cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endogenous adenosine and coronary vasoconstriction in hypoperfused myocardium during exercise.

Objective: The coronary circulation has been shown to remain responsive to vasodilator and vasoconstrictor stimuli during myocardial ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endogenous adenosine attenuates coronary vasoconstriction caused by the thromboxane A2 analogue, U46619. Methods: Nine chronically instrumented dogs were studied during treadmill exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis which resulted in distal left circumflex coronary artery hypoperfusion. Myocardial blood flow was assessed with radioactive microspheres during exercise prior to and during intracoronary infusion of U46619 (0.01 μg·kg−1·min−1), in the absence and the presence of adenosine receptor blockade with intravenous 8-phenyltheophylline (5 mg·kg−1) and intracoronary adenosine deaminase (50 units·kg−1). Distal coronary pressure was maintained constant during the control stenosis and the three interventions, at 49(SEM 3), 50(3), 50(3), and 50(3) mm Hg. Results: During control exercise mean myocardial blood flow was 0.91(0.09) ml·min−1·g−1 in the stenosis region and 2.54(0.28) in the normal region. With no change in distal coronary pressure, U46619 decreased mean myocardial blood flow to 0.70(0.10) ml·min−1g−1 (p < 0.05). Adenosine blockade alone decreased myocardial blood flow in the stenosis region to 0.60(0.07) ml·min−1·g−1 (p < 0.05 v control stenosis), indicating that endogenous adenosine contributed to coronary vasodilatation in the ischaemic region. However, adenosine blockade did not augment the vasoconstriction in response to U46619 [mean myocardial blood flow 0.49(0.05) ml·min−1·g−1), indicating that endogenous adenosine did not attenuate the vasoconstriction caused by U46619. Conclusions: Endogenous adenosine contributed to dilatation of resistance vessels in hypoperfused myocardium of exercising dogs in the absence as well as in the presence of U46619. However, endogenous adenosine did not attenuate the magnitude of the vasoconstrictor response to U46619. These findings are best explained by observations that thromboxane A2 and adenosine act on coronary vascular segments of different size. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :1592-1597
Molecular and behavioral pharmacology of two novel orally-active 5HT2 modulators: Potential utility as antipsychotic medications

Background Desired serotonin 5HT2 receptor pharmacology for treatment of psychoses is 5HT2A antagonism and/or 5HT2C agonism. No selective 5HT2A antagonist has been approved for psychosis and the only approved 5HT2C agonist (for obesity) also activates 5HT2A and 5HT2B receptors, which can lead to clinical complications. Studies herein tested the hypothesis that a dual-function 5HT2A antagonist/5HT2C agonist that does not activate 5HT2B receptors would be suitable for development as an antipsychotic drug, without liability for weight gain.
The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and spinal level on the rate of intervertebral disc degeneration: a review of 1712 intervertebral discs.

Study Design A gross anatomical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in fresh cadaveric lumbar spines.
A Post-2011 Time Motion Study

To the Editors:—The article by Dr. Block and colleagues gave us insight into how internal medicine residents spend their time in the era of duty hour restrictions. They revealed that interns spend only 12 % of their time in direct patient care, while computer use occupied 40 % of their time.1 However, with the availability of mobile technologies (i.e. smartphones, tablets, etc.), time spent in direct patient care and time spent ‘using the computer’ do not need to be mutually exclusive. Technology can be used in a patient-centered manner and we should teach trainees how to do so. Abraham Verghese has drawn attention to the troubling practice of treating the “iPatient” who exists only on the computer screen while ignoring the real patient.2 Unfortunately, this phenomena of treating the “iPatient” is not limited to the inpatient setting. When electronic medical records (EMRs) are introduced into clinic settings, they can be seen as an “intrusive third party.”3 Studies have shown that a provider’s baseline communication skills are critical in determining whether the EMR has a positive or negative effect on the patient–physician interaction.4 There are known EMR-related skills and behaviors that can enhance the patient–doctor interaction, yet medical students and residents receive little training around these key communication skills.5 As medical educators, we need to teach trainees to shift their focus from the “iPatient” back to the real patient and leverage technology use to engage patients and foster effective communication. This gap in medical education can be addressed by incorporating a patient-centered technology use curriculum into undergraduate and post-graduate medical training. Curricula could not only target EMRs, but also how to use mobile technology (i.e. tablet computers) at the bedside in a patient-centered manner.
The Chemistry of Transition Metal Clusters

The chemical reactions of isolated clusters of transition metal atoms with small molecules provide information on metal-ligand interactions at the molecular level. This paper shows how the cluster-ligand interaction can be used to estimate cluster ionization potentials and infer something about cluster geometrical structure. Measurements of reaction rate constants demonstrate that large cluster-size dependence of reactivity can be found. Thermodynamic measurements provide information on cluster-ligand binding energies and entropies. Experiments in which ligands decompose on cluster surfaces will be discussed.
A flexible and cost effective gate drive platform for rapid prototyping

There is a current movement within the scientific, engineering, educational and entrepreneurial communities called “making.” Most electronics makers are familiar with hardware offerings Arduino™ and Xbee™, which are user friendly rapid prototyping platforms for microcontrollers and wireless networks respectively; however an equivalent solution for power electronics is not available at comparable cost. This paper presents a well designed, low cost, flexible gate driver capable of interfacing with a variety of IGBT and MOSFET discrete or module packages over a wide operating space. The gate driver provides more than 2kV of isolation with an isolation capacitance of less than 5pF while supporting gate drive powers of up to 5W with bipolar 15V rails in ambient temperatures up to 40C. Measurements of the prototype gate driver verify performance and other design metrics while keeping the cost significantly below commercially available offerings.
Do Transition-Metal Substitutions Dope Carriers in Iron-Based Superconductors?

We investigate the currently debated issue concerning whether transition-metal substitutions dope carriers in iron-based superconductors. From first-principles calculations of the configuration-averaged spectral function of BaFe2As2 with disordered Co or Zn substitutions of Fe, important doping effects are found beyond merely changing the carrier density. While the chemical potential shifts suggest doping of a large amount of carriers, a reduction of the coherent carrier density is found due to the loss of spectral weight. Therefore, none of the change in the Fermi surface, density of states, or charge distribution can be solely used for counting doped coherent carriers, let alone presenting the full effects of the disordered substitutions. Our study highlights the necessity of including disorder effects in the studies of doped materials in general.
Germanotype Tektonik und die Plattentektonik-Hypothese

Durch eine Zusammenstellung samtlicher bisher vorliegender palaomagnetischer Me\ergebnisse aus dem Prakambrium von Nordamerika, Afrika und Europa la\t sich der Nachweis erbringen, da\ diese Kontinente weder unter Zugrundelegung ihrer heutigen geographischen Position noch jener vor Einsetzen der mesozoisch-kanozoischen Plattendrift ubereinstimmende Wanderbewegungen durchfuhrten. Die palaomagnetischen Befunde von Nordamerika sind durch einige kleinrangige Verschiebungen gekennzeichnet, die jedoch in den Me\werten des afrikanischen Prakambriums nicht wiedergefunden werden konnten. Daraus ergibt sich als vorlaufige Schlu\folgerung, da\ wahrend des Prakambriums zwischen den beiden Kontinenten horizontale Relativbewegungen stattfanden, wenn auch die Ausbildung vieler prakambrischer Orogengurtel nicht unbedingt als Konsequenz der Plattendrift angesehen werden mu\. Vielmehr scheint es so, da\ diese Orogene weitgehend das Resultat von Vertikalbewegungen sind, die von intensiven krustalen Aufheizungen begleitet waren. Dieser Mechanismus ist jenem ahnlich, der die Plattenbewegung in Gang setzt, nur da\ dadurch kein kontinentales Aufrei\en mit einhergeht. Die Problematik, die solch einem, den driftenden Platten mitgegebenen Mechanismus anhaftet, wird aufgezeigt (aber nicht gelost).
On the Air With a Paleoclimatologist

The path of science news goes something like this: Nature is doing something interesting, scientist discovers the interesting thing, reporter talks to scientist, public hears reporter, public understands nature better, world is a better place. This is what I learned over the summer working as a science reporter at KQED public radio in San Francisco.
Ultraviolet Photochemistry of Co(III)L(H2O)SO3(+) [L = Me6[14]dieneN4,[14]andN4] Complexes. Quandaries about the Linkage Isomerization to O-Bonded Sulfite and the Photogeneration of Cobalt(I) in Sequential Biophotonic Photolysis.

Two new macrocyclic complexes with S-bonded sulfite, Co(Me6[14]diene N4)(H2O)SO3+ and Co([14]ane N4)(H2O)SO3+, were prepared. The type of the SO32- linkage in [Co(Me6[14]dieneN4)(H2O)SO3]ClO4 was established by means of the X-ray structure (crystal system, orthorhombic; space group, P212121 (No. 19); a = 7.0342(8) A, b = 14.696(2) A, c = 23.302(5) A). In a study of the photochemical properties, transient spectra revealed the photoredox formation of Co(II) macrocycles and the photoisomerization to O-bonded sulfite. Precursors of these products were also observed and tentatively identified a an ion pair (τ = 60 and 140 ns, respectively) and an adduct of the SO3•- radical and the unsaturated macrocycle Me6[14]diene N4 (τ = 2.5 μs). The photogeneration of SO3•- was verified by means of the radical's ESR spectrum. High power laser irradiations resulted in the secondary photolysis of the intermediates and the formation of Co(I) products. The mechanism of the primary and secondary photolysis is discussed.
Correlation of the Scores on Barron's Ego Strength Scale with the Scores on the Bender-Gestalt Test.

The purpose of the present project was to ascertain the degree of relationship between the scores on the Barron Ego Strength Scale and the scores on the Bender-Gestalt Test for a sample of college students from Adolescent Psychology classes. The subjects participating were 40 white females, 9 white males, and 11 black females. The ages ranged from 18 to 47, with a mean age of 24.A comparison of the Barron and Bender measures for the 40 white females resulted in a correlation coeflicient of -.32, which was significant at the .05 level. A comparison of the Barron and Bender scores for the total group of 60 resulted in a correlation coefficient of -.26, which attained significance at the .05 level.No sex differences were found on the Barron or on the Bender. There was, however, a racial difference observed on the Bender. In mean scores both white males and white females differed significantly at the .01 level from black females.
Game-Theoretic Formulations of Interaction Between Dynamic Traffic Control and Dynamic Traffic Assignment

The dynamic traffic control problem and the dynamic traffic assignment problem are integrated as a noncooperative game between a traffic authority and highway users. The objective of the combined control-assignment problem is to find a mutually consistent dynamic system-optimal signal setting and dynamic user-optimal traffic flow. The combined control-assignment problem is first formulated as a one-level Cournot game: the traffic authority and the users choose their strategies simultaneously. The combined control-assignment problem is subsequently formulated as a bi-level Stackelberg game. The traffic authority is the leader; it determines the signal settings in anticipation of the users' reactions. The users are followers who choose their routes after the signal settings have been determined. Finally, the system-optimal control-assignment problem is formulated as a Monopoly game. The sole player—the traffic authority—determines both signal settings and traffic flows to achieve a dynamic system-optimal so...
Resistance of fetal membranes to concentrated force applications and reconciliation of puncture and burst testing.

To further the characterization of the chorioamniotic membrane’s physical properties, we assessed its ability to withstand a concentrated force. Probes of various diameters were used to puncture 275 specimens from 11 membranes. Values for “strength”/thickness, “stiffness”/thickness, and “toughness”/thickness all showed positive linear correlations (p<0.001) with the increase ofd/D, the ratio of probe diameter to specimen diameter. “Ductility” was independent of diameter, though a logarithmic regression did fit the data marginally (p<0.05). The separate fracture of the amnion and chorion, which is reflected in ductility measurements, results in an increase in the distance the membrane can be deflectedin vitro. In vivo, this behavior would translate to a reduction of pressure exerted on the remaining membrane, while the integrity of the protective sac is maintained. The data pool of mechanical characteristics was enlarged by reconciling data that were gathered by either of two testing methods: puncturing or bursting; the latter method involves the application of force over the entire surface of the test specimen.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of human papillomavirus16-transformed foreskin keratinocyte cell line 16-MT.

Abstract Anogenital cancers are closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV-infected individuals, particularly those with high-grade dysplasias, are at increased risk for cervical and anal cancers. Although genomic instability has been documented in HPV-infected keratinocytes, the full spectrum of genetic changes in HPV-associated lesions has not been fully defined. To address this, we examined an HPV16-transformed foreskin keratinocyte cell line, 16-MT, by GTG-banding, spectral karyotyping (SKY), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH); these analyses revealed multiple numerical, complex, and cryptic chromosome rearrangements. Based on GTG-banding, the 16-MT karyotype was interpreted as 78∼83,XXY,+add(1)(p36.3),+3,+4,+5,+5,+7,+8,+i(8)(q10)×2,+10,?der(12),der(13;14)(q10;q10),+15,+16,add(19)(q13.3),+21,+21,−22[cp20]. Multicolor analysis by SKY confirmed and further characterized the anomalies identified by GTG banding. The add(1) was identified as a der(1)(1qter→1q25::1p36.1→1qter), the add(19) as a dup(19), and the der(12) interpreted as a der(11) involving a duplication of chromosome 11 material and rearrangement with chromosome 19. In addition, previously unidentified der(9)t(9;22), der(3)t(3;19), and der(4)t(4;9) were noted. The 16-MT cell line showed losses and gains of DNA due to unbalanced translocations and complex rearrangements of regions containing known tumor suppressor genes. Chromosomal changes in these regions might explain the increased risk of cancer associated with HPV. Also, array CGH detected copy-number gains or amplifications of chromosomes 2, 8, 10, and 11 and deletions of chromosomes 3, 4, 11, and 15. These results provide the basis for the identification of candidate oncogenes responsible for cervical and anal cancer in amplified regions, and for putative tumor suppressor genes in commonly deleted regions like 11q22∼23. Furthermore, these data represent the first full characterization of the HPV-positive cell line 16-MT.
Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony

In three experiments, we investigated the social payoffs of speaking ironically. In Experiment 1, participants rated videotaped ironic remarks (criticisms and compliments) as funnier than literal remarks, but no more or less status enhancing. In Experiment 2, participants listened to audiotaped ironic criticisms and compliments. Ironic compliments were rated as more insulting than literal compliments, but ironic criticisms were found to be less insulting than literal criticisms. In Experiment 3, participants read literal or ironic criticisms. Ironic comments were rated as more amusing than literal ones. When irony was directed at the addressee's poor performance, it served to protect the addressee's face by softening the criticism. When irony was directed at the addressee's offensive behavior, it served to protect the speaker's face by showing the speaker as less angry and more in control. In addition, irony damaged the speaker—addressee relationship less than did literal criticism. Taken together, these ...
Identity Matters: A New Intervention Threshold for Social Work Practitioners Working with African American Adolescents

The aim of this study was to provide empirical evidence for the notion that social work interventionists should consider identity issues in African American adolescents as a foci in the development of intervention strategies. The author provides an overview of the major identity constructs and their interrelationships in African American adolescents. An example of the pervasiveness of relevant identity issues in African American adolescents was demonstrated by using a regression analysis to determine how identity characteristics predicted various forms of aggression in incarcerated and nonincarcerated youth. Significant statistical findings and theoretical support was used to sustain the rational of “identity matters.”
Strain specific induction of pyometra and differences in immune responsiveness in mice exposed to 17α-ethinyl estradiol or the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A.

Abstract Pyometra is an inflammatory disease of the uterus that can be caused by chronic exposure to estrogens. It is unknown whether weakly estrogenic endocrine disruptors can cause pyometra. We investigated whether dietary exposures to the estrogenic endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) induced pyometra. Pyometra did not occur in CD1 mice exposed to different dietary doses of BPA ranging from 4.1 to >4000 μg/kg-d or 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE; 1.2 to >150 μg/kg-d). In the C57BL/6 strain, pyometra occurred in the 15 μg/kg-d EE and 33 μg/kg-d BPA treatment groups. At the effective concentration of BPA, histological analysis revealed pathological alterations of uterine morphology associated with a >5.3-fold increase in macrophage numbers in non-pyometra uteri of C57BL/6 mice exposed to BPA. These results suggest that BPA enhances immune responsiveness of the uterus and that heightened responsiveness in C57BL/6 females is related to increased susceptibility to pyometra.
ZBTB1 is a determinant of lymphoid development

In this study, we describe a chemically induced mouse mutation that caused a complete and cell-intrinsic T cell deficiency. Development of other lymphoid lineages was also partially impaired and was severely compromised under competitive conditions. Positional cloning, retroviral transduction, and a somatic reversion event revealed that the causative mutation lay within Zbtb1 (zinc finger and BTB domain containing 1), a gene conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Our data establish ZBTB1 as a critical determinant of T cell development and lymphopoiesis in general, most likely by acting as a transcriptional regulator.
On the exotherm of polyacrylonitrile. II. Examination of deuterated polymers

A series of α-, β,β-, and α,β,β-deuterium-labelled acrylonitrile monomers were prepared and polymerized. Secondary deuterium isotope effects on the polymerization and on the pyrolysis reactions that precede carbon fiber formation were observed. When deuterium is in the α-position, the polymerization rate is greater and the molecular weight is higher. It is proposed that either the propagation rate constant or both that constant and the termination rate constant are increased on deuterium substitution. In differential scanning calorimetry, the polyacrylonitrile exotherm occurs at higher temperatures and is narrower when deuterium is substituted at the α-position. On the other hand, the thermal gravimetric analysis activation energy for weight loss of polymer at temperatures below the acrylic exotherm is lower when deuterium is in the α-position, relative to the α-hydrogen polymers. As there is no correlation between the weight loss energy of activation and the various exotherm parameters, the weight loss energy of activation and the various exotherm parameters, the weight loss and exotherm are considered to be independent events. Examination of the distribution of deuterium substituted ammonia species evolved during 100–240°C thermal treatment of the α-and β, β-deuterated polyacrylonitriles provides a clear indication that both the α- and β-positions are directly involved in hydrogen migration to nitrogen, but the mechanism of ammonia generation remains unclear. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How durable should durable products be made under different scenarios of technological advance

Abstract This paper addresses the question of how durable or reliable manufacturers of durable goods should make their products. Essentially, consumers are likely willing to pay more for a more durable product, yet increased durability depresses replacement demand. We gain insight into this trade-off by developing analytical models of the interplay between consumers and a monopolist manufacturer of durable goods. We start this research from the base model that assumes symmetric information between the manufacturer and consumers and no technological advance. We then extend it to more general models in which these assumptions are relaxed. Interesting managerial insights are obtained, which explain well some realistic cases observed in practice: (1) when the technology advances at a given non-negative rate, it is always optimal for the manufacturer to motivate consumers to replace the existing durable goods (by using a buy-back offer) before the end of the life of the product; (2) faster technological advance does not always bring quicker product replacements—under some circumstances, it might be optimal for manufacturers to extend the replacement cycle of the product and increase its durability when the technology advances more quickly; and (3) when the rate of the technological advance is uncertain and is not directly observable by consumers, consumers are willing to pay more than when the technological advance rate is known and constant.
Distribution and growth of autumn olive in a managed forest landscape

Abstract Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) poses significant challenges for forest managers. The ability to predict when and where this species will become a problem would allow managers to more effectively prioritize control efforts and implement the most efficient management practices available. Several studies have sought to determine which key factors lead to greater abundance of exotic, invasive plants on certain sites and their spread at multiple scales. Previous research suggests that disturbances and increased light can be important. The overall goal of this research was to identify factors associated with forest road edges that are most important in facilitating autumn olive. Specific objectives were to: (1) document site factors significantly related to the presence and success of autumn olive, (2) investigate the hypothesis that southern aspects have greater abundance, patch depth and growth of autumn olive than other aspects, (3) examine the hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between the abundance and height of autumn olive and the abundance and height of native species, and (4) determine if the relationship between autumn olive abundance and height and the abundance and height of other invasive species is positive. Densities of autumn olive, native woody species, and other woody exotic, invasive species in different size classes were quantified in plots located along forest-road edges having northern, southern, eastern, and western aspects. Slopes, elevation, road opening width, canopy cover, and basal area were also quantified at each plot location. In addition, presence and absence of autumn olive, slope, elevation, canopy cover, and road canopy closure were quantified at randomly selected points along major and minor gravel roads within the study area. Larger autumn olive were most abundant along edges with southern aspects and patches of autumn olive were deepest on edges with northern and southern aspects. Autumn olive height and abundance were positively related to the height and abundance of both native and exotic, invasive woody plants. Slope, elevation, road canopy cover, road opening width, and road type were found to be important factors influencing autumn olive establishment and success. As a result, these factors may prove useful in the development of habitat suitability models and GIS-based risk maps that managers could use to more effectively address this invasive species.
The impact of keyboard design on comfort and productivity in a text-entry task.

Concerns have arisen that the keyboard is a causal factor in the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) among video display terminal (VDT) operators. A number of alternative keyboard designs have been developed with altered geometry in an effort to improve comfort in keyboard operation. However, few data are available to substantiate whether these new keyboard designs are actually effective in reducing discomfort and musculoskeletal problems in users. The purpose of this study was to provide data on the efficacy of certain alternative keyboard design features (e.g. splitting the keyboard in half, and laterally inclining the keyboard halves) in reducing fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort among keyboard operators. The study also explored the effects of these design features on performance. Fifty subjects performed a text-entry task for one day on a standard keyboard, then were assigned to one of five keyboard conditions for an evaluation period of two days (i.e. 10 subjects/condition). Outcome measures included performance (i.e. keystrokes/h, errors/h) and self-report measures of discomfort and fatigue. The results indicated an initial decline in productivity when subjects began typing on two of the alternative keyboards, but these productivity losses were recovered within the two-day evaluation period. The results also indicated no significant differences between keyboard conditions in discomfort and fatigue. These results suggest a minimal impact of the keyboard design features examined in this study on productivity, comfort and fatigue, at least after two days of exposure.
Engineering Propionibacterium acidipropionici for enhanced propionic acid tolerance and fermentation

Propionibacterium acidipropionici, a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, has been the most used species for propionic acid production from sugars. In this study, the metabolically engineered mutant ACK-Tet, which has its acetate kinase gene knocked out from the chromosome, was immobilized and adapted in a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) to increase its acid tolerance and ability to produce propionic acid at a high final concentration in fed-batch fermentation. After about 3 months adaptation in the FBB, the propionic acid concentration in the fermentation broth reached approximately 100 g/L, which was much higher than the highest concentration of approximately 71 g/L previously attained with the wild-type in the FBB. To understand the mechanism and factors contributing to the enhanced acid tolerance, adapted mutant cells were harvested from the FBB and characterized for their morphology, growth inhibition by propionic acid, protein expression profiles as observed in SDS-PAGE, and H+-ATPase activity, which is related to the proton pumping and cell's ability to control its intracellular pH gradient. The adapted mutant obtained from the FBB showed significantly reduced growth sensitivity to propionic acid inhibition, increased H+-ATPase expression and activity, and significantly elongated rod morphology.
SPIM: a pipelined 64*64-bit iterative multiplier

A 64*64-bit iterating multiplier, the Stanford pipelined iterative multiplier (SPIM), is presented. The pipelined array consists of a small tree of 4:2 adders. The 4:2 tree is better suited than a Wallace tree for a VLSI implementation because it is a more regular structure. A 4:2 carry-save accumulator at the bottom of the array is used to iteratively accumulate partial products, allowing a partial array to be used, which reduces area. SPIM was fabricated in a 1.6- mu m CMOS process. It has a core size of 3.8 mm*6.5 mm and contains 41000 transistors. The on-chip clock generator runs at an internal clock frequency of 85 MHz. The latency for a 64*64-bit fractional multiply is under 120 ns, with a pipeline rate of one multiply every 47 ns. >
Isolation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the growth factor from plerocercoids of the tapeworm, Spirometra mansonoides.

Abstract Plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm, Spirometra mansonoidas, produce a substance which stimulates growth in laboratory rodents. Plerocercoid growth factor (PGF) can be collected in vitro by incubating larvae is buffered saline at 30°C. This report describes a procedure by which active PGF was isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by the pigeon crop sac assay.
Differentiation autoantigen of testicular cells and spermatozoa in the guinea pig.

Abstract Guinea pigs, immunized with autologous testes, produce antibody that reacts with surface antigen(s) of epididymal sperm and testicular cells. Both IgG and F(ab') 2 fragments of the antibody molecules bind to testicular cells. Only 50% of the testicular cells had detectable surface antigens and they are identified by rosette formation with Staphylococcus aureus , which bind only to testicular cells and sperm coated with guinea pig IgG. Rosette-positive testicular cells (percentage of cells positive) are: early round spermatids (8%), oval late spermatids (98%), cytoplasmic droplets (93%), and heads (and midpieces) of testicular and epididymal sperm (100%). As determined by a quantitative cellular radioimmunobinding assay, antibody to testicular cells is absorbed by testis or sperm but not by other male or female guinea pig tissues. The antigen, which could be multiple, is therefore sperm and late spermatid specific, and is designated testicular cell-sperm differentiation autoantigen. The surface distribution of this antigen is modulated by antibody to exhibit temperature-dependent translational movement along the plasma membrane.
Electromigration of SnAg bump with Ni UBM on various substrate pad finishes with SnCu presolder

Low-k dielectric materials have been adopted in advanced Si technologies for electrical performance improvement. Meanwhile, more functionality is integrated into a single chip, which makes the die size larger and I/O density higher that requires finer C4 bump pitch. Accompanied with Pb-free solder bump transition, chip package interaction (CPI) has become a challenging topic. Sn-rich Pb-free solder with Ag and Cu alloying elements has been widely used as flip chip Pb-free solder bump solution. Reducing Ag composition in the solder system has been shown to improve CPI margin and solder fatigue performance. This can be achieved through changing bump solder composition, or replacing SAC305 presolder to SnCu on the substrate pad. However, to our knowledge the electromigration (EM) of the solder bump joint with commercial substrate of various pad finishes have not been well characterized or understood so far. In this paper, the EM of SnAg solder bumps bonded on substrate with Sn3Ag0.5Cu or Sn0.7Cu presolder is studied. Effect of Ag composition in SnAg bump is also verified for a wide range of Ag% deviated from the nominal condition. Substrate pad finish effects are compared on three types, namely, Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold (ENEPIG), Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP), and Immersion Tin (IT). Experimental results show that SnAg bump with SnCu presolder and IT pad finish have promising EM result; however, ENEPIG pad finish shows poor EM on the UBM cathode side, and much worse than SnAg bump with SAC305 presolder. We also discover that IT pad finish can have superior EM performance than that of OSP on the substrate cathode side. Failure analysis is conducted to understand the mechanism. The activation energy and current exponent in Black's equation have also been characterized for the product maximum current assessment at use condition.
Coepibolin, the activity of human serum that enhances the cell spreading properties of epibolin, associates with albumin.

Earlier studies have shown that epibolin, a glycoprotein in human plasma, identical to preparations from other laboratories referred to as serum spreading factor and vitronectin, requires a second plasma activity in order to support maximal primary epidermal cell spreading. This plasma fraction, referred to as cocpibolin, alone supports no cell spreading but potentiates the activity of epibolin by at least 5-10 times. Studies reported here indicate that coepibolin activity associates with one plasma fraction, it cannot be substituted by commercial preparations of ovalbumin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or hemoglobin, but it can be substituted by commercial bovine or human serum albumin. The activity purified to electrophoretic homogeneity comigrates with, and shows antigenic properties of albumin. Under the assay conditions coepibolin affects the extent and morphology of cell spreading: in the presence of epibolin plus coepibolin cells assume a more polar orientation than in epibolin alone. For its maximal effect coepibolin must be present continuously in the early phases of cell spreading.
Jamjoom Manufacturing Re-Design (JMRD)

This paper will illustrate a manufacturing line improvement design. The company which will implement our design is Jamjoom Medical Industries (JMI), a mid-size manufacturing company specializing in medical disposables. JMI is challenged with meeting the increased demand for their products and surpassing their competition. JMI sees these new challenges as an opportunity to re-evaluate the current situation and potentially increase the company's profitability. In order for JMI to accomplish this, a re-design (JMRD) of its manufacturing process is required. This project evaluates alternative designs that will supplement the current processes. JMRD focuses on the manufacturing method of the stop cock, a product that utilizes all facets of the plant. The results gathered from the analysis offer recommendations for changes to be implemented within the manufacturing process of the stop cock as well as other products. A simulation model of the manufacturing process is developed using Rockwell Arena software. The control variable in this re-design process is the product type. The simulation provides evidence of theoretical improvements including increased overall throughput and decreased number of defective units. Each design alternative will be evaluated by cost, performance, and maintainability. In support of the decision process for implementing changes, the improvements discovered in simulation are evaluated with a cost-benefit analysis. The following improvements are considered: automation implementation and statistical sampling of quality. A trade-off analysis will be done to allow our team to provide the decision makers with the best alternative that meets their requirements. Multiple alternative manufacturing product line designs are being evaluated and the analysis results are described
A variational justification of the assumed natural strain formulation of finite elements—I. Variational principles

Abstract The assumed natural strain (ANS) formulation of finite elements has undergone rapid development over the past five years. The key formulation step is the replacement, in the potential energy principle, of selected displacement-related strains by independently assumed strain fields in element natural coordinates. These strains are not generally derivable from displacements. This procedure was conceived as one of several competing methods with which to solve the element locking problem. Its most noteworthy feature is that, unlike many forms of reduced integration, it produces no rank deficiency; furthermore, it is easily extendible to geometrically non-linear problems. Many original formulations were not based on a variational principle. The objective of Part I is to study the ANS formulation from a variational standpoint. This study is based on two hybrid extensions of the Reissner-type functional that uses strains and displacements as independent fields. One of the forms is a genuine variational principle that contains an independent boundary traction field, whereas the other one represents a restricted variational principle. Two procedures for element-level elimination of the strain field are discussed, and one of them is shown to be equivalent to the inclusion of incompatible displacement modes. In Part II [C. Militello and C. A. Felippa, Comput. Struct. 34 , 439–444 (1990)], the four-node C 0 plate bending quadrilateral element is used to illustrate applications of this theory.
Microparticle column geometry in acoustic stationary fields

Particles suspended in a fluid will experience forces from stationary acoustic fields. The magnitude of the force depends on the time-averaged energy density of the field and the material properties of the particles and fluid. Forces acting on known particles smaller than 20 μm were studied. Within a 500 kHz acoustic beam generated by a plane-piston circular source, observations were made of the geometry of the particle column that is formed. Varying the acoustic energy altered the column width in a manner predicted by equations for the primary acoustic radiation force from scattering of particles in the long-wavelength limit. The minimum pressures required to trap gas, solid, and liquid particles in a water medium at room temperature were also estimated to within 12%. These results highlight the ability of stationary acoustic fields from a plane-piston radiator to impose nano-Newton-scale forces onto fluid particles with properties similar to biological cells, and suggest that it is possible to accurately quantify these forces.
The impact of hedging with derivative instruments on reported earnings volatility

This study uses a regression model and seeks to find an association between lower earnings volatility (dependent variable) and the use of hedging with derivatives (independent variable). Prior to the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, issued in 1998 and implemented in 2002, there was no way to examine the impact of hedging, with derivative instruments, on reported earnings volatility without observing footnote disclosures. The results of the study indicate a strong association between the low reported earnings volatility and the firm use of derivative instruments for hedging. This study also indicates that the effectiveness in smoothing reported earnings by using cash flow hedging and the associated hedge accounting increases over the 8-year study period, after the implementation of SFAS No. 133, perhaps suggesting a learning curve for firm use.
Selective Neck Dissection for the Treatment of Neck Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Objective Our objective was to determine the proportion of patients disease free in the neck, with the primary site controlled, who have been treated with a selective neck dissection (SND) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) of the upper aerodigestive tract, and who had cervical metastasis less than 3 cm. Study Design A cohort of patients who fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria was identified retrospectively. Then all surviving patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Methods A group of 52 patients who had 58 selective neck dissections for cervical metastases from SCCa of the upper aerodigestive tract were identified. The mean age was 56 years (range, 20–85 y), there were 40 males and 12 females, and mean follow-up was 24.5 months (range, 1–64 mo). Twenty-six patients had clinically negative (cN0) neck examinations and 26 had clinically positive neck examinations. Postoperative radiation was given for extracapsular spread, greater than 2 positive nodes, T3, T4, or recurrent disease if the patient had not received radiation before surgery. These radiation criteria excluded 18 patients from postoperative radiation treatment. Results Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the regional control rate with the primary site controlled was 0.94. Six patients developed recurrent neck disease. Three of these 6 patients were surgically salvaged. Four recurrences were in the dissected field and 2 were out of the dissected field (level V). Conclusions With similar indications for radiation therapy, the regional control rate in this cohort is comparable to control rates obtained with modified radical neck dissection.
Scarcella's Teaching Language Minority Students in the Multicultural Classroom (Robin Scarcella)

(1993). Scarcella's Teaching Language Minority Students in the Multicultural Classroom (Robin Scarcella) Bilingual Research Journal: Vol. 17, No. 1-2, pp. 127-133.
Phylogenetic studies in Callitriche: implications for interpretation of ecological, karyological and pollination system evolution

Abstract Species of Callitriche (Callitrichaceae) exhibit considerable diversity in chromosome number ( n =3–20), ecology (submersed, amphibious, semiamphibious, terrestrial) and pollination systems (anemophily, hypohydrophily). Callitriche is the only genus of angiosperms in which both aerial pollination and hypohydrophily have been documented. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using morphologic and rbcL sequence characters for 20 taxa that represent the range of chromosome number, ecological and pollination system diversity in the genus. Parsimony analyses reveal that aneuploid reduction ( n =5 to 4) and polyploidy ( n =5 to 10) have evolved at least twice in the genus; whereas the obligately submersed growth habit and hypohydrophily have evolved once. Although internal geitonogamy (a unique self-fertilization system known only in Callitriche ) occurs in at least seven species in the genus, the analyses reveal that it likely evolved only once.
The Influence of Norfloxacin and Metronidazole on the Disposition of Mycophenolate Mofetil

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent antibiotic administration on the disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in healthy subjects. Eleven healthy subjects were enrolled. The study was divided into 4 treatment periods. Subjects received MMF as a single oral 1-g dose alone and were then randomized to 3 antibiotic treatment periods. The 3 periods included norfloxacin, metronidazole, and a combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole. Antibiotic treatment was started 3 days prior to each MMF pharmacokinetic study day and was given for a total of 5 days. On day 4 of each antibiotic phase, subjects received a single 1-g oral dose of MMF. Plasma and urine samples were obtained over 48 hours after the MMF dose in all treatment periods and were quantitatively measured for MPA and MPAG. Pharmacokinetic parameters for MPA and MPAG were determined for all periods. Compared to MMF alone, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of MPA was reduced by an average of 10%, 19%, and 33% when given with norfloxacin, metronidazole, and norfloxacin plus metronidazole, respectively. The AUC of MPAG was also reduced on average by 10%, 27%, and 41% in the corresponding periods. The combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole significantly reduced the AUC of MPA and MPAG in healthy subjects. This likely occurs as a result of reduced enterohepatic recirculation.
Distribution of rabbit mucosal glycoprotein throughout urinary tract.

Abstract The mucin layer covering the transitional epithelium of the bladder is thought to be an anti-adherence substance for bacteria. We describe the use of an immunoperoxidase staining technique to demonstrate the presence of glyeoprotein lining the urothelium of both the upper and lower urinary tracts of the rabbit Antisera against this glyeoprotein (GPI) were raised in Swiss-Webster mice. The genitourinary tracts of male and female NZW rabbits were removed and sequentially treated with mouse anti-GPI sera, biotin-labelled anti-mouse IgG, and an avidinbiotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. The results demonstrated that an antigenically similar (or identical) glyeoprotein covers the distal renal tubules and urothelium of the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra, suggesting that it may function as an antibacterial defense mechanism throughout the urinary tract.
Nanoporous TiO2 and WO3 films by anodization of titanium and tungsten substrates: influence of process variables on morphology and photoelectrochemical response.

The photoelectrochemical response of nanoporous films, obtained by anodization of Ti and W substrates in a variety of corrosive media and at preselected voltages in the range from 10 to 60 V, was studied. The as-deposited films were subjected to thermal anneal and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Along with the anodization media developed by previous authors, the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) or d-mannitol as a modifier to the NH4F electrolyte and glycerol addition to the oxalic acid electrolyte was studied for TiO2 and WO3, respectively. In general, intermediate anodization voltages and film growth times yielded excellent-quality photoelectrochemical response for both TiO2 and WO3 as assessed by linear-sweep photovoltammetry and photoaction spectra. The photooxidation of water and formate species was used as reaction probes to assess the photoresponse quality of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor films. In the presence of formate as an electron donor, the i...