cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer Image Processing And Recognition

An introduction to the computer image processing and recognition techniques applied for accurately locating an object are presented in this paper. The accurate measurement of three dimensional position requires a camera calibration process as well as the determination of corresponding image points in two images. The accuracy of the three dimensional measurement depends upon the accuracy of the image matching solution. Since there are a variety of image matching techniques, the pattern recognition guidelines are reviewed which indicate that the optimum features are nonlinear, a posteriori probabilities of the measurements. These optimum features also maximize the trace of the between class scattermatrix normalized by the mixture scattermatrix. However, the theoretical guidelines do not indicate simple measurement methods for the optimum features. Therefore, some experimental examples are presented which illustrate some practical solutions to the problem.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An N-Path Switched-Capacitor Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Achieving 13.9× Power Extraction Improvement

This paper presents an N-path switched-capacitor rectifier which is capable of realizing staircase conjugate impedance matching, without the use of inductors, to maximize the power transfer from a piezoelectric transducer. Measurements of the 0.18μm CMOS prototype demonstrate 13.9× improvement in extracted power compared to an ideal full-bridge rectifier.
Cerebral hemodynamics in peritoneal dialysis versus intermittent hemodialysis: A transcranial Doppler pilot study:

This study evaluated intradialytic cerebral hemodynamics measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) versus nightly peritoneal dialysis (NIPD). Intradialytic TCD was serially performed in chronic dialysis patients receiving iHD (n = 10) and NIPD (n = 10). A linear mixed model was used to model mean flow velocity (MFV), pulsatility index (PI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as functions of time and treatment group. Intradialytic cerebral volatility (IDCV) was calculated using the coefficient of variation (CV) and mean absolute value of change (AVC) of each patient's MFV, PI, and MAP values over time. Mixed model analyses found no significant difference between MFV, PI, and MAP treatment groups in change over time, though volatility differed significantly. Mean CV values for MFV, PI, and MAP were higher in iHD than NIPD (MFV 0.22 vs. 0.10, p = 0.005; PI 0.14 vs. 0.08, p = 0.003; MAP 0.057 vs. 0.032, p = 0.009). AVC values were similarly higher in iHD compared to NIPD (MFV 8.26 vs. 4.43, p = 0.04; PI 0.17 vs. 0.084, p < 0.001; MAP 6.05 vs. 2.9, p = 0.003). PI, MFV, and MAP were more stable in NIPD than iHD, as measured by intradialytic TCD monitoring. This study identifies IDCV as a unique TCD metric for intradialytic cerebral hemodynamics.
On the Utility of Coated POSS-Polyimides for Vehicles in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO)

The environment encountered by space vehicles in very low Earth orbit (VLEO, 180 – 350 km altitude) contains predominantly atomic oxygen (AO) and molecular nitrogen (N2), which collide with ram surfaces at relative velocities of ~7.5 km s-1. Structural, thermal-control, and coating materials containing organic polymers are particularly susceptible to AO attack at these high velocities, resulting in erosion, roughening, and degradation of function. Copolymerization or blending of a polymer with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) yields a material that can resist AO attack through the formation of a passivating silicon-oxide layer. Still, these hybrid organic/inorganic polymers become rough through AO reactions as the passivating layer is forming. Surface roughness may enhance satellite drag because it promotes energy transfer and scattering angle randomization during gas-surface collisions. As potential low-drag and AO-resistant materials, we have investigated POSS-containing films of clear and Kapton-like polyimides that have an atomically smooth AO-resistant coating of Al2O3 that is grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Coated and uncoated films were exposed to hyperthermal molecular beams containing atomic and molecular oxygen to investigate their AO resistance, and molecular beam-surface scattering studies were conducted to characterize the gas-surface scattering dynamics on pristine and AO-exposed surfaces to inform drag predictions. The AO erosion yield of Al2O3 ALD-coated films is essentially zero. Simulations of drag on a representative satellite structure that are based on the observed scattering dynamics suggest that the use of the Al2O3 ALD-coated POSS-polyimides on external satellite surfaces have the potential to reduce drag to less than half that predicted for diffuse scattering surfaces. These smooth and AO-resistant polymer films thus show promise for use in the extreme oxidizing and high-drag environment in VLEO.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Viewpoint—Surgery

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disabling disease that is characterized by sharp stabbing unilateral pain that is intermittent in nature. The treatments range from pharmaceutical management to invasive surgical treatments. In addition, stereotactic radiosurgery is a new well-established treatment modality for this complex pathologic process. This chapter summarizes major treatment options from the surgical standpoint. The treatment methods should be individualized to patients with respect to their age, comorbidities, and underlying pathologies.
Coupled Geometry-Driven Diffusion Equations for Low-Level Vision

This chapter introduces a number of systems of coupled, nonlinear diffusion equations and investigates their role in noise suppression and edge-preserving smoothing. The basic idea is that several maps describing the image, undergo coupled development towards an equilibrium state, repre- senting the enhanced image. These maps could e.g. contain intensity, local edge strength, range, or another quantity. All these maps, including the edge map, contain continuous rather than all-or-nothing information, following a strategy of least commitment. Each of the approaches has been developed and tested on a parallel transputer network.
Privacy-enhancing cryptography: from theory into practice

We conduct an increasing part of our daily transactions electronically and thereby we leave an eternal electronic trail of personal data. We are almost never able to see what data about us we imprint, where it is processed or where it is stored. Indeed, controlling the dispersal of our data and protecting our privacy has become virtually impossible. In this talk we will investigate the extent to which tools from cryptography and other technical means can help us to regain control of our data and to save our privacy. To this end, we will review the most important of the practical cryptographic mechanisms and discuss how they could be applied. In a second part, we will report on the readiness of the industry to indeed employ such technologies and on how governments address the current erosion of privacy.
True Polar Wander: Linking Deep and Shallow Geodynamics to Hydro- and Biospheric Hypotheses

Inertial adjustment of the solid Earth relative to its core and spin/magnetic-field axis is known as true polar wander (TPW), or sometimes ‘polar wandering.’ TPW interferes with plate motion derivations from apparent polar wander paths, but if the speed and magnitude of TPW is sufficiently fast and large (here labeled ‘type II’ TPW), global paleogeography may be reconstructed in a novel reference frame centered about the TPW axis. We outline such reconstruction using ‘spinner diagrams,’ and we demonstrate schematically that multiple, fast, type II TPW events hypothesized throughout Cryogenian–Ediacaran–Cambrian time may reconstruct the Paleozoic supercontinent Gondwanaland, completely independent of marine magnetic anomalies. This proof of concept strongly argues that fast TPW may be a frequent, as-yet unrecognized phenomenon at other times. We review the intervals of Earth history hypothesized to be marked by significant TPW, and we outline general oceanographic effects and carbon reservoir changes expected to be associated with fast TPW events.
Atypically diffuse functional connectivity between caudate nuclei and cerebral cortex in autism

Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting sociocommunicative behavior, but also sensorimotor skill learning, oculomotor control, and executive functioning. Some of these impairments may be related to abnormalities of the caudate nuclei, which have been reported for autism.
Model-free control of general discrete-time systems

Consider the problem of developing a controller for general (nonlinear) discrete-time systems, where the equations governing the system are unknown. This paper presents an approach based on estimating a controller without building or assuming a model for the system. Such an approach has potential advantages in, e.g., accommodating systems with time-varying dynamics. The controller is constructed through use of a function approximator (FA), such as a neural network or polynomial. This involves the estimation of the unknown parameters within the FA. However, since no functional form is being assumed for the system equations, the gradient of the loss function for use in standard optimization algorithms is not available. Therefore, this paper considers the use of a stochastic approximation algorithm that is based on a simultaneous perturbation gradient approximation, which requires only system measurements (not a system model). It is shown that this algorithm can greatly enhance the efficiency over more standard stochastic approximation algorithms based on finite-difference gradient approximations. >
Validation of OpenFOAM numerical methods and turbulence models for incompressible bluff body flows

Abstract A verification and validation study was performed using the open source computational fluid dynamics solver OpenFOAM version 2.0.0 for incompressible bluff body fluid flows. This includes flow over a backward facing step, a sphere in the subcritical regime, and delta wing with sharp leading edge. The study investigates solver scalability, and accuracy of numerical methods and turbulence models available in the solver. Grid verification study shows mostly monotonic convergence with averaged grid uncertainty
Pfeiffer Country: The Tenant Farms and Business Activities of Paul Pfeiffer in Clay County, Arkansas: 1902-1954

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Sherry Laymon Year: 2009 Pages: 239 Publisher: Butler Center Books ISBN: 978-0980089769 (hard cover).
Modification of tumor-response to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) by hydrocortisone.

SummaryWhen RSV was inoculated into chicks pretreated with large doses of hydrocortisone the tumors appeared later and were greatly altered in appearance. These altered tumors were sharply circumscribed, firm, whitish and grew more slowly than control tumors. When hydrocortisone was discontinued the altered tumors promptly reverted to typically soft and invasive tumors. When lower doses of hydrocortisone were employed or when injections of hydrocortisone were begun after inoculation of RSV the tumors which appeared were typically invasive and grew more rapidly than the controls.
Distribution of Orders of Abelian Groups

(1976). Distribution of Orders of Abelian Groups. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 132-135.
A Catholic Perspective on Capitalism and Economic Democracy: Edward M. Marciniak's Advocacy for Justice

Edward M. Marciniak (1917-2004) was a labor activist and crusader for justice who left his mark on Catholic social action in his native Chicago and beyond. What began as a personal response to depression-era problems evolved into a vocation to challenge the systemic causes of social and economic injustice. He built on his experiences as a Catholic Worker to found the Catholic Labor Alliance in Chicago and dedicated himself to educating workers, employers, and public officials to undertake economic reforms. While he recognized the failures of communism, he did not substitute anti-communism for patriotism. Rather he called for an economic justice that recognized the rights of workers and those of management as an alternative to the unrestricted individualism of American capitalism. His solution was to support economic democracy, often known as the Industrial Council Plan, wherein the interests of workers, management, and government were balanced in a partnership aimed at the common good. As leader of Catholic Labor Alliance and editor of its paper, Work , he was not unique in Catholic social action. However, his blend of idealism and realism, grounded by life in the labor movement trenches and daily rubbing shoulders with the victims of injustice was uncommon. This realism with his constancy and drive made him a voice to be reckoned with in Catholic social action.
Effect of late modulation of nitric oxide production on Murine lupus

Abstract MRL/MpJ- Fas lpr (MRL- lpr ) and New Zealand Black/White (NZB/W) mice develop spontaneous autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and glomerulonephritis that progresses in parallel with increasing systemic nitric oxide (NO) production. A previously published study from our laboratory indicated that oral administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (NMMA) before the onset of clinical disease significantly decreased renal and joint pathology in MRL- lpr mice. To characterize the effect of late modulation of NO production in murine SLE, we administered oral NMMA and/or restricted dietary arginine after disease onset in two murine models of SLE. When receiving combined NMMA and arginine restriction, MRL- lpr mice had reduced joint pathology scores and NZB/W mice had lower renal pathology scores than control mice. These results indicate that modulating NO production after the onset of disease diminishes disease severity in two models of SLE, although not as effectively as treating before disease onset.
Sesquiterpenes from Brintonia discoidea

Abstract Investigation of the roots of Brintonia discoidea resulted in the isolation of 10 eudesmane-type sesquiterpene cinnamates, two of which are new. In
Orbit selection for a Mars geoscience/climatology orbiter

This paper is a presentation of recent work to provide orbit design and selection criteria for a close, nearly polar, nearly circular orbit of Mars. The main aspects of the work are the evaluation of atmospheric drag for altitude selection, the orbit evolution for variations in periapsis altitude, and the interactions of those factors with the science objectives of the MGCO mission. A dynamic model of the Mars atmosphere is available from parallel efforts and the latest estimates of the upper atmospheric density and its time history are incorporated into the analysis to provide a final orbit that satisfies planetary quarantine requirements.
Parental 5-methylcytosine methylation patterns are stable upon inter-species hybridization of Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) fish ☆

Abstract Cytosine methylation appears to be established as an important DNA base modification involved in regulation of gene expression but is poorly understood from an evolutionary viewpoint. Xiphophorus progeny from inter-species crosses and backcrosses that are utilized in contemporary tumor induction studies were analyzed for cytosine methylation pattern inheritance using Southern blot analyses. Methylation patterns at CCGG sequences of 411 independent chromosomes in three distinct inter-species crosses were analyzed. In every case the non-recurrent parental methylation pattern remained unaltered for each of the genes studied, once introduced into the recurrent parental genetic background. Through F 1 inter-species hybridization and succeeding meiosises leading to first generation (BC 1 ) and second generation (BC 2 ) backcross hybrid progeny, we demonstrate that parental species methylation patterns are stable.
Decompositions into linear forests and difference labelings of graphs

Abstract Difference labelings of a graph are realized by assigning distinct integer values to each vertex and then associating with each edge uv, the absolute difference of those values assigned to its endvertices u and v. Labelings of this type include bandsize labelings, in which the cardinality of the edge label set is minimized, and graceful labelings, in which the cardinality of the edge label set equals the number of edges. Three new classes of difference labeling problems are defined here, based on the fact that the subsets of edges with common edge labels form linear forests that partition the edge set. In particular, the following three questions are addressed: (1) Given graph G with edge set E(G) and a decomposition D of G into linear forests, does there exist a labeling of the vertices of G for which D is a common-weight decomposition? (2) Given graph G with edge set E(G) and a collection of linear forests F1, F2, … , Fk containing a total of |E| edges, does there exist a common-weight decomposition of G whose parts are respectively isomorphic to F1, F2, … , Fk? (3) Given graph G with edge set E(G) and a set of integers m1, m2, … , mk whose sum is |E|, does there exist a common-weight decomposition of G whose parts contain |Ei| = mi (1 ⩽ i ⩽ k) edges? Answers to these questions for certain classes of graphs are found, tools for studying these questions are developed, and some open problems are formulated.
A dimerization model for the concentration dependent photophysical properties of diphenylhexatriene and its phospholipid derivatives. DPHpPC and DPHpPA

We have investigated the reason for the sensitivity of the fluorescence excited-state lifetime of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and its phospholipid derivatives, 1-palmitoyl-2-[2-[4-(6-phenyl-trans-1,3,5- hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl)carbonyl)-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DPHpPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-[2-[4-(6-phenyl-trans-1,3,5- hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl)carbonyl)-3-sn-phosphatidic acid (DPHpPA), to the concentration of these probes in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar membranes (Barrow, D. A., and B. R. Lentz, 1985. Biophys. J. 48:221–234; Parente, R. A., and B. R. Lentz. 1985. Biochemistry. 24:6178–6185). We have interpreted self-quenching data, excitation and emission spectra, and phase and modulation lifetime data in terms of a model that envisions dimerization of these probes in a membrane bilayer. It is proposed that dimerization alters the symmetry of the DPH excited state so as to allow more rapid decay via the normally symmetry-disallowed route from the 1Ag* state. Global analysis of fluorescence phase shift and modulation ratio data for DPHpPC in terms of the dimerization model provided a good fit of these data as a function of both modulation frequency and probe concentration. Global analysis of a similar set of data for the charged phosphatide DPHpPA predicted that this probe was much less prone to dimerize than was the uncharged DPHpPC. This physically reasonable result provides support for the assumptions made in the development of our model. We conclude that the dimerization model allows rationalization of many of the anomalous photophysical properties of DPH and its derivatives in membranes.
Athletes in flow: A qualitative investigation of flow states in elite figure skaters

Abstract A qualitative investigation into the flow experiences of elite figure skaters was conducted in order to gain greater insight into the nature of flow in sport. Sixteen former US National Champion Figure Skaters, who held their titles between 1985–1990, were interviewed on an optimal skating experience, and then questioned extensively about factors associated with achieving optimal, or flow states, during performance. Factors perceived as most important for getting into flow included a positive mental attitude, positive pre-competitive and competitive affect, maintaining appropriate focus, physical readiness, and for some pairsldance skaters, unity with partner. Those factors which were perceived to prevent or disrupt flow included physical problems/mistakes, an inability to maintain focus, a negative mental attitude, and lack of audience response. The skaters placed very high value on Row-like states, and their descriptions of what was occurring during optimal skating experiences paralleled many o...
Immigrant Families and Children (Re)Develop Identities in a New Context

Resolving conflicting linguistic traditions and struggling with new identities are significant challenges for immigrants to the United States. This case study introduces an immigrant mother from Mexico who renamed her youngest son on his first day of first grade to avoid the widespread stereotypes and academic stagnation experienced by her two older sons. Such (re)naming practices constitute and represent the very precarious social and institutional relationships taking place in schools involving immigrant children. In this case study, there was indication of negative aspects of assimilation processes taking place as the family adapted to a new culture and language. For example, the misconception is still widespread that efforts to learn two languages rather than just one diminish a child’s ability to learn other things, which should be learned. However, research in language acquisition and development, points to bilingualism and multilingualism as resources rather than deficits (Souto-Manning, 2006).
IBM's PowerEN Developer Cloud: Fertile ground for academic research

IBM's newest technology, the Power Edge of Network (PowerEN) processor, merges network and server attributes to create a new class of wire-speed processor. PowerEN is a hybrid computer that employs: massive multithreading capabilities, integrated I/O and unique special-purpose accelerators for compression, cryptography, pattern matching, XML and Network processing. As a novel architecture, the PowerEN processor offers fertile ground for research. It can facilitate the development of faster applications in many fields of computer science such as Networking, Cryptography, Virtualization, Bioinformatics, SOA, and Systems. IBM encourages academic research and has set up the “PowerEN Developer Cloud” infrastructure to allow it. Israeli universities are of the first to perform research on this global infrastructure.
Vector competence of three Venezuelan mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for an epizootic IC strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

Experimental studies were undertaken to evaluate the vector competence of selected mosquito species [ Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex declarator Dyar and Knab, and Mansonia titillans (Walker)] from northwestern Venezuela for the epizootic (IC) strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus that was responsible for the 1995 outbreak of VEE in this area. Ae. taeniorhynchus was highly susceptible to infection (94% of 35), and 89% had a disseminated infection. Virus-exposed Ae. taeniorhynchus that refed on susceptible hamsters readily transmitted virus, confirming that this species was an efficient vector of VEE virus. In contrast, only 1 of 28 (4%) Cx. declarator was infected, and that individual did not develop a disseminated infection. Ma. titillans was moderately susceptible (3 of 8 infected, 38%), and 2 (25%) of these had a disseminated infection. These data indicate that Ae. taeniorhynchus was an important epizootic vector during the 1995 VEE outbreak in Columbia and Venezuela.
T. H. morgan as invertebrate embryologist

Summary T. H. Morgan is known primarily for his work in genetics and for his “conversion” to the Mendelian-chromosome theory of inheritance in 1910. Standard accounts represent this conversion as evidence of Morgan's having seen the light of truth and progress in science and of his having cast off the shackles of his old embryological and morphological approach. In contrast, this paper suggests that the primary roots of Morgan's interest in heredity and development both lie in his work of the 1890s, and can be seen clearly in the work of 1895 at the Naples Zoological Station, where Morgan intensively studied isolated blastomeres of marine invertebrate eggs.
Short Term Price and Dealing Effects in Selected Market Segments

Changes in relative price and dealing activity are likely to affect different segments of the market in different ways. A distributed lag model is developed for predicting a firm’s market share over a period of weeks from knowledge of the changes in these variables. It is tested on aggregate data for a metropolitan market, and applied to data for three classes of underlying segments. The bases for segmenting the market are by family purchasing characteristic, package size, and channel of distribution.
Film boiling of Freon 113, Normal Pentane, Cyclopentane, and Benzene from cylindrical surfaces at moderate pressures

Abstract An investigation of film boiling heat transfer in saturated pools of liquid Freon 113, normal pentane, cyclopentane and benzene was conducted. The fluids were boiled from copper, cylindrical heattransfer surfaces 0.0762m (3 in) long, and 0.01397,0.01905 and 0.0254m (0.55,0.75 and 1.0 in) in diameter. The data covers a moderate range of pressures up to 1.67 (10)6 N/m2 (242.5 psia). The experimental data are compared with existing film boiling correlations. The existing film boiling correlations were found to be inadequate in predicting heat-transfer coefficients for the conditions of this investigation.
Localized Heating for Building Energy Efficiency

Commercial and residential buildings account for a large share of any country's energy consumption (e.g., 40% of total energy consumption in the United States). Within buildings, a major portion of the expended energy is used to provide heating and cooling. However, most buildings are heated and cooled regardless of the occupants' locations, presenting a significant opportunity for improving their energy efficiency. Zonal heating and cooling systems eliminate some of this waste, but are still limited by the large granularity of zones (e.g., floors of a building). In this paper, we propose a localized heating system that significantly reduces energy consumption due to heating. Our system utilizes radiant heaters to provide directed heat to occupants and enables the temperature setting in the central heating system to be lowered, resulting in significant net energy savings. To appropriately direct radiant heating, our system utilizes a minimally-intrusive indoor positioning system capable of locating the occupants. We analyze the heating energy and cost savings achievable from the proposed system using a representative set of building models in the EnergyPlus simulation framework. Our analysis indicates that the proposed localized heating system can provide average savings of 52% in heating energy (maximum of 76%) and 46% in heating cost (maximum of 59%) when compared to a system that uses central heating alone. Our results highlight the potential of localized heating techniques in enhancing building energy efficiency.
Stress and the High School Senior: Implications for Instruction:

The research conducted by these writers reinforced what is already known about how students are affect ed by stress. On the following pages, they discuss their findings and some implications for educators.
Theoretical and Operational Conceptualizations of Psychological Androgyny: Implications for Measurement

Research has demonstrated that the original operationalization of psychological androgyny using the t-ratio procedure accurately represents four of its five fundamental theoretical components. A new operationalization of androgyny, the median split technique, has recently been adopted, and this procedure also adequately denotes the same four theoretical components. However, the two procedures differ in the distribution of scores produced and in the results obtained in two recent studies. The implications of these differences are discussed and future directions for the measurement of psychological androgyny are investigated.
Isoflurane pretreatment increases survival in a rat model of sepsis

Anesthetics attenuate cytokine production in various models of endotoxic shock. Few studies have shown the effect of anesthetics on the ultimate end-point, death. The literature suggests Isoflurane can inhibit the onset but not the progression of the inflammatory cascade. Thus, we hypothesize that Isoflurane will increase survival of rats receiving a lethal dose (LD50) of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that this protective effect requires that Isoflurane be given before the endotoxic insult. The effect of Isoflurane on mortality was studied by inducing sepsis using the LD50 of LPS in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fasted and then randomized into 4 groups: Isoflurane 2 h before LPS, Isoflurane and LPS simultaneously, or Isoflurane 2 h after LPS. All 3 groups received 30 min of Isoflurane 2%. The fourth group received LPS alone without any durable exposure to Isoflurane. Rats were observed for survival. Isoflurane pretreatment increased survival by 30% compared to LPS alone and was significantly better compared to simultaneous or posttreatment (P < 0.011). Rats that received Isoflurane simultaneously with or after LPS had 20% less survival then rats in the LPS alone group. Isoflurane is recognized as having potent anti-inflammatory effects. These effects can significantly increase survival in the rat model of sepsis. The protective effect of Isoflurane necessitates administration prior to the inflammatory insult. The use of Isoflurane may be useful in critical care patients who face a profound septic risk such as burn victims. Download full-size image
Effect of Phenylboric Acid in duplicating the Morphology and the Associated Activity of Certain Oxidative Enzymes of a Pea Mutant

WE have found1 a correlation between a leaf-shape mutant in the tomato “lanceolate” (La+/La) and the level of activity of several oxidative enzymes. Haccius and Garrecht2 reported that treatment of wild type tomato with phenylboric acid (PhB) duplicated the morphological effect of La+/La, and in a later report3 I showed that treatment with PhB simulates the effect of the La allele also with respect to the associated increase in the level of activity of tyrosinase, laccase, peroxidase and catalase. I proposed3–5 that the primary action of PhB, as well as that of the gene La, is to cause the increase in the level of activity of these four oxidative enzymes and that they in turn, among other factors, affect the form of the leaf in the tomato. Haccius and Wilhelmi6 recently reported that PhB also simulates the morphological effect of several mutant genes affecting flowers in peas.
Acquired uniparental disomy of chromosome 9p is a frequent stem cell defect in polycythemia vera.

Abstract Objectives Clonal stem cell proliferation and increased erythrocyte mass are hallmarks of the myeloproliferative disorder polycythemia vera (PV). The molecular basis of PV is unknown. Methods We carried out a genome-wide screening for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and analyzed candidate genes within the LOH loci. Results Three genomic regions were identified on chromosomes 9p, 10q, and 11q. The presence of these LOHs in both myeloid and lymphoid cells indicated their stem cell origin. The 9pLOH prevalence is ∼33% and is the most frequent chromosomal lesion described in PV so far. We report that the 9pLOH is due to mitotic recombination and therefore remains undetectable by cytogenetic analysis. Nineteen candidate genes were selected within the 9pLOH region for sequencing and expression analysis. No mutations were found in these genes; however, unexpectedly, increased expression of the transcription factor NFI-B was detected in granulocytes and CD34+ cells in PV with 9pLOH. Since a member of the NFI gene family (NFI-X) was reported to result in TGF-β resistance when overexpressed in vitro (TGF-β is a known inhibitor of hematopoiesis), we transfected the NFI-B gene to the mouse 32D cell line. We found that overexpression of the NFI-B gene confers TGF-β resistance in vitro. Conclusions We characterized a new region on chromosome 9p frequently involved in LOH in PV. Analysis of genes within this 9pLOH region revealed increased expression of the NFI-B gene. Our in vitro studies suggest that TGF-β resistance may be the physiologic mechanism of clonal stem cell expansion in PV.
Comparative study of the kinetic behavior of the bifunctional and trifunctional catalysts in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane

Abstract The results of this work show that when Zn species are loaded in well-defined amounts onto the bifunctional catalyst Pt-HY and by using particular impregnation techniques, cracking is almost suppressed within the range of reaction temperature investigated. Our concept of trifunctional catalyst suggests that Zn2+ ions behave as sorption competitors of the zeolite acid sites so that the residence time of the alkylcarbocationic intermediates on these acid sites is shortened, reducing therefore the negative effect of cracking. This concept is equivalent to the “ideal” mechanism proposed by Guisnet et al., according to which, once the branched olefin is desorbed from the acid site, the probability to have the encounter with a new acid site is slight, in deep contrast with other “non-ideal mechanisms”.
Difference in metabolism of labelled thyroxine between thyrotropic and adrenotropic mouse pituitary tumours.

LITTLE is known about the mechanisms within the pituitary which are involved in the control of thyrotropin secretion exerted by circulating thyroid hormone. In the work reported here mouse pituitary tumours were used to examine this problem since each of these several tumour types reflects quite closely the behaviour of its prototype cell in the normal pituitary. The results suggest there may be a special thyrotropin-secreting cell with an unusual pattern of metabolism for thyroxine. Thus, mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumours were found to contain large amounts of labelled 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3*) 4 hr. after injection intraperitoneally of labelled thyroxine (T4*), whereas mouse pituitary adrenotropic tumours and other tissues contained none.
Sexual Compulsivity and 12-Step Peer and Sponsor Supportive Communication: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

Is it the supportive communication received through 12-step processes that enables addicts to change their behavior, or is it that addicts who are motivated to change their behavior diligently attend to 12-step processes? A retrospective two-wave panel design was employed to address these competing perspectives. Higher levels of meeting attendance and sponsor work at an earlier period in participants’ lives were associated with lower levels of sexual compulsivity at a later period in their lives. However, time-one meeting attendance and sponsor work did not explain interindividual change in sexual compulsivity from time-one to time-two, a stricter test of the validity of cross-lagged associations. Options for methodological improvements to increase the power of future inquiries are outlined.
Missing Data in Longitudinal Studies: Strategies for Bayesian Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis by DANIELS, M. J. and HOGAN, J. W.

In most studies, the intended (full) data, i.e., the data that the study investigators wish to collect, are inevitably incompletely observed. In modern studies, the full data are typically high dimensional, usually comprising many baseline and timevarying variables. Scientific interest, however, often focuses on some low-dimensional parameter of the distribution of the full data. Specification of realistic parametric models for the mechanism generating high-dimensional data is most often very challenging, if not impossible. Nonparametric and semiparametric models, i.e., models in which the data-generating process is characterized by parameters ranging over a large, non-Euclidean, space and, possibly, also a few meaningful real-valued parameters, meet the analytic challenge posed by these high-dimensional data because they do not make assumptions about the components of the full data distribution that are of little scientific interest. Analytic strategies based on semiparametric models avoid the possibility of incorrect inferences due to misspecification of models for the secondary parts of the full data law. Drawing from the modern theory of semiparametric efficient inference developed since the 1980s, Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) derived a general estimating equations methodology in coarsened, i.e., incompletely observed, data models under nonor semiparametric models for arbitrary full data configurations. This methodology, based on the geometry of scores and influence functions, applies when the
“It's Better Life Here Than There”: Elasticity and Ambivalence in Narratives of Personal Experience

This article investigates when and how narratives of personal experience and displacement reference and characterize dimensions of time and space, with a focus on how temporal elasticity might serve as an interactional resource. Examining the dynamic, situated, and intertwined nature of such narratives, the analysis looks at how past–present–future/there–here experiences are described and characterized in the qualitative research interview. By illuminating the ways in which temporal elasticity and temporal border crossing are dynamic, emergent, and dialogic resources for the narrator, the analysis demonstrates a powerful way to investigate the experiences of simultaneity (Levitt & Glick Schiller, 2008) that accompany movement (of people, ideas, and practices) across spatial and temporal borders.
The Four Doctors

The Four Doctors (1906) represented not only one of the best paintings of the noted artist John Singer Sargent (1856-1925) but a dominant change in the practice of American medicine of the day. The Four Doctors were the four distinguished founders of the Johns Hopkins Medical School: William Welch (1850-1934), William Osler (1849-1919), William Halsted (1852-1922) and Howard Kelly (1858-1943). The Four Doctors were the essence of the best medicine and surgery practiced in the United States. They were a new sophisticated group of medical professionals. They were the force behind significant developments in the medicine of America and the medicine of the world. In preparing for this monumental canvas, Sargent brought the four founders to his studio in London. With careful attention to detail, the four professors, were depicted in their solemn academic gowns, with a Venetian globe and the El Greco replica of St. Martin and the Beggar forming a most impressive background. "We have got our picture," the pleased master painter exclaimed. With the completion of this remarkable work of art, the medical establishment was left with a clear and memorable example of the medical and surgical pioneers of modern American medicine.
Epidemiology of Diarrhea Due to Rotavirus on an Indian Reservation: Risk Factors in the Home Environment

Analysis of outpatient visits for diarrheal disease at the San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona, during 1977-1979 revealed a sharp increase in cases of infantile gastroenteritis of unknown etiology in October and November of each year. During the 1980 autumn diarrhea season, 19 patients and 12 control subjects were selected from among outpatients under two years of age and were interviewed and studied for bacterial and viral enteric pathogens. Eleven (58%) of 19 patients and two (170%) of 12 control subjects were positive for fecal rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P = 0.03). Ten (91%) of 11 rotavirus-positive patients were under one year of age. The most significant risk factor for illness was the presence of a household contact under the age of two years (P = 0.004). Dog ownership was also associated with rotavirus infection (P = 0.05). Seroepidemiologic studies in both developed and developing countries show that most children acquire antibody to rotavirus before three years of age [1, 2]. Early exposure to the virus is universal in spite of strikingly different sanitary conditions in different countries. However, hospital-based studies indicate that the median age of patients with diarrhea due to rotavirus differs among various ethnic subpopulations in the same geo
Mechanism of cholesterol gallstone dissolution. I. The determination of the binding of alkyl amines to bile micelles using dynamic membrane transport methods

Abstract Recent studies have shown that cholesterol monohydrate pellet dissolution rates in real and synthetic bile systems are enhanced dramatically in the presence of small concentrations of amines (primary, secondary, and tertiary), quaternary ammonium compounds, and cationic surfactants. These studies have shown that, in general, chain length, the degree of hydrophobicity, the ability to alter micellar charge, as well as the steric or structural features of these molecules seem to be important. In all of the past studies, however, the situations have been complicated by the fact that the accelerator molecules in question were bound to varying degrees to the micelles and other components of the synthetic bile. Meaningful structure activity relationships can only be considered when the concentrations of bound and unbound drug are known. A dynamic cellulose membrane dialysis technique was used; in evaluating the validity of the technique for the present purposes the following factors were considered: (a) the possible influence of membrane charge on dialysis, (b) the possible influence of bile acid-lecithin micelles on dialysis rate, (c) the possible influence of pore size and molecular structure on dialysis rate, and finally (d) the influence of Donnan membrane effects. Some of the results obtained using this technique were compared to the results obtained using the silicone rubber membrane system. There is very good agreement between the data obtained using the two methods. Thus, the good agreement underscores the validity of either method and rules out, for example, the possibility that an amine-chenodeoxycholate complex is being transported across either or both membranes.
The possible occurrence of exciton-enhanced secondary emission

Synopsis A theoretical study is made of the possible occurrence of exciton-enhanced secondary emission in insulators containing donor levels. It is assumed that the primary beam produces, besides secondary electrons, excitons; the latter may ionize donors and thereby enhance the secondary yield. The discussion is limited to high primary energies, so that the range of the primaries is large compared to the diffusion length of the excitons. It is concluded that the enhancement may be considerable if the destruction of excitons at the surface is not too large.
Popular memory, public performance, and demands for citizenship in urban Cochabamba and Buenos Aires: a review

By the year 2050, seventy-five percent of the world's population will reside in cities, and much of it will be poor (Scholar 2006,3). Three quarters of the population of Latin America now lives in dense urban settlements, which experienced a 40% growth in population between 1960-2000 (NACLA 2007). As powerful forces of globalization1 and migration exert their inexorable influence on people's lives, growing divisions between people and communities diminish access to justice and human rights. According to Stuart Hall (2006), this urban "dystopia" has worsened in the past three decades, leading one to imagine that life in cities is on its way to becoming more (miserably) similar in nature, regardless of the city in which one lives. The two works under review provide an instructive opportunity to reflect upon assertions that life in any Latin American city is like that in any other. In many ways, the cities chosen for comparison could not be more different. Cochabamba is a landlocked, third-largest city in Bolivia with a population of under one million, while nearly 13 million people live in the Atlantic port city of Buenos Aires, the
Gradient residual stress induced elastic deformation of multilayer MEMS structures

Multilayered structures are widely used as sensing or actuating components in MEMS devices. Since the thin films of multilayered structures are always subject to residual stresses, it is important to model the relation between these residual stresses and the resultant elastic deformation. The main purpose of this paper is to explore two different approaches to addressing this issue when the residual stress in each thin film is not necessarily uniform throughout the thickness. These two approaches are first briefly introduced and then used to arrive at identical solutions for a monolayer cantilever and a bilayer cantilever, both with arbitrary residual strain distributions throughout the thickness. The analytical formulas for a bilayer cantilever are further verified by the numerical simulation of a special case. After the discussion on the errors induced by assuming the gradient residual strains in the bilayer cantilevers are uniform, the relation between the bending plane and the neutral plane in bilayer cantilevers is also explored. Finally, we present an approach to characterizing residual stresses in thin films by using micromachined bilayer cantilevers in conjunction with the theory developed in this paper.
Persistence of non‐native spore forming bacteria in drinking water biofilm and evaluation of decontamination methods

Persistence of Bacillus globigii spores, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, was studied on biofouled concrete‐lined slides in drinking water using biofilm annular reactors. Reactors were inoculated with B. globigii spores and persistence was monitored in the bulk and biofilm phases, first in dechlorinated water and later with free chlorine concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/L. In the dechlorinated study, a steady state population of spores developed on the slides. The addition of free chlorine at 5 mg/L decreased the adhered spore density by 2‐logs within 4 hours and spores were not detected after 67 and 49 hours in the presence of 1 and 5 mg/L free chlorine, respectively. This suggests that adhered spores can persist in non‐chlorinated conditions, but detach and/or are inactivated upon addition of free chlorine. When injected into a chlorinated reactor, adhered spore density continually decreased and spores were either undetectable or unquantifiable by 48 hours for both 1 and 5 mg/L chlorine concentrations. R...
Fundamental Investigation of Protein Partitioning in Two-Phase Aqueous Mixed (Nonionic/Ionic) Micellar Systems

To fundamentally understand the partitioning behavior of hydrophilic, water-soluble proteins in two-phase aqueous mixed (nonionic/ionic) micellar systems, both experimental and theoretical studies were conducted. The results from the experimental study demonstrate proof-of-principle that the two-phase aqueous mixed (nonionic n-decyl tetra(ethylene oxide) (C10E4)/anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) micellar system can be used to modulate both excluded-volume and electrostatic interactions between the charged proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, ovalbumin, and catalase) and the charged mixed micelles. Although the results are physically intuitive (net positively charged proteins are attracted electrostatically into the phase with the greater number of negatively charged micelles, while net negatively charged proteins are repelled electrostatically from that phase), the study presented in this paper is the first to combine experiment with theory to unequivocally probe the electrostatic interactions operating ...