the placement of eggs. In nest building fishes with male parental care, females frequently prefer to lay eggs in areas where eggs are already present. Most studies on female oviposition strategies have focused on species where males build nests and care for the eggs. However, few studies have examined oviposition strategies in species lacking parental care. This study tested whether female bluefin killifish Lucania goodei prefer to lay eggs in spawning substrates that already contain eggs from other females. The unique aspect of this study is that L. goodei is a non-nest building species with no parental care and high levels of iteroparity. Females preferred to lay eggs in areas where eggs were already present but these effects decreased with increasing clutch size. We suggest that females prefer to lay small bouts of eggs in areas already containing eggs of other females, but that in nature, they distribute these eggs across multiple males and locations. By doing so, females may increase the probability of offspring survival via either the dilution effect (reduced individual probability of predation due to increased group size) or the selection of ‘good locations’ for offspring development.
Dexmedetomidine for infant pulmonary function testing.

Summary For the last thirty years, oral chloral hydrate has been used for sedation of infants for lung function testing. Recently, however, availability of chloral hydrate became severely limited in the United States after two manufacturers discontinued manufacturing in 2012. Due to these limitations and the recent and ongoing shortage of chloral hydrate, other medications have been proposed for lung function testing, including midazolam and propofol. Herein, we describe our limited experience using intravenous dexmedetomedine (DMED), a medication thus far described as having minimal effect on pulmonary function or respiratory drive. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:150–154. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Care Plan Builder: an expert system for the bedside nurse

The authors present a working prototype of Care Plan Builder (CPBuilder), a computer tool for nursing that utilizes expert system technology in the development of patient care plans. CPBuilder is a specialized component of NURSExpert. The rule base used in CPBuilder was compiled by a veteran nurse with over 20 years experience in the obstetrical unit of a major urban hospital. The authors summarize the process she used in translating daily nursing duties into a functional knowledge base. They prove the assertion that a veteran nurse is capable of understanding the complexities involved in expert system development. The present work contributes to validating the use of nursing expert systems in a hospital computing environment. System examples have been implemented using the Level 5 expert system shell. >
Is the anesthesiologist necessary in the endoscopy suite? A review of patients, payers and safety

The use of propofol for sedation during endoscopy has been increasing, particularly given its association with superior patient satisfaction. Propofol sedation may also allow for higher quality endoscopy exams, increased efficiency of endoscopy suites and most particularly, permit better patient compliance with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. However, propofol is typically provided by anesthesia specialists via monitored anesthesia care, and is associated with significant economic burden. Given the increasing use of monitored anesthesia care, which adds significant costs to endoscopy, payers are likely to react with changes in payer policies. One alternative to monitored anesthesia care is non-anesthesiologist administered propofol, which due to safety concerns and a lack of reimbursement has not been widely adopted in the US.
Infrared spectra of single crystals: Part II. Four forms of octadecanoic acid☆

Abstract The infrared spectra of four different crystal forms of octadecanoic acid were investigated with the aid of a Perkin-Elmer Model 112 double-pass spectrometer equipped with polarizer and reflecting microscope. For the triclinic A -form spectra of a single crystal were observed with the electric field in the linearly polarized incident radiation parallel and perpendicular to the skeletal planes of the methylene chains. For the monoclinic B - and C -forms spectra were obtained of single crystals, and of suitably cut slices of single crystals, with the electric field parallel to the a -axis, the b -axis, the c -axis, and perpendicular to the c -axis. A new, evidently monoclinic, crystal form was discovered, and spectra of a single crystal of this form were obtained with the electric vector parallel to the a - and b -axes. Deuterated octadecanoic acid, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COOD, was prepared, and spectra were obtained of single crystals having the C -form and the new form. The spectral data were used to verify, extend or revise previous interpretations of the infrared bands of octadecanoic acid.
Stability of bupivacaine hydrochloride and hydromorphone hydrochloride during simulated epidural coadministration

Bupivacaine hydrochloride 625 and 1250 micrograms/mL and hydromorphone hydrochloride 20 and 100 micrograms/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stable and compatible for up to 72 hours under fluorescent light when stored in polyvinyl chloride containers at 24 degrees C.
Nonurgent Use of the Emergency Department by Pediatric Patients: A Theory-Guided Approach for Primary and Acute Care Pediatric Nurse Practitioners

Providing quality, cost-effective care to children and their families in the appropriate setting is the goal of nurse practitioners in primary and acute care. However, increased utilization of the emergency department (ED) for nonurgent care threatens cost-effective quality care, interrupts continuity of care, and contributes to ED overcrowding. To date, descriptive research has identified demographics of those using the ED for nonurgent care, the chief complaints of children seeking nonurgent care, the cost to the health care system of pediatric nonurgent care, and characteristics of associated primary care settings. Using Donabedian's Model of Quality of Healthcare and a Theory of Dependent Care by Taylor and colleagues, acute and primary care pediatric nurse practitioners can incorporate interventions that will channel care to the appropriate setting and educate caregivers regarding common childhood illnesses and the value of continuity of care. By using a theoretical framework as a guide, this article will help both acute and primary care pediatric nurse practitioners understand why parents seek nonurgent care for their children in the ED and actions they can take to ensure that care is provided in an optimal setting.
Perceptions of alcohol risk among individuals living with HIV

Abstract The documented prevalence of alcohol use among individuals with HIV is higher than reported among the general public. Little is known about how populations with HIV perceive the risks of alcohol use and what they consider to be safe levels of consumption. This qualitative study was conducted to increase understanding of the situations and environments in which alcohol is consumed and to explore the perceptions of risks among individuals with HIV, who were engaged in medical care and using alcohol regularly. Nineteen qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. The major themes that arose from these analyses were patterns of alcohol use, perceptions of risk based on the type of alcohol used, and the impact alcohol had on health. Findings suggest that alcohol is used regularly with little perception of risk; alcohol is perceived to have little effect on health and HIV progression; and providers rarely discuss alcohol use with patients. Future research includes assessment of alc...