cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation and physical properties of early-late heterobimetallic compounds featuring Ir–M bonds (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)

Treatment of Cp*Ir NtBu (1) with the appropriate metallocene equivalent is an effective route for the preparation of the heterobimetallic complexes Cp*Ir(μ-NtBu)MCp2 (2-M, M = Ti, Zr, Hf). The electronic structures of the isostructural series of compounds, 2-M, are described with reference to single-crystal X-ray, Raman, UV-vis, and cyclic voltammetry data. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to aid in the interpretation of this experimental work. Treatment of the zirconium or hafnium congeners with 2,6-lutidinium triflate leads to protonation of the Ir–M bond, to afford Cp*Ir(μ-NtBu)(μ-H)MCp2OTf (3-M, M = Zr, Hf). Compound 3-Zr was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and independently prepared by the reaction of 1 and Cp2Zr(H)Cl in the presence of Me3SiOTf. In reactions analogous to those for 2-Zr, 2-Hf reacts with S8 and aryl azides to insert an S-atom or aryl azide fragment into the metal–metal bond, yielding Cp*Ir(μ-NtBu)(μ-S)HfCp2 (6-Hf) and Cp*Ir(μ-NtBu)(N3Ph)HfCp2 (4-Hf), respectively. Heating 4-Hf results in N2extrusion to form Cp*Ir(μ-NtBu)(NPh)HfCp2 (5-Hf). The kinetics of the latter reaction were studied to obtain activation parameters and a Hammett trend; these data are compared to those for the analogous reaction involving Ir–Zr heterobimetallics.
Reinventing Democracy in Latin America

From time to time, a region of the world captures the attention of social scientists because people there achieve some important human value to an extent greater than the rest of us have managed to do. In the 1970s, the Scandinavian and Northern European social democracies earned the world's envy for their remarkable accomplishments in equality, solidarity, and welfare. Accordingly, many social scientists sought to understand the political and economic keys to their success.
Maturation of protective immunity induced by SIVΔnef correlates with differential expression of transcription factors in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells

Background Protective immunity against vaginal challenge in SIVΔnef-vaccinated macaques develops at 20 weeks after vaccination, whereas the magnitude of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses peaks at 5 weeks. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells phenotypically mature from week 5 to 20, as characterized by upregulation of CCR7 and CD127, suggesting that the quality of the CD8+ T cell response may correlate with protection.
Design of organizational decision support systems: the use of a data extraction scheme to facilitate model-database communication

The concept of organizational decision support and the criteria for designing such support systems (ODSS) have recently received a great deal of attention. While the organizational decision processes differ considerably from individual and group decision making, the requirements for securing data from the corporate database in an ODSS are not much different. The computer and communication technologies that integrate the subsystems of knowledge, data, and models are still essential for ODSS. The authors examine the issues of integrating models and databases through the use of a data extraction scheme. In particular, they describe certain aspects of the query generation algorithms that allow the user or model to view the database as a single relation. The generated query is then translated into TQUEL, a temporal query language reflecting the historical nature of corporate databases. >
Mathematical Problem-Solving Strategy Instruction for Third-Grade Students with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of 3rdgrade students with learning disabilities. Participants were 24 students whose teachers were randomly assigned to 4 conditions: (a) control, (b) acquisition, (c) low-dose acquisition plus transfer, or (d) full-dose acquisition plus transfer. During the 3-week study, students in each experimental group received instruction on a 6-step procedure for solving word problems that required finding half of a number. Across Groups A, B, and C, treatment comprised explicit instruction with heavy use of worked examples and practice with a higher achieving classmate. Analyses of variances were conducted on improvement between pre- and posttreatment measures in terms of number of problems solved correctly and amount of work showing the steps taught in the treatment. For problems solved correctly, statistically significant improvement favored the full-dose acquisition plus transfer group over the contr...
Nonstationary Markov Modeling: An Application to Wage-Influenced Industrial Relocation

A recently proposed technique for estimating nonstationary transition probabilities for a Markov process is developed for empirical implementation. Its use is then demonstrated by analyzing the process of industrial relocation for the U.S. apparel industries. Transition probabilities for twenty-one apparel industries and four time periods are estimated with aggregate frequency data and an embedded wage-adjustment model. The stationarity assumption of no wage-rate effect on the transition probabilities cannot be rejected.
Using linear-threshold algorithms to combine multi-class sub-experts

We present a new type of multi-class learning algorithm called a linear-max algorithm. Linear-max algorithms learn with a special type of attribute called a sub-expert. A sub-expert is a vector attribute that has a value for each output class. The goal of the multi-class algorithm is to learn a linear function combining the sub-experts and to use this linear function to make correct class predictions. The main contribution of this work is to prove that, in the on-line mistake-bounded model of learning, a multi-class sub-expert learning algorithm has the same mistake bounds as a related two class linear-threshold algorithm. We apply these techniques to three linear-threshold algorithms: Perceptron, Winnow, and Romma. We show these algorithms give good performance on artificial and real datasets.
In-situ synthesis and magnetic properties of polystyrene/polypyrrole nanocomposite materials with uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles embedded in polymer matrices have excellent potential for electromagnetic device applications like EMI noise reduction. We have synthesized polystyrene (PS) and polypyrrole (PPy) composites by controllably dispersing bare and PS-coated Fe nanoparticles. These nanocomposites were processed as spin-coated thin films as well as in bulk form. The processing conditions were optimized to achieve good uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. SEM scans revealed clustering of nanoparticles which was particularly evident at the surface in the conducting polymer nanocomposites. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements indicate large coercivities associated with the clusters and surface oxidation of the Fe particles. Overall, the excellent dispersion coupled with reasonable control over magnetic properties achieved in our experiments is promising for electromagnetic applications of these materials.
A new microchannel device for proteins separation and identification

A new microchannel electrophoresis device was prepared by micro-fabrication technique. Proteins were separated and simultaneously identified using a resistance circuit model. Various sizes of microchannels and detection electrodes were fabricated to evaluate the device performance. Mixtures containing three model proteins were demonstrated with this new device. The separation efficiency and detection signal were improved with the increase of the channel's cross-sectional area and the decrease of the detection electrode area. The amount of each protein can be roughly estimated by the device's current-time curve. This device is potentially applicable to biological and medical laboratories for the identification of proteins.
Electromagnetically Driven Expanding Ring with Pre-Heating

Experiments were conducted that simulate the time-varying mechanical and thermal conditions typically found in electromagnetic launchers. While materials that are slowly heated isothermally have adequate time for fundamental microstructural changes that weaken them to occur, the mechanical strength of metals subjected to rapidly varying high-temperature pulses is dependent on heating rate and duration. Previous work has shown that tabulated properties of high-temperature materials inadequately describe such materials under pulsed heating conditions. In this paper, electrolytic tough pitch copper ring samples have been heated to a peak temperature in the range of 450degC over about 25 ms. The samples are first inductively preheated with low current before using a short-duration high-current pulse to expand the ring. A new photonic Doppler velocimetry system was used to accurately measure the velocity profile during the dynamic thermal and mechanical conditions. Preheating the specimens to 200degC resulted in a 30% drop in strength when compared to samples without preheating.
Role of Immune Cells and Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Immune cells are important in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and determine disease severity. Results from cytokine-based clinical trials for acute pancreatitis have been disappointing, so strategies that target and alter the behavior of infiltrating immune cells require consideration. Recurrent acute pancreatitis can progress to chronic pancreatitis, which is a well-described risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). However, most patients with chronic pancreatitis do not develop PDA, and most patients with PDA do not have a history of pancreatitis. Interestingly, chronic pancreatitis and PDA tissues have similarities in their desmoplasia and inflammatory infiltrates, indicating overlapping inflammatory responses. Further studies are needed to determine the differences and similarities of these responses, improve our understanding of PDA pathogenesis, and develop specific immune-based therapies. Immune cells in PDA produce immunosuppressive signals that allow tumors to evade the immune response. Unlike single therapeutic agent studies that block immunosuppressive mechanisms, studies of combination therapies that include therapeutic vaccines have provided promising results.
Physical and Environmental Considerations for First Responders

To prioritize the most common effects of a disaster, HCPs must decide in advance what is needed and how, when, and whom to provide the necessary support to deal with the posteffects of a disaster. During the rescue mission, the primary public health concern is clean drinking water, food, shelter, and medical care. Medical care is critical especially in areas where little or no medical care exists. Natural disasters do not necessarily cause an increase in infectious disease outbreaks. However, contaminated water and food supplies as well as the lack of shelter and medical care may have a secondary effect of worsening illnesses that already exists in the affected region. Appropriate preparation in the form of preplanning for immunizations as well as education about other forms of protection, such as appropriate apparel and water decontamination, promotes a safer environment for first responders and survivors. The continued need for postdisaster health monitoring for HCPs is imperative. The effects of a disaster last a long time; therefore there is an ongoing need to focus on the physical and environmental effects, including surveying and monitoring for infectious water or insect-transmitted diseases; restoring normal primary health services, water systems, transportation, housing, and employment; and continuing to assist the community’s recovery after the immediate crisis has subsided.
Severe Allergic Reaction to Hydrochlorothiazide Mimicking Septic Shock

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a sulfonamide-containing drug with commonly reported adverse effects that include electrolyte abnormalities, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, and photosensitivity. A few reports have described rare but serious drug complications such as interstitial pneumonitis, angioedema, and aplastic anemia. We describe a patient who experienced a serious HCTZ-induced adverse event that, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported in the literature. A 78-year-old woman came to the emergency department with dyspnea and severe fatigue; her signs and symptoms were suggestive of septic shock from pneumonia. She was treated accordingly, her condition improved, and she was discharged home. During the next 2 months, the patient returned to the emergency department 2 more times and was hospitalized each time with the same diagnosis. During her third admission, it was discovered that the patient's primary care physician had restarted her HCTZ for hypertension after it had been discontinued during each of the first two hospitalizations. The patient's symptoms began within hours of the first and second hospitalizations and almost immediately after taking a dose of HCTZ on the day of the third hospitalization. Her medical history revealed documented allergic reactions to sulfonamide drugs and penicillin; thus a hypersensitivity reaction to HCTZ was suspected. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the patient's hypersensitivity reactions and HCTZ therapy. Because of a lack of evidence showing cross-reactivity among the different classes of sulfonamides, the mechanism of the allergic reaction to HCTZ was unlikely to be cross-sensitivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfonamide nonantibiotic drugs. Although the mechanism is not clear, evidence shows that the allergy to the HCTZ (sulfonamide nonantibiotic) may be due to a predisposition to drug allergies rather than sulfonamide cross-sensitivity. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for these types of allergic reactions.
RAINFALL, FRUITING PHENOLOGY, AND THE NESTING SEASON OF WHITE-CROWNED PIGEONS IN THE UPPER FLORIDA KEYS

Abstract White-crowned Pigeons (Columba leucocephala) varied their timing of breeding and nesting intensity in response to variation in production of the four most important fruit species in their breeding-season diet in the upper Florida Keys. From 1988 through 1990, we monitored fruit production year-round in five habitats in which pigeons foraged and monitored all pigeon nests along two transects on Middle Butternut Key. Annually, pigeon breeding was positively correlated with summer rains and with the peak in overall fruit production. However, within the breeding season, only the availability of Metopium toxiferum was positively correlated with rainfall and the number of new clutches initiated. Both the timing and magnitude of breeding varied annually. In 1988, when Metopium was more available, more pigeons nested, the nesting season started earlier and lasted longer, and a large peak in nesting occurred when Metopium fruit ripened. During 1989 and 1990, when the relative availability of Metopium was ...
Mediator Types and the Effectiveness of Information Provision Strategies in the Resolution of International Conflict

This study emphasizes that mediators may facilitate negotiated settlements by providing relevant information to the belligerents. Mediation can reduce uncertainty in the environment because mediators may have access to information regarding one or both of the disputing states’ costs of fighting and/or probability of winning that the disputants do not have about each other. The findings of this study demonstrate that information provision is an effective mediation strategy once we take into account a mediator’s ability to elicit relevant information about the disputants and the dependence between a mediator’s decision to mediate a given international crisis and the outcome of mediation.
Business Survival and the Decision to Exit

The decision to exit is examined for a cohort of over 12,000 plants established in 1976. Using a longitudinal data base, the performance of the establishments is analysed over the subsequent 10 years. The empirical evidence suggests that start-up size, ownership status, and the industry environment affect the likelihood of a start -up subsequently exiting. Plants with more employees during the start -up year are found to have a lower likelihood of exit than do smaller plants. Similarly, establishnwnts which are independent are found to have a lower likelihood of exit within the following years than do newly created establishments belonging to a multi-plant firm. However, the determinants of exit apparently vary along with the age of the establishment. Innovative activity is found to raise the likelihood of establishment exit in the short run but lower it in the longer run.
They're Bi Shepherds, Not Gay Cowboys: The Misframing of Brokeback Mountain:

Brokeback Mountain is routinely discussed as being about “gay” cowboys, but its characters are clearly shown to be bisexual. The misframing of the film results from our culture's ongoing tendency t...
Educating Grandparents of Grandchildren with Type I Diabetes Using Simulation: A Dissertation

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using human patient simulation (HPS) to teach Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) management to grandparents of grandchildren with T1DM. Thirty grandparents (11 male, 19 female) of young grandchildren (aged 12 and under) with T1DM were recruited from an urban medical center. Experimental group (n = 14) grandparents received hands-on visual T1DM management education using an HPS intervention, and control group (n = 16) grandparents received similar education using a non-HPS intervention. Post-intervention, researchers interviewed twelve grandparents (50% HPS, 50% non-HPS) who scored highest and lowest on the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey. Using a mixedmethod design, researchers integrated study instrument data and post-intervention interview data to describe grandparent’s experience learning T1DM management. Post-intervention, grandparent scores for knowledge, confidence, and fear showed no significant difference by group assignment, however, all grandparent scores showed improvement from Time 1 to Time 2. Grandparents described how taking part in T1DM education heightened their awareness of T1DM risks. GP T1DM knowledge gains aided GPs to make sense of T1DM risks. Newfound T1DM knowledge enhanced GP T1DM management confidence. Improved T1DM knowledge and confidence helped to defuse T1DM management fear. Although study instruments did not measure significant difference between grandparents who received the HPS intervention and those who did not, the consistency of larger HPS-taught grandparent score improvement is suggestive of a benefit for HPS
Nonlinear Structural Response in Flexible Flapping Wings with Different Density Ratio

In our previous work, a strong-coupling approach was successfully used to simulate highly flexible wings interacting with surrounding fluid flows in a globally Eulerian framework for both fluid and solid. However there was a strong assumption to simplify the formulation: the wing structure has the same density as the surrounding fluid. Here, using a fast-tracking method to efficiently identify the solid and fluid areas and solving modified momentum equations and pressure Poisson equation with variable (but still incompressible) density, we were able to apply the same idea to solve flapping-wing system with arbitrary density ratio. In the investigation of effects by different density ratio, for the same shear modulus, higher structural density actually leads to a “softer” appearance with larger deformation of the wing, as a result of relatively stronger inertial effect. Meanwhile, the wake
On the techniques of German-Chinese interpreting

Translation is mainly divided into written and oral forms. There is no difference between them on the nature and objects, but the standards and techniques are quite different because of the different communicative condition. Oral interpretation can be made up of the following steps: listening, understanding, storing and expressing. Main techniques in the interpreting process are studied on the four aspects in this article.
Expert System Development on Continuous Casting Slab Quality Justification

In view of much uncertainty in the process of continuous casting,based on the introduction of fuzzy technology,the expert system of continuous casting slab quality justification was developed.Taking surface longitudinal cracks as example,the continuous casting slab knowledge database is set up with industrial operation data acquired in one medium plate plant as samples.The continuous casting slab quality is justified、reasoned and decided off-line by positive reasoning system,the HMI is built up by VC++6.0 and oracle is adopted as database.The debugged result showed that the system has the higher justification accuracy(more than 95.6%),which provides the base for its on-line application.
Grizzly Model of Fully Coupled Heat Transfer, Moisture Diffusion, Alkali-Silica Reaction and Fracturing Processes in Concrete

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing a fully coupled thermo-hydromechanical-chemical (THMC) concrete model, referred as Grizzly, with the ultimate goal of reliably simulating and predicting the long-term performance of concrete structures subjected to various aging and degradation mechanisms. In this paper, we present a fully coupled concrete model implemented in our Grizzly code for simulating coupled moisture/heat transfer, stressdependent ASR swelling and elastic/inelastic mechanics. Example simulation results and preliminary model validation results against experimental data reported in the literature will be provided also in this paper. The close matches between the simulation results and experiments clearly reveal the potential of the fully coupled solution strategy for solving tightly coupled THMC concrete models. We also present simulation results of using a rate-dependent damaging mechanics model for simulating the ASR swelling induced degradation of concrete structures and its feedback to moisture and heat transport processes.
Patent Claim Construction as a Form of Legal Interpretation

Since the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark decision, Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., courts have employed a textualist approach when construing patent claims. Claim construction has been held to be purely a matter of law, which leaves no room for deference when the construction is reconsidered on appellate review. But as argued in this article, patent claims are a unique type of legal text, and cannot simply be analogized to statutes or contracts, which courts and scholars occasionally attempt to do. Taking lessons from the general legal theory of interpretation, the textualist approach should only be a starting point for the interpretation of patents, rather than an all-encompassing approach. By adapting and using a range of theories of legal interpretation outside the patent sphere, we can find an approach to patent claim construction that more consistently results in satisfactory constructions. This may, for example, include consideration of fact-intensive inquiries such as an inventor’s intention and public policy. As a corollary, an expansive jurisprudential approach to patent claim construction calls into question current patent doctrine concerning the standard of review — should claim construction really be subject to de novo review?
Mononuclear cell modulation of fibroblast procoagulant activity.

Abstract The release of procoagulant material by connective tissue cells as a sequel to cell injury can initiate blood coagulation and may thus play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions. Human foreskin fibroblasts were shown to synthesize high levels of the procoagulant TF in vitro. Generation of TF by fibroblasts was inhibited by addition of supernatants of PHA-stimulated human mononuclear cells to fibroblast cultures. The inhibition was independent of supernatant effects on cellular proliferation and was accompanied by up to a 20-fold increase in PGE 2 synthesis in the fibroblast cultures. The inhibition of TF generation by MC-SNs was reversed by adding indomethacin to the fibroblast cultures, suggesting that mononuclear cells suppress fibroblast TF generation by stimulation of endogenous fibroblast synthesis of prostaglandin. Regulation of fibroblast PCA by products of immune cells may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions.
Kantian Feeling: Empirical Psychology, Transcendental Critique, and Phenomenology

This paper explores the relationship between empirical psychology, transcendental critique, and phenomenology in Kant’s discussion of respect for the moral law, particularly as that is found in the Critique of Practical Reason. I first offer an empirical-psychological reading of moral respect, in the context of which I distinguish transcendental and empirical perspectives on moral action and defend H. J. Paton’s claim that moral motivation can be seen from two points of view, where “from one point of view, [respect] is the cause of our action, but from another point of view the moral law is its ground.” Then, after a discussion of a distinction between first- and second-order transcendental/practical perspectives where reasons for action are first-order practical judgments while the conditions of possibility for those reasons’ authority are expressed in second-order judgments, I turn to a third kind of perspective: the properly phenomenological one. I explain the general notion of Kantian phenomenology with an example of the experience of time from Kant’s Anthropology before applying this to a phenomenological reading of the discussion of respect in the Critique of Practical Reason. I end by noting that on my account, in contrast to that of Jeanine Grenberg, the distinctive phenomenology of respect is not systematically important for grounding claims in moral philosophy.
Steady-state conversion of methane to C4+ aliphatic products in high yields using an integrated recycle reactor system

Conversion of methane in high yields to C4+ nonaromatic hydrocarbons was demonstrated in a recycle system. The principal components of the recycle system included an oxidative coupling reactor with a Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst at 800°C for conversion of methane to ethylene, and a reactor with an H-ZSM-5 zeolite at 275°C for subsequent conversion of ethylene to higher hydrocarbons. Total yields of C4+ products were in the range of 60–80%, and yields of C4+ nonaromatic hydrocarbons were in the range of 50–60%.
Aspects of ecology and biogeography of Acanthocephala in antarctic seabirds

Four species of acanthocephalans are reported from seabirds, nototheniid fishes and gammaridean amphipods in the western Antarctic. Corynosoma hamanni (von Linstow, 1892) was found in Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Chionis alba (Gmelin), Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, and Catharacta lonnbergi (Mathews). The complete life cycle of this acanthocephalan was elucidated : cysticanths develop in the haemocoel of a gammaridean amphipod, Pontogeneiella sp. of the family Eusiridae and presumably, following ingestion of parasitized amphipods, encyst in the body cavity of antarctic fishes of several species. Corynosoma singularis Skriabin and Nikol’skii, 1971 was found only in P. atriceps. Corynosoma bullosum (von Linstow, 1892) occurred in both P. atriceps and Pygoscelis papua (Forster). Neither of these species of Corynosoma had previously been reported from avian hosts. Corynosoma shackletoni Zdzitowiecki, 1978 was recorded only as a parasite of P. papua. The first known gravid females of this species were found during this study, indicating that C. shackletoni is a typical parasite of avian, rather than mammalian, final hosts. It is the first acanthocephalan known to typically occur in an avian definitive host in Antarctica. The host-distribution of Corynosoma spp. in birds suggested that these parasites were being acquired from piscine or possibly amphipod prey, generally in nearshore situations. Seabirds representing the zooplanktivore feeding guild were not infected. This indicates that pelagic food-webs, and other trophic pathways in which Euphausia superba Dana is a dominant prey organism, are probably not involved in the life cycles of Corynosoma spp. The host and geographic distributions of Corynosoma in piscine, avian, and mammalian hosts suggested that oceanographic factors, particularly the Antartic Convergence, could limit the ranges for some species of parasites. Host-parasite coevolution appears to have had an important influence on the species composition of the acanthocephalan fauna of seabirds and marine mammals in Antarctica.
Vehicle emissions of short-lived and long-lived climate forcers: trends and tradeoffs

Evaluating technology options to mitigate the climate impacts of road transportation can be challenging, particularly when they involve a tradeoff between long-lived emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide) and short-lived emissions (e.g., methane or black carbon). Here we present trends in short- and long-lived emissions for light- and heavy-duty transport globally and in the U.S., EU, and China over the period 2000–2030, and we discuss past and future changes to vehicle technologies to reduce these emissions. We model the tradeoffs between short- and long-lived emission reductions across a range of technology options, life cycle emission intensities, and equivalency metrics. While short-lived vehicle emissions have decreased globally over the past two decades, significant reductions in CO2 will be required by mid-century to meet climate change mitigation targets. This is true regardless of the time horizon used to compare long- and short-lived emissions. The short-lived emission intensities of some low-CO2 technologies are higher than others, and thus their suitability for meeting climate targets depends sensitively on the evaluation time horizon. Other technologies offer low intensities of both short-lived emissions and CO2.
Citizens' Use of Microblogging During Emergency: A Case Study on Water Contamination in Shanghai

Microblogging has been increasingly used by governments and citizens in emergency response. This paper aims to explore how citizens use microblogging to participate in emergency situations. By analyzing microblog data during the 2013 Water Contamination Emergency in Shanghai, this paper shows that citizens used microblogging platforms as a bottom-up channel to communicate with government agencies. Four different ways to use microblogging have been identified. Findings reveal that citizens turned it into a social sensor for governments to monitor and adjust their response actions. Citizens' subjective opinions and judgment reflected their focuses and concerns during the emergency, although they were sometimes inaccurate. Citizens used microblogging platforms to participate while they were still lack of capability and motivation to develop a collaborative network with government agencies. Government agencies still face great challenges to monitor online public participation and to effectively separate key information from noise more.
Managing Issues in Dialysis for the Patient with AKI

Acute RRT is used largely for supportive management of patients with severe AKI. Despite published clinical practice guidelines on RRT for AKI, no consensus exists on the optimal timing to initiate RRT, resulting in a wide variation in clinical practice. Similarly, no high-quality evidence exists
Vitamin C sensitizes melanoma to BET inhibitors

Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors (BETi) are promising cancer therapies, yet prominent side effects of BETi at effective doses have been reported in phase I clinical trials. Here, we screened a panel of small molecules targeting epigenetic modulators against human metastatic melanoma cells. Cells were pretreated with or without ascorbate (vitamin C), which promotes DNA demethylation and subsequently changes the sensitivity to drugs. Top hits were structurally unrelated BETi, including JQ1, I-BET151, CPI-203, and BI-2536. Ascorbate enhanced the efficacy of BETi by decreasing acetylation of histone H4, but not H3, while exerting no effect on the expression of BRD proteins. Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), which catalyzes H4K5ac and H4K12ac, was downregulated by ascorbate mainly via the TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation pathway. Loss of H4ac, especially H4K5ac and H4K12ac, disrupted the interaction between BRD4 and H4 by which ascorbate and BETi blocked the binding of BRD4 to acetylated histones. Cotreatment with ascorbate and JQ1 induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of cultured melanoma cells. Ascorbate deficiency as modeled in Gulo-/- mice diminished the treatment outcome of JQ1 for melanoma tumorgraft. In contrast, ascorbate supplementation lowered the effective dose of JQ1 needed to successfully inhibit melanoma tumors in mice. On the basis of our findings, future clinical trials with BETi should consider ascorbate levels in patients. Furthermore, ascorbate supplementation might help reduce the severe side effects that arise from BETi therapy by reducing the dosage necessary for treatment.Significance: This study shows that ascorbate can enhance the efficacy of BET inhibitors, providing a possible clinical solution to challenges arising in phase I trials from the dose-dependent side effects of this class of epigenetic therapy. Cancer Res; 78(2); 572-83. ©2017 AACR.
Coronary sinus thrombosis: Echocardiographic visualization in a patient with known risk factors

Coronary sinus thrombosis is a rare and often overlooked diagnosis that can have fatal consequences. We report a case of acute coronary sinus thrombosis in a patient with systolic heart failure who had undergone recent right-heart catheterization. The patient presented with recurrent presyncope, syncope, and shortness of breath. An echogenic focus consistent with a coronary sinus thrombus was visualized on transthoracic echocardiography that had not been seen previously on recent imaging. The patient was managed on oral anticoagulation. Awareness of patients at risk for coronary sinus thrombosis can lead to early detection via bedside echocardiography and early management.
Role of the cytochrome P-450/ epoxyeicosatrienoic acids pathway in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis.

Background Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening complication of advanced liver cirrhosis that is characterized by hemodynamic alterations in the kidney and other vascular beds. Cytochrome P(CYP)-450 enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. These eicosanoids regulate blood pressure, vascular tone and renal tubular sodium transport under both physiological and pathophysiological states. Methods Experiments were performed to investigate the role of the CYP system in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction during cirrhosis. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham surgery and were studied at 2, 4 and 5 weeks post-surgery. In additional experiments, post-BDL rats were treated with three daily intraperitoneal doses of either the selective epoxygenase inhibitor N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy)-benzenehexanamide (MSPPOH) or a vehicle, starting on Day 22 after surgery. Results BDL led to progressive renal dysfunction that was associated with reduced renal cortical perfusion but without any overt histologic changes, consistent with HRS. CYP isoform enzyme expression was significantly altered in BDL rats. In the kidney, CYP2C23 expression was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in BDL rats, while CYP2C11 was downregulated. Histologically, the changes in CYP2C23 and CYP2C11 expression were localized to the renal tubules. EET production was increased in the kidneys of BDL rats as assessed by urinary eicosanoid levels. Finally, treatment with the selective epoxygenase inhibitor MSPPOH significantly reduced renal function and renal cortical perfusion in BDL rats, suggesting a homeostatic role for epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Conclusions The CYP/EET pathway might represent a novel therapeutic target for modulating renal dysfunction in advanced cirrhosis.
Polysilicon resistor stability under voltage stress for safe-operating area characterization

High resistance polysilicon resistors have been characterized by DC and pulsed I-V sweep measurements, resistance vs. temperature, and DC and pulsed voltage stress/measurement cycling. The combination of these measurements along with resistor linearity and electro-migration rules are used to determine the maximum safe-operating area. It is shown that the resistance shifts at high current conditions cannot be explained by electromigration alone, and are instead attributed to migration of dopants, Si, or hydrogen, either singly or in combination, both due to high self-heating. The results are used to create voltage and current checks within SPICE models allowing for robust design at maximum operating conditions. IR-OBIRCH physical analysis was performed and shows asymmetric changes to the resistor head regions.
Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Healthy Middle-Aged Women

P02 Background Inflammation may play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied whether plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), are related to the development of type 2 diabetes in women. Methods We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study among a cohort of middle-aged female health professionals free of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer to assess the risk of incident type 2 diabetes over a four-year period associated with baseline levels of IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). A diagnostic threshold of 6.5% for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was used to exclude prevalent undiagnosed diabetes. Results Baseline levels of IL-6 (P
Elder abuse and neglect: the experience, knowledge, and attitudes of primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Two million elderly Americans are abused or neglected each year. Elderly patients visit their physicians approximately five times each year. Yet physicians initiate only about 2% of the reported cases of abuse and neglect. This study's purpose was to assess the experience, knowledge, and attitudes of primary care physicians toward elder mistreatment. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 500 primary care physicians. The population included 250 family physicians and 250 general internists in Ohio, divided equally between large urban, suburban, and rural practice settings. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 78%, with 216 family physicians and 176 internists responding. Nearly 72% of those responding reported no exposure or only minimal exposure to the physical, emotional, or sexual abuse of the elderly. More than half of the respondents in both groups reported that they had never identified a case of elder mistreatment. Both family physicians and general internists estimated its prevalence as roughly less than 25% of the prevalence documented in the medical literature, and both were reluctant to accept the problem as universal. More than 60% of clinicians in both groups indicated they had never asked their elderly patients about abuse. Family physicians tended to have a better knowledge of those elements encompassing elder mistreatment and were more aware of management options. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians need more education about elder mistreatment. Language: en
When Is the Client Not Right? Performance Implications of Client-Led Diversification

I examine the performance of diversification driven by embedded client ties, a phenomenon I label ""client-led diversification."" In contrast to existing models of diversification that focus on sup...
The Political Economy in Forest Policy-Making: Economic Efficiency and Beyond

The development of political economy and studies of political economy in forest policy -making are reviewed and a case study of U.S. policy-making in restricting Canadian softwood lumber imports is presented. The analysis presented demonstrates that interest group politics and political contributions have worked in the U.S. political and institutional settings and that the results are an inefficient forest products trade policy. The implications are that policy-making does not exist in isolation of political and social structure , and that the outcomes of theoretical economic models are greatly influenced by these structures. Forest economists and forest managers can better explain, anticipate, and predict the outcomes of various forest policy developments with a better understanding of political economy.
Antibiotic identification, use, and self-medication for respiratory illnesses among urban Latinos.

Antibiotic resistance is a recognized and emerging public health threat. Among other factors, it is known that inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistance (Dagan et al., 2008; Friedman & Whitney, 2008; Goossens, Ferech, Vander Stichele & Elseviers, 2005; Larson, 2007). Educational campaigns have been directed at both patients and clinicians in order to improve antibiotic utilization. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) “Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work” campaign has aimed to increase patient awareness of appropriate antibiotic use. Specifically, this campaign reinforces not taking antibiotics for viral infections in order to decrease patient demand and encourages patients to use antibiotics appropriately (not skipping doses, not saving antibiotics, and not taking antibiotics prescribed for someone else (CDC – get smart). The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which antibiotics and nonantibiotics commonly used for upper respiratory infections (URIs) were correctly recognized by a sample of urban-dwelling Latinas and to determine if correct classification by respondents was associated with antibiotic use within the household or self-medication with antibiotics. Self-medication was defined as obtaining an antibiotic from any source other than a prescription from a healthcare provider.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Natural Disasters and Technological Accidents

It is almost impossible to listen to a news broadcast or to pick up a newspaper without learning of yet another catastrophic event. As modern society becomes increasingly technologically based, it can be anticipated that the frequency of disasters will grow, and the types of disasters that occur will change. Disaster events of ages past were primarily natural occurrences, such as floods, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes. Recent science has provided us with new potential disaster agents, such as nuclear power plants, jumbo jets, and toxic substances. For an excellent historic overview, the reader is directed to a comprehensive discussion in (1986).
The fast block to polyspermy: New insight into a century-old problem.

One of the central questions about fertilization is how only one sperm fertilizes each egg. For most species, the formation of a mechanical barrier is a key component. However, because this process takes time, some species use a fast electrically mediated block to protect the egg in the intervening
Abstract B25: Hormone receptor expression and response in ovarian tumors of low malignant potential

Objective: Primary treatment for ovarian low malignant potential (LMP) tumors is surgical resection with little proven effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy. New therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent and treat recurrence. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of hormone receptors in ovarian low malignant potential tumors. Methods: We obtained formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from patients with ovarian LMP tumors. Clinicopathologic data were collected for all available specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine protein expression. Gene expression was measured using the NanoString nCounter platform. Differences in expression between histologic subtypes were by t-test, followed by a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons (p Results: Thirty-eight patients were included in this study. The histologic subtypes were divided between 20 serous and 18 mucinous tumors. All serous tumors were ERα and PR positive by IHC and 6 of 20 (30%) were ERβ positive. Only one of the 18 mucinous tumors (5.6%) was positive for both ERα and PR, and all the samples were negative for ERβ. ERβ mRNA levels were elevated in the mucinous LMP tumors and ERα mRNA was higher in the serous samples. ERα and PR protein expression correlated with mRNA expression of ESR1 (r2=0.5606) and PR (r2=0.42), respectively. ERβ expression did not correlate with mRNA expression of ESR2 (r2=0.038). Measurement of estrogen-regulated genes and genes involved in ER signaling (n=236) revealed a clear separation of serous from mucinous subtypes, with 44 genes showing a statistically significant difference (p Conclusion: High levels of ERα, PR, and downstream ERα targets in serous LMP tumors suggest hormone responsiveness and that these tumors are potentially treatable with endocrine therapy. Mucinous tumors largely did not express hormone receptors. In light of this, differences in gene expression observed are more likely attributable to underlying lineage differences than differences in estrogen signaling. Additional large-scale analyses are warranted to better understand the differences between subtypes and to identify avenues for targeted therapy in mucinous LMPs. Citation Format: Sarah E. Taylor, Courtney L. Andersen, Rohit Bhargava, George Tseng, Steffi Oesterreich, Robert P. Edwards, Adrian V. Lee. Hormone receptor expression and response in ovarian tumors of low malignant potential. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
The Assessment Of Invention Novelty And The Failure Of Inventors To Reveal Relevant Prior Art

Because the assessment of invention novelty is critical to economic and firm performance, we explore when it is that inventors fail reveal prior art related to their inventions when pursuing patent...
Minimum control effort–based path planning and nonlinear guidance for autonomous mobile robots:

This article puts forth a framework using model-based techniques for path planning and guidance for an autonomous mobile robot in a constrained environment. The path plan is synthesized using a num...
Boccaccio’s Demogorgon and Renaissance Platonism

The shadowy deity Demogorgon, whom Giovanni Boccaccio identifies as the uncreated progenitor of the pagan pantheon, enjoyed an illustrious literary afterlife. The information about Demogorgon that ...