cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hedge Funds and the Active Management Industry

The significant growth of hedge funds has garnered substantial attention—and concern—amongst observers of, and participants in, the investment community. In this article it is argued that hedge funds are not sui generis, but are part of the broader “active management industry.” Three broad conceptions are discussed. First, as part of the broader active management industry, hedge funds still represent a relative minority of the risk taken with the expectation of generating alpha. Second, the important question for investors is the choice of governance models for generating alpha—the traditional active management model or the hedge fund model? While structural features of alpha generation do involve tradeoffs, on balance, the hedge fund form is more appropriate for alpha generation. Finally, while superior to a traditional model, the hedge fund format is imperfect. Therefore, mechanisms to make manager/investor outcomes more symmetrical (such as an appropriate level of co-investment), when combined with the current hedge fund governance structure, may further align incentives between managers and investors.
MCSCF wave functions for excited states of polar molecules: Application to BeO

A previously reported multiconfiguration self‐consistent field (MCSCF) algorithm based on the generalized Brillouin’s theorem is extended in order to treat excited states of polar molecules. In particular, the algorithm takes into account the proper treatment of nonorthogonality in the space of single excitations and invokes, when necessary, a constrained optimization procedure to prevent variational collapse of exited states. In addition, a configuration selection scheme (suitable for use in conjunction with extended configuration interaction methods) is proposed for the MCSCF procedure. The algorithm is used to study the low‐lying singlet states of BeO, a system which has not previously been studied using an MCSCF procedure. MCSCF wave functions are obtained for three 1Σ+ and two 1Π states. The 1Σ+ results are juxtaposed with comparable results for MgO in order to assess the generality of description presented here.
Evaluating the effects of spatial monitoring policy on groundwater quality portrayal

What size sample is sufficient for spatially sampling ambient groundwater quality? Water quality data are only as spatially accurate as the geographic sampling strategies used to collect them. This research used sequential sampling and regression analysis to evaluate groundwater quality spatial sampling policy changes proposed by California's Department of Water Resources. Iterative or sequential sampling of a hypothetical groundwater basin's water quality produced data sets from sample sizes ranging from 2.8% to 95% coverage of available point sample sites. Contour maps based on these sample data sets were compared to an original (control), mapped hypothetical data set, to determine at which point map information content and pattern portrayal are not improved by increasing sample sizes. Comparing series of contour maps of ground water quality concentration is a common means of evaluating the geographic extent of groundwater quality change. Comparisons included visual inspection of contout maps and statistical tests on digital versions of these map files, including correlation and regression products. This research demonstrated that, down to about 15% sample site coverage, there is no difference between contour maps produced from the different sampling strategies and the contout map of the original data set.
Linewidths of Paraelectric-Resonance Transitions

Calculations are given for the linewidths of the paraelectric resonance transitions of O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions introduced as impurities in KCl. The methods are applied to the transitions reported by Feher, Shephard, and Shore. The width of the narrow line of this experiment is caused both by the dipole-dipole interaction and by strains, presumably arising from dislocations. The broad line observed is primarily strain-broadened.
Prediction of Capillary Tube Adiabatic Flow Properties in the Absence of Precise Geometric Information

Capillary tubes have been used in household refrigerators and other cooling systems for several decades. Complicated geometry, inevitable manufacturing variations, and complex two-phase phenomena have been major prohibitory factors in the development of reliable and efficient modeling tools to analyze the flow properties inside capillary tubes. Friction factor correlations as are available in the open literature, and as examined by the author, unanimously fail to give an accurate analysis of the refrigerant flow. The delicate operation of a capillary tube makes experimentation cumbersome, time and cost intensive, and prone to errors. The present study introduces a method to utilize the data obtained from a standard nitrogen flow test for a given capillary tube to compensate for the geometric uncertainties and predict refrigerant flow properties through the tube at any desired spatial resolution, inlet state, and flow rate. Therefore, exploratory studies and capillary tube modifications for the purpose of system development and optimization can be greatly simplified.
Ethyl alcohol by the oral route as a sedative in dentistry.

Presented are guidelines and contraindications for administration of alcohol as a mild sedative for dental therapy. The history and social use and misuse of alcohol are reviewed.
The effects of an enzyme complex in moderate and low nutrient-dense diets with dried distillers grains with solubles in laying hens

SUMMARY A study was conducted to examine the effects of an enzyme complex containing xylanase, amylase, and protease in moderate- and low-ME diets with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in laying hen diets. A total of 192 hens were fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments across phase 1 and 2 of the production cycle. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, factors consisted of moderate ME (2,900 kcal/kg, phase 1; 2,880 kcal/kg, phase 2) or low ME (2,860 kcal/kg, phase 1; 2,800 kcal/kg, phase 2) and enzyme complex inclusion (0 or 0.0375%). All diets contained 15% DDGS and phytase included at 300 phytase units per kilogram and were formulated to contain 0.30% available P and a 10% reduction of Ca. Significant ME by time interactions were noted for egg production and feed intake at the conclusion of phase 1, showing diets containing low ME to be higher performing during a heat stress period. Significant effects on nutrient retention were also observed. Diets containing the enzyme complex had higher retention values for Ca, P, and CP across both phases and also had higher AME retention values for phase 1. Overall, no negative effects on lowering ME, Ca, and P were observed while supplementing with an enzyme complex.
Evidence for an association in corn between stress tolerance and resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus during infection of susceptible crops, such as corn. A. flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination is a serious issue in the southern US, especially during a drought. Field studies demonstrate that reduction of drought stress by irrigation reduces aflatoxin contamination in corn and peanut. Drought tolerant corn varieties were also found to produce significantly less aflatoxins in the field under drought conditions compared to aflatoxin-resistant controls. Genetic studies to identify QTLs for low levels of aflatoxin accumulation observed significant environmental effects on the location and number of QTLs between studies conducted at different locations and during different years. Proteomic comparisons of kernel proteins between corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to A. flavus infection have identified stress-related proteins along with antifungal proteins as associated with kernel resistance. Gene expression studies of plants in response to biotic or abiotic stress also found that disease resistance-related genes could be upregulated by abiotic stresses and vise versa. Further examination of host plant and pathogen interactions revealed that plant responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen infections were mediated through several common regulatory genes or factors. The presence of “cross-talk” between responses to abiotic stress and biotic stress provides new approaches for enhancing host resistance to biotic stresses through the upregulation of key signal transduction factors. Key Words: Plant hormone, fungal infection, gene regulation, transcription factor. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(12) 2004: 693-699
Cross‐shore decay of cliff top ground motions driven by local ocean swell and infragravity waves

[1] Ground motions at the frequencies (between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz) of ocean infragravity and swell waves were observed on a cross-shore transect extending landward from the edge of a southern California coastal cliff. Cliff top ground motions are coherent and in phase with water level fluctuations at the cliff base. Vertical ground motions at infragravity and single frequencies decay rapidly with inland distance from the cliff edge (e-folding scale is about 12 m), and at the edge decrease by several orders of magnitude between high tide when waves reach the cliff base, and low tide when the waterline is about 50 m from the cliff base. The observed cross-shore decay scales are qualitatively consistent with gravitational loading and attraction of water waves at tidally modulated distances from the cliff base. At approximately constant distance from the waterline, ground motions vary roughly linearly with nearshore swell wave energy. In contrast to these locally forced ground motions, double frequency band (0.1–0.2 Hz) cliff top vertical ground motions are remotely generated with spatially uniform magnitudes approximately equal to those observed 14 km inland. Near the cliff edge, ground tilt dominates the observed large (relative to vertical) cross-shore acceleration at infragravity frequencies, contributes significantly to cross-shore acceleration at swell frequencies, and is a small fraction of cross-shore acceleration at higher frequencies.
Predictive crystallization of ribonuclease A via rapid screening of osmotic second virial coefficients.

Important progress has been made in recent years toward developing a molecular-level understanding of protein phase behavior in terms of the osmotic second virial coefficient, a thermodynamic parameter that characterizes pairwise protein interactions. Yet there has been little practical application of this knowledge to the field of protein crystallization, largely because of the difficult and time-consuming nature of traditional techniques for characterizing protein interactions. Self-interaction chromatography has recently been proposed as a highly efficient method for measuring the osmotic second virial coefficient. The utility of the technique is examined in this work by characterizing virial coefficients for ribonuclease A under 59 solution conditions using several crystallization additives, including PEG, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and propanol. The virial coefficient measurements show some counterintuitive trends and shed light on the previous difficulties in crystallizing ribonuclease A. Crystallization experiments at the corresponding solution conditions were conducted by using ultracentrifugal crystallization. Using this methodology, ribonuclease A crystals were obtained under conditions for which the virial coefficients fell within the "crystallization slot." Crystallographic characterization showed that the crystals diffract to high resolution. Metastable crystals were also obtained for conditions outside, but near, the "crystallization slot," and they could also be frozen and used to collect structural information.
The Effect of Familiar Size at Familiar Distances

The effect of familial size as a distance cue was tested with familiar objects at familiar distances. Experiment 1 showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues available and that in their absence the retinal image did not affect depth or size perception. Under these conditions, size and distance judgments were essentially indeterminate and independent of each other. In experiment 2 a paradigm was employed which allowed a direct determination of whether equivalent changes either in size of a familiar object or in its true distance produced equivalent changes in its perceived distance. The results showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues, and that subjects perceived the familiar object as having its familiar size. Moreover, changing the retinal image of the objects had almost exactly the same effect on their perceived distance as did changing their true distance. Hence, familial size does effectively govern the perception of distance when there are no competing cues.
A Relational Frame Theory Approach to Understanding Perspective-Taking Using Children’s Stories in Typically Developing Children

Perspective-taking is a relatively new topic to the field of behavior analysis and has become of paramount interest for those examining complex behavior and cognition. Relational Frame Theory propo...
Cryptic introductions and the interpretation of island biodiversity.

Species with cryptic origins (i.e. those that cannot be reliably classed as native or nonnative) present a particular challenge to our understanding of the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Such species may be especially common on islands given that some islands have had a relatively recent history of human settlement. It is likely that select island species considered native might have achieved their current distributions via direct or indirect human actions. As an example, we explore the origins of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis bermudensis) on the island of Bermuda. Considered native to the island and a distinct subspecies, this population has diverged in morphology relative to mainland North America. Using microsatellite markers and simulation of island colonization, we show that the Bermuda population of bluebirds is the likely result of a single colonization event that occurred during the 1600s, making this a cryptic invader. To our knowledge, this is one of the youngest examples of a terrestrial vertebrate cryptic invader. We suggest that the eastern bluebird is not an isolated case of cryptic invader on either Bermuda or elsewhere and that caution be exercised when studying present-day distributions of organisms.
Development of an equivalent circuit model of a fuel cell to evaluate the effects of inverter ripple current

In this paper an impedance model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (PEMFCS) is proposed. The proposed study employs an equivalent circuit of the PEMFCS derived by frequency response analysis (FRA) technique. An equivalent circuit for the fuel cell stack is developed to evaluate the effects of ripple currents generated by the power-conditioning unit. The calculated results are then verified by means of experiments on three commercially available fuel cells: Avista Labs SR-12 (500 W), Ballard Nexa (1.2 kW) and BCS-Tech (300 W) PEMFC system. The relationship between ripple current and fuel cell performance: such as power loss and fuel consumption is investigated. Experimental results show that the ripple current can contribute up to 10% reduction in the available output power.
Cardiac liposarcoma and bilateral ovarian mature teratoma in a patient with congenital heart disease and f-anisosplenia.

A 10-year-old female with atrial septal defect presented with bilateral ovarian mature cystic teratomas. Three spleniculi adjacent to the main spleen were noticed while the endoscopic surgery. Two years later a heart tumor was discovered which led to death. Pathologic examination of samples of the mass proved it to be a liposarcoma. The unusual combination of atrial septal defect, f-anisosplenia (female, congenital heart disease, multiple unevenly-sized spleens, left lung type pulmonary isomerism), bilateral ovarian mature cystic teratomas and liposarcoma of the heart appears to be a unique presentation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:304–305. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The robot intelligence Kernel

The Robot Intelligence Kernel (RIK) is a portable, reconfigurable suite of perceptual, behavioral, and cognitive capabilities that can be used across many different platforms, environments, and tasks. The RIK coupled with a virtual 3D interface have been shown to dramatically improve human-robot interactions across a variety of navigation and exploration tasks.
Negotiation of Meaning in Conversational and Information Gap Activities: A Comparative Discourse Analysis.

This article reports an investigation of how meaning is negotiated in two different types of interactions between native speakers (NSs) and nonnative speakers (NNSs): a relatively unstructured conversation and a two-way information-gap task. Three NS-NNS dyads were recorded as they engaged in these two activities, and the data were examined in detail. Negotiation exchanges, lexical and syntactic complexity, and various pragmatic issues were examined and compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results suggest that conversational interaction has the potential to offer substantial learning opportunities at multiple levels of interaction even though it offered fewer instances of repair negotiation in the traditional sense than did the information gap activity. In addition, the NNS participants stated in subsequent interviews that they found the conversational activity to be more challenging than the information-gap activity because they had to pay attention to the entire discourse in the former but mainly focused on lexical items in the latter. This study thus raises questions about claims that conversational interactions do not provide learners with as much challenging language practice as do more highly structured interactional activities, such as information gap tasks.
Vitamin D Metabolism or Action

Since the discovery of vitamin D in 1919, great progress has been made in understanding its metabolism and the diseases resulting from mutations in related genes. Vitamin D 3 is a secosteroid produced in skin in response to sunlight. Both endogenous D 3 and exogenous D 3 and D 2 supplements are sequentially hydroxylated in the liver (25-hydroxylase) and kidneys (1α-hydroxylase), to form the active metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH) 2 D). Activation of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) by 1α,25(OH) 2 D leads to tissue-specific pleiotropic responses, including such different actions as increasing gastrointestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption and enhancing pancreatic insulin secretion. Hereditary disorders of vitamin D metabolism/action include the calciferol deficiency disorders vitamin D-resistant rickets (VDDR) types 1 and 2, both rare autosomal recessive disorders leading to rickets. VDDR-1 is due to mutations in CYP27B1 , resulting in absent/reduced conversion of 25(OH)D into active 1α,25(OH) 2 D and is effectively treated with 1α,25(OH) 2 D (also called calcitriol). VDDR-2 is due to mutations in VDR , leading to true resistance to 1α,25(OH) 2 D. VDDR-2 is treated by high doses of calcium and 1α,25(OH) 2 D analogs. One calciferol-excess state has been described, autosomal recessive infantile hypercalcemia due to inactivating mutations in CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase, the main catabolic enzyme) usually presenting as failure to thrive and nephrocalcinosis within the first year of life.
Variation and criteria for generic and specific determination of diphyllobothriid cestodes.

In a recent publication, Vik (1964) p. 6, observed, “Although the genus Diphyllobolhrium Cobbold, 1858, has been revised several times (Liihe, 1910, Cohn, 1912, Stunkard, 1949, Wardle and McLeod, 1952, and Yamaguti, 1959) since the type species was described by Cobbold in 1858, the systematics of the group are still in a state of confusion and identification is made difficult by discrepancies in original and subsequent descriptions. However, the significant facts here are that Diphyllobothrium species from land mammals and fish-eating birds, those about whose life cycle we know most, do not seem to be especially host specific; and that in tapeworm specimens of the same species—factors such as the age of the worm, age and nutrition of the host, degree of crowding in the intestines, etc., as well as the species of host used, may result in marked differences in appearance.” This appraisal of the situation is modest and conservative.
The role of low-angle normal faulting in active tectonics of the northern Owens Valley, California

The Owens Valley of eastern California is an extensional graben. The mechanics of extension have traditionally been explained by means of high-angle normal faulting. However, this mechanism appears to be inconsistent with both the accepted tectonic structures of associated basins and with the expected kinematics of regional extension. We have therefore reexamined several lines of evidence that bear on the fault structures bounding the northern Owens Valley. Examination of fault-outcrop geometry indicates that valley-bounding fault planes dip between 26° and ∼90°. Measurement of numerous fault planes that dip between 25° and 35° demonstrates that low-angle faulting must play an important role in the extensional process. We examined the alluvial fan/drainage basin area ratio of alluvial fans along the west slope of the White Mountains. These vary between ∼1.00 and 0.05. The larger area ratios are associated with low-angle mountain-front faults, and the smaller ratios are associated with high-angle faults. The Bishop tuff, both in outcrop and in subcrop, shows obvious anticlinal rollovers as the tuff sheet approaches the bounding faults, which may indicate listric faulting geometry. Relocated earthquake hypocenter data define a west-dipping band of seismicity at 4–7 km depth beneath the Owens Valley. Fault-plane solutions for these events permit low-angle westward-directed slip. These observations indicate that the traditional high-angle normal faulting model is inadequate. More plausible alternative structures include low-angle planar normal bounding faults and faulting controlled by either east-dipping or west-dipping master detachment faults.
Search-and-replace editing for personal photo collections

We propose a new system for editing personal photo collections, inspired by search-and-replace editing for text. In our system, local edits specified by the user in a single photo (e.g., using the “clone brush” tool) can be propagated automatically to other photos in the same collection, by matching the edited region across photos. To achieve this, we build on tools from computer vision for image matching. Our experimental results on real photo collections demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of our approach.
The training and spread of managerial know-how, a comparative analysis of multinational and other firms in Kenya

Abstract This article investigates an area of multinational corporate activity in less developed countries (LDCs) that has hithero gone unexplored, namely their training of indigenous managers and the spread of this transferred know-how throughout the host country economy. The significance of management training for the successful transfer of technology is discussed in the introduction, followed by a presentation of the methodology employed; data regarding the extent and composition of management training offered to local managers is analyzed, and conclusions regarding the extent and significance of management training by multinationals in LDCs are drawn.
Performance evaluation of video streaming in multihop wireless mesh networks

Supporting multimedia services in wireless mesh networks is receiving more attention from the research community. While wired networks have mature infrastructure and protocols providing QoS for multimedia, supporting multimedia in multihop wireless mesh networks faces greater technical challenges. The unreliable nature and shared media of multihop communications make the deployment of multimedia applications in wireless mesh networks a difficult task. To identify and understand the issues and problems of providing multimedia in multihop wireless mesh networks, we take video streaming as an example, setting up a real testbed to conduct extensive experiments in various scenarios and analyze its performance. In contrast to simulation or network-layer statistics based studies, our investigation is directly focused on video quality in multihop scenarios. The results better represent real networks and reveal interesting aspects of video performance in multihop wireless mesh networks, which we believe is helpful in designing efficient QoS solutions for multimedia services in the wireless mesh networks.
Inflammasome Modulation by Chemotherapeutics in Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal disease in dire need of therapy. The role of inflammasomes in cancer is not very well studied, however, literature supports both pro-and anti-tumorigenic effects of inflammasomes on cancer depending upon the type of cancer. Asbestos is a causative agent for MM and we have shown before that it causes inflammasome priming and activation in mesothelial cells. MM tumor cells/tissues showed decreased levels of inflammasome components like NLRP3 and caspase-1 as compared to human mesothelial cells or normal tissue counterpart of tumor. Based on our preliminary findings we hypothesized that treatment of MMs with chemotherapeutic drugs may elevate the levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 resulting in increased cell death by pyroptosis while increasing the levels of IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, a combined strategy of chemotherapeutic drug and IL-1R antagonist may play a beneficial role in MM therapy. To test our hypothesis we used two human MM tumor cell lines (Hmeso, H2373) and two chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin). Through a series of experiments we showed that both chemotherapeutic drugs caused increases in NLRP3 levels, caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory molecules released from MM cells. In vivo studies using SCID mice and Hmeso cells showed that tumors were smaller in combined treatment group of cisplatin and IL-1R antagonist (Anakinra) as compared to cisplatin alone or untreated control groups. Taken together our study suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with IL-1R antagonist may have a beneficial role in MM treatment.
Whatever happens to trauma patients who leave against medical advice

Although trauma patients are frequently discharged against medical advice (AMA), the fate of these patients remains mostly unknown.Patients with traumatic injuries were identified in the California State Inpatient Database, 2007 to 2011. Readmission characteristics of patients discharged AMA were compared with patients discharged home.There were 203,756 (75.65%) patients discharged home and 4,480 (1.66%) discharged AMA. Compared with those discharged home, patients discharged AMA had significantly higher 30-day readmission rates (17.12% vs 6.75%), rates of multiple readmissions (3.83% vs 1.12%), and likelihood of being readmitted at different hospitals (44.83% vs 33.82%) (all P < .001). The commonest reasons for readmission in patients discharged AMA were psychiatric conditions [adjusted odds ratio: 1.67 (1.21 to 2.27)].Discharge AMA is associated with multiple readmissions and higher rates of readmissions at different hospitals. Early identification of vulnerable patients and improved modalities to prevent discharge AMA among these patients may reduce the negative outcomes associated with discharge AMA among trauma patients.
Symptomatic Atlantoaxial Instability Associated With Medical and Rehabilitative Procedures in Children With Down Syndrome

The Canadian College of Medical Genetics recently questioned the rationale for radiographic screening for atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome. We report a case series of four children with Down syndrome with symptomatic atlantoaxial instability and followed for more than 5 years. In all cases a medical or rehabilitational procedure was associated with significant apnea, cardiopulmonary compromise, or severe neurological impairments. None of these patients were screened radiographically. The need for protocols to detect atlantoaxial instability in children with Down syndrome undergoing medical and rehabilitational procedures is highlighted by these cases.
Crushed Prasugrel Tablets in Patients With STEMI Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The CRUSH Study

Abstract Background Platelet inhibitory effects induced by oral P2Y 12 receptor antagonists are delayed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), which may be attributed to impaired absorption affecting drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Crushing tablets has been suggested to lead to more favorable PK/PD profiles. To date, no studies have investigated the PK/PD effects of crushing prasugrel. Objectives This study sought to determine whether crushing prasugrel is associated with more favorable drug bioavailability and platelet inhibitory effects compared with whole tablets in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. Methods Our prospective, randomized, open-label study assessed STEMI patients undergoing PPCI (n = 52) who were treated with a prasugrel 60-mg loading dose (LD) either as whole or crushed tablets. PK/PD analyses were performed at 7 time points. PD effects were measured as P2Y 12 reaction units and platelet reactivity index, and PK by plasma levels of prasugrel’s active metabolite. Results Compared with whole tablets, crushed prasugrel led to reduced P2Y 12 reaction units by 30 min post-LD, which persisted at 1, 2 (164 vs. 95; least square mean difference = 68; 95% confidence interval: 10 to 126; primary endpoint), and 4 h post-LD. Significant differences were no longer present at 6 h post-LD. Parallel findings were shown with platelet reactivity index. Accordingly, high on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were reduced with crushed prasugrel. PK analyses showed a >3-fold faster absorption with crushed compared with whole prasugrel. Conclusions In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, crushed prasugrel leads to faster drug absorption, and consequently, more prompt and potent antiplatelet effects compared with whole tablet ingestion. (Pharmacological Effects of Crushing Prasugrel in STEMI Patients; NCT02212028 )
Filamentous Protein of Basal Cell Epithelioma: Characteristics In Vivo and In Vitro

The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) pattern of the citrate-soluble fibrous protein isolated from human basal cell epitheliomas showed polypeptides with molecular weights of 43,000, 45,000, and 59,000. These polypeptides, found in the protein of normal epidermis, were present in a different proportion in this tumor tissue. Basal cell epitheliomas were cultured by the use of killed murine 3T3 feeder layers but only when 10(-9) M cholera toxin was present. The SDS-PAGE pattern of fibrous protein from cultured tumor cells was identical to the pattern of cultured normal human epidermal cells, and cornified cell envelopes were found in both types of cultures. Electron microscopy showed stratified cells that contained desmosomes, tonofilaments, and keratohyalin granules.
Direct Fabrication of All-Inorganic Logic Elements and Microelectromechanical Systems from Nanoparticle Precursors

Here we describe the fabrication of electrostatic motors by liquid embossing, a contact stamp-based method of patterning liquids with sub-micron resolution. We also demonstrate AFM nano-assembly which can produce sub-40 nm dots and lines by transferring either liquid or solid material from a reservoir to a deposition area. Both of these non-lithographic patterning techniques are applicable to nanocrystal, organic, and polymeric solutions and liquids.
Morphogenetic Aberrations Induced by a Juvenile Hormone Analogue in the Mosquito Culex Tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

The insect growth regulator (IGR) Altosid™ (Isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate) induced a wide range of morphogenetic changes in treated 4th instar Culex tarsalis Coquillett dying after exposure to the IGR. Some pupae at the stage of the larval-pupal intermolt were unable to escape from the larval exoskeleton. The most common site of attachment between larval exuvia and pupal body was in the cephalic region. This resulted in an abnormal constriction in the cephalothoracic area of the pupa. Some adult C. tarsalis resulting from a larval population treated with Altosid were unable to detach legs and wings from the pupal cast-skin, thus dying at this stage. Several other morphogenetic aberrations in pupae and adults dying as a result of exposure of larvae to IGR were also noted. The frequency distribution of the various morphogenetic aberrations occurring in pupae and adults of C. tarsalis resulting from a treated larval population was governed by the concentration of the IGR. No normal dead pupae were found at any of the concentrations used. The number of normal 4th instars dying due to the treatment was also negligible. The majority of the treated population died as pupae exhibiting various degrees of morphogenetic aberrations. Only 2 individuals in the whole treated population were found to exhibit bimorphic forms. One individual was a larval-pupal intergrade and the other a pupal-adult intergrade. The remaining treated C. tarsalis dying, due to the IGR treatment were at various stages of development in a given stadium.
The Truman Administration and the Steel Strike of 1946

FROM V-J Day until the election of 1946, the Truman administration wrestled with the problems of reconversion. Among the major challenges confronting the government was the need to design new wage-price policies to restrain inflation and maintain labor peace. Three times the government revised stabilization policies. Immediately after the war the President relaxed wage controls to allow all pay increases not requiring higher price ceilings from the Office of Price Administration. Despite this adjustment strikes erupted in early autumn, and CIO unions, threatening to walk out, demanded sizable increases which management contended it could not afford without price relief. Truman was forced to announce a second wageprice formula in late October: he restored free collective bargaining but refused to permit firms to include the cost of wage raises until a six-month accounting period established the need for higher prices. Either business would have to absorb wage increases or resist union demands. To maintain stabilization the administration was risking strikes and an assault on the whole anti-inflation program.1 By late fall and winter, wage negotiations broke down in oil, automobiles, electrical goods, meat, and steel. While the nation could afford to wait for new cars and electrical appliances, it could not long endure strikes holding back oil, meat, and steel. When management in these vital industries refused to grant wage increases even approximating union demands until the administration approved price relief, the pressure threatened the stabilization program. The government temporarily solved the problem in oil and meat by seizing refineries and packing plants; but rather than resorting to seizure of the steel mills, Truman and his advisers tried to settle
Cross-sectional survey of recognition level on cholesterol in Chinese health care professionals

Objective To investigate the recognition level on cholesterol in Chinese health care professionals Methods 1 609 health care professionals from one national level cardiovascular disease hospital, 14 provincial general hospitals, 26 county hospitals, and 192 basic health stations or clinics were selected to participate in the survey using self administrated close questionnaire Results About 96 1% of participants recognized that high total cholesterol (TC) can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it is 84 6% for high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), only 65 1% for low high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL C) 39 9% recognized that LDL C is the most important lipid component in coronary heart disease pathogenesis Only 39 9%of participants recognized that dietary cholesterol intake affected the serum cholesterol level most About 52 4% of physicians knew the normal range of cholesterol in adults, less than 20% knew the criteria of TC and LDL C for starting non pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, 33 8% knew how much cholesterol adults should be taken per day 32 2% of physicians knew themselves level of cholesterol, 56 0% restricted themselves dietary cholesterol 53 8% used measure of diet modification to lower serum lipid for CVD patients; 78 0% of physicians recognized they should measure serum lipid for all CVD patients, but only 9 3% do so for patients uncomplicated by CVD, diabetes mellitus and nephrotic disease Over 70 0% restricted dietary saturated fatty acid and cholesterol for CVD patients, less than 20% did so for patients uncomplicated by CVD, diabetes mellitus and nephrotic disease The differences were significant between physicians in different grade hospitals( P 0 01) 51 3% physicians reduced serum lipid using statins for patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia Conclusion There is a wide gap in professionals′ recognition on cholesterol, cardiovascular health education should be an important method to improve it
Discussion on method for detection of available chlorine in chlorine-containing disinfectant

Objective:To explore a method for determination of available chlorine in chlorine-containing disinfectant.Methods:Determination of available chlorine in different kinds of chlorine-containing disinfectant was done by Iodimetry.Results:Using ultrasonic wave technique for dissolution of disinfectant tablets and powder may shorten the process of dissolution and raise accuracy of method.Conclusion:Accurate determination of available chlorine in chlorine-containing disinfectant can give a correct evaluation to it and provide guidance for effective application.
O13-1 An exploratory risk assessment for metalworking fluids (MWFS)

MWF mixtures vary across manufacturing process, facilities, enterprises and over time. The routes of exposure are dermal in liquid phase, and inhalation as dusts, mists and vapours. The challenge is to generalise from specific worker populations observed over many decades and from animal studies limited to few priority components. Cancer risks have been observed in both hazard identification and exposure-response studies. Respiratory disorders and performance deficits are other health effects of MWFs appearing as increased morbidity and mortality or reduced pulmonary function, as well as immune-mediated disorders: adult-onset asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Dermatitis has been a constant associate of MWFs for more than two centuries. The goal here was to explore the development of a generic summary of MWF effects to determine exposure levels conferring an acceptable low level of risk in most metalworking environments. Only total gravimetric measures of airborne dusts or mists were considered, usually with restriction to the respirable fraction. Aggregate cancer excess risk was estimated from the few studies with adequate retrospective exposure assessments and work history. Lifetime risk was calculated. Annual proportional loss of respiratory capacity was evaluated, using a benchmark dose procedure. Incidence of asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was examined as were aggregate symptoms focusing largely on respiratory complaints. For MWF exposure to 0.1 mg/m 3 over 45 yr, the lifetime risk of attributable cancer was about 3.5% and attributable respiratory impairment would occur in 4.5% of workers. Lifetime risk of asthma or HP (under outbreak conditions) was 80% at 0.1 mg/m 3 . After 45 yr at 0.1 mg/m 3 MWF, excess prevalence of primarily respiratory symptoms would be 9 percent based on published studies, and 20 percent from NIOSH investigations.
Use of signature-tagged mutagenesis to identify genes associated with colonization of sheep by E. coli O157:H7.

Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the United States due to contaminated foods are a public health issue and a continuing problem. The major reservoir for these organisms is the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants where they are a member of the resident microbiota. Several factors that contribute to the colonization of cattle have been identified, but a systematic screen of genes that might contribute to the colonization and persistence phenotype in mature ruminants has not been reported. Using a sheep model of persistence, signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) was used to screen 1326 mutants for a persistence-negative phenotype of E. coli O157:H7. We identified 9 genes by STM that appeared to be required for colonization and/or survival in sheep. Three of the genes had functions associated with central metabolism (thiK, ftrA and nrdB), one was involved with LPS formation (wbdP), one encodes a non-LEE encoded effector protein (nleB) and one was a methyltransferase encoded on a prophage (Z2389). The remaining three genes did not have homology with any known genes. Six sheep given ΔwbdP and 2 sheep each were given mutants (ΔthiK (Z1745), ΔftrA (Z2164) and Z2389). The ΔwbdP mutant was recovered from the feces of 4/6 sheep at 6 days pi with a mean number of 1.42 log10 CFU/g feces compared to 4.6 log10 CFU/g feces for the wild type strain. This difference was significant (P < 0.001) over the time course of the experiment (days 6–23). Both ΔthiK and ΔftrA mutants were recovered from 1 of 2 sheep at 9 days PI by enrichment procedures (<50 CFU/g feces) whereas mutant Z2389 was not recovered from either animal past 2 days pi. The roles of all of these gene products require further study to determine how the persistence phenotype of a given strain of E. coli O157:H7 interacts with host factors.
A Decentralized Proximal-Gradient Method With Network Independent Step-Sizes and Separated Convergence Rates

This paper proposes a novel proximal-gradient algorithm for a decentralized optimization problem with a composite objective containing smooth and nonsmooth terms. Specifically, the smooth and nonsmooth terms are dealt with by gradient and proximal updates, respectively. The proposed algorithm is closely related to a previous algorithm, PG-EXTRA (W. Shi, Q. Ling, G. Wu, and W. Yin, “A proximal gradient algorithm for decentralized composite optimization,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 63, no. 22, pp. 6013-6023, 2015), but has a few advantages. First of all, agents use uncoordinated step-sizes, and the stable upper bounds on step-sizes are independent of network topologies. The step-sizes depend on local objective functions, and they can be as large as those of the gradient descent. Second, for the special case without nonsmooth terms, linear convergence can be achieved under the strong convexity assumption. The dependence of the convergence rate on the objective functions and the network are separated, and the convergence rate of the new algorithm is as good as one of the two convergence rates that match the typical rates for the general gradient descent and the consensus averaging. We provide numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of the introduced algorithm and validate our theoretical discoveries.
Development of local dynamic mode decomposition with control: Application to model predictive control of hydraulic fracturing

Abstract Dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc) is a modal decomposition method that extracts dynamically relevant spatial structures disambiguating between the underlying dynamics and the effects of actuation. In this work, we extend the concepts of DMDc to better capture the local dynamics associated with highly nonlinear processes and develop temporally local reduced-order models that accurately describe the fully-resolved data. In this context, we first partition the data into clusters using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming based optimization algorithm, the Global Optimum Search, which incorporates an added feature of predicting the optimal number of clusters. Next, we compute the reduced-order models tailored to each cluster by applying DMDc within each cluster. The developed models are subsequently used to compute approximate solutions to the original high-dimensional system and to design a feedback control system of hydraulic fracturing processes for the computation of optimal pumping schedules.
A Research Agenda for Communication Scholars in the Precision Medicine Era

The 2015 announcement of the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) galvanized and energized efforts to reconsider medical practice through tailoring of prevention and treatment recommendations based on genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Numerous disciplines contributed white papers identifying challenges associated with PMI and calling for discipline-specific research that might provide solutions to such challenges. Throughout these white papers, the prominence of communication in achieving the PMI's goals is obviously apparent. In this article, we highlight opportunities for communication scholars' contributions to the PMI based on challenges identified in white papers from other disciplines and work already conducted by research teams in the field of communication.
An efficient digital sliding controller for adaptive power supply regulation

An efficient digital sliding controller for adaptive power supply regulation is presented. A widely used technique for switching power supplies is analog sliding control, and it is known for its robust stability and fast transient response. However, adaptive power supply control tries to regulate the delay and favors a digital controller over conventional analog controllers, which regulate the voltage. A novel reformulation of the sliding control law enables a simple digital implementation that also integrates the reference circuit into the sensor. The digital sliding controller operates at the regulated variable supply, so its power dissipation also scales. The prototype chip fabricated in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology demonstrates a power efficiency of 89-95% over the regulated voltage range of 1.1 V-2.3 V.
Foodborne Trematodes: Paragonimus and Fasciola

Digenetic trematodes comprise one of the most common groups of parasitic worms. Over a hundred species of digenetic trematodes have been recorded from human hosts. In the present chapter, trematodes of two genera, Paragonimus and Fasciola, will be discussed in detail including their geographic distribution, life cycles, epidemiology, and clinical aspects of disease. Knowledge of the transmission and development of the parasites is necessary to control the trematode populations and to prevent their respective diseases. Control and eradication of the diseases can be achieved through treatment, improved sanitation and agricultural practices, and cjanges in cultural and food practices.
Privacy Preserving, Crowd Sourced Crime Hawkes Processes

Social sensing plays an important role in crime analytics and predictive policing. When humans play the role of sensor, several issues around privacy and trust emerge that must be carefully handled. We provide a framework for deploying predictive crime models based upon crowd-sourced information (crime reports, tips, Nextdoor posts, etc.) while protecting individual privacy and striving for a high level of algorithmic transparency. For this purpose we introduce a novel online Hawkes process estimation algorithm requiring no event history coupled with an online k-means type algorithm based upon the word movers distance. We illustrate the methodology using synthetic data, crime report data from Los Angeles, and public safety posts from Nextdoor in Indianapolis. In particular, we show that privacy and transparency can be maintained without sacrificing accuracy in space-time models of criminal incidents. Furthermore, our methodology provides a framework for sharing of information between private companies collecting crime tips or public safety information, law enforcement agencies, and the general public.