cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lingual tonsillectomy with the PlasmaBlade

The most common indication for lingual tonsillectomy is lingual tonsil hypertrophy that causes sleep-disordered breathing and occasional dysphagia. A less-frequent indication is chronic lingual tonsillitis. Lingual tonsillectomy is warranted in cases where these symptoms are not alleviated with appropriate medical management. These patients are at risk for perioperative airway obstruction, and a detailed plan for airway management should be worked out with the anesthesia team before surgery. Exposure is often the most difficult part of the procedure; this can be accomplished either with suspension laryngoscopy or with a transoral endoscope. Likewise, lingual tonsil tissue can be removed in a variety of ways. Our preferred method is with coblation technology with transoral endoscopic visualization. This article reviews current concepts regarding patient evaluation, surgical technique, perioperative airway management, and potential complications.
Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse resolution ocean circulation models

Parametric representations of oceanic geostrophic eddy transfer of heat and salt are studied ranging from horizontal diffusion to the more physically based approaches of Green and Stone (GS) and Gent and McWilliams (GM). The authors argue for a representation that combines the best aspects of GS and GM: transfer coefficients that vary in space and time in a manner that depends on the large-scale density fields (GS) and adoption of a transformed Eulerian mean formalism (GM). Recommendations are based upon a two-dimensional (zonally or azimuthally averaged) model with parameterized horizontal and vertical fluxes that is compared to three-dimensional numerical calculations in which the eddy transfer is resolved. Three different scenarios are considered: 1) a convective ‘‘chimney’’ where the baroclinic zone is created by differential surface cooling; 2) spindown of a frontal zone due to baroclinic eddies; and 3) a wind-driven, baroclinically unstable channel. Guided by baroclinic instability theory and calibrated against eddy-resolving calculations, the authors recommend a form for the horizontal transfer coefficient given by 2 fM 2 2 k 5 a l 5 a l, N ˇRi where Ri 5 f2N2/M4 is the large-scale Richardson number and f is the Coriolis parameter; M2 and N2 are measures of the horizontal and vertical stratification of the large-scale flow, l measures the width of the baroclinic zone, and a is a constant of proportionality. In the very different scenarios studied here the authors find a to be a ‘‘universal’’ constant equal to 0.015, not dissimilar to that found by Green for geostrophic eddies in the atmosphere. The magnitude of the implied k, however, varies from 300 m2 s21 in the chimney to 2000 m2 s21 in the wind-driven channel.
Medicaid Patients in Dental School Clinics: Do Personal and Professional Experiences Matter?

The purpose of this study was to explore dental and dental hygiene students’ and faculty members’ personal experiences with Medicaid prior to coming to dental school as well as their professional/educational experiences with patients on Medicaid during their dental/dental hygiene education and how these experiences relate to their professional attitudes and behavior concerning treating patients on Medicaid. Survey data were collected from 317 dental students, fifty-five dental hygiene students, and fifty-seven clinical faculty members at the University of Michigan. The results showed that while responding students’ confidence concerning treating Medicaid patients increased over the course of their education, their intention to treat these patients actually decreased. The more personal experiences with Medicaid these students had before dental school, the more they enjoyed treating Medicaid patients, the more confident they were when treating these patients, and the more likely they were to treat these patients in the future. The more professional experiences these students had during dental school, the more they enjoyed treating Medicaid patients, and the more confident they were when treating these patients, but the less likely they were to treat them in the future. In conclusion, experiences with Medicaid before dental school as well as professional experiences during dental education correlated with later professional attitudes and behaviors. The implications of these findings for dental education are explored.
Milk stimulation with oxytocin.

Abstract 1. One hundred and forty consecutive patients in a double-blind study were used to evaluate the galactopoietic and galactokinetic effect of intranasal oxytocin. 2. Breast engorgement was prevented after the use of intranasal oxytocin in a high percentage of patients. 3. No statistical difference in length of nursing was noted between the oxytocin and control groups, but the oxytocin group definitely seemed to have less difficulty while they did nurse, i.e., greater nursing satisfaction.
A Fatigue-Life Model of a Rubber Bushing

Abstract A major performance requirement for a rubber bushing is durability. The model for fatigue life of a bushing given in Equation (4) was derived using an energy balance concept (energy available versus energy required to extend a tear). This model agreed well with test results. A design procedure was developed from the model which gives the optimum insert geometry for maximum bushing life.
Fiber Reinforced Alkali Activated Blended Cement Materials

Recently there has been renewed interest in the use of alkali activation to increase the rate of strength development in blended cements. The objective of this study was to examine the advantagesdisadvantages of using alkali activated blended cement materials with fiber reinforcing. There are advantages of the rapid set for certain applications.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INSIGHT IN COMMON RAVENS (CORVUS CORAX)

I presented four groups of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) with a problem that they had never encountered before. Could they demonstrate the solution to this problem without first practicing or learning the correct sequence of intermediary steps? The problem posed was the reaching of food suspended by a string. The solution required perching above the string and the food, reaching down, pulling up a loop of string, setting the looped-up string onto the perch, stepping onto the string, releasing the string with the bill while simultaneously applying pressure with the foot onto it, then reaching down again to repeat the cycle six to eight times in that precise order before finally securing a piece of dried meat. The results varied enormously between individuals. However, typically a bird approached the string nervously, pecked or briefly yanked on the string, repeated the approach when given another opportunity, extinguished the approach behavior, or suddenly did the entire string-pulling sequence correctly. One of the wild birds performed the entire sequence correctly on his first approach to the string, even though no other bird of that group had shown the behavior. After a bird had acquired the behavior it thereafter performed the behavior correctly without fail. Other behaviors were associated with successful string pull- ing. From their first trial, the four hand-reared individuals dropped the meat attached to string (and perch) if they were shooed from the perch. In contrast, other birds that were handed the food attached to string attempted to fly off with it, and it required five to nine trials before they refused to do so, apparently learning the consequences of this behavior. Other problems related to food presented on the dangling string also were solved without first overtly trying out the alternatives. These problems involved: (1) crossing the string with food with another string that held a rock; (2) using a novel string with food, next to the previously-rewarded "old" string; and (3) having food on string next to a rock on string, but with insertion of the string on the perch now displaced laterally. In contrast, the birds performed very poorly at some tasks where simple trial-and-error learning quickly would have resulted in appropriate responses. For example, three birds never once (in 79 trials) pulled the correct string in the crossed-strings experiments that another mustered with no trials. The results are discussed in terms of possible insight and alternative mechanisms, including innate behavior and learning. Received 22 June 1994, accepted 31 August 1994.
Transfer to x-irradiated rabbits of lymph node cells incubated in vitro with Shigella paradysenteriae.

SummaryCells were teased from the popliteal lymph nodes of rabbits which had not been injected with dysentery bacilli. These cells were incubated with dysentery bacilli in vitro and transferred to X-irradiated recipients. Agglutinins were detected in the sera of such recipients on the fourth day after transfer. When the cells were heated prior to transfer agglutinins did not appear during the first week after transfer. Similar results were obtained when suspensions of lymph node cells and suspensions of dysentery organisms were injected separately into irradiated rabbits.
Agency in Xinjiang County in 2011-2013 TB Sputum Smear Microscopy Results Analysis

Objective Agency in xinjiang county in 2011-2013 TB sputum smear microscopy results analysis through the analysis of 2011-2013 xinjiang agency county TB present situation and trend, to provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures. Methods Using the agency county in 2011-2013 TB report data of comprehensive analysis. By agency county center for disease control and prevention for suspected patients with sputum smear microscopy laboratory and follow-up.Results 2011-2013 three years agency county center for disease control and prevention of TB sputum smear microscopy in 729 cases, 89 cases of positive, accounted for 12.21%,among them: han ethnic group, 324 cases, 23 cases of positive, accounting for 7.10%; Positive minority 405 cases, 66 cases, accounting for 16.30%; Positive town 153 cases, 14 cases, accounting for 9.15%; Positive rural 576 cases, 75 cases, accounting for 13.02%.Conclusion Agency county in recent years the tuberculosis epidemic present obvious downward trend, urban population with the continuous improvement of living environment, the onset of population declined dramatically; Rural population incidence is markedly reduced, but still have certain base, should make full use of urbanization and also taken advantage of the housing projects, greatly improve the production and living environment of the masses, and strengthen the rural health education of the masses, improve the consciousness of prevention of tuberculosis(TB), is the key to the future prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Finding Home Ground: The Axioms of the Constitution

It was springtime in the Age of Clinton. The first spring, that is, in the first Congress, with a Democratic majority in both houses, and a Democratic president in the White House, the first alignment of this constellation since 1980. But that earlier Democratic president was Jimmy Carter, who professed to regard abortion as a regrettable thing, not to be promoted. He would do nothing as president to put the weight of the federal government in opposition to abortion, but neither would he do anything much to promote it. After the years of Reagan and Bush, the Democrats were once again in control of the Congress in 1993, but this time there was a president sprung from the generation of the baby boomers. He, too, professed in public to regard abortion as a regrettable thing – his hope, he said, was to make abortion “safe, legal – and rare.” But the first two items revealed the most important part of his state of mind: that he regarded abortion as an eminently legitimate choice, and with those premises in place the last point in his trinity was quickly rendered a deception. For Bill Clinton would do nothing to make abortion “rare.” In fact, quite the opposite: from the first moments of his presidency – in fact, even before he was sworn in as president – the documents were prepared for the first moves of his presidency, and in those moves he would rescind the executive orders of the Reagan and Bush presidencies that bore on abortion.
Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section.

The arterial network in the human vasculature comprises of ubiquitously present blood vessels with complex geometries (branches, curvatures and tortuosity). Secondary flow structures are vortical flow patterns that occur in curved arteries due to the combined action of centrifugal forces, adverse pressure gradients and inflow characteristics. Such flow morphologies are greatly affected by pulsatility and multiple harmonics of physiological inflow conditions and vary greatly in size-strength-shape characteristics compared to non-physiological (steady and oscillatory) flows 1 - 7. Secondary flow structures may ultimately influence the wall shear stress and exposure time of blood-borne particles toward progression of atherosclerosis, restenosis, sensitization of platelets and thrombosis 4 - 6, 8 - 13. Therefore, the ability to detect and characterize these structures under laboratory-controlled conditions is precursor to further clinical investigations. A common surgical treatment to atherosclerosis is stent implantation, to open up stenosed arteries for unobstructed blood flow. But the concomitant flow perturbations due to stent installations result in multi-scale secondary flow morphologies 4 - 6. Progressively higher order complexities such as asymmetry and loss in coherence can be induced by ensuing stent failures vis-a-vis those under unperturbed flows 5. These stent failures have been classified as "Types I-to-IV" based on failure considerations and clinical severity 14. This study presents a protocol for the experimental investigation of the complex secondary flow structures due to complete transverse stent fracture and linear displacement of fractured parts ("Type IV") in a curved artery model. The experimental method involves the implementation of particle image velocimetry (2C-2D PIV) techniques with an archetypal carotid artery inflow waveform, a refractive index matched blood-analog working fluid for phase-averaged measurements 15 - 18. Quantitative identification of secondary flow structures was achieved using concepts of flow physics, critical point theory and a novel wavelet transform algorithm applied to experimental PIV data 5, 6, 19 - 26.
Evolution of the Nervous System in Reptiles

This article provides an overview of how differences in brain organization of tetrapods might have evolved and how they can be recognized. The current views of reptilian taxonomy, with special emphasis on the relationship of turtles to other reptiles are reviewed. Reptilian sensory systems and regions are then described and compared with those of amphibians, birds, and mammals, noting features that have been especially divergent. Transitions from an amphibian-like state and to avian- and mammalian-like states are discussed.
Melatonin and Intractable Epilepsy

The relation of serum melatonin levels to sleep patterns and effects on seizure severity were evaluated in 23 children with intractable epilepsy compared to 14 with controlled seizures, in a study at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Practical Applications of Food Dehydration: A Review 1,2.

Removal of water from foods is one of the oldest methods of preserving foods. Today nearly all foods can be preserved by a variety of controlled dehydration processes. Many chemical and physical changes can take place during food dehydration and those changes determine the ultimate quality of the dried and rehydrated product. This review concerns some of the more common drying methods, selected drying processes for various foods and a summary of the nutritive value of dehydrated foods.
Expression of exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

327Background: Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) is a nuclear export chaperone that mediates the nuclear export of several proteins that are essential to growth regulation and tumor suppression. It was found to be overexpressed in several types of human malignancies and overexpression was found to be associated with poor prognosis. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is associated with very poor survival and currently has no effective treatment. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export are currently undergoing phase I and II clinical trials in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of XPO1/CRM1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) and its relation to survivin expression and proliferative activity as determined by the S-phase fraction (SPF). Methods: Sections of tissue microarray containing 77 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human PAC were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal antibodies to XPO1/CRM1, survivin, and for Cyclin A. The levels of XPO...
Stigmatizing attributions towards depression among South Asian and Caucasian college students

This study examined differences in stigmatizing attributions, affect, and treatment recommendations between South Asian and Caucasian college students in response to a vignette describing a hypothetical friend who was either male or female, and either South Asian or Caucasian, experiencing symptoms of depression. South Asian participants made significantly higher attributions of responsibility and reported more anger in response to the vignette compared to Caucasian participants, regardless of vignette ethnicity. Both South Asian and Caucasian participants attributed more responsibility and control to the vignette of the same ethnicity compared to the vignette of a different ethnicity, although this effect was slightly stronger for the South Asian participants. Exploratory analyses conducted to examine interactions between participant ethnicity and vignette gender yielded no significant effects. This study suggests that South Asians may have a more stigmatized view of depression than Caucasians, e...
Inventory Management Applications for Healthcare Supply Chains

Recently, the healthcare industry has started using inventory management applications to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in its supply chains. There is a rapid growth in the demand of drugs and diagnostic systems within the healthcare industry. The biggest challenge for health care supply chains is to manage inventory efficiently and keep up the satisfactory service level at the same time. In order to meet the increased demand of healthcare products, healthcare supply chain professionals must find efficient and effective ways to improve and optimize inventory. Moreover, perishability and disposability of many medical products have been major problems in healthcare supply chain management. The current managerial practices and conflicts among different stakeholders in health care supply chains are directly associated with the issue of inventory management. This literature review will introduce various inventory management applications that are mainly focused on minimizing inventory costs and increasing overall efficiency in healthcare supply chains. The uses of simulation, new technologies to track healthcare products, new managerial practices, optimization, and information sharing techniques have been discussed throughout this literature review. We have also discussed pharmaceutical inventory management strategies in great detail, as pharmaceuticals are one of the main products of healthcare supply chains.
Development of a Simple Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score for Risk Assessment of Emergency Department Patients With Sepsis.

Objectives:Sepsis-3 recommends using the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score followed by SOFA score for sepsis evaluation. The SOFA is complex and unfamiliar to most emergency p...
Cooperative Effects in Atomic Metal Vapors

In this article we present a summary of some of the preliminary work we have done at Columbia University on the observation of Dicke superradiance in atomic metal vapors. In addition we discuss optical three-wave mixing, a novel effect which is often observed to occur simultaneously with the Dicke superradiance.
Future Research Directions In Pulpal Biology, Endodontic Materials And, Endodontic Techniques

The rapid evolution of Endodontic as a dental speciality and the increasing demands to identify the biological basis for treatment have resulted in a plethora of research activities designed to address many unanswered questions. However, even with these undertakings, Endodontics has failed to receive the necessary support of investigators and support agencies around the world to pursue basic questions and treatment modalities which have been the subject of empiricism for years. While other dental disciplines garner the majority of available investigative dollars, "What's the big issue about this little tissue?" The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of research endeavors in the area of pulpal biology, directives for future investigative areas, perspectives on technological advances in endodontic therapy, and incentives and challenges to future pursuits.
Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocations and Physeal Injuries

A sternoclavicular joint anatomy review, along with discussion concerning closed treatment. Acute ligament repairs are indicated for posterior dislocations. A ligamentous reconstruction technique for chronic dislocations is demonstrated.
Using RNA-seq Data to Detect Differentially Expressed Genes

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology has become a major choice in detecting differentially expressed genes across different biological conditions. Although microarray technology is used for the same purpose, statistical methods available for identifying differential expression for microarray data are generally not readily applicable to the analysis of RNA-seq data, as RNA-seq data comprise discrete counts of reads mapped to particular genes. In this chapter, we review statistical methods uniquely developed for detecting differential expression among different populations of RNA-seq data as well as techniques designed originally for the analysis of microarray data that have been modified for the analysis of RNA-seq data. We include a very brief description of the normalization of RNA-seq data and then elaborate on parametric and nonparametric testing procedures, as well as empirical and fully Bayesian methods. We include a brief review of software available for the analysis of differential expression and summarize the results of a recent comprehensive simulation study comparing existing methods.
Definitions of Stability

Let CH = {ϕ ∈ C |ϕ| < H}, R+ = [O,∞]. In this section, we consider the system (3.1) with f(t,o) a o, t ∈ R+, f: R+ × CH is continuous and satisfies enough additional hypotheses to ensure that the solution x(σ,ϕ)(t) through (σ,ϕ) is continuous in (σ,ϕ,t) in the domain of definition of the function.
Mind the Gap: A Review of The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World by Sir Michael Marmot

The Health Gap documents the large and persistent health gaps that exist across and within relatively rich countries today. Marmot argues that in developed countries, poor health does not cause low incomes; rather, low socioeconomic status leads to poor health, but not because of proximate factors like differential health care access, which can explain only a small portion of these gaps. Therefore, to eliminate health gaps, policy should focus on the deep causes of disease: poverty, education, and occupational mobility, among others. While Marmot's ethical arguments are quite compelling, his recommendations are too strong given the current evidence. Policies need to be based on a clearer understanding of why things work, when, and for whom.
The role of tongue position in laryngeal contrasts: An ultrasound study of English and Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Many languages make a two-way laryngeal contrast in obstruents, but the phonological and phonetic characterization of these contrasts continues to be controversial. In English, utterance-initial /b d ɡ/ stops are often phonetically voiceless. Languages like Brazilian Portuguese, however, exhibit phonetic voicing for /b d ɡ/ stops utterance-initially. This study focuses on tongue position as an articulatory correlate of laryngeal contrasts. Results of an ultrasound study show that tongue position differences are similar for English and Portuguese despite VOT differences, although English speakers show more variation. Tongue root advancement/tongue body lowering is found in both English and Portuguese /b d ɡ/ stops, compared to /p t k/ counterparts. In addition to VOT, which reflects the timing of the oral and laryngeal gestures, the tongue position during closure may be an integral part of the articulatory properties of laryngeal contrasts. Results imply that these languages have different laryngeal gestures but share a similar supralaryngeal articulatory gesture, which may be necessary to distinguish between /b d ɡ/ and /p t k/ stops with respect to supralaryngeal cavity volume.
Using Water Chemistry to Understand Ancient Maya Land and Water Use Interactions

A major goal of Geoarchaeology is to understand complex societies and their relationship with the environment. The Ancient Maya encountered numerous environmental challenges to live in the tropical landscape of Mesoamerica. This research was intended to provide insight into Ancient Maya Collapse and Resilience, and provide environmental models for society now and in the future. Here we focused on using geochemistry, with special attention to water, as a tool for geoarchaeological understanding of ancient Maya land and water use potentials.
Effects of a Family-Based Diabetes Intervention on Family Social Capital Outcomes for Mexican American Adults:

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to test the effects of a culturally tailored family-based self-management education and social support intervention on family social capital with Mexican American...
South Dakota v. Wayfair: Way Unfair?

Has a $5.00 shipping fee ever made you second guess an online purchase? What about a sales tax? Apparently, our Supreme Court Justices pay no mind to the latter. South Dakota v. Wayfair annihilates the concept of tax-free online shopping and allows the states to compel online companies meeting certain arbitrary thresholds to collect and disburse sales tax from online consumers. Consequently, retailers must now devise complex collection schemes to accommodate even more complex collection requirements. This Article examines the historical context resulting in the formulation, and recent abrogation of, the physical-presence rule formerly shielding companies from the onerous, varied sales-tax regimes of the many states and the inconsistencies created by the rule’s absence. The author contends that Wayfair’s holding is an affront to the Commerce Clause and the doctrine of stare decisis. Moreover, the entire matter should have been deferred to Congress for review, in lieu of capricious judicial legislation. The author asserts that this decision is weak, at best, is contradictory to its alleged purpose, and is offensive to the concept of judicial precedent. The author concludes that our legislators are better equipped to research and solve this issue.
The Syntax of the Correlative οὕτως … ὥστε in John 3.16 in the Light of Parallel Constructions in the Ancient Greek Corpus

While it has recently become a common assumption that the traditional understanding of the grammar of John 3.16 (‘For God so loved the world that …’) is misleading or simply inaccurate, this article demonstrates on the basis of parallel constructions from the ancient Greek corpus that οὕτως … ὥστe, when used with ἀγαπάω, functions as a correlative intensifier–result pair, exactly as it is presented in the traditional understanding.
Wise Pattern Direct Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Review and Improved Outcomes Using Dermal Matrix.

Background The inverted T (Wise pattern) mastectomy for patients with macromastia or significant breast ptosis has evolved along with generalized techniques for breast reconstruction. We present a review of Wise pattern breast reconstruction along with our technique for direct to implant reconstruction using dermal matrix. Methods The literature was reviewed and an analysis of techniques and complications was performed. We present our series of patients incorporating dermal matrix and relatively large implants in direct to implant reconstruction. Results Of 18 breasts reconstructed only 2 failed. One caused by flap necrosis secondary to smoking and one as a result of preoperative radiation. Conclusion Wise pattern breast reconstruction using relatively large implants and dermal matrix in direct to implant reconstruction is a safe technique in selected patients with macromastia.
Joint Disease and Obesity: Opportunity for Multidisciplinary Investigation and Collaboration

Both obesity and joint disease are increasing at a rapid pace. Accompanying this growth in these disease states are interventions for them such as bariatric and orthopedic surgery. Obesity is a clear risk for the development and progress of joint disease. In addition, obesity can affect the outcomes of total joint replacement. Bariatric surgery provides relief from the burden of obesity and may affect the progression of joint disease and outcomes for total joint replacement. This chapter reviews the risks of obesity and joint disease and its treatment along with the benefit of bariatric surgery for the patient with both obesity and joint disease.
Population Genetic Inference With MIGRATE

Many evolutionary biologists collect genetic data from natural populations and then need to investigate the relationship among these populations to compare different biogeographic hypotheses. MIGRATE, a useful tool for exploring relationships between populations and comparing hypotheses, has existed since 1998. Throughout the years, it has steadily improved in both the quality of algorithms used and in the efficiency of carrying out those calculations, thus allowing for a larger number of loci to be evaluated. This efficiency has been enhanced, as MIGRATE has been developed to perform many of its calculations concurrently when running on a computer cluster. The program is based on the coalescence theory and uses Bayesian inference to estimate posterior probability densities of all the parameters of a user-specified population model. Complex models, which include migration and colonization parameters, can be specified. These models can be evaluated using marginal likelihoods, thus allowing a user to compare the merits of different hypotheses. The three presented protocols will help novice users to develop sophisticated analysis techniques useful for their research projects. © 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: First steps with MIGRATE Basic Protocol 2: Population model specification Basic Protocol 3: Prior distribution specification Basic Protocol 4: Model selection Support Protocol 1: Installing the program MIGRATE Support Protocol 2: Installation of parallel MIGRATE.
Clonal Hematopoiesis as a Model for Premalignant Changes During Aging

Over the course of the human life span, somatic DNA mutations accumulate in healthy tissues. This process has been most clearly described in blood and bone marrow, esophagus, colon, and skin, but cumulative DNA damage likely affects all tissues of the body. Although most acquired genetic variants have no discernable functional consequences, some randomly occurring somatic mutations confer a relative fitness advantage on a single stem cell and its progeny compared with surrounding cells, which may lead to progressive expansion of a clone (i.e., a genetically identical group of cells). When these mutations occur in a cell with the capacity to self-renew and expand, the mutations persist, and such clonal expansion is a risk factor for further mutation acquisition and clonal evolution. Hematopoietic stem cells are a special case of clonal expansion because both the stem cells and their blood cell progeny circulate in large numbers, and these cells are not subject to some of the anatomical restrictions that characterize other tissues in which somatic mutations conferring a fitness advantage also occur. Therefore, clonally restricted hematopoiesis can have biological and clinical consequences that are distinct from clonal expansions in other tissues. Such consequences include not only clonal progression to overt myeloid neoplasia (or, less commonly, to lymphoid neoplasia) driven by acquisition of secondary mutations in the cells of the expanded clone, but also cardiovascular events and, most likely, other diseases that are influenced by aberrant function of mutant blood cells. A more detailed understanding of how clonal hematopoiesis arises and how clonal selection and expansion occur, as well as development of strategies to avert the clinical consequences associated with clonal hematopoiesis, may both improve public health and yield more general insights into the biology of aging.
The Walker Art Center’s Cuban Contemporary Art

When it comes to Cuban contemporary artists, people often think of the names Wifredo Lam, Carmen Herrera and Tania Bruguera because their work combines Western abstract art, Latin American artistic traditions and Cuba’s local characteristics. Not only that, many Cuban artists have gained the opportunity to be known to the world because they entered the mainstream western art business platform. In November 2017, an exhibition Adios Utopia: Art in Cuban Since 1950 at the Walker Art Center in Minnesota, objectively displayed the panoramic view of modern and contemporary art in Cuba and broadened the narrative of Latin American contemporary art.
Keeping It Casual: Stripping Behaviors in Non-sex Worker Populations

Arguably due to the influence of raunch culture, stripping is now a normalized female behavior that is encouraged and may even be expected in Western culture. The purpose of the current studies was to examine the behavior of casual stripping in the general public and examine potential correlates and predictors of that behavior. We began by examining the traits that have been highlighted in past research that are often associated with professional stripping. Specifically, we examined parental rejection, sociosexuality, and personality traits. Overall, we produce evidence that sociosexuality and paternal neglect do predict engaging in casual stripping behaviors. This study is important because the behavior of ‘casual’ stripping is fairly common, yet virtually unexplored in current research. Additionally, the implications of this hypersexualized, but normalized, behavior can include debates in feminism theory, normalization of various sex behaviors, self-esteem, and the sexualization of young people.
MRI of [2-13 C]Lactate without J-coupling artifacts.

Purpose Imaging of [2-13 C]lactate, a metabolic product of [2-13 C]pyruvate, is over considerable interest in hyperpolarized 13 C studies. However, artifact-free imaging of a J-coupled nuclear spin species can be challenging due to the peak-splitting induced by the spin-spin interactions. In this work, two new techniques resolving these J-modulated artifacts are presented. Theory and methods The Product Operator Formalism (POF) of density matrix theory is used to both numerically and analytically derive the coherences arising during radiofrequency excitation and readout of a J-coupled spin system. A combination of computer simulations and experiments with [2-13 C]lactate and 13 C-formate phantoms are then used to verify the performance of two imaging methods. In the first approach, a quadrature imaging technique is used to eliminate scalar coupling artifacts via the combination of in-phase and quadrature images acquired at echo times differing by 1/2J with an echoplanar readout. The second approach employs a highly narrowband RF excitation pulse to image a single peak from the J-coupled doublet. Results Simulations using a numerical Shepp-Logan phantom, in vitro experiments using thermally polarized [2-13 C]lactate, thermally and hyperpolarized 13 C-formate phantoms, and in vivo imaging of [2-13 C]lactate produced in rat brain following injection of hyperpolarized [2-13 C]pyruvate show artifact-free images and demonstrate potential utility of these methods. Conclusion The quadrature imaging and the narrowband excitation techniques resolve the J-coupling induced ghosting and blurring artifacts present with conventional MRI of J-coupled signals such as [2-13 C]lactate.
Current Status on the Manufacturing of Nanomaterials for Proton Exchange Membrane Energy Systems by Vapor-Based Processes

Development of novel technologies for catalyst synthesis and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication is of primary importance for further improvement of the performance and economics of proto...
Longitudinal piglet sampling in commercial sow farms highlights the challenge of PRRSV detection

Processing fluids (PF) and family oral fluids (FOF) are population-based surveillance samples collected from 2- to 5-day-old piglets and due-to-wean piglets, respectively. Although they are described for the surveillance of PRRSV in sows and piglet populations at processing and weaning, there is limited information on their use in commercial herds. This observational study described PRRSV RNA detection over time in PF, FOF, and piglet serum collected from farrowing groups in commercial breeding farms with the objective of achieving robust, practical, and effective PRRSV surveillance protocols. Weekly PF (an aggregate sample of all litters processed in a week from each room), and FOF (a convenience sample attempted from at least 20 individual litters in at least one farrowing room each week) samples were collected from six PRRSV-endemic commercial breeding herds for up to 38 weeks. A total of 561 PF room samples, 2400 individual litter FOF samples, and 600 serum samples (120 pools of 5 samples) were collected during the study period and tested for PRRSV RNA. Data were evaluated for patterns of PRRSV RNA detection by specimen within farms over time. In particular, the detection of PRRSV was commonly sporadic over time within farms (weeks of PRRSV RNA negative results followed by one or more weeks of positive results); was often non-uniform within farms (negative and positive farrowing rooms at a given point in time); and PF and FOF testing results agreement was 75 and 80% at week and room level, respectively, demonstrating that both sampling methods could complement each other. Non-uniformity in PRRSV detection in rooms sampled within the same week and detection after ≥11 consecutive weeks of PRRSV negative PF and FOF results underline the challenge of consistently detecting the virus. These results suggest that monitoring protocols for breeding herds attempting PRRSV control or elimination can use both PF and FOF to improve PRRSV detection in suckling pig populations.
Fast food, soft drink and candy intake is unrelated to body mass index for 95% of American adults.

SummaryObjective Excessive intake of fast food, soft drinks and candy are considered major factors leading to overweight and obesity. This article examines whether the epidemiological relationship between frequency of intake of these foods and body mass index (BMI) is driven by the extreme tails (+/−2 standard deviations). If so, a clinical recommendation to reduce frequency intake may have little relevance to 95% of the population. Methods Using 2007–2008 Centers for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the consumption incidence of targeted foods on two non-continuous days was examined across discrete ranges of BMI. Data were analysed in 2011. Results After excluding the clinically underweight and morbidly obese, consumption incidence of fast food, soft drinks or candy was not positively correlated with measures of BMI. This was true for sweet snacks (r = 0.005, p = <0.001) and salty snacks (r = 0.001, p = 0.040). No significant variation was found between BMI subcategories in weekly consumption frequency of fast food meals. Conclusions For 95% of this study's sample, the association between the intake frequency of fast food, soft drinks and candy and BMI was negative. This result suggests that a strategy that focuses solely on these problem foods may be ineffective in reducing weight. Reducing the total calories of food eaten at home and the frequency of snacking may be more successful dieting advice for the majority of individuals.
Watermarking of Behavioral IPs: A Practical Approach

This paper proposes a practical method to watermark behavioral IP (BIPs) for High-Level Synthesis (HLS), such that the watermark can be unequivocally retrieved at the generated RTL code, while being unremovable. The main approaches to watermark BIPs so far have focus on modifying the HLS process by e.g. introducing watermarking-aware scheduling or register binding algorithms. The main problem with these approaches is that they involve having full control over the HLS tool's internal behavior, which is not practically possible. Specifically, state-of-the-art HLS tools do not allow this type of controllability. Hence, these approaches are currently impossible to be implemented. On the other hand, commercial HLS tools make extensive use of synthesis directives in the form of pragmas. In this work we make use of these synthesis directives to assign operations in the source code to specific functional units given in the technology library in order to create the watermark. Experimental results show that our proposed method is effective in creating strong watermarks, while practical at the same time.
Towards Automating Search and Classification of Protostellar Images

Research on the origins of planets and life centers around protoplanetary disks and protostars, for which the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) has been revolutionary due to its ability to capture high-resolution images with exceptional sensitivity. Astronomers study these birthplaces of planets and their properties, which determine the properties of any eventual planets. The ALMA science archive contains over a petabyte of astronomical data which has been collected by the ALMA telescope over the last decade. While the archive data is publicly available, manually searching through many thousands of unlabelled images and ascertaining the type and physical properties of celestial objects is immensely labor-intensive. For these reasons, an exhaustive manual search of the archive is unlikely to be comprehensive and creates the potential for astronomers to miss objects that were not the primary target of the telescope observational program. We develop a Python package to automate the noise filtration process, identify astronomical objects within a single image, and fit bivariate Gaussians to each detection. We apply an unsupervised learning algorithm to identify many apparently different protostellar disk images in a curated ALMA data set. Using this model and the residuals from a bivariate Gaussian fit, we can flag images of an unusual nature (e.g. spiral, ring, or other structure that does not adhere to a bivariate Gaussian shape) for manual review by astronomers, allowing them to examine a small subset of interesting images without sifting through the entire archive. Our open-source package is intended to assist astronomers in making new scientific discoveries by eliminating a labor-intensive bottleneck in their research.
Abstract MP36: Human Urinary Exosomes Contain Functional ACE2

The Ang II convertase and SARS-COV-2 co-receptor ACE2 is highly expressed on proximal tubules within the kidney. ACE2 is also present in urine and reportedly correlates with various renal pathologi...
Yoga for chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain: a pilot, randomized controlled trial.

To determine the feasibility of implementing a yoga intervention for cancer survivors with chronic CIPN pain, as well as the impact of the intervention on patient-reported outcomes. Cancer survivors with chronic CIPN pain were recruited from the breast, gastrointestinal, and gynecological oncology centers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive an 8-week yoga intervention or usual care. After 21/50 of participants were enrolled, the COVID-19 pandemic required the yoga intervention to be delivered virtually (i.e., Zoom). Pre- and post-intervention, participants self-reported CIPN and co-occurring symptom severity. Adherence to the intervention was defined as practicing ≥ 12 yoga sessions over the 8-week intervention period. Changes in patient-reported outcomes between groups were compared using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests. Participants (n = 28 yoga, n = 16 control) were mainly female (96%) and diagnosed with stage III/IV disease (66%). Overall, 19/28 (67.8%) of yoga group participants were adherent to the yoga protocol. Yoga group participants experienced significant within-group improvements in all patient-reported outcomes, including worst CIPN pain (median change = − 1.7, p 0.05) in changes in patient-reported outcomes between in-person (n = 6) or virtual (n = 15) yoga group participants. Yoga is a feasible non-pharmacological modality for cancer survivors with CIPN, but more information is needed regarding its impact on CIPN and other symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03824860 Oncology clinicians may consider referring cancer survivors to yoga for chronic CIPN pain, but yoga cannot be currently recommended as an efficacious treatment.
Whole-cell currents from noncultured human lens epithelium

Perforated patch techniques were used to measure whole-cell ionic currents in freshly dissociated human lens epithelial cells that had not been subjected to culture media or serum. With a 150 mmol/l K+ internal solution, the cells had resting voltages of -27.4 +/- 4.7 mV (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) and capacitances of 10.4 +/- 2.8 pF (mean +/- SD). The input resistance of the cells was 1.6 +/- 0.7 G omega (mean +/- SD) at large negative voltages. A delayed outwardly rectifying K+ current was found in most cells studied. Current magnitudes of 1-2 nA at +80 mV were common. The current had selectivities, activation time constants, deactivation time constants, open probability versus voltage relationships, and inactivations similar to those of the delayed rectifying K+ current found in many cell types and studied previously in cultured human lens epithelium. These results verify the existence, at high density, of these currents in noncultured human epithelial cells.
What is time-dependent density functional theory? Successes and Challenges

We discuss ongoing projects in ground-state density functional theory (DFT) before introducing some basic concepts in time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). The accuracy of simple approximations to transition frequencies and oscillator strengths is analyzed, developing scattering theory within TDDFT is discussed, and the importance of memory in fully time-dependent calculations is emphasized.
Charcot, Jean-Martin (1825–93)

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–93), French professor of anatomical pathology, is considered one of the founders of neurology. He participated in the reorganization of the fields of knowledge concerning the nervous system, which resulted in our current division between neurology, neuropsychology, experimental psychology, and psychoanalysis. His neurological work rests on discoveries such as the delineation of multiple sclerosis; of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Charcot's disease); of locomotor ataxia, with its peculiar arthropathies (Charcot's joints); and of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. He is also well known for his work on hysteria, which influenced Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and Pierre Janet (1859–1947). Keywords: Freud, Sigmund; Janet, Pierre; neuropsychology; hypnosis; hysteria; neurology; psychoanalysis