cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure and bonding in quaternary crystal Y 3 Si 5 N 9 O

The electronic structure, bonding, and optical properties of a new quaternary crystal ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{5}{\mathrm{N}}_{9}\mathrm{O}$ have been calculated using a first-principles method. The results are compared with the other four Y-Si-O-N quaternary crystals in the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ phase equilibrium diagram. ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{5}{\mathrm{N}}_{9}\mathrm{O}$ has a smaller band gap, larger optical dielectric constant, and stronger covalent bonding, which is attributed to its high N content in the crystal.
Appearance of the Hymen in Newborns

This study was undertaken to evaluate the genital anatomy of female newborns. Hymenal configuration and the number and location of clefts, bumps, tags, and ridges were observed in 468 neonates; photographs for confirmation were obtained for 449 neonates (96%). Hymenal configurations observed included an annular hymen with a central or ventrally displaced orifice in 80% (372/468) of neonates, a fimbriated hymen in 19% (90/468), and a septated or cribriform hymen in 1% (6/468). Configurations significantly differed by race (P less than .001) but no difference was noted by gestational age or weight. Clefts, which occurred only on the ventral 180 degrees of the rim, were observed in 34% of neonates with an annular hymen. Fifty-six percent of neonates had a longitudinal intravaginal ridge, 87% had an external hymenal ridge, and 13% had a tag extending from the rim or a ridge. Periurethral ligaments were frequently observed. It is concluded that lateral and ventral clefts, intravaginal and external ridges, and periurethral bands are normal anatomical findings in the newborn.
The seasonal climate predictability of the Atlantic Warm Pool and its teleconnections

Our study reveals that there is promising seasonal predictability of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP; defined as the area enclosed by the 28.5°C isotherm in tropical western Atlantic) and its associated teleconnections of late summer-early fall seasonal rainfall anomalies over the continental US displayed by a subset of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME). We find that of the four NMME models at least two models (CFSv2 and GFDL) exhibit consistently useful deterministic and probabilistic skill in predicting the July-October (JASO) seasonal anomalies of the area of the AWP at lead times of up to four months. These two models shown are shown to beat the observed persistence skill by a significant margin at all lead times with the exception of lead time zero. The two NMME models also skillfully predict the teleconnections of the JASO AWP anomalies with the corresponding seasonal JASO rainfall anomalies in the eastern Mississippi valley. These prediction skills are significant improvement in warm season rainfall predictability over the continental US.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Structure, Function, and Clinical Use

The sex hormone estrogen is important for many physiologic processes. Prolonged stimulation of breast ductal epithelium by estrogen, however, can contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer, and treatments designed to block estrogen's effects are important options in the clinic. Tamoxifen and other similar drugs are effective in breast cancer prevention and treatment by inhibiting the proliferative effects of estrogen that are mediated through the estrogen receptor (ER). However, these drugs also have many estrogenic effects depending on the tissue and gene, and they are more appropriately called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). SERMs bind ER, alter receptor conformation, and facilitate binding of coregulatory proteins that activate or repress transcriptional activation of estrogen target genes. Theoretically, SERMs could be synthesized that would exhibit nearly complete agonist activity on the one hand or pure antiestrogenic activity on the other. Depending on their functional activities, SERMs could then be developed for a variety of clinical uses, including prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, treatment and prevention of estrogen-regulated malignancies, and even for hormone replacement therapy. Tamoxifen is effective in patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer and in the adjuvant setting. The promising role for tamoxifen in ductal carcinoma-in-situ or for breast cancer prevention is evolving, and its use can be considered in certain patient groups. Other SERMs are in development, with the goal of reducing toxicity and/or improving efficacy, and future agents have the potential of providing a new paradigm for maintaining the health of women.
Estimates of Regional and Global Life Expectancy, 1800–2001

SCHOLARS SOMETIMES VENTURE estimates of global average life expectancy in the more distant past before 1950 and the period covered by estimates from the United Nations the World Bank and other agencies. Because historians and demographers have so assiduously collected information about human survival it is now possible to find a solid enough basis for making quantitative estimates back to 1800. This impressive body of scholarship which has concentrated chiefly on national populations provides the basic material for a picture of global change and variations across six regions: Africa the Americas Asia Europe the former Soviet Union and Oceania. Table 1 shows results using two widely consulted sets of population estimates to weight regional and national values by population size. One set of population estimates has been taken from Biraben (1979) updated by Livi-Bacci (1992) and the other from Maddison (2003). Life expectancy estimates have been drawn from some 700 sources which are listed by country in a bibliography provided separately. (excerpt)
Influence of H-HOPE intervention for premature infants on growth, feeding progression and length of stay during initial hospitalization.

Influence of H-HOPE intervention for premature infants on growth, feeding progression and length of stay during initial hospitalization
Malnutrition, Dehydration, and Ancillary Feeding Options in Dysphagia Patients

Patients with dysphagia are at high risk for malnutrition. Several strategies may be used to address the nutritional needs of these patients. Dietary modification, the addition of oral supplements, or the use of nutritional support in the form of enteral tube feeds or parenteral nutrition infusions can greatly impact the overall health of the patient.
The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918

THIS EDITION HAS BEEN REPLACED BY A NEWER EDITION From about 1880 to World War I, sweeping changes in technology and culture created new modes of understanding and experiencing time and space. Stephen Kern writes about the onrush of technics that reshaped life concretely--telephone, electric lighting, steamship, skyscraper, bicycle, cinema, plane, x-ray, machine gun-and the cultural innovations that shattered older forms of art and thought--the stream-of-consciousness novel, psychoanalysis, Cubism, simultaneous poetry, relativity, and the introduction of world standard time. Kern interprets this generation's revolutionized sense of past, present, and future, and of form, distance, and direction. This overview includes such figures as Proust Joyce, Mann, Wells, Gertrude Stein, Strindberg, Freud, Husserl, Apollinaire, Conrad, Picasso, and Einstein, as well as diverse sources of popular culture drawn from journals, newspapers, and magazines. It also treats new developments in personal and social relations including scientific management, assembly lines, urbanism, imperialism, and trench warfare. While exploring transformed spatial-temporal dimensions, the book focuses on the way new sensibilities subverted traditional values. Kern identifies a broad leveling of cultural hierarchies such as the Cubist breakdown of the conventional distinction between the prominent subject and the framing background, and he argues that these levelings parallel the challenge to aristocratic society, the rise of democracy, and the death of God. This entire reworking of time and space is shown finally to have influenced the conduct of diplomacy during the crisis of July 1914 and to havestructured the Cubist war that followed.
Employment and Roles of Counselors in Mental Health Agencies

The authors studied the employment of counselors with master's degrees in multiservice mental health agencies. The study focused on the types of clients seen, the direct care services provided, and the administrative duties performed. Results suggested that the employment of counselors does not differ significantly from the employment of individuals with master's degrees in psychology and social work. Also, the data indicated that counselors are delivering direct care services that traditionally have been offered in mental health centers, that clients seen by counselors demonstrate a range of mental disorders, and that counselors are responsible for fulfilling various administrative duties.
An Esseen-type inequality for probability density functions, with an application

In this note, an upper bound is provided for the supremum of the absolute value of the difference of the probability density functions of two k-dimensional random vectors. The bound involves integrals of the absolute value of the characteristic functions of the random vectors, and shares a general similarity with a bound obtained by Sadikova for distribution functions of two-dimensional random vectors. Sadikova's paper provided the impetus for this note. Special cases are considered, and an application is presented, regarding consistency of a kernel estimate in the framework of associated random variables.
Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence

Objective Medication nonadherence is a significant clinical problem in chronic disease management. Self-report measures have inadequate reliability and poor distributional properties. We demonstrate how two fundamental measurement issues have limited the usefulness of self-reported medication nonadherence measures and offer recommendations for improving measurement.
Amphotropic murine leukemia retrovirus is not an acute pathogen for primates.

ABSTRACT The in vivo fate of amphotropic murine leukemia retrovirus was studied in five rhesus monkeys. Retrovirus infused intravenously into 3 normal animals and 1 immunosuppressed animal was cleared rapidly from the circulation and subsequent viremia has not been detected (mean follow-up of 27.4 months). A fifth monkey was immunosuppressed and transplanted with virus-producing autologous fibroblasts in addition to an intraperitoneal injection of virus. This animal was viremic for 2 days and its lymph node cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were shown to be producing virus for up to 22 days post-inoculation, but subsequently has been negative after 17.0 months of analysis. In the 5 animals studied (combined mean follow-up of 25.7 months), clinical illness has not been identified at any time. Therefore, murine amphotropic retroviruses do not appear to pose an acute health risk.
In utero perinephric urinoma and urinary ascites with posterior urethral valves : A paradoxical pop-off valve?

Pressure pop-off mechanisms are generally protective of overall renal function in newborns with posterior urethral valves. We describe atypical upper tract preservation with massive in utero extravasation and posterior urethral valves. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old GIIIPII woman underwent ultrasound at 31 weeks of gestation to investigate a discrepancy between fundal height and estimated gestational age. No genitourinary or other anomalies were evident on a 21-week ultrasound. The second study revealed a male fetus with significant oligohydramnios, bladder distention, ascites and a “keyhole” deformity of the posterior urethra. The right kidney had multiple cysts, echogenic parenchyma and a large perinephric fluid collection (fig. 1). The left kidney had mild pelvic dilatation. Serial aspirations of the perinephric urinoma and bladder confirmed favorable electrolytes. After weighing the pulmonary ramifications of severe oligohydramnios and pre-term delivery, cesarean section was planned for 35 weeks of estimated gestational age. A vesicoamniotic shunt was not placed due to late gestational age and an anterior placenta. The day before delivery 600 ml. of ascites were aspirated. After delivery the child required jet ventilation for 9 days. A urethral catheter was placed, and percutaneous aspiration of the perinephric urinoma and ascites decompressed the abdomen. A cyclic voiding cystourethrogram confirmed posterior urethral valves and grade V reflux on the left side only
A developmentally inspired transfer learning approach for predicting skill durations

As robots are increasingly integrated into daily life, one of the most important roles they will assume is that of collaboratively helping us perform physical tasks. Be it helping us put together furniture, transporting materials, or assisting with food preparation, a system's ability to assess its (and others') skill level regarding the performance of different tasks is essential to achieving efficient scheduling and collaboration. In this paper, we present preliminary work towards an observation-driven modeling approach allowing an agent to autonomously predict the amount of time required for different agents to complete actions. This approach utilizes insights and observations from the developmental psychology and operations research communities to accurately develop agent-personalized skill proficiency models. We demonstrate our model by evaluating its performance at estimating agent performance in a set of common assembly tasks. Our evaluation measures knowledge-transfer via novel task introduction, as well as extrapolation by predicting future performance given previous experience.
TEMPORALLY CONSISTENT SIMULATION OF ROBOTS AND THEIR CONTROLLERS

Researchers simulate robot dynamics to optimize gains, trajectories, and controls and to validate proper robot operation. In this paper, we focus on this latter application, which allows roboticists to verify that robots do not damage themselves, the environments they are situated within, or humans. In current simulations, robot control code runs in lockstep with the dynamics integration. This design can result in code that appears viable in simulation but runs too slowly on physical systems. Addressing this problem requires overcoming significant challenges that arise due both to the speed of dynamic simulation running time (simulations may run 1=10 or 1=100 of real-time or slower) and to the variability of the running times (e.g., the speed of collision detection algorithms depends on pairwise object proximities). These difficulties imply that one must not only slow the control software but also scale controller running speeds dynamically. We describe the numerous architectural and OS-level technical challenges that we have overcome to yield temporally consistent simulation for modeling robots that use only real-time processes, and we show that our system is superior to the status quo using simulation-based experiments.
Variations in ADP-ribosylation of nuclear scaffold proteins during the Hela cell cycle

Abstract Cell cycle variations in ADP-ribosylation of nuclear scaffold proteins were determined. Nuclei of synchronized cells were isolated and labeled with [ 32 P]NAD before nuclear scaffolds were obtained by digestion of DNA with DNase I and extraction of proteins with 2M NaCl. Autoradiograms revealed the three groups of “lamins” and a species identified as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to be the primary ADP-ribosylated proteins. The patterns of modification of nuclear scaffold proteins displayed similar features through the cell cycle. Radioactivity in the lamins increased from 20% in early-S phase to 40% in G1 phase of the next cell cycle.
Utility of blood flow to the appendages in physiological control of heat exchange in reptiles

Abstract 1. A heat transfer model was used to examine the possible sites for the cardiovascular control of heat exchange in ectothermic reptiles. 2. Predicted effects of changes in blood flow on heating and cooling remained constant or increased with mass. 3. Predicted sites at which changes in blood flow strongly affect heating and cooling rates differed between small (⩽1 kg) and large (⩾10 kg) reptiles. 4. In small reptiles (⩽1 kg) blood flow to appendages affected heating and cooling rates but blood flow to the torso had little effect on heat exchange. 5. In large animals (⩾10 kg) changing blood flow to either appendages or torso affected heat exchange; small changes in cardiac output have maximum effects when they occur at the appendages, but larger changes in cardiac output can achieve even larger effects by changing torso blood flow.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: Conversion of the acyclic precursors geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate to the rearranged monoterpenes fenchol and fenchone by a soluble enzyme preparation from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Abstract (+)-(1 S )-Fenchone, an irregular bicyclic monoterpene ketone thought to be derived via rearrangement of a bicyclic precursor, is one of the major terpenoids of the volatile oil of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare M.). A soluble enzyme preparation obtained from homogenates of young fennel leaves converted the acyclic precursors geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate to fenchol in the presence of Mn 2+ , and in the presence of pyridine nucleotide, dehydrogenated the fenchol formed to fenchone. Particulate enzyme fractions were inactive in the synthesis of fenchane-type monoterpenes. The identities of the biosynthetic products as fenchol and fenchone were confirmed by radiochromatographic analysis and by the synthesis of crystalline derivatives. Differential crystallization of the fenchyl hydrogen phthalates and the fenchyl p -nitrobenzoates demonstrated that the initial cyclic product was endo -[ 3 H]fenchol and not the exo -epimer, while resolution of [ 3 H]fenchone oxime via the diastereomeric l -menthyloxymethyl ethers confirmed the stereochemistry of the labeled cyclic products as (−)-(1 S )- endo -fenchol and (+)-(1 S )-fenchone. Biosynthetic l-endo -[ 3 H]fenchol derived from the [1- 3 H]-labeled acyclic precursors was chemically converted to (+)-(1 R )-α-fenchocamphorone, and exchange of the α-protons of this derivative established that 3 H was located specifically on the bridge carbon (C-7) of the original fenchane nucleus. Thus, the bicyclic fenchane skeleton was shown to be derived by rearrangement of a pinane-type intermediate. These results provide strong evidence that fenchone is derived by the cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate or neryl pyrophosphate to endo -fenchol followed by dehydrogenation of this bicyclic alcohol, and they constitute the first demonstration of the biosynthesis of a rearranged monoterpene in a cell-free system.
Understanding Satisfied and Affectively Committed Clients' Lack of Referral Intent

ABSTRACT Satisfied and affectively committed clients are likely to refer their service providers to other consumers. Some devoted clients, however, seldom or never offer word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and structural equation modeling, we found that negative attitudes toward giving referrals and perceptions of limited control over referral-giving were associated with reduced referral intentions for satisfied and affectively committed clients. The theoretical implications are that a firm's ability to manage WOM depends not just upon clients' attitude toward the firm but also on their beliefs about giving referrals and their perceived ability to offer effective WOM.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic compositions of lentil (Lens culinaris var. Morton) extract and its fractions.

Phenolic compounds were extracted from Morton lentils using acidified aqueous acetone. The crude Morton extract (CME) was applied onto a macroresin column and desorbed by aqueous methanol to obtain a semipurified Morton extract (SPME). The SPME was further fractionated over a Sephadex LH-20 column into five main fractions (I−V). The phytochemical contents such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannin content (CTC) of the CME, SPME, and its fractions were examined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions were screened by DPPH scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reduced antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) methods. In addition, the compositions of active fractions were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS methods. Results showed that the fraction enriched in condensed tannins (fraction V) exhibited significantly higher values of TPC, CTC, and antioxidant activity ...
The removal of selenate to low ppb levels from flue gas desulfurization brine using the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

The H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was shown to consistently remove nitrate, nitrite, and selenate at high efficiencies from flue-gas desulfurization brine. Selenate was removed to <50 ppb which is the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) criteria for the brine to be released into the environment. When selenate was removed to <50 ppb, nitrate and nitrite were still present in the mg/L range which suggests that selenate is able to be secondarily reduced to low levels when nitrate and nitrite serve as the main electron acceptors for bacterial growth. SO(4)(2-) was not removed and therefore did not compete with nitrate and selenate reduction for the available H(2).
Structured Communication: Teaching Delivery of Difficult News with Simulated Resuscitations in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship

Introduction: The objective is to describe the implementation and outcomes of a structured communication module used to supplement case-based simulated resuscitation training in an emergency medicine (EM) clerkship. Methods: We supplemented two case-based simulated resuscitation scenarios (cardiac arrest and blunt trauma) with role-play in order to teach medical students how to deliver news of death and poor prognosis to family of the critically ill or injured simulated patient. Quantitative outcomes were assessed with pre and post-clerkship surveys. Secondarily, students completed a written self-reflection (things that went well and why; things that did not go well and why) to further explore learner experiences with communication around resuscitation. Qualitative analysis identified themes from written self-reflections. Results: A total of 120 medical students completed the pre and post-clerkship surveys. Majority of respondents reported that they had witnessed or role-played the delivery of difficult news, but only few had real-life experience of delivering news of death (20/120, 17%) and poor prognosis (34/120, 29%). This communication module led to statistically significant increased scores for comfort, confidence, and knowledge with communicating difficult news of death and poor prognosis. Pre-post scores increased for those agreeing with statements (somewhat/very much) for delivery of news of poor prognosis: comfort 69% to 81%, confidence 66% to 81% and knowledge 76% to 90% as well as for statements regarding delivery of news of death: comfort 52% to 68%, confidence 57% to 76% and knowledge 76% to 90%. Respondents report that patient resuscitations (simulated and/or real) generated a variety of strong emotional responses such as anxiety, stress, grief and feelings of loss and failure. Conclusion: A structured communication module supplements simulated resuscitation training in an EM clerkship and leads to a self-reported increase in knowledge, comfort, and competence in communicating difficult news of death and poor prognosis to family. Educators may need to seek ways to address the strong emotions generated in learners with real and simulated patient resuscitations. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(2):344–352.]
CORPORATE VIDEO APPLICATIONS

Corporate use of video offers new solutions to many of the problems of corporate communication. It has become so sophisticated and can be used in so many ways that many large companies are using it extensively, especially firms with multi‐site operations and/or high staff turnover, such as McDonalds. It is predicted that its use on a large scale will be extended to smaller companies by the 1990s.
Simultaneous acquisition of 2D and 3D solid-state NMR experiments for sequential assignment of oriented membrane protein samples

We present a new method called DAISY (Dual Acquisition orIented ssNMR spectroScopY) for the simultaneous acquisition of 2D and 3D oriented solid-state NMR experiments for membrane proteins reconstituted in mechanically or magnetically aligned lipid bilayers. DAISY utilizes dual acquisition of sine and cosine dipolar or chemical shift coherences and long living 15N longitudinal polarization to obtain two multi-dimensional spectra, simultaneously. In these new experiments, the first acquisition gives the polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle (PISEMA) or heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectra, the second acquisition gives PISEMA-mixing or HETCOR-mixing spectra, where the mixing element enables inter-residue correlations through 15N–15N homonuclear polarization transfer. The analysis of the two 2D spectra (first and second acquisitions) enables one to distinguish 15N–15N inter-residue correlations for sequential assignment of membrane proteins. DAISY can be implemented in 3D experiments that include the polarization inversion spin exchange at magic angle via I spin coherence (PISEMAI) sequence, as we show for the simultaneous acquisition of 3D PISEMAI–HETCOR and 3D PISEMAI–HETCOR-mixing experiments.
Human angiotensinogen +11525 C/A polymorphism modulates its gene expression through microRNA binding.

Hypertension is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Like other complex disease, hypertension is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene is associated with essential hypertension in Caucasians, Japanese, and Asian-Indian subjects. AGT gene may also be associated with cardiac hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerosis, and microangiopathy related cerebral damage. Human AGT gene has a C/A polymorphism at nucleoside 11525 (rs7079) that is located in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and is modestly associated with increased blood pressure. We show here that miR-31 and miR-584 bind strongly to the hAGT 3′-UTR containing 11525C allele compared with 11525A allele. We also show that transfection of miR-31 and miR-584 downregulates the hAGT mRNA and protein levels in human liver cells. These studies may provide new therapeutic approach to reduce hypertension.
Correlations between the physical/chemical properties and catalytic behaviors of alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract The catalytic behaviors of alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds can be correlated with certain of the physical/chemical properties of these materials. The intrinsic activities of second-stage (MC 24 , M = K, Rb, or Cs) intercalates for ethylene hydrogenation and 1-butene isomerization at 40-70 °C are markedly larger than those of their first-stage (MC 8 ) counterparts, a behavior that is due to the much greater mobility and extent of ionization of alkali metal species in the former compounds. The differing strengths of metal-graphite bonding serve to categorize the various intercalates into two groups, based on their comparative abilities to form ternary second-stage compounds with hydrogen, and on the nature and extent of their interactions with oxygen and carbon monoxide. The metal-graphite bonding in Group I intercalates (KC 8 , KC 24 and RbC 8 ) is relatively weak; in consequence, upon exposure to O 2 at 25 °C or to CO at ⪢200 °C, these materials undergo extensive decomposition involving the expulsion of interplanar alkali metal species. This phenomenon results in marked decreases in activity for both ethylene hydrogenation and 1-butene isomerization, and in the preferential formation of C 2 + hydrocarbons during CO hydrogenation. Group II intercalates (RbC 24 , RbC 36 , CsC 8 and CsC 24 ), on the other hand, because of stronger metal-graphite bonding, are not extensively decomposed by interaction with O 2 or CO, and, as a result, produce primarily methane during CO hydrogenation.
Turbulent flow through bifurcated nozzles

A finite-element model has been used to study steady-state turbulent flow through bifurcated submerged-entry nozzles with oversized ports typical of those used in the continuous casting of steel. Both 2D and 3D simulations have been performed with the commercial code FIDAP, using the standard K–ϵ turbulence model. Predicted velocities from 3D simulations compare reasonably with experimental measurements using a hot-wire anemometer conducted in a physical water model, where severe turbulent fluctuations are present. Results show that a 2D simulation can also capture the main flow characteristics of the jet existing the nozzle and requires two orders of magnitude less computer time than the 3D simulation. A model combining the nozzle and mould was set up to study the effect of the outlet boundary conditions of the nozzle on the jet characteristics. This modelling technique will assist in the design of submerged-entry nozzles, especially as applied to enhance steel quality in the continuous casting process. Further, the model will provide appropriate inlet boundary conditions for a separate numerical model of the mould.
Abnormal electrocardiographic responses to exercise in patients referred for noninvasive evaluation of occlusive peripheral arterial disease

Abstract Fifty consecutive patients were referred to the noninvasive laboratory for evaluation of suspected peripheral vascular disease. There were 30 men and 20 women aged 27 to 88 years (mean 63). Measurement of cardiovascular risk factors revealed the following distributions: cigarette smoking 90 percent, hypertension 28 percent, diabetes mellitus 22 percent and hyperlipidemia 6 percent. Eight patients had a history of angina pectoris, 7 a prior myocardial infarction, 5 a cerebrovascular accident and 11 prior peripheral arterial revascularizatlon surgery. Evaluation detected 32 patients (64 percent) with occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs. Lead II of the electrocardiogram was monitored during and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after treadmill exercise with a limiting grade of 10 percent at 2.5 miles/hour. The mean resting and maximal heart rates for the study group were, respectively, 78 and 106 beats/min. The average treadmill speed attained was 1.9 miles/hour at a mean duration of 3.8 minutes. Thirty-seven subjects (74 percent) had normal electrocardiographic responses to exercise. Of 13 patients (26 percent) with an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram, 7 had possible ischemic S-T segment responses. Six subjects manifested frequent premature ventricular complexes during exercise. Four other patients had abnormal S-T segments in the resting electrocardiogram (two had a pattern of left bundle branch block, and two a pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy and strain). A survey of 60 peripheral vascular laboratories in the United States revealed that only 29 percent of the responding 34 centers routinely performed electrocardiographic monitoring during exercise testing. It is concluded that (1) electrocardiographic monitoring during exercise in the peripheral vascular laboratory can provide useful information regarding S-T segment responses, (2) abnormal S-T segment responses in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease are frequently manifested at low levels of work load, and (3) such routine monitoring should be performed for patient safety.
Intervention for Young Children with Autism: From Research to Practice

Over the past 15 years, empirical studies have described how the psychological aspects of autism differ from other developmental disorders. Studies of general development describe a pattern of specific relative strengths and weaknesses involving cognitive, emotional, linguistic, and motoric capacities. Because much of the syndrome-specific pattern of autism is present at the preschool period, this has implications for the development of curriculum and educational strategies early on. Early intervention programs that specifically target autism include a variety of educational strategies that address the unique learning profile of autism. As community preschool programs offer enhanced services for this group of young children, they can draw on a body of work generated both from the scientific work in autism and the effective educational practices developed by model preschool programs.
The Elderly's Perspective of the Relative importance of Pharmacy Selection Factors for Long-Term Care Facility Residents

The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the importance of the right to choose a pharmacy relative to other selected long-term care facility (LTCF) resident rights, (2) examine which pharmacy selection factors were most important to potential LTCF residents, and (3) assess whether differences existed between categories of respondents relating to the importance rankings of general pharmacy selection factor categories. A pretested questionnaire was mailed to an elderly population consisting of 428 residents of 4 apartment buildings for the aged and disabled. A total of 214 usable responses were included in the data analysis. Of those responding, 48% reported that the right to choose a pharmacy was one of the more important resident rights, while 40% reported that it was an average or less important right. However, almost all respondents (95%) reportedly would choose the same pharmacy they go to now if they were moving into an LTCF. The most important general pharmacy selection factor categories w...
Electrocardiographic Screening of All Infants, Children, and Teenagers Should Be Performed

If we had the requisite wisdom or irrefutable evidence to answer the existing questions about screening and the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in youth, perhaps the perpetual screening debate would be resolved. Without that seemingly inaccessible goal, we continue to discuss and debate the best practices to identify those with conditions that predispose to SCD.1–4 Response by Friedman p 697 This article will attempt to discuss many of the unanswered questions surrounding screening and to present a cogent rationale for the use of the ECG in screening for heart conditions in the young. Only focusing on the How precludes an understanding of the broad focus that is necessary for effective screening for these somewhat elusive conditions in an age group that is changing on a daily basis. The issues to be discussed in this article will focus on screening data that currently exist, both in the United States and in other countries. A more expansive view of screening of all infants, children, and adolescents, not just athletes, will be proposed along with the advantages and disadvantages of ECG screening. Many of the condition responsible for SCD are subtle and not evident. SCD is not a disease or medical condition but an outcome of a broad spectrum of diseases or conditions. To prevent SCD, a predisposing disease condition must be identified and early intervention provided. Disease-specific prevention must be applied with ongoing surveillance by the individual’s physician. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is not well recognized as an event that occurs in neonates and all children because there is no current registry that documents all childhood SCDs or all childhood cardiovascular deaths. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may be associated with SCA from a channelopathy or with critical congenital heart disease. Many children are extremely active, sometimes …
Capacities of Template-Type Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico During Hurricane Andrew

This paper details results from nonlinear analyses of the ultimate limit state performance characteristics of four Gulf of Mexico (GOM) platforms subjected to intense loadings from hurricane Andrew. These four platforms were located to the east of the track of hurricane Andrew, and were thus in the most intense portion of the storm (Smith, 1993). The nonlinear analyses are able to replicate details of the observed behavior of the four structures. This replication is very dependent on realistic characterization of the performance characteristics of the pile foundations and on accurate information on the “as is” condition of the platforms before the storm.
Optical sampling of GHz charge density modulation in silicon bipolar junction transistors

We report the use of optical sampling employing a gain-switched 1.3?m semiconductor laser to observe charge density modulation in a 1.5?m x 5?m emitter silicon BJT. The overall system bandwidth is 8 GHz. The device under test is switched at frequencies from 100 MHz to 2.5 GHz.
Isolation and characterization of biologically active and inactive cholecystokinin-octapeptides from human brain.

Abstract Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in 0.9 kg human brain was extracted by 2% trifluoroacetic acid at 4°C. Sephadex G50 gel filtration of crude extract revealed one main molecular form of CCK, detected by a carboxy-terminal antibody (5135), that eluted in the position of CCK8. When the CCK-LI in the extract was purified by affinity chromatography using another carboxyl-terminal CCK antibody followed by several steps of reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), a component was isolated that was found by sequence analysis to be identical to the carboxyl-terminal CCK-octapeptide of porcine CCK33, isolated from intestinal mucosa, and to CCK-octapeptide, isolated from sheep brain. This component possessed comparable biological potencies to synthetic sulfated CCK8 in eliciting amylase release and in competitively displacing radioiodinated CCK33 from isolated mouse pancreatic acini. Furthermore, it exhibited a similar binding characteristic to CCK8 in binding to specific receptors on mouse brain cortical particulate preparations. On high pressure liquid chromatography another minor, earlier eluting immunoreactive peak was observed, which had the same amino acid composition and sequence as CCK8. These findings suggested that this material was oxidized CCK8. This earlier eluting component, exhibiting CCK8-like immunoreactivity, did not induce amylase release from acini and had no or minimal effect in inhibiting tracer CCK33 binding to receptors on isolated acini or on mouse brain cortical particulate preparations at the concentrations tested.
How to build a lattice nesting in any arbitrary direction

Abstract Lattice nesting of translates is a major task within the more general problem of optimal nesting of plane figures. The present work shows how to obtain the lattice parameters associated to any direction when they are known for a given one. Obtaining these parameters is necessary for the actual graphical building of the lattice nesting. It is shown that the solution of this problem is equivalent to the solution of a linear Diophantine equation. A graphical example is then presented.
Proton NMR studies of the association and folding of glucagon in solution

The polypeptide hormone glucagon is an interest- ing system for the study of protein conformational change and folding because of the sensitivity of its structure to external conditions. In crystals, glucagon has been found to be mainly o-helical, with the indi- vidual chains related by 3.fold symmetry about two different axes [ 11. The trimeric structures defined by these axes involve extensive contacts between hydro- phobic regions of neighboring glucagon molecules. In dilute aqueous solution glucagon appears to have little structure [2-61, but at higher concentrations aggregates with a degree of o-helical structure have been proposed [5-71. a-Helical structure has also been suggested for glucagon in chloroethanol [5,10] and in the presence of detergents or micelles [8,9]. Upon standing in acidic solution glucagon forms fibrils and gels thought to have mainly P-sheet struc- ture [lo-121. The proton NMR spectrum of glucagon has been observed to depend upon concentration and solvent ]10,13]. Here, we have studied in detail the depen- dence of the spectrum on concentration in aqueous solutions. The changes that occur support the sugges- tions [6,14] that the aggregated form of glucagon found in freshly prepared concentrated solutions is a trimer. Further analysis of the NMR results permits us to characterize the structure, thermodynamics, fo~ation kinetics, and motional properties of this species and to compare it with the trimeric structures found in the crystalline state. 2. Experimental Crystalline glucagon was obtained from Calbio-
Physician perceptions of HMO care for older persons

OBJECTIVE: Physician attitudes may be a key factor in effective managed care for older patients. We sought to explore physicians' views of the influence of health maintenance organization (HMO) policies on the care of their older patients. DESIGN: A self-administered one-page questionnaire consisting of questions about physician demographics, the impact of HMOs on physician practice, patient care, HMO policies, and respondents' personal use of managed health care plans. PARTICIPANTS: The survey was mailed to 838 randomly selected primary care physicians affiliated with two large, nonprofit, academically-oriented, Medicare HMOs in Massachusetts. RESULTS: Completed surveys were received from 516 of 797 eligible primary care physicians, affiliated with either Secure Horizons (Tufts Associated Health Plan) or First Seniority (Harvard Pilgrim Health Care). About half (55%) of the physician respondents reported they had sufficient time to spend with their older patients. Most (81%) respondents indicated that overall, patients aged 65 and older received either better care or no change in care after joining an HMO. The majority of physicians reported that HMO affiliation had increased the frequency with which they addressed geriatric issues with their older patients. There were several patterns of response that emerged with respect to beliefs about key HMO policies. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of physicians working in two nonprofit, academically oriented Medicare HMOs in Massachusetts believed that the overall quality of care that older patients received after joining an HMO either did not change or improved. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:607–612, 2000.
Hypertension, endothelium, and cardiovascular risk factors

The functions of the endothelium and the effects of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes on the endothelium are reviewed. The endothelium affects vascular tone by releasing vasodilators and modulating the effects of vasoactive substances such as catecholamines, bradykinin, serotonin, and angiotensin II. Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle depends upon a functionally intact endothelium and the release of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide. Endothelial cells also appear to release a hyperpolarizing factor that relaxes smooth muscle through activation of the sodium-potassium pump, and of the endothelium-dependent contracting factors. Similarities are found in the vascular injury resulting from hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. When these risk factors coexist, they can act synergistically and magnify the vascular injury. The endothelium appears to be one of the major targets for these forms of injury. Future therapeutic strategies will focus on ways to prevent, arrest, or reverse endothelial injury.
Choosing the Right Diagnostic Imaging Modality in Musculoskeletal Diagnosis

Radiological studies can confirm or rule out competing diagnoses for musculoskeletal injuries and pain. Obtaining a detailed history and physical examination is pivotal for localizing the pain generator and choosing the most appropriate imaging studies, based on the suspected injured tissue. Judicious use of imaging is important to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure, minimize cost, and avoid therapy targeting asymptomatic imaging abnormalities. This article compares and contrasts the diagnostic imaging commonly used for detecting musculoskeletal injuries.
The prism algorithm for two-electron integrals

A new approach to the evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals over contracted Gaussian basis functions is developed. The new scheme encompasses 20 distinct, but interrelated, paths from simple shell-quartet parameters to the target integrals, and, for any given integral class, the path requiring the fewest floating-point operations (FLOPS) is that used. Both theoretical (FLOP counting) and practical (CPU timing) measures indicate that the method represents a substantial improvement over the HGP algorithm.
DNA-ferrous iron catalyzed hydroxyl free radical formation from hydrogen peroxide

Abstract DNA binds Fe(II) in a manner such that OH formation from H2O2 is enhanced as compared to the amount formed in the absence of DNA. Hydroxyl free radical formation was assayed using the spin-trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl pyrroline-1-oxide). The maximum ȮH formation occurs at an added Fe(II) per nucleotide ratio of about 1 70 . The ȮH formed from H2O2 by the DNA-Fe(II) complex attacked DNA producing aldehydes as determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. These data implicate DNA strand breaks induced by ȮH attack.
Sural Nerve Entrapment by Avulsion Fracture of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone

Three cases of sural nerve entrapment by an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone are reported. The fracture was incurred while running, the foot twisting in a depression in th...
Regional transport of the urban workweek: Methylchloroform cycles in the Nevada‐Arizona Desert

The halocarbons CFCl3, CH3CCl3, CCl4, and C2Cl4 have been monitored at four locations in southern California, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona. Summertime concentrations of CH3CCl3 and C2Cl4 at the Nevada and Arizona sites exhibit strong weekly cycles that lag similar cycles observed in the Los Angeles Basin by 1–2 days. The observed patterns imply a nearly complete weekend shutdown of emissions, and remarkably consistent long-range (300–400 km) transport through complex terrain. The average amplitude of the summertime CH3CCl3 cycle is about 1200 ppt in air leaving the Los Angeles Basin, 80 ppt at the mountain-top Nevada observatory, and 40 ppt at the level-terrain Arizona observatory.
Selective Dephosphorylation of the Subunits of Skeletal Muscle Calcium Channels by Purified Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

Multiple sites on the alpha 1 and beta subunits of purified skeletal muscle calcium channels are phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, resulting in three different tryptic phosphopeptides derived from each subunit. Phosphoprotein phosphatases dephosphorylated these sites selectively. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylated both alpha 1 and beta subunits at similar rates, whereas calcineurin dephosphorylated beta subunits preferentially. PP1 dephosphorylated phosphopeptides 1 and 2 of the alpha 1 subunit more rapidly than phosphopeptide 3. In contrast, PP2A dephosphorylated phosphopeptide 3 of the alpha 1 subunit preferentially. All three phosphoprotein phosphatases preferentially dephosphorylated phosphopeptide 1 of the beta subunit and dephosphorylated phosphopeptides 2 and 3 more slowly. Mn2+ increased the rate and extent of dephosphorylation of all sites by calcineurin so that > 80% dephosphorylation of both alpha 1 and beta subunits was obtained. The results demonstrate selective dephosphorylation of different phosphorylation sites on the alpha 1 and beta subunits of skeletal muscle calcium channels by the three principal serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases.
LXIV. Short spark-discharges

(1905). LXIV. Short spark-discharges. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 9, No. 53, pp. 692-708.