cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence requirements for function of the Drosophila chorion gene locus ACE3 replicator and ori-β origin elements

The developmentally regulated amplification of the Drosophila third chromosome chorion gene locus requires multiple chromosomal elements. Amplification control element third chromosome (ACE3) appears to function as a replicator, in that it is required in cis for the activity of nearby DNA replication origin(s). Ori-β is the major origin in the locus, and is a sequence-specific element that is sufficient for high-level amplification in combination with ACE3. Sequence requirements for amplification were examined using a transgenic construct that was buffered from chromosomal position effects by flanking insulator elements. The parent construct supported 18- to 20-fold amplification, and contained the 320 bp ACE3, the ∼1.2 kb S18 chorion gene and the 840 bp ori-β. Deletion mapping of ACE3 revealed that an evolutionarily conserved 142 bp core sequence functions in amplification in this context. Several deletions had quantitative effects, suggesting that multiple, partially redundant elements comprise ACE3. S. cerevisiae ARS1 origin sequences could not substitute for ori-β, thereby confirming the sequence specificity of ori-β. Deletion mapping of ori-β identified two required components: a 140 bp 5′ element and a 226 bp A/T-rich 3′ element called the β-region that has significant homology to ACE3. Antibody to the origin recognition complex subunit 2 (ORC2) recognizes large foci that localize to the endogenous chorion gene loci and to active transgenic constructs at the beginning of amplification. Mutations in Orc2 itself, or the amplification trans regulator satin eliminated the ORC2 foci. By contrast, with a null mutation of chiffon (dbf4-like) that eliminates amplification, diffuse ORC2 staining was still present, but failed to localize into foci. The data suggest a novel function for the Dbf4-like chiffon protein in ORC localization. Chromosomal position effects that eliminated amplification of transgenic constructs also eliminated foci formation. However, use of the buffered vector allowed amplification of transgenic constructs to occur in the absence of detectable foci formation. Taken together, the data suggest a model in which ACE3 and ori-β nucleate the formation of a ORC2-containing chromatin structure that spreads along the chromosome in a mechanism dependent upon chiffon.
Osmotic Relationships of Lernaea Cyprinacea L. (Copepoda)

Herauspraparierte weibliche Lernaea cyprinacea gleichen sich an die Salzkonzentrationen des Ausenmediums an. Dem Wirt angeheftet, entspricht ihr Innenmedium jedoch der Konzentration des Wirtsserums. Physiologischer Zustand des Parasiten, Tiefe und Position der Parasiten-Penetration, und die Art der Reaktion des Wirtsgewebes auf den eindringenden Parasiten sind weitere Faktoren, deren Zusammenwirken eine erhebliche Variabilitat der Innenkonzentration von L. cyprinacea bewirken konnen. Sowohl im Sus- als auch im Meerwasser werden die Hamolymph-Konzentrationen angehefteter Parasiten nur geringfugig durch das Ausenmedium beeinflust. Im Meerwasser hangen Veranderungen der Hamolymph-Konzentration des angehefteten Parasiten von den im Wirtsserum verursachten Veranderungen ab. Auf diese Weise konnen einzelne Parasiten auf dem Wirtskorper Konzentrationen bis zu 80% Meerwasser uberstehen. Im allgemeinen verursachen Konzentrationen von 20% Meerwasser oder mehr jedoch erhohte Sterblichkeit und Abnahme der Eiproduktion angehefteter Parasiten. Wegen der hohen Sterblichkeit von Nauplien und Copepoditen wahrend jeder Hautung ist die Vollendung des Lebenszyklus nur moglich in Konzentrationen unterhalb von 15% Meerwasser.
Tissue Fusion With 1.3 Micron YAG Laser

Tissue fusion using a computerized 1.3 micron YAG laser has been in use in human clinical trails under a FDA investigational device exemption since June, 1988. Animals studies using the 1.3 micron wavelength will be reviewed.
Peak-Load Pricing with Continuous and Interdependent Demand

Issues concerning time-of-use (TOU) pricing with continuous and interdependent demand are examined in a context where increasing marginal costs of production, as opposed to capacity constraints, provide the major incentive for flattening the load curve. The analysis develops the underlying consumer preferences sufficient to insure a continuously varying load curve and generalizes previous considerations of the peak load pricing problem by simultaneously considering continuous and interdependent demand in determining optimal prices and pricing period lengths. A profit incentive for TOU pricing as a form of price discrimination is revealed, which is tempered as substitution across pricing periods allows limited intertemporal arbitrage. The profit incentive leads a price-regulated firm, ceteris paribus, to choose a peak pricing period longer than the social optimum.
Behavioral Outcomes for Administrative Internships: Schools Principals

This study proposes a design based on a systematic statement of behavioral objectives for the operation of administrative internships. Cyclic processes are presented as a suggestive guide to others planning such programs. Evaluative problems are examined including that of differential perception among groups of observers.
Existence of multiple peaks in plasma ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone after oral administration of a contraceptive pill.

Previous measurements of plasma ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and norethindrone (NE) over 24 h after oral administration of a contraceptive pill have demonstrated a single steroid peak occurring 1-2 h after pill ingestion, with a gradual decline over the next 22 h. In the present study plasma concentrations of EE2 and NE were measured 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after oral ingestion of a contraceptive pill containing 35 micrograms EE2 and 1 mg NE at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months of use in 58 normal healthy women. Contrary to previous reports, analysis of the 464 steroid curves (58 subjects x 4 time periods x 2 steroids) revealed the presence of multiple hormone peaks. Two peaks of EE2 were identified in 44.8% of women during the first pill cycle and in 75.9%, 55.2%, and 67.2% of women after 3, 6, and 9 months of pill use. Two hormone peaks of NE were observed in 29.3% of women during the first cycle and in 36.2%, 50%, and 44.8% at 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Existence of these multiple peaks at the freque...
Experimental Results on a Rotatable Low Solidity Vaned Diffuser

This paper reviews test results from a rotatable low solidity vaned diffuser (RLSD). The device was installed in a single stage test vehicle consisting of a pseudo-return channel inlet, a subsonic centrifugal impeller (approx. 2:1 pressure ratio), the rotatable diffuser, a return channel and a dump collector. Static taps, total pressure probes, and thermocouples were located in critical areas throughout the stage. Manual traverse probes measured the pressure and angle profiles at RLSD leading and trailing edges. Results for various stagger angles, leading edge radius ratios, etc. are presented in terms of pressure recovery (Cp) and loss coefficient (LC). Comments are made regarding the applicability of the RLSD in production units.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
Fatigue Failure Models ߝ Birnbaum-Saunders vs. Inverse Gaussian

The assumption of a common underlying failure process leads to both the inverse Gaussian distribution and the fatigue life distribution of Birnbaum & Saunders. The first is obtained by an exact derivation while the second involves certain approximations. Although both of these distributions fit many failure data well, the inverse Gaussian distribution enjoys a distinct advantage in regard to the availability of procedures for a sound statistical analysis and tractability of the sampling distributions.
Optical Methodology for Testing of Microsystems

Advancing the emerging technologies of MEMS, especially relating to the applications, constitutes one of the most challenging tasks in today’s micromechanics. In addition to design, analysis, and fabrication capabilities, this task also requires advanced test methodologies for determination of functional characteristics of devices produced to enable verification of their operation as well as refinement and optimization of specific designs. The tools used can be categorized as analytical, computational, and experimental. Solutions using the tools from any one category alone do not usually provide all of the necessary information on MEMS and extensive merging, or hybridization, of the tools from different categories is used. One of the approaches employed in the development of micro-structures of contemporary interest, is based on a combined use of the analytical, computational, and experimental solutions (ACES) methodology. In this paper, applicability of the ACES methodology is illustrated by use of selected MEMS samples. The representative results presented in this paper indicate that the optical methodology is a viable tool for micro-scale measurements and, as such, it is particularly useful for development of MEMS, especially while considering MEMS reliability assessment. In fact, this methodology is being used in various manufacturing stages of MEMS for high-performance applications.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
SU‐E‐J‐106: Interactive 4D Proton Pencil Beam Dose Calculation Using Shadie: A Fast GPU‐Based Visualization Language

Purpose: Protontreatment planning for thoracic and gastrointestinal targets requires sensitivity to motion issues upstream from the distal surface of the defined disease site. Variations in radiological path length due to organ motion, both inter‐ and intra‐fraction, can result in significant under‐ and over‐shoot of the defined protondose distribution due to the high radiological range sensitivity of particle beam radiotherapy. We describe a method for interactive exploration of this range sensitivity through direct, ‘on‐the‐fly’ dose recalculation using a GPU‐based visualization language, Shadie. Methods: Based on a python‐like syntax, the GPU kernel is defined and recompiled by the Shadie language interpreter for CUDA code compilation. This kernel is evaluated directly in the rendering pipeline, coupling the display to the final, volume rendered patient anatomy. The size and/or number of spatial‐temporal volumetric datasets is limited only by available GPU memory, allowing for kernel operations against multiple data sets simultaneously. A pencil beam protondose calculation algorithm has been re‐implemented using this shader language to allow real time recalculation of protondose distributions. Interactivity of the volume rendered image is provided by exposing relevant treatment delivery variables to the user, including: beam range, modulation, couch and gantry angle, and source position. As these exposed variables are modified, the dose is continuously recalculated and displayed. Results: The speed of the dose calculation engine allows for 4D visualization of both anatomy and dose distribution in a volume rendered environment. The flexibility of Shadie allows for easy adaptation to multiple visualization needs, including mean and standard deviation dose distribution maps as well as a cinematic mode where the dose is recalculated as the datasets are cycled through sequentially. Conclusions: This tool may provide assistance when planning/reviewing treatment sites subject to temporal variability, allowing for deeper understanding of the dosimetric implications of organ motion.
Anemia and gene therapy--a matter of control.

Achieving appropriate levels of gene expression at the right time and the right place is an important goal of gene therapy. A new study shows one way to meet this goal.
Some empirical perspectives on the economic effects of technological innovations

Abstract On the basis of extensive empirical research, this discussion reviews: first, the need to modify numerous widely prevailing expectations covering the economic effects of technological innovations; second, some of the specific errors commonly made in estimating the prospective benefits of particular technological innovations being considered for adoptions; third, some means of intensifying technological improvement effects; and finally, some of the shortcomings often encountered in evaluating the effects of technological innovations after they have been installed.
Synthesis of control systems for chemical plants

Abstract Synthesis of plant-wide control structures involves identifying control objectives that are consistent with the overall production goals and formulating control strategies in a multivariate environment. This is a complex task. A hierarchical framework is proposed in which the plant is vertically decomposed into a set of representations of different degrees of abstraction. Starting from the input-output level, we develop a control structure for the overall plant. Then, we move onto the next level where the model, the control objectives and the control strategies are being refined. This procedure is repeated until all levels of the plant have been analyzed. The hierarchy of control strategies can be integrated to form a multi-horizon control system . In this paper, the key conceptual steps of the methodology are being demonstrated.
Disability as an Enacted Parable

Leviticus 21:16–23 has historically been used negatively with regard to people with disabilities and ministry. The aim of this discussion is to present the Levitical restriction on priests with disabilities in a positive light. This goal is achieved by presenting a reading of Leviticus 21:16–23 as an enacted parable. An enacted parable is a parabolic action that involves the person of the one who enacts it. In the case of Leviticus 21:16–23, the enacted parable concerns the way in which the blemished priests provided a visual demonstration of the holiness of Yahweh.
Erratum to: Closure of circular arc cracks under general loading: effects on stress intensity factors

Due to an unfortunate turn of events, this article has been published with an erroneous version of Fig. 6 and two errors in the values of the second paragraph as well as one error in the text of paragraph three of Sect. 5 “Arc crack closure under uniaxial tension”. Please find below the correct values and text part of the second and third paragraph of Sect. 5 and the correct Fig. 6 that should be regarded by the reader as the final versions.
Esterification of cholesterol by homogenates of atherosclerotic and normal aortas.

Abstract Cholesterol esterification with palmityl-CoA by cell-free homogenates from atherosclerotic rabbit aortas was 39 times greater than with cell-free homogenates from normal aortas. In a 2 1 2 hr time-trend study using atherosclerotic preparations, the specific activity curve of cholesteryl ester reached an early plateau at a level much lower than that of the fatty acid derived from the β-position of lecithin, with no tendency of the cholesteryl ester specific activity to rise further approaching that of lecithin. A similar type of experiment was done using normal aortic preparations. In contrast to the experiments with atherosclerotic tissue, the specific activity of cholesteryl ester was much higher than that of lecithin at each time interval after 4 minutes of incubation. The data indicate that lecithin is not an intermediate in the observed esterification of cholesterol in our preparations. Esterification of cholestrol occurs upon addition of labeled palmityl-CoA, and terminates after exhaustion of the substrate. Most of the cholesterol-esterifying activity is localized in the microsomes of normal and atherosclerotic aortas. Cholesterol esterification by atherosclerotic and normal microsomes requires ATP and CoA, when free fatty acid is provided as the acyl source. Very little esterification occurs without these factors. These observations together indicate that cholesterol esterification is accomplished by fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase.
Light-weight multicast services (LMS): a router-assisted scheme for reliable multicast

Building on the success of unicast IP, IP Multicast adopted a simple, open, best-effort delivery model with many-to-many semantics. Despite several years of effort, a general, scalable and reliable end-to-end transport protocol analogous to TCP has proven elusive. Proposed solutions are either inflexible, or incur high control overhead. We present Lightweight Multicast Services (LMS), which enhance the IP Multicast model with simple forwarding services to facilitate scalable and efficient (compared to pure end-to-end) solutions to problems such as reliable multicast. In LMS, routers tag and steer control packets to preselected endpoints and perform fine-grain multicast to guide responses to a subset of the group without transport-level processing. LMS divides error control into transport and forwarding components, which allows the former to remain at the end-points while the latter is pushed to the routers, where it can be implemented very efficiently. The division is clean, resulting in significant gains in performance and scalability, while reducing application complexity. LMS reaches beyond reliable multicast to applications such as scalable collect, any-cast, and in general, any application that can benefit from a hierarchy congruent with the underlying topology.
The strategic role of knowledge and innovation systems thinking

Practitioners of systems thinking must understand a new definition of a system, especially when dealing with new market forces and empowered customers. Traditionally, a system is a whole whose elements continually affect each other and operate towards a common goal. The structure is the pattern of interrelationships among elements of the system and is typically invisible until someone discovers them. The degree of flexibility with which an organisation expends in the allowance of change is regulated by the existence of innovation and inertia. Aligning organisational elements within an organisation and between an organisation and environment are important for competitive success. Applications of systems thinking to strategic fit are most prevalent within the areas of positioning and organisational development. Several models are presented, which range from simple to complex, show the relationships of a company with its environment. As the number of interactions increase, the behaviour of the system becomes more dynamic.
Liver transplantation under tacrolimus in infants, children, adults, and seniors : Long-term results, survival, and adverse events in 1000 consecutive patients

The benefits of tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation are well recognized.1–6 The aim of the present study is to examine the outcome of primary liver transplantation (LTx) under tacrolimus for various age groups over a long-term in 1000 consecutive patients from a single center.
Effects of Local-Market Radio Ownership Concentration on Radio Localism, the Public Interest, and Listener Opinions and Use of Local Radio

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 and ensuing radio ownership consolidation are often blamed for harming radio localism and the public interest. The present research sought to determine effects of local-market radio ownership concentration on listener opinions and use of radio—potentially indicative of stations' localism and public service—by surveying listeners in markets categorized by ownership concentration. Findings suggest concentration does not strongly influence perceptions; however, overall results indicate potentially negative consequences from local and national consolidation on amounts of local music, news, and public-service programming; live-local programming; and station responsiveness.
THE SPEARMAN VISUAL PERCEPTION TEST (PART I), WITH PANTOMIME DIRECTIONS

Resume. LE TEST SPEARMAN DE LA PERCEPTION VISUELLE. 1re Partie avec des instructions par Pantomime. Le test Spearman de la perception visuelle, 1re partie, fut invente par le Professeur Charles Spearman pour mesurer la capacite de saisir les rapports. Le test, tel qu'il fut d'abord construit, depend pour son application des instructions verbales. Pour les buts d'une etude des enfants bilingues l'auteur de cet article a adapte le test a une application qui n'utilise pas le langage. Le test, dans cette forme modifiee, fut applique a 2830 enfants, âges de neuf a quatorze ans, dans les classes 4B a 8B de deux ecoles primaires publiques de Brooklyn, New York. On donne la moyenne pour chaque âge, aussi bien que des comparaisons entre la performance des deux sexes, et entre celle de 1152 enfants italiens et celle de 1196 enfants juifs. La performance des Juifs se montrait en general superieure a celle des Italiens. La coefficient de validite du test est ·882 avec une erreur probable de ·0062. La suivante est la correlation de ce test avec d'autres: Avec le test de Pintner qui n'utilise pas le langage……………… ·610 Avec le test verbal de Pintner …………………………. ·441 Avec le CAVD test de Thorndike ………………………… ·581 On donne les instructions pour l'application du test sans emploi du langage. Zusammenfassung. DER SPEARMAN'SCHE SEHWAHRNEHMUNGSTEST, ERSTER TEIL, MIT PANTOMIMISCHEN ANWEISUNGEN. Der Spearman'sche Wahrnehmungstest, I. Teil, wurde von Professor Charles Spearman aufgestellt, um die Fahigkeit im Erkennen von Verhaltnissen zu messen. Der Test, wie er ursprunglich aufgestellt war, beruht bei seiner Ausfuhrung, auf mundlichen Anweisungen. Im Zusammenhang mit einer Untersuchung uber Zweisprachigkeit hat der Verfasser den Test zur Anwendung ohne Worte umgearbeitet, wobei der Test ohne das Mittel der Sprache angewandt wird. Der Test ohne Sprache wurde 2830 Kindern im Alter von neun bis vierzehn in Klassen 4B bis 8B in zwei Volksschulen in Brooklyn, New York gegeben. Altersnormen und Vergleiche zwischen den Leistungen der Geschlechter und zwei Gruppen von 1152 italienischen und 1196 judischen Kindern werden gegeben. Im allgemeinen fand man, dass die Leistung der Juden besser war als die der Italiener. Der Zuverlassigkeitskoeffizient des Tests ist, 882 mit einem Prozentirrtum von, 0062. Die Korrelation des Tests mit anderen Intelligenzprufungen ist wie folgt: Mit Pintners Intelligenzprufung ohne Sprache …………………, 610 Mit Pintners Intelligenzprufung (mundlich)…………………, 441 Mit Thorndike CAVD Test ………………………………, 581 Die Anweisungen fur den Gebrauch des Spearman'schen Sehwahrnehmungstests ohne Sprache werden gegeben.
A Decade of XML Data Management: An Industrial Experience Report from Oracle

XML and its related technologies have now been in use for almost a decade. There has been considerable amount of effort both from research and industry focusing on XML, XQuery/XPath, XSLT and SQL/XML processing in the database. Many research prototypes and industrial products have been built to satisfy the XML use cases. This paper reviews several use cases where XML databases are leveraged to build real-world XML applications. We discuss the lessons learnt in supporting both data-centric and document-centric XMLDB applications within a single database system and the need for the implementation of different XML storage, index and query optimisation techniques for different XML use cases. We show the value of managing XML in databases, the current challenges and improvements that will hopefully promote future research directions. This paper also provides a timely checkpoint of XML data management from industrial perspective with experience of developing and supporting Oracle XML products.
Chemokines as Mediators of Neovascularization

Chemokines are a superfamily of homologous heparin-binding proteins, first described for their role in recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Chemokines have since been recognized as key factors mediating both physiological and pathological neovascularization in such diverse clinical settings as malignancy, wound repair, chronic fibroproliferative disorders, myocardial ischemia, and atherosclerosis. Members of the CXC chemokine family, structurally defined as containing the ELR amino acid motif, are potent inducers of angiogenesis, whereas another subset of the CXC chemokines inhibits angiogenesis. In addition, CCL2, a CC chemokine ligand, has been implicated in arteriogenesis. In this article, we review the current literature on the role of chemokines as mediators of neovascularization.
Carotid Doppler velocity measurements and anatomic stenosis: correlation is futile.

Background: Duplex ultrasound with Doppler velocimetry is widely used to evaluate the presence and severity of internal carotid artery stenosis; however, a variety of velocity criteria are currentl...
Load Regulation of Power Plants

The sections in this article are 1 Life-Extending Load-Following Control System 2 Feedforward System Design 3 Simulation Examples for Feedforward System 4 Feedback System Design 5 Supervisory System 6 Feedback-Supervisory System Implementation 7 Results and Discussion of Simulation Experiments 8 Simulation Set-up 9 Simulation Under Nominal Conditions 10 Perturbed Plant Simulation 11 Conclusions
Hybrid fuzzy logic control to stabilize an inverted pendulum from arbitrary initial conditions

Presents a new hybrid fuzzy logic controller which can balance an inverted pendulum supported on a linear track cart starting from arbitrary initial conditions for the pendulum. The controller is hybrid in the sense that it combines fuzzy logic, deterministic rules and energy based control concepts. The experimental equipment is briefly described and the controller structure defined. Performance of the controller with hardware-in-the-loop is then presented. The paper concludes with a design challenge for control systems designers.
A Scattered Approach to Critical Issues

This book contains a selection of articles written by educational researchers, legal experts, test developers, an interpreter, and other professionals in the deafness field who have experience related to equal standards and fair assessment of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. The editors organized 15 chapters into five sections: (a) the context, (b) test development issues, (c) administrative issues, (d) cases from specific professions, and (e) summing up. The tests and evaluations that are the focus of these chapters are related to Educational Testing Service (ETS) tests, such as Scholastic Aptitude Tests, Graduate Record Examinations, and licensing tests. One chapter does address the psychometric properties of intelligence tests as related to deaf and hard of hearing. Neuropsychological, social emotional assessment, and other assessment methods of collecting data such as interviews, self-report measures, and behavioral checklists are not the scope of this book. The majority of the authors of the seven chapters that fall in the test development and administrative issues sections introduce their respective chapters with discussions of the historic background of educational assessment with deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals and an overview of the language confounds related to the use of standardized tests with deaf and hard-ofhearing individuals. The authors then make suggestions of possible test accommodations. Some of the language issues that are highlighted are idiomatic English, vocabulary, grammar, multiple meanings, inadequate context, and multiple embedded dependent clauses. Even though a few of the authors of these chapters do take different angles on the subject (e.g., examining whether the test construct is the same for deaf and hearing through differential item functioning) the repetitiveness of the content in these seven chapters makes the reading of the book tedious. This collection of chapters does orient the reader to the relevant ETS testing issues and how to maximize accessibility to ‘‘fair’’ testing and provides criteria regarding how to review test item structure and psychometric properties such as validity issues. The editors explain that ‘‘this book is about difficult choices which face persons who are deaf or hard of hearing and decision makers who must make decisions about their qualifications and futures.’’ For an individual who is unaware of the basic issues regarding assessing deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, this book may be a good entry point; however, for a professional who is familiar with assessing deaf and hard-ofhearing professionals, this book is redundant.
A Novel, Simplified Technique to Amplify Eimeria (Coccidia: Apicomplexa) DNA from Oocysts

A new method to amplify coccidia DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed by placing freeze-thawed oocysts in Ready-to-Go PCR bead tubes and using a 5-min initial heat denaturation step. Positive PCR reactions were found in 3 of 3 samples containing 20 or 50 oocysts; when ≤5 oocysts were used, 1 of 3 samples was positive. This technique shows potential for effectively and efficiently detecting and identifying oocysts from soil, feces, and other matter.
Seafood as Local Food: Food Security and Locally Caught Seafood on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula

In this paper we explore the relationship between food security and access to locally caught seafood for communities of the Kenai Peninsula region of Alaska. Seafood and fisheries are infrequently discussed in the literature on local and small-scale food movements; instead, they are more commonly construed as overexploited components of a global food system and a source of conflict with respect to global food security and fisheries conservation. By way of contrast, we argue here that many fisheries have the potential to be sources of healthy and sustainable “local” food, in support of the many values and goals embraced by local food movement, including conservation. With data collected via a by-mail survey, we show that many people in our Alaskan study region enjoy improved food security because they have access to locally caught seafood, especially those households at the lowest income levels. We also show, however, that access to these resources is still uneven for some, and we discuss strategies for improving the socialjustice aspects of this component of the regional food system. Our findings are important not just to the fisheries and food security research communities, but also for contributing to a better understanding of the conditions within which local and regional food movements can achieve the ambitious social and ecological goals they seek.
Chlamydia pneumoniae—Induced Atherosclerosis in a Rabbit Model

In order to establish a causative relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis, animal models have been proposed. In a rabbit model, arterial intimal thickening has been induced by direct intravascular and intranasal inoculation with C. pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae infection can induce significant acceleration of atherosclerosis in a mildly hyperlipidemic rabbit model but is prevented by treatment with azithromycin. Together these preliminary rabbit experiments suggest that C. pneumoniae may play a causative role in atherosclerosis. More animal studies are underway that are designed to address further mechanistic and therapeutic questions regarding the association between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.
The Measurement of Volume: Why Do Young Children Measure Inaccurately?

A total of 257 children in grades 2–5 were individually interviewed to find the grade level at which they demonstrated transitive reasoning and unit iteration in the measurement of volume. In the transitivity task, the children were asked if a larger, empty container could be used to compare the quantity of popcorn kernels (about 350 cc) in two containers that looked very different. The unit-iteration task was similar except that children were asked if a small cup could be used to compare similar quantities of rice in two containers. It was found that a majority of children (51%) demonstrated transitive reasoning by third grade and that a majority (56%) demonstrated unit iteration by fourth grade. A conclusion reached is that the standard of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) expecting children to understand units of measurement by grade 2 is unrealistic. Better principles of teaching are also suggested to encourage children to think logically.
The Multistory Shear Building

In Part I we analyzed and obtained the dynamic response for structures modeled as a single degree-of-freedom system. Only if the structure can assume a unique shape during its motion will the single degree model provide the exact dynamic response. Otherwise, when the structure takes more than one possible shape during motion, the solution obtained from a single degree model will be an approximation to the true dynamic behavior.
The Response Strategies of Dominant US Firms to Japanese Challengers

Six case studies are used to examine the response strategies of dominant US firms to the entry of Japanese challengers into their domestic industries. This study examines the question of whether it is better to respond quickly with individual competitive responses or wait until a broad strategic reorientation is possible. The results suggest that the US firms that had a slower but more concentrated and aggressive response lost less market share than firms that responded quickly.
Percutaneous transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula through a mastoid emissary vein: Technical note

Definitive endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) requires obliteration of the site of the fistula: either the diseased dural sinus or the pial vein. Access to this site is often limited by occlusion of the sinus proximal and distal to the segment containing the fistula. The authors describe a technique in which the mastoid emissary vein is used to gain access to a Borden-Shucart Type II DAVF in the transverse-sigmoid sinus. Recognition of this route of access, if present, may facilitate endovascular treatment of these lesions. Access to the transverse sinus via this approach can be straightforward and may be underused.
Effects of focusing-beam field variations on the stability of laser oscillators

Semiclassical models for the dynamical behavior of single-longitudinal-mode, homogeneously broadened, unidirectional ring-laser oscillators have long been available. However, in most of these models the beam's cross section is assumed to be independent of longitudinal position in the laser, while in practical laser systems it is common for the diameter to vary with position. A model for lasers with focusing-beam field variations is developed here. Linear stability analysis shows that higher values of excitation are required to reach the type 1 instability threshold for lasers with longitudinal variations of the beam diameter than for the uniform plane-wave laser model.
Where Have You Gone, Margaret Mead? Anthropology and Public Intellectuals

ABSTRACT I maintain that, in today's perilous world, anthropologists have many productive ideas and much useful information to share with the public, in general, and policy makers, in particular. To make such ideas and information more accessible, anthropologists need to further strengthen their public outreach. I argue here that one potentially fruitful way to facilitate such outreach is to have more anthropologists become visible, recognized public intellectuals, just as Margaret Mead so successfully was in the past. I also examine some of the barriers to anthropological outreach, such as academic tenure and promotion procedures and professional attitudes toward outreach, and suggest some solutions to overcome these barriers.
The ecological context of student achievement: School building quality effects are exacerbated by high levels of student mobility

National reports along with numerous statewide studies indicate that the physical infrastructure of American schools is crumbling. At the same time there is emerging evidence that school building quality matters for children's academic achievement. We integrate two separate literatures that have demonstrated that low school building quality as well as high rates of student mobility each contribute to reduced academic achievement by showing that these two variables statistically interact. Elementary school children in 511 New York City public schools have lower achievement scores if they attend schools of poor structural quality and with high rates of student mobility. The significant main and interactive effects of school building quality and student mobility on standardized test scores occur independently of socioeconomic and racial composition of the school.
Implications of Recent Research for Program Quality in Cocaine Dependence Treatment

Great strides have been made in recent years regarding the development and evaluation of treatments for cocaine dependence. In particular, several behavioral strategies have been developed with demonstrated effectiveness for diverse populations of cocaine-dependent individuals. These include contingency management, cognitive behavioral treatments, and manualized individual disease model approaches. In addition, large-scale client surveys have identified several correlates of good outcome in the treatment of cocaine dependence, including retention in treatment, increasing compliance, providing services and treatments that address the patient's comorbid psychosocial problems, and encouraging involvement in self-help groups. Finally, greater adoption by treatment providers of strategies commonly used in treatment efficacy research might also contribute to improved treatment quality.
Mantle convection and crustal evolution on Venus

Venus is probably similar to the Earth in that recycling of basaltic crust has been induced by the development of cratons: combinations of siliceous crust with high Mg:Fe mantle. Venus has less remaining energy sources at depth, but still enough to to support the great plateaus, and to deliver appreciable heat close to the surface by convection. The main differences of Venus from the Earth arise from its lack of water, rather than higher temperatures. Lack of water (plus lower stress levels due to lesser energy) makes the upper mantle more viscous, and hence Venus tectonics more driven by bulk mantle, rather than boundary layer, characteristics. Making tectonics difficult to infer from Magellan imagery will be shallower and more widespread layers of weakness in crustal rocks obscuring the mantle-driven patterns.
The Effect of Calcium Ions on the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time of Heparinized Plasma

The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of heparinized plasma was studied. The aPTT ratio (heparinized plasma:control plasma) increased as the CaCl2 concentration to recalcify the plasma was increased from 15 to 35 mmol/L CaCl2. Platelet-poor plasma from patients receiving intravenous heparin, and in vitro heparinized plasmas from either coumarinized patients or plasma depleted of the vitamin K-dependent factors, displayed the calcium-dependent increase in the aPTT ratio. The magnitude of the calcium-dependent change in the aPTT ratio was similar for the three partial thromboplastins studied. Heparinized blood collected in 3.2% and 3.8% citrate demonstrated the calcium-dependent increase in the aPTT ratio. The authors have also studied the effect of the divalent cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2, and Sr+2) on the anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin to determine whether the calcium-dependent increase in the aPTT was due to an increase in the anti-Factor Xa activity. The anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin was measured using chromogenic substrate S-2251, purified Factor Xa, and excess antithrombin III. The anti-Factor Xa activity of heparinized plasma increased 2.4-2.8-fold as the divalent cation concentration was increased from 0-5 mmol/L. Similar results were obtained using purified bovine Factor Xa, antithrombin III, and heparin in the absence of plasma. These results suggest that divalent cations play an important role in modulating heparin's anticoagulant activity in vitro. In addition, the CaCl2 concentration used to recalcify plasma is an important variable that modifies heparin sensitivity of the aPTT. Furthermore, divalent cations play an important role in regulating the anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin in vitro.
Intake of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks and apple juice is associated with prevalent arthritis in US adults, aged 20–30 years

There is a link between joint and gut inflammation of unknown etiology in arthritis. Existing research indicates that regular consumption of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened (HFCS) soft drinks, but not diet soft drinks, may be associated with increased risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. One unexplored hypothesis for this association is that fructose malabsorption, due to regular consumption of excess free fructose (EFF) and HFCS, contributes to fructose reactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs, which once absorbed, travel beyond the intestinal boundaries to other tissues and promote inflammation. In separate studies, the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products has been associated with joint inflammation in RA. Objective of this study was to assess the association between EFF beverages intake and non-age, non-wear and tear-associated arthritis in US young adults. In this cross sectional study of 1209 adults aged 20–30y, (Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys 2003–2006) exposure variables were high EFF beverages, including HFCS sweetened soft drinks, and any combination of HFCS sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks (FD) and apple juice, referred to as tEFF. Analyses of diet soda and diet FD were included for comparison. The outcome was self-reported arthritis. Rao Scott Ҳ2 was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for confounders. Young adults consuming any combination of high EFF beverages (tEFF) ⩾5 times/week (but not diet soda) were three times as likely to have arthritis as non/low consumers (odds ratios=3.01; p⩽0.021; 95% confidence intervals=1.20–7.59), independent of all covariates, including physical activity, other dietary factors, blood glucose and smoking. EFF beverage intake is significantly associated with arthritis in US adults aged 20–30 years, possibly due to the intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs.
Shulamith Firestone: Radical feminism and visions of the information society

Shulamith Firestone was a foundational second-wave feminist thinker. Firestone’s radical feminism argued for a future where technology was used to eliminate sexism by freeing women from childbirth and liberating both men and women from the patriarchal nuclear family. In many important ways, Firestone’s work is the precursor for contemporary cyberfeminist writing, especially the work of Donna Haraway. This paper examines Shulamith Firestone and her contribution to the information age.
Numerical Modeling of Buoyancy Induced Flow and Heat Transfer in a Rotating Chamber Under Zero Gravity Environment

Buoyancy induced flow and heat transfer in an artificial gravitational field produced by rotation was examined. A comparison was made between such flows and those produced in a stationary enclosure exposed to a terrestrial gravitational field. The computational results show that the structure of the buoyancy-induced flow fields is different for the two cases. Natural convection in an artificial gravity field is examined in terms of the ratio of artificial gravity buoyancy forces to viscous forces. Unlike a stationary enclosure in a terrestrial gravitational field, in an artificial gravity field there is no bifurcation in the Nusselt number behavior.
Abstract 01: High-dimensional data analysis in oncology.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) play a vital role in genome analysis and have potential benefit in study of carcinogenesis and cancer drug therapy. As the dimension of data is extremely large and shows large numbers of SNPs, representation as feature elements with respect to cancer subject dataset. This research shows SNPs associations with cancer growth. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along with DNA microarrays provide the genetic variability in the study. As the data acquisition collects millions of data elements within genome and provides voluminous genetic information, arrays are best in the exploration of molecular medicine. Thus there is a major requirement of efficient mathematical modeling to conduct genome-wide pattern searches for SNPs associations with phenotype. Objective: To analyze high dimensional datasets of oncology to detect cancer, cancer prognosis, identifying gene expression that is responsible for tumor formation and assess the potential of these machine learning algorithms in identifying cancer. Methods: Oncology high dimensional data sets were fed into the database. Subjects investigated were primarily from the brain tumor family, such as •Acoustic Neuroma, Astrocytoma: ∘Grade I - Pilocytic Astrocytoma ∘Grade II - Low-grade Astrocytoma ∘Grade III - Anaplastic Astrocytoma ∘Grade IV - Glioblastoma (GBM) •Chordoma •CNS Lymphoma •Craniopharyngioma •Other Gliomas: ∘Brain Stem Glioma ∘Ependymoma ∘Mixed Glioma ∘Optic Nerve Glioma ∘Subependymoma •Medulloblastoma •Meningioma •Metastatic Brain Tumors •Oligodendroglioma •Pituitary Tumors •Primitive Neuroectodermal (PNET) •Other Brain-Related Conditions •Schwannoma •Brain Stem Glioma •Craniopharyngioma •Ependymoma •Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (JPA) •Medulloblastoma •Optic Nerve Glioma •Pineal Tumor •Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET) •Rhabdoid Tumor. A mathematical framework is proposed that runs machine-learning algorithms to predict and forecast disease and assess the gene profiling. Proposed Wavelet Transform is able to hold a large amount of data and reduce data dimensions. Feature selection and feature extraction provides the relevant information that is required for the cancer detection and mapping with SNPs. Results: Identified were the following: TP53 mutations, PDGF/PDGFR expression, EGFR/MDM2 amplification, CDKN2A and PTEN mutation and deletion for precursor cells to Glioblastoma IV and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma IV with the 10 - 19 p loss. Conclusions: Proposed mathematical framework and machine learning algorithm is extremely fast for the computation of large volume of data and provides an approximation of cancer recurrence Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: Akash Singh. High-dimensional data analysis in oncology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 01.