cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not so far out

In their interesting article "Turbulence: a universal phenomenon" (August pp35–40), Victor L'vov and Itamar Procaccia contrast their subject with particle physics and cosmology. They say that the physics of phenomena on the human scale is widely considered less important than physics on the smallest (Planck) or the largest (cosmic) scales. They argue that this attitude is wrong, and mention the applications of physics to biology and medicine. They also make a powerful case for the importance of turbulence as an area of basic physics and as a subject that has potential for engineering applications.
Retinal oxidative stress at the onset of diabetes determined by synchrotron FTIR widefield imaging: towards diabetes pathogenesis.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that can lead to blindness. In the present study, we aimed to determine the nature of diabetes-induced, highly localized biochemical changes in the neuroretina at the onset of diabetes. High-resolution synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (s-FTIR) wide field microscopy coupled with multivariate analysis (PCA–LDA) was employed to identify biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy with spatial resolution at the cellular level. We compared the retinal tissue prepared from 6-week-old Ins2Akita/+ heterozygous (Akita/+, N = 6; a model of diabetes) male mice with the wild-type (control, N = 6) mice. Male Akita/+ mice become diabetic at 4-weeks of age. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in the presence of biomarkers associated with diabetes and segregation of spectra were achieved. Differentiating IR bands attributed to nucleic acids (964, 1051, 1087, 1226 and 1710 cm−1), proteins (1662 and 1608 cm−1) and fatty acids (2854, 2923, 2956 and 3012 cm−1) were observed between the Akita/+ and the WT samples. A comparison between distinctive layers of the retina, namely the photoreceptor retinal layer (PRL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner nucleus layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) suggested that the photoreceptor layer is the most susceptible layer to oxidative stress in short-term diabetes. Spatially-resolved chemical images indicated heterogeneities and oxidative-stress induced alterations in the diabetic retina tissue morphology compared with the WT retina. In this study, the spectral biomarkers and the spatial biochemical alterations in the diabetic retina and in specific layers were identified for the first time. We believe that the conclusions drawn from these studies will help to bridge the gap in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pathobiology of diabetic retinopathy.
Optimal environment-friendly economic restructuring: the United States–China cooperation case study

This paper discusses a model for the restructuring of national economies for the purpose of achieving optimal growth under conditions of decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The discussion combines input–output and factorial-decomposition models, and applies projected gradient and factor analysis to find the optimal structural changes that serve all three goals. A comparative analysis of the economies of the United States and China, including opportunities for cooperative restructuring, serves as a case study.
Perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism: current concepts and treatment options

Purpose of reviewAnesthesiologists are familiar with pulmonary emboli prophylaxis paradigms and many have witnessed acute intraoperative embolization. Clinicians must balance conservative anticoagulation and aggressive intervention in perioperative submassive pulmonary emboli, yet the bulk of the li
Selective Recognition of RNA Substrates by ADAR Deaminase Domains

Adenosine deamination is one of the most prevalent post-transcriptional modifications in mRNA and is catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2 in humans. ADAR1 and ADAR2 have different substrate selectivity, which is believed to mainly originate from the proteins' deaminase domains (hADAR1d and hADAR2d, respectively). RNA-seq of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome subjected to ADAR-catalyzed RNA editing identified substrates with common secondary structure features preferentially edited by hADAR1d over hADAR2d. The relatively small size and efficient reaction of one of these substrates suggested it could be useful for further study of the hADAR1d reaction. Indeed, a short hairpin stem from the S. cerevisiae HER1 mRNA was efficiently deaminated by hADAR1d and used to generate an hADAR1d-specific fluorescent reporter of editing activity. Using substrates preferred by either hADAR1d or hADAR2d in vitro, we found that a chimeric protein bearing an RNA-binding loop from hADAR2d grafted onto hADAR1d showed ADAR2-like selectivity. Finally, a high-throughput mutagenesis analysis (Sat-FACS-Seq) of conserved residues in an RNA-binding loop of hADAR1d revealed essential amino acids for function, advancing our understanding of RNA recognition by this domain.
Bone Health Laboratory Assessments

Ensuring optimal bone accrual and assessing bone health measures when concerns arise are important aspects of adolescent health care. This chapter reviews laboratory assessments which may be considered, including available normative data, which laboratory assessments are most useful in the initial evaluation of common disorders and concerns, and when a referral to an endocrinologist or other bone specialist should be considered.
Theological Versus Interactional Models of Religious Influence: Toward a Synthesis:

Each of the articles just presented in this issue calls for greater emphasis on theology in social scientific studies of religion. White (1968), however, advocated an interactional approach to the study of religion which he considered to be in direct opposition with theological approaches. At a time when religion in America is becoming more diverse, through formation of new religions, intradenominational diversity and theological dissent, and growth in numbers of individuals formulating their own personal theologies, social scientists need to combine theological and interactional approaches to adequately portray the nature and place of religion in society. After comments on each of the articles, an argument for and discussion of possible means to achieve that synthesis are presented.
Letter by Zei Regarding Article, "Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation".

I read with interest the article, “Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation” by Lau et al1 in the August 8, 2017, issue of Circulation . We electrophysiologists who manage patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and specifically perform catheter ablation for AF should all have a deep and vested interest in the emerging concept of modifiable risk factors associated with AF. The problem in our field continues to be an unacceptably high recurrence rate of AF and the resultant high frequency of redo procedures after initial AF ablation, despite advancements in catheter ablation …
Rate Efficient Channel Coding Techniques and Estimation of Channel Reliability

Channel coding is a way of encoding data in a communication channel that adds patterns of redundancy into the transmission path to lower the error rate. Such methods are widely used in wireless communications. In this paper, an effort has been made to estimate the reliability of channel using the concept of channel polarization on polar codes. The legacy coding schemes like Turbo and LDPC codes outperform the basic polar codes successive cancellation decoding algorithm. A performance analysis has been to compare the schemes and it has been shown that there is a need to improve the basic successive cancellation decoder in terms of error performance for channel coding, as a result of which the performance of List decoding has been proven to outperform the basic decoding scheme but with a higher decoding complexity.
Response to Conventional Therapy and Targeted Molecular Therapy

Currently, the standard chemotherapy regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involves platinum-based anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, which functions by the formation of bulky platinum DNA adducts, along with a third-generation agent such as paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, or irinotecan.1, 2, 3, 4 Nonplatinum agents such as docetaxel, a taxane that functions by disrupting microtubule dynamics via β-tubulin binding, are also frequently used to treat NSCLC patients.4,5 Vinorelbine, a vinca alkaloid, have also been used with some success in treating NSCLC patients.1 The benefits of these standard systemic chemotherapeutic agents is limited for patients with advanced NSCLC, with half of those patients exhibiting an 8- to 11-month median survival despite cisplatinbased therapy.2,6 Along with troubling cisplatin toxicity, the development of cisplatin resistance has become a serious concern.1,3
Economical and compact briefcase spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system for primary care and point-of-care applications

Development of low-cost and portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems is of global interest in the OCT research community. Such systems enable utility broadly throughout a clinical facility, or in remote areas that often lack clinical infrastructure. We report the development and validation of a low-cost, portable briefcase spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system for point-of-care diagnostics in primary care centers and/or in remote settings. The self-contained briefcase OCT contains all associated optical hardware, including light source, spectrometer, hand-held probe, and a laptop. Additionally, this system utilizes unique real-time mosaicking of surface video images that are synchronized with rapid A-scan acquisition to eliminate the need for lateral scanning hardware, and enable the construction of cross-sectional B-mode images over extended lateral distances. The entire briefcase system weighs 9 kg and costs ∼USD$8000 using off-the-shelf components. System performance was validated by acquiring images of in vivo human skin on the fingertip, palm, and nail fold. The efficiency, portability, and low-cost enable accessibility and utility in primary care centers and low-resource settings.
The 2003 Dividend Tax Cut and Corporate Dividend Policy: How Much Do Agency Problems Matter?

Firms use dividends not only to payout extra capital, but also to send signals about the internal financial health of the firms, their internal efficiency or to attract particular types of shareholders. Moreover, firms are heterogeneous in their dividend policies even within the same industry. Little attention has been paid to understand how changes in dividend tax regime influence firms' dividend policy from firm level attributes. In this paper, I study the 2003 dividend tax cut and its influence on the dividend policy of the publicly traded firms in the United States. Specifically, I find that all firms in our database increased dividend payout after the tax cut. However, in contradiction to the agency theory, the level of institutional shareholding does not seem to have influenced the change in dividend payout. On the other hand, I find statistically significant difference in the change of dividend policy between the small and large firms in my database. Interestingly, after controlling for the smaller firms capital expenditures, I find these firms' increased their leverage level to payout higher dividends. I conclude that such counter intuitive behavior of the smaller firms could more likely be understood using a more firm level behavioral perspective than the traditional financial economics theories.
Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract Does Not Elicit Hepatotoxic Effects and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Lean B6C3F 1 Mice

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxic potential and effects on the gut microbiome of decaffeinated green tea extract (dGTE) in lean B6C3F1 mice. Gavaging dGTE over a range of 1X–10X mouse equivalent doses (MED) for up to two weeks did not elicit significant histomorphological, physiological, biochemical or molecular alterations in mouse livers. At the same time, administration of dGTE at MED comparable to those consumed by humans resulted in significant modulation of gut microflora, with increases in Akkermansia sp. being most pronounced. Results of this study demonstrate that administration of relevant-to-human-consumption MED of dGTE to non-fasting mice does not lead to hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, dGTE administered to lean mice, caused changes in gut microflora comparable to those observed in obese mice. This study provides further insight into the previously reported weight management properties of dGTE; however, future studies are needed to fully evaluate and understand this effect.
Bordetella pertussis in a four-time kidney transplant recipient: A call for immunization programs at transplant centers.

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused most frequently by Bordetella pertussis. Clinical presentation ranges in severity, but life-threatening illness disproportionately affects children and immunocompromised individuals. Acellular vaccines for pertussis have been available for decades, and they are recommended throughout the lifespan. A patient who had received a kidney transplant presented with respiratory distress and dry cough as manifestations of co-infection with B pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis/bronchiseptica. The goal of this case report was to highlight the importance of immunization programs at transplant centers, which are in the unique position to care for patients both with end-stage organ disease and in the post-transplant setting.
Correcting Current-Induced Magnetometer Errors on UAVs: An Online Model-Based Approach

The yaw attitude of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is important for navigation applications. Magnetometers are attractive because they can directly resolve the yaw attitude of the UAV. Roboticists, however, often dismiss magnetometers because of the instrument’s susceptibility to unwanted magnetic sources, such as hard irons, soft irons and electric currents generated by the UAV’s powertrain. Dynamic current-induced magnetometer biases are especially hard to fix because of their time dependency. A hardware fix is to isolate or shield the current carrying wires of the powertrain from the magnetometer. However, for UAVs with weight and space restrictions, this solution may not be feasible. An alternative is to fix the errors using software. This work takes the software approach. Specifically, a model for the current-induced magnetometer bias as a function of the throttle command is established. Based on this model, an adaptive estimator is developed that determines the model parameters in realtime. The advantage of our method over existing techniques is the ability to handle rapid changes in throttle command, thanks to the inclusion of the bias model. Experiments show the estimator can compensate for the current-induced magnetometer bias across all throttle settings and yaw angles.
Moving beyond the ecosystem in ecosystem health report cards

Early ecosystem health report cards focused on assessing the health of natural ecosystems, producing a “snapshot” of ecosystem health at one point in time. Ecosystem health report cards are used to...
Macroborings in Otodus megalodon and Otodus chubutensis shark teeth from the submerged shelf of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA: implications for processes of lag deposit formation

The shallow continental shelf in the Cape Fear Region of southwestern Onslow Bay, North Carolina, contains lag deposits with an abundance of megatoothed shark teeth belonging to Otodus megalodon (A...
‘Las penas con pan son menos’: Race, Modernity and Wheat in Modern Mexico

AbstractIn post-revolutionary Mexico, wheat became the gateway to modernity, the element that would transform indigenous peoples into mestizos and the working class into middle class. Growing wheat...
A Predictive Modeling Approach to Estimating Seismic Retrofit Costs

This paper presents a methodology for estimating seismic retrofit costs from historical data. In particular, historical retrofit cost data from FEMA 156 is used to build a generalized linear model (GLM) to predict retrofit costs as a function of building characteristics. While not as accurate as an engineering professional's estimate, this methodology is easy to apply to generate quick estimates and is especially useful for decision makers with large building portfolios. Moreover, the predictive modeling approach provides a measure of uncertainty in terms of prediction error. The paper uses prediction error to compare different modeling choices, including the choice of distribution for costs. Finally, the proposed retrofit cost model is implemented to estimate the cost to retrofit a portfolio of federal buildings. The application illustrates how the choice of distribution affects cost estimates.
Female gun owners: Differences by household and personal gun ownership

This study examines 1) how female personal gun owners, female household gun owners, and female non-owners differ in demographic characteristics, handgun exposure and gun-related attitudes; and 2) h...
Relationship between lifestyle interventions and glycemic level in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To determine the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Methods MEDLINE (Pub Med),EMBASE,Science Citation Index (SCI),and Cochrane Database were retrieved for articles about the relations of lifestyle intervention and IGT.Searches were limited to English language publications.The RCTs outcome evaluated in this study included 2 h plasma glucose level and fasting plasma glucose,meta-analysis was carried oat by Stata 11.0 among articles for the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The difference of effects was expressed as standardized mean deviation(SMD).Results A total of 10 RCTs studies met the inclusion criteria.Lifestyle interventions were associated with a decline in 2 h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose level (SMD =-0.67,P＜0.01 ;SMD =-0.33,P＜0.01),but high heterogeneity was identified in this meta-analysis.Conclusion Physical,dietary and both combined interventions can reduce 2-h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose levels in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.As high heterogeneity was identified in this meta-analysis,more high quality research is needed. Key words: Lifestyle ; Intervention ; Impaired glucose tolerance ; meta analysis
Determination of pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) based on colour change levels by using data mining.

Colour is an essential parameter at product quality control stages, and finally, it is necessary for the consumer marketing decision. It is possible to damage the products during the process from collection to storage. Also, it is a well-known condition, cold environmental conditions protect fruits from deformations negative effects, but most of the time, most of the consumers keep the fruits at room temperature in open packs during the consumption process. Also, this condition affects the product storage time. In this study, it is aimed that to determine the behaviours of the fruits in room temperature and humidity conditions. For this aim the colour change of the damaged pears were determined, in another term, colour change value from red to green and yellow to blue at the damaged pears were determined with lightness values by using image analysis technique and analysed with data mining methods. For this purpose, 100 “Akca” pear and 100 “Deveci” local pear cultivar used for experiments. Fruits were equally damaged by using a pendulum mechanism. The damaged fruits were kept at room temperature. Colour change areas on fruits were evaluated with X-rite Ci60 spectrophotometer, and the hardness of fruits was measured by using a fruit penetrometer. The colour (L, a, b) and ΔE values were analysed for the fruit cultivars. The relationship between fruit hardness and colour change were also demonstrated. The predictions were done supervised machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree and Neural Networks with Meta-Learning Techniques; Majority Voting and Random Forest) by using KNIME Analytics software. The classifier performance (accuracy, error, F-Measure, Cohen's Kappa, recall, precision, true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), false negative (FN) values were given at the conclusion section of the research. The best prediction were found at the Majority Voting method (MAVL) 98.458 % success given with 70% partitioning.
Development and Application of a Method for Real Time Motor Fault Detection

Abstract Predictive maintenance (PdM) has been widely used in manufacturing to reduce maintenance cost and unexpected downtime. A common element within manufacturing equipment/machines is a motor. This paper aims to detect motor faults by collecting and analyzing vibration data with wireless sensors. A cloud-based motor condition monitoring system is also built to detect motor faults by analyzing the data. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) model is trained using the collected vibration data, and principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to detect abnormal behaviors of the motor. Hostelling’s T2 statistics and squared prediction error (SPE) statistics are then applied to clarify criterions for abnormal operations of the motor.
Utilization of Standard Method Performance Requirements for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Environmental Samples.

BACKGROUND Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a long-standing public health problem. Infected animals shed the organism, resulting in aerosol transmission to humans. This organism can potentially be used as a bioterrorism weapon and is on the Department of Health and Human Service Select Agent List. Assay development for detecting C. burnetii in environmental samples has been limited. OBJECTIVE We describe the use of Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) 2015.011 to detect Coxiella in air filters and liquids to validate additional environmental samples. METHOD SMPR 2015.011 was used to validate a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) assay developed to detect C. burnetii DNA in powder samples submitted to the public health laboratory for biothreat analysis. RESULTS Our laboratory developed an assay to detect the icd gene of C. burnetii. The LOD for the assay was 33 gene copies per rtPCR reaction in buffer and 260 in each of the three separate powdered samples. CONCLUSIONS The SMPR 2015.011 allowed validation of an assay to detect Coxiella nucleic acid in an environmental sample. The assay was sensitive, robust, specific, and able to detect this select agent in powders. HIGHLIGHTS Development of detection assays for agents that are difficult to culture and have limited validation material available can be problematic for manufacturers. Using the SMPR 2015.011 developed for the detection of Coxiella as well as the SMPR 2016.012 for the detection of Variola, we demonstrated that assays can be appropriately validated using alternative approaches.
Active Phase – Week 2

In Week 2, two key strategies are introduced in group: planners and To-Do lists. Additionally, group content also includes a discussion of the causes of ADHD, tips for finding helpful resources with accurate information about ADHD, prioritizing systems and strategies, and instruction on recognizing maladaptive thinking patterns. To supplement group content, mentors will help students with the implementation of planners and To-Do lists. Mentors will also review information about the causes of ADHD, available resources, and ways to recognize and manage maladaptive thinking patterns.
Trying Times: Conservation Easements and Federal Tax Law (Sept. 2020)

Since 2005, the courts have decided more than 90 cases involving challenges to deductions claimed with respect to conservation easement donations. More than 135 opinions have been issued in these cases due to appeals, motions for reconsideration, and the issuance of separate opinions addressing specific issues. This outline, which is updated annually, discusses the case law and other developments in the conservation easement donation context.
Zooming into Cosmetic Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Provider’s Perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a massive shift toward virtual living, with video-conferencing now a primary means of communication for both work and social events. Individuals are finding themselves staring at their own video reflection, often for hours a day, scrutinizing a distorted image on screen and developing a negative self-perception. This survey study of over 100 board-certified dermatologists across the country elucidates a new problem of Zoom dysmorphia, where patients seek cosmetic procedures to improve their distorted appearance on video-conferencing calls.
Teaching and Learning in the Time of COVID: The Student Perspective

This article describes findings from the Survey of Student Perceptions of Remote Teaching and Learning, which was administered to a random national sample of 1,008 U.S. undergraduates taking for-credit college courses that began with in-person classes and shifted to remote instruction in spring 2020. Course satisfaction levels were much lower after courses moved online, and students recounted an array of barriers to their continued learning. More than 1 in 6 students experienced frequent internet connectivity issues and/or hardware and software problems severe enough to interfere with their ability to continue learning in their courses. Students from all backgrounds struggled to stay motivated and missed getting immediate instructor feedback and collaborating with their fellow students. Students of color and students from lower-income households experienced more challenges than did non-Hispanic White students and students from higher-income households. However, even with the challenges of an unplanned shift to remote learning, a majority of students were at least somewhat satisfied with their learning in the course after COVID, and satisfaction was higher for those courses using more of the practices recommended for effective online instruction.
Path integrals for stochastic hybrid reaction-diffusion processes

We construct a functional path integral for a stochastic hybrid reaction-diffusion (RD) equation, in which the reaction term depends on the discrete state of a randomly switching environment. We proceed by spatially discretizing the RD system and using operator methods and coherent spin states to derive a path integral representation of the lattice model. The path integral specifies the distribution of trajectories in a state-space consisting of the set of local concentrations and the environmental state. Taking the continuum limit yields a path integral for the stochastic hybrid RD equation. We show how in the semi-classical limit, the stochastic dynamics reduces to a system of Langevin equations. The latter consists of an RD equation coupled to a stochastic probability function $z$ that evolved according to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with multiplicative noise. On eliminating the variable $z$, we obtain an RD equation driven by nonlocal spatiotemporal noise. This is used to determine leading order corrections to the mean-field RD equation. We then apply the theory to the example of diffusion with stochastically gated adsorption under dimerization. Comparison with the classical problem of diffusion-limited pair-annihilation suggests that the adsorption model exhibits anomalous large-time behavior in one and two spatial dimensions. This motivates an alternative path integral formulation based on an RD master equation that treats diffusion as a set of hopping reactions and incorporates the effects of a randomly switching environment. A small noise expansion now yields a stochastic RD equation with both real and complex noise sources. Finally, diagrammatic and renormalization group methods are used to determine the anomalous large-time behavior of the mean concentration at the upper critical dimension $d_c=2$.
Comprehensive medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) should undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation to determine the underlying etiology and help guide treatment and counseling. In this article, we review the indications and rationale for medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral SNHL, including history and physical examination, imaging, genetic testing, specialist referrals, cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing, and other laboratory tests. Workup begins with a history and physical examination, which can provide clues to the etiology of SNHL, particularly with syndromic causes. If SNHL is diagnosed within the first 3 weeks of life, CMV testing should be performed to identify patients that may benefit from antiviral treatment. If SNHL is diagnosed after 3 weeks, testing can be done using dried blood spots samples, if testing capability is available. Genetic testing is oftentimes successful in identifying causes of hearing loss as a result of recent technological advances in testing and an ever-increasing number of identified genes and genetic mutations. Therefore, where available, genetic testing should be performed, ideally with next generation sequencing techniques. Ophthalmological evaluation must be done on all children with SNHL. Imaging (high-resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) should be performed to assess for anatomic causes of hearing loss and to determine candidacy for cochlear implantation when indicated. Laboratory testing is indicated for certain etiologies, but should not be ordered indiscriminately since the yield overall is low.
Klinik der ESWL und therapeutischer Ausblick

In der modernen Medizin ist zunehmend eine Entwicklung zu beobachten, bei der rein operative Verfahren durch den Einsatz moderner Technologien teilweise erganzt oder gar ersetzt werden. Gerade in der Urologie hat diese Entwicklung in den letzten Jahren besondere Bedeutung bekornrnen.
Aesthetic Forms of Expression as Information Delivery Units

In this paper we explore the hypothesis that aesthetic forms of expression – such as music, painting, video – can be used for direct information delivery. In contrast to text or verbal narrative techniques, which require a conscious act of transcoding, these aesthetic forms stimulate a more direct, emotional response. If shown viable, such a hypothesis could open new channels for the delivery of various types of information, providing us with a background information channel in situations of information overload, leaving our foreground concentrated on the more thought-demanding tasks.
Dorsal-ventral pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo: the role of zygotically active genes.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the zygotically active genes that specify the dorsal, the ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo. These genes respond to a gradient of maternal positional information that defines their realms of activity, and they, in turn, fix these domains and may direct subsequent patterning within these regions. Since these genes respond to and interpret maternal positional information, they are, in a sense, the dorsal–ventral counterparts of the anterior–posterior segmentation genes. Most of the zygotically expressed genes, known to be required for the dorsal–ventral patterning in the embryo, are defined in the saturation mutagenesis experiments. From the cuticular phenotypes of the differentiated mutant embryos, genes that are required to allow the normal development of specific regions of the dorsal–ventral pattern are identified. The analysis of the mutant phenotypes and the molecular characterization of the regulation and activity of the zygotically required dorsal–ventral patterning genes have provided important insights into the relationships between the cell position and differentiated fate. Three primary dorsal–ventral embryonic fields are defined in response to the maternal morphogen gradient. To establish these three fields, zygotically active dorsal–ventral patterning genes are transcribed locally in response to define the thresholds of maternal morphogen, and, in addition, the activities of their gene products are also essential in defining the extents of the three fields.
Modeling, simulation, control and optimization paradigms for E.coli bacteria

This paper examines possible mechanisms of control and decision-making in Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria. In particular, by making use available experimental data, we illustrate that many phenomena can be studied applying viable optimization paradigms. The simulation and data-intensive analysis performed illustrate that the proposed methods suitable to coherently examine complex behavior of biosystems. In particular, bacteria perform the following synergetic functions: intelligence, learning, adaptation, analysis, sensing, decision-making, planning, coordination, etc. For example, complex swarming patterns are observed. The ultimate objective was to develop mathematical foundations and apply the results for complex multi-agent systems that require adaptive distributed control in highly dynamic adverse environments.
Email Negotiation Simulation: Live8

The Live8 simulation-game is an educational tool for training in online negotiation. Designed for to be used at the intermediate level, it provides a setting for negotiation skills, business considerations, cultural differences and ideology to play out in the online environment, with students communicating via email.Students can be assigned reading material on the topic of email negotiation, including:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2348111http://ssrn.com/abstract=2167856http://ssrn.com/abstract=1392474Teachers interested in use of online simulations and online teaching, to teach negotiation, mediation and conflict management, might find these resources helpful:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1916792http://ssrn.com/abstract=2409075 For a mediation simulation conducted via email, see: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2393046
Teaching Ethics at a Military Academy

Wrage, Stephen. (2011) Teaching Ethics at a Military Academy.International Studies Perspectives,doi: 10.1111/j.1528-3585.2011.00452.x © 2011 International Studies Association This article offers the reflections of a civilian instructor in ethics after 20 years of teaching at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis. It describes his efforts to provide the midshipmen in his classes a realistic, practical, yet very demanding preview of the ethical challenges they will face once they are officers deployed to the fleet.
The Economics of Public International Law

This paper is a preliminary draft for eventual inclusion in the Handbook of Law and Economics, A. Mitchell Polinsky & Steven Shavell editors. It reviews and synthesizes the work of economists and law and economics scholars in the field of public international law. The bulk of that work has been in the area of international trade, but many of the ideas in the trade literature have implications for other subfields. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on other topics as well. The paper begins with a general framework for thinking about the positive and normative economics of public international law, and then proceeds to a treatment of specific topics including customary law, strategic alliances and the laws of war, international trade, international investment, international antitrust, human rights law, conflicts of law, and the international commons (fisheries).
The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) gradients exist among US adolescents for self-rated health and for 5 diseases that cause serious adolescent and continuing adult morbidity. METHODS: Baseline data from 15,483 adolescent and parental surveys from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used. SES indicators included parental education and occupation, and household income. Dependent variables included self-rated health and the presence of depression, obesity, asthma, suicide attempt in the past year, and prior sexually transmitted disease. RESULTS: SES gradients were found for self-rated health, depression, and obesity (P < .01). Suicide attempt was linearly associated with income (P < .01). After adjustment for other SES and sociodemographic factors, education and income remained independent correlates of both depression and obesity; income remained an independent correlate of attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in susceptibility to social...
Occupational photosensitivity to diaminodiphenylmethane.

Un cas chez un patient presentant une photosensibilite aigue. L'erection de l'exposition solaire et des vetements de protection ont permis au patient de continuer son travail (installation de lignes telephoniques exterieures)
Jedidiah morse and the bavarian illuminati: An essay in the rhetoric of conspiracy

This study examines the role of the the jeremiad in shaping public attitudes toward political dissent during the Franco‐American Crisis of 1798‐99. Attention is focused on three widely publicized sermons in which the Reverend Jedidiah Morse disclosed details of a dark conspiracy involving both domestic critics of the Adams administration and a mysterious order of European anarchists known as the Bavarian Illuminati. By framing his suspicions in the form of a jeremiad, Morse evoked a rhetorical context which portrayed the conspiracy as a divine test of American civic piety. As a result, the conspiracy provided a rhetorical justification for the condemnation of domestic political dissent on moral grounds.
From D-Glucose to Enantiomerically Pure Cycloctanoses. The Glycosidase Inhibitory Capacity of Medium-Ring Carbasugars

Exhaustive dihydroxylation of the pair of cyclooctadienols consisting of 4 and 5, which are available in enantiomerically pure form from d-glucose, resulted in the formation of two diastereomeric tetraols in each case. The difference in polarity of the 6/7 and 8/9 pairs facilitated their chromatographic separation. Ensuing acetylation and PMB deprotection allowed for the assignment of relative (and ultimately absolute) stereochemistry to the resulting monohydric alcohols on the basis of J(HH) analysis of their (1)H NMR spectra. The highly functionalized exomethylenecyclooctanes 14-17, which were derived by periodinane oxidation and Wittig olefination, were further elaborated by hydroboration and global deprotection. The eight members of the cyclooctanose family of carbasugars and their precursor intermediates consistently showed patterns of J(HH) values in line with the contiguous stereochemical relationships. Also assayed was their specific inhibitory behavior toward glycosidases.
Fluticasone and Food Allergen Elimination Reverse Sub-epithelial Fibrosis in Children with Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Background Symptoms of vomiting and dysphagia in children with eosinophilic esophagitis may be related to the development of mucosal fibrosis.
The dose effects of short-term dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance in daily cannabis users.

Abstract Background Prior studies have separately examined the effects of dronabinol (oral THC) on cannabis withdrawal, cognitive performance, and the acute effects of smoked cannabis. A single study examining these clinically relevant domains would benefit the continued evaluation of dronabinol as a potential medication for the treatment of cannabis use disorders. Methods Thirteen daily cannabis smokers completed a within-subject crossover study and received 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg dronabinol per day for 5 consecutive days. Vital signs and subjective ratings of cannabis withdrawal, craving and sleep were obtained daily; outcomes under active dose conditions were compared to those obtained under placebo dosing. On the 5th day of medication maintenance, participants completed a comprehensive cognitive performance battery and then smoked five puffs of cannabis for subjective effects evaluation. Each dronabinol maintenance period occurred in a counterbalanced order and was separated by 9 days of ad libitum cannabis use. Results Dronabinol dose-dependently attenuated cannabis withdrawal and resulted in few adverse side effects or decrements in cognitive performance. Surprisingly, dronabinol did not alter the subjective effects of smoked cannabis, but cannabis-induced increases in heart rate were attenuated by the 60 and 120 mg doses. Conclusions Dronabinol's ability to dose-dependently suppress cannabis withdrawal may be therapeutically beneficial to individuals trying to stop cannabis use. The absence of gross cognitive impairment or side effects in this study supports safety of doses up to 120 mg/day. Continued evaluation of dronabinol in targeted clinical studies of cannabis treatment, using an expanded range of doses, is warranted.
On the elimination of the sweeping interactions from theories of hydrodynamic turbulence

In this paper, we revisit the claim that the Eulerian and quasi-Lagrangian same time correlation tensors are equal. This statement allows us to transform the results of an MSR quasi-Lagrangian statistical theory of hydrodynamic turbulence back to the Eulerian representation. We define a hierarchy of homogeneity symmetries between incremental homogeneity and global homogeneity. It is shown that both the elimination of the sweeping interactions and the derivation of the 4/5-law require a homogeneity assumption stronger than incremental homogeneity but weaker than global homogeneity. The quasi-Lagrangian transformation, on the other hand, requires an even stronger homogeneity assumption which is many-time rather than one-time but still weaker than many-time global homogeneity. We argue that it is possible to relax this stronger assumption and still preserve the conclusions derived from theoretical work based on the quasi-Lagrangian transformation.
Extubation of the Patient After a Difficult Intubation

A case of a difficult intubation in a heavy smoker requiring reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting is presented. A technique is described to extubate patients with marginal pulmonary function and a difficult intubation using airway exchange catheters.
The Boston Study: Analysis of a Major Metropolitan Business- and Technical-Communication Market.

This article presents the results of a year-long study of the business- and technical-communication market in Boston, Massachusetts. The study iden tifies the abundance of professional titles, duties, attitudes, responsibilities, aptitudes, and skills in business and technical communication included in six large categories ofpractice: technical communication, publishing, public rela tions, marketing, development, and training. Based on the Boston communication-market research and on occupational data from the U.S. De partment of Labor, this study suggests that, in the decade ahead, communica tion practitioners can expect healthy growth in the profession.
Hybrid II-VI and III-V Compound Double Heterostructures and Their Properties

In this report, n-GaN/n-ZnO/p-GaN double heterostructures (DHs) were grown on sapphire substrate employing metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employed in both secondary electron (SE) and cathodoluminescence (CL) modes revealed high crystal and optical quality of the DH layers, indicating no significant interdiffusion of constituent elements during growth. The diode structures were fabricated whose current-voltage characteristics revealed rectifying behavior with a leakage current 2.12 × 10−5 A and a forward current 7.8 × 10−2 A at 10 V bias, and with threshold and breakdown voltages of 3.2 and –11 V, respectively. Under forward bias, an intense electroluminescence (EL) was observed, the spectrum of which depended on the injection current.
Models for Component Selection and Thermo-Mechanical Reliability Trade-Offs to Address Component Obsolescence in Military Electronics

Product miniaturization trends in microelectronics industry are driving the need for smaller, faster, more reliable, less expensive IC’s. Area array packages have been increasingly targeted for use in harsh environments such as automotive underhood, military and space applications but system-level decision support and part-selection tools and techniques for thermo-mechanical reliability trade-offs while addressing part obsolescence in extreme environments are scarce. The models presented in this paper provide decision guidance for smart selection and substitution to address component obsolescence by perturbing product designs for minimal risk insertion of new packaging technologies. It is conceivable for commercial off the shelf parts to become unavailable during the production-life of a product. Typical Commercial-of-the-Shelf parts are manufactured for a period of two to four years, and IC manufacturing processes are available for five to six years. It is envisioned that the reliability assessment models will enable turn-key evaluation of geometric architecture, material properties, and operating conditions effects on thermo-mechanical reliability. The presented approach enables the evaluation of qualitative parameter interaction effects, which are often ignored in closed-form modeling, have been incorporated in this work. Previously, the feasibility of using multiple linear regression models for reliability prediction has been demonstrated for flex-substrate BGA packages [1, 2], flip-chip packages [3, 4] and ceramic BGA packages [5]. In this paper, principal component regression models (PCR) have been investigated for reliability prediction and part selection of area package architectures under thermo-mechanical loads in conjunction with stepwise regression methods. Package architectures studied include, BGA packages mounted on CU-CORE and NO-CORE printed circuit assemblies in harsh environments. The models have been developed based on thermo-mechanical reliability data acquired on copper-core and no-core assemblies in four different thermal cycling conditions. Solder alloys examined include SnPb and SAC Alloys.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
UMATILLA COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT UMAT‐1

A preliminary report is presented on a basalt reference sample, Umatilla Columbia River Basalt, UMAT-1. Prepared in over 100 kg by the Columbia River Basalt Group, UMAT-1 was, initially, tested for its homogeneity by two US laboratories for major, minor and several trace elements; mean values of these two laboratories are presented. More recent data on 50 elements by a French laboratory attest to the excellent homogeneity of the sample. UMAT-1 is now available for further studies.
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Angiographic studies suggest that acute vasospasm within 48 h of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) predicts symptomatic vasospasm. However, the value of transcran
Bony pelvic sexual dimorphism in the rat

Normal pelvic dimorphism is the result of the male pelvis acquiring morphological features during postnatal development that differ from those of the female. The first dimorphic features appear at 32 days of age. At 76 days of age the male pelvis has eleven dimorphic features that constitute the dimorphism of the normal adult. The development of five of the 11 features is dependent on the presence of the testes, whereas, the other six develop independently of the testes. The testes-dependent features develop in males castrated at birth and treated with testosterone. The postnatal development of the female-type pelvis in the normal female is not dependent on the presence of the ovaries.