cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stomatitis and diarrhea of infants caused by a hitherto unrecognized virus

Summary 1. A stomatitis of infants and children often accompanied by diarrhea is reported. The disease occurs most frequently in infants under 6 months of age. 2. A hitherto unrecognized virus has been isolated from the mouths and from stools of infants with the disease by inoculation of the scarified rabbit cornea. The virus has been propagated and maintained in serial transfer through forty passages in the eyes of young rabbits. 3. The specific causal relation of the virus of stomatitis and diarrhea of infants to the disease has been demonstrated by the appearance of neutralizing antibodies in the convalescent serum of individuals recovering from the condition. Further supportive evidence that this virus is the cause of the stomatitis was obtained from an accidental laboratory infection with filtered material from infected rabbit corneas. 4. The evidence thus far indicates that the virus is highly contagious. 5. The stomatitis has been found to occur sporadically in adults and such persons may serve as sources of infection for susceptible infants. Adults have been found to harbor and spread the virus when they themselves demonstrate no evidence of infection.
Interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility of the subjective determination of glaucomatous visual field progression

Purpose To determine the extent of interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility of the subjective determination of visual field progression with achromatic automated static perimetry in eyes with glaucoma, and to determine the impact of access to Glaucoma Progression Analysis (GPA) data on interobserver agreement. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Participants Five glaucoma subspecialists from 5 different academic medical centers. Methods Five visual field tests from each of 100 eyes of 83 patients being monitored for glaucoma were retrospectively identified and subjectively and independently evaluated by the 5 glaucoma subspecialists. Each set of visual fields was classified regarding progression as “none,” “questionable,” “probable,” or “definite.” More than 1 month later, the same expert observers reevaluated the same sets of visual field tests to allow determination of intraobserver reproducibility. A final subjective evaluation regarding progression was performed 3 months later, at which time the expert observers had access to the GPA printout. Main Outcome Measures The level of interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility was estimated using kappa statistics on the raw classification data and also on dichotomized data in which “none” and “questionable” progression were reclassified together as nonprogressed and “ probable” and “definite” were reclassified as progressed. Results Intraobserver reproducibility was good to excellent (kappa = 0.62–0.78) for the raw data and moderate to good (kappa = 0.58–0.71) for the dichotomized data. Interobserver agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–0.55) for the raw classification data and also for dichotomized data (kappa = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.46–0.64). Access to the GPA printout did not significantly change the level of interobserver agreement. Conclusions Five glaucoma experts had good to excellent reproducibility of the determination of visual field progression compared with earlier evaluation of the same field sets. Agreement among the experts with each other was only moderate, and did not improve when each had access to GPA results. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Tandem mass spectrometry studies of protonated and alkali metalated peptoids: Enhanced sequence coverage by metal cation addition

Abstract The fragmentation characteristics of five oligo-peptoids were studied under tandem mass spectrometry conditions. The charged peptoids were produced by protonation and alkali metal cation (Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + ) addition. The peptoids were ionized by the MALDI process and the resulting ions were fragmented via collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. All charged peptoids fragmented predominantly at the amide bonds. Highly abundant and sequence-dependent fragment ions were observed. The fragmentation patterns for the protonated peptoids and the metal cation adducts were strikingly different. All protonated peptoids fragmented by producing predominantly Y-type ions. The bias towards Y-ions was largely due to the greater proton affinity of the secondary amine at the terminal side of the Y-ions. All alkali metalated peptoids fragmented by producing both Y′- and B′-type ions, suggesting a “mobile metal cation” mechanism. For the peptoids with basic side chains, formation of the most abundant ions corresponded to the cleavage of the amide bonds at or near the basic residue. These results suggest that the metal cations are largely coordinated to the side chain of the basic residue. Chelation between the metal cation and the amino groups of the peptoids is an important factor to stabilize the fragment ions. For the peptoid without a basic side chain, the ion intensity was evenly distributed among all medium sized fragment ions. Fragmentations of protonated and alkali metalated peptoids yielded complementary sequential information, which demonstrated the practical utility of using mass spectrometry methods for de novo sequencing of peptoid libraries generated by combinatorial chemistry.
High-power laser testing of 3D meta-optics

ABSTRACT 3D Meta -Optics are optical components that are based on the engineering of the electromagnetic fields in 3D dielectric structures. The results of which will provide a class of transformational optical components that can be integrated at all levels throughout a High Energy Laser system. This paper will address a number of optical components based on 2D and 3D micro and nano -scale structures and their performance when exposed to high power lasers. Specifically, results will be presented for 1550 nm and 2000 nm spectral bands and power densities greater than 100 kW/cm 2 . Keywords: Spectral filter, resonant structures, high energy laser INTRODUCTION Many applications of modern opti cal systems rely heavily on the ability to customize the output beam of an optical system to fit the application requirements. Applications in telecommunications, for instance, place the operation wavelength at 1.55 µm while medical applications utilize 2. 94 µm to take advantage of water absorption in the skin. Additionally, operation in optical fibers and laser systems typically requires the use of a narrowband spectral selectivity while both narrowband and broadband reflectors have been proposed for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) [1,2 ]. The beam shape can als o play a vital role in the success of a device. For instance, a Gaussian beam profile may be optimal for investigating high power laser damage, while spatial multiplexing can take advantage of a non -Gaussian beam profile. If the components are to be used a s out -couplers in bulk lasers , the optics must be able to operate at high power densities. As a whole, the ability to fully control the output beam from an optical system across a broad spectral range requires new device geometries. To overcome this divers ity in the element geometry, diffractive and micro -optics have been used [3]. B ased on the ir well -known fabrication process [4], these device geometries have b een used as spectral and spatial filters as well as spectral and spatial beam shaping devices [5].
Characterization of heating, movement and visualization of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Magnetic nanoparticles can be used for a variety of biomedical applications. They can be used in the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, as contrast agents in MR imaging and in the hyperthermic treatment of cancers. Previous studies using these particles have not dealt with a quantitative characterization of movement and heating of these particles in biological environments. In the present study, the thermal characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles in water and collagen were investigated. In other studies, the movement of these particles in collagen in a known magnetic field was studied; infra-red (IR) imaging was used to visualize these particles in vitro. The results show that the amount of temperature rise increases with the concentration of nanoparticles regardless of the microenvironments. However, the amount of heating in collagen is significantly less than water at the same nanoparticle concentration. IR imaging can be used to visualize these particles in vitro over a wide range of concentrations of these nanoparticles.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Adsorption and isotopic fractionation of Xe

A theoretical description of the mechanisms of isotopic fractionation arising during adsorption of noble gases in a Henry's Law pressure regime is given. Experimental data on the isotopic composition of Xe adsorbed on activated charcoal in the temperature range 220 K to 350 K are presented. Both theoretical considerations and the experimental data indicate that equilibrium adsorption does not significantly alter the isotopic structure of adsorbed structure of adsorbed noble gases. Therefore, if adsorption is responsible for the elemental noble gas pattern in meteorites and the earth, the heavy noble gas isotopic fractionation between them must have been produced prior to and by a different process than equilibrium adsorption.
Advances in oxygen evolution catalysis in solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

Continuous polarization of a stabilized RuO2 oxygen anode in a solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell at 1072 mA cm−2 resulted in severe anode deterioration within 24–48 hr. In contrast, a new Ru-based mixed oxide catalyst, termed WE-3, exhibited stability in oxygen evolution over a 6700 hr period, with testing beyond that point still in progress. The activation energy for oxygen evolution on WE-3 is comparable to that observed on new RuO2 anodes.
An n-dimensional retrieval model

This paper reports a technique which expands W. Goffman's Indirect Method search strategy by using means other than index terms to reflect document content. The four basic measures of document relatedness were: (1) Index terms, (2) Journals in which the documents appeared, (3) Closeness of the authors of the documents and (4) Closeness of citations. In the experiment a distance function between documents is defined, based on the properties of the documents themselves. The proximity between pairs of documents is then determined by calculating the Euclidean distance. Based on the results of this experiment, authors or authors with journals are the best measures of document relatedness. This aspect should be explored further.
Health-Related Quality of Life Improves Dramatically From Pre-Implant to Post Implant (6 months) for Continuous Flow LVAD Patients in INTERMACS

s S75 DT and BTT. Mental scores were statistically improved for BTT patients at 3 and 6 months; DT patients showed numeric improvements but the differences did not achieve significance at any time point. Conclusion: CF-LVAD therapy results in significant improvement of QOL as assessed by serial SF-36. Compared with pre-implant, the physical improvements are sustained and statistically significant to 12 months in DT and BTT populations.
The swelling property of central nervous system nerves using X-ray diffraction

Abstract Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded from cattle and rabbit optic nerves swollen in glycerol solutions. The new X-ray data have a resolution of about 15 to 16 A. Analysis of the low-angle X-ray data indicates that the myelin layers of optic nerves swell in units of four membranes, that is, two membrane pairs adhere together during the process of swelling. Fourier syntheses of glycerol-treated cattle optic nerves are described. Differences in structure between the normal and swollen membrane pairs are apparent.
A system analysis approach for atmospheric observations and models: Mesospheric HOx dilemma

[1] A systematic consistency analysis and optimization procedure is applied to models of representative ozone, OH, and HO 2 observations in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere. The approach considers both measurement and rate parameter uncertainties. The results show some data point inconsistencies and the inability of the accepted photochemical mechanism to predict observations without unfavored large alterations of many rate constants from their consensus values. Optimization results do favor larger rate constants for OH + O and photolytic ozone and OH production.
Extra vertebrae associated with esophageal atresias and tracheoesophageal fistulas

A survey of radiographs of 44 infants with tracheoesophageal anomalies revealed the presence of extra vertebrae in 75 per cent of the cases. Vertebral hypersegmentation was present in infants with esophageal atresia alone, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, and tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia. The presence of additional vertebrae indicates that an excessive number of somites developed during embryonic life. This finding lends support to the theories that tracheoesophageal anomalies result from a growth disturbance in early embryonic life, that different types of tracheoesophageal anomalies have a common pathogenetic mechanism, and that the causative insult predates actual separation of the trachea and esophagus. Vertebral hypersegmentation should serve as an important adjunct in the diagnosis of tracheoesophageal anomalies, particularly in those lesions that are difficult to demonstrate radiologically.
Evaluation of vernier acuity near healed retinal laser lesions

Seven Cynomolgus fasciculata who had graded laser lesions placed in own eye 6 years previously were evaluated for their vernier acuity by electrophysiologic recording techniques. In these experiments, 95 percent contrast vernier acuity targets were presented at high luminance levels to anesthetized primates. Visual evoked potentials were recorded by conventional means form scalp electrodes through hospital grade amplifiers. All animal testing was performed under IACUC approved protocols. The single q-switched pulses form a neodymium-YAG laser had produced lesions of 4 types: no visible change, minimal visible lesions, 'white dot' lesions and 'red dot' lesions in the eye at the time of placement. Single exposures had been made in four locations: 5 degrees superior, inferior and temporal to the fovea, and one foveally. Vernier recording proved somewhat successful in smaller animals with less than contained retinal hemorrhage lesions in the fovea. Initial analyses demonstrated a significant decrease of the pattern response signal/noise in the experimental eye overall, and an apparent relative loss of vernier signal in some lesioned eyes. Animals with the more severe lesions have somewhat degraded small patten responses and no recordable vernier response. Apparent lesser losses produced less effect.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Marx/Dewey Dialogue on the Prospects for an American Socialism

Discusses family resemblances between the philosophical and social outlooks of Karl Marx and John Dewey. Despite fundamental differences (for example Dewey′s meliorism versus Marx′s commitment to revolutionary struggle), the degree of their philosophical compatibility is considerable. There are, for example, striking parallels between their respective versions of epistemological pragmatism and naturalism. Discusses in detail resemblances between their respective critiques of liberal capitalism.
Human capital as structural vulnerability of US poverty

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the individualistic and the structural nature of human capital and its relationship with poverty.Design/methodology/approach – An examination was made of the individual and the interaction effects of three dimensions of human capital (education, training, and health), gender, race, and underemployment on poverty status, after controlling for the direct effect of these variables. The sample included working‐age individuals in the USA taken from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP).Findings – The results show that among the human capital variables, postsecondary education is a particularly important factor associated with poverty among women and minorities. Job training, on the other hand, worsened the economic situation for non‐Whites. For individuals with less than post‐secondary education, the combined effect of training participation and health status significantly reduced the likelihood of being poor. Underemployment c...
Emotional Response Patterns to Body Weight-Related Cues: Influence of Body Weight Image

75 female University students were given either a body weight related questionnaire (QJ) or a control questionnaire (Q2) prior to taking the California Test of Personality (CTP), a measure of emotional adjustment. Overweight body image women given QJ had significantly lower emotional adjustment scores p < .01) regardless of actual body weight than all others. Women with normal images had higher CTP scores (p < .01). Women given Q2 had equivalent scores regardless of body weight or image. The study experimentally demonstrated that females emotionally respond to stimuli that focus attention on body weight, and the direction of their responses depends on body weight image.
Potentiation of the humoral response of intravenous antigen by splenotropic liposomes.

We have recently described that large liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (chol) and monosialoganglioside GM1 show elevated accumulation in the red pulp of the spleen when they are i.v. administered into mice. Up to 50% of the injected dose was found in spleen at 4 h post injection. In this report, we have investigated the potential application of such liposomes in the stimulation of anti-lysozyme response in mice. Lysozyme entrapped in the splenotropic liposomes composed of PC/chol/GM1 showed higher efficiency in potentiating the humoral response than that of either free lysozyme or lysozyme entrapped in hepatotropic liposomes composed of PC/chol. The results demonstrate that high levels of i.v. antigen delivery by liposomes to the splenic macrophage instead of the liver Kupffer cells is important in the liposomal adjuvanticity. The antibody elicited by the liposome entrapped antigen was mainly IgG1 subtype.
Large time solutions for temperatures in a semi-infinite body with a disk heat source

Abstract This paper presents a series solution for the local surface temperature history for a semi-infinite body heated only over a circular region. Inside this region the heat flux is constant with time and position while outside the circular area the surface is insulated. A number of approximate solutions are available in the literature. One exact solution is available but it is in the form of an integral with an infinite domain. The solution developed herein is much more convenient to use for all dimensionless times except the smallest. Extensive curves and tables are provided also. In addition to the surface solution there is a solution for certain interior locations also for ‘large’ times. The solution is important because it is a basic geometry in heat conduction and is frequently needed in connection with cylindrical bodies. The solution can be utilized as a building block for related finite geometries for time-variable heating and for symmetric spatially-varying heat flux cases. It can also be used in a promising new calculation method that is called the surface element method.
Patterns of consultant and consultee verbalizations: Examining communication leadership during initial consultation interviews

Abstract The verbal interactions of 41 initial consultation interviews were analyzed using Bergan's (1977) Consultation Analysis Record procedures. The consultants were graduate students participating in an upper-level graduate course on school-based consultation, while the consultees were field-based educational and psychological professionals. The professional problems serving as the focus for each consultation session were both real and current. Each interview was transcribed and subsequently analyzed by trained coders. Interrater reliability was monitored throughout the coding process. Results indicated that both consultants and consultees exercised important leadership functions, doing so in both common and unique ways. Both consultant and consultee content leadership was positively related to indices of interview effectiveness, while the same was true for consultant but not consultee process leadership. Overall, the data reflect a pattern of shared leadership during consultation interactions.
Quantitative determination of noncovalent binding interactions using automated nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry.

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has proven to be an extremely powerful tool for studying biomolecular structures and noncovalent interactions. Here we report a method using a fully automated, chip-based nanoESI-MS system to determine the dissociation constants (Kd) for the complexes of two different proteins with their ligands. The automated nanoelectrospray system, consisting of the NanoMate and ESI chip, serves functionally as a combination of autosampler and nanoelectrospray ionization source. This system provides all the advantages of conventional nanoelectrospray plus automated, high-throughput analyses without carryover. The automated nanoESI system was used to investigate quantitative noncovalent interactions between ribonuclease A (RNase A) and cytidylic acid ligands (2‘-CMP, CTP), a well-characterized model protein−ligand complex, and between an inactive endocellulase mutant (Thermobifida fusca Cel6A D117Acd) and four oligosaccharide ligands (cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellope...
Hilliard Jason, MD, EdD: a medical student turned educator.

The field of Education saved my medical career in some ways. I became hugely disenchanted with medical school. I found it dull and stressful, in a disappointing sense. Not stressful in its demands that were being made on me, but stressful in how irrational it seemed. I had come to medical school full of hope and excitement ... I was anticipating a program that was going to help me become 'a scientific, caring, humane physician,' who understood the human condition and was devoted to people. What I found was boring, mindless repetition and memorization.
Identical mesenteric, femoral and renal vascular responses to angiotensins II and III in the dog

Abstract The effects of angiotensin II (AII) and its 1-des Asp analog (AIII) given intra-arterially (0.3–30 ng/kg) were compared in the mesenteric, femoral, and renal vascular beds in anesthetized dogs in which flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. As has been shown previously, AII and AIII produced similar changes in renal blood flow. In view of the reduced pressor activity of AIII it was surprising to find strikingly similar responses to AII and AIII in the mesenteric and femoral vascular beds. We conclude that the difference in pressor activity of these agents is attributable to something other than differences in their peripheral vascular receptor, and perhaps may be due to differences in their central actions.
Significant variation of proton population in the equatorial thermosphere

Abstract Variation of the quasitrapped component of proton population in the energy range of 0.64 to 35 MeV that peaks over the minimum magnetic field equator has been studied in the thermospheric altitude range of 280 – 850 km using the results of investigations by German satellite AZUR (1969–1970), US S81-1 mission (1982), and Japanese EXOS-C mission (1984–1986). The quasitrapped perpendicular flux identified by their L-independence feature, has been converted to absolute proton population using the instrument response function. The absolute proton population during the solar maximum of 1982 is, at least, forty times larger than that during the solar minimum of 1984–1986, and three times larger than that during the comparatively weak solar maximum of 1969–1970.
High performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of artemisinin, raw material in the synthesis of artesunate and artemether.

Abstract A barrier to the development of artemisinin derivative based combination treatment of malaria is the lack of defined specifications and purity test methods for the raw material artemisinin. An HPLC method previously published in the International Pharmacopoeia to evaluate purity of artemisinin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient is adapted for use. Excellent method precision and linearity are demonstrated along with observations of robustness. In support of the development of specifications major impurities are identified using high resolution HPLC–MS, isolation via preparative HPLC followed by NMR. The identified impurities differ from those previously claimed.
Linear and quadratic programming in oriented matroids

Abstract We prove constructively duality theorems of linear and quadratic programming in the combinatorial setting of oriented matroids. One version of our algorithm for linear programing has the interesting feature of maintaining feasibility. The development of the quadratic programming duality result suggests the study of properties of square matrices such as symmetry and positive semi-definiteness in the context of oriented matroids.
Paired associate learning of Morse code and Braille letter names by dyslexic and normal children.

Twenty dyslexic and twenty normal children, matched for age and sex and with the same mean I.Q. were tested on their ability to learn letter names of Braille configurations presented visually or tactually and to Morse Code signals presented aurally. The dyslexic Ss learned fewer letters in all three modalities although for both groups the visual-verbal method was easiest. The deficits were not attributable to specific modality dysfunction nor to a failure of intersensory integration. More general encoding and retrieval difficulties appear to be implicated.
Nonlinear Position Control of Smart Actuators Using Model Predictive Sliding Mode Control

This paper investigates a novel nonlinear positioning control methodology for piezoelectric stack actuators. Piezoelectric devices become very common recently for precise positioning, primarily due to the fact that they are solid state and can be accurately controlled by a voltage or current input. However, hysteresis decreases positioning accuracy and could lead to instability. The ultimate goal is to reduce it so that the piezoelectric device has a nearly linear relationship between the input field and output strain. The main purpose of this research is the reduction of the hysteresis utilizing a hysteresis model and a nonlinear model-based controller. A novel control method called model predictive sliding mode control (MPSMC) will be utilized on an actuator using a nonlinear energy-based hysteresis model. The idea of MPSMC is to implement model predictive control techniques to improve sliding mode control by forcing the system to reach the sliding surface in an optimal manner. Simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the technique.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Dynamic load balancing for a 2D concurrent plasma PIC code

Abstract We have developed and implemented a load balancing scheme for particle-in-cell (PIC) codes which use the GCPIC algorithm on MIMD computers. The algorithm has been applied to a two-dimensional electrostatic plasma PIC simulation code using 1D partitions for particles and fields. The code is a parallelized version of a well-benchmarked sequential plasma PIC code which uses quadratic field and charge interpolation and an FFT-based Poisson solver. This code has been run on the Caltech/JPL Mark III fp, NCUBE2, and Intel i860 Gamma hyper-cube computers. Particle load balance is maintained by readjusting the GCPIC primary partitions whenever any processor's particle count exceeds a certain imbalance threshold. The new partition boundaries are calculated based upon a 1D number density function computed from the grid deposited charge distribution. Dynamic load balancing is found to be effective when the execution time of the particle push dominates over execution time for the field solve. For a large class of plasma simulations, we find that dynamic load balancing is not required; static initial partitions intelligently chosen can work just as well. Parallel efficiency for the particle push is very high (90-100%) and scales with number of processors. Parallel efficiency for the FFT-based field solver is poor in this implementation and directly impacts the effectiveness of the load balancing scheme.
Patient Satisfaction and Surgery: Can It Be Measured?

Recent efforts in improving health care quality have focused on patient satisfaction. The use of patient-reported outcomes is becoming increasingly common and gaining in importance as a measure of quality of care. Patient satisfaction, the best illustration of the patient-reported outcomes, is a complex concept. The advantages of measuring patient satisfaction are clear, and there are ongoing efforts to measure it in a standardized fashion. Several health care organizations have adopted measures to accomplish this goal, both in the United States and abroad. Despite the increasing number of instruments, the concept of patient satisfaction is still poorly understood and therefore frequently incorrectly measured.
Alterations during the repair of injury induced by gastric freezing.

Summary Gastric freezing was performed on dogs and function studies were done prior to the freezing procedure and 2 weeks afterwards, at which time the dogs were sacrificed and their stomachs examined histologically. In another group of dogs the gastric freezing was performed and the dogs were sacrificed 1 month later. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease of volume, but that the total free acidity and pH were not altered 2 weeks after the gastric freezing. The lack of inhibition of gastric acidity may be caused by the injury of parietal cells limited to the focal areas of the gastric mucosa. In focal areas the parietal and chief cells did not regenerate within 2 weeks. Temperature control was best achieved through the use of the Temtrol instrument and there was less damage to the gastric mucosa with the use of this type of apparatus for freezing. Extremely low freezing temperatures and lower weights of the animals were more frequently associated with the presence of ulcers. Application of pitressin inhibited the incidence of various gastric lesions. No lesions were found in dogs sacrificed 1 month after gastric freezing. It is suggested that the gastric freezing procedure should be modified to induce more extensive selective parietal cell damage in order to achieve inhibition of the gastric acidity.
Electrical characteristics of diodes fabricated in selective Si/Si 1- x x Ge x epitaxial layers

Diodes have been fabricated in layers of Si1−x Ge x and silicon deposited selectively on patterned wafers, and the electrical characteristics of the diodes have been examined. For 50 nm thick Si1−x Ge x layers containing about 22% Ge, the forward characteristics of larger diodes are nearly ideal. However, the reverse leakage current is higher when the edges of the diode intersect the oxide defining the selectively deposited layers than when the diode edges are separated from this oxide. The diode characteristics are more ideal when the diode edges are aligned along the [100] directions than when aligned along the [110] directions. Higher-temperature hydrogen pre-treatments before epitaxial deposition can degrade the diode characteristics.
Severe anaphylactic shock due to methylene blue dye

To identify the sentinel lymph node in melanoma patients, intradermal injection of a radiocolloid tracer and a blue dye are commonly used. Life-threatening side effects of isosulfan blue and Patent Blue V have been well described. However, to the extent of our knowledge, only two life-threatening events with intradermal methylene blue dye have been reported, and none has been reported in the pediatric population. We report a case of a 6-year-old white girl with spitzoid melanoma on her right forearm. She had lymphoscintigraphy under general anesthesia and was taken to the operating room intubated. Intradermal methylene blue (0.2 ml) was injected around the lesion, and after 5 min, wide complex bradycardia was noted and progressed to asystole within less than 1 min. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started. Multiple doses of resuscitative drugs were administered, and electrical cardioversion was given twice as well. She recovered completely and transferred to the intensive care unit.
Surface phenomena during the interaction between MgO(s) and various gases at elevated temperatures

Abstract The interaction between MgO(s) and various gases at elevated temperatures causes the appearance of pronounced etch patterns on the surface of the crystal. These patterns are of two distinct types with respect to their orientation relative to the crystallographic axes. In some atmospheres the etch lines are parallel to the edges of the naturally cleaved cubic MgO(s) while in other atmospheres the etch lines form a 45° angle with the edges of the crystal. In all the cases etch patterns consist of multi-atomic layer surface discontinuities that render them clearly visible to the unaided eye. Experimental and theoretical evidence is offered supporting the following postulates: (1) The pronounced surface discontinuities (i.e. multi-layer steps, kinks, pyramids, etc.) caused by etching are fundamentally due to the dependence of protective chemisorption on surface structure. (2) The orientation of the etch patterns is dependent on whether the etching agent attacks one surface ion (M++ or O−) preferentially over the other.
IgG4-Associated Vasculitis

Elevated IgG4 is characteristic of cases of IgG4-RD, a newly recognized systemic disease. However, several chronic inflammatory conditions, including rheumatic diseases, can also be associated with increased levels of IgG4. There have also recently been several reports describing an increased IgG4 immune response to some vasculitis syndromes, in particular Churg–Strauss syndrome and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. To avoid misdiagnosis, clinicians must be aware that the clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD and ANCA-associated vasculitis may overlap. The meaning of these observations is not yet understood, and more studies are needed to determine the true significance of the increased IgG4 response to vasculitis syndromes, especially anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.
Theoretical study of through-space and through-bond electron transfer within positively charged peptides in the gas phase

Abstract As part of an on-going effort to probe mechanisms for disulfide and backbone N–Cα cleavage under electron capture or electron-transfer dissociation mass spectroscopy conditions, theoretical simulations have been carried out to consider the probabilities that a. an electron initially attached to a protonated amine site on a side chain can migrate (through-bond or through-space) to an S–S σ* orbital and thus cause disulfide cleavage; b. an electron initially attached to a protonated site might be transferred (through-bond or through-space) to another protonated site or to a fixed-charge positive site thus allowing the electron to migrate throughout charged sites in a multiply charged peptide. The primary findings of this work include: c. charged-site to S–S σ* orbital through-bond electron transfer can occur at significant probabilities but only over ca. 5 intervening bonds covering up to ca. 15 A; d. through-space electron transfer from protonated sites to protonated sites or from fixed-charge sites to fixed-charge sites can be facile, but between protonated and fixed-charge sites transfer is very slow; to effect the transfers between equivalent sites, the two sites must come within ca. 5 A of one another; e. through-space electron transfer from a protonated or fixed-charge site to an S–S σ* orbital can occur with reasonable probability but if the two sites come within ca. 5 A of one another. Based on these findings, speculation is offered both to interpret recent findings of the McLuckey group on flexible, triply charged peptides and earlier data from the Marshall group on more rigid, helical, doubly charged peptides, both of which contain disulfide linkages that experiments find to be readily cleaved.
ChIP-seq: welcome to the new frontier.

Next-generation sequencing technology combines with chromatin immunoprecipitation to provide a genome-wide look at transcription-factor binding.
Time to reperfusion with direct coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract An analysis was performed of the Mayo Clinic randomized trial of direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to determine the time required to achieve reperfusion with direct coronary angioplasty. Because patients in the Mayo trial assigned to t-PA did not undergo protocol coronary angiography, reperfusion rates from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) I trial in which patients underwent coronary angiography 30, 60 and 90 minutes after thrombolytic therapy were used for comparison. TIMI perfusion grade 2 or 3 flow in the infarct artery was considered to represent reperfusion after thrombolysis. In the 56 patients assigned to t-PA, the mean time from randomization to initiation of the t-PA infusion was 20 minutes. Twenty minutes were therefore added to the previously reported 30-, 60- and 90-minute reperfusion rates to express these in terms of time from randomization (50, 80 and 110 minutes). In the 48 patients who had direct angioplasty, the mean time from randomization to arrival in the cardiac catheterization laboratory was 45 minutes; it took a mean of 6 additional minutes for patients to be prepared and draped and arterial access obtained, and a mean of 27 additional minutes to complete angiography and achieve reperfusion. At 50, 80 and 110 minutes after randomization, the reperfusion rates for direct coronary angioplasty were 12, 54 and 83%, similar to previously reported TIMI reperfusion rates with t-PA (24, 57 and 71%, respectively, p = NS) but significantly greater at 80 and 110 minutes than was reported for streptokinase (8, 23 and 31%, respectively, p = 0.001). If only normalization of coronary blood flow (TIMI perfusion grade 3 flow) was considered to represent reperfusion, reperfusion rates for direct coronary angioplasty would be significantly greater than for either t-PA or streptokinase. Thus, direct coronary angioplasty is rapid, and reperfusion rates compare favorably with those reported for thrombolytic therapy.
Laminar and turbulent shear-induced flocculation of fractal aggregates

system in a stirred tank are compared to the model results. Good agreement is found for both aerage-size eolution and steady-state size distribution using only one fitting para- () meter and assuming binary breakage. The aerage polystyrene-Al OH aggregate size 3 initially increases before reaching a constant steady-statealue during coagulation) fragmentation in a stirred tank. Increasing the applied shear rate increases the coagula- tion and fragmentation rates, decreasing the steady-state aerage aggregate size, and the time lag before steady state. The model deeloped in this work is applied to laminar shear data from the literature, showing excellent agreement.
Physiologic studies in normal and uremic sheep: I. The experimental model.

Physiologic studies in normal and uremic sheep: I. The experimental model. A model of chronic renal failure was created in nine adult sheep by two-stage, subtotal nephrectomy. Carotid-jugular cannulas provided clot-free access for 72 to 274 days without exit-site infections. All sheep became uremic and anemic. Median survival, while uremic, was 145 days (72 to 327 days), although three were sacrificed. Five required dialysis within the first week of uremia, and median survival on dialysis was 70 days (41 to 177 days). Sheep that maintained adequate nutrition survived the longest on dialysis. Mean creatinine and BUN levels in the stable uremic and dialyzed sheep were 4.8/95 and 7.8/59 mg/dl, respectively. The other serum chemistries remained unchanged (mean values) from normal, although one sheep died of hypercalcemia (17.8 mg/dl). Renal blood flow correlated to GFR in both normal and uremic states. GFR fell more than serum creatinine rose, suggesting extrarenal excretion of creatinine. Etudes physiologiques chez le mouton normal et uremique: I. Le modele experimental. Un modele d'insuffisance renale chronique a ete cree chez neuf moutons adultes par nephrectomie subtotale en deux etapes. Des canules carotido-jugulaires ont permis un acces sans coagulation pendant 72 a 274 jours sans qu'il y ait d'infection aux lieux de penetration. Tous les moutons sont devenus uremiques et anemiques. La survie mediane, au cours de l'uremie, a ete de 145 jours (72 a 327 jours) bien que trois d'entre eux aient ete sacrifies. Cinq ont du etre dialyses des la premiere semaine de l'uremie et la survie mediane en dialyse a ete de 70 jours (41 a 177 jours). Les animaux qui ont eu une alimentation adequate ont eu la survie la plus longue en dialyse. Les concentrations moyennes de creatinine et d'azote ureique dans l'uremie stable et chez les moutons dialyses etaient de 4,8/95 et 7,8/59 mg/dl, respectivement. Les autres valeurs plasmatiques moyennes n'etaient pas differentes de la normale bien qu'un mouton soit mort d'hypercalcemie (17,8 mg/dl). Le debit sanguin renal etait correle au debit de filtration glomerulaire dans ces situations normales et uremiques. Le debit de filtration glomerulaire a diminue plus que la creatininemie n'a augmente, ce qui suggere une excretion extra-renale de creatinine.
Fascism of the Skin Symptoms of Alienation in the Body of Consumptive Capitalism

Following upon the expression `socialism of the skin', used by the play-wright Tony Kushner in his essay so named, this article attempts to demonstrate that there is a `Fascism of the skin'. An intensively consumptive capitalist society commodifies everything in its path, including the body, thus subtly shifting the manner in which the mind itself incorporates the body into its calculations. Evidence is taken from popular culture and from the aestheticization and medicalization of the body to support the hypothesis that alienation as a process and a condition finds ever new means of expression as it becomes incarnated through the commodification and carnivalization of the body. Prior studies of `Jerry Springer' and Arnold Schwarzenegger are reanalyzed to throw light on this process. The language of the contemporary military adventure in Iraq also provides interesting insights into the nature of accounts of the body and how bodies are accounted for. In these instances, a `Fascism of the skin' can be recogn...
Framing refugee time: perpetuated regression in Joe Sacco’s Footnotes in Gaza

This article considers Joe Sacco’s second ethnographic comic book on the Palestinian territories, Footnotes in Gaza (2009), and its preoccupation with excavating unofficial and unrecorded histories in the Gaza Strip through archival research and oral testimony. Borrowing from Johannes Fabian’s theories on anthropological time, it argues that Sacco’s particular stylistics recuperate forgotten Palestinian histories by evoking time as simultaneous and continuous, and the refugee memory as perpetually regressive. In presenting survivors’ oral accounts surrounding two events taking place in Gaza in 1956, Sacco’s graphic narrative employs what is here termed “circular visuality”: the visual and narrative device of locating images of the past alongside images of the present such that history appears circular and doomed to repetition. The past and the present are conflated, experienced simultaneously as intersubjective time, and denied a progress narrative. This device is Sacco’s material and visual response to o...
Demineralized bone matrix and fat autograft in a rabbit model of frontal sinus obliteration

Objective In this study, we investigate the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as a material for frontal sinus obliteration in a rabbit model. Study Design and Setting Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups, and the study was carried out to two time periods. Twelve rabbits underwent frontal sinus obliteration with fat autograft, and 12 rabbits underwent the procedure with DBM. At 12 weeks, six control and six study rabbits were killed. The remaining 12 rabbits were killed at 36 weeks. All specimens underwent radiologic evaluation with spiral CT followed by histologic examination for evidence of bony growth. Results Sinuses obliterated with DBM showed replacement of the sinus cavity by trabecular bone. Histology demonstrated significant progressive replacement of DBM by cancellous bone from 12 weeks (53.3%) to 36 weeks (78.8%). There were no complications observed as a result of the materials used. Conclusion and Significance DBM is a prospective material for frontal sinus obliteration. Long-term studies and human trials will further elucidate the role of this material.
The task group — A group approach to problem solving

The author describes the task group method of organizing the technical and administrative skills required for a complex systems design project. He illustrates by describing the application to the determination of the optimum B-70 Defensive Subsystem design.
Miconia galeiformis and Miconia neei (Miconieae: Melastomataceae), two new species from Bolivia

Two new species of Miconia from Bolivia are described: Miconia galeiformis and Miconia neei. Both species occur in Andean montane forests. Miconia galeiformis (sect. Chaenopleura) is distinctive within Miconia due to the presence of setose stems, petioles and abaxial leaf surface, and a large, globose stigma. Miconia neei bears unisexual flowers, and can be distinguished from similar species of Miconia sect. Cremanium in Bolivia based on the furfuraceous stems and young nodes, in addition to serrulate leaf margins. The documentation of dioecy in Miconia neei and the occasional occurrence of unisexual flowers in Miconia galeiformis adds to our burgeoning understanding of complex breeding systems within Miconia.
The nebraska experience

Autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation was initiated at the University of Nebraska Medical Center to provide hematopoietic rescue for patients who were candidates for high-dose therapy but had marrows that were unfit for autografting. From 1984 until 1991, the cells were collected during steady state without mobilization. These cells restored hematopoietic function at a rate similar to that of autologous marrow in patients not treated with total body irradiation. Patients who received total body irradiation experienced slower hematopoietic recovery. When growth factors became generally available in the United States in 1991, mobilization with cytokines became standard at Nebraska. In recent years, the function of cells other than hematopoietic progenitors contained in a peripheral stem cell apheresis product has been studied. Detection of tumor cells using cell culture, immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction techniques has revealed that such collections are less likely to contain, or contain fewer, tumor cells than autologous bone marrow harvests. More antitumor cytotoxic activity was found in cells in peripheral stem cell collections than in marrow cell collections. The immunocompetent lymphocyte population is larger in peripheral stem cell collection than in marrow harvests, and immunologic recovery after peripheral stem cell transplant has differed compared to recovery following bone marrow transplantation. The future of peripheral stem cell transplantation is likely to include engineering of the graft products specific for the patient and disease being treated. Determining the function of accessory cells in a peripheral stem cell collection will be important to provide the best engineered product for the patient.