cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Galileo measurements of plasma density in the Io torus

The measurements of electron density made by the Plasma Wave Subsystem instruments on Galileo during its pass through the torus on December 7th, 1995 are compared with a model based on Voyager 1 measurements made in March 1979. Outside lo's orbit, the plasma densities observed by Galileo are approximately a factor of two higher than the Voyager values. Shortly after crossing lo's orbit, the Galileo density profile dropped sharply and remained at low values for the rest of the inbound leg, suggesting that the 'ribbon' region was either absent or much farther from Jupiter than usual. The peak density on the outbound leg is consistent with Voyager-based predictions for the cold torus in both location (5.1 RJ) and magnitude (950 cm -3 ). Inside 5 RJ the density dropped sharply to less than 3 cm -3 .
Relationship between preexposure to prey and PCPA-induced filicidal activity in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract Experiments, involving para-chloro-D,L-phenylalanine-induced pup-killing (filicide), were conducted to determine the effect of preexposure to the goal entity on the initial development and long-term expression of PCPA-induced filicide. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n=50) were either preexposed/not preexposed, or preexposed for varying periods (5, 8, or 13 days) prior to receiving PCPA. Two major results were obtained: 1) preexposed animals were less filicidal than those not preexposed; and 2) there was an inverse relationship between the number of preexposures and filicide occurrence. The results are interpreted in reference to a serotonin-depletion habituation hypothesis.
Pore size of microporous polymer membranes

Pore sizes of microporous polymer membranes were determined by the calculation based on the gas permeability of porous media. The gas permeability coefficient K (given by J = K Δp/l, where J is the steady-state gas flux, Δp is the pressure, difference, and l = the thickness of a membrane) for porous membrane can be given generally by where K0 is the Knudsen permeability coefficient, η is the viscosity of the permeant gas, B0 is the geometric factor of a membrane, and Δp is the mean pressure of the gas on both sides of a membrane. From gas permeability measurements which yield the pressure dependence of gas permeability coefficient (expressed as above equation), the mean pore size of the porous membrane can be estimated as where M is the molecular weight of the permeant gas. The validity of this method was examined with various Millipore filters of which nominal pore sizes are known. It was confirmed that the method provided a simple and reliable means of estimating mean pore size of microporous membranes. The method was applied to investigate the influence of factors involved in preparation of microporous polysulfone membranes by coagulation procedure. It was found that the mean pore size of porous polysulfone membrane increases with (1) increasing with casting thickness, (2) increasing temperature of coagulation bath, and (3) decreasing concentration of polymer in casting solution (DMF as solvent). Water flux and water flux decline due to compaction are also examined as a faction of pore size, porosity, and the thickness of membranes.
Soil Oxidation-Reduction in Wetlands and Its Impact on Plant Functioning

Soil flooding in wetlands is accompanied by changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics. These changes include the lowering of soil redox potential (Eh) leading to increasing demand for oxygen within the soil profile as well as production of soil phytotoxins that are by-products of soil reduction and thus, imposing potentially severe stress on plant roots. Various methods are utilized for quantifying plant responses to reducing soil conditions that include measurement of radial oxygen transport, plant enzymatic responses, and assessment of anatomical/morphological changes. However, the chemical properties and reducing nature of soil environment in which plant roots are grown, including oxygen demand, and other associated processes that occur in wetland soils, pose a challenge to evaluation and comparison of plant responses that are reported in the literature. This review emphasizes soil-plant interactions in wetlands, drawing attention to the importance of quantifying the intensity and capacity of soil reduction for proper evaluation of wetland plant responses, particularly at the process and whole-plant levels. Furthermore, while root oxygen-deficiency may partially account for plant stress responses, the importance of soil phytotoxins, produced as by-products of low soil Eh conditions, is discussed and the need for development of methods to allow differentiation of plant responses to reduced or anaerobic soil conditions vs. soil phytotoxins is emphasized.
Metabolism of ovomucoid by the developing chick embryo.

A glycoprotein resembling ovomucoid was purified from chorioallantoic membranes of 12.5 day chick embryos by a sequential procedure involving zinc chloride precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. The resulting preparation was homogeneous as indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 3 pH values, isoelectric focusing, ultracentrifugation, and immunochemical analysis. The purified material had an isoelectric point of 4.8, molecular weight of 29,500 and contained 1.6 moles of galactose, 7.7 moles of mannose, 22.8 moles of N-acetylglucosamine and 0.4 mole of glucose per mole of protein. The ovomucoid fraction inhibited bovine trypsin, forming a 1 to 1 complex on a molar basis, and elicited a positive anaphylactoid response in albino rats at levels as low as 0.5 μg. A specific ovomucoid antiserum was obtained from rabbits that allowed investigation of the mobilization and metabolism of ovomucoid in the developing chick embryo. These studies revealed that between days 12 and 13 of embryo development a progressive migration of ovomucoid occurs from the albumin sac to the amnionic sac. The glycoprotein is then swallowed and transported through the gut to the yolk sac, where it is catabolized by proteases and glycosidases contained in the yolk sac membrane. Between day 12 of embryo development and day 7 after hatching, ovomucoid appeared in the serum of the chick and reached a maximum value of 2.4 mg % on day 18 of embryo development.
An oriented hypergraphic approach to algebraic graph theory

Abstract An oriented hypergraph is a hypergraph where each vertex-edge incidence is given a label of + 1 or - 1 . We define the adjacency, incidence and Laplacian matrices of an oriented hypergraph and study each of them. We extend several matrix results known for graphs and signed graphs to oriented hypergraphs. New matrix results that are not direct generalizations are also presented. Finally, we study a new family of matrices that contains walk information.
The development of specifications-based S- and L-type robust designs

Chan and Cho (2013) studied the specifications-based robust design optimisation for a nominal-the-best type (N-type) quality characteristic under the normality assumption as an underlying distribution of the characteristic. In the real life engineering environment, however, various quality characteristics are of smaller-the-better (S-type) or larger-the-better (L-type) and their distributions are heavily skewed. As an extension of Chan and Cho (2013), this paper proposes specifications-based robust design (RD) models for S- and L-type quality characteristics, which are constrained by pre-specified upper and lower specification limits (USL and LSL), respectively. This paper demonstrates that the Weibull distribution is effective in modelling the S- and L-type characteristics, derives the truncated mean and variance from the Weibull parameters, and incorporates those truncated statistical moments into response surface-based RD models. Finally, numerical examples illustrate how the optimal factor settings are obtained from the proposed models.
Nitrogen Utilization and Metabolism in Ruminococcus albus 8

The model rumen Firmicutes organism Ruminococcus albus 8 was grown using ammonia, urea, or peptides as the sole nitrogen source; growth was not observed with amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. Growth of R. albus 8 on ammonia and urea showed the same growth rate (0.08 h(-1)) and similar maximum cell densities (for ammonia, the optical density at 600 nm [OD600] was 1.01; and for urea, the OD600 was 0.99); however, growth on peptides resulted in a nearly identical growth rate (0.09 h(-1)) and a lower maximum cell density (OD600 = 0.58). To identify differences in gene expression and enzyme activities, the transcript abundances of 10 different genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and specific enzyme activities were analyzed by harvesting mRNA and crude protein from cells at the mid- and late exponential phases of growth on the different N sources. Transcript abundances and enzyme activities varied according to nitrogen source, ammonia concentration, and growth phase. Growth of R. albus 8 on ammonia and urea was similar, with the only observed difference being an increase in urease transcript abundance and enzyme activity in urea-grown cultures. Growth of R. albus 8 on peptides showed a different nitrogen metabolism pattern, with higher gene transcript abundance levels of gdhA, glnA, gltB, amtB, glnK, and ureC, as well as higher activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and urease. These results demonstrate that ammonia, urea, and peptides can all serve as nitrogen sources for R. albus and that nitrogen metabolism genes and enzyme activities of R. albus 8 are regulated by nitrogen source and the level of ammonia in the growth medium.
Anti-smudge screening apparatus for electronic touch screens

Various applications require surfaces with anti-smudge (finger print resistant) characteristics. Examples include electronic touch screens (for example, mobile phones, tablets, computer screens, key pads, and music players), window glass, and textile clothing. An anti-smudge screening apparatus and methodology have been developed. The anti-smudge properties were examined by wiping two artificially contaminated coatings using oil-impregnated microfiber wiping cloth.
Pattern recognition can detect subtle field defects in eyes of HIV individuals without retinitis under HAART.

Objectives To use machine learning classifiers (MLCs) to seek differences in visual fields (VFs) between normal eyes and eyes of HIV+ patients; to find the effect of immunodeficiency on VFs and to compare the effectiveness of MLCs to commonly-used Statpac global indices in analyzing standard automated perimetry (SAP).
National surveillance of emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events in children and adolescents.

Objective To describe the national scope and magnitude of outpatient adverse drug events (ADEs) that lead to emergency department (ED) visits in children and adolescents. Study design To conduct an active surveillance of patients 18 years of age or younger who came to EDs with ADEs from Jan 1, 2004, to Dec 31, 2005, through a nationally representative, stratified probability sample of 63 US hospitals with EDs. The main outcome measures were national estimates of the number, type, patient demographics, and clinical characteristics of ADEs. Results Annually, an estimated 158,520 patients ≤18 years old (95% CI, 117,745-199,295; 2 per 1000 persons) were treated in EDs for ADEs. Almost half (49.4%) of these visits occurred in patients between 1 and 4 years of age. Unintentional overdoses were the most common type of ADE (44.9%), followed by allergic reactions (35%), and adverse effects (12.6%). Antimicrobial agents, analgesic medications, and respiratory medications accounted for almost half of ADEs (25.2%, 13.7%, and 10.6%, respectively). Fewer than 1 in 10 patients (9.5%) required hospitalization or extended observation. Conclusions Interventions targeting unintentional overdoses of medications commonly given to preschool-aged children would likely have the highest impact in reducing ED visits from outpatient ADEs.
Representativeness, Relevance, and the Use of Feelings in Decision Making

It has been suggested that evaluations may be based on a “How-do-I-feel-about-it?” heuristic, which involves holding a representation of the target in mind and inspecting feelings that this representation may elicit. Previous studies have shown that reliance on such feelings depends on whether or not they are believed to be representative of the target. This article argues that reliance on feelings also depends on whether feelings toward the target are regarded as relevant. Consistent with this thesis, findings from three experiments indicate that reliance on the “How-do-I-feel-about-it?” heuristic is more likely when the decision maker has consummatory as opposed to instrumental motives. Results also suggest that subtle feelings toward the target are indeed instantiated in the process, and that the process may be more likely among individuals with a propensity to process information in a visual and sensory manner.
A Theory of International Adjudication

Some international tribunals, such as the Iran-U.S. claims tribunal and the trade dispute panels set up under GATT, are "dependent" in the sense that the judges are appointed by the state parties for the purpose of resolving a particular dispute. If the judges do not please the state parties, they will not be used again. Other international tribunals, such as the International Court of Justice, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the new International Criminal Court, are "independent" in the sense that the judges are appointed in advance of any particular dispute and serve fixed terms. The conventional wisdom, which is based mainly on the European experience, is that independent tribunals are more effective at resolving disputes than dependent tribunals are. We argue that the evidence does not support this view. We also argue that the evidence is more consistent with the contrary thesis: the most successful tribunals are dependent. However, selection effects and other methodological problems render a firm conclusion impossible. We support our argument through an examination of qualitative and quantitative evidence, and we argue that the European Court of Justice is not a good model for international tribunals because it owes its success to the high level of political and economic unification among European states. We conclude with pessimistic predictions about the International Criminal Court, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and the WTO dispute resolution mechanism, the newest international tribunals.
Epigenetic mechanisms and developmental choice hierarchies in T-lymphocyte development

Three interlocking problems in gene regulation are: how to explain genome-wide targeting of transcription factors in different cell types, how prior transcription factor action can establish an ‘epigenetic state’ that changes the options for future transcription factor action, and how directly a sequence of developmental decisions can be memorialized in a hierarchy of repression structures applied to key genes of the ‘paths not taken’. This review uses the finely staged process of T-cell lineage commitment as a test case in which to examine how changes in developmental status are reflected in changes in transcription factor expression, transcription factor binding distribution across genomic sites, and chromatin modification. These are evaluated in a framework of reciprocal effects of previous chromatin structure features on transcription factor access and of transcription factor binding on other factors and on future chromatin structure.
A revision of the genus Lamellipalpus Maulik, 1921 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)

The genus Lamellipalpus Maulik, 1921 is revised. In total, 12 species are recognized 7 of which (with 1 additional new subspecies) are described as new to science: L. atripalpis sp. nov. (India, Meghalaya), L. flavomarginatus sp.nov. (India, Mizoram), L. kubani sp. nov. (W Thailand), L. longipalpis sp. nov. (Nepal), L. nepalensis sp. nov. (Nepal), L. pacholatkoi sp. nov. (NE India), L. p. turaensis ssp. nov. (India, Meghalaya, Tura Hills) and L. sinuaticollis sp. nov. (India, Meghalaya). L. sallei Pic, 1924, syn. nov. is newly synonymized with L. bombayensis Maulik, 1921. All the species are illustrated and a key for their identification is given. Eugeusis lineatus Pic, 1921 is transferred to Lamellipalpodes Maulik, 1921.
Performance Study of Algorithms for Detecting Pulsed Sinusoidal Interference in Microwave Radiometry

The performance of four algorithms for detecting the presence of pulsed sinusoidal interference in microwave radiometry is compared. The pulsed sinusoidal interference sources considered have unknown frequency, initial phase, amplitude, arrival time, and duration. The statistical properties of three of the algorithms are determined analytically, although numerical integrations are required in some cases in order to compute the obtained probabilities of detection. The performance of the fourth algorithm is evaluated using Monte Carlo procedures. Results show that three of the algorithms have a performance that is roughly comparable for the cases considered, while the fourth yields reduced sensitivity. A more detailed study of two of the algorithms, a simple energy detector called the pulse detection algorithm and a ldquopeakrdquo picking detector based on the use of data spectrograms, is also provided.
Fluid cognitive ability is a resource for successful emotion regulation in older and younger adults.

The Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) framework suggests that (1) emotion regulation (ER) strategies require resources and that (2) higher levels of relevant resources may increase ER success. In the current experiment, we tested the specific hypothesis that individual differences in one internal class of resources, namely cognitive ability, would contribute to greater success using cognitive reappraisal (CR), a form of ER in which one reinterprets the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations. To test this hypothesis, 60 participants (30 younger and 30 older adults) completed standardized neuropsychological tests that assess fluid and crystallized cognitive ability, as well as a CR task in which participants reinterpreted the meaning of sad pictures in order to alter (increase or decrease) their emotions. In a control condition, they viewed the pictures without trying to change how they felt. Throughout the task, we indexed subjective emotional experience (self-reported ratings of emotional intensity), expressive behavior (corrugator muscle activity), and autonomic physiology (heart rate and electrodermal activity) as measures of emotional responding. Multilevel models were constructed to explain within-subjects variation in emotional responding as a function of ER contrasts comparing increase or decrease conditions with the view control condition and between-subjects variation as a function of cognitive ability and/or age group (older, younger). As predicted, higher fluid cognitive ability – indexed by perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory – was associated with greater success using reappraisal to alter emotional responding. Reappraisal success did not vary as a function of crystallized cognitive ability or age group. Collectively, our results provide support for a key tenet of the SOC-ER framework that higher levels of relevant resources may confer greater success at emotion regulation.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)tetrazinecopper(II)

A new complex bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)tetrazinecopper(II), Cu(hfac)2(tetz) (1), has been prepared by reaction of Cu(hfac)2 · xH2O and 1,2,4,5-tetrazine in CH2Cl2. Orange crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 were obtained by slow evaporation at room temperature. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group , with a = 11.4825(7), b = 13.4950(8), c = 13.8328(8) A, α = 104.990(1), β = 111.888(1), γ = 94.245(1)°, V = 1886.23(19) A3, R 1 = 0.0507 based on 6814 independent reflections. The complex is unstable at room temperature and decomposes with loss of the tetz ligand. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and magnetic properties are reported.
Anatomic alignment, menstrual cycle phase, and the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

The fundamental basis for knee trauma prevention research is that injuries occur in patterns reflecting the underlying causes. Understanding the underlying causes or risk factors for one of the more severe sport-related knee injuries, an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, is important for developing intervention strategies, identifying those at increased risk of this injury, and allowing targeted interventions. The risk factors for ACL injury have been considered either internal or external to an individual. In the following review, we focus on what is known about 2 categories of internal risk factors: an athlete's anatomy and menstrual cycle phase.
Music Review: Odd Birds

Artist: The Raventones (Randy Hamme & TR Kelley) Reviewer: Kevin Dierks Producer: TR Kelley/Darkwater Music, 2003 Title: Starstruck Enterprise Artist: The Raventones (Randy Hamme & TR Kelley) Producer: TR Kelley/Darkwater Music, 2006 Website: http://www.raventones.com/
Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as infection prophylaxis in oncologic surgery. Leukine Surgical Prophylaxis Research Group.

PURPOSEPostoperative infections are a frequent source of preventable morbidity and mortality in the oncologic population. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent modulator of immune effector cells in vitro and in vivo. This study was conducted to determine whether GM-CSF, when administered perioperatively, could reduce the incidence of surgical infections in cancer patients.METHODSThis was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Cancer patients at high risk of infectious surgical morbidity were randomized to receive GM-CSF 125 microg/m2 per day or placebo subcutaneously for 8 days beginning 3 days preoperatively. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to all patients.RESULTSThree hundred ninety-nine patients were enrolled, with 198 randomized to receive GM-CSF. Twenty-one percent of patients experienced infections during the first 2 weeks postoperatively, and there was no difference in infection rate between the study groups. The most common...
Relationship between Two Motor Educability Tests, a Strength Test, and Wrestling Ability after Eight-Weeks' Instruction

Abstract Relationships between two motor educability tests, a strength test, and wrestling ability after eight weeks' instruction were calculated. The unique feature of this study was that none of the 56 college students had ever had any wrestling experience; therefore, they were learning an unfamiliar or new activity. The highest correlation coefficient found was .498 between McCloy's General Strength Quotient and the ability to learn an unfamiliar activity. The individual predictive value of this quotient was of little worth. A battery including two tests of motor educability and a strength test was both impractical and of little worth in predicting individual learning ability of college students in wrestling.
Venture Capital in Clean Energy Innovation Finance: Insights from the U.S. Market during 2005-2014

Since emerging as a capital destination in the late 1990s, the experience of venture capital (VC) in clean energy technologies (CET) has been checkered. Haphazard investment activity in the early 2000s paired with high-profile failures of once-promising CET ventures to produce a general reticence toward CETs in the investment community. Since then, attitudes regarding the potential for financial venture capital or public policy to meaningfully reintroduce vigor in CET innovation have been characterized by skepticism, in no small part due to notions of capital intensity and policy risk formed during the initial waves of CET investment. Despite its importance, there has been little systematic research of CETs vis-a-vis venture capital, public policy, or the broader investment system. In this paper we revisit this area of inquiry, focusing on the role of venture capital in funding innovation in clean energy, especially in light of the lessons learned over the past decade in the U.S. The core data for our analysis comes from a series of in-depth, semi-structured expert interviews with individuals from venture capital firms, relevant public agencies, corporate venture capital entities, as well as for-profit and not-for-profit investment houses, all of whom were active in the CET space before, during, and after the peak of CET in the late 2000s. We reevaluate common notions regarding the drivers and barriers of VC and strategic corporate investment in CETs and uncover several nuanced insights that inform approaches for addressing barriers to unlocking the full potential of VC in funding clean energy innovation.
The significance of academic genealogies, part 2.

Many new nursing leaders assuming deanships, assistant, or interim deanships have limited education, experience, or background to prepare them for the job. To assist new deans and those aspiring to be deans, the authors of this department offer survival tips based on their experiences and insights.
Excited state and charge dynamics of hybrid organic/inorganic heterojunctions. I. Theory

The different cohesive forces that bond organic (i.e. excitonic) and inorganic semiconductors lead to widely disparate dielectric constants, charge mobilities, and other fundamental optoelectronic properties that make junctions between these materials interesting for numerous practical applications. Yet, there are no detailed theories addressing charge and energy transport across interfaces between these hybrid systems. Here, we develop a comprehensive physical model describing charge transport and photocurrent generation based on first-principles charge and excited state dynamics at the organic/inorganic heterojunction. We consider interfaces that are trap-free, as well as those with an exponential distribution of trap states. We find that the hybrid charge-transfer state resulting from photon absorption near the junction that subsequently migrates to the heterointerface is often unstable at room temperature, leading to its rapid dissociation into free charges that are collected at the device contacts. In the companion Paper II [A. Panda et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 045303 (2014)], we apply our theories to understanding the optical and electronic properties of archetype organic/inorganic heterojunction diodes. Our analysis provides insights for developing high performance optoelectronic devices whose properties are otherwise inaccessible to either conventional excitonic or inorganic semiconductor junctions.
Complexities of Distributed Collaborative-development Environments Increase

As the complexities of distributed collaborative-development environments increase, frameworks specifically designed for such environments will become increasingly essential. one such framework is described, and new technologies are exploited.
Analysis of cost benefit to maintain polio freeeffect in Xuchang City

Obstract To analyze the cost-benefit of maintaining the polio-free status in Xuchang and to provide a scientific basis for maintaing the polio-free status and other disease control.Method The cost-benefit Analysis method was used to evaluate the cost-benefit rate while comparing with the years before 1991.Results Cost-benefit study analysis that discounted cost was 2 177.07 million yuan from 1991 to 2012 yuan,production benefit was 10 376.25 million yuan,net benefit was 8 199.17 million yuan ratio of cost and benefit was 4.77.Conclusions The policies have created significant accomplishment,and the benefits will accrue,following the global exadication of poliomyelitis and cease of cost input.
Pilot trial of huperzine A to treat child language delay

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of huperzine A in treating child language delay and its side effects. Methods: 37 children with language delay and other developmental diseases from pediatric neurology out-patient department,who did not undergo any Language rehabilitation,were treated with huperzine A 50 μg bi-daily for more 3 months and then the efficay and side effects observed. The follow-up was arranged to record the efficacy monthly. Results: 37 cases of 40 had undergone the whole course and the total efficiency is 67.56%(25/37). Language development of other 14 cases were not improved significantly. Other 3 children were not included in because epilepsy were observed among them. Conclusions: This pilot trial result suggests that huperzine A has efficacy on child language delay but should be investigated further. Huperzine A may trigger seizure of language delay patients with epilepsy.
Synthesizing spatiotemporally sparse smartphone sensor data for bridge modal identification

Smartphones as vibration measurement instruments form a large-scale, citizen-induced, and mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) for system identification and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Crowdsourcing-based SHM is possible with a decentralized system granting citizens with operational responsibility and control. Yet, citizen initiatives introduce device mobility, drastically changing SHM results due to uncertainties in the time and the space domains. This paper proposes a modal identification strategy that fuses spatiotemporally sparse SHM data collected by smartphone-based WSNs. Multichannel data sampled with the time and the space independence is used to compose the modal identification parameters such as frequencies and mode shapes. Structural response time history can be gathered by smartphone accelerometers and converted into Fourier spectra by the processor units. Timestamp, data length, energy to power conversion address temporal variation, whereas spatial uncertainties are reduced by geolocation services or determining node identity via QR code labels. Then, parameters collected from each distributed network component can be extended to global behavior to deduce modal parameters without the need of a centralized and synchronous data acquisition system. The proposed method is tested on a pedestrian bridge and compared with a conventional reference monitoring system. The results show that the spatiotemporally sparse mobile WSN data can be used to infer modal parameters despite non-overlapping sensor operation schedule.
Dynamic Balanced Reach: A Temporal and Spectral Analysis across Increasing Performance Demands

Standing balanced reach is a fundamental task involved in many activities of daily living that has not been well analyzed quantitatively to assess and characterize the multisegmental nature of the body's movements. We developed a dynamic balanced reach test (BRT) to analyze performance in this activity; in which a standing subject is required to maintain balance while reaching and pointing to a target disk moving across a large projection screen according to a sum-of-sines function. This tracking and balance task is made progressively more difficult by increasing the disk's overall excursion amplitude. Using kinematic and ground reaction force data from 32 young healthy subjects, we investigated how the motions of the tracking finger and whole-body center of mass (CoM) varied in response to the motion of the disk across five overall disk excursion amplitudes. Group representative performance statistics for the cohort revealed a monotonically increasing root mean squared (RMS) tracking error (RMSE) and RMS deviation (RMSD) between whole-body CoM (projected onto the ground plane) and the center of the base of support (BoS) with increasing amplitude (p < 0.03). Tracking and CoM response delays remained constant, however, at 0.5 s and 1.0 s, respectively. We also performed detailed spectral analyses of group-representative response data for each of the five overall excursion amplitudes. We derived empirical and analytical transfer functions between the motion of the disk and that of the tracking finger and CoM, computed tracking and CoM responses to a step input, and RMSE and RMSD as functions of disk frequency. We found that for frequencies less than 1.0 Hz, RMSE generally decreased, while RMSE normalized to disk motion amplitude generally increased. RMSD, on the other hand, decreased monotonically. These findings quantitatively characterize the amplitude- and frequency-dependent nature of young healthy tracking and balance in this task. The BRT is not subject to floor or ceiling effects, overcoming an important deficiency associated with most research and clinical instruments used to assess balance. This makes a comprehensive quantification of young healthy balance performance possible. The results of such analyses could be used in work space design and in fall-prevention instructional materials, for both the home and work place. Young healthy performance represents "exemplar" performance and can also be used as a reference against which to compare the performance of aging and other clinical populations at risk for falling.
Exploring Trust and Enjoyment in Social Commerce: A Cross-Cultural Research Proposal

The distinctive feature of social commerce is its focus on supporting the social aspect of an online shopping experience. Social commerce websites are designed to be online shopping communities, examples including Pinterest and Kaboodle in the US, and Mogujie, Meilishuo, and Taojianghu in China. Social commerce websites offer many unique features to facilitate online social interactions, such as rich user profiles, sharable shopping lists, blogs, polls, and other user-driven content and features.
Methods for increasing the sensitivity of simultaneous multi-isotope positron emission tomography

Multi-isotope PET (MIP) can distinguish thebiodistributions of two simultaneously injected PET tracers, where one tracer has an isotope that is a pure positron emitter that generates two-photon coincidences, and the other emits a positron and a gamma ray in cascade yielding a triple coincidence.1 However triple coincidence detection suffers from very low sensitivity. This work presents a method to significantly enhance the sensitivity of triple coincidences for multi-isotope PET by adding an extra detector dedicated for the detection of the third prompt gamma in coincidence with the annihilation photons. We performed Monte Carlo simulations with I124, Sc-44, and F-18 isotopes, and measurements with Na-22 and Ge-68. F-18 and Ge-68 are pure positron emitters; on the other hand I124, Sc-44, and Na-22 emit 603 keV, 1156 keV and 1275 keV prompt gamma rays respectively. For the simulations, a phantom was acquired in a simulated Siemens Inveon system with 8 cm diameter, 5 cm thick detector slab of BGO placed at one end of the system to increase detection efficiency of the third gamma ray. The simulations indicate about a twofold increase in sensitivity with the extra detector added. For the measurements, we arranged two LYSO crystals coupled to Hamamatsu MMPC silicon photomultipliers (SiPM)s for the detection of 511 keV photons in coincidences and one large 8cm diameter, 2cm thick detector slab of LYSO coupled to a PMT dedicated for the detection of the 1275 keV gamma ray. The measured ratio of the triple-coincidence counts divided by the double-coincidence detection counts is 0.037±0.003, which compares well with the analytically calculated ratio of 0.042 estimated from intrinsic and geometry efficiency considerations. Furthermore, the 511 keV scintillation detectors were mounted on a linear stage that translated the detectors while acquiring double and triple coincidences counts simultaneously in order to generate one-dimensional profiles of the Na-22 and Ge-68 point sources. The triple-coincidence allows the distinction of Na-22 point source profile from the standard 511 keV double-coincidence profile of the Ge-68 source.
Hong Kong Net-Bar Youth Gaming: A Labeling Perspective

This chapter investigates Hong Kong youth’s perceptions of their gaming experience in net-bars and their negotiation of their identities as well as images. Net-bar as a term in Chinese context connotes, on one hand, undesirability of a place. On the other hand, it resonates with the booming game culture across East Asian countries. These two conflicting socio-cultural meanings created the public perceptions of net-bars. Through focus group interviews, this study reveals that Hong Kong net-bar youth are concerned with the labeles attached to them. They actively distance themselves from and resist such designations through identity negotiation strategies such as avoiding, normalizing, neutralizing, professionalizing, and quitting. Through the youth’s interpretations and negotiation with the labels, the collective experience of net-bar gaming is articulated.
Quantifying Allosteric Communication via Both Concerted Structural Changes and Conformational Disorder with CARDS.

Allosteric (i.e., long-range) communication within proteins is crucial for many biological processes, such as the activation of signaling cascades in response to specific stimuli. However, the physical basis for this communication remains unclear. Existing computational methods for identifying allostery focus on the role of concerted structural changes, but recent experimental work demonstrates that disorder is also an important factor. Here, we introduce the Correlation of All Rotameric and Dynamical States (CARDS) framework for quantifying correlations between both the structure and disorder of different regions of a protein. To quantify disorder, we draw inspiration from methods for quantifying “dynamic heterogeneity” from chemical physics to classify segments of a dihedral’s time evolution as being in either ordered or disordered regimes. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we apply CARDS to the Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP), a transcriptional activator that is regulated by Cyclic Adenos...
Individual Development Plans: Determining Your Strengths, Identifying Areas For Improvement, And Initiating Conversations About Your Career

Individual Development Plans (IDPs) are tools to assist in the establishment of career goals and identification of professional development needs to achieve those goals. IDPs are also intended to f...
Multi-source sensor fusion for small unmanned aircraft systems using fuzzy logic

As the applications for using small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) continue to grow in the coming years, it is imperative that intelligent sensor fusion techniques be explored. In BVLOS scenarios the vehicle position must accurately be tracked over time to ensure no two vehicles collide with one another, no vehicle crashes into surrounding structures, and to identify off-nominal scenarios. In this study, an intelligent systems approach is used to estimate the position of sUAS given a variety of sensor platforms, including GPS, radar, and onboard detection hardware. Common research challenges include multiple sensor platforms and sensor reliability. In an effort to resolve these challenges, techniques such as a Maximum a Posteriori estimation and Fuzzy Logic based sensor confidence determination are used.
Let Them Eat Royal Court Cuisine! Heritage Politics of Defining Global Hansik

The recent race among nation-states to promote national cuisine as a way to counter globalization has marked food as a resource to reinforce national identity and preserve local food heritage. In 2008, South Korean president Lee Myung-bak joined this “food war” by launching the Global Hansik Campaign to reinforce Korean national identity and enhance the nation9s image. The government chose royal court cuisine of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910) as the national representative to present a unified and culturally refined image to simultaneously neutralize local differences and project its global desires. Yet, rather than providing a unifying front for Koreans to project nationalism, the selection of court cuisine fomented debates among local, national, and international actors about what constitutes culinary heritage. Exploring how the state navigated domestic, regional, and global power relations demonstrates that debates surrounding heritage remain tethered to global forces that reproduce the hegemonic social order.
The push and pull of open enrolment policy in metro Detroit

AbstractAs US public education enrolment grows increasingly diverse, school choice policies create opportunities to break the link between residential and school segregation. They also create new pathways for families to self-segregate into ever more racially isolated schools. This study explores student enrolment patterns in Metro Detroit over a ten-year period to understand the implications of open enrolment policy on school racial and economic demographics. By focusing on the ten suburban districts that enrol the most Detroit resident students, we provide initial evidence that, while those districts increasingly enrol more Black and poor students than their residential population, many students from those districts are also taking advantage of school choice policy to enrol in districts further from the Detroit city centre. The in-flow and out-flow of students from these districts has implications for district budgets; design and implementation of school choice policy; and support for students in transi...
A model for use in the prognosis of tendinopathy

This work describes the viscoelastic behavior of a tendon. In this paper we develop a mathematical model of the Posterior Tibial Tendon (PTT) for assisting in the prognosis of tendinopathy. The mathematical model is derived from a generalized Maxwell model for viscoelastic materials. To validate the model, a strain is asserted and the associated stress represented. Using the simulated response to a given stress, the mathematical model of the PTT is validated for a response indicative of a healthy tendon.
Selective neutralization of IL-12 p40 monomer induces death in prostate cancer cells via IL-12–IFN-γ

Cancer cells are adept at evading cell death, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. IL-12 plays a critical role in the early inflammatory response to infection and in the generation of T-helper type 1 cells, favoring cell-mediated immunity. IL-12 is composed of two different subunits, p40 and p35. This study underlines the importance of IL-12 p40 monomer (p40) in helping cancer cells to escape cell death. We found that different mouse and human cancer cells produced greater levels of p40 than p40 homodimer (p402), IL-12, or IL-23. Similarly, the serum level of p40 was much greater in patients with prostate cancer than in healthy control subjects. Selective neutralization of p40, but not p402, by mAb stimulated death in different cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a tumor model. Interestingly, p40 was involved in the arrest of IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) IL-12Rβ1, but not IL-12Rβ2, in the membrane, and that p40 neutralization induced the internalization of IL-12Rβ1 via caveolin and caused cancer cell death via the IL-12-IFN-γ pathway. These studies identify a role of p40 monomer in helping cancer cells to escape cell death via suppression of IL-12Rβ1 internalization.
Practice-based evidence for factors associated with urinary incontinence following prostate cancer care.

106Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common complication following treatment for localized prostate cancer. Past studies evaluating UI risk factors use surveys or chart abstraction, which may be costly and lack generalizability. Electronic health records (EHR) allow us to examine UI at a population level. We applied data mining methods to EHR data to: (1) evaluate rates of UI following prostate cancer treatment; and (2) evaluate potential risk factors for posttreatment UI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing prostatectomy or radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer between 2009-2016, and who received follow-up care at our medical center. Our cohort was constructed from the institutional EHR and the California Cancer Registry. The primary outcome was the presence of UI, measured in three-month intervals from the start of first-line treatment. The secondary outcome was UI 12-24 months following treatment (“late UI”). UI was assessed using natural language pr...
Enhanced mortar approach to characterize the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement on virgin binder true grade

The asphalt community seeks a solvent-free method to determine the properties of RAP binder and those of its blends with virgin binders. A promising approach is to test mortars composed of fine fractions of RAP and a virgin binder, and to calculate grade change rate (GCR) to predict blended binder true grade at any binder replacement rate (BRR). However, the existing mortar approach underestimates the effect of RAP on binder grade, particularly at high temperatures. This study identified the use of a shift factor in the existing method as the source of underestimations. An alternative data analysis method was developed, which eliminates the shift factor by using the relationship between binder and mortar properties. Dynamic shear rheometer tests were conducted on a total of 12 mortar combinations, including 4 virgin binders and 3 RAP sources at a BRR of 15%, and then, RAP GCR values were determined by following both the existing and the alternative methods. Satisfactory comparisons were only observed between grades predicted with the alternative method and measured values of manual RAP binder blends: the average difference was lower than 1 °C for BRR of 15 and 30%, and < 4 °C for BRR of 100%. This not only validated the alternative method but also substantiated that RAP GCR is constant, i.e., the grade of RAP blends linearly increased with BRR. Further evaluation of the enhanced mortar approach is recommended at intermediate and low temperatures as well as with blends including recycled asphalt shingles.
Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting. Shoulder measurements.

The purpose of this study was to examine the intratester and intertester reliabilities for clinical goniometric measurements of shoulder passive range of motion (PROM) using two different sizes of universal goniometers. Patients were measured without controlling therapist goniometric placement technique or patient position during measurements. Repeated PROM measurements of shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, shoulder horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction, lateral (external) rotation, and medial (internal) rotation were taken of two groups of 50 subjects each. The intratester intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all motions ranged from .87 to .99. The ICCs for the intertester reliability of PROM measurements of horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction, extension, and medial rotation ranged from .26 to .55. The intertester ICCs for PROM measurements of flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation ranged from .84 to .90. Goniometric PROM measurements for the shoulder appear to be highly reliable when taken by the same physical therapist, regardless of the size of the goniometer used. The degree of intertester reliability for these measurements appears to be range-of-motion specific.