cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of perfusate rheology on the diastolic coronary pressure-flow relationship

The hypothesis that rheological properties of the coronary perfusate account for the curvilinearity and high zero-flow pressure (Pf = 0) of the diastolic coronary-pressure flow relationship (DCPFR) was tested by measuring these relationships using coronary perfusates of varying rheological character. In 16 open-chest, heart-blocked dogs the left circumflex coronary artery was cannulated and perfused using an extra-corporeal circuit, and autoregulation was abolished with intracoronary adenosine. DCPFRs were constructed from data obtained at multiple steady-state levels of coronary pressure during long diastoles while left ventricular diastolic pressure was held constant. Although isovolumic hemodilution reduced hematocrit from 46 +/- 3% to 32 +/- 3% and increased coronary conductance, it neither abolished the curvilinearity nor changed Pf = 0, which remained significantly higher than left ventricular diastolic pressure. In 10 additional animals, DCPFRs obtained during blood perfusion were compared with those obtained using crystalloid perfusate. Crystalloid perfusion increased coronary conductance and failed to abolish curvilinearity. However, with crystalloid perfusate, Pf = 0 was reduced to a value essentially equal to left ventricular diastolic pressure. We conclude that while the rheological properties of coronary perfusates do not fully account for the curvilinearity of the DCPFR, they do importantly influence coronary conductance and Pf = 0.
Long-Term Impact of Network Access to Bike Facilities and Public Transit Stations on Housing Sales Prices in Portland, Oregon

Abstract Planners and economists generally accept that housing market values increase with proximity to transportation facilities through the provision of improved access to activity locations. While the market benefits of rail station access are well-documented, inconsistent and insufficient methods have led to limited agreement on the true value associated with this locational amenity. Far fewer hedonic price studies have assessed the influence of bike facility access on housing sales prices, and those that have generally analyze cross-sectional data. In this study, we estimated a spatial hedonic model using a bootstrapped pseudo panel to determine the joint impact of network proximity to bike lanes and off-street multi-use paths, as well as light rail and streetcar stations, on housing sales in Portland, Oregon, from 2002 to 2013. Our findings revealed housing sales prices increased as network distance to the nearest light rail transit and streetcar station decreased. Likewise, owner-occupied single-family and multifamily housing sales rose in conjunction with reduced street network access to regional multi-use bike paths; however, improved proximity to on-street bike lanes negatively affected housing values. In sum, we believe these findings may help to inform non-automotive transportation infrastructure financing mechanisms that rely on rising property values.
Charge management for large transient loads in a multi-evaporator vapor compression system with recuperator

Two-phase cooling of electronics using vapor compression systems (VCS) is a promising approach for high heat flux removal. A challenge for multi-evaporator VCS is charge management during highly transient or peak/off-peak loads. We present a VCS architecture for direct cooling of multiple, high transient heat loads. This system utilizes a secondary-evaporator (recuperator) with an electronic bypass valve and a suction-line accumulator to enable evaporator overfeed and active charge management. An existing lumped-parameter, low-order nonlinear model is augmented to include the recuperator and bypass control valve. The cycle performance and efficiency is improved with the inclusion of the recuperator, but is susceptible to instability. A proportional-integral (PI) bypass valve control is tuned for evaporator pressure tracking, stabilizing the cycle. The improved circulating charge-management capability of the VCS with recuperator is demonstrated with multi-evaporator experiments, and the improvement in coefficient of performance (COP) over the accumulator-heated cycle is calculated.
Making the “Stars” of Navajo “Planetaria”

ABSTRACTNavajo pictograph panels of crosses on cave ceilings in Arizona and New Mexico are believed to represent stars. It has been thought that the “stars” in these “planetaria” (1) were brash-or wooden-stamp painted, (2) were reached by ladder, scaffold, or poles, (3) are eighteenth century, and (4) were made for ritual purposes. Field examination and informant testimony reveal that (1) many or most crosses were applied with stamps made from yucca leaves or other materials, (2) the bow and arrow was one way of gaining access to high ceilings, (3) some crosses were made as late as 1920, and (4) in some cases, mere amusement was the sole motive for application.
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy for Thyroid Disease

The thyroid gland is anatomically located in the neck, just below the laryngeal prominence, or what’s more commonly referred to as the “Adam’s apple.” The thyroid is a bilobed, butterfly-shaped organ that is connected by an isthmus that wraps around the larynx. The cells of the thyroid gland are arranged in round follicles, surrounding a central core of colloid material and are themselves surrounded by perifollicular c-cells which secrete calcitonin.
Biophysical Methods of Detection and Quantification of Uptake, Translocation, and Accumulation of Nanoparticles

Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) are more frequently found in consumer products as well as in industrial and agricultural applications. The high volume of production, use, and disposal of MNM-containing wastes increase the probability of release of these products to the environment. An ever-increasing number of articles have shown that MNMs impact plants and other organisms in different ways. In this chapter, we discuss the biophysical methods currently used to measure the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and speciation of MNMs within plants. We included methods used to analyze plants exposed to carbon-based and metal-based MNMs. Advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique are discussed.
Enumeration and Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry and Red Meats

This paper compares alternative methods for enumerating Campylobacter jejuni in meat products, the optimal levels of blood supplementation for enrichment recovery of the organism from chicken and ground beef, and means to reduce or eliminate Campylobacters from chicken through organic acid washes or freeze/thaw treatments. Direct plating onto Campy-BAP medium resulted in equivalent or greater recovery of C. jejuni, compared with MPN procedures using two media described in the literature. Subsequent studies employed direct plating, as it was also faster and simpler than the MPN procedures. Enumeration of enrichment cultures from a blood-containing selective enrichment broth indicated that optimal levels of blood supplementation for the recovery of Campylobacters was dependent on the food investigated. Not only did 0% blood supplementation enhance recovery of the organism from inoculated ground beef, but 7% supplementation actually decreased the numbers recovered from this product. The requirement for blood...
Microfabricated Testbench for High Throughput Measurement of Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of Low-Dimensional Materials

We have developed a microfabricated testbench to measure the electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of low-dimensional materials. In this unique design, a number of platform tips (test benches) are gathered in the central area of the chip for increased probability of positioning a bottom-up synthesized single nanomaterial structure across two platform tips when such materials are drop cast from a solution. Each platform has an embedded heater to heat the platform tip and a thermocouple to accurately measure its temperature. Electrically isolated from the thermocouple and heater structure, a top layer platinum on each platform is used to electrically connect to the low-dimensional material. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and ZT of GaAs/MnAs core/shell nanowires were successfully measured using testbench in the temperature range of 25 to 300 K. [2016-0155]
Bisphenol A Induces Sox2 in ER+ Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound used in food and beverage plastic containers and has been shown to increase breast cancer cellular proliferation. However, the concentrations of BPA used in these experiments are far higher than the physiological levels of BPA detected in the human body. We observed in vitro that exposure of MCF-7 cells to physiological concentrations of BPA failed to increase cell proliferation or to induce canonical estrogen-responsive genes (pS2 and progesterone receptor (PR)), in contrast to 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment. However, MCF-7 cells treated with 10 nM BPA induced ALDH1 expression, a marker of human mammary stem cells. When treated with 10 nM BPA, mammospheres derived either from MCF-7 cells, a patient-derived xenograft, or the normal mouse mammary gland exhibited increased size; however, these effects were not observed in MDA-MB-231 mammospheres. Mechanistically, BPA induced SOX2 mRNA and protein in MCF-7 mammospheres, resulting from enhanced CREB phosphorylation, and subsequent binding of pCREB to a SOX2 downstream enhancer. These findings suggest that physiological levels of BPA increase estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer tumor maintenance through enhanced cancer stem-like cell activity via direct regulation of SOX2 transcription.
RESPIRE: a spectral kurtosis-based method to extract respiration rate from wearable PPG signals

In this paper, we present the design of a wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) system, R-band for acquiring the PPG signals. PPG signals are influenced by the respiration or breathing process and hence can be used for estimation of respiration rate. R-Band detects the PPG signal that is routed to a Bluetooth low energy device such as a nearby-placed smartphone via microprocessor. Further, we developed an algorithm based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) regression for the estimation of respiration rate. We proposed spectral kurtosis features that are fused with the state-of-the-art respiratory-induced amplitude, intensity and frequency variations-based features for the estimation of respiration rate (in units of breaths per minute). In contrast to the neural network (NN), ELM does not require tuning of hidden layer parameter and thus drastically reduces the computational cost as compared to NN trained by the standard backpropagation algorithm. We evaluated the proposed algorithm on Capnobase data available in the public domain.
Inhibition by divalent metal ions of human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein1 (hHint1), a regulator of opioid analgesia and neuropathic pain

Human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1) is a purine nucleoside phosphoramidase and adenylate hydrolase that has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the management of pain. However, the molecular mechanism of Hint1 in the signaling pathway has remained less clear. The role of metal ions in regulating postsynaptic transmission is well known, and the active site of hHint1 contains multiple histidines. Here we have investigated the effect of divalent metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) on the structural integrity and catalytic activity of hHint1. With the exception of Mg2+, all the divalent ions inhibited hHint1, the rank of order was found to be Cu2+ >Zn2+ >Cd2+ ≥Ni2+ >Mn2+ based on their IC50 and kin/KI values. A crystal structure of hHint1 with bound Cu2+ is described to explain the competitive reversible inactivation of hHint1 by divalent cations. All the metal ions exhibited time- and concentration- dependent inhibition, with the rate of inactivation highly dependent on alterations of the C-terminus. With the exception of Cu2+; restoration of inhibition was observed for all the metal ions after treatment with EDTA. Our studies reveal a loss in secondary structure and aggregation of hHint1 upon incubation with 10-fold excess of copper. Thus, hHint1 appears to be structurally sensitive to irreversible inactivation by copper, which may be of neurotoxicological and pharmacological significance.
In situ stress measurements during MOCVD growth of thick N-polar InGaN

The growth of N-polar InGaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on N-polar GaN was investigated in order to understand the evolution of growth stress and the dislocation microstructure of relatively thick InGaN films (140 nm) in the absence of hexagonal hillocks and V-pits, which are typically present in III-polar InGaN. During in situ stress measurements of N-polar InGaN, growth initiates under an initial low stress state, which gradually transitions to a constant compressive incremental stress for the remainder of the film thickness. This behavior in the growth stress evolution in N-polar InGaN occurs regardless of the stress state of the GaN base layer (i.e., compression or tension), which was controlled by varying the temperature of the initial low temperature layer in a two-step temperature growth process for N-polar GaN. A blue shift in the PL peak emission of N-polar InGaN was, however, observed with increasing incremental compressive stress in the N-polar GaN base layer. These ...
Steinmann Pins for C1 Lateral Mass Screw Placement During Atlantoaxial Stabilization.

Objective The authors describe a modified technique for placement of the C1 lateral mass screw using a Steinmann pin as a guide. This technique minimizes dissection and provides atlantoaxial stabilization during arthrodesis. Methods In our technique, a nonthreaded 1.6-mm spade-tip Steinmann pin is placed into the lateral mass of C1 to serve as a guide over which a powered drill is used for screw insertion. Perioperative data were collected for consecutive patients who underwent a C1–2 arthrodesis that involved the modified technique between March 2010 and July 2016. Data included blood loss, operative times, and C2 nerve root injury. Results The data for 93 patients were reviewed. Most (91.4%) patients presented with a fracture from an acute trauma. A mean of 1.97 levels was fused in these patients, with a mean blood loss of 76 mL and a mean operative time of 144 minutes. The overall morbidity and mortality rate was 10.7%. The morbidity rate of 7.5% included 30-day postoperative complications of respiratory failure and dysphasia. There were no postoperative vertebral artery injuries, hardware failures, or instances of occipital neuralgia. Conclusions The use of Steinmann pins to guide the placement of C1 lateral mass screws is safe and effective in C1–2 arthrodesis. Limiting dissection minimizes blood loss and injury, maintains efficient operative time, and assists in accurate placement of the screws. Furthermore, with less manipulation and retraction of the C2 nerve root, postoperative occipital neuralgia and the need for C2 root transection are avoided.
Dementia Associated with Alcoholism

This chapter examines dementia associated with alcoholism, defined according to DSM-III1 as a substance-induced organic mental disorder. To establish the diagnosis, alcohol dependence and dementia criteria must both be met. Alcohol dependence is defined as “either a pattern of pathological alcohol use or impairment in social or occupational functioning due to alcohol use” (page 171) accompanied by either tolerance or withdrawal. The criteria for a dementia diagnosis include a significant decline in intellectual abilities in conjunction with cognitive impairments, particularly of memory. Dementia associated with alcoholism occurs after the long-term and heavy use of alcohol. To be diagnosed, the disorder must persist for at least 3 weeks after the cessation of drinking and all other potential causes of the dementia have been ruled out.
Production of in vitro lytic characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes in normal erythrocytes.

The concept that production of a "perfect" PNH RBC, artificially, might supply information as to the nature of the defect(s) in PNH RBCs was the basis for a study in which normal RBCs were studied after preincubation in concentrated, alkaline solutions of reduced glutathione. These RBCs exhibited the following features of PNH RBCs. 1. Sensitivity to lysis by acidified serum a. pH optimum identical to that of PNH RBCs b. complete prevention by prior heating of serum to 56° C for 30 minutes c. complete prevention by addition of dextran to serum d. complete prevention by removal of magnesium ion from serum, reversed by re-addition of magnesium ion to serum 2. Positive thrombin lysis test. 3. Positive sucrose lysis test. 4. No agglutination in type-compatible serum. 5. No greater than normal agglutination in serum containing isoantibodies or elevated titers of cold agglutinins, but marked enhancement of lytic sensitivity to these antibodies, identical to that achieved with "natural" PNH cells. 6. Positive Hegglin-Maier test. 7. Decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. 8. Increased lysis and lipid peroxide formation during incubation with hydrogen peroxide. The broad scope of these similarities permits cautious speculation that some biochemical feature(s) of PNH RBCs may have been produced in normal RBCs, artificially. The mechanism by which reduced glutathione produces the change is uncertain, but may involve either oxidation of membrane lipid or splitting of membrane protein disulfide bonds, or both.
Using ReproZip for Reproducibility and Library Services

Achieving research reproducibility is challenging in many ways: there are social and cultural obstacles as well as a constantly changing technical landscape that makes replicating and reproducing research difficult. Users face challenges in reproducing research across different operating systems, in using different versions of software across long projects and among collaborations, and in using publicly available work. The dependencies required to reproduce the computational environments in which research happens can be exceptionally hard to track – in many cases, these dependencies are hidden or nested too deeply to discover, and thus impossible to install on a new machine, which means adoption remains low. In this paper, we present ReproZip , an open source tool to help overcome the technical difficulties involved in preserving and replicating research, applications, databases, software, and more. We will examine the current use cases of ReproZip , ranging from digital humanities to machine learning. We also explore potential library use cases for ReproZip, particularly in digital libraries and archives, liaison librarianship, and other library services. We believe that libraries and archives can leverage ReproZip to deliver more robust reproducibility services, repository services, as well as enhanced discoverability and preservation of research materials, applications, software, and computational environments.
The Bay within the Littoral of Two or More States

Sir Hersch Lauterpacht in his Eighth Edition of Oppenheim’s International Law (volume I) writes: Gulfs and bays surrounded by the land of one and the same littoral State whose entrance is so wide that it cannot be commanded by coast batteries, and, further, as a rule, all gulfs and bays enclosed by the land of move than one littoral State, however narrow their entrance may be are non-territorial. They are parts of the open sea, the marginal belt inside the gulfs and bays excepted. (Italics mine).1
Die Biologie der Blutkonservierung

Das naturliche Blut zeigt eine bestimmte „morphologische und biochemische Zusammensetzung“, die wir bis zu einem gewissen Grade kennen. So weis man z. B. vieles uber die chemische Zusammensetzung des Plasmas und der Blutkorperchen; man weis auch, das die roten Blutkorperchen einen selbstandigen Stoffwechsel besitzen.
Interferon-γ and Systemic Autoimmunity

The term interferon describes a family of proteins consisting of three major types (I, II, III) which differ in their primary protein sequences, cognate receptors, genetic loci, and cell types responsible for their production. The interferons, especially types I and II, overlap significantly in the genes they control resulting in a shared spectrum of diverse biological effects which includes regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, the interferons are major effectors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, especially systemic autoimmunity. The type I IFNs, because they are produced during the early stages of the innate immune response, are thought to play the foremost role in autoimmune responses. However, numerous studies have found that the single type II IFN, IFN-γ, plays an essential role in the development and severity of systemic autoimmunity, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus. This is supported by animal studies where IFN-γ is uniformly required in both spontaneous and induced models of lupus. Although expression of IFN-γ in cells of the innate immune system is almost immediate after activation, expression in adaptive immunity requires a complex orchestration of cellular interactions, signaling events and epigenetic modifications. The multifaceted nature of IFN-γ in adaptive immunity identifies numerous possible therapeutic targets that, because of the essential contribution of IFN-γ to systemic autoimmunity, have the potential for producing significant benefits.
Hierarchical Heuristic Search Techniques for Empire-based Games.

Computer games have long been a fruitful and challenging area for the application of AI technologies. The empire-based strategy game is one genre that presents unique challenges to the implementation of an AI-based player due to the extremely large search space. Consequently, a majority of AI systems utilize ad hoc strategies such as hand-built finite state automata. While practical, this approach limits the computer player to the strategies designed by the programmer. A more flexible approach allows the computer to adaptively search for promising moves. This paper proposes a hierarchical architecture that breaks the problem space into manageable units. Through aggressive pruning strategies heuristic search may be employed across the hierarchical levels. The new search space examines approximately (nm) states for m moves, n pieces, and a search depth of d. In comparison, full search requires the examination of approximately (m) states. This technique was implemented on a simple empire-style game that generated expected results
Communicating the validity of structured job interviews with graphical visual aids

The structured job interview is often resisted by human resource (HR) professionals despite its superior predictive validity compared to the traditional unstructured interview. However, HR professionals may underestimate the utility of structured interviews because of how validity information is presented. Three online experiments with MTurk samples were conducted to examine the effect of statistical visual aids (Binomial effect size display; expectancy chart; icon array) on people's perceived usefulness of validity information and intentions toward using the structured interview. Results showed that graphical visual aids (expectancy chart and icon array) were perceived as more useful for communicating validity evidence than a nongraphical effect size display. People also judged the structured interview as more useful and were more willing to use it when validity evidence was presented graphically. Individual differences in graph literacy and nationality were also examined.
Do genomics and sex predict migration in a partially migratory salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss?

Partial migration is a common phenomenon wherein populations include migratory and resident individuals. Whether an individual migrates or not has important ecological and management implications, ...
Factors Affecting Head Impact Exposure in College Football Practices: A Multi-Institutional Study

Biomechanical data collected from head impacts in football have been used to characterize exposure and predict injury risk. This study sought to specifically quantify the factors that contribute towards player head impact exposure in college football practices. All players included in this study were outfitted with football helmets instrumented with accelerometer arrays (Head Impact Telemetry System). Head impact exposure was defined by the number of head impacts each player experienced in practice, the number of practice head impacts normalized by the number of practice sessions (practice head impact rate), and the 95th percentile linear and rotational resultant head impact accelerations. Practice head impact rate was observed to vary significantly with player position (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.46), team (p = 0.0016; η2 = 0.03), and the number of game impacts (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.03), which served as a correlate for player ability. Even after controlling for practice participation, player position, team, and ability, differences between individuals accounted for 48% of the variance in head impact exposure in practice. This work demonstrates the importance of considering head impact exposure on a subject-specific basis rather than estimating head impact exposure from aggregate data.
Multicore Fiber Connectors with Small Mode Field Diameter

A multicore fiber with small mode field diameter is fabricated and connectorized. The connectors exhibit small attenuation. A possibility of reducing the attenuation further by thermally expanded core technology is demonstrated.
Biomechanical contribution of the sclera to dynamic corneal response in air-puff induced deformation in human donor eyes.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of varying scleral material properties on the biomechanical response of the cornea under air-puff induced deformation. Twenty pairs of human donor eyes were obtained for this study. One eye from each pair had its sclera stiffened using 4% glutaraldehyde, while the fellow eye served as control for uniaxial strip testing. The whole globes were mounted in a rigid holder and intraocular pressure (IOP) was set using a saline column. Dynamic corneal response parameters were measured before and after scleral stiffening using the CorVis ST, a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer. IOP was set to 10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg, with at least 3 examinations performed at each pressure step. Uniaxial tensile testing data were fit to a neo-Hookean model to estimate the Young's modulus of treated and untreated sclera. Scleral Young's modulus was found to be significantly correlated with several response parameters, including Highest Concavity Deformation Amplitude, Peak Distance, Highest Concavity Radius, and Stiffness Parameter-Highest Concavity (SP-HC). There were significant increases in SP-HC after scleral stiffening at multiple levels of IOP, while no significant difference was observed in the corneal Stiffness Parameter – Applanation 1 (SP-A1) at any level of IOP. Scleral mechanical properties significantly influenced the corneal deformation response to an air-puff. The stiffer the sclera, the greater the constraining effect on corneal deformation resulting in lower displaced amplitude. This may have important clinical implications and suggests that both corneal and scleral material properties contribute to the observed corneal response in air-puff induced deformation.
Bariatric surgery in the super-super morbidly obese: outcome analysis of patients with BMI >70 using the ACS-NSQIP database.

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery offers patients short- and long-term benefits to their health and quality of life. Currently, we see more patients with superior body mass index (BMI) looking for these benefits. Evidence-based medicine is integral in the evaluation of risks versus benefit; however, data are lacking in this high-risk population. Objectives To assess the morbidity and mortality of patients with BMI ≥70 undergoing bariatric surgery. Setting University Hospital, Bronx, New York, United States using national database. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database for years 2005 to 2016, we identified patients who underwent primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Patients with BMI ≥70 were assigned to the BMI >70 (BMI70+) cohort and less obese patients were assigned to the BMI Results A total of 163,413 patients underwent non-revisional bariatric surgery. Of those, 2322 had a BMI ≥70. BMI70+ was associated with increased mortality (.4% versus .1%, P = .0001), deep vein thrombosis (.6% versus .3%, P = .007), pulmonary (1.9% versus .5%, P = .0001), renal (.9% versus .2%, P = .0001), and infectious complications (1.1% versus .4%, P = .0001). BMI70+ patients had longer mean length of stay (2.6 versus 2.1 d, P = .0001) and operative time (126.1 versus 114.5 min, P = .0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of myocardial infarctions (.1% versus .1%, P = .319), pulmonary embolisms (.3% versus .2%, P = .596), and transfusion requirements (.1% versus .1%, P = .105) between groups. Conclusions Evaluation of risk and benefit is performed on a case-by-case basis, but evidence-based medicine is critical in empowering surgeons and patients to make informed decisions. The overall rate of morbidity and mortality for BMI70+ patients undergoing bariatric surgery was increased over U70 patients but was still relatively low. Our study will allow surgeons to incorporate objective data into their assessment of risk for super-obese patients pursuing bariatric surgery.
Pipeline Installation and Vessel Specifications

Pipelay vessels range in complexity from traditional moored barges that lay pipe in shallow water to dynamically positioned ship-shaped vessels, which can lay large diameter pipe in ultra-deepwater and perform multiple functions including platform and subsea construction. In this chapter, pipelay installation techniques are described, and vessel specifications are defined. The primary physical specifications of pipelay vessels are described by hull type, vessel size, lay system, and station keeping, which determine in part secondary operational characteristics, such as water depth capacity, lay rates, and maximum pipeline diameters. Pipelay vessels are not designed and specified by a single value for any operational characteristic, but rather parameters range over values depending on the specific project and environmental criteria. Key relationships between vessel attributes for the world fleet c.2020 are examined.
Risk Prediction Models for Post-Operative Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Background and aims Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of postoperative mortality. Currently available tools to predict postoperative risk are suboptimally calibrated and do not account for surgery type. Our objective was to use population-level data to derive and internally validate cirrhosis surgical risk models. Approach and results We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Veterans Outcomes and Costs Associated with Liver Disease (VOCAL) cohort, which contains granular data on patients with cirrhosis from 128 U.S. medical centers, merged with the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) to identify surgical procedures. We categorized surgeries as abdominal wall, vascular, abdominal, cardiac, chest, or orthopedic and used multivariable logistic regression to model 30-, 90-, and 180-day postoperative mortality (VOCAL-Penn models). We compared model discrimination and calibration of VOCAL-Penn to the Mayo Risk Score (MRS), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium MELD-Na, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores. We identified 4,712 surgical procedures in 3,785 patients with cirrhosis. The VOCAL-Penn models were derived and internally validated with excellent discrimination (30-day postoperative mortality C-statistic = 0.859; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.809-0.909). Predictors included age, preoperative albumin, platelet count, bilirubin, surgery category, emergency indication, fatty liver disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and obesity. Model performance was superior to MELD, MELD-Na, CTP, and MRS at all time points (e.g., 30-day postoperative mortality C-statistic for MRS = 0.766; 95% CI, 0.676-0.855) in terms of discrimination and calibration. Conclusions The VOCAL-Penn models substantially improve postoperative mortality predictions in patients with cirrhosis. These models may be applied in practice to improve preoperative risk stratification and optimize patient selection for surgical procedures (www.vocalpennscore.com).
Minimum fascia tumor distance for selection of extracapsular dissection for benign parotid tumors: A preliminary study.

Abstract Objective There is increasing literature supporting the use of extracapsular dissection (ECD) for the treatment of select superficial lobe parotid tumors, though no objective criteria for selection has been proposed. Prior studies have suggested the minimum distance between the parotideomasseteric fascia and the tumor edge or minimum fascia-tumor distance (MFTD) as a useful measurement for the identification of superficial parotid tumors. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the utility of the minimum fascia-tumor distance in selecting candidates for extracapsular dissection of benign parotid tumors. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study at a tertiary academic otolaryngology clinic. Twenty-three patients with prior surgical excision of benign parotid tumors that underwent surgeon-performed ultrasonography prior to excision of tumor were identified. Ultrasound images were reviewed and the minimum fascia-tumor distance was recorded and categorized by less than 3 mm or as 3 mm or greater. The primary outcome was successful completion of extracapsular dissection versus more extensive resection. Results Thirteen patients had a minimum fascia-tumor distance less than 3 mm; eleven of thirteen (84.6%) successfully underwent extracapsular dissection. Ten patients had a minimum fascia-tumor distance of 3 mm or greater; one of ten (10%) successfully underwent extracapsular dissection. A minimum fascia-tumor distance less than 3 mm was sensitive, specific, and accurate in predicting successful ECD at 91.7%, 81.8%, and 87.0% respectively (OR 49.5, 95% CI 3.4–573.2). Conclusion Minimum fascia-tumor distance may be a useful measurement in identifying candidates for removal of benign parotid tumors with extracapsular dissection.
Privacy-Aware Federated Learning for Page Recommendation

Traditional page recommendation models are endangered by stricter privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The performance of these models suffer when only a part of the users share their personal data, such as cookies, with web servers, while the rest of the users choose to opt-out from sharing these data. Furthermore, these models are not designed to provide recommendations for users who do not share their data. This paper addresses the question of how to provide good page recommendations to all users, independent of their privacy attitudes. We propose Fed4Rec, a privacy-preserving framework for page recommendation based on federated learning (FL) and model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML), which allows machine learning models to train on data collected from both public users, who share data with the server, and private users, who do not share data with the server. Fed4Rec enables recommendations for both public users, computed at the server, and private users, computed at their local devices. Private users’ data are stored only on user devices and never shared with the server. FL is used to train on local data, and Fed4Rec shares with the server only partial model parameters, computed on local devices. MAML is used to jointly train on the public data and the model parameters from the private users. We compare Fed4Rec against several baseline frameworks, using a publicly available dataset from a large news portal. The results show that Fed4Rec outperforms the baselines in terms of recommendation accuracy. We also conduct one ablation study to examine the impact of varying the ratio between the number of public and private users. Fed4Rec performs better than the baselines for all ratios, but it is especially beneficial w hen t he p ercentage of public users is low.
Creating diverging opportunities in spite of equity work: educational opportunity and whiteness as property

This qualitative study of an urban high school draws on critical race theory’s tenet of whiteness as property and the notion that educational opportunity is a race-conscious construct to interrogat...
Demo Abstract: RT-WPCN: A Multi-hop Real-time Wireless Powered Communication Network

Wireless sensing devices compose the major physical components of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems which in recent years we have witnessed their rapid deployment in both consumer and industrial applications to support diverse sensing and control services [1]. Most of those sensing devices however are battery powered, and they require significant economic and human resources to replace or charge the batteries frequently to maintain proper operations. To overcome this issue, an ever-growing number of IoT devices are now being powered by harvesting ambient energy sources, which are mostly unreliable and not controllable. By contrast, emerging RF-based energy harvesting technologies [2] provide key benefits in terms of being wireless and controllable to provide sustainable energy supply. The IoT systems relying on RF-based energy harvesting technologies are in general called wireless powered communication networks (WPCN).
A Profile of the Woman as a Potential Entrepreneur

The authors study the attitudes, expectations, and level of preparation for business of a sample of 200 women considering going into marketing-oriented businesses. The authors found that almost 70% of the respondents planned to start a new business, over half never worked in the field they were considering entering, and for over 70% the business would not be their only source of income.
A Courage Untempered by Prudence : The Writings, Reforms, and Lectures of Frances Wright

Wright was careful in her approach to slavery, saying it “is not for a young and inexperienced foreigner to suggest remedies for an evil which has engaged the attention of native philanthropists and statesmen and hitherto baffled their efforts.” This changed and eventually she would have no problem asserting her views as well as the accompanying remedies, as is evidenced in Nashoba. She spoke briefly on emancipation and colonization, but only to say that unless they became programs of national concern, they would never be implemented successfully. She also, while still disapproving of slavery, credited slave owners for stoically bearing the burden set upon them by British slave-holders in colonial America. She called slave-owners “unfortunate masters of unfortunate slaves” who shouldered the jabs from the Northern states. Morris speculates that some of her sympathy for Southern slave-holders, which was always part of her nature, came from extended conversation with Thomas Jefferson, a proponent of education for freed-slaves, if only in the indefinite future. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol8/iss1/7 A Courage Untempered by Prudence 49 A Courage Untempered by Prudence: The Writings, Reforms, and Lectures of Frances Wright
The streets for the people: London's street markets 1850–1939

This paper analyses London’s street markets in the years between 1850 and 1939. It shows how this was a period of significant growth for street markets, with both steeply increasing numbers of markets and a steady increase in the number of stalls overall. These markets were informal and unauthorised for much of the period under discussion; the administrative/local government context was complex, and competing authorities (the City of London, London County Council, metropolitan boroughs and national government) hesitated in regulating the organic growth of street market trading, while also recognising the contribution it made to bringing cheap food and commodities to the population of London. It will be argued that the street market, far from being merely the survival of a primitive form of retail, flourished in response to modernity in London. It should be analysed alongside other developing forms of retail, and considered for its contribution to the culture and material culture of the city.
Environmental Considerations in the Studies of Corrosion Resistant Alloys for High-Level Radioactive Waste Containment

The corrosion resistance of Alloy 22 (UNS No.: N06022) was studied in simulated ground water of different pH values and ionic contents at various temperatures. Potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to study the electrochemical behavior and measure the critical potentials in the various systems. Alloy 22 was found to be resistant to localized corrosion in the simulated ground waters tested.
Molecular Analysis of Gene Rearrangements and Mutations in Acute Leukemias and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

A large subset of acute leukemias and other myeloproliferative neoplasms contain specific genetic alterations, many of which are associated with unique clinical and pathologic features. These alterations include chromosomal translocations leading to oncogenic fusion genes, as well as mutations leading to aberrant activation of a variety of proteins critical to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Molecular analysis is central to diagnosis and clinical management of leukemias, permitting genetic confirmation of a clinical and histologic impression, providing prognostic and predictive information, and facilitating detection of minimal residual disease. This unit will outline approaches to the molecular diagnosis of the most frequent and clinically relevant genetic alterations in acute leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 67:10.4.1-10.4.35 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: leukemia; translocations; myeloproliferative neoplasms; mutations; prognosis
Sustainable water resource management under hydrological uncertainty

[1] A proper understanding of the sources and effects of uncertainty is needed to achieve the goals of reliability and sustainability in water resource management and planning. Many studies have focused on uncertainties relating to climate inputs (e.g., precipitation and temperature), as well as those related to supply and demand relationships. In the end-to-end projection of the hydrological impacts of climate variability, however, hydrological uncertainties have often been ignored or addressed indirectly. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of hydrological uncertainties for reliable water resources management. We assess the uncertainties associated with hydrological inputs, parameters, and model structural uncertainties using an integrated Bayesian uncertainty estimator framework. Subsequently, these uncertainties are propagated through a simple reservoir management model in order to evaluate how various operational rules impact the characteristics of the downstream uncertainties, such as the width of the uncertainty bounds. By considering different operational rules, we examine how hydrological uncertainties impact reliability, resilience, and vulnerability of the management system. The results of this study suggest that a combination of operational rules (i.e., an adaptive operational approach) is the most reliable and sustainable overall management strategy.
Functional implications of myocardial scar structure

During healing after myocardial infarction, scar collagen content and stiffness do not correlate. We studied regional mechanics and both area fraction and orientation of large collagen fibers 3 wk after coronary ligation in the pig. During passive inflation of isolated, arrested hearts, the scar tissue demonstrated significantly less circumferential strain but similar longitudinal and radial deformation in comparison with noninfarcted regions of the same hearts. The observed selective resistance to circumferential deformation was consistent with the finding that most of the large collagen fibers in the scar were oriented within 30 degrees of the local circumferential axis. Furthermore, data from a previous study indicate that during ventricular systole these scars resist circumferential stretching, whereas they deform similarly to noninfarcted myocardium in the longitudinal and radial directions. We conclude that large collagen fiber structure is an important determinant of scar mechanical properties and that scar anisotropy allows the scar to resist circumferential stretching while deforming compatibly with adjacent noninfarcted myocardium in the longitudinal and radial directions.
Fast auroral waves

Abstract Fast auroral waves are East-West aligned, arc-like features that have been observed to propagate southward at 50–300 km/sec in the College vicinity after midnight. They occurred only when the preceding daylight hours, and often the evening hours, were magnetically undisturbed, and always after a short-lived (1–2 hr) polar substorm. It is suggested that the waves are the result of hydromagnetic processes occurring near the equatorial plane.
Demonstration of x-ray microscopy with an x-ray laser operating near the carbon K edge

High-brightness and short-pulse-width (~200 ps) x-ray lasers offer biologists the possibility of high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of specimens in an aqueous environment without the blurring effects associated with natural motions. As a first step toward developing the capabilities of this type of x-ray microscopy we have used a tantalum x-ray laser (λ = 4.483 nm) together with an x-ray zone plate lens to image a test pattern. The observed image shows a detector-limited resolution of approximately 75 nm and paves the way to three-dimensional biological imaging with high spatial resolution (20–30 nm).
Function, Structure, and Evolution of the Major Facilitator Superfamily: The LacY Manifesto

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a diverse group of secondary transporters with members found in all kingdoms of life. A paradigm for MFS is the lactose permease (LacY) of Escherichia coli, which couples the stoichiometric translocation of a galactopyranoside and an across the cytoplasmic membrane. LacY has been the test bed for the development of many methods applied for the analysis of transport proteins. X-ray structures of an inward-facing conformation and the most recent structure of an almost occluded conformation confirm many conclusions from previous studies. Although structure models are critical, they are insufficient to explain the catalysis of transport. The clues to understanding transport are based on the principles of enzyme kinetics. Secondary transport is a dynamic process—static snapshots of X-ray crystallography describe it only partially. However, without structural information, the underlying chemistry is virtually impossible to conclude. A large body of biochemical/biophysical data derived from systematic studies of site-directed mutants in LacY suggests residues critically involved in the catalysis, and a working model for the symport mechanism that involves alternating access of the binding site is presented. The general concepts derived from the bacterial LacY are examined for their relevance to other MFS transporters.