cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sociality, ecology, and relative brain size in lemurs

The social brain hypothesis proposes that haplorhine primates have evolved relatively large brains for their body size primarily as an adaptation for living in complex social groups. Studies that support this hypothesis have shown a strong relationship between relative brain size and group size in these taxa. Recent reports suggest that this pattern is unique to haplorhine primates; many nonprimate taxa do not show a relationship between group size and relative brain size. Rather, pairbonded social monogamy appears to be a better predictor of a large relative brain size in many nonprimate taxa. It has been suggested that haplorhine primates may have expanded the pairbonded relationship beyond simple dyads towards the evolution of complex social groups. We examined the relationship between group size, pairbonding, and relative brain size in a sample of 19 lemurs; strepsirrhine primates that last share a common ancestor with monkeys and apes approximately 75 Ma. First, we evaluated the social brain hypothesis, which predicts that species with larger social groups will have relatively larger brains. Secondly, we tested the pairbonded hypothesis, which predicts that species with a pairbonded social organization will have relatively larger brains than non-pairbonded species. We found no relationship between group size or pairbonding and relative brain size in lemurs. We conducted two further analyses to test for possible relationships between two nonsocial variables, activity pattern and diet, and relative brain size. Both diet and activity pattern are significantly associated with relative brain size in our sample. Specifically, frugivorous species have relatively larger brains than folivorous species, and cathemeral species have relatively larger brains than diurnal, but not nocturnal species. These findings highlight meaningful differences between Malagasy strepsirrhines and haplorhines, and between Malagasy strepsirrhines and nonprimate taxa, regarding the social and ecological factors associated with increases in relative brain size. The results suggest that factors such as foraging complexity and flexibility of activity patterns may have driven selection for increases in brain size in lemurs.
Beyond Species Richness: Community Similarity as a Measure of Cross-Taxon Congruence for Coarse-Filter Conservation

The use of a surrogate taxon in conservation planning has become questionable because recent evidence suggests that the correlation of species richness between pairs of taxa is highly variable both taxo- nomically and geographically. Species richness is only one measure of species diversity, however, and recent studies suggest that investigations of cross-taxon congruence should consider a broader range of assessment techniques. The cross-taxon congruence of community similarity between sites among taxa has rarely been examined and may be the most relevant measure of species diversity in the context of coarse-filter conservation strategies. We examined cross-taxon congruence patterns of species richness and community similarity (Bray- Curtis similarity) among birds, butterflies, and vascular plants in montane meadow habitats in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Although patterns of species richness (Spearman rank correlation) varied between taxa, we consistently found a positive correlation in community similarity (Mantel test) between all pair-wise comparisons of the three taxa (e.g., sites with similar bird communities also had similar butterfly communi- ties). We suggest that the success of a surrogate taxon depends on the technique used to assess surrogacy and the specific approach to conservation planning. In the context of coarse-filter conservation, measures of com- munity similarity may be more appropriate than measures of species richness. Furthermore, the cross-taxon congruency of community similarity in our study suggests that coarse-filter conservation may be tenable in montane meadow communities.
An improved method for incorporating magnetic saturation in the q-d synchronous machine model

An improved technique for incorporating saturation into the q-d axis model (Park's model) of a synchronous machine is proposed. By choosing magnetizing flux linkage as a state variable, iterative procedures required by traditional methods are avoided. The saturation function is represented by an arctangent function which has some distinct advantages over polynomial representations and look-up tables. In particular, the parameters of the proposed function all have physical significance and the proposed function is defined over an infinite range of flux linkage. The model is verified for steady-state and transient conditions using a laboratory synchronous machine-rectifier system similar to those commonly used for naval and aerospace power generation.
Risk adjustment for surgical site infection after median sternotomy in children.

objective. To determine whether the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System risk index adequately stratified a population of pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery according to the risk of developing surgical site infection (SSI). design. A retrospective, case-control study. setting. An urban tertiary care children’s hospital. patients. Patients who had a median sternotomy performed between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2003, were eligible for inclusion in the study. For all case patients, medical records were reviewed to verify that all patients met the case definition for SSI. Control subjects were chosen randomly from among all patients who underwent median sternotomy during the study period who did not develop SSI. results. Thirty-eight patients with SSI and 172 patients without SSI were included. One hundred six patients (50%) were male. The median patient age was 4 months. The sensitivity of the NNIS risk index with cutoff scores of 0 to 1 and 2 to 3 was 20%. The distribution of patients with SSI for an NNIS risk index score of 0 was 0%; for a score of 1, 80%; for a score of 2, 20%; and for a score of 3, 0%. The distribution of patients without SSI for a scores of 0 was 4%; for a score of 1, 87%; for a score of 2, 9%; and for a score of 3, 0%. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the original NNIS risk index was 0.57. The modified risk indices did not perform significantly better, with an AUC range of 0.58 to 0.73. conclusions. The NNIS risk index did not adequately stratify pediatric patients undergoing median sternotomy according to their risk of developing an SSI. Various modifications to the risk index yielded only slightly higher AUC values. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:398-405
Superconformal transformations and six-dimensional spacetime☆

We study the superconformal transformation properties of the restricted superspace geometries appropriate for supergravity in D = 4 and 6 spacetimes. The lower dimensional theory suggests an ansatz which is utilized for D = 6. As a result of the study in D = 6, we discuss modifications of the usual Wess-Zumino constraints for a six-dimensional, Poincare supergravity theory.
Differential expression of VEGF isoforms and VEGF164‐specific receptor neuropilin‐1 in the mouse uterus suggests a role for VEGF164 in vascular permeability and angiogenesis during implantation

The mechanism(s) by which localized vascular permeability and angiogenesis occur at the sites of implantation is not clearly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of vasculogenesis during embryogenesis and angiogenesis in adult tissues. VEGF is also a vascular permeability factor. VEGF acts via two tyrosine kinase family receptors: VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). Recent evidence suggests that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a receptor involved in neuronal cell guidance, is expressed in endothelial cells, binds to VEGF(165) and enhances the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR2. We examined the spatiotemporal expression of vegf isoforms, nrp1 and vegfr2 as well as their interactions in the periimplantation mouse uterus. We observed that vegf(164) is the predominant isoform in the mouse uterus. vegf(164) mRNA accumulation primarily occurred in epithelial cells on days 1 and 2 of pregnancy. On days 3 and 4, the subepithelial stroma in addition to epithelial cells exhibited accumulation of this mRNA. After the initial attachment reaction on day 5, luminal epithelial and stromal cells immediately surrounding the blastocyst exhibited distinct accumulation of vegf(164) mRNA. On days 6-8, the accumulation of this mRNA occurred in both mesometrial and antimesometrial decidual cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164) is available in mediating vascular changes and angiogenesis in the uterus during implantation and decidualization. This is consistent with coordinate expression of vegfr2, and nrp1, a VEGF(164)-specific receptor, in uterine endothelial cells. Their expression was low during the first 2 days of pregnancy followed by increases thereafter. With the initiation and progression of implantation (days 5-8), these genes were distinctly expressed in endothelial cells of the decidualizing stroma. Expression was more intense on days 6-8 at the mesometrial pole, the presumptive site of heightened angiogenesis and placentation. However, the expression was absent in the avascular primary decidual zone immediately surrounding the implanting embryo. Crosslinking experiments showed that (125)I-VEGF(165) binds to both NRP1 and VEGFR2 present in decidual endothelial cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164), NRP1 and VEGFR2 play a role in VEGF-induced vascular permeability and angiogenesis in the uterus required for implantation. genesis 26:213-224, 2000.
Addictions Treatment in Groups: A Review of Therapeutic Factors

This article outlines factors within the group therapy environment that operate during the stages of recovery suggested by Prochaska and DiClemente. The degree of denial lowering during the contemplation stage will vary with the degree to which therapist empathy and positive regard, group acceptance, identification with other group members, self-disclosure, caring group members, and task-oriented group members are present in the group. These factors will also interact with and facilitate group cognitive-behavioral interventions during the action and maintenance stages of recovery.
The Electronic Medical Record: Promises and Problems

Despite the growth of computer technology in medicine, most medical encounters are still documented on paper medical records. The electronic medical record has numerous documented benefits, yet its use is still sparse. This article describes the state of electronic medical records, their advantage over existing paper records, the problems impeding their implementation, and concerns over their security and confidentiality. As noted in the introduction to this issue, the provision of medical care is an information-intensive activity. Yet in an era when most commercial transactions are automated for reasons of efficiency and accuracy, it is somewhat ironic that most recording of medical events is still done on paper. Despite a wealth of evidence that the electronic medical record (EMR) can save time and cost as well as lead to improved clinical outcomes and data security, most patient-related information is still recorded manually. This article describes efforts to computerize the medical record. Purpose of the Medical Record The major goal of the medical record is to serve as a repository of the clinician’s observations and analysis of the patient. Any clinician’s recorded interactions with a patient usually begin with the history and physical examination. The history typically contains the patient’s chief complaint (i.e., chest pain, skin rash), history of the present illness (other pertinent symptoms related to the chief complaint), past medical history, social history, family history, and review of systems (other symptoms unrelated to the present illness). The physical examination contains an inventory of physical findings, such as abdominal tenderness or an enlarged lymph node. The history and physical are usually followed by an assessment which usually adheres to the problem-oriented approach advocated by Weed ( 1969), with each problem analyzed and given a plan for diagnosis and/or treatment. Subsequent records by the clinician are usually in
Reforming Preschool to Ready Children for Academic Achievement: A Case Study of the Impact of Pre-K Reform on the Issue of School Readiness

Research Findings: Policymakers preschool reforms that are to prepare young children for school success have sparked important conversations within the field of early childhood education over how these programs are to ready young children for school. This article presents findings from a case study that examined this issue of school readiness across a collection of pre-k programs. Doing so illustrates how preschool reforms can impact early childhood stakeholders' understanding of school readiness, what it is they do with their students in their programs, and why. Practice or Policy: These findings demonstrate how policymakers' pre-k reforms can tighten the link between preschool and elementary school in a way that prioritizes the goals of K-12 education systems. They also suggest that for those who want to expand the construct of school readiness they should do so in a way that addresses and recognizes the challenges pre-k stakeholders in local contexts face on a day-to-day basis. For policymakers, there ...
Radiation-enhanced evaporation of ethanol fuel containing suspended metal nanoparticles

Although the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids has attracted much attention, their radiative properties have rarely been studied. The present paper quantitatively determined the radiative properties of various nanofluid fuels and their effects on droplet evaporation. The results show that radiation absorption can be significantly enhanced by adding a small amount of nanoparticles such as Al to the base fluid ethanol. The strong absorption of radiation energy by nanoparticles increases the nanofluid droplet temperatures and enhances droplet evaporation rate.
Analysis of Air Cathode Perfomance for Lithium-Air Batteries

Author(s): Wang, Y; Cho, SC | Abstract: Lithium-air (Li-air) batteries have a theoretical specific energy comparable to gasolines. The air cathode plays a critical role in battery operation, where oxygen reacts with Li ions and electrons; and discharge products are stored in the pore structure. In major non-aqueous electrolytes, discharge products are insoluble and extremely low in electric conductivity, causing electrode passiviation and raising transport polarization. As discharging proceeds, insoluble materials are deposited at the reaction site and accumulate, increasing voltage loss and eventually shutting down operation. In this work, we present analysis of air cathode performance, taking into account both electrode passivation and transport resistance raised by insoluble products. Both effects are theoretically evaluated and compared. Validation is carried out against experimental data under low currents. The effects of electrode pore structure, such as porosity and tortuosity, on both the influence of insoluble precipitates and discharge capability are investigated. © 2013, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on North Pacific climate variability

(1) In this paper, we found that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can contribute to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), especially the component of the PDO that is linearly independent of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), i.e. the North Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation (NPMO), and the associated Pacific/North America (PNA) pattern. Using a hybrid version of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model, we show that the AMO provides a source of multidecadal variability to the North Pacific, and needs to be considered along with other forcings for North Pacific climate change. The lagged North Pacific response to the North Atlantic forcing is through atmospheric teleconnections and reinforced by oceanic dynamics and positive air-sea feedback over the North Pacific. The results indicate that a North Pacific regime shift, opposite to the 1976-77 shift, might occur now a decade after the switch of the observed AMO to a positive phase around 1995. Citation: Zhang, R., and T. L. Delworth (2007), Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on North Pacific climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23708,
Efficacy Studies of Influenza Vaccines: Effect of End Points Used and Characteristics of Vaccine Failures

Background. End points used to detect influenza in vaccine efficacy trials have varied. Both the inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines are efficacious; however, failure to protect occurs. Methods. We compared characteristics of influenza A (H3N2) and B cases from 3 years of a comparative placebo-controlled trial of inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, and we evaluated the laboratory end points used to determine efficacy. Results. Althoughillnessdurationandreportedsymptomsdidnotdifferbyintervention,subjects with influenza in the inactivated vaccine group were less likely than those in the placebo group to report medically attended illnesses. All influenza type A (H3N2) and B cases isolated in cell culture were also identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). However, only 69% of type A (H3N2) cases identified by rtPCR also were isolated in cell culture. Isolation frequency was lowest among live attenuated vaccine failures, a reflection of lower specimen viral loads. Among cases of rtPCR identified influenza A (H3N2), 90% of placebo and 87% of live attenuated vaccine recipients but only 23% of inactivated vaccine recipients demonstrated serologic confirmation of infection. Conclusions. In influenza vaccine efficacy studies, virus identification using rtPCR is the ideal end point. Isolation in cell culture will miss cases, and a serologic end point alone will overestimate inactivated vaccine efficacy.
Flow control in resin transfer molding with switching and feedback strategies

Two recent advances in controlling flow progression in resin transfer molding (RTM) are the sequential logic control and the optimal feedback control. Both the methods have powerful features as well as limitations, and they complement each other very well. In this paper we propose an integrated control scheme combining both of them. Simulation results show that the control authority of the system is considerably expanded by the combination of the two. The integrated switching and feedback controller gives excellent performance of mold filling even in the presence of wide variations of the preform properties.
A plasmaspheric mass density model and constraints on its heavy ion concentration

[1] The first empirical model of the equatorial mass density of the plasmasphere is constructed using ground-based ULF wave diagnostics. Plasmaspheric mass density between L = 1.7 and L = 3.2 has been determined using over 5200 hours of data from pairs of stations in the MEASURE array of ground magnetometers. The least squares fit to the data as a function of L shows that mass density falls logarithmically with L. Average ion mass as a function of L is also estimated by combining the mass density model with plasmaspheric electron density profiles determined from the IMAGE Radio Plasma Imager (RPI). Additionally, we use the RPI electron density database to examine how the average ion mass changes under different levels of geomagnetic activity. We find that average ion mass is greatest under the most disturbed conditions. This result indicates that heavy ion concentrations (percent by number) are enhanced during large geomagnetic disturbances. We also find that the average ion mass increases with increasing L (below L = 3.2), indicating the presence of a heavy ion torus during disturbed times. Heavy ions must play an important role in storm-time plasmaspheric dynamics. The average ion mass is also used to constrain the concentrations of He+ and O+. Estimates of the He+ concentration determined this way may be useful for interpreting IMAGE Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUV) images.
Advances and challenges in hemophilic arthropathy

Hemophilic arthropathy is a form of joint disease that develops secondary to joint bleeding and presents with synovial hypertrophy, cartilage and bony destruction. The arthropathy can develop despite clotting factor replacement and is especially disabling in the aging population. Pathobiological tissue changes are triggered by release of hemoglobin and iron deposition in the joint, but the sequence of events and the molecular mechanisms resulting in joint deterioration are incompletely understood. Treatment options other than clotting factor replacement are limited. Improvements in the treatment of hemophilia necessitate a better understanding of the processes that lead to this disabling condition and better diagnostic tools. Towards that end, studies of the molecular mechanisms leading to the arthropathy, as well as the development of sensitive imaging techniques and biomarkers are needed. These will pave the way to identify the cause of acute pain such as joint bleeding or synovitis, detect early, potentially reversible structural changes, and predict progression of disease. This review describes current imaging techniques and the development of high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound with power Doppler to afford point-of-care diagnosis and management, the potential utility of diagnostic biomarkers, and summarizes our current knowledge of the pathobiology of hemophilic arthropathy.
A Simple Method for Specific Depletion of Lymphocytes from Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The treatment of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with rabbit anti-bovine immunoglobulin, goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (GAR) and complement resulted in the specific lysis of all surface immunoglobulin (SIg) bearing B lymphocytes. No SIg lymphocytes were detected after 12 hours of culture following lytic treatment, whereas cells treated with antibody without complement readily stained for SIg. The percentage of cells forming E-rosettes or binding peanut agglutinin (PNA) increased following lysis. The percentage of latex-ingesting monocytes also increased after lysis even though many of these cells had cytophilic Ig. B lymphocyte-depleted (T cell-enriched) populations cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were never less reactive than unseparated cells. No differences in background mitosis was observed for these 2 cell preparations. These results suggest that bovine SIg− cells do not require B lymphocytes to respond to PHA and Con A and that lysis of B lymphocytes doe...
US consumption and supplies of sulphur hexafluoride reported under the greenhouse gas reporting program

AbstractUnder the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) receives reports of production, imports and exports of SF6 in bulk and inside of electrical equipment. EPA also receives reports of SF6 emissions, consumption and/or related parameters from users of SF6, including manufacturers and users of electrical transmission and distribution equipment, semiconductor manufacturers, and magnesium producers and processers. Based on these reports, EPA estimates the consumption of SF6 by each industry, including facilities that do not report to the GHGRP. In this paper, we compare the consumption estimated based on reports from SF6 suppliers (producers, importers and exporters) to the consumption estimated based on reports from SF6 users, discussing differences and possible reasons for them. We find that in the one year studied, 2012, consumption based on reports from users accounted for 59% of the consumption based on reports from suppliers. We conclude that the unce...
Corking Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles

Nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes during chemical vapor deposition synthesis can create unique stacked cup-shaped structures termed as nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs). These cups have semielliptical hollow cavities and elevated reactivity which could lead to various applications. In this work, by applying intense ultrasonication to the as-synthesized NCNCs, we demonstrated an effective mechanical method to isolate the individual cups with opened cavities from their stacks. The graphitic structures of the isolated cups and their inherent nitrogen functionalities were characterized by comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic methods. In particular, we quantitatively determined the existence of amine functionalities on NCNCs and found that they were preferentially distributed at the open edges of the cups, providing localized reactive sites. Further, by thiolating the amine groups with 3-mercapto-propionic acid, we were able to effectively cork the isolated cups by gold nanoparticles with co...
Determining the Information Needs of Puget Sound Boaters

Puget Sound is known for its highly variable weather and ocean currents. Trip planning for this challenging environment is critical for boating safety. We conducted a survey of the Puget Sound boating community to determine their information needs. We used a web-based questionnaire supplemented with face-to-face surveys. We received 610 responses. The respondents represented a wide range of the boating community. The boaters' most important environmental need was for daily weather forecasts and their most desired forecast parameters were wind speed, currents, and wave height. Respondents also commented on their frustration with accessing the needed information. Analysis of this survey and guidance from an advisory panel are being used to develop a usercentered designed (UCD) web portal, the Boater Information System (BIS) that will attempt to improve the situation awareness (SA) for a diverse user group.
The technology of the tamping-expanding pile and its application

Tamping-expanding pile overcomes some shortcomings of east-in-placepile, such as lower bearing capacity, difficulty of pile bodily quality and so on. It has better applicability in such areas as the buried depth of holding layer is smaller than 20 meter, furthermore it may greatly improve the bearing capacity of single-pile.
Space Charge Characteristics of Oil Immersed Paper Under Moisture and Temperature Effect

Accumulation of space charge in oil-paper insulation system is closely related to oil-paper insulating properties,which can lead to distortion of the internal electric field distribution,and play a role in weakening or strengthening the nearby electric field.Severe electric field distortion will cause the breakdown and accelerating aging of insulating material,and will impair the reliability and security of the insulation system directly.Moisture and temperature are considered to be the most important factors which will decrease the oil-paper insulation dielectric strength and insulation life.We employed the pulsed electro-acoustic(PEA) method to study injection,migration,accumulation,and dissipation characteristics of space charge in oil-paper insulation system under the combination influence of temperature and moisture,and further analyzed the behaviors of space charge accumulation and sample breakdown in oil-immersed insulating paper under the combined effects of moisture and temperature.Results show that,the higher the moisture content and the temperature of the oil-paper sample are,the higher the mobility of the trapped charges in the sample,and the more obvious the positive charge injection and negative charge injection were observed,and the faster the dissipation of the space charge accumulated in the sample after voltage is removed.In the samples without breakdown,the amount of the slow moving charge reduces as the moisture and temperature rise.In the samples with breakdown,only very small amounts of negative charge accumulate before breakdown.
Sleep and quality of well-being.

Background It is commonly believed that sleep duration in the population has been declining gradually. Whereas sleep restriction in the laboratory induces sleepiness and mood disturbances, it is not certain whether a short sleep duration impairs the quality of everyday life. Methods Using population-based data, we explored whether greater habitual sleep duration is a predictor of better health-related quality of life, measured by the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale. The relationships between QWB and several potential correlates were examined in a stepwise linear regression analysis. Results Neither subjective nor actigraphic sleep duration were associated with QWB. Greater quality of well-being was associated with greater sleep satisfaction, younger age, less obesity, non-Hispanic White ethnicity, and greater experienced illumination. Conclusion These data suggest that increasing sleep duration may not directly improve quality of life, despite evidence that curtailment of nocturnal sleep is associated with fatigue.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin-Derived Hydroporphyrins and Pyrrole-Modified Porphyrins

A large set of free-base and transition-metal 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-substituted chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and isobacteriochlorins and their pyrrole-modified analogues were investigated by combined UV–visible spectroscopy, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), density functional theory (DFT), and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approaches and their spectral characteristics were compared to those of the parent compounds, free-base tetraphenylporphyrin 1H2 and chlorin 2H2. It was shown that the nature of the pyrroline substituents in the chlorin derivatives dictates their specific UV–vis and MCD spectroscopic signatures. In all hydroporphyrin-like cases, MCD spectroscopy suggests that the ΔHOMO is smaller than the ΔLUMO for the macrocycle-centered frontier molecular orbitals. DFT and TDDFT calculations were able to explain the large broadening of the UV–vis and MCD spectra of the chlorin diones and their derivatives compared to the other hydroporphyrins and hydroporphyrin analogues. This study contributes to the ...
Mobility-aware real-time scheduling for low-power wireless networks

In this paper we consider the problem of supporting real-time communication in mobile networks. To address this challenge, we propose novel transmission scheduling techniques that handle the routing uncertainty introduced by mobility. The core of the scheduling techniques involves controlling the order in which transmissions are scheduled and intelligently scheduling multiple transmissions in a single entry of the scheduling matrix without conflict. Flow-Ordered Mobility-Aware Real-time Scheduling (FO-MARS) integrates these techniques to provide a 14x increase in real-time capacity compared to the baseline algorithms designed for static real-time networks. Additionally, we propose Additive Mobility-Aware Real-time Scheduling (A-MARS), which can handle network dynamics such as the addition or removal of flows without having to reschedule previously admitted flows. As a result, A-MARS achieves significantly lower admission latency than that of the baselines.
Seeking the Divine, Divining the Seekers: The Status of Outsiders Who Seek Yahweh in Ezra 6:21

This article argues, pace Thiessen, that the boundaries of restored Israel in Ezra 1–6 are porous: the texts that establish the community's exclusivism do so only provisionally, in place of a working temple cult. This is shown especially in Ezra 2:61–63, where priests who cannot find written proof of their ancestry must wait for Urim and Thummim. Thus, during the Passover in Ezra 6:19–21, the cult (rather than written documents) ultimately establishes boundaries, permitting the inclusion of outsiders.
PTSD symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters

Research into the causes and prevention of suicide has been deemed a national priority, with a recent focus on sectors of the workforce, such as firefighters, who experience occupational hazards that may confer risk for suicide. Elevated levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), which show robust relationships with both suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts, are common among firefighters. However, no study to date has investigated the relationship between PTSS and suicidality among firefighters. The current study therefore aimed to identify the degree to which PTSS were related were related to a history of SI and prior attempts in a national sample of firefighters (N = 893). Results revealed that greater PTSS were associated with greater risk of reporting lifetime SI and prior attempts, after controlling for other known risk factors for suicidality. Exploratory models investigating the unique contributions of individual PTSS clusters to suicidality found that numbing and re-experiencing PTSS were significantly related to SI, but only re-experiencing was related to prior attempts. The theoretical and clinical implications of these relationships, particularly among firefighters, are discussed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Understanding IR Spectra and the Distribution of Environments Around the Phosphopantetheine Arm of Acyl Carrier Proteins

Natural product biosynthesis in polyketide synthases (PKSs) and fatty acid synthases (FASs) is heavily reliant on both specificity and selectivity of protein-protein interactions. Interactions are mediated by the acyl carrier protein (ACP), which utilizes a 4′-phosphopantateine (Ppant) arm attached to a conserved serine residue to shuttle carbon intermediates between partner enzymes. Recent studies have shown that site-specific vibrational spectroscopy can identify the local environment of the arm through cyanylation of the terminal sulfur of the 4′Ppant arm and introduction of a unique SCN residue. We aim to use molecular dynamics simulations in GROMACS to simulate IR spectra from atom-level physical interactions and better elucidate the dynamics and structural distribution of the Ppant arm. A strong understanding of the behavior of the ACP's Ppant arm will provide both a reliable and generalizable method for confirming experimental IR data, and inform bioengineering efforts by further characterizing ACP's interactions with PKSs and FASs that give rise to complex natural products.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Effects of Layer Thickness and Chain Tilt on Tensile Deformation Mechanisms of Semicrystalline Polyethylene

We performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of layer thicknesses of both crystalline and noncrystalline domains and chain tilt within the crystalline lamellae on tensile deformation mechanisms of the lamellar stack model of semicrystalline polyethylene. For equal thicknesses of crystalline and noncrystalline regions, similar stress–strain profiles were obtained with two different initial orientations of the crystal stem relative to the tensile direction. Repeated melting/recrystallization transitions were observed, at the slower strain rate of 5 × 106 s–1, characterized by oscillating stress–strain profiles. With increasing thickness of the crystalline regions, these oscillations occurred less frequently. For systems with initially tilted chain stems in the crystalline domain, decreasing the thickness of the noncrystalline region increased the number of short bridge segments in the noncrystalline region connecting the two crystalline regions and induced significant shear stresse...
Empirische Studie zum interindustriellen Informationstransfer in der deutschen Automobil(zuliefer)industrie

Vor dem Hintergrund der modelltheoretischen Analysen aus den beiden vorangegangenen Kapiteln wird im weiteren Verlauf dieser Arbeit das interindustrielle Informationsverhalten von innovativen Betrieben zu ihren Abnehmern in der deutschen Automobilzulieferindustrie empirisch untersucht. Das Ziel der Untersuchung liegt in der Darstellung, Messung und Abschatzung des Phanomens technologischer Spillovers zwischen Betrieben, die auf funktional verbundenen Markten innerhalb des deutschen Automobilsektors agieren. Demnach hat die Studie sowohl explorativen als auch statistisch-okonometrischen Charakter.
“I Disagree”: An Exploration of Triggering Events, Messages, and Effectiveness of Athletes’ Dissent

Effective coaches must understand and manage athletes’ expressions of disagreement or dissatisfaction. The current study identified the triggering events that athletes reported as the impetus for t...
Early literacy research, 2006–2015: A decade of measured progress:

This review examines patterns found in early (preschool-grade 3) literacy research appearing in English-language publications during the period from 2006 through 2015. It focuses on studies related...
Infectious Propagules of Dermatophytes

Dermatophytosis is a mycotic infection that affects the superficial keratinized tissues (cornified epidermis, hair, horn, nail, and feathers) of humans and other animals. The disease is caused by a taxonomically related group of fungi, the dermatophytes. Currently, approximately 40 species of the dermatophytes have been identified and grouped into three genera—Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Of these, 11 species are implicated in human infections (Rippon, 1988).
Variation in Food Microbiological Tests Used to Evaluate Analyst Performance.

Procedures for evaluating analyst performance in state and federal milk and food laboratory quality assurance programs depend on the estimates of variation for the methods used. The total components of variance for a method consist of replicate error, among-analysts variance, and analyst-sample interaction components. Eleven methods were evaluated in this study. Total variance estimates of milk analytical procedures for the Standard Plate Count, plate loop count, coliform plate count, direct microscopic somatic cell count, electronic somatic cell count and Wisconsin mastitis test were 0.01045, 0.01371, 0.01590, 0.01265, 0.00504 and 4.06, respectively. Estimates of the logarithmic total variance of food analytical procedures for the aerobic plate count, coliform most probable number (MPN), Escherichia coli MPN, fecal coliform MPN and Staphylococcus aureus MPN were 0.00853, 0.10205, 0.14705, 0.14780 and 0.24245, respectively. The study showed that current analyst performance levels used by state and federal...
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Presenting with Area Postrema and Acute Brainstem Syndromes with Concomitant Myasthenia Gravis (P6.405)

Objective: To report a case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in a patient who presented with severe hiccoughs, nausea, and vomiting with an isolated MRI abnormality in the area postrema. The case is rare as the patient presented with concomitant onset of two autoimmune disorders, NMOSD and myasthenia gravis (MG). Background: NMOSD is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS, characteristically presenting with optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions. NMOSD lesions have a variable appearance and can mirror the periventricular distribution of AQP4, although isolated involvement of the brainstem is unusual. Design/Methods: We report a 64 year old female with a history of frontal meningioma resection who presented with subacute onset of intractable hiccoughs, severe nausea, and vomiting. Extensive GI workups including esophagram, gastric emptying study, CT of the abdomen, and GI endoscopy were unrevealing. The patient then developed ataxic gait, horizontal diplopia, ptosis, gaze evoked nystagmus and was referred for neurological evaluation. Results: Brain MRI two months after the symptom onset showed subtle FLAIR hyperintensity in the area postrema of the dorsal medulla, initially felt to be inconsequential. A repeat brain MRI three months later demonstrated progression of dorsal medullary signal abnormality, with differential diagnoses including NMOSD and Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Laboratory testing confirmed positive serum AQP4 antibody and normal Thiamine level. MRI of the brain, cervical and thoracic spine did not reveal additional NMOSD lesions. Interestingly, Acetylcholine receptor binding antibodies were positive, explaining her ocular symptoms. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of including NMOSD in differential considerations in patients with isolated abnormalities in the dorsal medulla who presented with hiccoughs and nausea. This unique case demonstrates evolving medullary pathology on MRI. This is first reported case where a patient presented with concomitant symptomatic onset of NMOSD and MG, supporting shared autoimmune dysfunction. Disclosure: Dr. Schachter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Du has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tang has nothing to disclose.
The Biology Olympiad as a Resource and Inspiration for Inquiry-Based Science Teaching

This chapter examines whether the environment of Science Olympiads and competition tasks produced within the Olympiad framework can provide opportunities for teacher preparation for inquiry science teaching, both in pre- and in-service training. The chapter describes the Biology Olympiad (BiO) concept and then briefly discusses the question of competition (as a complement to cooperation) in relation to inquiry-based learning. With the aim of preparing a professional development programme for teachers, which introduces inquiry teaching through the concept of Biology Olympiads, which is popular in the Czech education system, the chapter presents the findings of previous research. This research started with systematic investigation of current pre-service and in-service teachers’ expectations of and attitudes towards inquiry and the Biology Olympiad. The next part deals with secondary school students’ experiences and attitudes related to participation in the Biology Olympiad and evaluation of the tasks in the Biology Olympiad from the perspective of their learning. The final part of the research summarizes an analysis of the tasks in the Biology Olympiad and evaluates their possible transfer into use in everyday classroom teaching. In conclusion, the chapter summarizes the facilitative potential, which the broader integration of Biology Olympiad tasks can have for upscaling inquiry-based science education (IBSE) in school biology teaching.
Switching Between Metamodeling Frameworks for Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization

Evaluating computationally expensive objective and constraint functions is one of the main challenges faced when solving real-world optimization problems. For handling such problems, it is common to use a metamodeling approach. A metamodel is initially formed using a few exact solution evaluations and then optimized the metamodel to find a few infill solutions. The in-fill solutions are then evaluated exactly and another metamodel is formed. This procedure is continued in a progressive manner until all allocated budget of solutions are evaluated. In multi-objective optimization, there are several ways to build and utilize metamodeling approaches. Authors have previously proposed a taxonomy of different metamodeling approaches for multi-objective optimization and provided a comparative study highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of them. In this paper, we argue that it is more efficient to use different metamodeling approaches at different stages of the optimization process and then propose several manual switching strategies between the metamodeling methods. We also introduce a trust region based method to achieve a better convergence behavior. We use the well-known Kriging approach as the core metamodeling method in this study. Our results show the efficacy of the proposed approach on challenging multi-objective optimization problems using a limited budget of high-fidelity evaluations.
Prognostics Models for Railroad Tapered Roller Bearings with Spall Defects on Inner or Outer Rings

AbstractRolling contact fatigue (RCF) is one of the major causes of failure in railroad bearings used in freight service. Subsurface inclusions resulting from impurities in the steel used to fabric...
Is imaging necessary in the evaluation of the patient with an isolated complaint of anosmia

Imaging studies are often obtained during the evaluation of the patient with an olfactory deficit. The purpose of this article is to describe an investigation that was conducted to assess the effec...
Progress and prospects for accelerating materials science with automated and autonomous workflows

Accelerating materials research by integrating automation with artificial intelligence is increasingly recognized as a grand scientific challenge to discover and develop materials for emerging and future technologies. While the solid state materials science community has demonstrated a broad range of high throughput methods and effectively leveraged computational techniques to accelerate individual research tasks, revolutionary acceleration of materials discovery has yet to be fully realized. This perspective review presents a framework and ontology to outline a materials experiment lifecycle and visualize materials discovery workflows, providing a context for mapping the realized levels of automation and the next generation of autonomous loops in terms of scientific and automation complexity. Expanding autonomous loops to encompass larger portions of complex workflows will require integration of a range of experimental techniques as well as automation of expert decisions, including subtle reasoning about data quality, responses to unexpected data, and model design. Recent demonstrations of workflows that integrate multiple techniques and include autonomous loops, combined with emerging advancements in artificial intelligence and high throughput experimentation, signal the imminence of a revolution in materials discovery.
Opioid Use After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does Tramadol Have Lower Risk Than Traditional Opioids?

Abstract Background Preoperative opioid use has been shown to increase postoperative opioid use following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Tramadol is recommended for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis; however, it acts on opioid receptors and may confer similar adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to assess postoperative opioid use with preoperative opioid and tramadol use. Methods Patients undergoing primary TKA were identified in the Humana administrative claims database. Patients were stratified by whether they filled a prescription for an opioid, tramadol, either, or neither within 3 months of TKA. Prescription claims were tracked for 12 months postoperatively and relative risk for each group was calculated. Results In total, 107,973 patients undergoing TKA were identified. Preoperatively, 29,890 (27.7%) patients filled a prescription for opioids, 8049 (7.5%) for tramadol, 44,403 (41.1%) for tramadol or opioids, and 63,570 (58.9%) did not fill a prescription for either. At 12 months postoperatively, an opioid prescription was filled by 6.0% of preoperative narcotic-free patients, 35.2% opioid users (relative risk [RR] 5.83 [5.63-6.03]), 9.2% tramadol users (RR 1.52 [1.40-1.63]), and 29.5% opioid or tramadol users (RR 4.88 [4.72-5.05]). Opioid or tramadol prescriptions were filled by 7.7% of preoperative narcotic-free patients, 37.3% opioid users (RR 4.84 [4.70-4.99]), 26.2% tramadol users (RR 3.40 [3.26-3.57]), and 35.7% opioid or tramadol users (RR 4.64 [4.50-4.78]) at 12 months. Conclusion Patients taking tramadol preoperatively were found to be at lower risk for prolonged postoperative opioid use following TKA. Patients taking either narcotics preoperatively continued use of these medications at a higher rate than those who were not.