cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pumpspeichertechnologien im Vergleich

Nach heutigem Stand der Technik stellen Pumpspeicherkraftwerke die einzig zuverlassige, wirtschaftlich tragfahige und okologisch sinnvolle Speichermoglichkeit fur elektrischen Strom dar. Die unterschiedlichen technischen Losungen, die jeweils besten Anwendungsmoglichkeiten und neusten Forschungsergebnisse fur Pumpspeicherkraftwerke werden in diesem Fachbeitrag vorgestellt. Potenziale fur den Bau von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken gibt es weltweit zahlreich. In Europa, wo diese Technologie zur Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft seit langem angewendet wird, existieren neue Standorte mit vorwiegend besonderen technischen Anforderungen. Bestehende Pumpspeicherkraftwerke stehen zur Modernisierung, zur Leistungserhohung und teilweise zum Ausbau an. Der Bedarf fur zuverlassige Stromspeicherung durch Pumpspeicherkraftwerke ist hoch. Die Bereitschaft, in den Ausbau zu investieren, jedoch verhalten, da sich die okonomischen Rahmenbedingungen durch die verringerte Preisdifferenz zwischen Grundlast- und Spitzenlastbereitstellung zwischenzeitlich deutlich verschlechtert haben.
Abstract 4542: Regulation of the cell cycle by metformin is p21-dependent in lung cancer

The oral antidiabetic agent metformin has antineoplastic activity that is likely mediated by mechanisms independent of its hypoglycemic effects. Previously reported in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, 24 h treatment with metformin induced growth inhibition and G0/G1 phase arrest through induction of the energy sensing kinase AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and the DNA damage responsive protein ataxia telangectasia mutated (ATM). AMPK and ATM are both known to regulate G0/G1 and G2 phases through modulation of the p53-p21 axis. Therefore, the objective of our study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of metformin induced cell cycle arrest in NSCLC. Congruent with previous findings, we demonstrate that 5mM metformin treatment for up to 72 h inhibits growth in H1299 and A549 NSCLC cell lines, but not in the non-cancerous fibroblast cell line MRC-9. In H1299 and A549 cells, growth inhibition was associated with an induction of phosphorylation of AMPK and ATM as well as a reduction in phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. Extending these findings using H1299 cells, metformin consistently induced only a transient G0/G1 phase arrest at 24 h by downregulating cyclin D1 and p27 and upregulating p21 and at 72 h a G2/M-arrest by accumulating cyclin B1 and upregulating p21 and p27. These arrests were associated with ATM and Chk-2 activation and resultant inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin dependent phosphatase CDC25c. Importantly, p21 knock down in H1299 cells demonstrated the coordinate loss of p27 stabilization, attenuation of the G0/G1 phase arrest at 24 h, and decrease in inhibitory phosphorylation of pan-cyclin dependent kinases. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time in NSCLC that metformin activates G1 and G2 -checkpoint responses, but the fidelity of the G1-arrest is compromised by the downregulation of p27. However, p21-dependent upregulation of p27 facilitates a G2/M arrest at 72 h. The ability of metformin to control aberrant oncogenic cell-cycle regulation by inducing negative cell-cycle regulators p21 and p27 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in lung cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Amanda Templeton, Rajagopal Ramesh. Regulation of the cell cycle by metformin is p21-dependent in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4542
Transamination in certain tissue homogenates of the bivalved molluscs Mytilus edulis L. and Modiolus modiolus L.

Abstract 1. 1. The ability of certain tissues of Mytilus edulis L. and Modiolus modiolus L. to catalyze some trnsaminatios has been studied. 2. 2. Homogenates of the hepatopancreas of the two species catalyzed the reactions: aspartate + α-ketoglutarate → oxalacetate + glutamate and alanine + α-ketoglutarate → pyruvate + glutamate. 3. 3. The reverse reactions were catalyzed with equal facility by homogenates of Mytilus edulis heptopancreas: Modiolus modiolus was not studied. 4. 4. Transmination between pyruvate and asparatate in the presence of homogenates of Mytilus edulis ctenidia has been shownt to depend strongly on the presence of glutamate; this suggests that the two reactions mentioned above under sections 2 and 3 are involved. 5. 5. Transmination between amino acids studied, other than alanine or aspartate, and α-ketoglutarate, was found to be slight or not detectable under the conditions employed; transamintion between amino acids studied, other than glutamate, alanine or aspartate, and oxalacetate or pyruvate, could not be detected. 6. 6. Assays of aspartic/glutamic transminase activity have been mader for a number of tissues of Mytilus edulis; activity was found in all tissues examined except the blood.
THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A NEW DCA DERIVATIVE Δ1,4-PREGNADIENE-21-OL-3;20-DIONE, 3-ACETATE

MARKED qualitative and quantitative alterations in biological activity often follow minor changes in the structural features of the steroid hormones. This fact has been cogently demonstrated by the recent introduction of two new synthetic steroids, Δ1,4-pregnadiene-17α;,21-diol- 3,11,20-trione (Δ1-Cortisone) and Δ1,4-pregnadiene-llβ,17α,21-triol-3,20- dione (Δ1Cortisol). The chemistry and clinical effectiveness of these derivatives of Cortisone and Cortisol have been reported (Herzog, et al, 1955; Bunim, Pechet and Bollet, 1955; Gray and Merrick, 1955). Δ1,4-Pregnadiene-21-ol-3,20-dione, 3-acetate (hereafter referred to as Δ1DCA) was synthesized in our laboratories by Clarke et al. (1955). This new steroid differs chemically from DCA (Δ4-Pregnene-21-ol-3,20-dione, 3-acetate) in that it possesses a double bond in the 1:2 position of ring A of the steroid nucleus as do A∧Cortisone and Δ1-Cortisol. The purpose of this report is to describe certain of the biological activities of Δ1-DCA which are compared wit...
CORR Insights®: Does Patient Sex Affect the Rate of Mortality and Complications After Spine Surgery? A Systematic Review

E lements of patient demographics, such as biologic sex, can have important clinical implications. Because of this, sexrelated disparities in care are garnering increased focus in our specialty. Most notably, sex differences have been identified in bone health and osteoporosis. Proven differences in bone geometry have implications for fracture fixation and may be relevant to implant design, as evidenced by the ‘‘gender-specific knee’’ in total joint arthroplasty. However, few studies have prospectively addressed the effect of biological sex on spine surgery short-term adverse events. With the growing importance of providing highvalue high-quality care, minimizing adverse events and maximizing outcomes remain an important national goal. In this systematic review, Schoenfeld and colleagues evaluated 50 scientific articles related to lumbar spine surgery, patient sex, and shortterm complications. The authors used rigorous and validated statistical techniques to assess and account for study heterogeneity. Ultimately, the study results demonstrated increased mortality rates without higher morbidity rates among male patients. These findings raise several important questions. Is this result related to the inherent biological differences, or are they related to behavior differences between males and females? Given the procedural heterogeneity in spine surgery, case mix adjustment can be extremely difficult. Many of the studies analyzed relied on ICD-9 administrative coding, which often lack the precision to fully characterize procedure invasiveness. Within these studies, could males on average have longer more complex spinal procedures? Also, how did the comorbidity profiles differ between the two sexes? Overall, the study results corroborate trends in short-term adverse events seen after other surgical procedures, such cardiac or hip fracture surgery—with men having a higher comorbidity burden and poorer outcomes [3, 4].
Monolayer graphene dispersion and radiative cooling for high power LED

Molecular fan, a radiative cooling by thin film, has been developed and its application for compact electronic devices has been evaluated. The enhanced surface emissivity and heat dissipation efficiency of the molecular fan coating are shown to correlate with the quantization of lattice modes in active nanomaterials. The highly quantized G and 2D bands in graphene are achieved by our dispersion technique, and then incorporated in an organic-inorganic acrylate emulsion to form a coating assembly on heat sinks (for LED and CPU). This water-based dielectric layer coating has been formulated and applied on metal core printed circuit boards. The heat dissipation efficiency and breakdown voltage are evaluated by a temperature-monitoring system and a high-voltage breakdown tester. The molecular fan coating on heat dissipation units is able to decrease the equilibrium junction temperature by 29.1 ° C, while functioning as a dielectric layer with a high breakdown voltage (>5 kV). The heat dissipation performance of the molecular fan coating applied on LED devices shows that the coated 50 W LED gives an enhanced cooling of 20% at constant light brightness. The schematics of monolayer graphene dispersion, undispersed graphene platelet, and continuous graphene sheet are illustrated and discussed to explain the mechanisms of radiative cooling, radiative/non-radiative, and non-radiative heat re-accumulation.
Growth and dissolution of ternary alloys of III–V compounds by liquid phase epitaxy and the formation of heterostructures

Abstract In the LPE process, in contrast to other epitaxial processes, solid and fluid phases are close to equilibrium at their interface. Thus the underlying material (either the substrate or the last formed layer) can interact with the solution and hence can actively participate in the formation of the current layer. This is particularly true of multicomponent III–V systems, where each successive layer is formed from the same elements, albeit in different proportions. We review a model based on a minimum set of assumptions, we solve the appropriate transport equations, and we discuss this model in the light of recent experiments. Our conclusions include: (i) The computation of diffusion profiles is closely coupled to that of interface motion. (ii) When the solid tends to dissolve, the heteroepitaxial layer forms by solid state diffusion of material exchanged between liquid and solid through the moving interface. (iii) Compositional profiles in the solid depend crucially on departures from an exactly saturated condition in the liquid. (ic) For small enough solid diffusivities and liquid undercoolings, the LPE system behaves as if it were in a state close to equilibrium. (v) Diffusion coefficients in the solid are larger during dissolution than during growth. This is probably due to defect injection. (vi) There is no reason, experimental or theoretical, to believe that the average growth rate can ever change sign during a processing step, unless the system is subjected to temperature programming.
Prospects and Some Policy Problems of Agricultural Development in China: Discussion

What is an outsider to make of the recent changes in Chinese agriculture? By outsider I do not mean "China scholars"--the Western academics and specialists whose profession is the study of China. I mean people like myself, who are lucky to get the order straight for fried rice in a Chinese restaurant in Boston. What stake does the broader agricultural economics profession have in the Chinese experience? My answer to these questions reflects a personal perspective and background that should be put directly on the table. I have visited China three times in ten years and have written about what I saw and learned. My main interests are food policy in Asia with a strong focus on Indonesia, and I am particularly interested in the world rice market. I look to the Chinese experience for comparative lessons on the impact of alternative policy approaches to agricultural development and the feeding of a nation's people, and to the spillover of Chinese supply and demand for basic grains into international commodity markets. China scholars have found it hard to provide insights on either of these issues because there is relatively little interaction between specialists on Chinese agriculture and the rest of the agricultural development profession. There are several plausible reasons for this. First, to the scholars who really understand the details of the Chinese experience there might not appear to be any lessons for other countries worth mentioning. From this point of view, the Chinese case is unique and should be studied for its own sake, not for any broader lessons to be learned. Second, the entry barriers to serious scholarship on China are extremely high. Not only is the language one of the world's most difficult to learn, but source materials are scattered, inconsistent, and often badly biased or even fraudulent. Anybody who can clear these research hurdles will
Angle-resolved photoemission from copper: Prediction of spectral peak intensities

Angle-resolved photoemission spectra computed from a recently developed theory, which utilizes a plane-wave final state but matrix elements based on atomic-like dipole selection rules, are shown to compare well with data obtained from a Cu(111) surface for $h\ensuremath{\nu}=11.8 \mathrm{to} 40.8$ eV. Constant matrix elements and matrix elements calculated from a single-plane-wave final state are found to be inadequate for describing the spectra. It is shown that the sensitivity of the shape of the spectra to the relaxation of the component of momentum perpendicular to the surface allows an estimate of the mean free path to be made. Emission from the so-called surface state located at 0.3 eV below the Fermi energy is explained by a one-dimensional singularity in the bulk bands. The variation of the spectra with polarized light is shown to be of value in separating the initial-state bands contributing to the spectra in any one direction.
Finite element decomposition of human neocortex

Modeling brain morphology at both cellular and tissue levels brings richness to our understanding of brain organization that both complements and transcends knowledge derived exclusively from neuron tracing and brain atlases.
The type III TGF-β receptor suppresses breast cancer progression through GIPC-mediated inhibition of TGF-β signaling

Loss of expression of the type III transforming growth factor-β receptor (TβRIII or betaglycan), a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily co-receptor, is common in human breast cancers. TβRIII suppresses cancer progression in vivo by reducing cancer cell migration and invasion by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of TβRIII is essential for TβRIII-mediated downregulation of migration and invasion in vitro and TβRIII-mediated inhibition of breast cancer progression in vivo. Functionally, the cytoplasmic domain of TβRIII is required to attenuate TGF-β signaling, whereas TβRIII-mediated attenuation of TGF-β signaling is required for TβRIII-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion. Mechanistically, both TβRIII-mediated inhibition of TGF-β signaling and TβRIII-mediated inhibition of invasion occur through the interaction of the cytoplasmic domain of TβRIII with the scaffolding protein GAIP-interacting protein C-terminus (GIPC). Taken together, these studies support a functional role for the TβRIII cytoplasmic domain interacting with GIPC to suppress breast cancer progression.
Hopes for the radiated body: uranium miners and transnational technopolitics in Namibia

This article explores the transnational politics of technology and science at the Rossing uranium mine in Namibia. During the 1980s, Rossing workers refashioned surveillance technologies into methods for trade union action. When national independence in 1900 failed to produce radical ruptures in the workplace, union leaders engaged in technopolitical strategies of extraversion, and became knowledge producers about their own exposure to workplace contaminants. Appeals to outside scientific authority carried the political promise of international accountability. But engaging in science meant accepting its boundaries, and workers ultimately discovered that technopolitical power could be limiting as well as liberating.
Buffer Kinetics Shape the Spatiotemporal Patterns of IP3‐Evoked Ca2+ Signals

Ca2+ liberation through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) plays a universal role in cell regulation, and specificity of cell signalling is achieved through the spatiotemporal patterning of Ca2+ signals. IP3Rs display Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), but are grouped in clusters so that regenerative Ca2+ signals may remain localized to individual clusters, or propagate globally between clusters by successive cycles of Ca2+ diffusion and CICR. We used confocal microscopy and photoreleased IP3 in Xenopus oocytes to study how these properties are modulated by mobile cytosolic Ca2+ buffers. EGTA (a buffer with slow ‘on-rate’) speeded Ca2+ signals and ‘balkanized’ Ca2+ waves by dissociating them into local signals. In contrast, BAPTA (a fast buffer with similar affinity) slowed Ca2+ responses and promoted ‘globalization’ of spatially uniform Ca2+ signals. These actions are likely to arise through differential effects on Ca2+ feedback within and between IP3R clusters, because Ca2+ signals evoked by influx through voltage-gated channels were little affected. We propose that cell-specific expression of Ca2+-binding proteins with distinct kinetics may shape the time course and spatial distribution of IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals for specific physiological roles.
IBM's Values and Corporate Citizenship

The transformation of IBM into a globally-integrated enterprise (GIE) began with a conviction about what should never change. Since its founding in 1911, IBM was known for a strong culture and a commitment to fairness and social responsibility, operating under a set of principles articulated by founder Thomas Watson. As IBM entered its second century, it was appropriate to take a fresh look while remaining unwavering in ethics, integrity, and - to use the twenty-first century word - the highest standards of corporate citizenship. All of this could be done with strategic use of IBM technology and innovation. Yet IBMers in a variety of business roles and geographies also wanted the company to do even more. Members of IVT5 pondered this, and other global citizenship possibilities as they reviewed how people were developed and worked in IBM today, as the transition to the GIE was underway.
Relationship between bacterial community structure, light, and carbon cycling in the eastern subarctic North Pacific

Biogeochemical controls on the community structure of heterotrophic marine bacteria are not well understood, and these organisms play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. Through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA genes along a zonal transect in the eastern subarctic North Pacific, variations in community structure were compared to commonly obtained chemical and biological oceanographic measurements. It was found that heterotrophic bacterial community structure was strongly, but independently, related to both phytoplanktonic production and light. Based on computer-simulated T-RFLP analyses of database 16S rRNA gene sequences, it appeared that the relationship between bacterial community structure and light observed along the transect was driven by the distribution of α-proteobacteria with phototrophic capabilities. In addition, experiments were conducted at sea to measure the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in response to amendments of amino acids, protein, N-acetyl glucosamine, and chitin. Variation in the response of heterotrophic bacteria in the experiments did not correlate significantly with variation in community structure along the transect, which suggests that the ability of the heterotrophic bacterial community to use specific components of the dissolved organic carbon reservoir was not related to its phylogenetic structure as detected by T-RFLP. However, a possible relationship between community structure and the cycling of chitin is discussed. Overall, the results stress the importance of both heterotrophic and phototrophic metabolisms when considering environmental controls on the structure of bacterial communities in the sea.
Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats and in dogs by corticotropin-releasing factor.

Intravenously injected synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor inhibited gastric secretion by reducing gastric secretory volume, acid concentration, and acid output, but elevated plasma gastrin levels in conscious 2-h pylorus-ligated rats. Corticotropin-releasing factor suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid output at intravenous doses of 4-17 nmol X kg-1 X h-1 in urethane-anesthetized, gastric fistula rats and at 0.1-1-nmol X kg-1 X h-1 doses in conscious, gastric-fistula dogs. The inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing factor was dose-dependent, long-lasting, and reversible. The other newly characterized hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic peptide, growth hormone-releasing factor, hpGRF (1-40), infused at a dose of 18 nmol X kg-1 X h-1, did not modify gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin in rats. Gastric response to corticotropin-releasing factor in rats was altered neither by naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, nor by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, but was partly reversed by vagotomy. These results demonstrate that corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric acid secretion in both rats and dogs. The inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on gastric secretion does not require the presence of the pituitary or the adrenal glands, or a functional prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway, and is not mediated through changes in gastrin secretion. It appears to be partially dependent on a degree of vagal tone as well as other mechanisms that await further elucidation.
Thyroidal Iodide Transport. IX. The Accumulation and Metabolism of Selenocyanate

75SeCN- is concentrated by thyroid slices of various species as well as by slices of salivary or mammary glands, rat thyroid tumor, kidney and liver. Antithyroid agents markedly inhibit both total thyroidal 76Se and 75SeCN- accumulation. The major part of the thyroid 76Se is present in a form remaining at the origin in chromatography from which it can be released as 75SeCN- by OH-, CN- or mercaptoethanol. It is postulated that this 75Se is present in the form RSSeCN.(Endocrinology 79: 795, 1966)
Deletions of single extracellular loops affect pH sensitivity, but not voltage dependence, of the Escherichia coli porin OmpF

The molecular basis for the voltage and pH dependence of the Escherichia coli OmpF porin activity remains unknown. The L3 loop was previously shown not be involved in voltage dependence. Here we used seven OmpF mutants where single extracellular loops, except L3, were deleted one at a time. The proteins are expressed at levels comparable to wild-type and purified as trimers. Wild-type and mutant proteins were inserted into planar lipid bilayers for electrophysiological measurement of their activity. Current-voltage relationships show the typical porin channel closure at voltages greater than the critical voltage. Measurements of critical voltages for the seven deletion mutants showed no significant differences relative to wild-type, hence eliminating the role of single loops in voltage sensitivity. However, deletions of loops L1, L7 or L8 affected the tendency of channels to close at acidic pH. Wild-type channels close more readily at acidic pH and their open probability is decreased by approximately 60% at pH 4.0 relative to pH 7.0. For mutants lacking loop L1, L7 or L8, the channel open probability was found not to be significantly different at pH 4.0 than at pH 7.0. The other deletion mutants retained a pH sensitivity similar to the wild-type channel. Possible mechanistic scenarios for the voltage- and pH dependence of E.coli OmpF porin are discussed based on these results.
Some Aerodynamic Problems of Aircraft Engines: Fifty Years After

Problems of high technological interest, for example the development of gas turbine engines, span disciplinary boundaries. Collaboration is critical in advancing the technology, but it has been less a factor in gas turbine research. In this paper it is proposed that step changes in gas turbine performance can emerge from such collaborative endeavors. In these, success depends on the development of integrated teams with the appropriate range of skills. This is well known in product development, but it is less familiar, and less subscribed to, in the research community. Case histories of two projects are given to illustrate the point: the development of the concept of “smart jet engines” and the Silent Aircraft Initiative. In addition to providing the ability to attack multidisciplinary issues discussion is also given about the way in which collaboration can enhance the research process within a single discipline.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Approximating Difference Evaluations with Local Information

Difference evaluations can effectively shape agent feedback in multiagent learning systems, and have provided excellent results in a variety of domains, including air traffic control and distributed sensor network control. In addition to empirical evidence, there is theoretical evidence demonstrating how difference evaluations help shape agent utilities/objectives in order to promote system-wide coordination. However, analytically calculating difference evaluation functions requires knowledge of the states of all agents in the system, as well as the mathematical form of the system evaluation function. In practice, neither of these elements are typically available. In this work, we demonstrate that each agent can locally approximate difference evaluations using only local state and action information, as well as a broadcast value (rather than the mathematical form) of the system evaluation function, allowing for difference evaluations to be implemented in multiagent systems where global state information is unavailable. This approximation technique is tested in a multiagent congestion problem, and the results demonstrate that approximate difference evaluations perform similarly to analytically computed difference evaluations, while using far less system information.
Midlife Concerns and Caregiving Experiences: Intersecting Life Issues Affecting Mental Health

Caregiving is one experience that transcends or perhaps permeates the multiple perspectives required to understand midlife experiences. The fact that families are the frontline of care, and that one in four households includes a caregiver, has been well established (Family Caregiving in the U.S.: Findings from a National Survey, 1997). Among those who provide care, persons in midlife predominate (Marks, Family Relations 45:27–36, 1996). At any time, approximately 20 % of midlife women and 14 % of midlife men provide care to relatives and friends who are ill or have disabilities. Caregiving during the middle years is so common that Brody (Gerontologist 25:19–29, 1985) defined it as a normative midlife experience, a definition recently challenged by Putney and Bengtson (Handbook of Midlife Development, 2001), and Cavanaugh (Clinical Geropsychology, 1998) explained it as a normative “life event challenge” (p. 131). To get a further understanding of caregiving in midlife, it is first necessary to understand midlife and the normative developmental processes and experiences of this period of life.
The Responsibility to Know: Race, Ignorance and White Supremacy

Charles Mills has outlined racialized ways of knowing which he identifies as an epistemology of ignorance, necessary to maintain white privilege in the context of commitments to formal equality. Ignorance is maintained both through racist systems of knowing as well as through systematized unknowing and indifference. The en-visioning of black subjectivity is a product of the white gaze, a gaze which works to secure the authority of whites to know the black experience. Race is visible, objectifiable and knowable in a way that assumes the irrelevance of the identity of the viewer. Feminist epistemologist as well as more recent work in feminist ethics suggests the problem of failing to take subjectivity into account. Drawing on the work of Lorraine Code and Margaret Urban Walker, we suggest that a more responsible racial politics, one that addresses both white ignorance and white privilege, requires locating subjects within a set of expressive-collaborative practices (Walker) in which the testimonial practices of non-whites are encouraged in a practice of silent yielding on the part of whites. Taken together testimony and silent yielding create the space for alternative accounts of race, revealing while simultaneously challenging white privilege.
2009 Biochemical Conversion Platform Review Report

This document summarizes the recommendations and evaluations provided by an independent external panel of experts at the U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program’s Thermochemical Conversion platform review meeting, held on April 14-16, 2009, at the Sheraton Denver Downtown, Denver, Colorado.
Quasi-Stoichiometric Silicon Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical-Vapor Deposition

Conditions for depositing quasi-stoichiometric silicon nitride films by low-temperature, remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, RPECVD, have been identified using on-line Auger electron spectroscopy, AES, and off-line optical and infrared, IR, spectroscopies. Quasi-stoichiometric films, by the definition propose in this paper, do not display spectroscopic evidence for Si-Si bonds, but contain bonded-H in Si-H and Si-NH arrangements. Incorporation of RPECVD nitrides into transistor devices has demonstrated that electrical performance is optimized when the films are quasi-stoichiometric with relatively low Si-NH concentrations.
REPLY TO HOOD'S "ON CREATIVITY AS DEFINED BY THE REMOTE ASSOCIATES TEST"

Hood (1969) has examined the implications of some of the criteria suggested by Mednick (1962) for defining creativity. He has pointed out that the criterion "useful" and the criterion "meets specified requirements" collapse into one category under certain laboratory circumstances. This is doubtless true. Mednick has an extended discussion of criteria for judgment of creativity in the section of the same paper headed Selection of the creative combination. He suggests "that the creativeness of a product is some function of the number of requirements that the product meets." Perhaps, in line with Hood's implication, it would be best to drop the criterion of "usefulness" and restrict the definition to the more easily operationalized "number of requirements that a product meets."
The Effect of Local Smokefree Regulations on Birth Outcomes and Prenatal Smoking.

Objectives We assessed the impact of varying levels of smokefree regulations on birth outcomes and prenatal smoking. Methods We exploited variations in timing and regulation restrictiveness of West Virginia's county smokefree regulations to assess their impact on birthweight, gestational age, low birthweight, very low birthweight, preterm birth, and prenatal smoking. We conducted regression analysis using state Vital Statistics individual-level data for singletons born to West Virginia residents between 1995-2010 (N = 293,715). Results Only more comprehensive smokefree regulations were associated with statistically significant favorable effects on birth outcomes in the full sample: Comprehensive (workplace/restaurant/bar ban) demonstrated increased birthweight (29 grams, p < 0.05) and gestational age (1.64 days, p < 0.01), as well as reductions in very low birthweight (-0.4 %, p < 0.05) and preterm birth (-1.5 %, p < 0.01); Restrictive (workplace/restaurant ban) demonstrated a small decrease in very low birthweight (-0.2 %, p < 0.05). Among less restrictive regulations: Moderate (workplace ban) was associated with a 23 g (p < 0.01) decrease in birthweight; Limited (partial ban) had no effect. Comprehensive's improvements extended to most maternal groups, and were broadest among mothers 21+ years, non-smokers, and unmarried mothers. Prenatal smoking declined slightly (-1.7 %, p < 0.01) only among married women with Comprehensive. Conclusions Regulation restrictiveness is a determining factor in the impact of smokefree regulations on birth outcomes, with comprehensive smokefree regulations showing promise in improving birth outcomes. Favorable effects on birth outcomes appear to stem from reduced secondhand smoke exposure rather than reduced prenatal smoking prevalence. This study is limited by an inability to measure secondhand smoke exposure and the paucity of data on policy implementation and enforcement.
Layer Performance in Deep and Shallow Cages : The Importance of Feed Intake Differences

Abstract White Leghorn layers were full-fed in deep and shallow design cages and compared with a group of layers in shallow cages that were control-fed the same amount of feed as the full-fed birds in the deep cages. The full-fed birds in shallow cages used more feed, had larger body weights and weight gains, produced more eggs and more egg mass, and had greater egg incomes than the full-fed birds in deep cages or the control-fed birds in shallow cages. As a result of the greater feed usage for the full-fed birds in shallow cages, egg incomes over feed costs were not different for the three treatment groups. No differences were observed between the full-fed deep cage birds and the control-fed shallow cage birds for any of the traits measured.
Discussion on the Integral Characteristics of Trigonometric Function Relative to Harmonics with Non-integer Orders

While determining active powers of harmonic components under state of harmonic condition during research of the harmonics in power quality,harmonics components of non-integer orders should also be taken into account besides of integer orders because of existence of harmonics components of both of them in some cases of actual harmonic measurements.It is necessary to discuss its integration characteristics relative to harmonic components of non-integer orders in mathematics.There are differences between existence of both non-integer orders and integer orders and only existence of integer orders while making integration to get average active power from harmonic measurements.The integration characteristics are analyzed and discussed in trigonometric function relative to the existence of both cases of integer orders and of non-integer orders.It seeks their mathematic base for power energy of harmonics in case of existence of non-integer orders.
The use of radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to predict platelet transfusion outcome

We used both radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to detect antibodies against platelets in multiply transfused patients to determine the value of these tests in predicting the outcome of platelet transfusion in such patients. In 15 allosensitized patients, we studied 68 single-donor platelet transfusions, 43 (63%) of which had a poor outcome, defined as a corrected count increment (CCI), less than 10,000. The results obtained with either test were significantly correlated with the CCI following transfusion (p less than 0.001), but the assay using the radiolabeled antiglobulin had slightly better sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. When the assays were used in combination, there was again significant correlation with the CCI of the transfusion, p less than 0.001. When both assays predicted failure of the transfusions, 31/31 (100%) such transfusions resulted in a CCI of less than 10,000, and when both assays predicted success of the transfusions, 14/15 (93%) such transfusions resulted in a CCI of greater than 10,000. Both assays are useful in predicting the outcome of the platelet transfusions; when the assay results were concordant, almost total predictive accuracy was obtained.
Clinical height measurements are unreliable: a call for improvement.

Height measurements are currently used to guide imaging decisions that assist in osteoporosis care, but their clinical reliability is largely unknown. We found both clinical height measurements and electronic health record height data to be unreliable. Improvement in height measurement is needed to improve osteoporosis care. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy and reliability of clinical height measurement in a university healthcare clinical setting. Electronic health record (EHR) review, direct measurement of clinical stadiometer accuracy, and observation of staff height measurement technique at outpatient facilities of the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. We examined 32 clinical stadiometers for reliability and observed 34 clinic staff perform height measurements at 12 outpatient primary care and specialty clinics. An EHR search identified 4711 men and women age 43 to 89 with no known metabolic bone disease who had more than one height measurement over 3 months. The short study period and exclusion were selected to evaluate change in recorded height not due to pathologic processes. Mean EHR recorded height change (first to last measurement) was −0.02 cm (SD 1.88 cm). Eighteen percent of patients had height measurement differences noted in the EHR of ≥2 cm over 3 months. The technical error of measurement (TEM) was 1.77 cm with a relative TEM of 1.04 %. None of the staff observed performing height measurements followed all recommended height measurement guidelines. Fifty percent of clinic staff reported they on occasion enter patient reported height into the EHR rather than performing a measurement. When performing direct measurements on stadiometers, the mean difference from a gold standard length was 0.24 cm (SD 0.80). Nine percent of stadiometers examined had an error of >1.5 cm. Clinical height measurements and EHR recorded height results are unreliable. Improvement in this measure is needed as an adjunct to improve osteoporosis care.
WE-E-204-03: Radiology and Other Imaging Journals

Research papers authored by Medical Physicists address a large spectrum of oncologic, imaging, or basic research problems; exploit a wide range of physical and engineering methodologies; and often describe the efforts of a multidisciplinary research team. Given dozens of competing journals accepting medical physics articles, it may not be clear to an individual author which journal is the best venue for disseminating their work to the scientific community. Relevant factors usually include the Journal’s audience and scientific impact, but also such factors as perceived acceptance rate, interest in their topic, and quality of service. The purpose of this symposium is to provide the medical physics community with an overview of scope, review processes, and article guidelines for the following journals: Radiology, Medical Physics, International Journal of Radiation Biology and Physics, Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, and Practical Radiation Oncology. Senior members of the editorial board for each journal will provide details as to the journals review process, for example: single blind versus double blind reviews; open access policies, the hierarchy of the review process in terms of editorial board structure; the reality of acceptance, in terms of acceptance rate; and the types of research the journal prefers to publish. Other journals will be discussed as well. The goal is to provide for authors guidance before they begin to write their papers, not only for proper formatting, but also that the readership is appropriate for the particular paper, hopefully increasing the quality and impact of the paper and the likelihood of publication. Learning Objectives: 1. To review each Journal’s submission and review process 2. Guidance as to how to increase quality, impact and chances of acceptance 3. To help decipher which journal is appropriate for a given work A. Karellas, Research collaboration with Koning, Corporation.
Metabolomic analysis of CSF indicates brain metabolic impairment precedes hematological indices of anemia in the iron-deficient infant monkey

Objectives: Iron deficiency (ID) anemia leads to long-term neurodevelopmental deficits by altering iron-dependent brain metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine if ID induces metabolomic abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the pre-anemic stage and to ascertain the aspects of abnormal brain metabolism affected.Methods: Standard hematological parameters [hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), transferrin (Tf) saturation, and zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZnPP/H)] were compared at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months in iron-sufficient (IS; n = 7) and iron-deficient (ID; n = 7) infant rhesus monkeys. Five CSF metabolite ratios were determined at 4, 8, and 12 months using 1H NMR spectroscopy at 16.4 T and compared between groups and in relation to hematologic parameters.Results: ID infants developed ID (Tf saturation < 25%) by 4 months of age and all became anemic (Hgb < 110 g/L and MCV < 60 fL) at 6 months. Their heme indices normalized by 12 months. Pyruvate/glutamine and phosphocrea...
Classical or Quantum? A Computational Study of Small Ion Diffusion in II–VI Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Ion diffusion in semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), has gained recognition in recent years as a crucial process for advancing both energy storage and, more generally, the postsynthetic p-type doping chemistry of these materials. In this report, we present first an energetic analysis of group I cations (H+, Li+, and Na+) diffusion in (MX)84– QDs, with M = Zn, Cd and X = S, Se. The bound solutions to the corresponding one-dimensional nuclear Schrodinger equation were solved for these systems, relying on the discrete variable representation method. From this vantage, the quantum nature of the intercalating ion can be revealed. Evidence for the importance of including quantum effects in the treatment of these diffusion processes is presented, both with the density of energy eigenstates of the intercalating ion and from a comparison of the standard deviation in the population distribution of the intercalating ion to the lattice spacings of its host material. Results suggest that the use of clas...
Induction of T Cell Immunity Using a Multipeptide Cocktail Containing XBP1, CD138 and CS1 Peptides in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

Abstract 5039 Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) patients are at high risk for progression to active multiple myeloma (MM), making them candidates for novel immunotherapeutic strategies to prevent or delay disease progression. Among potential strategies, the ability to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against multiple immunogenic epitopes provides a framework for overcoming major therapeutic challenges including heterogeneity of tumor associated antigen expression, frequent mutations of specific antigens, and variability of the human T-cell repertoire among individuals. In this study, we provide evidence that a cocktail of four immunogenic HLA-A2 specific peptides, heteroclitic XBP1 US184–192, heteroclitic XBP1 SP367–375, native CD138260–268 and native CS1239–247, induces specific CTL response in T cells from SMM patients. Following repeated rounds of multipeptide stimulation, we induced development of CD8+ CTL from SMM patients9 T cells. The multipeptide specific-CTL demonstrated polyfunctional immune activities including high levels of IFN-g production, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity against MM cells in an HLA-A2 restricted manner. The multipeptide-specific CTL displayed increased memory (CD45RO+) and activated (CD69+) CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, suggesting that a multipeptide vaccine has the potential to induce durable memory by generating specific memory CTL with characteristics of effector T cells against MM cells. In addition, the multipeptide-specific CTL demonstrated peptide-specific responses to each of the relevant epitopes including heteroclitic XBP1 US184–192, heteroclitic XBP1 SP367–375, native CD138260–268 and native CS1239–247, but not against an irrelevant HLA-A2-specific MAGE-3271–279 peptide in various functional assays including antigen-triggered CD137 (4-1BB) expression, IFN-g production and CD107a up-regulation. Therefore, these results suggest the potential of inducing a broad spectrum of immune responses against selected XBP1 unspliced, XBP1 spliced, CD138 and CS1 target antigens in SMM using multipeptide vaccination. In conclusion, these studies provide the framework for clinical trials of vaccination in patients with SMM to delay or prevent progression to active MM. Disclosures: Bae:Oncopep Inc. : Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Anderson:Oncopep Inc. : Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Munshi:Oncopep Inc: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties.
Abstract 4989: Cannabinoid receptor 2 and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 interact to abrogate CXCL12-mediated cellular response

The expression of C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been correlated with increased metastatic potential of cancer cells. CXCR4 increases tumor malignancy by encouraging tumors cells to migrate to distal organs expressing its cognate ligand, CXCL12, facilitating metastasis. Thus, targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis provides a good strategy to inhibit the metastatic spread of tumor cells and slow cancer progression. Recent studies suggest that cannabis may have anti-proliferative as well as anti-metastatic properties, though a biochemical mechanism describing how this occurs has yet to be discovered. Our lab has confirmed that an interaction between agonist-bound CXCR4 and agonist-bound Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) can decrease cancer cell migration. Simultaneous treatment of the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 with CXCL12 and AM1241, a synthetic ligand for CB2, desensitized the intrinsic cellular response to migrate toward areas of high CXCL12 concentration. Furthermore, through co-immunoprecipitation, we determined that there was increased interaction between the two receptors with co-stimulation. When CXCR4 and CB2 were activated simultaneously with various agonists, decreases in migration were observed, confirming that the regulatory activity was receptor-based, not agonist-based. Moreover, when cells were treated with the CB2 antagonist (AM630) and CXCL12 simultaneously, the decrease in migration was no longer seen, as CXCL12 was able to induce cell movement. In order to determine whether receptors were activated in response to simultaneous stimulation, calcium mobilization assays were performed and results showed that transiently activated calcium levels were significantly lower in response to simultaneous treated cells when compared to cells treat with their individual ligands. Therefore, we propose that the interaction of CB2 with CXCR4 may play a role in inhibiting the cells response to CXCL12, leading to a loss in metastatic potential and presenting a new mechanism for regulating oncogenic signaling. Citation Format: Christopher Coke, Ahriea Johnson, Kia Jones, Cimona Hinton. Cannabinoid receptor 2 and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 interact to abrogate CXCL12-mediated cellular response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4989. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4989