cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Interdependencies and Constraints in Panic Disorder: Many Triggers, Few Responses

Panic disorder is unique among mental disorders because it is defined by an intermittent, dramatic, time-limited event—the panic attack. The apparent pervasive calm is periodically punctuated by moments of spontaneous terror, wreaking brief, autonomic and psychological havoc upon the individual. The “sting” of panic disorder afflicts almost 5 % of the population, 45 % of which rate the phenomenon as “serious” [1]. Not only does panic disorder lead to impaired sense of well-being and quality of life [2], but it often compromises work productivity and attendance [3]. In fact, 75 % of the economic cost of panic disorder is due to its effect on productivity. A recent estimate of the adjusted per capita cost for panic disorder found that panic disorder cost over $11,000 annually per person, more than other anxiety or mood disorders, alcoholism, or chronic somatization [4].
Cancerphobia: Electomagnetic Fields and Their Impact in Residential Loan Values

This article examines the issue of cancerphobia or public fear that has been used in recent court cases as the basis for damages to residential and loan value. Special attention is given to methodology used by the appraiser to estimate the damages from electromagnetic fields and the residential property adjacent to the lines. All commonly used research tools suffer from measurement bias from the difficulty of statistical specification. Matched pair analysis will remain as the predominate tool of choice as it accurately reflects the public’s opinion of value. The appraiser will need to be more careful to extract an accurate time adjustment to make older comparable sales useable in the current market. All users of comparable sales for property that is stigmatized will need to devote more resources to collection and sharing.
Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase: II. Properties of the catalytically active site☆

Abstract Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase binds four moles of the reduced pyridine-3-aldehyde analog of DPN (Py-3A1DPN) or DPNH per mole of enzyme. No DPN-hydroxylamine complex is formed with yeast ADH. However, one mole of Py-3A1DPN-hydroxylamine complex is formed per mole of enzyme. When acid denaturation of the enzyme is measured, pyridine derivatives inhibit the rate. For inhibition close to four moles of pyridinium ions are required per mole of enzyme, but only one hydrogen ion is required to give an enzyme species susceptible to denaturation. Evidence is presented which indicates that yeast ADH contains unreactive sulfhydryl groupings on the active sites; the nature of this unreactive sulfhydryl group is discussed. Discussion of the possibility that one of the four DPN binding sites of the enzyme at a time is engaged in the conversion of DPN to DPNH, is presented.
Electromagnetic scattering calculations using a finite—element solver for the Maxwell equations

We describe a pair of finite-element codes which use unstructured meshes to solve the time-dependent Maxwell equations, with particular emphasis on their application to electromagnetic scattering problems. A two-step, flux-corrected transport scheme is used to effect the time integration, while the spatial structure of the field is determined by a Galerkin procedure. The basis functions are piecewise-linear on three-noded triangles in two dimensions and four-noded tetrahedra in three. For the periodic scattering problems with which we are presently concerned, adaptive remeshing is a convenient and powerful method for improving the quality of the solutions. Results for the analytically tractable case of scattering by a perfectly conducting circular cylinder are used to illustrate the performance of the codes.
Remarks on the restoration of occultation observations.

If the limb of the Moon can be regarded as a straight edge, then the diffraction pattern of a point source which it produces at the distance of the Earth is the well known Fresnel diffraction pattern. Observations of stellar occultations reveal the variation of intensity with time as the diffraction pattern passes across the detector due to the orbital motion of the Moon and the rotation of the Earth. The linear scale of the diffraction pattern in monochromatic light depends on both the wavelength of observation, λ, and on the distance of the Moon,D, so that the scale is proportional to (λ)1/2.
A paradox of immunodeficiency and inflammation in human aging: lessons learned from apoptosis

Aging is associated with a paradox of immunodeficiency and inflammation (an evidence of hyperactive immune system). Apoptosis is associated with cellular depletion and suppression of inflammatory response. In this brief review, we will present evidence for the role of increased apoptosis in immunodeficiency and paradoxical increased inflammation associated with human aging. In particular, a role of apoptotic cells in failure to generate anti-inflammatory responses and directly activating inflammatory responses will be discussed.
Role of acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-media-induced nephrotoxicity

The role of acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-media-induced nephrotoxicity was retrospectively studied. The medical records of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization between January 2000 and March 2002 were reviewed. The outcomes of patients with serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations above 1.2 mg/dL who were undergoing cardiac catheterization with contrast agents and received prophylactic acetylcysteine with i.v. hydration were compared with those of a control group who did not receive acetylcysteine. SCr concentrations were recorded 24 hours before administration of the contrast agent and 48-72 hours afterward for both groups. Sixty patients were included in the study: 32 in the acetylcysteine group and 28 in the control group. Both groups were comparable in demographics, disease states, drug regimens, and risk factors for developing contrast-agent-induced nephrotoxicity. In the acetylcysteine group, the median SCr concentration before receiving the contrast agent was 1.7 mg/dL and remained the same afterward. The median SCr concentration in the control group before administration of the contrast agent and 48-72 hours afterward was 1.6 and 1.9 mg/dL, respectively. The median change in SCr concentrations was greater in the control group than in the acetylcysteine group (0.25 and 0 mg/dL, respectively) (p = 0.001). The percentage of patients developing acute renal failure was greater in the control group than in the treatment group (25% versus 12.5%, respectively) (p = 0.21). The use of prophylactic oral acetylcysteine, combined with i.v. hydration, significantly reduced SCr levels after the administration of contrast media.
Rarity in Australian desert lizards

Most species of Australian desert lizards are uncommon. Possible causes of rarity are examined, including body size as measured by snout–vent length (SVL), fecundity, number of sites occupied, habitat niche breadth, microhabitat niche breadth, dietary niche breadth, and average total niche overlap with other species. Rare species tend to be larger with lower fecundities than abundant species and they occur at fewer sites. Many, but not all, uncommon species are specialists, either in habitat, microhabitat, or diet. The niche breadth hypothesis, which states that abundant species should be generalists whereas specialized species should be rare, is tested, but rejected as a general explanation for rarity. Some uncommon species exhibit high overlap with other species suggesting that they may experience diffuse competition. However, no single cause of rarity can be identified, but rather each species has its own idiosyncratic reasons for being uncommon. Multivariate analyses show distinct ecological differences between abundant and uncommon species.
Epidemiology of Ciguatera in Florida.

Abstract. Ciguatera is the most commonly reported marine food-borne illness worldwide. Because there is a biological plausibility that ciguatera may be impacted by long-term climate variability and Florida is on the northern border of the geographic distribution of ciguatera, it is important to update our understanding of its epidemiology in Florida. We performed an analysis of 291 reports in Florida from 2000 to 2011 and an e-mail survey of 5,352 recreational fishers to estimate incidence and underreporting and identify high risk demographic groups, fish types, and catch locations. Incidence was 5.6 per 100,000 adjusted for underreporting. Hispanics had the highest incidence rate (relative risk [RR] = 3.4) and were more likely to eat barracuda than non-Hispanics. The most common catch locations for ciguatera-causing fish were the Bahamas and Florida Keys. Cases caused by fish from northern Florida were infrequent. These results indicate that ciguatera incidence is higher than estimated from public health reports alone. There is little evidence that incidence or geographic range has increased because of increased seawater temperatures since earlier studies.
Determinants of Galois automorphisms of maximal commutative rings of 2×2 matrices

The determinants of solutions X to any of the 2×2 matrix equations: (1) XAX>−1=At, t denoting transpose; (2) A=XY, X, Y symmetric; (3) X=AB−BA; and (4) XAX−1=A∗, the matrix of cofactors of A transposed, are characterized over a commutative ring R as the negative of norms from the quadratic extension R[A] whenever certain elements in the Picard group Pic (R[A]) are trivial. This characterization is realized by the utilization of galois cohomology and a generalized Latimer–MacDuffee correspondence between similarity classes and the elements in Pic (R[A]). The results represent a ramification of several articles by O. Taussky on the specializations of equations (1)–(3) to either the field of rational numbers or the ring of rational integers.
Physiological disposition of pyrimethamine-H3

Abstract The physiological dispcsition of tritiated pyrimethamine and some pyrimethamine salts have been investigated in laboratory animals. After oral administration to rabbits, mice and a monkey, a major portion of the drug was not absorbed and 50 to 80% was excreted unchanged in the feces. In the rat, maximal absorption was achieved only when the antimalarial was present in the intestine as the free base.
Evidence for intermediate channelling in the glycolytic pathway of permeabilized L-929 cells.

Abstract L-929 cells permeabilized by dextran sulfate (DSP cells) carry our vigorous and linear rates of glycolysis when supplied with a suitable incubation medium. Unlabeled 3-phosphoglycerate(PGA) added to DSP cells reduces the specific activity of lactate coming from [ 14 C]glucose but the extent of this reduction can not be accounted for on the basis of free diffusion of PGA coming from [ 14 C]glucose. Studies on other glycolytic intermediates, although preliminary, yield similar results. PGA also inhibits the production of lactate from glucose; however, this effect, like that of the reduction of lactate specific activity, becomes apparent only at concentrations of PGA well in excess of those considered to be physiological. We conclude that channelling of PGA, and probably other intermediates, occurs but is of the “leaky” type.
Elevated Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α after Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage are often followed by the development of fever and other influenza-like symptoms. We report the onset of these symptoms in a healthy volunteer following bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage; the symptoms were temporally associated with the dramatic elevation of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor. Our observations suggest that tumor necrosis factor may be involved in mediating fever and other influenza-like symptoms occurring after bronchoscopy.
Finite elements, finite rotations and small strains of flexible shells

Abstract The concept of finite elements for the analysis of shells is developed here with several important advances. Firstly, the Kirchhoff theory of shells is refined to include a transverse shear deformation. The refined theory admits simpler approximating functions while preserving continuity at the inter-sections of elements. Secondly, the motion of the element is decomposed into a rigid body motion followed by a deformation. The decomposition serves to extend existing formulations for linearly elastic elements to problems involving finite rotations and buckling. Thirdly, the Lagrange equations are introduced to derive the equations of the discrete system. The method yields the consistent inertial terms for any manner of motion, oscillatory or transient. Finally, the simplest approximating polynomials are introduced in the context of the shear-deformation theory. Further simplification is achieved by the introduction of constraints analogous to the Kirchhoff hypothesis of the continuum theory. The constraints provide a rational basis for neglecting the contribution of transverse shear in the strain energy. The resulting approximation converges rapidly to the Kirchhoff theory for examples cited.
Thermal Conductivity Reduction in Few-Layer Graphene

Using the linearized Boltzmann transport equation and perturbation theory, we analyze the reduction in the intrinsic thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene sheets accounting for all possible three-phonon scattering events. Even with weak coupling between layers, a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity of the out-of-plane acoustic modes is apparent. The main effect of this weak coupling is to open many new three-phonon scattering channels that are otherwise absent in graphene. The highly restrictive selection rule that leads to a high thermal conductivity of ZA phonons in single-layer graphene is only weakly broken with the addition of multiple layers, and ZA phonons still dominate thermal conductivity. We also find that the decrease in thermal conductivity is mainly caused by decreased contributions of the higher-order overtones of the fundamental out-of-plane acoustic mode. Moreover, the extent of reduction is largest when going from single to bilayer graphene and saturates for four layers. The results compare remarkably well over the entire temperature range with measurements of of graphene and graphite.© 2011 ASME
Understanding essential tremor. Differential diagnosis and options for treatment.

PREVIEWAlthough essential tremor is common, its various presentations may be confused with other movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonic tremor. In this article, Dr Evidente describes classify cation of tremor, the clinical features of essential tremor, and the differential diagnostic considerations. He also discusses the extensive list of medications used to treat the disorder and the surgical options for severe, drug-resistant cases.
Problem solvers are better leaders: facilitating critical thinking among educators through online education

Abstract The schools that new teachers and teacher leaders will be entering into in upcoming years will be diverse racially, culturally, economically, and technologically. New educators and leaders must be prepared to enter this 21st Century workforce with an understanding of these complexities, an ability to think critically and creatively, and be open to teaching and learning in ways and situations they may not previously encountered. Problem-based learning and the use of case studies and eportfolios are showcased as methods in which both online and face to face teacher education programs can best prepare new teachers and teacher leaders in order to promote their critical thinking skills and ability to problem solve. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Lt
Role of Ordered Proteins in the Folding-Upon-Binding of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

In this work, we quantitatively investigate the thermodynamic analogy between the folding of monomeric proteins and the interactions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Motivated by the hypothesis that similar hydrophobic forces guide both globular protein folding and also IDP interactions, we present a unified experimental and computational investigation of the coupling between the folding and binding of the intrinsically disordered tail of FCP1 when interacting with the cooperatively folding winged-helix domain of Rap74. Our calorimetric measurements quantitatively demonstrate the significance of hydrophobic interactions for this binding event. Our computational studies indicate that IDPs relieve frustration at the surface of ordered proteins to generate a minimally frustrated complex that is strikingly similar to a globular monomeric protein. In summary, these results not only quantify the thermodynamic forces driving disordered protein interactions but also highlight the role of ordered prote...
Preferential Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Nine by CD46-Utilizing Adenoviruses

Adenoviruses (Ads) are responsible for respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal illnesses in humans. While the majority of serotypes utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as their primary attachment receptor, subgroup B and subgroup D Ad37 serotypes use CD46. Given the propensity of Ad vectors to activate host immune responses, we sought to investigate their potential for type I interferon induction. We found that CD46 Ads were capable of alpha interferon (IFN-α) induction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were the principal producers of this cytokine. IFN-α induction correlated with the permissivity of pDCs to CD46- but not CAR-utilizing Ad serotypes. A role for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of Ad was supported by the requirement for viral DNA and efficient endosomal acidification and by the ability of a TLR9-inhibitory oligonucleotide to attenuate IFN-α induction. Cell lines expressing TLR9 that are permissive to infection by both CAR- and CD46-utilizing serotypes showed a preferential induction of TLR9-mediated events by CD46-utilizing Ads. Specifically, the latter virus types induced higher levels of cytokine expression and NF-κB activation in HeLa cells than CAR-dependent Ad types, despite equivalent infection rates. Therefore, infectivity alone is not sufficient for TLR9 activation, but this activation instead is regulated by a specific receptor entry pathway. These data reveal a novel mode of host immune recognition of Ad with implications for Ad pathogenesis and for the use of unconventional Ad vectors for gene delivery and vaccine development.
The High-Voltage D-C Test Program of the onneville Power Administration

On December 15, 1961, a Task Force of the United States Department of the Interior completed an extensive study, which resulted in a recommendation for at least one, and ultimately perhaps two or three EHV (extra-high-voltage) circuits to intertie the systems of the Pacific Northwest and the Pacific Southwest. The assumptions will operate successfully. Task Force report found 750-kv direct current (±4375 kv) to be the most economical for these lines. See Fig. 1.1,2
Radiative and collisional effects in a cylindrically confined plasma—I. Optically thin considerations

Abstract A rigorous model has been formulated to determine the effect of collisional and radiative processes on electronic state populations in a cylindrically confined plasma. The model has been solved for an atmospheric argon arc plasma assuming optically thin conditions for all but the resonance line radiation, which is allowed to be optically thick. From parametric calculations and comparisons with experiment, the relative effects of the various processes on excitation conditions have been delineated and the nature and degree of excitation non-equilibrium have been determined.
Stimulation of endogenous proteolysis in macrophages exposed to sporulating bacteria.

Abstract The relationship between degradation of endogenous macrophage protein and exposure to bacteria at various stages of sporulation was studied. Rabbit pulmonary macrophages were obtained by lavage, attached to plastic tissue culture dishes, and prelabeled with [14C]- or [3H]-phenylalanine for 1 or 20 h, respectively. Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 14580) was grown in Bacto Marine Broth until at least 50% of the bacilli contained refractile spores (19 h), washed and lyophilized. The lyophilized bacilli were washed, counted and applied for 1.5 h to the washed prelabeled macrophages at a ratio of 300 bacteria/macrophage. Rates of degradation of both rapidly and slowly turning over proteins were increased. The effect was not mediated by soluble components of the incubation medium. Free spores, vegetative cells and autoclaved sporulating bacilli did not affect rates of proteolysis. We propose that proteases from the lyophilized sporulating bacilli participate in endogenous macrophage protein degradation following engulfment.
Beyond risk: an ecological paradigm to prevent global chemical pollution.

AbstractSince World War II, synthetic chemical pollutants have accumulated in the environment and food webs on a global basis, have damaged wildlife populations, and may pose large-scale hazards to human health. Despite the global nature of this problem, the vast majority of environmental regulations focus on preventing local risks using risk assessment of individual compounds, discharge permits, and control and disposal technologies. The current approach has failed to prevent global contamination and environmental damage because it underestimates the scale, complexity, and diversity of the hazards of chemical pollution. Fundamental shifts in the mode of chemical assessment and policy are required; a new framework should focus on chemical classes rather than individual substances, convert industrial processes to prevent the production and use of persistent and/or bio accumulative substances, and shift the default state of pollution policy in the face of uncertainty from permission to restriction.
Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chlorodibromomethane in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice

Chlorodibromomethane, a trihalomethane found in water supplies after chlorination, was administered by gavage in corn oil to male and female Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice in toxicity studies of 13 weeks and 2 years duration. Doses used in the 13-week study were 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, and 250 mg/kg in rats and mice. At 250 mg/kg, hepatic and renal toxicity was produced in male and female rats and male mice, and mortality was increased in male and female rats. In the chronic study, male and female rats were administered the chemical at 0, 40, and 80 mg/kg. No adverse effects on survival in treated rats were observed. Male rats receiving 80 mg/kg had reduced body weight gains relative to controls. Fatty change and cytoplasmic changes were seen in the liver of treated male and female rats. The male and female mice in the chronic study received doses of 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg of chemical. A dosing accident rendered the number of low-dose male mice inadequate for statistical analysis. High-dose male mice had reduced survival relative to controls. Survival was similar in dosed and control female mice. Dosed male and high-dose female mice had reduced body weight relative to controls. Non-neoplastic hepatic lesions were seen in treated male mice (necrosis and hepatocytomegaly) and in treated female mice (calcification and fatty change); nephrosis was seen in treated male mice. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (combined) was increased in treated female mice, but only marginally so in treated male mice. Chlorodibromomethane, like chloroform, is toxic to liver and kidneys, and like chloroform induces hepatocellular tumors in mice.
Simplified RNA secondary structure mapping by automation of SHAPE data analysis

SHAPE (Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension) technology has emerged as one of the leading methods of determining RNA secondary structure at the nucleotide level. A significant bottleneck in using SHAPE is the complex and time-consuming data processing that is required. We present here a modified data collection method and a series of algorithms, embodied in a program entitled Fast Analysis of SHAPE traces (FAST), which significantly reduces processing time. We have used this method to resolve the secondary structure of the first ∼900 nt of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, including the entire core gene. We have also demonstrated the ability of SHAPE/FAST to detect the binding of a small molecule inhibitor to the HCV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In conclusion, FAST allows for high-throughput data processing to match the current high-throughput generation of data possible with SHAPE, reducing the barrier to determining the structure of RNAs of interest.
Correlation study on moisture soak equivalent between MSL1 (85/85% soaking 168 hours) and Autoclave test in term of weight gain and delamination

Delamination is very critical for Power Mosfet devices especially Die Attach (DA) delamination. This is due to drain is always connected to Die Attach Paddle (DAP) area using interconnect (soft solder or epoxy type). When there is DA delamination occuring, resistance between Drain and Source will increase causing slow switching time on Power Mosfet devices. Since delamination is very crucial for Power Mosfet, a lot of design of engineerings (DOEs) are performed using on Moisture Sensitivity Level 1 (MSL 1) to screen the delamination. However MSL 1 always takes considerable long duration (168hrs) to complete the study. Time to market release of the products will be further delayed when repeat DOE is needed. This paper will discuss correlation study between Autoclave test (ACLV) and MSL 1 in term of delamination and weight gain (moisture absorption) of mold compound been done. Three mold compounds have been selected to perform weight gain study and delamination check to correlate MSL 1 versus ACLV test. Results on correlation between MSL 1 (85/85% soaking 168 hours) versus ACLV found DOE study can be used in evaluation stage to reduce DOE duration as it is comparable.
Staining of oral epithelium with the zinc iodide-osmium reaction

Some of the parameters affecting the staining of keratinized oral epithelium with the zinc iodide-osmium reaction were examined using light and electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Factors examined were block size, incubation temperature and the effect of aldehyde prefixation. Large blocks (4 mm cube) were subdivided after incubation and the staining of the centre and edge compared. Generally the reaction was more variable at the edge than in the centre. Small blocks (1 mm cube) showed a more intense reaction when incubated at 24°C than at 4°C. In all these preparations, final reaction product was seen over Golgi systems, lysosome-like bodies, membrane-coating granules and, in the more intensely stained regions, over endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes as well. In prefixed material, mitochondria were frequently stained in addition to the other organelles. Energy dispersive analysis showed the reaction product to be similar in all preparations and to contain high levels of zinc and osmium but not iodine.
Fertility of Char (Salmo Alpinus L.) in the Foxälven Water System, Sweden and Supplement to the Fertility of Char (Salmo Alpinus L.) in Foxälven Water System, Sweden

Abstract By A. Maar. Institute for Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden Report 29:57–70. 1949. Report 30: 127–136. 1950. Also included: Natural Selection and Egg Number in Fish by G. Svardson. Institute for Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden Report 29: 115–122. 1949.
A review of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy with thalidomide in multiple myeloma

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels and occurs physiologically during embryonal growth, wound healing and during the menstrual cycle. It is essential for the proliferation and metastases of most malignant neoplasms. Recent evidence suggests that angiogenesis is increased in multiple myeloma and has prognostic value in the disease. Angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor are expressed by myeloma cells and appear to play a role in the increased angiogenesis seen in myeloma. In addition, VEGF may serve as a paracrine growth factor for myeloma cells. Based on the increased angiogenesis observed in myeloma, thalidomide has been studied as antiangiogenic therapy. Although its mechanism of action in myeloma is still unclear, thalidomide appears to be active in 25-30% of patients with refractory myeloma. Major toxicities include constipation, sedation, skin rash, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy. Studies are ongoing to determine its role as initial treatment for myeloma. This paper reviews the available data on angiogenesis in myeloma, and summarizes the role of thalidomide therapy in this disease. The pharmacology and toxicity of thalidomide are also discussed.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems: Market Trends In The United States

The world today uses more energy than ever before. As a global society we must find more renewable and efficient sources to obtain our energy. One of these sources might come in the form of something that we interact with everyday, the sun. Photovoltaic solar cells are a growing market in the renewable energy sector. Basic PV cell materials are discussed and the PV market in the United States is analyzed; are PV solar energy systems the answer to our current and future energy needs?
Body Condition in Male Betta splendens Does Not Predict Their Ability to Perform Opercular Displays Under Hypoxic Conditions

Many fish, including the fighting fish Betta splendens, perform a display in which the opercula are extended away from the head and gills. Previous work has shown that opercular display rates by male B. splendens decrease under conditions of reduced dissolved oxygen (hypoxia). We tested the hypothesis that the ability to maintain opercular display rates under hypoxic conditions is related to body condition in male B. splendens. We also tested the hypothesis that females would show a greater preference for males performing this display under hypoxic conditions, when the display should be a more reliable indicator of male phenotypic quality. We found no evidence to support either hypothesis. Male opercular display rate in hypoxic conditions was unrelated to natural or experimentally induced variation in body condition. Female B. splendens showed no differential preference for the opercular display, assessed through the use of computer animated male stimuli, in either acute or chronic hypoxia. We conclude that the presence of an air-breathing organ in this species makes the opercular display an unreliable signal of male quality as measured by body condition.
Operant control of vocal responding in rats

Using free operant as well as discriminated avoidance schedules rats were trained to vocalize in order to avoid tail shocks. Vocalization could be brought under the operant control in most of the rats.
Understanding and Counseling the Chronic Drug User.

Effectively understanding and counseling the chronic drug user and others who are dependent upon agents and substances outside themselves to bring about affects of well being and more positive emotional states in their lives requires that the counselor understand how emotions and sensations occur, and what their relationship is to internal and external thinking. The authors present a paradigm of external and internal thinking as these apply as causes for positive and negative emotional shifts. The concepts of internally and externally oriented thinking and behaving are discussed, and these are related to counseling the dependent drug user. Finally, strategies for dealing with the dependent drug user, always an externally oriented person, are presented.
Myocardial Toxic Effects During Recombinant Interleukin-2 Therapy

Arterial and pulmonary artery catheters were used to monitor the cardiopulmonary effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) given iv at a dose of 100,000 U/kg every 8 hours on days 1-5 to 10 patients with metastatic solid tumors. As anticipated, a severe capillary leak syndrome developed in all patients. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurred unexpectedly in three patients, as evidenced by a focal injury pattern on ECG and elevations of creatinine phosphokinase myocardial band fractions. All patients receiving rIL-2 exhibited major reductions in their left ventricular stroke work index (47 +/- 11 g.m/m2 to 29 +/- g.m/m2), an index of cardiac contractility. It remains uncertain whether the MIs were a byproduct of the capillary leak syndrome in patients with underlying coronary artery disease or whether rIL-2 directly or indirectly damages cardiac muscle.
Carbon in the presence of high oxygen levels in polysilicon: the effect on poly-to-poly dielectric breakdown

In previous works, carbon and oxygen phase behaviour in single crystal silicon has been studied extensively (Borghesi et al 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 77 4169?244, Newman 2000 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12 R335?65, Shimura 1986 J. Appl. Phys. 59 3251?4, Shimura et al 1985 Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 794?6). However, the combination of carbon and oxygen in polycrystalline silicon has received much less attention (Pivac and Borghesi 1991 J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 10 1013?5, Pivac et al 2000 Fizika 9 37?46). In this work, a poly-to-poly capacitor is investigated, with a combined oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) and oxide dielectric. Moderate carbon levels in the first poly layer in the presence of oxygen are shown to correlate with low poly-to-poly breakdown voltage of the interpoly dielectric (BVPP). BVPP failure is shown to be dependent on the temperature history of the process. The mechanism for the BVPP failure is postulated to be carbon-facilitated oxygen precipitates in the floating polysilicon layer which subsequently form defects in the oxide portion of the dielectric. These defects appear to increase the local current density which reduces the BVPP.
Intumescent Reaction Mechanisms

An extensive experimental program has been conducted on intumescent systems where the components have been varied systematically. Small plates were coated with the various formulations, exposed to a heat source typical of aviation fuel fires, and the temperature-time history of the substrate recorded. Concurrently, a simplified mathematical model was developed for an intumes cing system which has given insight to the fundamental mechanisms of in tumescence. The model and the results of the experimental program demonstrate certain desirable features of intumescent systems.
Identification of the Radio Sources in Cassiopeia, Cygnus A, and Puppis A

The radio sources in Cassiopeia and Puppis A are identified with a new type of galactic emission nebulosity. The outstanding features of these nebulosities are very large internal random velocities. The radio source Cygnus A is an extragalactic object, two galaxies in actual collision.
Electrophoretic characterization of equine oviductal fluid

To characterize further the events involved in fertilization and early embryonic development in the mare, effect of the estrous cycle on oviductal fluid proteins was investigated. Five mares had indwelling cannulas placed in their oviducts so that fluid could be collected throughout the estrous cycle. Daily fluid volumes were recorded and mares were monitored for signs of standing estrus. Oviductal fluid samples were pooled across mares according to stage of cycle (either estrus or nonestrus) for further analysis. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to determine proteins present in estrus-associated and nonestrus-associated equine oviductal fluid as compared to blood serum from the same mares. Oviductal fluid volumes increased significantly during estrus to an average of 3.94 ml/24 hr from 1.44 ml/24 hr during nonestrus. Total oviductal protein increased significantly from 24.6 mg/24 hr during nonestrus to 53.9 mg/24 hr during estrus. One-dimensional PAGE demonstrated that the proteins in equine oviductal fluid were present throughout the cycle and also common to equine serum. Reducing conditions revealed one band at 106 kDa detected only in nonestrus-associated oviductal fluid, while nonreducing conditions revealed bands at 48 and 25 kDa that were present in oviductal fluid in general. Two-dimensional PAGE demonstrated three 50 kDa proteins that were detected only in estrus-associated oviductal fluid and several 24 kDa proteins detected only in nonestrus-associated oviductal fluid. Those proteins found only in estrus-associated oviductal fluid may be vital to the fertilization process, while those found only in nonestrus-associated oviductal fluid may be vital to early embryonic development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In vivo, dual-modality imaging of mouse eyes: optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy within a single instrument

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) provides superb optical absorption contrast for red blood cells (RBCs), which makes it ideal for in vivo microvasculature imaging. In comparison, optical coherence tomography (OCT), widely used for tissue microstructure imaging, provides high optical scattering contrast. The two contrast mechanisms are highly complementary. In this work, we combined OR-PAM and OCT into a single, dual-modality imaging instrument for in vivo mouse eye imaging. We demonstrated in vivo dual-modality imaging of the anterior segment of mouse eyes with laser pulse energy within the ANSI laser safety standard.
Architecture and Production Characteristics of Strand-Plain Reservoir Facies, Matagorda County, Texas: ABSTRACT

The North Markham-North Bay City field, Matagorda County, Texas, is one of the major multiple-reservoir oil fields of the central Texas Coastal Plain that produce from stacked Frio barrier/strand-plain sandstones. The three principal oil reservoirs in the field are interpreted to be transgressed strand-plain (Carlson), progradational strand-plain (Cornelius), and composite progradational strand-plain/wave-dominated delta (Cayce) systems. Production characteristics of strand-plain facies are modeled using these reservoirs as examples. Reservoir continuity is greatest in transgressed and progradational strand-plain sandstones where crosscutting channel facies are of minor importance. Hydrocarbon distribution is laterally continuous in both reservoir types. Broad edgewater incursion indicates an absence of internal facies barriers. Progradation of the Cornelius strand plain resulted in a composite reservoir in which the older sands and contained hydrocarbons pinch out against the overlying offlapping sequence. In contrast, reservoir continuity in the Cayce is poor. Crosscutting fluvial sands produce oil at lower rates, act as conduits for early water influx, and provide facies boundaries against which hydrocarbons in adjacent progradational facies are pooled. Facies changes and pinchouts in heterogeneous reservoirs such as the Cayce are in part responsible for limiting ultimate recovery from major clastic reservoirs along the Texas Gulf Coast to approximately 50% of the original oil in place. End_of_Article - Last_Page 536------------
What Do Employers Want: Functions, Knowledge Areas, and Characteristics Desired of Professional Psychologists:

To determine what they prefer when they select a psychologist, we surveyed a sample of 105 administrators in the Philadelphia area. Most respondents held doctorates in clinical, counseling, or scho...
A physician questionnaire study of the net cost of computerized tomographic scanning.

Abstract This report studies the impact of computerized tomographic (CT) Scanning on net costs to the health care system. This objective is accomplished by questioning physicians, on a case-by-case basis, on the number and type of diagnostic tests and hospital care which would have been provided in lieu of CT. These findings indicate that CT Scanning, while expensive on a per use basis, results in significant cost savings on a per case basis because it eliminates the need for multiple alternative tests and hospital stays.
Applying Analysis of International Space Station Crew-Time Utilization to Mission Design

Science activity on the International Space Station (ISS) has been anecdotally reported to be less than expected, presumably because of excessive time being taken up by habitat maintenance needs. In this analysis, it was determined that each crew member spent an average of 1.9 (or more) h per work day and 1.8 h per rest day performing ISS maintenance tasks. Because of confounding factors associated with insufficient supplies and reduced transport opportunities, the relationship between mission design and actual operations is not necessarily simple or direct, as increased maintenance demands or a lack of up- and downmass for science projects may have both contributed to the crew-time impact. Regardless of the causal mechanisms, however, actual crew time spent on scheduled and unscheduled habitat maintenance on Skylab and ISS exceeded that estimated by design, thus reducing crew time allotted to perform other tasks, although not necessarily science tasks. These impacts would have likely been further exacerbated for ISS if the planned external maintenance tasks had not been reduced during the early design phase. The approach used for assessing external maintenance could be applied for other tasks, such as internal maintenance and science, to establish the amount of time required for mission goals and uncertainty factors. By rigorously addressing parameters such as these early in the design process, crews on future missions to the moon and Mars are less likely to become oversubscribed during actual mission operations.
Suppression of the hypersensitive reaction in potato tubers by mycelial components from Phytophthora infestans

Abstract A water-soluble fraction from mycelia of compatible race 1234 of Phytophthora infestans suppressed browning and terpenoid accumulation in potato discs inoculated with an incompatible race of the fungus or treated with elicitors of terpenoid accumulation. A fraction from mycelia of incompatible race 4 was less active. The loss of electrolytes induced by an elicitor of terpenoid accumulation was markedly suppressed by the fraction isolated from the compatible race. The fraction isolated from the incompatible race was less active.
Noncardiac uptake of technetium-99m sestamibi: An updated gamut

A 30-YEAR-OLD Spanish-speaking woman presented with an eight-hour history of substernal chest pain that radiated to the back and down both arms. A previous episode was associated with exertion. An electrocardiogram was performed, which showed ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion in the precordial leads. The chest radiograph, cardiac enzymes, and echocardiogram were normal. An exercise stress study was ordered to evaluate for myocardial ischemia. The patient was exercised using the Bruce protocol 77 for 6 minutes, attaining a maximum heart rate of 151 bpm, 79% of the maximal predicted heart rate (MPHR). The study was terminated because of patient fatigue. An additional 1.5 mm STsegment depression was noted in the inferior leads, leading to a nondiagnostic exercise tolerance test. Two weeks later, a Persantine (DuPont, Manati, PR) Cardiolite (DuPont, Billerica, MA) stress test with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed to evaluate myocardial perfusion. The patient was infused with 36 mg of intravenous dipyridamole over 4 minutes, followed by an injection of 26.1 mCi of technetium-99m-sestamibi. The anterior planar image showed abnormally increased uptake of MIBI in the left breast (Fig 1). A left lateral projection was performed that also localizes the intense tracer activity to the left breast (Fig 2). The SPECT images showed normal myocardial perfusion. With an interpreter, we obtained additional clinical history--that the patient was breast feeding her baby from the left breast only. The baby had difficulty feeding from the right breast and had fed exclusively from the left breast for the past few months. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MIBI uptake in a lactating breast. The following is an updated version of our previous gamut listing the entities that have shown uptake of MIBI. HEAD
Catalysis by Entropic Effects: The Action of Cytidine Deaminase on 5,6-Dihydrocytidine†

In neutral solution, 5,6-dihydrocytidine undergoes spontaneous deamination (k25 ∼ 3.2 × 10-5 s-1) much more rapidly than does cytidine (k25 ∼ 3.0 × 10-10 s-1), with a more favorable enthalpy of activation (ΔΔH⧧ = −8.7 kcal/mol) compensated by a less favorable entropy of activation (TΔΔS⧧ = −1.8 kcal/mol at 25 °C). E. coli cytidine deaminase enhances the rate of deamination of 5,6-dihydrocytidine (kcat/knon = 4.4 × 105) by enhancing the entropy of activation (ΔΔH⧧ = 0 kcal/mol; TΔΔS⧧ = +7.6 kcal/mol, at 25 °C). Binding of the competitive inhibitor 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine (THU), a stable analogue of 5,6-dihydrocytidine in the transition state for its deamination, is accompanied by a release of enthalpy (ΔH = −7.1 kcal/mol, TΔΔS = +2.2 kcal/mol) that approaches the estimated enthalpy of binding of the actual substrate in the transition state for deamination of 5,6-dihydrocytidine (ΔH = −8.1 kcal/mol, TΔΔS = +6.0 kcal/mol). Thus, the shortcomings of THU in capturing all of the binding affinity expected of a...
LatchPlanner: latch placement algorithm for datapath-oriented high-performance VLSI designs

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for latch placement, LatchPlanner which enables a placement engine to deliver high quality placement for datapath-oriented design. Datapath-oriented VLSI designs are in general hand-crafted by human at high cost, as understanding and capturing datapath structure is critical for the performance. The conventional placement algorithms by itself cannot exploit the underlying datapath due to lack of logic structure recognition and inaccurate/approximated wirelength estimation. LatchPlanner addresses such drawbacks by placing and fixing latches in the datapath context, a key element in datapath structure. By taking placed/fixed latches as constraints, a placer can find a more datapath-friendly placement effectively, which results in higher-quality hardware. LatchPlanner begins latch clustering/sizing/ordering to prepare the following steps, a) global latch placement based on linear programming to place latch clusters, and b) local latch placement based on network flow optimization to place latches within each cluster. Experimental results on eighteen industrial benchmarks show that LatchPlanner improves total wirelength by 32%, total negative slack by 25%, and area by 3% without CPU overhead over a commercial placement engine, and delivers near semi-custom-quality solutions.
Substituted 2-pyrrolinone inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase.

Abstract The β-diketoacid class of HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors represent the first potent class of compounds specific for the strand transfer catalytic activity of the viral enzyme. Previously, utilizing a β-diketoacid pharmacophore as a search query, we identified a substituted 2-pyrrolinone with modest IN inhibitory activity from a database of small-molecules [Dayam, R.; Sanchez, T.; Neamati, N. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 8009]. In efforts to optimize this class of IN inhibitors, we carried out a structure–activity relationship analysis around the 2-pyrrolinone core. Here, we present a new class of 2-pyrrolinone IN inhibitors.
A familial pattern in inflammatory disease of the bowel (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).

Previous discussions of the familial incidence of inflammatory disease of the bowel have emphasized its occurrence in people of Jewish descent.