cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection of the subtalar joint for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

The subtalar joint is commonly affected in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and is challenging to treat percutaneously. To describe the technique for treating the subtalar joint with US-guided corticosteroid injections in children and young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and to evaluate the safety of the treatment. We retrospectively analyzed 122 patients (age 15 months–29 years) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who were referred by a pediatric rheumatologist for corticosteroid injection therapy for symptoms related to the hindfoot or ankle. In these patients the diseased subtalar joint was targeted for therapy, often in conjunction with adjacent affected joints or tendon sheaths of the ankle. We used a protocol based on age, weight and joint for triamcinolone hexacetonide or triamcinolone acetonide dose prescription. We describe the technique for successful treatment of the subtalar joint. A total of 241 subtalar joint corticosteroid injections were performed under US guidance, including 68 repeat injections for recurrent symptoms in 26 of the 122 children and young adults. The average time interval between repeat injections was 24.8 months (range 2.2–130.7 months, median 14.2 months). Subcutaneous tissue atrophy and skin hypopigmentation were the primary complications observed. These complications occurred in 3.9% of the injections. With appropriate training and practice, the subtalar joint can be reliably and safely targeted with US-guided corticosteroid injection to treat symptoms related to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Alternative Donor−Acceptor Stacks from Crown Ethers and Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives: Rapid, Selective Formation from Solution and Solid State Grinding

Self assembling {pi}-conjugated molecules into ordered structures are of increasing interest in the field of organic electronics. One particular example is charge transfer complexes containing columnar alternative donor-acceptor (ADA) stacks, where neutral and ionic ground states can be readily tuned to modulate electrical, optical, and ferroelectrical properties. Aromatic-aromatic and charge transfer interactions have been the leading driving forces in assisting the self-assembly of ADA stacks. Various folding structures containing ADA stacks were assembled in solution with the aid of solvophobic or ion-binding interactions. Meanwhile, examples of solid ADA stacks, which are more appealing for practical use in devices, were obtained from cocrystalization of binary components or mesophase assembly of liquid crystals in bulk blends. Regardless of these examples, faster and more controllable approaches towards precise supramolecular order in the solid state are still highly desirable.
Isolation of an iridovirus from two terrestrial isopods, the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare, and the sow bug, Porcellio dilatatus

Abstract An iridovirus was isolated from two terrestrial isopods (class Crustacea, order Isopoda), the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare, and the sow bug, Porcellio dilatatus, collected in southern California. The isolates have been designated Type 31 (from A. vulgare) and Type 32 (from P. dilatatus). Diseased isopods were recognized by a characteristic blue discoloration of the normally gray cuticle. Based on the relative number of virions observed in diseased cells, viral replication was most extensive in epidermal, muscle, and adipose tissue. Additionally, small clusters of midgut epithelial cells were heavily infected in many specimens, although replication throughout this tissue was never observed. Nerve and reproductive tissues were lightly infected. Infection was not observed in hemocytes or the hepatopancreatic caeca. Virions of both isolates measured ca. 125 nm in diameter in ultrathin sections and 141 nm in negatively stained preparations, and formed paracrystalline arrays in heavily infected cells. The isolation of a typical iridovirus from isopods further demonstrates that the natural host range of this virus group extends beyond the class Insecta.
Conditionally essential fatty acid deficiencies in end-stage liver disease.

Abstract Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) manifest a wide variety of functional abnormalities that lead eventually to their death. Such patients also often have low levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of carbon length 20 or greater in plasma total lipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. We hypothesize that, due to hepatic damage, there is an impairment in de novo synthesis of very long-chain (20–22) carbon PUFA from their essential fatty acid 18 carbon dietary precursors that normally takes place principally in the liver. This results in a “conditional” essential fatty acid deficiency that may, in fact, be responsible for some of the pathophysiologic effects in ESLD. We propose that direct supplementation with very long-chain PUFA will provide a unique advantage in the correction of this “conditional” essential fatty acid deficiency in patients with ESLD and lead to improvements in their clinical condition.
A prospective study of sleep, mood, and cognitive function in postpartum and nonpostpartum women

Abstract Objective: To compare the sleep patterns, mood states, and cognitive functioning of primiparous mothers during the first 3 weeks postpartum with those of a control group of nonpostpartum women and to assess the relationships among these variables. Methods: For the first 3 weeks postpartum, 30 primiparous women and 28 nonpostpartum mothers completed daily assessments of mood and recorded multiple aspects of sleep including time of retiring, occurrence and duration of sleep interruption, time of awakening, and morning alertness. Objective measures of memory, attention/concentration, and psychomotor performance were obtained on three occasions. Results: Postpartum women reported more evening awakenings, more time awake after retiring, and more naps than controls, but overall sleep time was similar. New mothers experienced a higher level of dysphoric mood during the first week than nonpostpartum controls; however, controlling for the effect of “time awake” at night eliminated the significant effect for dysphoric mood. Few differences were observed on the multiple assessments of cognitive function; however, performances of new mothers on memory and psychomotor tasks were likely to be influenced by sleep loss. Conclusion: Women must make important adjustments in their sleep patterns during the postpartum period. In the study group, these adjustments were largely successful, particularly after the first week postpartum, in avoiding the negative consequences of sleep disturbances such as dysphoric mood and impaired cognitive function. Nevertheless, the significant associations between sleep indices and mood and objective measures of cognitive function point to the importance of encouraging appropriate amounts of sleep for recently delivered women.
Management of the dislocated/multipleligament injured knee

Abstract The multiple ligament injured knee is a complex problem in orthopaedic surgery. Most dislocated knees involve tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and at least one collateral ligament complex. Careful assessment of the vascular status of the extremity is essential because of the possibility of arterial and/or venous compromise. These complex injuries require a systematic approach to evaluation and treatment. Physical examination and imaging studies enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis and to formulate a treatment plan. Arthroscopically assisted combined ACL/PCL reconstruction is a reproducible procedure. Knee stability is improved postoperatively when evaluated using knee ligament rating scales, arthrometer testing, and stress radiographic analysis. Acute medial cruciate ligament tears, when combined with ACL/PCL tears, may, in certain cases, be treated with bracing. Posterolateral corner injuries combined with ACL/PCL tears are best treated with primary repair as indicated combined with reconstruction using a post of strong autograft (split biceps tendon, biceps tendon, semitendinosus) or allograft (Achilles tendon, bone patellar tendon bone) tissue. Surgical timing depends on the ligaments injured, the vascular status of the extremity, reduction stability, and the overall health of the patient. We prefer the use of allograft tissue for reconstruction in these cases because of the strength of these large grafts and the absence of donor site morbidity.
Experimental modal analysis of non-linear systems: A feasibility study

Experimental modal analysis techniques are based on the theory of linear systems. In this paper the feasibility of their application to non-linear systems is examined. A three degree of freedom non-linear mechanical system was modeled on an analog computer and system responses due to band limited random excitation were examined by using a two channel FFT analyzer. Frequency response functions, natural frequencies and model responses were studied experimentally for a number of example cases. This study shows that the measured transfer function plots can alert one to the fact that the structure is non-linear; measured modal response data base can still give a rough idea about the system behavior. In addition, measured coherence function estimates can be used as the “warning singls” for inherent non-linearities.
Multiple attractors in Newton's method

For each d ≥ 2 there exists a polynomial p with real coefficients such that the associated Newton function z–[p(z)/p′(z)] has 2d–2 distinct attracting periodic orbits in the complex plane. According to a theorem of G. Julia, this is the maximal number of attracting orbits that any rational function of degree d can possess.
The budding yeast rRNA and ribosome biosynthesis (RRB) regulon contains over 200 genes

The ribosome biogenesis pathway constitutes one of the major metabolic obligations for a dividing yeast cell and it depends upon the activity of hundreds of gene products to produce the necessary rRNA and ribosomal protein components. Previously, we reported that a set of 65 S. cerevisiae genes that function in the rRNA biosynthesis pathway are transcriptionally co-regulated as cells pass through a variety of physiological transitions. By analysing multiple microarray-based transcriptional datasets, we have extended that study and now suggest that the ribosomal and rRNA biosynthesis regulon contains over 200 genes. This regulon is distinct from the set of ribosomal protein genes, and the promoters of the expanded RRB gene set are highly enriched for the PAC and RRPE motifs. Since a similar pattern of organization and gene regulation can be recognized in C. albicans, the RRB regulon appears to be a conserved, extensive, and metabolically important group of genes.
Parallel multi-channel detection: A practical solution to energy detection of heterogeneous wideband spectrum

This article proposes a solution that can extend the capability of traditional energy detector to wideband sensing with improved performance. The solution involves the use of parallel detection circuitry with each tuned to different frequencies. The decision of each detection circuit can then be used to create a spectral map of the entire spectrum. This introduces some resolution component and improved sensitivity based on the number of parallel circuits and bandwidth of each detection circuit. Since the bandwidth of the incumbent signal is generally not known a priori, there is possibility that it spans across multiple detectors. The detection of such wideband signal can be achieved by either data or decision fusion of the results of each narrowband detector. We show that the use of parallel multichannel detection can greatly enhance the detection of wideband signal compared to averaging while improving the resolution and sensitivity of energy detection of wideband spectrum. Further performance improvement can be achieved through the use of diversity reception on each narrow band detectors. Numerical results have been shown for representative cases and careful review of previous works reveals that these have never been considered in literature.
Working with Low-income Families: Lessons Learned from Basic and Applied Research on Coping with Poverty-related Stress

Poverty and low socioeconomic status create tremendous amounts of physical and psychosocial stress that compromise health and well-being. This paper explores how the stressors created, exacerbated, and maintained by living in poverty lead to compromised mental health, and at the same time present significant challenges to participating in and benefitting from traditional psychotherapy. This paper summarizes the strong research evidence supporting the causal role of poverty-related stress in contributing to mental (and physical) health problems, discusses the physiology that underlies this process and how it affects clients’ ability to make use of psychotherapy, and presents recommendations for incorporating a multi-faceted approach to coping in clinical work with low-income clients and families. Addressing the pernicious effects of economic stress with a multi-step approach to effective coping can serve to prepare low-income clients to better engage in and get the most out of psychotherapy.
Chemical initiation of graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto styrene–butadiene block copolymer

When a solution containing both styrene–butadiene block copolymer (SBS) and methyl methacrylate is treated with an initiator both homopolymerization of the methyl methacrylate and graft copolymerization of the methyl methacrylate onto the SBS occur. The amount of graft copolymerization depends upon the time and temperature of the reaction, the concentrations of all species, and the identity of the solvent and initiator. The combination of benzoyl peroxide in chloroform gives the highest graft yield and the reaction occurs by removal of an allylic hydrogen from the SBS by the initiator radical and subsequent addition of monomer units to that site; there is a significant solvent effect. Both AIBN and BPO function by the removal of an allylic hydrogen atom from SBS; BPO is able to effect this reaction relatively easily while AIBN can remove the hydrogen atom only with great difficulty and to a limited extent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 965–974, 1997
Real-time calibration of laser absorption spectrometer using spectral correlation performed with an in-line gas cell

A real-time drift correction and calibration method using spectral correlation based on a revolving in-line gas cell for laser-based spectroscopic trace-gas measurements has been developed and evaluated experimentally. This technique is relatively simple to implement in laser spectroscopy systems and assures long-term stability of trace-gas measurements by minimizing the effects of external sources of drift in real-time. Spectroscopic sensitivity sufficient for environmental monitoring and effective drift suppression has been achieved for long-term measurements of CO₂ with a quantum cascade laser based spectrometer.
A symbolic method for synthesis of 2-terminal switching circuits

THE problem of synthesizing minimal switching circuits that satisfy any preassigned input condition is one that has of late received considerable attention. Analysis to date has tended to be dependent principally on methods derived from Boolean algebra. While such mathematics are not new, their development, especially as is applicable to the combinational switching problem, has not been comparable to the more familiar algebra of real numbers.
Interaction of drug effects with testing procedures in the measurement of catalepsy

Abstract Rats were tested for haloperidol-induced catalepsy, using the method of c ostall and Naylor (1974a, b), Costall , Naylor and Olley (1972), Costall and Olley (1971a, b). Naylor and Olley (1972). The tests were carried out either repeatedly at 10 min intervals for 2 hr, or once at 30 min and 2 hr after drug administration. After either a 2 or 4 mg/kg dose of haloperidol, rats tested repeatedly had catalepsy scores many times greater than those of rats tested once.
Regulation of adrenal and testicular prolactin receptors by adrenocorticotropin and luteinizing hormone.

Receptors for PRL in the adrenal, ovary, and testis undergo marked and rapid depletion after trophic stimulation by ACTH and LH, respectively. The mechanism of such heterologous regulation of PRL receptors in the testis and adrenal cortex was further analyzed in hormone-treated male rats. Hormone-stimulated turnover of PRL receptors was not prevented by treatment with cycloheximide (75 and 300 μg), which caused an 80% fall in testicular and adrenal sites within 1 h, followed by a return to normal in 24 h. When steroid secretion was inhibited by treatment with 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine for 4 days, with a 90% decrease in serum cholesterol, ACTH and LH retained the ability to reduce PRL receptors by 60–70% 12 and 24 h after injection. Similarly, during blockade of steroidogenesis by aminoglutethimide, treatment with 10 U ACTH or 100 μg ovine LH still reduced PRL receptors by about 70%. When adrenal and testicular steroidogeneses were stimulated by the administration of 8-bromo cAMP, serum corticosterone and ...
The Meaning of ‘Theory’

‘Theory’ is one of the most important words in the lexicon of contemporary sociology. Yet, their ubiquity notwithstanding, it is quite unclear what sociologists mean by the words ‘theory,’ ‘theoret...
Optical cavity with field standing in free space

We present the design of an integrated optical cavity where most of the optical field stands in the free space, readily accessible by atoms, molecules, quantum dots, etc. The geometry is planar, thus compatible with conventional fabrication process.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas: Big Decisions for a Small Tumor

Background The clinical significance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is debated, and therefore the rise in incidence of PTMC creates management dilemmas. The following study evaluates factors influencing decisions to treat.
Trace elements in milk of guinea pigs during a 20-day lactation.

This study was designed to determine patterns of change in milk trace elements over a complete lactation. Guinea pigs were selected because of ease of milking and short lactation duration. Common short-hair albino guinea pigs were milked using a milking apparatus for 4 to 6 h every other day following isolation from their offspring. Forty-eight samples of 4 ml each were analyzed for trace minerals using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Observations represented 14 d scattered over 20 d of lactation. Eight elements with sufficiently high quantities to measure in milk were zinc (4.18 ppm), strontium (1.12), aluminum (.81), boron (.79), iron (.71), copper (.56), barium (.23), and manganese (.019). Regression analyses were used on rectilinear, quadratic, exponential and cubic models. Quadratic functions fit the data best in six elements, whereas in manganese the best model was the rectilinear. Indices of determination (R2) relating to day of lactation varied from R2 = .18 in boron to a high of .62 in strontium. For six elements, concentrations increased as milk volume decreased. The exception was zinc, which decreased in the latter half of lactation.
On spectral quadrature for linear-scaling Density Functional Theory

Abstract We provide a unified description of the Fermi operator expansion and recursion methods within the technique of spectral quadrature. Through rigorous error estimates, we prove that this approach is linear-scaling, stable and exponentially convergent. We use this analysis to determine the influence of smearing, band-gap, position of Fermi energy, and spectral width of the Hamiltonian on the convergence rates obtained in practical calculations. Additionally, we establish that super-geometric convergence can be achieved when the erfc function is used for smearing. We validate the spectral quadrature method and the accuracy of our analysis by means of selected examples.
An optical leaky wave antenna with silicon perturbations for electronic control

An optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) is a device that radiates a light wave into the surrounding space from a leaky wave (LW) guided mode or receives optical power from the surrounding space into a guided optical mode. In this work, we propose and provide a 3D analysis of a novel CMOS compatible OLWA made of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) waveguide comprising periodic silicon perturbations which allow electronic tuning capability. The analysis presented here includes the effect of the number of semiconductor perturbations, the antenna radiation pattern and directivity. We show that the number of the silicon perturbations has to be large to provide a long radiating section required to achieve radiation with high directivity. In other words, the proposed structure allows for a very narrow-beam radiation. Preliminary results are confirmed by exploiting leaky wave and antenna array factor theory, as well as verified by means of two full-wave simulators (HFSS and COMSOL). Our purpose is to ultimately use PIN junctions as building blocks for each silicon implantation for the electronic control of the radiation. In particular, the electronic tunability of the optical parameters of silicon (such as refractive index and absorption coefficient) via current injection renders itself the ideal platform for optical antennas that can facilitate electronic beam control, and boost the efficiency of optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, lasers and solar cells, and bio-chemical sensors.
CD40 ligation decreases its protein half-life at the cell surface.

CD40 is expressed on a variety of tumors; anti-CD40 agonists promote tumor cell apoptosis and subsequent tumor regression. Because the effectiveness of anti-CD40- agonists is dependent upon CD40 surface expression, the current study examined ligation-mediated changes in CD40 protein half-life (t1/2) at the cell surface. This study utilized a CD40+ epithelial cell line (9HTEo-), a CD40 null epithelial cell line (HT-29) engineered to express either wild-type (WT) or mutant (T254A, Q263A, E235A, Δ201) CD40, and the anti-CD40 antibody G28.5. Ligation of endogenous CD40 expressed on 9HTEo- cells decreased CD40 surface protein t1/2 from 13 to 4 h (p <0.05). Ligation of WT-, Q263A-, or T254A-CD40 expressed on engineered HT-29 cells decreased CD40 surface protein t1/2 from an average of 8 to 4 h (p <0.05); T254A and Q263A contain mutated TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)2/3-binding sites. In contrast, ligation of E235A and Δ201-CD40 had no affect on its surface protein t1/2 (p <0.05); E235A contains a mutated TRAF6-binding site while Δ201 lacks an intact cytoplasmic tail. These results suggest that anti-CD40 agonists decrease CD40 surface protein t1/2via a mechanism that involves TRAF6 but not TRAF2/3. The therapeutic implications for CD40-mediated tumor regression are discussed.
Preconscious effects of temporary goals on attention

Abstract Two experiments examined whether accessible goals preconsciously direct selective attention. Goal activation was manipulated by one's goal pursuit being either undermined or affirmed (resulting in an experienced state of either incompleteness or completeness). Attention responses were assessed through a Stroop-like task (Experiment 1) and a response-time task in which participants indicated a stimulus' direction of motion (Experiment 2). Results showed that when goals were accessible, attention was drawn toward goal-relevant items—even when these items were to be ignored and when responses occurred too fast for conscious control. Accessible goals directed implicit cognition (i.e., attention toward stimuli associated with the goal), despite the fact that these goals were not chronically held, but manipulated in the lab.
The Ins and Outs of Notch Signaling

Abstract The Notch gene encodes a cell surface protein that regulates cell fate choices in vertebrates and invertebrates. Given the wide variety of cell types influenced by Notch, it would seem that the signal relayed through Notch activation is not an instructive one per se. Rather, Notch signaling is thought to influence the cell's ability to respond to instructive signals responsible for specific cell fates. Expression and functional studies of Notch support this idea; however, the possibility of additional functions for Notch cannot be excluded. Much of what we know about the Notch signaling pathway comes from studies withDrosophilaNotch and theCaenorhabditis elegansNotch-related genes lin-12 and glp-1. With the isolation of multiple vertebrate Notch genes we are beginning to understand and define Notch signaling in vertebrates as well. A number of excellent reviews have been published summarizing the current status of Notch/LIN-12/GLP-1 signaling inDrosophilaandC. elegans,as well as recent findings with the vertebrate counterparts. Here I review the structure of the various Notch proteins and their putative ligands, and discuss possible interactions between Notch, its ligands, and other cellular components that affect Notch signal transduction. A role for Notch signaling during normal development and in disease processes is discussed in an accompanying review by T. Gridley (1997,Mol. Cell. Neurosci.9:103–108).
The Brazilian position on forests and climate change from 1997 to 2012: from veto to proposition

This article describes the Brazilian position on forests and climate change from 1997 to 2012. It argues that it has evolved from a veto, which excluded from the climate change regime emissions from the conversion of native forests, to a proposition, as Brazil offered its approach to the international community. It explains the change with domestic developments: governance over deforestation, the emergence of new and relevant actors, and presidential diplomacy.
Effects of Thermal Pretreatment on Coarsening of Nominally Monodispersed Titania

The coarsening of nominally nwnodisperscd, ∼0.35-μm-diameter titania powders produced by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide was studied. Thermal treatments prior to coarsening experiments had a minimal effect on the apparent particle size distribution, but significantly modified the coarsening behavior and microstructural characteristics. Explanations attributing these differences to the effects of preannealing on the microstructure (grain size and phase composition) within particles are proposed.
Analysis of face gaze in autism using "Bubbles".

One of the components of abnormal social functioning in autism is an impaired ability to direct eye gaze onto other people's faces in social situations. Here, we investigated the relationship between gaze onto the eye and mouth regions of faces, and the visual information that was present within those regions. We used the “Bubbles” method to vary the facial information available on any given trial by revealing only small parts of the face, and measured the eye movements made as participants viewed these stimuli. Compared to ten IQ- and age-matched healthy controls, eight participants with autism showed less fixation specificity to the eyes and mouth, a greater tendency to saccade away from the eyes when information was present in those regions, and abnormal directionality of saccades. The findings provide novel detail to the abnormal way in which people with autism look at faces, an impairment that likely influences all subsequent face processing.
Computational forces in the Linpack benchmark

Dimensional analysis reduces a complicated ten-parameter formula for the execution time of the Linpack benchmark to a simpler two-parameter formula. These two parameters are ratios of software forces and hardware forces that determine a self-similarity surface. Machines move along paths on this surface as the problem size and the number of processors change. Two machines scale the same way, they move along the same path, if they have the same hardware forces. To design efficient algorithms, the programmer must produce software forces large enough to overcome the hardware forces. Modern machines have larger hardware forces than older machines and are harder to program.
Factors affecting collaborative care between pharmacists and physicians.

Abstract Background To have a positive impact on patient outcomes achieved with drug therapy, it is likely that pharmacists will work more closely with physicians to manage medications collaboratively. Yet, little is known about the factors that will support such collaborative care between pharmacists and physicians. Objective The objective of this study was to identify significant influences on collaborative care between pharmacists and physicians, from the perspective of pharmacists. Methods Data were collected through a survey mailed to a national sample of 321 pharmacists identified by state pharmacy associations as being innovative practitioners. Three types of influences were assessed: individual characteristics, contextual factors, and exchange characteristics. Individual characteristics included demographics and a personality measure. Context variables included practice environment and professional interactions between pharmacists and physicians. Exchange characteristics were trustworthiness, role specification, and relationship initiation. Four items asked about the pharmacist's collaborative care with a physician. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed with collaborative care as the dependent variable and the individual, context, and exchange characteristics as the independent variables. Results One hundred sixty-six usable surveys (53.4%) were returned. About 64% of the respondents were male, with a mean age of 43.7 (SD±11.2) years. Linear regression analysis of the complete model produced an R 2 =0.805 ( P Conclusion Overall, the collaborative working relationship model largely explained collaborative care between pharmacists and physicians. Researchers are encouraged to use these findings when studying pharmacist-physician collaboration. In addition, pharmacists seeking to work with physicians should attend to developing trustworthiness and clarifying their clinical roles with physicians.
Demonstration of neurosecretory substance in previosly scanned specimens: Adaptation of the gomori aldehyde‐fuchsin method for correlative SEM/TEM/LM histochemistry

The Gomori aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) method for selective staining of neurosecretory substance (NSS) has been adapted to tissue previously prepared for both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). The procedure results in precise correlation of light microscopic (LM) histochemistry with SEM/TEM of the same tissue.
Elevated temperature evaluation of an existing steel web shear buckling analytical model

Abstract Steel plate girders with slender webs are particularly susceptible to severe damage when subjected to high temperatures due to fire. Using nonlinear finite element (FE) models, this study examines the buckling strength of steel plate girder webs subject to fire temperatures. The models were validated with experimental results presented by other researchers, and the validation study resulted in recommendations for appropriate FE representations of material properties and boundary conditions. The elastic shear buckling stress ( τ cr ) and ultimate shear buckling stress ( τ u ) was then studied for web plates with various span-to-depth ( a / D ) ratios and a range of temperatures representing fire conditions. The results of this parametric study were compared to predictions given by the Basler–Thurlimann (BT) closed-form solution, which was originally developed to predict τ u at ambient temperature. Various representations of the elevated temperature stress, at the time of τ u , were used in the BT solution and compared to the FE results. It was found that the BT solution provides adequate predictions of τ u at elevated temperatures with appropriate substitutions for the yield stress.
Time of first stool in extremely low birth weight (≤1000 grams) infants

The time of first stool was studied in 114 infants with a birth weight of 1000 gm or less. Median age at passage of the first stool was 3 days, and 90% of the infants passed stool by 12 days after birth. There was no relationship between the time of passage of the first stool and either birth weight or gestational age. Of the 114 infants, 88 (77%) passed stool before the initiation of any enteral feeding. The passage of the first stool was delayed in male compared with female infants ( p =0.03).
Enantioselective total synthesis of the pumiliotoxin A alkaloids via reductive iminium ion-alkyne cyclizations. Total synthesis of (+)-pumiliotoxin A

Abstract A highly practical new route for the enantioselective synthesis of the pumiliotoxin A alkaloids in which the title reaction is a key step is disclosed.
RESEARCH ON FATIGUE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CANCER

Summary These investigators have made a significant contribution to the development of knowledge related to fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer. This program of research has made a strong beginning with fundamental qualitative research exploring the concept of fatigue, the development of an early model to explain the concept and give direction to future research, and the development of age-appropriate quantitative instruments to describe fatigue. The next phase of the research is moving appropriately to include correlational and experimental designs to extend the science. The research has high scientific merit and great significance, both for the discipline and for the children struggling to cope with this disease and the fatigue that so often accompanies it. The investigators are to be highly commended.
Restricted distribution and limited gene flow in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

The biogeography of microbial eukaryotes has long been debated, but few phylogeographic data have been available to assess whether protists tend to have ubiquitous or endemic distributions. We addressed this issue in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a highly successful model system in cell and molecular biology. We found that this species has a distribution that is restricted to the Eastern United States, with high diversity in the northeast and low diversity across the rest of its distribution. We find high levels of population subdivision, low rates of migration and significant isolation by distance, supporting the moderate endemicity model of protist biogeography. This restricted gene flow may be a result of small population size, which would reduce the probability of migration events, or the inability to establish after migration. This work lays the foundation for T. thermophila to become a valuable model system for studying population biology.
Characteristics of Important Stopover Locations for Migrating Birds: Remote Sensing with Radar in the Great Lakes Basin

A preliminary stage in developing comprehensive conservation plans involves identifying areas used by the organisms of interest. The areas used by migratory land birds during temporal breaks in migration (stopover periods) have received relatively little research and conservation attention. Methodologies for identifying stopover sites across large geographic areas have been, until recently, unavailable. Advances in weather-radar technology now allow for evaluation of bird migration patterns at large spatial scales. We analyzed radar data (WSR-88D) recorded during spring migration in 2000 and 2001 at 6 sites in the Great Lakes basin (U.S.A.). Our goal was to link areas of high migrant activity with the land-cover types and landscape contexts corresponding to those areas. To characterize the landscapes surrounding stopover locations, we integrated radar and land-cover data within a geographic information system. We compared landscape metrics within 5 km of areas that consistently hosted large numbers of migrants with landscapes surrounding randomly selected areas that were used by relatively few birds during migration. Concentration areas were characterized by 1.2 times more forest cover and 9.3 times more water cover than areas with little migrant activity. We detected a strong negative relationship between activity of migratory birds and agricultural land uses. Examination of individual migration events confirmed the importance of fragments of forested habitat in highly altered landscapes and highlighted large concentrations of birds departing from near-shore terrestrial areas in the Great Lakes basin. We conclude that conservation efforts can be more effectively targeted through intensive analysis of radar imagery.
“Knocking off a Fat Girl:” an Exploration of Hogging, Male Sexuality, and Neutralizations

ABSTRACT The mistreatment of women in the United States is part of a larger problem of cultural misogyny. Hogging is one of the many forms of mistreatment that is devalued and often overlooked. It is a practice where men seek women who are overweight or unattractive to satisfy their competitive or sexual urges. The purpose of this paper is to understand hogging through men's accounts and use of neutralization techniques. Results indicate that two-thirds of the men we interviewed and all of the accounts we analyzed used neutralization techniques to minimize negative self-conceptions and to manage stigma.
Neurorehabilitation 2036: How Might Robots and Information Technology Be Used?

This story is based on a talk I gave at the North American Neurorehabilitation Symposium at the Shepherd Center in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2010. It describes what rehabilitation might be like if I have a stroke when I am older, focusing on how robotic devices and information technology might be used. One can imagine similar scenarios for spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and other neurologic injuries or diseases. References for some of the key ideas are provided in a brief discussion section at the end of the story.
The p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein Represses Human snRNA Gene Transcription by RNA Polymerases II and III Independently of Sequence-Specific DNA Binding

Human U1 and U6 snRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, respectively. While the p53 tumor suppressor protein is a general repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription, whether p53 regulates snRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase II is uncertain. The data presented herein indicate that p53 is an effective repressor of snRNA gene transcription by both polymerases. Both U1 and U6 transcription in vitro is repressed by recombinant p53, and endogenous p53 occupancy at these promoters is stimulated by UV light. In response to UV light, U1 and U6 transcription is strongly repressed. Human U1 genes, but not U6 genes, contain a high-affinity p53 response element located within the core promoter region. Nonetheless, this element is not required for p53 repression and mutant p53 molecules that do not bind DNA can maintain repression, suggesting a reliance on protein interactions for p53 promoter recruitment. Recruitment may be mediated by the general transcription factors TATA-box binding protein and snRNA-activating protein complex, which interact well with p53 and function for both RNA polymerase II and III transcription.
Equilibrium molecular dynamics studies on nanoscale-confined fluids

Fluid behavior within nanoscale confinements is studied for argon in dilute gas, dense gas, and liquid states. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to resolve the density and stress variations within the static fluid. Normal stress calculations are based on the Irving–Kirkwood method, which divides the stress tensor into its kinetic and virial parts. The kinetic component recovers pressure based on the ideal-gas law. The particle–particle virial increases with increased density, whereas the surface–particle virial develops because of the surface-force field effects. Normal stresses within nanoscale confinements show anisotropy primarily induced by the surface-force field and local variations in the fluid density near the surfaces. For dilute and dense gas cases, surface-force field that extends typically 1 nm from each wall induces anisotropic normal stress. For liquid case, this effect is further amplified by the density fluctuations that extend beyond the force field penetration region. Outside the wall-force field penetration and density fluctuation regions, the normal stress becomes isotropic and recovers the thermodynamic pressure, provided that sufficiently large force cut-off distances are used in the computations.
Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Three-Dimensional QED

A detailed analysis is given of chiral-symmetry breaking in the large-flavor (N) limit of quantum electrodynamics in (2+1) dimensions. Analytical and numerical solutions of the homogeneous Dyson-Schwinger equation for the fermion self-energy combined with a computation of the effective potential for the fermion bilinear show that it is energetically preferable for the theory to dynamically generate a mass for fermions. The magnitude of the mass is roughly exponentially suppressed in N from the fundamental dimensionful scale \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\equiv}N ${e}^{2}$ of the gauge coupling constant, but the scale at which the self-mass begins to damp rapidly appears to be of order \ensuremath{\alpha}, so that there is no spontaneous breaking of an approximate scale invariance that the underlying theory possesses at momentum small compared to \ensuremath{\alpha}. Higher-order 1/N corrections are analyzed and it is shown that the 1/N expansion can be used consistently to demonstrate chiral-symmetry breaking. Open issues and possible improvements of the analysis are given and some avenues for future investigation suggested.
Reconstruction and Enhancement of Four-dimensional Cone Beam CT using a Temporal Non-local Means Method

Purpose/Objective(s): Four-dimensional cone beam computer tomography (4D-CBCT) provides respiratory phase resolved CBCT images in image guided radiation therapy. Conventionally, it is reconstructed by first dividing the X-ray projections into each respiratory phase according to a breathing signal and then reconstructing the image at each phase independently using the FDK algorithm. This usually leads to inadequate number of projections in each phase, resulting in low quality 4D-CBCT images with obvious streaking artifacts. The 4D-CBCT images are highly correlated along the temporal dimension due to patient’s smooth respiratory motion pattern. Taking this temporal correlation into account can in principle facilitate the reconstruction. In this work, we propose a novel iterative 4D-CBCT reconstruction algorithm and an enhancement algorithm utilizing a tempoval nonlocal means (TNLM) method.
CCAMLR Fisheries: Challenges to Effective Conservation and Management

The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) 2 is one of a growing number of regional organizations tasked with the conservation and management of fishery resou...
Newton polyhedra and factorial rings

be a Laurent polynomial over a field k. The convex hull of the set {(ii,. . . , i,)~ Z” : a i,...i. f 0) in R” is called the Newton polyhedron of F and will be denoted by 4~. Following Hovanskii [S] we say that F is nondegenerate if for any face d’ of AF the hypersurface C~i,...,.in)Ed,Ui,...i,Xill * * * xi = 0 is non-singular in F*” (Eis the algebraic closure of the field k). The main result of the present paper is the following:
X-ray Absorption Studies of Ceria with Trivalent Dopants

The local structural environments of Sc3+ and Gd3+ in ceria were studied for the first time by using EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy. Our results indicate that Sc3+ in 10-mol%-Scz03-doped ceria has a 7-fold-coordinated Sc-ordered structure with two different Sc-0 distances (2.13 and 2.26 A). An octahedrally coordinated Sc-0 cluster is present in 5 mol% sczo3-5 mol% Gd203-Ce02, because of the strong scavenging effect of Sc3+ ions on oxygen vacancies created by Gd3+. The Gd3+ in this sample is largely unassociated. ScZO3 (5 mol%) and GdzO3 (5 or 10 mol%) form random solid solutions with CeOz. These results are consistent with the current concept of defect structures in this structural family. [Key words: X-ray, absorption, ceria, dopants, defects.]
Infection in revision total knee arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an accepted and successful treatment for advanced knee disease. TKA is being done at an increasing rate each year. Although long-term results following TKA are excellent, infection remains one of the main factors in producing a poor outcome. Infection following a TKA presents both a complex and difficult scenario for the physician. Early intervention with aggressive treatment has yielded the most favorable results with regard to treatment of infection and preservation of function. For most patients, two-stage revision arthroplasty maintains itself as the standard of care. This article discusses classification and diagnosis of infection as well as specific microbiologic pathogens responsible. The various different strategies in the treatment of infected TKA as well as salvage procedures are also reviewed. Understanding this topic will enable health care providers to give higher quality of care, allow for a reduction in modifiable risk factors and will aid containing overall health care costs.
Comprehension of Anaphoric Pronouns.

This study was undertaken to demonstrate that a property of verbs, implicit causality, is an important factor in determining coreference of potentially ambiguous anaphoric pronouns in a timed comprehension task. Subjects were required to decide the coreferentiality of a pronoun in pairs of sentences such as John telephoned Bill because he withheld some information/wanted some information . Verbs were first empirically classified into those that bias assignment toward the first noun phrase of the main clause and those that bias assignment toward the second noun phrase. Pairs of sentences were constructed for each verb such that the subordinate clause in one sentence established a reading consistent with the natural bias of the verb while the others established a reading inconsistent with the bias of the verb. Time to respond was faster for the congruent sentences. This was also true for control sentences such as Sue telephoned Bill because he withheld some information in which gender differences eliminated all potential ambiguities. It was argued from these results that implicit causality is an important determinant of pronoun assignment and that ambiguities are normally resolved at clause boundaries.
Analysis of the impact of androgen deprivation therapy on sildenafil citrate response following radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: Radiation therapy is a widely accepted strategy for prostate cancer. Erectile dysfunction is a common complication of radiation therapy. Adjuvant androgen deprivation was shown to prolong survival in select patients. There is controversy regarding the impact of androgen deprivation on erectile function. We defined the impact of androgen deprivation on the sildenafil response in patients with erectile dysfunction following radiation therapy.Materials and Methods: Patients were enrolled prospectively if they underwent radiation therapy in the form of 3-dimensional conformal external beam or brachytherapy with or without androgen deprivation, reported functional erections before radiation therapy, experienced the onset of erectile dysfunction following the completion of radiation therapy, had comprehensive erectile dysfunction evaluation, including a thorough history and physical examination, attempted sildenafil periodically and completed the International Index of Erectile Function on at least 2 o...
Background-Free Arbitrary Waveform Generation via Polarization Pulse Shaping

A new technique for photonic synthesis of background-free arbitrary electrical waveforms is demonstrated. Optical intensity waveforms exhibiting complementary modulation are synthesized via polarization pulse shaping; balanced photodetection is then utilized to suppress the waveform pedestal in the electrical domain. This work demonstrates more than 25-dB suppression of unwanted low-frequency content which is within 5 dB of the limit set by the balanced photodiode.