cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
You Can't Assess the Forest if You Can't Assess the Trees: Psychometric Challenges to Measuring Implicit Bias in Crowds

Payne, Vuletich, and Lundberg (this issue) propose that aggregated implicit bias scores can be used to quantify systemic prejudice operating in groups or “crowds.” We applaud them for their attempt...
Combination nivolumab- and cabiralizumab-associated acute bilateral anterior and posterior scleritis and anterior uveitis.

Abstract Purpose To report on a case of uveitis and scleritis resulting as an immune-mediated side effect of cancer immunotherapy with nivolumab and cabiralizumab. Observations Bilateral anterior nongranulomatous anterior uveitis and bilateral diffuse anterior and posterior scleritis occurred following the use of combination cancer immunotherapy. The uveitis and scleritis resolved following temporary discontinuation of nivolumab and cabiralizumab as well as systemic prednisone. Conclusions and importance Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of acute ocular inflammation developing with cancer immunotherapy. Systemic corticosteroids play a first-line role in managing such immune-mediated side effects.
The Health-Care System Related to the Aging Population

This chapter focuses on the health-care system programs and services available to the older adult population. Emerging services are also explored based on current health-care trends including the Affordable Care Act.
Rescue technique for a partially expulsed descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft.

Abstract Purpose To describe a novel surgical technique to rescue a partially expulsed DMEK graft after insertion. Observations We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with visually significant Fuchs endothelial dystrophy who underwent a DMEK surgery complicated by partial expulsion of the DMEK graft during insertion. To rescue the graft, MicroSurgical Technology (MST) forceps were inserted through a nasal paracentesis to grasp the DMEK graft and redirect it back into the anterior chamber. The surgical technique and postoperative outcomes are described. The partially expulsed graft was centered and attached successfully during surgery. Postoperatively, the patient required two rebubbling procedures, but achieved best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 vision 1 month after surgery. Conclusions and Importance: We describe an underreported complication and present a novel rescue technique for a partially expulsed DMEK graft that is effective and minimizes manipulation of the graft.
Parmelia sulcata as a Bioindicator of Air Pollution in Newfoundland, Canada

The global increase in air pollution has a number of consequences including damage to our environment and health. Bioindicators are living organisms which reveal certain qualities of our environment with their absence or presence. This is useful in identifying polluted areas in order to manage pollution levels. Parmelia sulcata is said to be a pollution-tolerant lichen and consequently a bioindicator. We wished to test P. sulcata's ability as a bioindicator, indicating poor air quality with its presence. We used randomized quadrat sampling of 80 trees over four municipalities on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada with increasing human populations as a proxy for pollution. Results suggest that P. sulcata is not an ideal bioindicator of high pollution. It was absent or diseased in areas of highest pollution and present in areas of low-medium pollution levels. We recommend further studies evaluate P. sulcata's potential as a bioindicator of low-medium air pollution.
A method for measuring precipitation parameters using radar reflectivity and optical extinction

A method is described by which radar reflectivity and optical extinction are used to determine precipitation parameters, such as liquid water content and rainfall rate, and an exponential approximation to the raindrop size spectrum. The improvement in the accuracy of the results over that which is possible using empirical relations is demonstrated by applying the method to a set of experimentally observed raindrop size spectra. It is also shown that the assumption of an exponential spectrum is not a necessary feature of the method and that any two parameter drop size distribution can be employed.
Anti-resorptive osteonecrosis of the jaws: facts forgotten, questions answered, lessons learned.

Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate and other anti-resorptive medications (ARONJ) has historically been a poorly understood disease process in terms of its pathophysiology, prevention and treatment since it was originally described in 2003. In association with its original discovery 11 years ago, non-evidence based speculation of these issues have been published in the international literature and are currently being challenged. A critical analysis of cancer patients with ARONJ, for example, reveals that their osteonecrosis is nearly identical to that of cancer patients who are naive to anti-resorptive medications. In addition, osteonecrosis of the jaws is not unique to patients exposed to anti-resorptive medications, but is also seen in patients with osteomyelitis and other pathologic processes of the jaws. This article represents a review of facts forgotten, questions answered, and lessons learned in general regarding osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Fast Response Dual Active Bridge Converter with Elimination of Transient DC Offset By Intermediate Asymmetric Modulation

Dual active bridge converters are attractive solution for bidirectional power conversion, but suffers from transient performance as load changes result in slower dissipation of dc offset produced in inductor and magnetizing current. Additionally, with dc offsets in magnetizing current, core saturation and high peak current may occur when repetitive load transients are applied. In this work, an asymmetric modulation scheme is proposed and its theoretical and simulated transient analysis is carried out. Additionally, zero average current control is proposed which eliminates the dc offset in both inductor and magnetizing current. Theoretical results were verified in PSIM simulation. Experimental verification has also been provided using a 100W prototype. The digital logic of the proposed asymmetric modulation has been implemented in an FPGA controller for experimental verification.
Poor sleep quality is associated with obesity and depression in farmers.

Background Farmers' work schedules can result in inconsistent sleep patterns which negatively impact health. Purpose To explore the relationships between sleep, obesity, and depression in working, older farmers and their spouses. Covariates included body mass index (BMI), age, and gender. Methods Sleep quality, BMI, and depression were assessed in farmers (n = 1,394) 50 years and older. Bivariate associations among all covariates (i.e., age, gender, BMI, sleep) and dependent variable (i.e., depression) were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Multivariable associations of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). BMI with other study variables were assessed using linear regression. Results BMI was positively associated with sleep apnea symptoms (p ≤ 0.0001) and CESD scores (p = 0.0006). Participants with difficulty falling asleep were more likely to have poor sleep quality (p ≤ 0.0001) and higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Increased age, female gender, higher BMI, sleep apnea symptoms, and poorer sleep quality were all predictive of higher depressive symptoms. Discussion Farmers have unique lifestyles that increase the risk of poor sleep. Screening for sleep pattern disruption and understanding its impact could result in lower rates of depression and obesity in this group of high-risk individuals.
The Formation of Massive Sulfide Ores in Black Shales of the Eastern Caucasus: Evidence from the Kizil Dere Orefield

Issues pertaining to the genesis of massive sulfide deposits (Kizil Dere and others) embedded in Jurassic black shales of the eastern Caucasus are discussed on the basis of field materials. Major structural-dynamic constraints along with structural, lithological, and mineralogical indicators of the formation of such deposits have been established. These deposits are epigenetic objects formed during active deformations of clayey sequences and migration of metagenic waters over sources of deep ore-conducting fractures in structural and other traps. Therefore, they can be referred to the metagenic-hydrothermal type.
Global reach and second-tier cities: An initial exploration of export activity from the bottom of the U.S. metropolitan hierarchy

Urban-economic research has long been dominated by a focus on the largest cities. Nonetheless, growing economic inequality and differences in connectivity throughout most advanced market economies ...
Josephson Devices as Tests of Quantum Mechanics Towards the Everyday Level

I review how, driven originally by foundational concerns and more recently by prospects of quantum computing, the idea of applying quantum mechanics to the motion of macroscopic variables such as the flux in a Josephson qubit went over the last 50 years from a theorists’ pipe-dream to an everyday engineering subject.
Lip swelling and constipation: Pretest probability of cutaneous signs for crohn's disease in the absence of typical gastrointestinal symptoms

We describe a female child in the first decade patient admitted to a children's hospital for lip swelling and constipation who was ultimately diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Her lip swelling resolved after the initial immunosuppression for her Crohn's disease. In this article, we discuss the pretest probability of cutaneous findings associated with inflammatory bowel disease in predicting a diagnosis of Crohn's disease in the absence of intestinal symptoms. Cutaneous findings including linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, lichen spinulosus, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are discussed.
Female Pelvic Surgery: Obliterative Vaginal Procedures

Colpocleisis is a successful operation with few complications, and postoperatively patients report minimal regret and significant improvement in quality of life. SUI should be evaluated preoperatively but may warrant postoperative reassessment based on patient symptoms. Concurrent procedures are associated with more risks and should be carefully chosen. Urgency urinary incontinence after these surgeries can be problematic and may require additional medical treatment. Overall, the procedure is an effective option in the properly selected patient.
Factors that impact fragility index and their visualizations.

Rationale aims and objectives As the recent literature has growing concerns about research replicability and the misuse and misconception of P-values, the fragility index (FI) has been an attractive measure to assess the robustness (or fragility) of clinical study results with binary outcomes. It is defined as the minimum number of event status modifications that can alter a study result's statistical significance (or non-significance). Owing to its intuitive concept, the FI has been applied to assess the fragility of clinical studies of various specialties. However, the FI may be limited in certain settings. As a relatively new measure, more work is needed to examine its properties. Methods This article explores several factors that may impact the derivation of the FI, including how event status is modified and the impact of significance levels. Moreover, we propose novel methods to visualize the fragility of a study's result. These factors and methods are illustrated using worked examples of artificial datasets. Randomized controlled trials on antidepressant drugs are also used to evaluate their real-world performance. Results The FI depends on the treatment arm(s) in which event status is modified, whether the original study result is significant, the statistical method used for calculating the P-value, and the threshold for determining statistical significance. Also, the proposed visualization methods can clearly demonstrate a study result's fragility, which may be useful supplements to the single value of the FI. Conclusions Our findings may help clinicians properly use the FI and appraise the reliability of a study's conclusion.
Molecular linkage between post-traumatic stress disorder and cognitive impairment: a targeted proteomics study of World Trade Center responders.

Existing work on proteomics has found common biomarkers that are altered in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study expands our understanding of these biomarkers by profiling 276 plasma proteins with known involvement in neurobiological processes using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Platform in individuals with both PTSD and MCI compared to either disorder alone and with unaffected controls. Participants were World Trade Center (WTC) responders recruited through the Stony Brook WTC Health Program. PTSD and MCI were measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Compared with unaffected controls, we identified 16 proteins associated with comorbid PTSD–MCI at P < 0.05 (six at FDR < 0.1), 20 proteins associated with PTSD only (two at FDR < 0.1), and 24 proteins associated with MCI only (one at FDR < 0.1), for a total of 50 proteins. The multiprotein composite score achieved AUCs of 0.84, 0.77, and 0.83 for PTSD–MCI, PTSD only, and MCI only versus unaffected controls, respectively. To our knowledge, the current study is the largest to profile a large set of proteins involved in neurobiological processes. The significant associations across the three case-group analyses suggest that shared biological mechanisms may be involved in the two disorders. If findings from the multiprotein composite score are replicated in independent samples, it has the potential to add a new tool to help classify both PTSD and MCI.
Effective Ca2+-doping in Sr1-xCaxFeO3-δ oxygen carriers for chemical looping air separation: A theoretical and experimental investigation

Abstract Perovskite iron oxides are promising oxygen carrying materials due to their effectiveness and the low cost of iron. The effect of Ca2+ doping on oxygen ion diffusion in Sr1-xCaxFeO3-δ (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5) is investigated by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental measurements. The oxygen ion diffusion is determined by two key factors of oxygen vacancy formation and migration. The DFT results show that the oxygen vacancy formation energies greatly decrease as Ca2+ content reaches x = 0.125, then gradually decrease with Ca2+ contents up to 0.375, and finally increase as the Ca content reaches x = 0.5. A combination of experimental thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results corroborate this trend for Ca2+ contents between 0 and 0.4. The Fe-O bonding dominates the effect of Ca2+ doping on the oxygen vacancy formation. Shortened Fe-O bonds cause the decrease in the formation energy at lower Ca2+ contents, while the lengthened bonds by FeO6 octahedron distortion cause the increase in the formation energy at higher Ca2+ contents. Kinetically, the oxygen migration barrier is lowered upon Ca2+ doping through the increasing lattice spacing for oxygen diffusion. Therefore, an appropriate Ca2+ doping of x = 0.125–0.375 promotes the oxygen ion diffusion in Sr1-xCaxFeO3-δ. Our findings provide the effective Ca2+ doping value for Sr1-xCaxFeO3-δ and a material design clue for the isovalent A-site doping system of oxygen carriers.
Design and synthesis of herboxidiene derivatives that potently inhibit in vitro splicing

Herboxidiene is a potent antitumor agent that targets the SF3B subunit of the spliceosome. Herboxidiene possesses a complex structural architecture with nine stereocenters and design of potent less complex structures would be of interest as a drug lead as well as a tool for studying SF3B1 function in splicing. We investigated a number of C-6 modified herboxidiene derivatives in an effort to eliminate this stereocenter and, also to understand the importance of this functionality. The syntheses of structural variants involved a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction as the key step. The functionalized tetrahydrofuran core has been constructed from commercially available optically active tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal. We investigated the effect of these derivatives on splicing chemistry. The C-6 alkene derivative showed very potent splicing inhibitory activity similar to herboxidiene. Furthermore, the C-6 gem-dimethyl derivative also exhibited very potent in vitro splicing inhibitory activity comparable to herboxidiene.
Integrating a Service-Learning Project into Management Accounting Coursework: Reflection and Outcome Assessment

Facing the complexity of the accounting profession and business environment, accounting educators should emphasize lifelong learning as an important component in the education delivery process. A service-learning project can be used to reinforce course content and to develop a variety of competencies including critical thinking, communication skills, leadership, a sense of civic responsibility and multicultural understanding. Since a real-life project is not well structured, students often cannot mechanically apply the principles or rules learned from textbooks and lectures. The objective of this paper to share the experience of incorporating structured reflection activities to service-learning project in order to help students make meaningful connections between their service experience and course contents.
Facing Justice: Ethical Choices in Representing Immigrant Clients

This Article explores the particular challenges encountered by an attorney when his client disclosed damaging information over the course of his representation in immigration court which conflicted with information that was previously on the record. In so doing, this Article attempts to address the broader question of how to apply ethical norms in an increasingly draconian legal environment. Attorney S confronted an ethical crisis at the eleventh hour of his case. The crisis was the result of competing obligations Attorney S had towards his client ('Bertha Harwood') and the tribunal when his client provided him with certain information after her Individual Hearing that conflicted with information on the record. The Article examines the process by which Attorney S assessed his ethical obligations towards his client of zealous advocacy and confidentiality and his competing duty of candor toward the tribunal under both the Model Rules of Professional Conduct ('Model Rules') [FN12] and the EOIR Rules of Professional Conduct. [FN13] Specifically, the attorney in this case grappled with the question of whether he had to take remedial action under the rules, and if so, what remedial measures were appropriate. After much reflection, he chose a course of action that reframed certain questionable evidence but which favored the interests of his client over absolute candor towards the tribunal. Although he ultimately concluded that he was acting within the bounds of the relevant rules, Attorney S recognized that the choices he made tested the outer limits of his ethical obligation of candor toward the immigration court, and that a more cautious attorney might have made different ethical choices.
The changing face of US patent law and its impact on business strategy

Contents: Introduction PART I: INFLUENCES ON PATENT POLICY 1. Coalition Formation and Battles to Effect Intellectual Property Policy Change in the Age of ACTA, AIA and the SHIELD Act 2. Administrative Patent Levers in the Software, Biotechnology and Clean Technology Industries PART II: REVISIONS TO PATENT APPLICATION PROCESS 3. The America Invents Act, Patent Priority, and Supplemental Examination 4. Inequitable Conduct after Therasense and the America Invents Act 5. The Patenting of a Profession - Accounting in the Crosshairs PART III: CHANGES TO THE SCOPE OF ENFORCEMENT AND INFRINGEMENT 6. Unexpected Hazards of a Specialized Patent Court: Lessons from Joint Infringement Doctrine 7. The Transformation of Patents into Information Containment Tools 8. Will the America Invents Act Post-grant Review Improve the Quality of Patents? A Comparison with the European Patent Office Opposition PART IV: EMERGENCE OF EXCLUSION SYSTEMS BEYOND PATENTS 9. Biopharmaceuticals under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Determining the Appropriate Market and Data Exclusivity Periods
First-fit coloring on interval graphs has performance ratio at least 5

First-fit is the online graph coloring algorithm that considers vertices one at a time in some order and assigns each vertex the least positive integer not used already on a neighbor. The maximum number of colors used by first-fit on graph G over all vertex orders is denoted � F F ( G ) .The exact value of R : = sup G � F F ( G ) ω ( G ) over interval graphs G is unknown. Pemmaraju, Raman, and Varadarajan (2004) proved R � 10 , and this can be improved to 8 . Witsenhausen (1976) and Chrobak and �lusarek (1988) showed R � 4 , and �lusarek (1993) improved this to 4.45 . We prove R � 5 .
Analysis of Dose–Response Uncertainty Using Benchmark Dose Modeling

The issue of combining response data is first addressed by determining if the individual data sets are similar conceptually. That is, can they be considered to belong to the same population? The statistical aspect of pooling the data is addressed by assessing the net deviance (-2 x optimized log-likelihood ratio) between the dose-response model fits to the pooled data set and the individual data sets, assuming a specific dose-response family (Stiteler et al., 1993). The test statistic is Dpool – EDi, where Dpool is the deviance of the pooled data model fit and EDi is the sum of the individual model fit deviances from the same fitted model. Data are pooled by combining all dose groups into one data set, keeping each group intact, including controls (i.e., not by summing animals and responders into single groups for the same dose). The test statistic is compared to a Chi-squared distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the difference between the sum of the number of individual model parameters minus the number of parameters in the pooled-data model. As a convention, the probability is reported as 1 – pchisq, where pchisq is the cumulative probability of the Chi-squared distribution, with values greater than 0.05 accepted as adequate for pooling the data.
Ventral simultanagnosia and prosopagnosia for unfamiliar faces due to a right posterior superior temporal sulcus and angular gyrus lesion.

We report a patient with ventral simultanagnosia, prosopagnosia for “unfamiliar faces” (dorsal prosopagnosia), spatial agraphia, and constructional disorder, particularly on the left spatial side, due to a lesion in the right posterior superior and middle temporal gyri and angular gyrus. The patient showed impairment of fundamental visual and visuospatial recognition, such as in object size, configuration, and horizontal point location, which probably underlay the mechanism of simultanagnosia and prosopagnosia. This case also suggests that the coexistence of simultanagnosia and prosopagnosia results from a right hemispheric insult, and damage to the temporoparietal area interrupts the incorporation of spatial information into object recognition. This disconnection of information flow, together with impaired object recognition per se, may impair the parallel processing of multiple objects, leading to object-by-object or part-by-part recognition.
Generalized argyria secondary to chewing photographic film. Report of a case

Abstract Systemic argyria can result from the ingestion of silver salts or silver protein colloids. A case of systemic argyria that has persisted for 16 years secondary to chewing of photographic film is reviewed.
Prophetic at Any Price? Clergy Political Behavior and Utility Maximization

Objective. I examine the degree to which U.S. clergy might be considered utility maximizers in determining whether to undertake political behavior among their parishioners. Specifically, I investigate whether mainline Protestant clergy elect not to engage in political activities due to a general concern that their behavior might lead to a downturn in parishioner contributions. Methods. Six maximum likelihood models are employed to analyze survey data of clergy in the Presbyterian Church, USA, and the Episcopal Church, USA. Results. Evidence from six maximum likelihood models shows that clergy are less likely to undertake political behavior when this financial motive is in play, suggesting that even religious elites are susceptible to the maximization motive. Conclusions. These results have implications for elites in voluntary organizations more generally. An example is interest group leaders who might be compelled to take the views of their rank-and-file members into account in making policy when group solvency is a concern. Overall, these findings advance the literatures on clergy politics, interest groups, and elite theory, and recommend a reexamination of the general assumptions about elite influence in organizational settings—both religious and secular.
Inversion formula and singularities of the solution for the backprojection operator in tomography

Let R*[ := fS2 (a, a x)da, x EE R, be the backprojection operator. The range of this operator as an operator on non-smooth functions R*: X := Lo(S'-1 xR) -L2 (R') is described and formulas for (R*l)are derived. It is proved that the operator R* is not invective on X but is invective on the subspace Xe of X which consists of even functions p (ca, p) = /'(-ca, -p). Singularities of the function (R* )-1 h are studied. Here h is a piecewise-smooth compactly supported function. Conditions for p, to have compact support are given. Some applications are considered.
Embracing Their Memory: Loss and the Social Psychology of Storytelling

Centering not on just death and dying, but on the broader topic of loss, this sensitively written book uses stories and personal accounts to convey the widespread implications of losing someone dear to us. Several quotations from literature and personal experience are scattered throughout to further emotional and spiritual engagement on the part of the reader.
Crime Control as Mediated Spectacle: The Institutionalization of Gonzo Rhetoric in Modern Media and Politics

This study examines contemporary crime and punishment discourse in mass media to better understand the institutionalization of hyper-punitive sanctions as acceptable forms of social control. Our principal focus is on gonzo rhetoric, or the discourse and symbolism used to promote and justify exaggerated acts of punishment. Using a content analysis of 136 broadcast transcripts, we examine the rhetorical techniques employed by Sheriff Joe Arpaio, of Maricopa County, Arizona, in order to show how this brand of “crime talk” has become a central component of modern crime control culture. We suggest that the appeal of gonzo rhetoric is rooted in longstanding cultural assumptions about crime and disorder.
Regeneration of a Central Synapse Restores Nonassociative Learning

Sensitization is a form of nonassociative learning in which a strong or noxious stimulus persistently enhances the response produced by a weaker stimulus. In the leech Hirudo medicinalis, the S-interneuron is required for sensitization of the shortening response. A single S-cell axon was surgically separated from its sole synaptic partner, the neighboring S-cell. This consistently eliminated sensitization without impairing reflexive shortening itself, as measured in semi-intact specimens. Sensitization of the shortening reflex returned after 3 weeks when the severed axon grew and regenerated its specific electrical synapse within the nerve cord, as shown by restored conduction of impulses between S-cells. This confirms the essential role of one neuron, the S-cell, in sensitization, and it demonstrates that regeneration of the synapse between S-cells restores this example of nonassociative learning.
The nucleotide phosphohydrolase activity of chick embryo fibroblasts

Abstract The properties and distribution of nucleotide phosphohydrolase were examined in intact and broken preparations of chick embryo fibroblasts. These cells have a specific ADPase (EC 3.6.1.6) associated preferentially with the plasma membrane. This nucleotide diphosphate was hydrolyzed at an optimum of pH 7.8 and at a Mg 2+ to ADP ratio of 1:1 . The conditions for maximum hydrolysis of ATP by ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) were established with respect to protein concentration, pH and mono- and divalent ion specificity and concentration.
Compressible isotropic strain energies that support universal irrotational finite deformations

Analysis of the condition for universal deformations in compressible finite elasticity leads to the identification of two classes of strain energies that support universal irrotational deformations. These classes represent a significant generalization of the classes of strain energies for which universal deformation solutions have been hitherto available. Closed form solutions are presented for cylindrically and spherically radial irrotational deformation for all of these strain energies. Some questions about maximality of some classes of strain energies that support cylindrically radial universal deformations are resolved.
Technology and privacy erosion in United States libraries: a personal viewpoint

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how technology, in libraries in the USA, erodes privacy on a number of levels. It aims to use examples to point out directly how and where the privacy issue can impact on daily lives.Design/methodology/approach – The literature review encompassed many articles and books on the issues of privacy and anonymity, and the effects of sometimes invisible data leaks.Findings – There were complex issues dealing with vendors and hackers accessing private information and subsequent use of the private data collected.Research limitations/implications – Only small indicators of the overall problem have been seen. Much more has to be investigated and learned.Practical implications – Those who agree with this point of view substantiated by research can learn to protect themselves more effectively when “online.”Originality/value – Although much has been written about the problem, few articles offer concrete solutions to the problems.
Dietary strategies for cancer prevention

Background. Two-thirds of cancer cases are associated with two lifestyle practices: 35% with the typical American diet, and 30% with tobacco use. In contrast to the field of tobacco control, research and resources dedicated to the field of nutrition have been limited, in part because dietary change has been considered controversial and requires a more complex set of interventions. Methods. This series of papers reviews the science base underlying diet as a cancer control strategy, including research about diet-cancer relationships, current nutrition policy recommendations, American dietary trends, models of dietary behavior change, and diet in health care delivery
Structural changes in intermediate filament networks alter the activity of insulin-degrading enzyme

The intermediate filament (IF) protein nestin coassembles with vimentin and promotes the disassembly of these copolymers when vimentin is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis. The aim of this study is to determine the function of these nonfilamentous particles by identifying their interacting partners. In this study, we report that these disassembled vimentin/nestin complexes interact with insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). Both vimentin and nestin interact with IDE in vitro, but vimentin binds IDE with a higher affinity than nestin. Although the interaction between vimentin and IDE is enhanced by vimentin phosphorylation at Ser-55, the interaction between nestin and IDE is phosphorylation independent. Further analyses show that phosphorylated vimentin plays the dominant role in targeting IDE to the vimentin/nestin particles in vivo, while the requirement for nestin is related to its ability to promote vimentin IF disassembly. The binding of IDE to either nestin or phosphorylated vimentin regulates IDE activity differently, depending on the substrate. The insulin degradation activity of IDE is suppressed approximately 50% by either nestin or phosphorylated vimentin, while the cleavage of bradykinin-mimetic peptide by IDE is increased 2- to 3-fold. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the nestin-mediated disassembly of vimentin IFs generates a structure capable of sequestering and modulating the activity of IDE.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of [PPN]+2[RuIr4(CO)9(μ2-CO)6]2-

The dianion [RuIr 4 (CO) 15 ] 2- has been obtained by reductive carbonylation of mixtures of Ir 4 (CO) 12 and RuCl 3 · χ H 2 O, and the bis(triphenylphosphine)-iminium salt has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal data: [((C 6 H 5 ) 3 P) 2 N] 2 [RuIr 4 (CO) 15 ], space group P ( Z  2), a  11.425(3), b  14.141(2), c  25.979(5) A, α  84.55(1), β  83.53(2), γ  80.71(2)°. The mixed-metal cluster has a structure with an elongated trigonal bipyramidal array of metal atoms in which Ru occupies an apical position. The anion is unstable in vacuum or in an N 2 atmosphere yielding predominantly another mixed-metal species which is not as yet fully characterized. Upon reexposure to CO, this latter species is converted back to [RuIr 4 (CO) 15 ] 2- , plus additional products.
Learning non-redundant codebooks for classifying complex objects

Codebook-based representations are widely employed in the classification of complex objects such as images and documents. Most previous codebook-based methods construct a single codebook via clustering that maps a bag of low-level features into a fixed-length histogram that describes the distribution of these features. This paper describes a simple yet effective framework for learning multiple non-redundant codebooks that produces surprisingly good results. In this framework, each codebook is learned in sequence to extract discriminative information that was not captured by preceding codebooks and their corresponding classifiers. We apply this framework to two application domains: visual object categorization and document classification. Experiments on large classification tasks show substantial improvements in performance compared to a single codebook or codebooks learned in a bagging style.
How the ACS gets it wrong: The story of the American Community Survey and a small, inner city neighborhood

Abstract In 2010, the long form Decennial Census was not used for the first time in several decades, replaced instead by the American Community Survey (ACS). While the ACS has been collecting data for more than a decade, the first census tract results were released in 2010. The ACS collects its data based on a rolling sample. It is purported to have many advantages over the Decennial Census, including frequently updated data, less overall cost, and better coverage. We have found, however, that the ACS can produce highly inaccurate data, in part because of reliance on extremely small samples in sparsely populated neighborhoods. We explore these dynamics through a community survey which replicates ACS questions while employing the old Decennial Census long form sampling strategy of requesting information from one in six households in a single inner city census tract in Nashville, Tennessee. Our results show that the ACS has grossly underestimated the total population and the number of people living in poverty in the neighborhood, among other variables of interest. Through an examination of the number of census tracts with very small sample sizes and a comparison of recent ACS results with the 2010 Decennial Census, we show that the problems identified in this single tract occur throughout the country. In addition, we consider how statistical profiles of neighborhoods derived from the ACS and other data sources enable wide ranges of action in those neighborhoods, action which can be harmful given inaccurate and/or decontextualized data.
Discussion: Water Resource Economics

[5] BREWSTER, JOHN M., "The Impact of Technical Advance and Migration on Agricultural Society and Policy," J. Farm Econ. 41:1169-84, Dec. 1959. [6] CASTLE, EMERY N., "The Economics of Massive Inter-basic Water Transfers," seminar paper presented to the Water Resources Center at Washington State University on April 15, 1968. (To be published.) [7] , "The Market Mechanism, Externalities, and Land Economics," J. Farm Econ. 47:542-556, Aug. 1965. [8] CASTLE, EMERY N., AND HERBERT STOEVENER, "Water Resources Allocation, Extramarket Values and Market Criteria: A Suggested Approach," Oregon Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Paper 2387, presented to the Irrigation and Drainage Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Sacramento, California, Nov. 1, 1967. [9] CASTLE, EMERY N., MAURICE KELSO, AND DELWORTH GARDNER, "Water Resources Development: A Review of the New Federal Evaluation Procedures," J. Farm Econ. 45:693-704, Nov. 1963. [10] CAUFIELD, HENRY P., "The Policy Framework for Economic Analysis in Comprehensive River Basin Planning," paper given at Conference on Economic Analysis in Comprehensive River Basin Planning, Washington, D.C., March 1213, 1968. [11] CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V., "Benefit-Cost Analysis and Public Resource Development," in Economics and Public Policy in Water Resource Development, ed. Smith and Castle, Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1964, pp. 9-21. [12] HImSCHMAN, ALBERT O., The Strategy of Economic Development, New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1959. [131 HOWE, CHARLES W., "Water Resources and Regional Economic Growth in the United States, 1950-1960," Southern Econ. J. 34:477-489, April 1968. [14] KELSO, M. M., "The Criterion Problem in Decision-Making for Public Investment," Rep. 15, Conference Proceedings on the Economics of Water Resources Development of the Western Agricultural Economics Research Council, Las Vegas, Nevada, December 7-9, 1966. [15] LEWIS, W. ARTHUR, "Is Economic Growth Desirable?" in The Theory of Economic Growth, Homewood, Ill., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1955, pp. 478--491. [16] MAASS, ARTHUR, "Benefit-Cost Analysis: Its Relevance to Public Investment Decisions," in Water Research, ed. Kneese and Smith, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1965, pp. 311-328. [17] U.S. Congress, Flood Control Act of 1936, 49th Statute 1570. [18] U.S. Senate, Policies, Standards, and Procedures in the Formulation, Evaluation, and Review of Plans for Use and Development of Water and Related Land Resources, Senate Doc. 97, 87th Cong., 2d Sess., May 29, 1962. [19] WHITE, GILBERT F., Social and Economic Aspects of Natural Resources, National Research Council Pub. 1000G, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 1962. DAVID J. ALLEE
Fault tolerance for fight-through: a basis for strategic survival

Concepts from the domain of fault-tolerant computing cannot be merely adopted for cyber defense; instead they have to be adapted.
Tearing of thin polyimide films

Films of BTDA-ODA polyimide up to 58 microns thick were torn at constant cross-head speed in 'trousers' tests. In common with previous results on polyolefins, the work of tearing was found to increase markedly with specimen thickness. A model for the increase, based on the volume of plastically deformed material adjacent to the crack plane, was found to be only qualitatively valid. The experimental slope of a plot of tearing energy (per unit area) against thickness was 70 MJ/cu m. Optical and scanning electron micrographs of torn films are discussed in regard to the modes of failure.
Advanced event scheduling methodology: advanced event scheduling methodology

Simulation Event Graphs (SEGs) are a graphical representation one of the three major simulation world views, event scheduling. This paper describes four advanced modeling techniques that allow the simulation practitioner to gather a great deal of information at relatively little development and/or processing effort beyond that of developing the simulation model.
Radiation therapy and malignant degeneration of benign supratentorial gangliogliomas.

OBJECTIVE: Gangliogliomas are indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates to a histologically malignant form. This study reviews four cases of histologically proven benign ganglioglioma that later demonstrated malignant features within the glial component of the tumor. Features common to each case are analyzed, and similar cases from the literature are reviewed. METHODS: The records of 42 supratentorial gangliogliomas operated on at our institution since 1985 were reviewed. Special attention was paid to histological characteristics, use of adjuvant radiotherapy, time to tumor recurrence, and histology of the recurrent tumor. RESULTS: Of the 42 cases of gangliogliomas, 29 were initially histologically benign. Of these 29, 14 received postoperative radiation therapy and 14 did not; it was unclear whether one patient received adjuvant radiotherapy, and this patient was excluded from further analysis. Four benign gangliogliomas exhibited malignant degeneration of the glial component. These four all occurred in patients who had undergone postoperative irradiation. The time to identified histological change within recurrent tumors averaged 65 months (range, 22-144 mo). CONCLUSION: All of the benign gangliogliomas undergoing malignant change had postoperative radiation therapy as a common feature. This represents a potential correlation that requires further study.
Sensitivity of the multiple-scattering speckle pattern to the motion of a single scatterer.

Presentation d'un calcul analytique de l'influence du changement des positions d'une fraction finie des diffuseurs sur les coefficients de transmission de l'intensite angulaire et sur la transmission totale, pour des systemes bi- et tridimensionnels. Les resultats suggerent que ces changements, en particulier pour les systemes bidimensionnels, sont tres significatifs
Automated tracking of ice floes: a stochastic approach

A method for tracking ice floes in sequential satellite imagery is presented. The approach, based on probability distributions, directly incorporates the spatial information about feature locations into the estimation procedure. Given an image taken at time t/sub 0/, a probability model is used to determine how features in the image will appear at time t/sub 1/, and the probability distribution is used to identify features common to both images. The use of a probability model provides a means to measure the goodness of fit of the resulting matches. The features used are the outlines of sea ice floes observed in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images, although the method can be applied to any set of features. The floe outlines are found using an erosion-propagation algorithm which combines erosion from mathematical morphology with local propagation of information about floe edges. >
Effect of spiral antennas pulse distortion on the performance of ultra-wideband impulse radio systems

The bit error rate (BER) performance of time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) impulse radio employing spiral antennas is investigated. Two-arm equiangular and Archimedean spirals are considered. Analytical compensation technique is applied to reduce antennas dispersion and enhance the system's BER performance.
Maternal Serum Screening Markers and Adverse Outcome: A New Perspective

There have been a number of studies evaluating the association of aneuploidy serum markers with adverse pregnancy outcome. More recently, the development of potential treatments for these adverse outcomes as well as the introduction of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) screening for aneuploidy necessitates a re-evaluation of the benefit of serum markers in the identification of adverse outcomes. Analysis of the literature indicates that the serum markers tend to perform better in identifying pregnancies at risk for the more severe but less frequent form of individual pregnancy complications rather than the more frequent but milder forms of the condition. As a result, studies which evaluate the association of biomarkers with a broad definition of a given condition may underestimate the ability of such markers to identify pregnancies that are destined to develop the more severe form of the condition. Consideration of general population screening using cffDNA solely must be weighed against the fact that traditional screening using serum markers enables detection of severe pregnancy complications, not detectable with cffDNA, of which many may be amenable to treatment options.
Hemodynamic parameters of failing infrainguinal bypass grafts

Purpose To assess the relationship of duplex ultrasound hemodynamic parameters in stenotic vein grafts with events such as graft thrombosis or surgical revisions. Patients and methods We studied 35 patent infrainguinal bypass grafts that were observed by means of color duplex graft mapping using a surveillance protocol. Conclusion We conclude that stenotic vein grafts with a focal peak systolic velocity of at least 250 cm/s or a velocity ratio of at least 3.4 are at increased risk for thrombosis or need for revision. Asymptomatic stenotic vein grafts with focal peak systolic velocities and ratios less than the above values may be safely observed without immediate risk for thrombosis.
Heterokaryon Identification Through Simultaneous Fluorescence of Tetramethylrhodamine Isothiocyanate and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Labelled Protoplasts

Protoplasts were separately stained with the fluorescent dyes fluorescein iso-thiocyanate (FITC) and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC). Following fusion, doubly stained heterokaryons were identified under fluorescence microscopy by using the Zeiss filter set 48 77 05 (excitation filter 450-490 nm, dichroic reflector 510 nm, and barrier filter 520 nm) which allowed simultaneous fluorochrome emissions. Previously, either emisson spectrum, but not both, was possible for any single filter set.
Measurement of airborne and floor dusts in a nonproblem building

Part of a year-long study was to establish baseline measurements of airborne and surface dusts in a building. A four-story building was monitored with a laser particle counter (LPC) to characterize airborne particle size ranges of >0.5 to >15 m, a fine particle sampler (FPS) to measure 24-hour total airborne dust mass concentrations, and a high-volume small surface sampler (HVS3) to assess dust levels on floor surfaces. Monthly measurements were taken on each floor for 5 months. An improved cleaning regimen was instituted, and monitoring continued for 7 months. Mean LPC indoor particle counts correlated well with those outdoors (0.92). Mean LPC size distributions were similar on all floors, decreasing as particle size increased, and remained fairly constant over the study. FPS airborne dust mass concentrations were low throughout the building (5 to 11.5 g/m3). In comparing FPS and LPC measurements, mean 24-hour FPS total airborne dust mass measurements proved the most meaningful over a long term. LPC data...
Kinetics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis within the Inner Enamel Epithelium

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUALE CINETICA DEL SYNTHESE DE ACIDO DISOXYRIBONUCLEIC INTRA LE EPITHELIO ADAMANTIN INTERIOR.— Le differentiation del epithelio adamantin interior de dentes molar de rattos esseva examinate radioautographicamente post le injection de thymidina tritiate. Esseva analysate le procentage de marcate cellulas in le varie morphologicamente definibile areas, le augmento del numero de marcate cellulas post le prime division, le relation inter le numero de cellulas marcate e le numero de non-marcate mitoses, e le duration del stadio S. Un definite correlation pote esser establite inter morphologicamente identificabile stadios in le differentiation de epithelio adamantin interior e le procentage de marcate cellulas in omne gruppo individual. Tamen, un gradation intra omne gruppo suggere que-ben que omne le cellulas intra un area particular ha le mesme characteristicas morphologic—stadios de differentiation vermente existe. Le capacitate de experientiar additional division cellular declinava con l...