cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method for improving heavy ion spectra in scattering experiments

Energy spectra are often not sufficiently clean in two body scattering experiments with heavy ions where a small cross section is to be measured with good precision. We have improved such spectra by observing the angle of the recoiling nucleus in addition to the energy of the scattered projectile. By using a position sensitive detector to detect the recoils, we are able to obtain good angular resolution and also to observe a wide range of recoil angles. The method described here is applied to the investigation of inelastic scattering of 16O by 21Mg.
Pervasive ocular anomalies in posterior microphthalmos.

Abstract Background Posterior microphthalmos is a relatively rare condition that has been reported to coexist with several other ophthalmic conditions. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no previous reports that have found posterior microphthalmos and refractive, binocular, retinal, and neurologic considerations, along with a possible hereditary component. The following report documents the coexistence of posterior microphthalmos with severe hyperopia, esotropia, macular folds, and optic nerve hypoplasia in a pair of siblings. Case report A 9-year-old Hispanic girl presented for a comprehensive eye examination. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) was reduced in both eyes with poorer VA in the right eye. Binocular testing found a small angle constant right esotropia (ET). On dilated fundus examination, a peculiar, elevated, dolphin-shaped folding of the macula was identified, the right eye greater than the left eye, that extended toward an anomalous optic nerve head in both eyes (OU), presumed to be a disc hypoplasia. The patient’s brother, who also exhibited severe hyperopia and ET, presented with a similar acuity reduction, a nearly identical folded macular appearance, the right eye more so than the left eye, and a probable optic nerve hypoplasia. Pachymetry, ultrasonography, and ocular coherence tomography imaging of both siblings found thickened corneas in the presence of posterior microphthalmos OU and macular folds affecting only the retina, leaving the choroid and sclera unaffected. Conclusions Posterior microphthalmos may exist in the presence of ocular anomalies along with refractive, binocular, retinal, neurologic, and genetic considerations. In this case, optical coherence tomography provided information on the internal morphology of the macular folds, which helped direct the differential diagnosis. The similar presentation among siblings supports a hereditary component that warrants further investigation.
A note on the experimental uptake and clearance of Candida albicans in a young captive gull (Larus sp.).

An immature gull (Larus sp.) was placed in captivity after having been kept as a pet for several weeks and allowed to roam freely. On day one of captivity, bird feces showed the presence of Candida albicans but the yeast was absent for the next 16 days. The gull was fed only yeast-free water and fish. On day 17 only, the bird was fed fish containing C. albicans which had been isolated from a wild gull. The yeast was present in all fecal samples (2–4 per day) for the next 13 days. Beginning on day 26 and irregularly thereafter the bird was fed fish containing 100–200 mg of ketoconazole. Feces continued to show the presence of C. albicans but only sporadically because the bird continued to reinfect itself, probably by contaminating the water supply via feet or feces. After protecting the water, yeast presence in feces decreased. The gull was released on day 57; feces that day were negative for C. albicans. During the experimental period the bird displayed no clinical symptoms of candidiasis. The observations indicated that one exposure to C. albicans was sufficient to establish the carrier state and that the possibility exists for shedding a potentially dangerous microorganism over a large geographical area.
Snow cover has variable effects on persistence of fungicides and their suppression of microdochium patch on amenity turfgrass

Fungicides applied to turfgrass in temperate climates prior to snowfall are expected to suppress fungal diseases such as microdochium patch (Microdochium nivale) until infection conditions become unfavourable the following spring. However, mild winters with inconsistent snow cover may alter fungicide persistence and render the turf more susceptible to fungal infection. This study was conducted to determine the effect of snow cover on the persistence of the fungicides chlorothalonil and iprodione applied to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), maintained as a golf course fairway. The fungicides were applied 1 day prior to the first accumulating snowfall in Madison, Wisconsin, for four consecutive winters, beginning in 2009/10. Fungicide treatments were kept under continuous snow cover or maintained free of snow cover the entire winter to determine the effect of snow cover on fungicide persistence (2010/11 to 2012/13) and microdochium patch development in a controlled environment chamber (2009/10 to 2012/13). Iprodione concentration was not impacted by snow cover in 2010/11 but was reduced under snow cover relative to bare turf in 2011/12 and 2012/13. Chlorothalonil concentration was not impacted by snow cover in 2011/12 but was greater under snow cover in 2012/13. Microdochium patch severity in the controlled environment chamber was not impacted by snow cover with either fungicide in 2009/10 or 2011/12 but was slightly reduced under snow cover with both fungicides during 2010/11 and 2012/13. The majority of fungicide depletion occurred shortly after rainfall or snowmelt events, except in 2010/11 when both fungicides rapidly depleted during a warming trend without rainfall.
Performance and control of a 30-centimeter diameter, low impulse Kaufman thruster.

30 cm diameter mercury bombardment low impulse thrustor development for potential space applications, discussing performance and control
Improving support for parents of children with hearing loss: provider training on use of targeted communication strategies.

Background: When proper protocols are followed, children who are identified with a permanent hearing loss early in life have opportunities to develop language on par with their typical hearing peers. Young children with hearing loss are dependent on their parents to manage intervention during early years critical to their development, and parents’ ability to effectively integrate recommendations in daily life is foundational for intervention success. Audiologists and early intervention professionals not only need to provide current evidence-based services, but also must address parents’ emotional and learning needs related to their child’s hearing loss. Purpose: This study explored practice patterns related to education and support provided to parents of children with hearing loss and the influence of an in-service training on provider attitudes. Research Design: This study used a prepost design with a self-report questionnaire to identify practice patterns related to communication skills and support used by providers when working with parents of children with hearing loss. Study Sample: A total of 45 participants (21 professionals and 24 graduate students) currently working with children completed the pretraining questionnaire, and 29 participants (13 professionals and 16 graduate students) completed the postquestionnaire. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected using an online questionnaire before the training and 1 mo after training. Descriptive analyses were done to identify trends, and paired-samples t-tests were used to determine changes pretraining to posttraining. Results: Findings revealed that professionals most frequently teach skills to mothers (91%) and infrequently teach skills to fathers (19%) and other caregivers (10%). Professionals reported frequently collaborating with other intervention providers (76%) and infrequently collaborating with primary care physicians (19%). One-third of the professionals reported addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety as an interfering factor with the ability to implement management recommendations. For providers who completed both the prequestionnaires and postquestionnaires, an increase in confidence was reported for several areas of communication; however, as expected, practices remained similar, and all of the practicing professionals and 94% of the graduate students indicated a desire for more training on how to be effective in supporting parents with implementing intervention recommendations. Conclusions: Providers do not necessarily use effective methods of communication, needed to adequately help parents, requiring additional focused training to change how providers interact with parents and how support is provided.
Processes linking cultural ingroup bonds and mental health: the roles of social connection and emotion regulation.

Cultural and ethnic identities influence the relationships individuals seek out and how they feel and behave in these relationships, which can strongly affect mental and physical health through their impacts on emotions, physiology, and behavior. We proposed and tested a model in which ethnocultural identifications and ingroup affiliations were hypothesized explicitly to enhance social connectedness, which would in turn promote expectancy for effective regulation of negative emotions and reduce self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Our sample comprised women aged 18 to 30 currently attending college in the Southwestern US, who self-identified as Hispanic of Mexican descent (n=82; MAs) or as non-Hispanic White/European American (EAs; n=234) and who completed an online survey. In the full sample and in each subgroup, stronger ethnocultural group identity and greater comfort with mainstream American culture were associated with higher social connectedness, which in turn was associated with expectancy for more effective regulation of negative emotions, fewer depressive symptoms, and less anxiety. Unexpectedly, preference for ingroup affiliation predicted lower social connectedness in both groups. In addition to indirect effects through social connection, direct paths from mainstream comfort and preference for ingroup affiliation to emotion regulation expectancy were found for EAs. Models of our data underscore that social connection is a central mechanism through which ethnocultural identities—including with one’s own group and the mainstream cultural group—relate to mental health, and that emotion regulation may be a key aspect of this linkage. We use the term ethnocultural social connection to make explicit a process that, we believe, has been implied in the ethnic identity literature for many years, and that may have consequential implications for mental health and conceptualizations of processes underlying mental disorders.
Long-range stereo-relay: relative and absolute configuration of 1,n-glycols from circular dichroism of liposomal porphyrin esters.

The relative and absolute configurations of long-chain syn- and anti-1,5-, 1,7- and 1,9-glycols were determined from exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) of the corresponding bis-5-(4‘-carboxyl)-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin esters measured in uniform (φ = 26 nm), unilamellar liposomes. Long-range transmission of configuration by ECCD is made possible through partial ordering of glycol ester−lipid molecules by liposomal bilayers.
Unremitting Upper GI Bleeding from a Duodenal Mass

Question: A 68-year-old Caucasian man was admitted with a 1-week history of hematochezia and hemoptysis. At an outside community hospital he was found to have a hemoglobin of 9.6 g/dL and hematocrit of 28.8%, but was otherwise asymptomatic. He underwent endoscopy which demonstrated a 1- to 1.5-cm raised lesion actively oozing fresh blood in the proximal descending duodenum. Argon plasma coagulation was applied, but the patient continued to bleed, requiring transfusions and repeat coagulation performed 48 hours later. He was then referred to our center for further evaluation.
Task interspersal and performance of matching tasks by preschoolers with autism

Abstract The current study examined the effects of task interspersal on the performance of matching-to-sample tasks by three children with autism. A pre-baseline assessed each child's mastery level of a large body of matching stimuli. These matching tasks included matching identical and non-identical animals, numbers, letters, and shapes. Through this assessment mastered and non-mastered matching-to-sample stimuli were determined empirically. Following a baseline condition that presented only non-mastered stimuli in succession, treatment was introduced in a multiple-baseline design across children. During the treatment condition, trials with mastered stimuli were interspersed with trials with non-mastered stimuli. For all three children, the percentage of correct matching responses to the non-mastered stimuli increased systematically with the introduction of the interspersal procedure. Following treatment, a third condition was conducted that reduced the total number of reinforcers available per session to baseline levels. The data demonstrated that all three participants maintained treatment levels of correct responding during this third condition. Thus the increased reinforcement density during treatment was not needed for maintenance of correct responding. The discussion addresses additional control procedures that would be needed to evaluate the role of reinforcement density during treatment.
Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study of Permeability Enhancement in DPPC Bilayers by Incorporation of Lysolipid

The enhanced permeability of flat lipid bilayer membranes at their gel to liquid-crystalline (LC) phase transition has been explored using coarse-grained molecular dynamics. The phase transition te...
A simple and rapid radio-receptor assay for the estimation of acetylcholine

Abstract The high potency with which acetylcholine (ACh) inhibits the binding of the specific muscarinic agonist, [3H] cis methyldioxolane ([3H]CD), has provided the basis for the development of a radio-receptor assay for estimation of ACh. A synaptosomal preparation of the rat cerebral cortex was used as a source of muscarinic receptors. When binding assays were run at 0°C, the IC50 value of ACh was approximately 5 × 10−9 M, which corresponds to 2.5 – 10 pmoles of ACh, depending upon the assay volume. The ACh content of the rat cerebral cortex and corpus striatum was measured following fast microwave irradiation. By measuring the displacement of [3H]CD binding caused by aliquots of the supernatant from tissue homogenates and comparing the displacement values with an ACh standard curve, the ACh content of the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum was calculated to be 19 and 55 nmoles/g wet tissue weight, respectively.
Distributing decision support systems on the WWW: the verification of a DSS metadata model

The explosion of information on the World Wide Web (WWW) and on corporate Intranets has made it increasingly important to have methods of organizing and understanding the available content. One method being used to facilitate both the location of specific Web content and the assessment of its quality is metadata. This paper focuses on verifying a metadata model designed for distributing decision support systems (DSS) on the Web. The verification utilizes an experiment to assess end-users' understanding of specific DSS.
A new pressure-induced phase in PbHfO3

Abstract A new antiferroelectric phase becomes stable in PbHfO 3 at high pressure. The temperature-range of stability of this phase increases with increasing pressure.
Victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine street victimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms among urban homeless adolescents and to test whether emotional numbing and avoidance represent distinct posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters. Method Structured, private interviews were conducted with homeless adolescents ( N = 374) in the Seattle metropolitan area (95% response rate) from 1995 to 1998. Results Eighty-three percent of street youths were physically and/or sexually victimized after leaving home. Approximately 18% of these youths met research criteria for PTSD. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis suggest that disaggregating symptoms of avoidance from symptoms of emotional numbing provides a better fit of the data than the current DSM-IV model in which these symptoms are combined in one factor. Conclusions Sexual and physical victimization are serious threats for homeless adolescents, and those who are victimized are at risk for PTSD. Results challenge the belief that symptoms of avoidance and numbing represent one unified cluster in this population.
Characterizing Persistent Excitation for the Sign-sign Equation Error Identifier*

Abstract The sign-sign (SS) algorithm is a computationally efficient adaptive identifier, often used in signal processing tasks. It is obtained by introducing signum functions on both the regressor and the prediction error multiplicands in the update kernel of the well-known LMS algorithm. This paper gives a deterministic persistent excitation condition on the regressor sequence which guarantees SS convergence. It also gives conditions under which SS may diverge, and discusses how these persistent excitation conditions may be verified through a finite amount of computations.
A Markov Chain Model for the Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages Control Chart

Abstract A Markov chain approximation is used to determine the run length performance of a multivariate statistical process control chart. The Markov chain approach is widely used in the analysis of univariate control charts we extend the advantages of this type of analysis to a multivariate exponentially weighted moving averages control chart. The analysis can be applied whenever the multivariate control statistic can be modeled as a Markov chain and the run length performance depends on the off-target mean only through the noncentrality parameter.
γ-Hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine DNA Adduct Conjugates the N-Terminal Amine of the KWKK Peptide via a Carbinolamine Linkage

The γ-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine adduct (γ-OH-PdG) was introduced into 5′-d(GCTAGCXAGTCC)-3′·5′-d(GGACTCGCTAGC)-3′ (X = γ-OH-PdG). In the presence of excess peptide KWKK, 13C isotope-edited NMR revealed the formation of two spectroscopically distinct DNA–KWKK conjugates. These involved the reaction of the KWKK N-terminal amino group with the N2-dG propylaldehyde tautomer of the γ-OH-PdG lesion. The guanine N1 base imino resonance at the site of conjugation was observed in isotope-edited 15N NMR experiments, suggesting that the conjugated guanine was inserted into the duplex and that the guanine imino proton was protected from exchange with water. The conjugates could be reduced in the presence of NaCNBH3, suggesting that they existed, in part, as imine (Schiff base) linkages. However, 13C isotope-edited NMR failed to detect the imine linkages, suggesting that these KWKK conjugates existed predominantly as diastereomeric carbinolamines, in equilibrium with trace amounts of the imines. The struc...
Acetylcholine synthesis in rat brain: Dissimilar effects of clozapine and chlorpromazine

Abstract The rate of synthesis of acetylcholine, estimated from the rate of incorporation of intravenously administered choline (methyl- 3 H) into acetylcholine, was at least three times greater in the corpus striatum than in the cortex of rats killed by microwave irradiation. Administration of chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) orally to rats induced a decrease in the concentration of acetylcholine in the corpus striatum, but did not affect either the concentration of acetylcholine in the cortex or its rate of synthesis in either brain region, as measured 3 hr after treatment. In contrast to the effect of chlorpromazine, however, treatment with clozapine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) lowered the level of acetylcholine in both the corpus striatum and cortex, and reduced its rate of synthesis in these regions of the brain. The doses of clozapine and chlorpromazine that produced these dissimilar effects on metabolism of acetylcholine did induce equivalent changes in both the rate of avoidance responding and the metabolism of striatal dopamine in rats. The results suggest that clozapine reduces cholinergic neuronal activity in brain. This effect of clozapine may explain the lack of extrapyramidal side effects in psychotic patients treated with the drug.
The autoactivation of rabbit hageman factor

Proteolytic cleavage and activation of isolated, single chain, zymogen Hageman factor was observed in the presence of kaolin alone. The rate of cleavage of kaolin-bound Hageman factor was enhanced 50-fold by the presence of prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen. The two-chain 82,000 dalton form of activated Hageman factor (α-HF(a)) also cleaved kaolin- bound single-chain Hageman factor in a dose-dependent manner, yielding fragments of 28,000 and, 50,000 dahons under reducing conditions. Cleavage of kaolin-bound single-chain Hageman factor was not inhibited by preincubation with diisopropylfluorophosphate (12 mM) for 10 min, but long-term incubation of Hageman factor with diisopropylfluorophosphate (up to 48 h) resulted in inhibition of cleavage of kaolin-bound Hageman factor to an extent proportional to the inhibition of procoagulant Hageman factor activity. Hageman factor cleavage was maximal when the kaolin concentration was {approximately} 10-fold greater than the Hageman factor concentration (wt:wt), and was partially inhibited by high molecular weight kininogen. Kaolin-bound Hageman factor cleaved clotting factor XI in an amount which correlated with the extent of cleavage of the Hageman factor. These findings are compatible with the concept that single-chain Hageman factor and α- HF(a), are both capable of cleaving and activating kaolin-bound Hageman factor and that a close molecular association of kaolin-bound Hageman factor molecules is required for this reaction.
In Situ Immobilization of Lead Species in Combustion Environments by Injection of Gas Phase Silica Sorbent Precursors

A mechanistic study of the in situ immobilization of a toxic metal species in a high-temperature environment using gas phase sorbent precursors is described. Planar laser-based imaging measurements of fluorescence and particle scattering have been obtained to study the interaction of lead with silicon species in high-temperature oxidizing environ ments. The application of laser-induced fluorescence, the spectroscopy of PbO(g), and the techniques of measurement of gas phase precursors to particle formation are discussed. The silicon precursor is oxidized to form silica particles in the high temperatures, followed by a reactive scavenging of PbO(g). The result is that the lead oxide gas phase concentration is reduced, and homogenous nucleation of lead species is suppressed. The resultant particles are not only larger than a lead only case but also have mor phologies in which lead is effectively immobilized and vitrified within a silica matrix. Trace quantities of silicon species have been shown to be effect...
Expression of semaphorins in developing and regenerating olfactory epithelium.

Semaphorins provide signals that guide growing axons to their appropriate destinations. The secreted semaphorin, Sema3A, mediates repulsive effects on axons from various neuronal populations in embryonic rats. The authors localized Sema3A mRNA expression in the primary olfactory pathway during development, in adult rats, and in adult rats that were subjected to a unilateral olfactory bulbectomy. Developing rats at ages from embryonic day 14 (E14) to E19 expressed Sema3A in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the olfactory epithelium and in chondrogenic structures surrounding the nasal cavity. In vitro, ORN axons at E14 avoided substrate-bound Sema3A. Low levels of Sema3A expression persisted in the normal adult epithelium both in ORNs scattered throughout the epithelium and in small clusters. Three days after a unilateral olfactory bulbectomy, Sema3A transcript levels increased in regenerating neurons. High levels of Sema3A transcript were found at 1 week postbulbectomy, persisted for 2 weeks, and diminished by 3 weeks. Several other murine semaphorins (Sema4A, Sema4B, and Sema4C) were expressed differentially in the primary olfactory pathway both during development and regeneration. These findings suggest that Sema3A and perhaps other semaphorins play a role in directing ORNs out of the epithelium and to the olfactory bulb, their target structure, during both development and regeneration.
Comités D'action Viticoles. La Révolte du Midi

La levigo de la SudoLastatempe ekaperis okcitanaj luktaj sloganoj en suda Francujo. Turistoj spertis ruze organizitan trafikan haoson dum manifestacioj. Sed estroj de la okcitana movado kre-das, ke daure necesas publika informo pri gi. Jen, do, ekaperis la libro.Se oni pretas ensucigi en demandojn pri la vintekniko kaj vina industrio, la libro ofer-tas detalojn pri la politika lukto de la langvedokaj vinistoj. La protesto de la vinistoj estas nur unu aspekto de generate lukto kuntrau koloniigo far la industria nordo kaj la internacia kapitalo.De pluraj jaroj ekzistas grupoj alstrebantaj vivigon de la okcitana kulturo kaj ciutaga lingvo. Ekde la apero de la okcitana kanzonisto C. Marti (1969) la amaso ciam pli auskultas la movadon. En la movado nun kunigas diversaj grupoj. Oni volas ne nur savi unu industrion, sed solvi vastajn sociajn problemojn kiel ekz. la forlasadon de la kampa-ro. La redaktoro de la libro, M. Le Bris, finas per apelacio - ankorau Utopia - al autonomic de Okcitanio kaj al ekonomia disvolvigo surbaze de lokaj necesoj.Nur la estonto decidos pri la sukeeso de la nuntempa regionismo. Sed la nuna libro atestas al sango de tono, kompare al la antauaj okcitanaj verkoj - la okcitanoj gajnis memfidon kaj konfidas pri la venonta generacio.
The occurrence and context of the shaking signal in honey bees (Apis mellifera) exploiting natural food sources

This study reports on the occurrence of the shaking signal during a honey bee forager's life-time while it visits natural food sources. Experienced foragers and dance followers accounted for more than 93% of the shaking signals. Foraging success triggered shaking directly, during the next return to the hive, and indirectly, on the morning of the next day. Shaking occurred most often after the first foraging successes of the day and frequently following the first foraging success after a spell of bad weather. These findings confirm several hypotheses that predict that individual foraging success underlies colony-level patterns in shaking activity. Some results do not fit the previously suggested messages of the shaking signal. Therefore, I propose that the shaking signal has the very broad message: ‘reassess your current activity’. This message can explain the wide range of contexts that trigger shaking while it acknowledges that the meaning of the signal depends entirely on the context of the recipient.
Analytical Analysis of Coupled-Ring Reflectors Based on Symmetry Arguments

The reflection coefficient for a coupled-ring reflector is derived using the superposition of symmetric and anti-symmetric modes and the transmission formula of the single ring resonator. Analytical expressions were found for single reflection peak condition.
A multi-agent approach for generating ontologies and composing services into executable workflows

This paper proposes rethinking how ontologies are used to compose web services into business processes. Unlike handcrafted ontologies, we describe using a multi-agent system (MAS) to automatically generate semantic mappings from service interfaces. Comparing synonyms and contextual clues, we infer meanings of input and output parameters with no explicit semantics (as in a Web Services Description Language document). We further describe how this semantic mapping can be used to derive executable processes by comparing the derived ontologies of each service interface and mapping each service's outputs to inputs of every other service and finding the paths through the resulting graph.
New blind multiuser detection DS-CDMA algorithm using simplified fourth order cumulant matrices

A new blind Detection algorithm based on simplified fourth order cumulant matrices is presented and applied to the multi-user symbol estimation problem in Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems. The blind detection is to estimate multiple symbol sequences associated with all users in the downlink of DS-CDMA communication system using only the received wireless data and without any knowledge of the user spreading codes. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of higher cumulant matrix properties to reduce computational load and enhance performance. Bit error rate (BER) simulations of this algorithm are shown for different number of users, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and different number of symbols per user in comparison with the FAST ICA algorithm and Robust ICA. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the both ICA-Detectors in estimating the symbol signals from the mixed CDMA received signals.
Probing Anisotropic Structure Changes in Proteins with Picosecond Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

We have exploited the principle of photoselection and the method of time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate protein size and shape changes following photoactivation of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) in solution with ∼150 ps time resolution. This study partially overcomes the orientational average intrinsic to solution scattering methods and provides structural information at a higher level of detail. Photoactivation of the p-coumaric acid (pCA) chromophore in PYP produces a highly contorted, short-lived, red-shifted intermediate (pR0), and triggers prompt, protein compaction of approximately 0.3% along the direction defined by the electronic transition dipole moment of the chromophore. Contraction along this dimension is accompanied by expansion along the orthogonal directions, with the net protein volume change being approximately -0.25%. More than half the strain arising from formation of pR0 is relieved by the pR0 to pR1 structure transition (1.8 ± 0.2 ns), with the persistent strain presumably contributing to the driving force needed to generate the spectroscopically blue-shifted pB signaling state. The results reported here are consistent with the near-atomic resolution structural dynamics reported in a recent time-resolved Laue crystallography study of PYP crystals and suggest that the early time structural dynamics in the crystalline state carry over to proteins in solution.
An exploratory study of integrative personality pathology systems and the interpersonal circumplex

Normative and pathological personality traits are theoretically associated with interpersonal behavior patterns and difficulties. However, little is known about relations between dimensional personality systems that integrate pathological and normative traits and social functioning. The current study explores the projections of scales from two integrative frameworks, the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology and the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality, onto interpersonal circumplex traits and problems. The DAPP and the SNAP demonstrated similar overall validity in predicting the interpersonal domain. Results suggest a novel framework for understanding personality—interpersonal behavior relations by categorizing scales according to their: a) minimal, b) non-specific, c) specific, and d) differential relations to interpersonal traits and problems with important implications for future research relating clinical constructs to interpersonal behavior as well as clinical assessment and behavioral predictions based on SNAP and DAPP scales.
Trazodone for sleep disturbance during methadone maintenance: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background To test whether trazodone, one of the most commonly prescribed medications for treatment of insomnia, improves subjective and/or objective sleep among methadone-maintained persons with sleep complaints, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. Methods From eight methadone maintenance programs in the northeastern United States, we recruited 137 persons receiving methadone for at least 1 month who reported a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of six or higher. Two-night home polysomnography (PSG) was completed at baseline and 1 month later, with morning surveys and urine drug toxicologies. Interviews assessed sleep over the past 30 days at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Results Participants averaged 38 years of age, were 47% male, and had a mean PSQI total score of 12.9 (±3.1). At baseline, intervention groups did not significantly differ on 10 PSG-derived objective sleep measures and 11 self-reported measures. Over 88% (n = 121) of participants completed the PSG at 1-month. Without adjusting p-values for multiple comparisons, only 1 of 21 sleep measure comparisons was statistically significant (p Conclusions Trazodone did not improve subjective or objective sleep in methadone-maintained persons with sleep disturbance. Other pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments should be investigated for this population with high rates of insomnia.
Benzoate X receptor zinc-finger gene switches for drug-inducible regulation of transcription.

Benzoate X receptor zinc-finger gene switches for drug-inducible regulation of transcription
Preparation and Properties of Nickel Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin A reconstituted with nickel protoporphyrin IX (NiHbA) has been prepared and characterized. Kinetics of its reaction with p-mercuribenzoate and with haptoglobin, absorption and circular dichroism spectra, and x-ray crystallographic properties have been investigated as probes of its structural conformation. The results suggest that NiHbA exists in a structure that is similar to the deoxy, or T-state of HbA. It is proposed that NiHbA and its derivatives may serve as a useful model for future studies of hemoglobin allosteric changes.
A theoretical test of the pairwise energy model for reactive cross sections

Abstract The pairwise energy model (PEM) assumes that the cross section for the reaction A + BC → AB + C, where B and C are isotopes of hydrogen, depends on only the pairwise relative energy E S between A and B. The PEM has been used often to interpret the reaction of atomic ions with H 2 and HD, but until now there has been no theoretical justification of the model. In this paper we carry out extensive quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations for the three possible reactions of O( 3 P) + H 2 and HD and show that the PEM works very well at high collision energy. In particular, we are able to accurately predict the intramolecular isotope effect at high energy for the reaction of O + HD using only the cross section data for O + H 2 . To understand why the PEM works so well we have also carried out calculations on these reactions using two hard sphere models we developed recently. In addition, we have calculated the internal energy distributions P ( E int ) for the three reactions at a fixed relative energy E and also at a fixed pairwise energy E S . Our results suggest that the PEM should work well for many reactions of H 2 and HD at high energy.
Experimental investigation for the time-dependent effect in electrorheological fluids under time-regulated high pulse electric field

A new time-regulated high-voltage power supply is designed to investigate the dynamic process of the particle–particle interaction in electrorheological (ER) fluids. Its shortest acting time on the particle is less than 200 ns and the field strength can be adjusted linearly from 0 to 15 kV. At a field strength of 1.2 kV/mm, it is found that the initial response time of the glass microsphere is 18 ms and the respective chain and column formation times are measured to be about 125 and 900 ms. During particle aggregation, a sensitive shear stress device is applied to test the time dependence of ER effect and the results indicate that there exist three different stages of increasing effect. In addition, it is found that the aggregation of the microspheres becomes faster and the interaction among particles is much stronger under higher field strength.
Teaching NLP to Computer Science Majors via Applications and Experiments

Most computer science majors at Northern Illinois University, whether at the B.S. or M.S. level, are professionally oriented. However, some of the best students are willing to try something completely different. NLP is a challenge for them because most have no background in linguistics or artificial intelligence, have little experience in reading traditional academic prose, and are unused to open-ended assignments with gray areas. In this paper I describe a syllabus for Introduction to NLP that concentrates on applications and motivates concepts through student experiments. Core materials include an introductory linguistics textbook, the Jurafsky and Martin textbook, the NLTK book, and a Python textbook.
Solutions of the helmholtz equation having rapid growth

Function theoretic methods characterize the growth of entire function solutions of the Helmholtz equation on R2 Solutions of infinite order and type are identified through coefficient and Bernstein approximation theorems.
Ventricular septal thickness and cardiac function in neonates after in utero ritodrine exposure

Cardiac septal hypertrophy occurs after in utero ritodrine exposure. To assess the effect of septal hypertrophy on cardiac function we obtained M-mode echocardiograms on day 1 of life in 41 infants exposed to ritodrine and 22 control infants matched for gestational age. Mean duration of ritodrine exposure was 16.2 +/- 13.2 days (range 1 to 49 days). Disproportionate septal hypertrophy (DSH) was defined as an interventricular septal thickness/posterior wall thickness ratio (ST/PW) of greater than 1.3. Infants exposed to ritodrine in utero had DSH and increased right systolic time intervals compared with control values (P less than 0.05). A subgroup, those infants exposed for 2 weeks or longer, had not only DSH but also an absolute increase in septal thickness compared with control infants and infants exposed to ritodrine for less than 2 weeks. ST/PW correlated well with the duration of ritodrine exposure (r = 0.96); the longer the exposure the thicker the septum. Although all echocardiographic changes lasted for less than 3 months, we have no information regarding the effect on the fetus of maternal ritodrine exposure for longer than 7 weeks. Until such information is available, cardiac evaluation is recommended in neonates exposed to ritodrine in utero for longer than 7 weeks.
Descending vestibular activity and its modulation by proprioceptive, cerebellar, and reticular influences.

Abstract Descending vestibulofugal mechanisms are analyzed by a variety of techniques. Neurophysiologic evidence suggests that fibers within the vestibular nerve pass directly to ventral horn cells of the contralateral cervical cord without previous synaptic relay, and this finding is supported by unpublished anatomic studies of Rasmussen. These fibers cross most heavily 6 to 8 mm caudal to the obex at a depth of 3 to 4 mm. Significant differences in the configuration of responses obtained bilaterally from motor nerves of cervical and lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord suggest important changes in structural organization along the neuraxis, with the vestibulospinal tract becoming less important at lower levels than reticulospinal (and/or propriospinal) neurons. Activity in these tracts is represented by individual components of the responses recorded from cervical levels. These components can be selectively influenced by particular techniques of stimulation, anesthesia, and asphyxia. Descending fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus make no important contributions to descending vestibulofugal activity. Vestibular responses, particularly those recorded from cervical levels, are influenced by neck muscle proprioceptor stimulation. Ventroflexion of the head through 30° is sufficient to markedly diminish ipsilaterally recorded responses and completely abolish the contralateral ones. Gradually increasing ventroflexion of the head selectively inhibits components attributed to reticulospinal impulses before there is any change in the component supposed to be due to vestibulospinal activity. This effect persists following complete cerebellectomy, but is significantly reduced. A tonic inhibitory control of the cerebellum on the vestibular system is demonstrated by a marked augmentation of the peripherally recorded vestibular responses following acute cerebellectomy. The responses undergo a further growth following removal of a large portion of the medial reticular formation, demonstrating that the reticular formation can exercise inhibitory influences upon the vestibular system which are independent of the cerebellum.
PHYTATE CONTENT AND ITS EFFECT ON COOKING QUALITY OF BEANS

Storage of dry beans under conditions of relatively high moisture and temperature increased the cooking time of the beans about 5-fold. Among the changes that occur in beans stored in this way, the reduction (about 65%) in phytic acid content was the best indicator of increased cooking time. Cooking times of various legumes studied correlated well with the ratio of % phytic acid/% Ca present in the beans. Soaking high moisture beans in a solution of either phytic acid or EDTA reduced cooking time to that of control beans. Cooking time of control beans soaked under the same conditions was reduced by between 1/3 and 1/2, depending on the solution used.
Nitrato- and fluoroboracites M3B7O13NO3 and M3B7O13F

Abstract New boracites containing nitrato- or fluoroanions that appear to be true low-pressure phases have been synthesized at superatmospheric pressures. The M3B7O13NO3 compounds (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) transform rapidly and reversibly in the temperature region 300–500°C between probable orthorhombic and face centered cubic symmetry, while the M3B7O13F compounds (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn) appear to maintain rhombohedral symmetry up to their decomposition temperatures of 800–900°C. True high-pressure boracite-like phases containing F and Cr, Mn, Fe, or Co that decompose upon heating to M3B7O13F have also been isolated.
Environmental Health and Anthropology in a County Health Department

I became a participant observer long before I learned much about the academic discipline of anthropology. I have held a variety of unusual jobs over the past twenty years, from working as a deck hand on shrimp boats in Florida to harvesting tobacco in Kentucky. When I enrolled in graduate school, my early experiences in the fishing industry drew me to fisheries issues as they are related to the social sciences, particularly anthropology.
Assessment of malingering after mild head trauma with the portland digit recognition test

The Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT), a forced-choice measure of recognition memory designed for the purpose of assessing the possibility of malingering, was administered to two groups of clinically referred patients seeking financial compensation for injuries including a mild head trauma group and a brain dysfunction group and also to a third group with brain dysfunction not seeking compensation. The three groups were equated on verbal acquisition ability. The two groups seeking remuneration were impaired on the PDRT compared with the group not seeking compensation, and the brain dysfunction group seeking compensation was superior to the mild head trauma group. Cut-off scores were established for the group with brain dysfunction not seeking compensation, and 33% of the mild head trauma group and 18% of the brain dysfunction group seeking compensation fell below the cut-offs. Significantly below chance scores were found in 17% and 3% of the two groups seeking compensation, respectively. Difficult PDRT items were more sensitive than easy items to compensation-related deficit. The PDRT is recommended as a measure of exaggeration of memory deficits.
Diacylglycerol's affair with protein kinase C turns 25

This year marks the 25-year anniversary of the discovery by Nishizuka and co-workers that diacylglycerol activates the ubiquitous signal transducer protein kinase C. This discovery placed the lipid second messenger-protein kinase C signaling pathway center stage alongside the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway, which was already established as a fundamental mechanism for transducing extracellular signals.
Interactive display of large-scale NURBS models

We present serial and parallel algorithms for interactive rendering of large scale and complex NURBS models on current graphics systems. The algorithms tessellate the NURBS surfaces into triangles and render them using triangle rendering engines. The main characteristics of the algorithms are improved polygonization algorithms, exploitation of spatial and temporal coherence and back-patch culling. Polygonization anomalies like cracks and angularities are avoided. We analyze a number of issues in parallelization of these techniques, as well. The algorithms work well in practice and are able to display models consisting of thousands of surfaces at interactive frame rates on the highly parallel graphics system, Pixel-Planes 5.
A New CJASN Series: Renal Physiology for the Clinician

With this issue, CJASN begins a new series of review articles designed to reconnect clinical nephrologists and trainees with the fundamentals of renal physiology and pathophysiology. For many of us, our initial interest in nephrology was the result of fascination with clinical fluid and electrolyte
Palladium–gold oxo complexes

Treatment of L2PdCl2 (L2 = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) with [(L′Au)3(µ3-O)]BF4 (L′ = PPh3) has yielded cationic oxo complexes with core formulas Pd2Au2O2 and Pd4AuO3 thereby doubling the number of structurally characterized Pd oxo complexes.
Father-daughter incest: unconscious fantasy and social fact

This article examines the etiological role of incest as unconscious fantasy and incest as social fact in producing psychopathology
A fast algorithm for multiprocessor scheduling of unit-length jobs

An efficient polynomial time algorithm for the problem of scheduling n unit length jobs with rational release times and deadlines on m identical parallel machines is presented. By using preprocessing, a running time of $O(mn^2 )$ is obtained that is an improvement over the previous best running time of $O(n^3 \log \log n)$. The authors also present new NP-completeness results for two closely related problems.
Analysis of a Device for Generating Perturbations in Supersonic Wind Tunnels

The analytical study of a device called the dual plate disturbance generator is described. This device has been proposedasa mechanism for generatinggustlike perturbations in supersonicwind tunnels. Thedevice is envisioned as a means to experimentally validatedynamicmodels and control systems designed for high-speed inlets. The dual platedisturbancegenerator is composedof two  at trapezoidalplates thatmodify theproperties of the  ow ingested by a supersonic inlet. One plate may be oscillated to generate small perturbations in the  ow. The other plate is held stationary to maintain a constant angle of attack. Four modes of operation exist; each mode is distinguished by the relative position of the plates and the structure of the resulting  ow eld. Design equations and performance maps were developed for one of the four modes of operation using an idealized approach and the compressible  ow relations. The maps and equations were then used to design and evaluate a disturbance generator for a 3.05 £ 3.05 m (10 £ 10 ft) supersonic wind tunnel. Results suggest that, under certain conditions, the proposed device canmeet and exceed established gust generator requirements. However, further study is required to identify the optimalmode of operation and establish feasibility.