cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiations from Radioactive Gold, Tungsten, and Dysprosium

Level schemes are deduced for gold and tungsten from the measurement of beta-gamma and gamma-gamma coincidences, together with a knowledge of the energies of the various radiations emitted. The beta-ray spectrum of ${\mathrm{Au}}^{198}$ is simple with an end-point of 0.78 Mev. The residual nucleus emits two gamma-rays in cascade. ${\mathrm{W}}^{187}$ has a complex beta-ray spectrum. The high energy group has a maximum energy of 1.4 Mev while the one of lower energy has an end-point of 0.5 Mev and is followed by a 0.9 Mev gamma-ray and some other gamma-rays which give gamma-gamma coincidences. The dysprosium beta-ray end-point is 1.2 Mev and the maximum energy gamma-ray is 1.1 Mev.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from cyclohexene ozonolysis in the presence of water vapor and dissolved salts

Abstract A series of 90 experiments were conducted in the UC Riverside/CE-CERT environmental chamber to evaluate the impact of water vapor and dissolved salts on secondary organic aerosol formation for cyclohexene ozonolysis. Water vapor (low – 30 ± 2% RH, medium – 46 ± 2% RH, high – 63 ± 2% RH) was found to directly participate in the atmospheric chemistry altering the composition of the condensing species, thus increasing total organic aerosol formation by ∼22% as compared to the system under dry (
Stores to Die For

Genes that regulate apoptosis are well defined. In contrast, it has not been clear what genes are central to necrotic cell loss. In the September 27th issue of Neuron, Xu et al. (2001) report a critical role for genes that regulate storage and release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum as important to necrotic-like cellular degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices

Manufacturing firms operating in rapidly changing and highly competitive markets have embraced the continuous process improvement mindset. They have worked to improve quality, flexibility, and customer response time using the principles of Lean thinking. To reach its potential, lean must be adopted as a holistic business strategy, rather than an activity isolated in operations. The lean enterprise calls for the integration of lean practices across operations and other business functions. As a critical component for achieving financial control, management accounting practices (MAP) need to be adjusted to meet the demands and objectives of lean organizations. Our aim is to help both researchers and practitioners better understand how lean MAP can support operations personnel with their internal decision making, and operations executives and business leaders in their objective of increasing lean operations performance as part of a holistic lean enterprise strategy. We use survey data from 244 U.S. manufacturing firms to construct a structural equation model. We document that the extent of lean manufacturing implementation is associated with the use of lean MAP, and further that the lean MAP are related in a systematic way: simplified and strategically aligned MAP positively influences the use of value stream costing, which in turn positively influences the use of visual performance measures. We also find that the extent of lean manufacturing practices is directly related to operations performance. More importantly, lean manufacturing practices also indirectly affect operations performance through lean MAP. These findings are consistent with the notion that lean thinking is a holistic business strategy. In order to derive the greatest impact on performance, our results indicate that operations management cannot operate in a vacuum. Instead, operations and accounting personnel must partner with each other to ensure that lean MAP are strategically integrated into the lean culture. In sum, lean MAP provide essential financial control that integrates with and supports operations to achieve desired benefits.
The correlates and influences of career-related continuous learning: Implications for management professionals

Management personnel are increasingly aware that career success depends on the ability to continuously learn and adapt to the environment. However, scant attention has been paid to how learning activities contribute to managerial success. This study examines the degree to which involvement in career-related continuous learning affects managerial career success. Career success as defined in this study comprises both objective (ascendancy) and subjective (organizational commitment, professional commitment, career satisfaction) elements. Five hypotheses are tested using linear regression modeling. Results indicate that as individuals increase participation in career-related continuous learning, their managerial career success increases as well.
Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung with Polycythemia and Cor Pulmonale

A patient with unilateral hyperlucent lung manifested severe abnormalities of pulmonary function. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, polycythemia, and decompensated cor pulmonale occurred. It is postulated that these changes are secondary to complicating diffuse chronic bronchitis.
Fractal image analysis - Application to the topography of Oregon and synthetic images.

Digitized topography for the state of Oregon has been used to obtain maps of fractal dimension and roughness amplitude. The roughness amplitude correlates well with variations in relief and is a promising parameter for the quantitative classification of landforms. The spatial variations in fractal dimension are low and show no clear correlation with different tectonic settings. For Oregon the mean fractal dimension from a two-dimensional spectral analysis is D = 2.586, and for a one-dimensional spectral analysis the mean fractal dimension is D = 1.487, which is close to the Brown noise value D = 1.5. Synthetic two-dimensional images have also been generated for a range of D values. For D = 2.6, the synthetic image has a mean one-dimensional spectral fractal dimension D = 1.58, which is consistent with the results for Oregon. This approach can be easily applied to any digitzed image that obeys fractal statistics.
Colon and rectum cancer : patterns of spread and implications for workup

The preoperative evaluation of patients diagnosed as having colon or rectum cancer is influenced by the anatomic location of the primary tumors; the knowledge that 10-25% of patients harbor detectable metastases at time of initial diagnosis; the observation that as many as one-third of patients with isolated metastases may achieve significant survival benefit by aggressive surgery; and the need to accurately stage low rectum cancers to permit selection of appropriate surgery. Patients are evaluated by colonoscopy, air-contrast barium enema when required, computed tomography, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen. Magnetic resonance imaging, especially of the pelvis, may be useful, and endorectal ultrasound has an important role in staging low rectum cancer. A thorough preoperative evaluation is essential in selecting appropriate operative therapy and for sequencing surgery with available adjuvant treatments.
Quantitative histological evaluation of early fracture healing of cortical bones immobilized by stainless steel and composite plates.

Internal fixation devices of less bending stiffness than conventional plates made of stainless steel or vitallium were compared with conventional plates in a study of fracture healing. The material for this investigation was a fine graphite fiber reinforced methyl methacrylate resin composite with a modulus of elasticity approximately ten times less than that of stainless steel. Osteotomies were performed on canine radii. Internal fixation was accomplished by means of a composite plate on the left side, and a stainless steel plate on the right. Clinical assessment, as well as biomechanical and quantitative histological techniques, were used to compare osteotomy healing of the two sides. At four months, all osteotomies had healed and the bioengineering tests showed radii from the two sides had equivalent strength. However, significantly less cortical porosity was found in the side with the composite plate (6.8%), as compared to that of the stainless steel plated side (14%). These results suggest that a less stiff fixation plate may have some advantage in the treatment of long bone fracture if there is no implant failure, and if union rates are equivalent.
Relative fluxes of shock and prompt peaks in SEP event time profiles

Abstract Peak fluxes are an important property of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event time profiles from both astro/heliophysical and applications perspectives. However, the peak flux in an event may occur at the event onset, or at the time of the interplanetary shock arrival (the ESP or energetic storm particles). This makes an important difference in the interpretation of the peak flux, and in any attempts to characterize or model it. This paper describes a study of SEP data sets from ACE, IMP-8 and GOES toward determining the relative properties of these peak fluxes for protons with energies near 1, 10, and 50 MeV. The results suggest that for gradual events with both peaks, the ESP peak often dominates at 1 MeV energies and is dominant about half the time at 10 MeV. Moreover, the prompt peak fluxes can be used to estimate the shock peak (ESP event) up to days ahead, especially in the lower energy range.
From individual to group impressions: Availability heuristics in stereotype formation

Abstract When subjects are presented with information about the attributes of individuals and are then asked to make judgments about the characteristics of the group composed of those individuals, the group impression may depend on the way in which data on individuals are organized in memory. Experiment 1 demonstrated that under conditions of low memory load (16 instances of person-trait pairings), subjects organize their perceptions of a group around the characteristics of its individual members, whereas under high memory load (64 instances of person-trait pairings), subjects organize trait information in an undifferentiated way around the group as a whole. Under low memory load, subjects distinguish between repeated occurrences of a trait in the same individual and comparable repeated occurrences of that trait in different individuals; under high memory load, subjects do not make such a differentiation. Subjects' judgments about the frequency of categories of traits were related to the ease of recall of category instances, as predicted by an availability heuristic. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that group members who are most available in memory will be disproportionately represented in the group impression. Specifically, the proportion of extreme individuals in a group was retro-spectively overestimated; this was true for both physical stimuli (height) and social stimuli (criminal acts).
Isoflurane enhances glutamatergic agonist-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in cultured neurons

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane, three commonly used volatile anesthetic agents, affect glutamate receptor-modulated nitric oxide signaling in cultured cortical neurons. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were prepared from fetal Sprague-Dawley rats and experiments were performed after 11–13 days in culture. Cyclic GMP was measured as an indicator of nitric oxide production. Glutamate (100 μM),N-methyl- d -aspartate (100 μM), quisqualate (300 μM), or kainate (100 μM) increased cyclic GMP production. At clinically relevant concentrations, isoflurane enhanced responses to each of these agonists, while halothane or enflurane had no effect. Thus, isoflurane, but not halothane or enflurane, enhanced nitric oxide signaling stimulated by glutamatergic agonists.
GGE Biplot Analysis of Tomato F1 Hybrids Evaluated Across Years for Marketable Fruit Yield

Genotypes are generally evaluated in multi-environments to determine their consistent performance across locations and years. Several techniques are available to conduct such valuations. We used GGE biplot technique to understand the genotypic and genotype × year interaction in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Five F1 hybrids of tomato were evaluated from 2003 to 2008 in North Carolina for total marketable fruit yield. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype × year interaction indicated the necessity of further analysis to select the genotype that had high yield and stability across years. ‘Mountain Fresh’ was the best hybrid as far as yield and stability across years were concerned, followed by ‘Crista’; ‘Mountain Glory’ was highly unstable for marketable fruit yield. We concluded that ‘Mountain Fresh’ could be considered an ideal hybrid that can also be used as control for evaluation of other F1 hybrids. Close association between field performance and GGE biplot findings indicated that GGE biplot is a useful t...
The architecture of the laser communications relay demonstration ground stations: an overview

NASA’s Laser Communication Relay Demonstration (LCRD) will be NASA’s first long-duration demonstration of laser communications (lasercom) in space, providing geosynchronous-satellite-hosted bidirectional relay services between two Earth ground stations. LCRD will leverage and enhance existing ground stations. Ground Station 1 (GS-1) will leverage the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) built by JPL, while Ground Station 2 (GS-2) will leverage the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) Ground Terminal (LLGT) built by MIT Lincoln Laboratory. While each ground system has unique telescopes and integrated optics, many of the backend subsystems (e.g., communications, environmental monitoring, control, user simulators) will be common to both terminals. Here we provide an overview of the architecture of the LCRD ground stations, and the planned enhancements to the existing facilities.
Initiation of mitosis in interphase plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum by coalescence with premitotic plasmodia.

Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Kernteilung innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit eintritt, wenn Teile eines Plasmodiums vonPhysarum polycephalum, das zur Teilung ansetzt, mit Teilen von Plasmodien verschmolzen werden, die sich in Ruhe befinden. Daraus wird auf eine stoffliche Induktion zur Mitose geschlossen.
Patient, surgeon, and treatment characteristics associated with homologous blood transfusion requirement during radical retropubic prostatectomy: multivariate nomogram to assist patient counseling ☆

Objectives To identify the preoperative patient, treatment, and surgeon factors associated with the administration of homologous blood transfusion during or after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) to be able to better inform patients regarding the probability of transfusion. Homologous blood transfusion is sometimes required during or after RRP, but predictive models for estimating transfusion probability using patient and surgical characteristics are lacking. Methods Data were prospectively collected regarding patient characteristics, cancer severity, surgeon experience, anesthetic used, operative blood loss, and transfusion among 1123 consecutive RRP cases. Multivariate regression analysis identified baseline factors associated with a homologous transfusion requirement and generated a model for predicting the likelihood of perioperative homologous transfusion. Results Homologous transfusion was administered in 3.8% of subjects; the mean estimated blood loss was 953 mL. Multivariable regression analysis identified prostate size (P <0.0001, odds ratio [OR] 1.74), use of general anesthesia (P = 0.01, OR 2.22), use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (P = 0.006, OR 3.35), and surgeon expertise (P <0.0001, OR 8.63) as independent risk factors associated with a need for perioperative homologous transfusion. The most influential factor, surgical expertise, clustered among surgeons who performed more than 15 RRPs annually, because these surgeons had lower transfusion rates and lower estimated blood loss more consistently than did surgeons who performed fewer RRPs annually. Conclusions Larger prostate size, use of general anesthesia, use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, and annual surgeon case volume were independently associated with an increased probability that an individual patient would receive homologous transfusion during or after RRP. A nomogram indicating the probability of homologous transfusion based on these factors provides a benchmark of expected homologous transfusion rates according to individual patient and treatment parameters.
On transient heat conduction in a one-dimensional composite slab

Abstract A theoretical solution is presented of a problem of transient heat conduction in a one-dimensional three-layer composite slab. A full series solution for impulsive heating is found by employing a ‘natural’ orthogonal relationship between the eigenfunctions. The eigenfunction expansion solution is compared with a finite difference numerical solution. Based on a previous analysis of the two-layer problem, and the present three-layer problem, a conjectured partial solution for an n-layer composite slab is given.
Coordination of Gene Expression of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Cascade Enzymes during Human Brain Development and Aging

Background The polyunsaturated arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (AA and DHA) participate in cell membrane synthesis during neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and neurotransmission throughout life. Each is metabolized via coupled enzymatic reactions within separate but interacting metabolic cascades. Hypothesis AA and DHA pathway genes are coordinately expressed and underlie cascade interactions during human brain development and aging. Methods The BrainCloud database for human non-pathological prefrontal cortex gene expression was used to quantify postnatal age changes in mRNA expression of 34 genes involved in AA and DHA metabolism. Results Expression patterns were split into Development (0 to 20 years) and Aging (21 to 78 years) intervals. Expression of genes for cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2, and other AA cascade enzymes, correlated closely with age during Development, less so during Aging. Expression of DHA cascade enzymes was less inter-correlated in each period, but often changed in the opposite direction to expression of AA cascade genes. Except for the PLA2G4A (cPLA2 IVA) and PTGS2 (COX-2) genes at 1q25, highly inter-correlated genes were at distant chromosomal loci. Conclusions Coordinated age-related gene expression during the brain Development and Aging intervals likely underlies coupled changes in enzymes of the AA and DHA cascades and largely occur through distant transcriptional regulation. Healthy brain aging does not show upregulation of PLA2G4 or PTGS2 expression, which was found in Alzheimer's disease.
The free amino acid pool in L-strain fibroblasts.

Abstract L-strain mouse fibroblasts were grown in stationary bottle cultures in a serum-free medium and harvested during the logarithmic growth phase. A qualitative analysis of the intracellular water showed that all the amino acids in the growth medium were present in the free amino acid pool. However, quantitatively it was different from the medium. Grossly, the free intracellular amino acids could be separated into three major groups on the basis of their capacity to be pooled from this medium. Glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, threonine, proline and glutamic acid constitute the first group and are distinguished by their capacity to be concentrated in cell water. Group II amino acids, although present in significant amounts in cell water, are not concentrated. Leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine make up this group. Arginine, histidine and lysine comprise group III and can only be found in traces. Quantitative studies indicated that L cells retain cell proteins, nucleic acids and free amino acids to a large extent after three rapid washes with a balanced salt solution. The reduced level of any free amino acid occurs uniformly with losses in protein, nucleic acids or other amino acids; this suggests that these cells are not leaking or utilizing free amino acids to any degree during the washing procedure. The reductions apparently reflect losses of whole cells through handling or breakage.
Confidence limits for small proportions in complex samples

Exact upper confidence limits for small proportions in stratified samples are derived. An algorithm for their computation which employs a new normal approximation for the case of infinitely large strata and a finite number of defectives is proposed. Using selected examples it is shown that the usual confidence limits derived from the standard normal approximation can be highly misleading, and that the exact limits are not unacceptably conservative when compared to natural Empirical Bayes and appropriately defined pseudo-Bayes limits. The loss of efficiency of non-proportionate staratified designs, vis-a-vis simple random sampling or proportionate designs for setting confidence limits on small proportions is studied in a variety of examples. Exact upper confidence limits for small proportions are also derived for simple random samples of equal-size clusters, and a similar algorithm for their derivation is presented. These limits are compared to several Bayes credibility limits in selected examples. The los...
Individual and seasonal variation in fecal testosterone and cortisol levels of wild male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella nigritus.

This study tested the "challenge hypothesis" and rank-based predictions for temporal steroid production in male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella. Fecal samples (n = 209) collected from six wild males were analyzed for testosterone and cortisol concentration by enzyme immunoassay. The temporal pattern in male steroid production was compared to female sexual activity and rates of male aggression. The top-ranking adult male did not differ from other adult males in testosterone or cortisol concentration. Mean adult testosterone was significantly higher than mean subadult testosterone throughout the year. There was a clear elevation of testosterone and cortisol in both adult and subadult males during the peak of adult female sexual activity after the birth season. In fact, the magnitude of increase in testosterone was higher than predicted for a species with low male-male aggression. However, there was no difference between nonbreeding baseline testosterone levels during the birth season, and the "breeding" baseline of testosterone in males found during asynchronous female sexual activity. Of all behavioral indices examined, the distribution of female-maintained consortships was the best predictor of mean adult male testosterone concentrations. Although in many species, elevated testosterone coincides with increased male-male aggression, in the present study, the sustained high-magnitude increase in steroids during the peak of adult female sexual activity was associated with a relatively low rate of male-male intragroup aggression.
A MASS FEARING SYSTEM FOR THE CULTURE OF BRACHYURAN CRAB LARVAE1

A system has been designed and evaluated for mass rearing of brachyuran crab larvae. Cancer magister larvae were reared through five developmental stages without the use of antibiotics. The physical design which may be flow-through or recirculating emphasizes low maintenance and unlimited scale-up potential. The system concept involves a slow upwelling water column which tends to offset passive sinking and creates a constant flowing, well oxygenated, growing environment. The system and evaluation study will be discussed.
Biochemical alteration of the skin in newborn rats by feeding liquid protein diet during early pregnancy

Abstract Pregnant rats were fed a 20% LPD from day 1 to day 10 of pregnancy; on day 10, the diet was changed to a 20% casein and the animals were fed this diet until delivery. A pair-fed control group was fed the 20% casein diet throughout pregnancy. The body weights of the LPD group stayed constant for the first 10 days. When the casein diet was begun at day 10, however, body weight increased within 24 hours. The body weight in the LPD group then increased continuously. In contrast, the body weight of the pair-fed control group increased throughout pregnancy. On delivery, newborns and their mothers were killed and their skins were removed. Compared with the controls, the contents of both type III collagen and α 1 trimer were increased in the newborn of the LPD-fed mothers; however, total collagen content of the LPD newborn was less. In contrast, the mothers' skins did not differ between the groups in any measurements determined. The data suggest that the quality of the maternal protein source in the diet influences the content and nature of skin collagen in the growing fetus, whereas the mother's skin is less affected by the nutritional stress during pregnancy.
Autoignition chemistry in a motored engine: An experimental and kinetic modeling study

Autoignition of isomers of pentane, hexane, and primary reference fuel mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane has been studied experimentally under motored engine conditions and computationally using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. Computed and experimental results are compared and used to help understand the chemical factors leading to engine knock in spark-ignited engines. The kinetic model reproduces observed variations in critical compression ratio with fuel molecular size and structure, provides intermediate product species concentrations in good agreement with observations, and gives insights into the kinetic origins of fuel octane sensitivity. Sequential computed engine cycles were found to lead to stable, non-igniting behavior for conditions below a critical compression ratio; to unstable, oscillating but nonigniting behavior in a transition region; and eventually to ignition as the compression ratio is steadily increased. This transition is related to conditions where a negative temperature coefficient of reaction exists, which has a significant influence on octane number and fuel octane sensitivity.
Cyclic imides III. A study of the hydroxy- and methoxyphthalimidoacetic acids and the methyl methoxyphthalimidoacetates

The hydroxy- and methoxyphthalimidoacetic acids and the methyl methoxyphthalimidoacetates have been synthesized. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of these compounds in 95% ethanol, aqueous acid, and aqueous base are discussed. Structures are suggested for the hydroxy- and methoxyphthalamate ions which are formed in basic solution. The Gabriel-Colman rearrangements of methyl 3- and 4 - methoxyphthalimidoacetate give, respectively, 8-methoxy-4-hydroxy-3 - carbomethoxy-1(2H)-isoquinolone (VII) and 6-methoxy-4-hydroxy-3-carbomethoxy-1(2H)-isoquinolone (VIII).
Phonetic transcription as communication

(1948). Phonetic transcription as communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 194-201.
Juvenile Life of Pacific Ocean Perch, Sebastes alutus, in Coastal Fiords of Southeastern Alaska: Their Environment, Growth, Food Habits, and Schooling Behavior

Abstract Schools of juvenile Pacific ocean perch, Sebastes alutus, at four coastal fiord sites in southeastern Alaska were sampled by trawling. Younger juveniles (ages I and II) were over rougher substrate than older juveniles (ages III-V); both age groups were at shallower depths than adults. Lengths of juvenile perch varied between and within geographic areas, but the pattern of variation was not consistent. The most important food items were copepods and euphausiids; younger juveniles fed more on copepods and older juveniles more on euphausiids. Feeding activity was minimal in late winter and early spring. The relative strength of year classes fluctuated widely. Some juvenile perch are shown to become demersal by age I, and the hypothesis of a 2-3-year early pelagic existence is rejected.
Immune cell traffic control and the central nervous system

Abstract That lymphocytes traffic to the central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively new concept. From studies on lymphocyte trafficking to lymphoid tissue and systemic organs, it is known that small lymphocytes recirculate continually from blood to lymphoid tissue and back again to blood, and that lymphocyte activation leads to changes in trafficking patterns with rerouting to areas of antigen deposition. Control of lymphocyte trafficking involves the induction and expression of a series of cell-surface molecules on circulating immune cells and target tissue vasculature. Lymphocyte trafficking into the CNS preferentially involves activated lymphocytes. This may be secondary to elaboration by activated immune cells of cytokines which are capable of stimulating CNS endothelium and may also relate to their production of enzymes which degrade cytoskeletal elements, aiding transmigration. Based upon observations of systemic homing receptors specific for certain organs, the existence of CNS-specific homing receptors with corresponding ligands on CNS vasculature is postulated.
Stabilator Failure Adaptation from Flight Tests of NF-15B Intelligent Flight Control System

Adaptive flight control systems have the potential to be more resilient to extreme changes in airplane behavior. Extreme changes could be a result of a system failure or of damage to the airplane. A direct adaptive neural-network-based flight control system was developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NF-15B Intelligent Flight Control System airplane and subjected to an inflight simulation of a failed (frozen) (unmovable) stabilator. Formation flight handling qualities evaluations were performed with and without neural network adaptation. The results of these flight tests are presented. Comparison with simulation predictions and analysis of the performance of the adaptation system are discussed. The performance of the adaptation system is assessed in terms of its ability to decouple the roll and pitch response and reestablish good onboard model tracking. Flight evaluation with the simulated stabilator failure and adaptation engaged showed that there was generally improvement in the pitch response; however, a tendency for roll pilot-induced oscillation was experienced. A detailed discussion of the cause of the mixed results is presented.
Ankyrin binding mediates L1CAM interactions with static components of the cytoskeleton and inhibits retrograde movement of L1CAM on the cell surface.

The function of adhesion receptors in both cell adhesion and migration depends critically on interactions with the cytoskeleton. During cell adhesion, cytoskeletal interactions stabilize receptors to strengthen adhesive contacts. In contrast, during cell migration, adhesion proteins are believed to interact with dynamic components of the cytoskeleton, permitting the transmission of traction forces through the receptor to the extracellular environment. The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a member of the Ig superfamily, plays a crucial role in both the migration of neuronal growth cones and the static adhesion between neighboring axons. To understand the basis of L1CAM function in adhesion and migration, we quantified directly the diffusion characteristics of L1CAM on the upper surface of ND-7 neuroblastoma hybrid cells as an indication of receptor–cytoskeleton interactions. We find that cell surface L1CAM engages in diffusion, retrograde movement, and stationary behavior, consistent with interactions between L1CAM and two populations of cytoskeleton proteins. We provide evidence that the cytoskeletal adaptor protein ankyrin mediates stationary behavior while inhibiting the actin-dependent retrograde movement of L1CAM. Moreover, inhibitors of L1CAM–ankyrin interactions promote L1CAM-mediated axon growth. Together, these results suggest that ankyrin binding plays a crucial role in the anti-coordinate regulation of L1CAM-mediated adhesion and migration.
An Overview of Credit Derivatives

Credit risk is the distribution of nancial loss due to a broken nancial agreement, for example failure to pay interest or principal on a loan or bond. It pervades virtually all nancial transactions, and therefore plays a signicant role in nancial markets. A credit derivative is a security that allows investors to transfer credit risk to other investors who are willing to take it. By facilitating the allocation of risk, these instruments have an important economic function. Yet they have hit the headlines recently. This paper gives an overview of credit derivatives. It discusses the mechanics of standard contracts, describes their application, and outlines the mathematical challenges associated with their analysis.
Source strength of wheat pathogens during combine harvest

Many fungal pathogens of plants are dispersedaerially long distances and by this meansestablish disease foci and redistribute races.The goal of this research was to measure thesource strength of wheat pathogens duringharvest. Two fields in North Dakota wereplanted with spring wheat cultivar 2375 andcombined from windrows. A Rotorod model 20 airsampler attached to a helium balloon was liftedto 30 m and activated when the debris cloudfrom the combine passed the sampler location.The sampler was positioned 100 to 200 mdownwind from the field edge and 100 m upwindof the combine in field one. In this field,concentrations of Puccinia triticinauredospores were 1663 spores/m3 downwindand 19 spores/m3 upwind; also,Cochliobolus sativus conidia were 732spores/m3 downwind and 32 spores/m3upwind. In field two, downwind samples weretaken at heights of 6 m and 30 m on the fieldedge. In this field P. triticina sporeconcentration was 840 spores/m3 downwind.Also in field two, conidia of Pyrenophoratritici-repentis and teliospores ofUstilago sp. were each observed atconcentrations of 9 spores/m3. Many sporesappeared desiccated, but C. sativusspores germinated after 24 h in a moistchamber. Spore concentrations at the fieldmargin meant a minimal estimate of 10 billionspores were dispersed from the field per hourof combine operation; therefore, wheatharvesting liberates immense numbers of fungalpathogen spores, many of which then can bedispersed long distances in wind currents.
Joint continuity in semitopological semigroups

The principal goal of this paper is squeezing out points of joint continuity from a separately continuous action of a semigroup on a topological space. The paper itself is a variation on a theme by R.Ellis, who showed that separate continuity on a locally compact Hausdorff group implies joint continuity for the multiplication function $[6]$. The paper closes with several diverse applications.
The split boundary scan register technique for testing board interconnects

Presents a new approach to testing board interconnects, on a board containing three-state nets and with chips equipped with the boundary scan architecture. The proposed technique reduces the test time, test vector size, and requires an order independent test set at the expense of minimal hardware overhead to the ANSI/IEEE Std1149.1-1990 standard. Although most of the algorithms developed so far can be used to test boards under this scheme, the authors have concentrated on the walking 1's and 0's for the purpose of presenting this technique. This test can be applied with a reduced time complexity for test generation and application. Furthermore, with local response compaction this scheme can easily be used for BIST implementation, resulting in the application of walking 1/0 in linear time. >
Transformation of Differential Equations Into Phase Space

Suppose we want to obtain the Wigner distribution of a function \(\varphi{(x)}\) which is the solution of a linear differential equation $$ a_{n}\frac{d^{n}\varphi(x)}{dx^{n}} + a_{n-1}\frac{d^{n-1}\varphi(x)}{dx^{n-1}}\;\cdots\; + a_{1}\frac{d\varphi(x)}{dx} + a_{0}\varphi(x) = f(x)$$ (10.1) .
The Impact of Linguistics on Language Teaching: Past, Present and Future.

Various equations were derived for predicting laboratory scores. Separate equations were derived for (a) male only, (b) female only, and (c) male and female together. The best of these equations-that is, those that would account for the greatest amount of variability-were those based on female scores only. A multiple correlation coefficient of .9942 was obtained on the female laboratory score predictions, based on utilizing all independent variables. However, attempts to diminish the number of variables used in the regression equation seriously reduced the power of the resultant equations. For the male prediction equation (based on all 13 independent variables), the multiple correlation coefficient of .7283 suggests that only about 50 percent of the variability of the independent variable is accounted for by regression with all the independent variables. Unlike the female regression equation, little power is lost by deleting certain of the independent variables. The male regression equation utilizing only the Rhythm and Timbre Seashore subtests, plus the English and "Q" and "L" scores, was only slightly less powerful than the equation utilizing all of the thirteen independent variables.
Electric Power Distribution System Performance in Carolina Hurricanes

This paper describes a quantitative investigation of the performance of electric power distribution systems in North and South Carolina in recent hurricanes. The study is based on large databases of outages in five recent hurricanes. The databases were compiled from Carolina Power and Light and Duke Power, two major electric power companies that together serve most of the Carolinas. The study specifically explores hurricane disruption in terms of number of outages and customers affected; geographic distribution, duration, and causes of outages; and types of equipment affected (for example, transformers, reclosers, fuses). It also examines the relationships between disruption and maximum gust wind speed, rainfall, and land cover type.
Random assignment of chronically mentally ill. persons to hospital or community treatment

This chapter discusses a series of experimental tests of alternative approaches to treating the chronically and potentially chronically ill.
The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation

Although social scientists have convincingly demonstrated relationships between religious beliefs/practices and mental health, almost none of the empirical findings or related theory apply specifically to Jews. To address this limitation, we investigated the role of Jewish religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness, in a large Jewish community sample (n = 565). Several facets of global Jewish religiousness were examined, as well as a theoretically based Jewish religious variable, trust in God. A self-report measure of trust in God was created, and factor analyses yielded two reliable and valid subscales: trust in God and mistrust in God. Contrary to our hypotheses, global Jewish religiousness was on the whole unrelated to mental-health functioning. As expected, higher levels of trust in God were associated with less anxiety and depression, and greater personal happiness, whereas inverse associations emerged for the unanticipated but robust mistrust subscale.
Photoactivity tests of TiO2 and ZnO sunscreen ingredients

Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are widely used as inorganic sunscreen pigments. However, these metal oxide particles may also be photocatalytic and generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we evaluated the photochemical properties of the whole sunscreen emulsions that contained nanoscale components and the inorganic particles derived from these sunscreens using several assays such as dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, the decolorization of Congo red dye and DMPO spin trap electron paramagnetic resonant spectroscopy. The results of these three tests showed that samples with ZnO nanoscale materials were more photoactive than the samples that contained TiO2 nanoparticles.
Stress and Deflection Analysis of Partially Routed Panels for Depanelization

Deflection and stress in partially routed panels have been studied by the finite element method. Emphasis is placed on the effects of partial routing on the assembly processes for surface mount printed circuit boards. To test the validity of the finite element results, the overall deflection profile of a partially routed panel was measured. The calculated deflection profile agreed with the experimental results. Two different tab configurations have been designed and for each design four connecting tab widths have been analyzed.
Current Issues in Conductive Argument Weight

Carl Wellman’s seminal account of conductive premise weight is revisited, particularly with respect to his distinction between “automated” or “mechanical” scale weight and his concept of “heft” weight. I argue that Wellman’s concept of heft weight provides a suitable metaphor for premise weight in that both are non-numerically quantitative, comparative, and objective in the sense of intersubjective. Recent work in cognitive psychology is referenced as support for the concept of quantitative but non-numerical judgment in many aspects of human cognitive functioning. My interpretation of Wellman’s work provides a theoretical grounding for familiar the non-numerically quantitative categories of premise weight which are expressed in several different ways, e.g. “very strong, moderately strong, moderately weak, very weak, nil”, etc. I next proceed to apply the above interpretation of Wellman’s model to Trudy Govier’s account of conductive premise weight evaluation in terms of generalities and ceteris paribus clauses. Govier maintains that premise weight is proportional to the comparative quantity of exceptions that are made to the generality underlying each premise/consideration, with fewer exceptions implying greater conductive premise weight. In Govier’s widely studied ‘euthanasia example’, the comparative number of exception cases is understood in terms of prevailing social values underlying the opposing considerations. I argue for the existence of some parallels between Govier’s treatment of conductive evaluation in terms of exceptions cases and the role of social values in cased-based legal arguments in AI and Law. Trevor Bench-Capon and others in AI & Law have shown how cases are decided partly on the basis of values, with case decisions sometimes altering value rankings for future cases. Recent work by Robert C. Pinto in the informal logic approach has also, in my interpretation, shown interesting parallels with Bench-Capon’s work on cases and values. Emerging from the above analysis of Wellman, Govier, Bench-Capon, and Pinto is a strong suggestion that differences over individual premise weight can be rationally addressed through constructing an ‘argument to classification’ to one of the strength categories, at least for value-based conductive arguments. The existence in value-based argument and argumentation of deep disagreements does not, I argue, imply that premise weight is subjective in nature. A major implication of my findings is that the concept of argument weight in theory of argument is central and indeed essential in theory of argument. If so, conductive pro and con, issue-based argument and argumentation deserve an increasing level of attention within the theory of argument community.
Forecasting Sibling Relationships in Early Adolescence from Child Temperaments and Family Processes in Middle Childhood

We developed a model to account for variation in the quality of sibling relationships across a 4-year span from middle childhood to early adolescence. We tested this model on a sample of 71 families, in which older siblings' ages ranged from 6 to 11 years, and those of younger siblings ranged from 4 to 9 years. We also assessed continuity and discontinuity over time in sibling relationship quality. The descriptive analyses revealed an increase of negative sibling relationship qualities and a decrease in positive qualities. The hypothesized paths involving children's temperaments, interparental conflict, positivity in parent-child relationships, and differential negativity in parent-sibling relationships were supported, accounting for 27% to 34% of the variation in sibling relationship quality.
The Construction of Black High‐Achiever Identities in a Predominantly White High School

In this article, I examine how black students construct their racial and achievement self-concepts in a predominantly white high school to enact a black achiever identity. By listening to these students talk about the importance of race and achievement to their lives, I came to understand how racialized the task of achieving was for them even though they often deracialized the characteristics of an achiever. I suggest that these students do not maintain school success by simply having a strong racial self-concept or a strong achievement self-concept; rather, they discuss achieving in the context of being black or African American. For these students, being a black or African American achiever in a predominantly white high school means embodying racial group pride as well as having a critical understanding of how race and racism operate to potentially constrain one's success. It also means viewing achievement as a human, raceless trait that can be acquired by anyone. In their descriptions of themselves as black achievers, these students resist hegemonic notions that academic success is white property and cannot be attained by them. [self-concept, high achievers, black student achievement, achievement self-concept]
On the limitations of query obfuscation techniques for location privacy

A promising approach to location privacy is query obfuscation, which involves reporting k -- 1 false locations along with the real location. In this paper, we examine the level of privacy protection provided by the current query obfuscation techniques against adversarial location service providers. As a representative and realistic implementation of query obfuscation, we focus on SybilQuery. We present two types of attacks depending upon whether or not a short-term query history is available. When history is available, using machine learning, we were able to identify 93.67% of user trips, with only 2.02% of fake trips misclassified, for the security parameter k = 5. In the absence of history, we used trip correlations to form a smaller set of trips effectively increasing the user query identification probability from 20% to about 40%. Our work demonstrates that the use of aggregate statistical information alone is not sufficient to generate simulated trips. We identify areas for improvement in the existing query obfuscation techniques.
Indinavir impairs protein synthesis and phosphorylations of MAPKs in mouse C2C12 myocytes

Anti-retroviral therapy promotes clinical, immunologic, and virologic improvement in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Whereas this therapy adversely affects carbohydrate and lipid me...
Recovery of peripheral and central responses to median nerve stimulation.

Abstract We recorded the responses to paired stimuli delivered to the median nerve at the wrist in 8 healthy adult volunteers, in order to characterize the recovery of function after a single conditioning stimulus. Responses were recorded over the nerve at the ipsilateral elbow and in the Erb's point region, over the second cervical spinous process, and over the contralateral ‘hand area’ of the scalp. The data from 1 subject were discarded because of possible artifactual contamination. In the others, the peripheral responses recovered both in latency and amplitude over a time period that accorded with previously published studies. We found, however, that the recovery periods for latency and amplitude of the responses recorde over the spine and scalp were prolonged compared with the corresponding values for the peripheral responses. Except for the responsesrecorded over the scalp, the recovery of amplitude either preceded or occurred at the same time as latency. By contrast, for the responses recorded over the scalp, there was a delay in the recovery of amplitude compared with latency. The differences in recovery period that we found at different levels of the nervous system are presumably related to structural and electrophysiological differences in afferent pathways, the presence of interposed synapses, and the intrinsic refractory properties of central neuronal populations.