cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Managerial Overconfidence Affect the Timing of SEOs

I analyze how managerial overconfidence affects management’s propensity to issue seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). I focus separately on Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), and further differentiate between Shelf offerings and Non-Shelf offerings. The main results suggest that overconfident managers are generally no less likely to perform an SEO than their moderately confident peers; however, they are less likely to time their SEOs alongside increased stock returns. Additionally, I find that SEO announcements made by overconfident managers are immediately followed by positive cumulative abnormal returns, and that these positive returns remain for the following two quarters after the offer. Ultimately, the results suggest that managerial overconfidence may diminish SEO market timing.
The Other Side of the Picket Line: Contract, Democracy, and Power in a Law School Classroom

This essay - from a forthcoming symposium on "teaching from the left" in the NYU Review of Law & Social Change - offers an account of the successful union organizing campaign among custodial and landscaping workers at the University of Miami during the 2005-06 academic year, focusing in particular on the role played by faculty during the course of the campaign. It examines a fractious debate generated by faculty who held classes off campus in order to support the striking workers and the author's own decision to put the question of whether to honor the picket line to a vote of his students. It offers an analysis of the pattern of argument that emerged - with opponents of off-campus classes invoking the rhetoric of contract and supporters invoking the rhetoric of democracy - and of what that pattern may reveal about the nature of ideological conflict in contemporary campus culture.
Passionate refrains: the theatricality of Urdu on the Parsi stage

ABSTRACTThe Parsi theatre is known to have contributed to early Indian cinema textual legacies of story and theme, genre and star roles. It also supplied technical expertise, personnel, and capital vital to the new industry. I argue that the aesthetic sensibility associated with the Urdu language was also of great importance, especially to the emergence of the Islamicate idiom in Bombay cinema. Beginning with the popular pageant, the Indar Sabha, Parsi theatrical companies embraced the poetics of the Urdu ghazal with its declarations of ishq (passion) and recurring radifs (refrains). Why did Urdu win out over English and Gujarati as the dominant language of the then Bombay-based theatre? The analysis traces the contribution of Urdu munshis (playwrights), who together with their more illustrious actor-manager employers, co-created a distinctive Parsi-Urdu theatrical style. The performance of Urdu poetry together with Hindustani music and dance is seen as enhancing the literary appeal and musicality of new ...
Direct detection of inorganic nitrate salts by ambient pressure helium-plasma ionization mass spectrometry.

Inorganic nitrates in solid deposits were detected directly by ambient-pressure helium-plasma ionization-mass spectrometry (HePI-MS), without the need for extensive sample preparation. Nitrates were detected even from complex matrices such as meats and fruit juices. Any electrospray-ionization mass spectrometer can be modified to perform ambient-pressure HePI-MS by simply passing helium through the metal capillary intended for liquid-sample delivery. Nitrates on paper strips, glass slides, or cotton swabs (sometimes wetted with a mineral acid) were inserted directly into the ambient-pressure HePI source. The spectra acquired under negative-ion generating conditions showed a peak at m/z 62 for the nitrate ion, along with a lower-intensity peak at m/z 125 for the nitrate adduct of nitric acid. Apparently, it is nitric acid that is initially transferred to the gas phase, forming an ion–molecule complex with hydroxyl anions present in the plasma. The ion-neutral complex then dissociates by eliminating water t...
Growth of GeO2 Nanowires by Thermal Annealing

Germanium dioxide nanowires have gained considerable interest lately [1, 2], in part this is due to the bandgap of 2.44 eV, and high index of refraction, n = 1.63 [3]. In this paper we report a simple fabrication technique for making large quantities of GeO 2 wires with diameters ranging from 40 nm to >500 nm on different substrates. The nanowires show strong preferential growth at gold catalyst locations on the silicon substrate. The nanowires were grown on silicon, tungsten, quartz, and nickel substrates at locations where a ∼10 nm film of Au was deposited. Growth and diameter of the wires are strongly dependent on the background gas (room air) and the length of time exposed to air at the growth temperature. Presented here are the growth conditions, and images of the resulting wires fabricated. The products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The observations show the products are crystalline GeO 2 nanowires.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement program in the post-food and drug administration approval era: early outcomes at an academic medical center.

ObjectiveTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has recently become a suitable alternative for treatment of symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients who are at very high risk for morbidity an...
Mastery versus profit as motivation for the entrepreneur

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that entrepreneurs are motivated not only by the desire to maximize profits but also by the desire for mastery. It then attempts to analyze the implications of mastery seeking for the economics and politics of government privileges and favors for businesses. Design/methodology/approach – Using the existing psychological literature on mastery as motivation the paper first attempts to conceptualize how the desire for mastery manifests itself in the context of entrepreneurship. Next, it attempts to clarify the implications of this for the existing literature on the effects of government policies promoting cronyism. Findings – The paper argues that in business mastery involves producing a good product or service, and validation of the performance occurs via the choices of sovereign consumers. Mastery is thus achieved through participation in a process of competition that is free from government favors. Given that crony polices can disrupt the consumer choice pro...
A data mining hypertextbook: design, implementation and experience

In addition to a richer learning experience integrating text and multimedia such as audio commentary with slides and visualizations of key algorithms and concepts - hypertextbooks for computer science courses can provide immediate feedback to the reader. Due to the explosion of data and information in the Internet age, data mining is becoming a core area in the undergraduate computer science curriculum. In this paper, we discuss our experience in designing, teaching, and improving an undergraduate data mining course by designing and implementing a hypertextbook for the key concepts in the course. Course evaluations conducted show the effectiveness of our approach.
Seeing is believing: CSI, serial mortality, and the discourse of true vision

This essay considers the fascination and seduction of death as it is portrayed in the long-running American crime show CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (CBS, 2000-present), exploring the relatively recent trend in and popularity of crime procedurals in which death, dying, and violence are repetitively enacted. CSI's narrative and visual form both suggest that the more investigators repeat, the closer they arrive to truth and justice. As with the episodic imperative of narrative television more generally, CSI's repetitive drive offers eventual visual gratification for its viewers while situating them in a discourse of true vision-or, vision as truth-in which the show's investigators also circulate. This essay ties these specific interrogations of CSI to an articulation of the concept of the televisual gaze, a scopic function that derives its meaning from the subject imagining herself as part of a field of other gazers and gazes.
Tricuspid valve vegetation in a child with periarteritis nodosa

We report a case of a child who was first seen for acute renal failure and periarteritis nodosa. Angiography findings confirmed this diagnosis. Ultrasound scan revealed large tricuspid valve vegetation, as well as minute vegetation on the right ventricular wall. All vegetation disappeared after 12 months of immunosuppressive therapy. Serology findings for lupus were negative. All clinical and laboratory findings strongly support the hypothesis that this previously undescribed heart involvement is caused by PAN.
Genetic factors in the etiology of bipolar disorder

Abstract Twin and adoption studies have clearly established the heritability of bipolar disorder, estimated to be between 60% and 80%, with evidence of concordance between monozygotic twins ranging between 45% and 75%. Based on this imperfect concordance rate, it is clear that gene x environment interactions play a key role in the risk and onset of bipolar disorder. Following years of efforts toward discerning the etiology of bipolar disorder, recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made significant progress in identification of susceptibility genes. These studies show that bipolar disorder is a complex polygenic disorder caused by the combination of multiple common variants, individually of small effect, that account for approximately 30% of the heritability seen in bipolar disorder. Like in schizophrenia and many other complex disorders, these bipolar disorder susceptibility alleles may be disease-associated in only a subgroup of individuals; different individuals may harbor different mutations, either in the same gene or in different genes that act on similar biological pathways. The additive effect of these mutations, when combined with particular environmental factors, leads to a specific clinical manifestation. In addition, the latest advances in molecular genetic studies have also validated earlier epidemiological studies showing that bipolar disorder segregates among families with other psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia, and that it is influenced by some of the same underlying genetic factors. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances in the efforts to identify susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder, focusing on genome-wide studies.
Terrorism in the Middle East: Policy and Administrative Approach

This chapter looks at policy and administrative approaches in resolving issues of terrorism in the Middle East through sound governance. The chapter examines the social, economic, and political causes of terrorism in the Middle East; the rise of political Islam; and the variations in such a movement in manipulating regional and global interests/conflicts toward advancing their own agenda. In doing so, the chapter addresses policy and administrative challenges in the Middle East and best scenarios in addressing the cause of terrorism as a function of public policy and administration.
Case series: Odontohypophosphatasia or missed diagnosis of childhood/adult-onset hypophosphatasia? – Call for a long-term follow-up of premature loss of primary teeth

Abstract Introduction Hypophosphatasia, a metabolic bone disease caused by a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency, leads to undermineralization of bone and/or teeth, impaired vitamin B6 metabolism, and a spectrum of disease presentation. At the mild end of the spectrum, it presents as pathologic fractures in later adulthood. Patients with isolated dental manifestations, typically presenting as premature loss of primary teeth, are classified as having odontohypophosphatasia (odontoHPP). A subset of patients diagnosed with odontoHPP in childhood can later develop extra-dental manifestations that constitute childhood- or adult-onset hypophosphatasia. Case reports: methods/results Retrospective data related to onset, detailed clinical course, and method of diagnosis were collected as part of a natural history of adult patients with hypophosphatasia. Of 9 initial patients, all had low serum alkaline phosphatase levels for their age and gender at adult presentation (Table 2). The majority (8/9) demonstrated childhood dental signs of hypophosphatasia as the initial clinical manifestation: premature loss of primary teeth (7/9), absent primary teeth (1/9), and delayed loss of primary teeth (1/9). Despite childhood dental presentation and/or other signs/symptoms, diagnosis of hypophosphatasia was delayed 20–54 years (median = 46) since the primary tooth problems and 8–45 years (median = 27) since the first fracture or onset of a major adult tooth problem. Conclusion Patients with primary tooth loss in childhood were often diagnosed with hypophosphatasia later in life. Pediatric patients classified as having odontoHPP under present practice can manifest significant disease burden later in life.
Measuring Deliberation’s Content: A Coding Scheme

This paper details a content analysis scheme to measure the quality of political deliberation in face-to-face and online groups. Much of deliberation research studies the outcomes of deliberation, but there has been a lack of analysis of what groups actually do when tasked with deliberating. The coding scheme was developed out of the theoretical literature on deliberation and further enhanced by the empirical literature on small groups, deliberation, online political talk, and conversation analysis. Strict standards for creating coding schemes were followed to ensure a valid and reliable coding process. Results of the coding of deliberations on the topic of public schools suggest that participants produced a fairly high level of reasoned opinion expression, but not necessarily on the topic which they were asked to deliberate. It is hoped that the code scheme can be utilized by practitioners and researchers of political and social deliberations.
Necessary but Not Sufficient: The Continuing Inequality between Men and Women in Educational Leadership, Findings from the American Association of School Administrators Mid-Decade Survey

The gender of school leaders makes a difference in career paths, personal life, and characteristics of workplace. There is additional evidence that men and women are appointed or elected to lead different kinds of educational jurisdictions. Even if those differences did not exist, equitable access to leadership positions for people of different backgrounds would make this an important issue. This article reports gender-related findings from the American Association of School Administrators (AASA) 2015 Mid-Decade Survey. Findings confirm many of the trends in research on the superintendency over the past fifteen years. The profiles of women superintendents are becoming more like their male counterparts. Both men and women appear to be less mobile than in the past. Men and women are spending about the same time as teachers before becoming superintendents, women and men appear to experience stress similarly, and women are receiving mentoring much more than in the past. There are few data to support the beliefs that women superintendents, more than men are limited by family circumstance although this survey sheds no light on perspectives of women aspirants. This survey also confirms that there are a variety of paths to the position providing opportunities for women who have not necessarily had the typical teacher/principal/central office administrator trajectory. Nevertheless, significant differences still exist. Most important is that men are still four times more likely than women to serve in the most powerful position in education and both women and men of color are still grossly underrepresented.
High-density super-resolution microscopy with an incoherent light source and a conventional epifluorescence microscope setup

We report that single-molecule superresolution microscopy can be achieved with a conventional epifluorescence microscope setup and a Mercury arc lamp. The configuration termed as Omnipresent Localisation Microscope (OLM), is an extension of Single Molecule Localisation Microscopy (SMLM) techniques and allows single molecules to be switched on and off (‘blinking’), detected and localised. The use of a short burst of deep blue excitation can be further used to reactivate the blinking, once the blinking process has slowed or stopped. A resolution of 90 nm is achieved on test specimens (mouse and amphibian meiotic chromosomes). Finally, for the first time, we demonstrate that STED and OLM can be performed on the same biological sample using a simple buffer. It is hoped that such a correlative imaging will provide a basis for a further enhanced resolution.
Splitting the Power to Issue: the Case for Authorized Shares.

We examine the relation between management`s power to issue new shares of stock and stock split abnormal announcement returns. We posit that the mechanical reduction in unissued (excess) authorized shares caused by a stock split, decreases management`s power to issue stock. We argue that this results in lower agency costs and thereby increases shareholder`s value. After controlling for other factors, and consistent with our hypothesis, we find that the pre-split ratio of unissued authorized shares to total outstanding shares (Excess Authorized Ratio) is positively related to the abnormal stock split announcement returns. Our analysis suggests nontrivial economic benefits accrue to shareholders from a reduction in management’s power to issue stock and firms that have a higher pre-split excess ratio benefit the most.
Nuclear, Cytoplasmic and Axoplasmic RNA in Experimental Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

While RNA has been measured in the axoplasm of marine animals (0.04 μμg/μ3) and mammals (0.006 μμg/μ3), a higher concentration of 0.23 μμg/μ3 was measured in experimentally produced dystrophic axons from rats. The increased amount of RNA may be derived by flow from the neuronal cell body, by de novo synthesis in the axoplasm itself or by migration from the surrounding sheath cells.
The Model Penal Code and the Dilemma of Criminal Law Codification in the United States

American criminal law was based originally in judge-made doctrines of the English Common Law, supplemented by statutes in certain areas. No codes of criminal law existed, and still do not in England, Wales and Scotland. This tradition implanted itself first in the colonies, and then in the new union. Criminal law was primarily a matter for the States in exercise of their police power. Only later did a system of federal criminal law develop, rooted in the federal courts’ power to regulate interstate and international commerce. (Art. I, § 8, clause 10, US-Const.) and to “define and punish Piracies and Felonies on the High Seas and Offences against the Law of Nations.” (Art. I, § 8, clause 3, US-Const.)
Hierarchical Space—Time Dynamic Models

Virtually all atmospheric and oceanographic processes (e.g., wind, temperature, sea surface temperature, moisture) involve variability over space and time. For example, consider surface wind fields over the tropical oceans. Such fields are important factors in many processes that are of critical interest to the general public. These include tropical storm (hurricane) formation and maturation, and the development and strengthening of the El Nino-La Nina climate phenomena. One only need examine the governing partial differential equations for wind processes, or selected spatial and/or temporal averages of them, to see that mathematical and statistical descriptions of these dynamical processes depend on complicated temporal and spatial relationships. Furthermore, observations of geophysical processes typically include measurement errors and are often temporally and spatially incomplete. Both of these features can obscure the signal of interest.
Climatic drivers of ponderosa pine growth in central Idaho

Despite the widespread use of ponderosa pine as an important hydroclimate proxy, we actually understand very little about its climate response in the Northern Rockies. Here, we analyze two new ponderosa pine chronologies to investigate how climate influences annual growth. Despite differences in precipitation amount and timing and large elevation differences (1820 m versus 1060 m), ring width at both sites was strongly driven by water availability. The mid-elevation, water-limited site responded well to previous fall precipitation whereas the wetter, high-elevation site responded to growing season precipitation and temperature. When precipitation and temperature were simultaneously accounted for using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, ring-width response between sites converged and appeared nearly identical. Water stress drove the timing of ponderosa pine growth by a combination of factors such as strong water dependence, and determinate growth physiology, as indicated by lag-1 autocorrelation. When analyzing response to single-month climate variables, precipitation from growing-season months dominates. When we examined seasonal variables, climate from the previous year became more important. Temporal fidelity of the climatic response at both sites maintained significance across the historical record, although the relationship weakened at the low-elevation site. The collection of new tree-ring data sets such as these for central Idaho improves our understanding of ponderosa pine growth response to climate.
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE LIMITS OF STABILITY TEST PERFORMED BY YOUNG ADULTS USING NEUROCOM® VSR SPORT.

Background A reliable measure of dynamic postural control is needed for inclusion in the sports-related concussion assessment battery. Currently, there is not a clinical gold standard. The Limits of Stability (LOS) test has potential to be a useful tool to collect objective data on important dynamic postural stability variables. Psychometric properties of the LOS test with healthy young adults are yet to be established. Hypothesis/purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-session and test-retest reliability for the LOS on the NeuroCom® VSR Sport when performed by young adults. Study design Reliability study. Methods Twenty-seven healthy university students completed four trials of the LOS in each of two testing sessions one week apart. Relative reliability was measured within each session with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[3,k]) for Session 1 and Session 2, respectively, on each of the five dependent variables (movement velocity [MVL], directional control [DCL], maximum excursion [MXE], endpoint excursion [EPE], and reaction time [RT]) provided by the Neurocom. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance along with an ICC (3,k) for relative reliability. An ICC value of 0.90 or higher was defined as having a high reliability, moderate reliability for ICC values between 0.80-0.89, and below 0.80 as questionable. Results The reliability within each session for LOS composite scores for MVL, DCL, and MXE was moderate to high (ICC[3,k]=0.89-0.95). These same three variables also had high levels of test-retest reliability (ICC[3,k]=0.95-0.96). EPE and RT had moderate reliability over time (ICC[3,k]=0.88) but differences for within session reliability. Conclusions LOS provides a reliable measure of dynamic postural control for young adults. Two trials are recommended at baseline with the first being an adaptation trial to ensure accuracy of findings. Care needs to be taken when interpreting EPE and DCL scores on post-injury tests due to a learning effect for those variables. Level of evidence 2c.
Antiestrogens in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract Breast cancers (BCs) with expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) occur in more than 70% of newly-diagnosed patients in the U.S. Endocrine therapy with antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors is an important intervention for BCs that express ERα, and it remains one of the most effective targeted treatment strategies. However, a substantial proportion of patients with localized disease, and essentially all patients with metastatic BC, become resistant to current endocrine therapies. ERα is present in most resistant BCs, and in many of these its activity continues to regulate BC growth. Fulvestrant represents one class of ERα antagonists termed selective ER downregulators (SERDs). Treatment with fulvestrant causes ERα down-regulation, an event that helps overcome several resistance mechanisms. Unfortunately, full antitumor efficacy of fulvestrant is limited by its poor bioavailability in clinic. We have designed and tested a new generation of steroid-like SERDs. Using ERα-positive BC cells in vitro, we find that these compounds suppress ERα protein levels with efficacy similar to fulvestrant. Moreover, these new SERDs markedly inhibit ERα-positive BC cell transcription and proliferation in vitro even in the presence of estradiol-17β. In vivo, the SERD termed JD128 significantly inhibited tumor growth in MCF-7 xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner (P
An Online Algorithm for Smoothed Regression and LQR Control

We consider Online Convex Optimization (OCO) in the setting where the costs are mm-strongly convex and the online learner pays a switching cost for changing decisions between rounds. We show that the recently proposed Online Balanced Descent (OBD) algorithm is constant competitive in this setting, with competitive ratio 3+O(1/m), irrespective of the ambient dimension. Additionally, we show that when the sequence of cost functions is ϵϵ-smooth, OBD has near-optimal dynamic regret and maintains strong per-round accuracy. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by showing that the OBD framework can be used to construct competitive algorithms for a variety of online problems across learning and control, including online variants of ridge regression, logistic regression, maximum likelihood estimation, and LQR control.
Introduction: Entering the Garden—The Genealogy of a Reading

The Introduction maps the genealogy of wound theory in Hemingway studies, from its origins in Young and Cowley’s war wound theory to the rise of a competing androgynous wound theory, prompted by the posthumous publication of GOE, producing a body of scholarship (Lynn, Spilka, Eby, Moddelmog et al.) that reads against the grain of this earlier critical tradition. Hemingway, Trauma, and Masculinity seeks to reconcile the tensions between these wound theories, advancing the thesis that the wounds of war and androgyny are really sequential variations of the same wound of emasculation. This thesis is developed by reading Hemingway’s narratives as trauma narratives, through the critical lens of Freudian and post-Freudian trauma theory. The genealogy of contemporary trauma theory is mapped from its origins in Deconstruction and Feminist theory.
Accuracy in judgments of study time predicts academic success in an engineering course

The present work examines the accuracy of self-reports of study time for college students. In a 10-week Mechanical Engineering course, 99 college students accessed their textbook, homework solutions, graded work, and lecture slides via custom software that recorded objective measures of reading time. In addition, the students provided subjective judgments of the time they spent reading these materials. Comparisons between the objective and subjective measures reveal that students significantly overestimated time with the textbook, homework solutions, graded work, and lecture slides, with higher performing students overestimating to a lesser degree. The difference between objective and subjective judgments of study time correlated significantly and negatively with final course grade for the textbook (r = −.31), homework solutions (r = −.39), and lecture slides (r = −.24), but not for graded work (r = −.05). This study calls into question the utility of self-report data in studies of student study habits, and showcases the value of objective technology-based measures of such habits.
An Experimental Investigation on Laser Surface Texturing of AISI D2 Tool Steel using Nanosecond Fiber Laser

Laser surface texturing provides several benefits such as improved tribological behavior of the surface, reduced friction, increased anti-adhesive properties and improved wettability and lubrication applications. Even though, surface topography or surface roughness resulting from laser processing of steel surfaces have been studied in literature, the relation between laser texturing parameters and scale-limited areal surface texture parameters are not as much investigated and correlated. Fiber lasers provide a flexible solution for texturing different materials with different surface structures. In this paper, laser surface processing and texturing of tool steels is considered, and a nanosecond fiber laser system is utilized to scan and texture the surfaces of AISI D2 tool steel under a shield of Argon gas to prevent oxidation. The effects of laser energy density, scan velocity, and strategy on the texture line width and resultant areal surface texture parameters have been investigated. It was found that Argon gas during laser texturing of tool steel helps to achieve not only less heat affected zone but also slightly lower surface roughness indicating that the application of an inert gas requires further investigations.
Sexually dimorphic and asymmetric effects of embryonic ethanol exposure on hypocretin/orexin neurons as related to behavioral changes in zebrafish.

Neurons expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in the hypothalamus promote reward-related behaviors including alcohol consumption and are shown in rodents and zebrafish to be stimulated by embryonic exposure to ethanol (EtOH). We used here in zebrafish three-dimensional analyses of the entire population of Hcrt neurons to examine how embryonic EtOH exposure at low-moderate concentrations (0.1% or 0.5% v/v) alters these neurons in relation to behavior. We found that EtOH in the water for 2 h (22-24 h post fertilization) increases the number of Hcrt neurons on the left but not right side of the brain through a stimulation of cell proliferation, this is accompanied by a decrease in locomotor activity under novel conditions but not after habituation, and these effects are evident in both larvae and adults indicating they are long lasting. Our analyses in adults revealed sexually dimorphic effects, with females consuming more EtOH-gelatin and exhibiting more freezing behavior along with an asymmetric increase in Hcrt neurons and males exhibiting increased aggression with no change in Hcrt. These findings suggest that a long lasting, asymmetric increase in Hcrt neurons induced by EtOH results from an asymmetric increase in proliferation specific to Hcrt and contributes to behavioral changes in females.
Evaluation Method of Substation Weak Link Based on Power Grid Risk Severity Indexs

The safe and stable operation of power grids is an important guarantee for maintaining the harmonious and stable development of society and improving people's living standards. As the power grid hub that undertakes the important task of gathering and distributing electric energy, substations are currently researched generally for the calculation of risk indexs and analysis of weak links in the main wiring of the substation, without considering the risks of the regional power grid. Therefore, through the construction of grid severity index and load loss index, this paper carries out risk assessment method for the combined system including the substation and the regional power grid, and proposes a method for evaluating the weak link of substation based on the grid risk severity indexs. The results show that compared with the traditional method, the method described in this article can take into account the influence of power grid on the weak link of substation, and the evaluation results obtained are more conservative, which provides a new idea for the evaluation of the weak link of substation.
Static and dynamic magnetism in underdoped superconductor BaFe1.92Co0.08As2.

We report neutron scattering measurements on single crystals of ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{1.92}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.08}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. The magnetic Bragg peak intensity is reduced by 6% upon cooling through ${T}_{C}$. The spin dynamics exhibit a gap of 8 meV with anisotropic three-dimensional interactions. Below ${T}_{C}$ additional intensity appears at an energy of $\ensuremath{\sim}4.5(0.5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{meV}$, similar to previous observations of a spin resonance in other Fe-based superconductors. No further gapping of the spin excitations is observed below ${T}_{C}$ for energies down to 2 meV. These observations suggest the redistribution of spectral weight from the magnetic Bragg position to a spin resonance, demonstrating the direct competition between static magnetic order and superconductivity.
Competent Counseling for Middle Eastern American Clients: Implications for Trainees.

The authors used a factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine whether counselor trainees’ group differences on measures of multicultural competence, empathy, and multicultural counseling self-efficacy (CSE) when working with Middle Eastern American (MEA) clients were moderated by trainee race. Two hundred and fifty-six trainees responded to 3 different clinical vignettes that gave information on clients who had varying degrees of MEA characteristics. MANOVA results revealed a significant main effect for trainee race. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that trainees of color reported higher multicultural competence and multicultural CSE than White trainees. Los autores usaron an analisis factorial multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA, por sus siglas en ingles) para determinar si las diferencias en grupos de consejeros en formacion respecto a competencia multicultural, empatia y autoeficacia en consejeria (CSE) multicultural al trabajar con clientes americanos con ascendencia de Oriente Medio (MEA) estaban moderadas por la raza del consejero. Doscientos cincuenta y seis consejeros en formacion respondieron a 3 vinetas clinicas que ofrecian informacion sobre clientes que tenian diversos grados de caracteristicas de MEA. Los resultados del MANOVA revelaron un efecto principal significativo para la raza del consejero. Analisis de seguimiento demostraron que los consejeros de color en formacion comunicaron un mayor nivel de competencia multicultural y CSE multicultural que los consejeros blancos.
High-Precision Three-Axis Pointing and Control

This chapter discusses spacecraft precision three-axis attitude control based on reaction wheel actuation and star tracker and gyro sensing. The nonlinear dynamics and kinematics associated with a rigid body with n reaction wheels are presented. A linearized controller using n reaction wheels is designed that stabilizes the three-axis attitude dynamics, while commanding desired spacecraft attitude, rate, and acceleration. Properties of the attitude controller are discussed including its stability, command tracking, and disturbance rejection properties. Sensor errors and reaction wheel disturbances are discussed as the two main sources of pointing error. Methods are presented to model these errors and to deal with their effects. Keywords: precision pointing; reaction wheel control; attitude observer; attitude control; rigid body kinematics; spacecraft dynamics
Mechanisms of Benefit in the Ischemic Myocardium due to Heart Rate Reduction

The studies reviewed here examine the role of heart rate reduction in the beneficial effect observed following β-adrenoceptor blockade during exercise-induced ischemia in conscious dogs. To further study the effects of heart rate reduction on regional blood flow in an ischemic bed without collateral circulation, anesthetized swine with controlled coronary perfusion were also studied. Measurements of regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) and contractile function (sonomicrometers) during steady state exercise in dogs with chronic coronary artery stenosis indicated the existence of severe regional contractile dysfunction and subendocardial ischemia. The administration of β-adrenoceptor blockade (1.0mg/kg atenolol) improved regional contractile function when heart rate was reduced from 220 to 165 beats/min. Atrial pacing during exercise to prevent the bradycardia following β-adrenoceptor blockade eliminated the improved regional function and blood flow. Thus, the beneficial effect of β-blockade was only apparent when exercise heart rate was reduced. In anesthetized swine with constant inflow coronary perfusion, two levels of coronary hypoperfusion were examined at heart rates of 91 beats/min or 55 beats/min. Bradycardia was produced using the bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 (0.3mg/kg). Regional contractile function and subendocardial blood flow were markedly improved at the lower heart rate for either level of reduced coronary perfusion, indicating a redistribution of blood flow towards the subendocardium. The improvement in contractile function was larger than predicted on the basis of the improvement in blood flow per min to the subendocardium. Independent relationships between regional contractile function and the subendocardial blood flow per min were observed for each heart rate. Thus, the studies in conscious exercising dogs indicated that heart rate reduction is an essential mechanism for the improvement of ischemie regional myocardial contractile function during exercise by β-blockade. This is likely the result of the marked improvement in subendocardial blood flow per beat which accompanies the reduced heart rate; regional myocardial blood flow per beat appears to be a predictor of regional contractile function during ischemia both at rest and during exercise.
Type I collagen is a molecular target for inhibition of angiogenesis by endogenous thrombospondin-1

Three-dimensional explant cultures of muscle tissue were used to characterize secreted proteins regulated by endogenous levels of the angiogenesis modulator thrombospondin (TSP)-1. Explants from TSP1 null mice exhibit enhanced neovascularization associated with increased endothelial outgrowth but decreased outgrowth of perivascular smooth muscle cells . The absence of endogenous TSP1 did not diminish activation of latent transforming growth factor-β and moderately decreased matrix metalloproteinase levels. However, significant changes in other secreted proteins were observed. Endogenous TSP1 decreased mRNA levels for collagens Iα1, Iα2, and IIIα1 and laminin α4 and increased collagen IVα1 mRNA expression. Endogenous TSP1 also decreased the level of type I collagen protein produced by the vascular outgrowths. Collagens Iα1, Iα2, and IIIα1 are known tumor endothelial markers, suggesting that TSP1 coordinately regulates a set of extracellular matrix genes that reverse the angiogenic switch. Suppression of collagen Iα1 or Iα2 mRNAs using antisense morpholinos inhibited outgrowth in TSP1 null explants and proliferation of TSP1 null endothelial cells, indicating that type I collagen synthesis is limiting for this neovascularization response.
Correlations between interfacial oxides and resistance changes for W contacts on heavily doped Si-Ge

Abstract The effects of variations in processing on the thickness of an interfacial oxide and the resistance between W contact films and a doped Si-Ge alloy have been investigated. Auger electron spectroscopy in conjunction with sputter profiling indicated that the native interfacial oxide film could be reduced by 50% with an HF etch immediately prior to deposition of the W film. The interfacial oxide was found to thicken by approximately one monolayer upon being heated to 400 °C for 3 h in a sputtering vacuum chamber with a 3 × 10 -2 Torr argon atmosphere. This was correlated with a doubling in the contact resistance. The manner in which interface oxide could cause this increase in contact resistance is discussed.
Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis by the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid*

The synthetic peptide N -benzoyl-l-tyrosyl- p -aminobenzoic acid is specificallyc cleaved by chymotrypsin to Bz-Ty and PABA. The liberated PABA is absorbed and excreted in the urine. Accordingly, PABA recovery reflects intraluminal chymotrypsin activity and is an index of exocrine pancreatic function. This test was evaluated in 24 patients with cystic fibrosis to determine its role in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Cumulative percent PABA recovery in six hours was significantly lower in CF patients compared with the control group. No overlap was noted between the two groups. There was good correlation between PABA recovery, fecal chymotrypsin activity, and coefficient of fat absorption. These findings indicate that PABA recovery is significantly reduced in patients with CF and steatorrhea and may prove a practical and reliable test of pancreatic insufficiency.
In-house medical personnel scheduler: A computerized on-call scheduling program

Creating an on-call schedule for health care professionals can be a time-consuming and thankless task. We have created a computer program to reduce the time consumed when creating and correcting a call schedule and to reduce complaints about perceived call inequalities.
A randomized, controlled trial of nasal phenylephrine in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Objective To examine the hypothesis that pharmacologic treatment of nasal obstruction, specifically alpha-adrenergic nose drops, will decrease objective signs of respiratory distress in infants with bronchiolitis. Study design Forty-one infants aged 3 weeks to 12 months hospitalized for viral bronchiolitis were enrolled in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of topical 0.5% phenylephrine drops. The primary outcome measure was change in oxygen saturation. Secondary outcomes were changes in respiratory scores and vital signs. Results There were no statistical differences in any of the outcome measures between groups. No adverse events were observed. Overall, participants showed an average 1.6 percentage point increase in their oxygen saturations (P = .002) and a 0.5-point improvement in respiratory score (P = .003) over the 30 minutes of the study. Conclusions Topical nasal phenylephrine did not produce significant short-term improvements in clinical status in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis.
Quantitative aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging

Computer quantitation of myocardial perfusion images has enhanced the detection of thallium perfusion abnormalities compared to visual analysis. Computer analysis is more specific than visual analysis for detection of initial defects and more sensitive for detection of redistribution. Computer analysis is equally good for detecting thallium abnormalities in the distribution of the three major coronary arteries. Measurement of absolute clearance of thallium results in an unacceptable high false-positive rate. However, when clearance in a myocardial segment is compared to the fastest clearing segment in the heart, the specificity of clearance improves significantly. Quantitation of lung:heart ratio is very useful. Increased lung:heart ratio reflects exercise induced left ventricular dysfunction and is a strong marker of prognosis. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) offers the potential of more precisely sizing the risk area. The question of whether this technique offers a significant advantage over planar thallium imaging has to be answered.
An Approach to Formal Definitions and Proofs of Programming Principles

A method for formal description of programming prinicples is presented in this paper. Programming principles, such as sequential search can be defined and proven even in the absence of an application. We represent a principle as a program scheme which has partially interpreted functions in it. The functions must obey certain input constraints. Use of these ideas in program proving is illustrated with examples.
Subjective and objective responses to ethanol in moderate/heavy and light social drinkers.

Background: Individuals who drink heavily are at an increased risk for adverse consequences of drinking and progression of their drinking habits to abuse or dependence. Therefore, it is important to delineate factors associated with their heavy drinking. Methods: We examined individual differences in subjective and objective responses to ethanol associated with level of consumption by reanalyzing data from the nine heaviest and nine lightest social drinkers from each of two independently collected subject samples: Holdstock and de Wit (1998) and King et al. (1997). The light drinkers in both samples consumed five or less alcoholic drinks per week, whereas the moderate/heavy drinkers consumed eight or more drinks per week with frequent binge episodes. Acute subjective and objective responses to ethanol (0.6 or 0.8 g/kg) or placebo were compared in the two groups at baseline and during rising and falling blood alcohol concentrations. Results: Moderate/heavy drinkers reported greater stimulant-like and fewer sedative-like and aversive subjective effects after ethanol than did lighter drinkers. These differences occurred in the absence of any group differences in breath alcohol levels, performance effects, or neuroendocrine changes or in overall reports of feeling any drug effects. Conclusions: These data indicate that habitual moderate/heavy ethanol use was associated with greater stimulant-like effects after an acute dose of alcohol. This finding is consistent with the idea (Newlin and Thomson, 1990, 1999) that individuals who experience greater stimulant-like effects during the ascending limb and lesser sedative-like effects on the descending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve may be at greater risk for developing ethanol use disorders. Although we cannot determine the causality of this association, sensitivity to the stimulant effects of ethanol may play an important role in the continuation of heavy ethanol use and the increased risk of negative consequences from this use.
Optico-hydrodynamic properties of high molecular weight DNA. II. Effect of aqueous glycerol solvents

The optical and hydrodynamic properties of T2 bacteriophage DNA have been determined by steady-state flow birefringence and viscosity in glycerol–aqueous buffer solvents at 25°C. Flow birefringence and extinction angle data were obtained over a velocity gradient range of 0.1 to 5 sec−1 and at concentrations from 3 to 55 μg/ml in solvents containing approximately 30, 42, and 48 vol-% glycerol. Large optical backgrounds were observed in the mixed solvent flow birefringence studies which presented special experimental difficulties; these are described and their effect upon the flow birefringence data are discussed. The data on extinction angle provide no evidence for an internal viscosity effect on the stationary-state hydrodynamic properties of high molecular weight DNA over a range of solvent viscosity from 0.9 to 4.6 cP. Both the optical and hydrodynamic properties under present conditions of measurement appear to be self-consistent in terms of the values for these quantities in neutral aqueous buffer solution. Interpretation of the birefringence is complicated by uncertainties inherent in calculating the form anisotropy of DNA in non-aqueous solvents, but the data imply no large changes in helical structure with increasing glycerol concentration. Both intact and slightly degraded DNA samples were investigated, and no significant polydispersity effects were observed under the experimental conditions described.