cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective Stress for Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media– A Differential Approach

Here we theoretically derive the Terzaghi stress principle for saturated and partially saturated isotropic, porous media with compressible phases. We use previously derived thermodynamic definitions of the drained and unjacketed compressibilities and total differentials to theoretically determine how the total pressure relates to isotropic strain and changes in fluid pressures. We show that under simplifying assumptions we recover the varying forms of the Biot coefficient for saturated porous media and the Bishop parameter for partially saturated porous media. We compare this approach with four modern constructions: the mixture theoretic approaches of Coussy and Borja, Wang’s differential approach, and the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory approach of Gray and Schrefler. In doing so we theoretically clarify the often confused definitions of the solid compressibility coefficient, the unjacketed and drained compressibilities, and the generalized Terzaghi stress principle in differential form.
Building blocks in creative computing: modularity increases the probability of prototyping novel ideas

AbstractDesign is a cyclical journey from creative ideas to concrete realizations of those ideas though prototyping. Designers today have increasing access to low-cost technology toolkits within the electronic and computational domain. However, for technical novices, including electronic components in prototypes can hamper the ability to create novel ideas by introducing technical obstacles. Electronic modules can increase the probability of prototyping success, at the cost of reduced design flexibility. This research (1) presents the results of a pilot usability evaluation of (N = 68) participants making physical light emitting diode (LED) light creations with non-modular electronics components, and (2) uses this evaluation to motivate a creative prototyping study (N = 86) exploring the question: ‘How does prototyping tool modularity influence the creative result?’ Using a browser-based crowd platform (Amazon’s Mechanical Turk), participants created electric ‘creature circuits’ with LEDs in a virtual pro...
The relationship between train accident and locomen driving adaptability

Objective To study the relationship between train accident and locomotive driving adaptability for ensuring the safety of railway transportation.Methods Among the total 1813 locomen of Kunming Railroad Administration Bureau,the 168 locomen involved in the train accident happened in 2007 were selected as study group,and the other 1645 locomen were as the controls.Five indexes about driving adaptability,including speed assessment,frequency of misjudgment to complex reaction,night vision,dynamic vision and depth vision were examined,and the relationship between train accident and the driving adaptability was well clarified by analyzing these five indexes.Results The results showed that there was obvious difference in dynamic vision between accident group and the controls,which was the most important index and the second was the judgement ability to complex reaction.The screening sensitivity of dynamic vision was not so good when it be separately used,while which had higher sensitivity for screening the possible accident locomen,but the accuracy was not so high.Conclusions The results showed that the dynamic vision and complex reaction judgement were related to train accident,therefore,it may benefit the prevention of train accident by detecting dynamic vision and complex reaction judgement of the locomen termly.
Microvascular flap reconstruction of the head and neck. An overview.

The ability to transfer tissues by microvascular techniques has opened up new possibilities for reconstruction of the scalp, face, mandible, esophagus, intraoral lining, and neck. With advances in microsurgical techniques and the choice of donor flaps, the success rates of microvascular flaps in the head and neck compare favorably with that of regional flaps.
Ethische Aspekte zu Therapieentscheidungen bei Patienten mit terminalem Nierenversagen

Patienten mit terminalem Nierenversagen werden zunehmend alter, multimorbider und gebrechlicher, das macht Therapieentscheidungen bei terminalem Nierenversagen (ESRD) sehr komplex. Aus ethischer Perspektive sind diese an den vier Prinzipien von Beauchamp und Childress zu messen: Eine Dialysebehandlung ist gerechtfertigt, wenn die Forderungen nach Autonomie, Nonmalefizienz, Benefizienz und Gerechtigkeit erfullt werden. Bei der Beurteilung der Benefizienz hat sich der Fokus von der reinen Lebensverlangerung in Richtung Lebensqualitat verlagert. So zeichnet sich bei ESRD ein Paradigmenwechsel ab: Eine Dialyse sollte nur erfolgen, wenn der Patient einen Nutzen davon hat, andernfalls ist eine konservative Therapie zu erwagen. Dialysevorenthalt und Dialyseabbruch sind damit zu Therapiealternativen geworden. Advance Care Planning und Shared Decision Making binden den Patienten schon fruhzeitig in die Therapieplanung und in Entscheidungsprozesse ein, gewahrleisten so Autonomie und Benefizienz. Diese gesprachsorientierten und prozessualen Ansatze benotigen aber einen angemessenen zeitlichen Rahmen; es ist forderlich, wenn das professionelle Team uber entsprechende Gesprachstechniken und Konfliktstrategien verfugt. Im Falle einer konservativen Fuhrung bei ESRD steht in der letzten Lebensphase eine Best Supportive Care, orientiert an den individuellen Bedurfnissen des Patienten, im Vordergrund; diese umfasst Beratung, Betreuung, Symptomenkontrolle und Palliation.
Hydrogen Addition to (pincer)IrI(CO) Complexes:The Importance of Steric and Electronic Factors

(POCOP)IrI(CO) [POCOP = κ3-C6H3-2,6-(OPR2)2 for R = tBu, iPr] and (PCP)IrI(CO) [PCP = κ3-C6H3-2,6-(CH2PR2)2 for R = tBu and iPr] complexes can add hydrogen via two distinct pathways. When R = tBu, (POCOP)Ir(CO) and (PCP)Ir(CO) complexes only add hydrogen via a proton-catalyzed pathway due to steric effects, yielding trans-dihydride complexes. For R = iPr, both systems oxidatively add hydrogen to give cis-dihydride complexes which thermally isomerize to more thermodynamically favorable trans-dihydride species, consistent with previous reports. Proton-catalyzed hydrogen addition pathways are also observed for both iPr-substituted (pincer)Ir(CO) complexes. (PCP)Ir(CO) complexes add hydrogen under milder conditions than the analogous POCOP species. Intermediate hydrido-pyridine Ir(III) carbonyl complexes from the proton-catalyzed pathway have been synthesized and characterized. This is the first report of a series of complexes shown to add hydrogen via concerted oxidative addition or a proton-catalyzed pathwa...
The Accidental Author: Motherhood, Woundability, and Writing in Maryse Condé’s La vie sans fards

Nicole Simek’s chapter examines the autobiographical treatment of the intersections and mutual influences of motherhood, wounding, and writing in Maryse Conde’s memoir, La vie sans fards. Focusing on motherhood as source and figure of both injury and creation, Simek explores the implications of locating authorial agency in woundedness. As markers of permeability and separation, motherhood and woundedness accentuate the vulnerability and mutability of the self yet also recall and assert the boundary between self and other, a boundary that must be maintained in order to identify violence and demand responsibility.
Fast, efficient and secure BSS transitions

We present a fast and efficient way of switching a wireless node (WN) between different Access Points (AP) in an Infrastructure Wireless Network. Our proposed model adheres to the security standards set by IEEE 802.11i draft. New architectures like 802.11i and Robust Secure Network (RSN) mainly depend on the 802.1x communication between a Wireless supplicant node and an Authentication Server (AS) followed by a 4-Way handshake between Wireless Supplicant node and Access Point. Reassociation with another AP also requires a four way handshake. We propose two models for transitions. The first model is based on Distributed approach while the second one is based on Centralized approach. Distributed model involves AP to AP direct communication without the involvement of AS while in Centralized model APs communicate through AS. We show that both the models are very efficient, secure and deny any kind of man in the middle attack, any rogue attack by wireless node or an AP and any kind of Denial of Service attack. Finally, we show that Centralized model has a little edge over the distributed model.
Effect of size and pegylation of liposomes and peptide-based synthetic lipoproteins on tumor targeting

Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (sHDL) are a valuable class of nanomedicines with established animal safety profile, clinical tolerability and therapeutic efficacy for cardiovascular applications. In this study we examined how the scavenger receptor B-I-mediated (SR-BI) tumor-targeting ability of sHDL, long plasma circulation half-life, and small particle size (9.6±0.2nm) impacted sHDL accumulation in SR-BI positive colorectal carcinoma cells, 3D tumor spheroids, and in vivo xenografts. We compared tumor accumulation of sHDL with that of liposomes (LIP, 130.7±0.8nm), pegylated liposomes (PEG-LIP, 101±2nm), and pegylated sHDL (12.1±0.1nm), all prepared with the same lipid components. sHDL penetrated deep (210μm) into tumor spheroids and exhibited 12- and 3-fold higher in vivo solid tumor accumulation, compared with LIP (p<0.01) and PEG-LIP (p<0.05), respectively. These results suggest that sHDL with established human safety possess promising intrinsic tumor-targeted properties.
Calcium-Mediated Cox-2 Expression and Pge 2 Production in the Rat Medullary Thick Ascending Limb(mTAL) Is Tnf α -Dependent

P89 Severe hypercalcemia often is associated with polyuria in patients. We have shown that mTAL cells express cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) when challenged with tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF α ), an effect that was linked to the decrease in TNF α -mediated 86 Rb + uptake, an in vitro correlate of natriuresis. The mTAL expresses calcium sensing receptor(CaR), a G-protein coupled receptor that senses small changes in extracellular calcium concentration([Ca 2+ ] o ) and ultimately increases intracellular calcium concentration([Ca 2+ ] i ) and protein kinase C(PKC) activity. We assessed the effects of [Ca 2+ ] o on COX-2 and TNF α protein expression as calcium increases TNF α synthesis in certain cell types, and PMA, a PKC activator, induces COX-2 gene expression in mTAL cells. Western blot analysis showed that COX-2 protein expression was increased two-fold after challenge for 9 hours with 1.7 mM CaCl 2 . ELISA analysis revealed that PGE 2 formation was increased from 11 ± 1.5 to 68 ± 21 pg/μg protein (p 2 ; no effect was observed when cells were exposed to 3.4 mM NaCl suggesting that the increase in PGE 2 synthesis was a function of increasing [Ca 2+ ] o . TNF α synthesis increased from 1.3 ± 0.1 to 5.4 ± 0.4 pg/μg protein (p 2 . CaR agonist poly-L-arginine (100nM) increased PGE 2 production from 15 ± 0.1 to 66.3 ± 4.4 pg/μg protein (p α production from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 3.7 ± 0.3 pg/μg protein after a 9 hr incubation period. Pretreatment of cells with 1 μg/ml neutralizing TNF α antibody reduced COX-2 protein expression and PGE 2 production by approximately 40%. These data indicate that Ca 2+ o , as well as CaR selective agonists, increase mTAL COX-2 expression, PGE 2 formation, and TNF α production in primary cultures of mTAL cells. We conclude that the increases in COX-2 expression and PGE 2 production are, in part, TNF α -dependent, suggesting that Ca 2+ o may be a modulator of extracellular fluid volume regulation via a cytokine-mediated autocrine mechanism.
Chapter 8 – Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters

The chapter introduces the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. Infinite impulse response (IIR) filters are based on analog filters, where the frequency response is defined by both poles and zeros. Finite impulse response filters, in contrast, only have zeros. The presence of poles in the IIR filter causes the impulse response to be infinitely long. Poles are generated using feedback, which can also cause numerical instability. Despite these complications, IIR filters can be useful because for an equivalent frequency response, IIR filters require far fewer multipliers to implement. The process of designing an IIR filter is to start with an analog filter, and then map into the digital sampled domain.
The Process of Decision Making

For each decision made by workers in experimental and control units, the workers completed a form reporting information descriptive of the decision-making process. Whether decisions were made by the worker or another, whether clients participated in decision making, the amount of time spent reaching decisions, and the time spent on a series of decision-making activities such as gathering data are examples of what was reported. This information is presented in this chapter.
Fibromyxoid Nephrogenic Adenoma in the Ureter.

Background: Nephrogenic adenoma is a benign lesion found in the genitourinary tract, often at sites of prior inflammation, and is characterized by tubular, papillary, or tubulopapillary structures. It is thought to arise from distal migration and implantation of renal tubular cells into the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or urethra. These tumors often resemble malignant neoplasms. Morphologic variants include small tubules, signet ring-like pattern, papillary formations, flat pattern, and vessel-like structures. A fibromyxoid variant was first described in 2007. Here, we present the first known cases of fibromyxoid nephrogenic adenoma of the ureter. Case Presentations: A 79-year-old white man presented with asymptomatic right hydroureteronephrosis to the level of the mid-ureter with associated right ureteral wall thickening found on surveillance CT scan for lymphoma. A 59-year-old white man presented with a right ureteral stricture after ureteroscopic ureteral injury and underwent effective robotic ureteroureterostomy. Pathology analysis in both cases revealed fibromyxoid nephrogenic adenoma. Conclusion: Fibromyxoid nephrogenic adenoma may occur in the ureter. Knowledge of this rare tumor is important for urologists and pathologists to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment of a typically benign process.
Chapter 2 Elements of High‐Performance Reconfigurable Computing*

Abstract Numerous application areas, including bioinformatics and computational biology (BCB), demand increasing amounts of processing capability. In many cases, the computation cores and data types are suited to field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The challenge is identifying those design techniques that can extract high performance from the FPGA fabric while allowing efficient development of production‐worthy program codes. After brief introductions to high‐performance reconfigurable computing (HPRC) systems and some applications for which they are well suited, we present a dozen such techniques together with examples of their use in our own research in BCB. Each technique, if ignored in a naive implementation, would have cost at least a factor 2 in performance, with most saving a factor of 10 or more. We follow this by comparing HPRC with an alternative accelerator technology, the use of graphics processors for general‐purpose computing (GPGPU). We conclude with a discussion of some implications for future HPRC development tools.
Religion and Neutrality: Myth, Principle, and Meaning

In examining the changing dynamic of the religious phenomenon in postmodern societies, legal studies have invented or imported a considerable number of terms that offer only the illusion of scientific precision. Grand words that inspire immediate acceptance and a sense of security include the following: equality, nondiscrimination, liberty, and secularism. However, after this gratifying first impression, the jurist will take it upon himself to engage in a closer study to assess the scope, the ultimate implications, and the specific ramifications that such terms entail in reality.
Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiac Disease

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely recognized as providung an accurate and reliable means of assessing the function and anatomy of the heart and great vessels. Previously, the means to obtain images of the cardiovascular system were compromised by extremely long examination times and software that was available only at specialized centers. With the recent development of specialized cardiovascular MR scanners, cardiac MR applications have become more widely used on a routine basis. In this article, the technical aspects of MR scanning of the cardiovascular system are outlined, followed by a discussion of its applications to the heart and aorta.
Aspherical deformations of the Choptuik spacetime

We perform dynamical and nonlinear numerical simulations to study critical phenomena in the gravitational collapse of massless scalar fields in the absence of spherical symmetry. We evolve axisymmetric sets of initial data and examine the effects of deviation from spherical symmetry. For small deviations we find values for the critical exponent and echoing period of the discretely self-similar critical solution that agree well with established values; moreover we find that such small deformations behave like damped oscillations whose damping coefficient and oscillation frequencies are consistent with those predicted in the linear perturbation calculations of Mart\'{\i}n-Garc\'{\i}a and Gundlach. However, we also find that the critical exponent and echoing period appear to decrease with increasing departure from sphericity and that, for sufficiently large departures from spherical symmetry, the deviations become unstable and grow, confirming earlier results by Choptuik et al. We find some evidence that these growing modes lead to a bifurcation, similar to those reported by Choptuik et al., with two centers of collapse forming on the symmetry axis above and below the origin. These findings suggest that nonlinear perturbations of the critical solution lead to changes in the effective values of the critical exponent, echoing period and damping coefficient and may even change the sign of the latter, so that perturbations that are stable in the linear regime can become unstable in the nonlinear regime.
Winter scavenging of ungulate carrion by bald eagles, common ravens, and coyotes in northern Arizona

Ungulate carrion supports an unusual canine-corvid-eagle winter scavenging guild in northern Arizona. To evaluate the effect of location and habitat on carcass use and longevity, between December 1996 and April 2008 we recorded 870 observations of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Common Ravens (Corvus corax) and coyotes (Canis latrans) scavenging 123 ungulate carcasses: 103 elk (Cervus canadensis), 12 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), seven pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana), and one domestic cow (Bos taurus). Our temporal metric for measuring carcass longevity and scavenger presence was carcass-day (CD), numbered consecutively from the first day a carcass was recorded until it was consumed. We observed 38 separate carcasses (individual placement), 39 carcasses as part of three-carcass arrays in habitat associated with open, edge, and forest cover types (simultaneous choice), 22 carcasses left along the roadway where killed (monitored in place), and 24 carcasses partially skinned and/or cut open (facilitated). Elk carcasses lasted a mean 11.9 d (range 3–41), with 60% consumed during the first wk. Deer and pronghorn lasted 5.5 d (range 3–12) and 3.0 d (range 2–4), respectively. Ravens normally arrived by CD 3, Bald Eagles by CD 4, and coyotes by CD 6. Bald Eagles relied on ravens for discovery and sentinel duties, whereas both species depended on coyotes for accessibility. Winter- and road-killed carrion, not canine predation, drove carcass availability. Bald Eagles and coyotes used natural carrion more than human-influenced (road-killed or cut-open) carcasses, whereas Common Ravens were uninhibited by the latter. Removing ungulate carcasses from highway rights-of-way and partially opening them will promote quicker carcass consumption and safer avian scavenging by reducing potential for collisions with passing vehicles. A better understanding of the use of road-killed, large ungulate carrion may facilitate managing this supplemental food source as potential mitigation for other anthropogenic threats to both Bald and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), including wind-energy development.
Fiduciary Litigation in Louisiana: Litigation Against the Mandatary (Agent), Executor, and Trustee

These materials were created and presented in connection with LSU's annual Estate Planning Seminar. The paper explores the various types of fiduciary litigation in Louisiana that arises in the estate planning and administration setting. The paper considers the various types of actions and remedies available, the types of proceedings, and the parties with standing.
EOSINOPHILIC MYOCARDITIS: A CASE REPORT OF MYOCARDITIS AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) has been reported in association with various hypereosinophilic syndromes including systemic infection, cancer, undefined complex hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). EM ranges from mild localized disease to multifocal
Gute Vorlesungen halten

Wie lange, schatzen Sie, horen die Studierenden bei einer Vorlesung aufmerksam zu? Stellen Sie sich eine durchschnittliche Vorlesung vor, weder besonders brillant noch ubermasig langweilig. Nach wie vielen Minuten lasst die Aufmerksamkeit der Studierenden sichtbar (messbar) nach? Notieren Sie die Antwort in der folgenden Zeile:
High-pressure small-angle neutron scattering for food studies

Abstract This article highlights contributions and the tremendous potential of high pressure (HP) small-angle neutron scattering for our understanding of biopolymer stability and phase behavior, in the context of nutrition and food properties. The use of HP processing as a nonthermal sterilization technique is well established in the food industry, and many other applications are emerging in recent years. Green chemistry, consumer preferences, and nutritional trends push for further developments, which require a database of experimental data. Unbiased studies on pressure-induced effects on colloids and amphiphiles are paramount for the development of new food molecules and methodologies. Biopolymer phase diagrams are described, with an emphasis on proteins. HP small-angle neutron scattering research capabilities and future directions are discussed.
Regulatory Issues on Raising Capital through Debentures by Public Companies in the United Kingdom

Nowadays, it is common for the loans to be aggregated as a lump sum, which is then advanced to the company by the trustees. In this situation, the lenders subscribe for debenture stock, sometimes called loan stock, out of the fund. As with shares, such stock forms part of the company’s securities, which can be traded in the Stock Exchange. The lenders might require security for their loans. In this situation, a company will charge its property to secure the loan. In light of the Companies Act 2006 of the United Kingdom, this paper will analyze the various mechanisms whereby public companies raise money through debentures and the regulatory consequences of doing so. The companies legislation requires certain particulars of the charge to be registered. Therefore, this paper aims to reflect on: (a) how public companies borrow its capital through debentures or debenture stock; (b) what types of charge the public companies could issue to lenders as security; (c) how to differentiate between fixed and floating charges. This paper will also examine the question of priority among competing creditors and inconsistent decisions of the court regarding fixed and floating charges. The objectives of this paper are to: describe the meaning of ‘debenture', discuss the dispute relating granting a fixed charge over book debts, sketch the priority of charges and the statutory listing system, describe the meaning of book debts, explain the character of and the differences between floating and fixed charges. This paper will provide recommendations that could be taken into consideration for future amendments of the Companies Act 2006 .
Effect of Asynchronous Communications on Stationary Solutions for Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems

This paper investigates the effect of asynchronous communications on stationary solutions for discrete-time multiagent systems with a fixed topology. The asynchrony in this context implies that there is no global clock to synchronize the update time in each distributed agent and also each agent updates its own state asynchronously without waiting for values received from neighboring agents. It has been noted without much attention that asynchronous stationary solutions may not be unique and disagree with a synchronous stationary value. In some applications, this discrepancy may cause serious consequences, and thus it is critical to analyze the effect of asynchrony on stationary solutions. In this paper, we develop necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of stationary solutions for discrete-time multiagent systems. In the case of nonunique stationary solutions, the normalized expected error between synchronous and asynchronous stationary solutions is also analyzed. To validate the proposed methods, we provide three example problems: 1) containment control; 2) fixed-point iteration; and 3) distributed averaging formulated in a discrete-time setting.
Microstructural changes in the brain mediate the association of AK4, IGFBP5, HSPB2, and ITPK1 with cognitive decline

The associations of 4 proteins-AK4, ITPK1, HSPB2, and IGFBP5-with cognitive function in older adults were largely unexplained by known brain pathologies. We examined the extent to which individual protein associations with cognitive decline were attributable to microstructural changes in the brain. This study included 521 participants (mean age 90.3, 65.9-108.3) with the postmortem reciprocal of transverse relaxation time (R2) magnetic resonance image. All participants came from one of the 2 ongoing longitudinal cohorts of aging and dementia, the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Higher abundance of AK4, HSPB2, and IGFBP5 was associated with faster cognitive decline and mediated through lower postmortem R2 in the frontal and temporal white matter regions. In contrast, higher abundance of ITPK1 was associated with slower cognitive decline and mediated through higher postmortem R2 in the frontal and temporal white matter regions. The associations of 4 proteins-AK4, ITPK1, IGFBP5, and HSPB2-with cognition in late life were explained via microstructural changes in the brain.
Implicit mesh-based Monte Carlo algorithm for light transport in highly-complex tissues

We propose an implicit mesh-based Monte Carlo algorithm utilizing the edges, nodes and faces in a tetrahedral mesh to facilitate light-simulations in highly-sophisticated tissues, showing hundreds-fold reduction in memory usage.
Chapter 5 – Microstructural Evolution

Microstructural evolution links to the final properties because of the thermal cycle. In this chapter, both the grain size and precipitate evolution in various weld zones are presented. A summary of these microstructural changes are tabulated at the end of the chapter to capture the key features. Precipitate strengthening dominates over grain boundary strengthening in 7XXX Al alloys. Therefore, capturing the details of precipitate evolution is critical for connecting microstructure to mechanical properties.
Inter-hospital pediatric transport of critically ill patients

Inter-hospital transfer critically of ill patients was very important. In this article, the risk assessment during transfer and reduce the adverse effects of transport measures were summarized, to improve the quality and effectiveness of transit. Key words: Paediatrics; Critical patients; Transfer
The Impact of Acquisitions on Clinical Decisions: Evidence from PPMCs

Mergers and acquisitions are rapidly transforming the organization of physician services in the United States, raising concerns over the cost and quality of health care. This paper studies how medi...
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography in pediatric patients with central lymphatic system disorders

Central conducting lymphatics (CCLs) disorders represent a broad spectrum of clinical entities ranging from self-limiting traumatic leaks treated by conservative strategies, to complex lymphatic circulation abnormalities that are progressive and unresponsive to currently available treatments. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) performed by intranodal injection of gadolinium-based contrast material is a recently developed technique which allows a minimally invasive evaluation of the CCL abnormalities providing a dynamic assessment of lymph flow and its pathways. In our institution, DCMRL is performed after bilateral cannulation of inguinal lymph nodes, using a MR protocol which includes volumetric 3D T2-SPACE (sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolution) and free-breathing respiratory navigated sequence and TWIST (time-resolved angiography with Interleaved stochastic trajectories) MR angiography sequence, during intranodal injection of paramagnetic contrast medium. Although DCMRL applications in clinical practice are still improving, a minimally invasive assessment of lymphatic pathways is particularly important both in pediatric patients with primitive lymphatic system disorders and in children with complex congenital heart disease associated with CCL impairment.
The many ways Epstein-Barr virus takes advantage of the RNA tool kit

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first human cancer-causing virus to be discovered over fifty years ago. Given its relatively large genome size for a virus and hence the capacity to store more than...
Repulsive, Densely Packed Ligand-Shells Mediate Interactions between PbS Nanocrystals in Solution

The surface capping ligands on nanocrystals (NCs) impart colloidal stability and determine the organization into ordered solids when cast from solution. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering ...
A Tale of Two Courts

Widespread concern regarding the U.S. Supreme Court is pushing scholars and politicians to look for truly innovative solutions. Two recent proposals, the Supreme Court Lottery and the Balanced Bench, advocate for institutional and procedural reforms that are untested in the American context. This Essay, A Tale of Two Courts, offers concrete reasons why many aspects of these proposals are worrisome by drawing on a natural experiment involving the supreme court of another country, India. I show how the Indian Court has long exemplified several of the practices or design elements featured in the Lottery Court and Balanced Bench, and how these features have functioned in real life. In doing so, the Essay offers insights into court design and functioning that are simply unavailable from within American constitutional experience.
Business Strategy and Cost of Bank Loans

Following Miles and Snow’s Business Strategy (BS) topology, we find that banks impose relatively higher loan spreads for the firms that follow an Innovation-Oriented Business Strategy (IOBS). We further document that IOBS is positively associated with corporate risk measures such as variances in equity returns and returns on assets. Overall, our findings suggest that banks charge a higher cost of debt in anticipation of borrowers’ payback riskiness from an IOBS.
What a week! A moderated-mediation crossover model for daily boundary violations at home and partner evening affect.

Increasingly blurred boundaries allow work to breach home borders, disrupting personal tasks and goals which feel like violations to employees and thereby may trigger affective strain responses. Yet, the potential adverse effects of boundary violations at home on partner affective strain remains unexplored. Based on affective events and crossover theories, we considered the occurrence of violations at home as work-related stressors originating at home and thereafter evoking emotional strain in partners through employees' own affective strain response. Based on the differential reactivity model, we expected employee affective strain responses to boundary violations at home and subsequent emotional transmission to partners would be exacerbated during a period (i.e., one week) of high emotional strain when employees and partners are hyper-responsive to their home environments. Event data were collected for seven days from 69 employees and partners for 483 data points. Since the occurrence of homebound violations and associated effects on employees and partners likely fluctuate daily, a multilevel two-stage moderated-mediation model was tested. Results showed indirect effects of violations on partner affective strain through employee affective strain, with a backdrop of high emotional strain for the week moderating the affective event and crossover processes. Implications for scholars and organizations are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Behaviour of non-renewable natural resource firms under uncertainty: Optimizing or ad hoc

Abstract This paper tests the assumption of optimizing behaviour by natural resource firms in the framework of an intertemporal model of non-renewable resource development and production using data from the petroleum industry. It is argued that the presence of geological and price uncertainty presents a situation in which standard objections to non-optimizing behaviour may not hold. As an alternative, it is proposed that firms use an ad hoc rule of thumb to update decisions as the values of variables change. Econometric results support ad hoc behaviour as opposed to intertemporal profit maximization.
Learning for Decision Making: the FRD Approach and a Comparative Study

This paper concerns the issue of what is the best form for learning, representing and using knowledge for decision making. The proposed answer is that such knowledge should be learned and represented in a declarative form. When needed for decision making, it should be efficiently transferred to a procedural form that is tailored to the specific decision making situation. Such an approach combines advantages of the declarative representation, which facilitates learning and incremental knowledge modification, and the procedural representation, which facilitates the use of knowledge for decision making. This approach also allows one to determine decision structures that may avoid attributes that unavailable or difficult to measure in any given situation. Experimental investigations of the system, FRD-1, have demonstrated that decision structures obtained via the declarative route often have not only higher predictive accuracy but are also are simpler than those learned directly from facts.
Petascale Virtual Machine: Computing on 100, 000 Processors

In the 1990s the largest machines had a few thousand processors and PVM and MPI were key tools to making these machines useable. Now with the growing interest in Internet computing and the design of cellular architectures such as IBM's Blue Gene computer, the scale of parallel computing has suddenly jumped to 100,000 processors or more. This talk will describe recent work at Oak Ridge National Lab on developing algorithms for petascale virtual machines and the development of a simulator, which runs on a Linux cluster, that has been used to test these algorithms on simulated 100.000 processor systems. This talk will also look at the Harness software environemnt and how it may be useful to increase the scalability, fault tolerance, and adaptability of applications on large-scale systems.
A framework to support adaptation decisions for dynamic distributed systems

The increasing presence of mobile and ubiquitous applications has created a need for distributed systems and applications that are dynamic and can efficiently adapt to changes in quality of service (QoS), resource availability, user requirements and location of mobile nodes. This is done by dynamically reconfiguring system components. Reconfiguration should be done with minimal effect on system performance. A crucial issue is to determine what types of changes and how much change characterizes the need for reconfiguration, and what is the cost (in terms of resource usage) incurred on the system. We propose a reconfiguration framework based on policies and illustrate our initial prototype.
Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands

Relationships between water depths and density of submergent vegetation were studied in montane wetlands using statistical techniques based on clustering and an extension of regression trees. Sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) was associated with lower average water depths than water milfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). We detected a nonlinear relationship when average water depths were used to predict percent cover in S. pectinata, with depths of 30–40 cm, producing the highest predicted average percent cover of S. pectinata; higher and lower depths resulted in lower percent cover predictions. For M. sibiricum, higher water depths were monotonically associated with higher average percent cover. To foster more S. pectinata and less M. sibiricum, managers might employ water control structures to reduce water depths below 1 m, using both temporary drawdowns and average depths of 30–40 cm. Other species responded less markedly to water depth variation. Should decreased water depths become more common, these results suggest an increase in S. pectinata and a decrease in M. sibiricum. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Parallel programming must be deterministic by default

In today's widely used parallel programming models, subtle programming errors can lead to unintended nondeterministic behavior and hard to catch bugs. In contrast, we argue for a parallel programming model that is deterministic by default: deterministic behavior is guaranteed unless the programmer explicitly uses nondeterministic constructs. This goal is particularly challenging for modern object-oriented languages with expressive use of reference aliasing and updates to shared mutable state. We propose a broad research agenda in support of this goal, and we describe some of our own work to further that agenda.
Robust Estimation and Inference for Jumps in Noisy High Frequency Data: A Local-to-Continuity Theory for the Pre-Averaging Method

We develop an asymptotic theory for the pre-averaging estimator when asset price jumps are weakly identified, here modeled as local to zero. The theory unifies the conventional asymptotic theory for continuous and discontinuous semimartingales as two polar cases with a continuum of local asymptotics, and explains the breakdown of the conventional procedures under weak identification. We propose simple bias-corrected estimators for jump power variations, and construct robust confidence sets with valid asymptotic size in a uniform sense. The method is also robust to certain forms of microstructure noise.
Robot motivator: Increasing user enjoyment and performance on a physical/cognitive task

We describe the design and implementation of a socially assistive robot that is able to monitor the performance of a user during a combined cognitive and physical task, with the purpose of providing motivation to the user to complete the task and to improve task performance. The work presented aims to study the effects of verbal praise, encouragement, and motivation on a user's enjoyment of the task, and to analyze the effectiveness of online adaptation of the task in response to user performance, with the goal of reducing user frustration and increasing user intrinsic motivation. A three-condition study was constructed for evaluation of the robot; the results of the robot's interaction with human users are presented.
A semantic web environment for context-aware m-commerce

In this paper, we introduce MyCampus, a Semantic Web environment for context-aware mobile services, which we are in the process of developing and validating on Carnegie Mellon University's campus. The environment revolves around a growing collection of customizable agents capable of (semi-) automatically discovering and accessing user personal resources (e.g. calendar, location tracking functionality, food preferences) and Web services as they assist their users in carrying out different tasks such as planning an evening out, organizing a study group or filtering incoming messages. The openness of the MyCampus architecture directly derives from a set of ontologies for describing personal resources, contextual attributes, user preferences and web services. Contextual information and other personal details about a user are accessed via a Semantic e-Wallet, subject to access privileges set by the user.
Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Regulation of Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Mediates Pluripotency Gene Expression

Delineating the signaling pathways that underlie ESC pluripotency is paramount for development of ESC applications in both the research and clinical settings. In culture pluripotency is maintained by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulation of two separate signaling axes: Stat3/Klf4/Sox2 and PI3K/Tbx3/Nanog, which converge in the regulation of Oct4 expression. However, LIF signaling is not required in vivo for self-renewal, thus alternate signaling axes likely mediate these pathways. Additional factors that promote pluripotency gene expression have been identified, including the direct regulation of Oct4 by liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) and β-catenin regulation of Nanog. Here, we present genetic, molecular, and pharmacological studies identifying a signaling axis in which β-catenin promotes pluripotency gene expression in an Lrh-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, Lrh-1 was identified as a novel β-catenin target gene, and Lrh-1 regulation is required for maintaining proper levels of Oct4, Nanog, and Tbx3. Elucidation of this pathway provides an alternate mechanism by which the primary pluripotency axis may be regulated in vivo and may pave the way for small molecule applications to manipulate pluripotency or improve the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming.
Bibliography of applications of computer graphics to transportation planning and engineering problems

The citations in this bibliography are presented by subject: airport planning and design, automobile design, citizen participation, downtown people-mover (dpm) systems planning and design, highway facilities, highway route planning, highway safety, human figure simulation, planning and design of ride sharing systems, rearload analysis and planning simulation of outer space and aircraft operations, simulation of traffic movements, traffic signal optimization, transit facilities and operations analysis and planning, transit system planning and design, transportation data display and editing, transportation education, transportation systems planning. (TRRL)
Weakened Lie groups and groups of homeomorphisms

Abstract We discuss the ways in which a Lie group G can act as a group of transformations of a topological space X and, in particular, the topology that G inherits from the g -topology for the group of homeomorphisms of X . If G is connected, then it is known that the topology of G is determined by a certain abelian subgroup of G . Analogous results are presented for the disconnected case, and some open questions are discussed.
Genetic analysis of the two groups of duplicated genes coding for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in Zea mays: Possible origin of Mdh genes by chromosome segment duplication

The results presented in this paper demonstrate that there are four mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase genes (mMdh1, mMdh2, mMdh3, and mMdh4) as was proposed by Yang et al. (1977), but with the following modification. Yang et al. (1977) postulated that mMdh1 and mMdh2 were closely linked as were mMdh3 and mMdh4. They also proposed that mMdh3 and mMdh4 arose by gene duplication from mMdh1 and mMdh2 respectively. In the modified model mMdh3 and mMdh4 are linked, but the other two genes mMdh1 and mMdh2 are unlinked. In addition, we demonstrate using reversible denaturation techniques, which mMDH isozymes are heterodimeric in structure. Hence, the origin of all the mMDH isozymes has been elucidated.
APPLICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL-AGENT MODELS TO GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY DECISION MAKING

ABSTRACT This paper surveys literature from Economics, Accounting, and Management to address theoretical issues in Public Administration regarding government provided services in order to contribute to a formal connection between principal-agent models in these disciplines and public policy administration decision-making. In particular, it addresses the question: What theoretical properties of the services themselves might guide (a) the choice of producer of the services (government or outsourcing firm/contractor), and (b) the accountability imposed for the work produced. It is found that a theoretical framework of principal-agent models that includes the decision of whether to contract out can be useful as a first step in systematically formulating the government's decision for a variety of goods/services. This provides an alterative to the identification of key decision properties “from the ground up” for each good or service the government provides.
Power factor measurement by the capacitance bridge

SEVERAL types of capacitance bridge for the measurement of both capacitance and power factor of dielectric specimens are in use at the present time. Some of these make a direct comparison between the capacitance under test and a standard capacitance. For accurate power factor measurements upon dielectric specimens at low voltages and audio frequencies, however, a substitution method is generally preferred. Two substitution methods which may be referred to as the 1 direct” and the “parallel” are commonly employed. With each method, a small change in the phase angle of the arm of the bridge circuit in which the substitution is made occurs. The compensation for this change enters directly into the measurements, and the essential differences between bridges in common use is in the manner of making this adjustment.
The physics of inhomogeneous striped superconductors

Abstract We present a minimal model of a doped Mott insulator that simultaneously supports antiferromagnetic stripes and d-wave superconductivity. At the unrestricted mean-field level, the various phases of the cuprates, including weak and strong pseudogap phases, and two different types of superconductivity in the underdoped and the overdoped regimes, find a natural interpretation. We argue that on the underdoped side, the superconductor is intrinsically inhomogeneous — striped nanoscale coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism — and global phase coherence is achieved through Josephson-like coupling of the superconducting stripes. On the overdoped side, the state is overall homogeneous and the superconductivity is of the classical BCS type.