cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The S 1 fixed points in Quot-schemes and mirror principle computations

We describe the S 1 -action on the Quot-scheme Quot(E n ) associated to the trivial bundle E n = CP 1 × C n . In particlular, the topology of the S 1 -fixed-point components in Quot(E n ) and the S 1 -weights of the normal bundle of these components are worked out. Mirror Principle, as developed by three of the current authors in the series of work [L-L-Y1, I, II, III, IV], is a method for studying certain intersection numbers on a stable map moduli space. As an application, in Mirror Principle III, Sec 5.4, an outline was given in the case of genus zero with target a flag manifold. The results on S 1 fixed points in this paper are used here to do explicit Mirror Principle computations in the case of Grassmannian manifolds. In fact, Mirror Principle computations involve only a certain distinguished subcollection of the S 1 -fixed-point components. These components are identified and are labelled by Young tableaus. The S 1 -equivariant Euler class eS1 of the normal bundle to these components is computed. A diagrammatic rule that allows one to write down eS1 directly from the Young tableau is given. From this, the aforementioned intersection numbers on the moduli space of stable maps can be worked out. Two examples are given to illustrate our method. Using our method, the A-model for Calabi-Yau complete intersections in a Grassmannian manifold can now also be computed explicitly. This work is motivated by the intention to provide further details of mirror principle and to understand the relation of mirror principle to physical theory. Some related questions are listed for further study.
Emotional cognitive agents with adaptive ontologies

An unsolved problem in AIS is adaptive ontologies. Semantic Web requires flexible ontologies adaptive to user needs and to Web contents. The paper describes emotional intelligent agents with adaptive ontologies. Their emotions are essential part of intelligence and inseparable from cognition. Particular emotions important for adaptation are aesthetic emotions related to the knowledge instinct. We describe mathematical mechanisms involved, and analyze the role of emotions in cognition, language, and adaptive ontologies.
Network processor design for optical burst switched networks

Scalable hardware, architectures are required for optical burst switched (OBS) networks where future fibers may be handling 4Tbps or more. Issues investigated include centralized vs. distributed architectures, sealing issues related to performance, and the hardware impact of just-in-time (JIT) vs. just-enough-time (JET) signaling.
Impact of different bioenergy crops on N‐cycling bacterial and archaeal communities in soil

Summary Biomass production for bioenergy may change soil microbes and influence ecosystem properties. To explore the impact of different bioenergy cropping systems on soil microorganisms, the compositions and quantities of soil microbial communities (16S rRNA gene) and N-cycling functional groups (nifH, bacterial amoA, archaeal amoA and nosZ genes) were assessed under maize, switchgrass and Miscanthus x giganteus at seven sites representing a climate gradient (precipitation and temperature) in Illinois, USA. Overall, the site-to-site variation in community composition surpassed the variation due to plant type, and microbial communities under each crop did not converge on a ‘typical’ species assemblage. Fewer than 5% of archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nifH and nosZ OTUs were significantly different among these crops, but the largest differences observed at each site were found between maize and the two perennial grasses. Quantitative PCR revealed that the abundance of the nifH gene was significantly higher in the perennial grasses than in maize, and we also found significantly higher total N in the perennial grass soils than in maize. Thus, we conclude that cultivation of these perennial grasses, instead of maize, as bioenergy feedstocks can improve soil ecosystem nitrogen sustainability by increasing the population size of N-fixing bacteria.
Information Use in Communication Research: A Citation Analysis of Faculty Publication at the University of Houston

Citation analysis provides valuable information on researchers' information use behavior, and helps librarians make evidence-based collection development decisions. However, no citation analysis of faculty publications in the field of communication has been performed to study communication researchers' information use behavior. This study examined communication faculty publication from 2006 to 2014, analyzing format, age, most frequently cited journals, and their subject areas. Analysis of local holdings provides evidence for the library's role in support of faculty research, and helps librarians articulate the value of libraries.
Basis for substrate specificity of the Toxoplasma gondii nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase

The Toxoplasma gondii nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase is the most active E-type ATPase yet identified, and was the first member of this new gene family to be cloned (Bermudes D, Peck KR, Afifi-Afifi M, Beckers CJM, Joiner KA. J Biol Chem 1994;269:29252-29260. Previous work also identified two isoforms of the enzyme in the virulent RH strain, and demonstrated that internal fragments of the genes encoding these isoforms were found differentially in virulent versus avirulent organisms (Asai T, Miura S, Sibley D, Okabayashi H, Tsutomu T, J Biol Chem 1995;270:11391-11397). We now show that the NTPase 1 isoform is expressed in avirulent strains, whereas virulent strains express both the NTPase 1 and NTPase 3 isoforms. The avirulent PLK strain lacks the gene for NTPase 3, explaining the absence of expression. Despite the fact that NTPase 1 and NTPase 3 are 97% identical at the amino acid level, recombinant NTPase 1 is a true apyrase, whereas recombinant NTPase 3 cleaves predominantly nucleotide triphosphates. Furthermore, native and recombinant NTPase 3 but neither native nor recombinant NTPase 1 bind to ATP-agarose, further distinguishing the two isoforms. Using chimeras between the NTP1 and NTP3 genes, we show that a block of twelve residues at the C-terminus dictates substrate specificity. These residues lie outside the regions conserved among other E-ATPases, and therefore provide new insight into substrate recognition by this class of enzymes.
The use of consumer functioning to model placement decisions

Mental health systems are regularly confronted with the difficult problem of identifying appropriate community settings for individuals with mental illness. The author describes a study that determined if consumer functioning could effectively model placement decisions. Results suggest consistency in the way functioning is related to placement issues and indicate that the approach may be applied across systems. Implications of the relevance of functioning for community placement are also discussed.
Phosphorylation of PPP(S/T)P motif of the free LRP6 intracellular domain is not required to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and attenuate GSK3β activity

The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. LRP6 is an essential co-receptor for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling; as transduction of the Wnt signal is strongly dependent upon GSK3beta-mediated phosphorylation of multiple PPP(S/T)P motifs within the membrane-anchored LRP6 intracellular domain. Previously, we showed that the free LRP6 intracellular domain (LRP6-ICD) can activate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in a beta-catenin and TCF/LEF-1 dependent manner, as well as interact with and attenuate GSK3beta activity. However, it is unknown if the ability of LRP6-ICD to attenuate GSK3beta activity and modulate activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway requires phosphorylation of the LRP6-ICD PPP(S/T)P motifs, in a manner similar to the membrane-anchored LRP6 intracellular domain. Here we provide evidence that the LRP6-ICD does not have to be phosphorylated at its PPP(S/T)P motif by GSK3beta to stabilize endogenous cytosolic beta-catenin resulting in activation of TCF/LEF-1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. LRP6-ICD and a mutant in which all 5 PPP(S/T)P motifs were changed to PPP(A)P motifs equivalently interacted with and attenuated GSK3beta activity in vitro, and both constructs inhibited the in situ GSK3beta-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and tau to the same extent. These data indicate that the LRP6-ICD attenuates GSK3beta activity similar to other GSK3beta binding proteins, and is not a result of it being a GSK3beta substrate. Our findings suggest the functional and regulatory mechanisms governing the free LRP6-ICD may be distinct from membrane-anchored LRP6, and that release of the LRP6-ICD may provide a complimentary signaling cascade capable of modulating Wnt-dependent gene expression.
Urban crisis: Polarization and communication

This essay is a speculative attempt to explain the operation of four interaction elements that exist in an urban crisis situation. The relations of “polarization”; “communication,”; “isolation”; an...
The investigation of parachute fabric permeability under an unsteady pressure differential

A series of different experimental techniques were applied to quantify the effects both steady and unsteady pressure differential across a fabric had on the flow through the fabric. Static permeability measurements were made on four common nylon parachute fabrics over a range of fix pressure differentials to provide a baseline for the other techniques. An examination of the effects humidity had on the permeability of the fabric showed that the permeability had no change or slight increase when exposed to flows with higher humidity. The permeability at high static pressure differentials was examined by applying a weak shock wave to a fabric specimen. The results of this experiment showed the flow resistance increased (i.e. permeability decreased) as the pressure levels increased in all the fabrics except for the low permeability fabric which showed the opposite effect. A computer numerically controlled, piston permeability apparatus was designed and applied to test the dynamic permeability of the low permeability fabric. The results from this investigation do indicate a small effect of unsteady pressure differential on the fabric permeability. The fabric permeability is slightly higher than the static permeability when the pressure differential is increasing with respect to time and the opposite is true when the pressure differential is decreasing. This change in permeability is more pronounced as the pressure is higher and the pressure changes more rapidly with respect to time, suggesting dynamic permeability likely affects highly unsteady phenomena such as parachute opening.
Increased Plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, Preserved Cerebral Energy Metabolism, and Amelioration of Brain Damage During Neonatal Hypoxia Ischemia with Dexamethasone Pretreatment

Dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment has been shown to be neuroprotective in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia ischemia (HI). The exact mechanism of this neuroprotection is still unknown. This study used 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor energy metabolism during a 3-h episode of HI in 7-d-old rat pups in one of two groups. The first group was pretreated with 0.1 mL saline (i.p.) and the second group was treated with 0.1 mL of 0.1mg/kg DEX (i.p.) 22 h before HI. Animals pretreated with DEX had elevated nucleoside triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels during HI when compared with controls. Saline-treated animals had significant decreases in nucleoside triphosphate and phosphocreatine and increases in inorganic phosphate over this same period. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance data unequivocally demonstrate preservation of energy metabolism during HI in neonatal rats pretreated with DEX. Animals pretreated with DEX had little or no brain damage following 3 h of HI when compared with matched controls, which experienced severe neuronal loss and cortical infarction. These same pretreated animals had an increase in blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels before ischemia, suggesting an increase in ketone bodies, which is the neonate's primary energy source. Elevation of ketone bodies appears to be one of the mechanisms by which DEX pretreatment provides neuroprotection during HI in the neonatal rat.
Syntheses of alternating oligo-2'-O-methylribonucleoside methylphosphonates and their interactions with HIV TAR RNA

Oligonucleotide analogues 15−20 nucleotides in length have been prepared, whose sequences are complementary to nucleotides in the upper hairpin of HIV TAR RNA. These alternating oligonucleoside methylphosphonates, mr-AOMPs, contain 2‘-O-methylribonucleosides and alternating methylphosphonate and phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. The methylphosphonate and phosphodiester linkages of these oligomers are highly resistant to hydrolysis by exonuclease activity found in mammalian serum and to endonucleases, such as S1 nuclease. The oligomers were prepared using automated phosphoramidite chemistry and terminate with a 5‘-phosphate group, which provides an affinity handle for purification by strong anion exchange HPLC. A 15-mer mr-AOMP, 1676, that is complementary to the 5‘-side of the TAR RNA hairpin, including the 3-base bulge and 6-base loop region, forms a 1:1 duplex with a complementary RNA 18-mer, mini-TAR RNA. The Tm of this duplex is 71 °C, which is similar to that of the duplex formed by the corres...
EFFECTS OF NITROUS ACID ON THE DAT COPOLYMER AS A TEMPLATE FOR DNA POLYMERASE.

A mutagenic reaction between nitrous acid and DNA has been studied in a simple system: the purified DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli has been used to replicate samples of the dAT copolymer treated with nitrous acid. This synthetic DNA forms a double helix like natural DNA's, yet contains only one (adenine) of the three bases in DNA known to react with nitrous acid. Replication of deaminated dAT is dependent on the presence of dCTP, and cytosine is incorporated into the newly-synthesized DNA in the amount expected from the extent of deamination. This result agrees with the prediction that deamination of adenine in DNA will result in a transition from an AT to a GC base pair, after repeated replication. Inactivation of dAT as a template accompanies deamination. Some properties of the inactivation were studied. When nitrous acid is omitted and dAT is exposed to the pH of the deamination reaction (pH 4·2), inactivation still occurs but at a lower rate than in the presence of nitrous acid. Partial reactivation can be achieved by using the E. coli DNA phosphatase to remove 3′P end groups, known to be potent inhibitors of the DNA polymerase. After phosphatase treatment of deaminated dAT, it is possible to measure replication of the template when the extent of deamination is as large as 60%. However, DNA replication appears to stop before beginning a second round.
Reflections on Educational Intervention in Light of Postmodernism

L'evolution de la notion de culture, les conditions sociales dans les ecoles americaines et le changement des methodes ethnographiques. Ces modifications affectent directement la fonction et le contenu des recherches des anthropologistes de l'education.
Towards prediction of cognate complexes between the WW domain and proline‐rich ligands

The WW domain is a structured protein module found in a wide range of regulatory, cytoskeletal, and signaling molecules. Its ligands contain proline-rich sequences, some of which show a core consensus of XPPXY that is critical for binding. In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular and biological functions of WW domains, we decided to predict their cognate ligands by searching databases for proteins containing the XPPXY consensus. Using several axioms that take into account evolutionary conservation and functional similarity, we have identified four groups of proteins representing candidate ligands that signal through known or unknown WW domains. These include viral Gag proteins, sodium channels, interleukin receptors, and a subgroup of serine/threonine kinases. In addition, we proposed that dystrophin and β-dystroglycan bind through the WW-XPPXY link and that interference with this interaction could result in muscular dystrophy. Our study provides guidelines for experiments to probe the molecular and biological functions of the WW domain-ligand connection. Should these predictions be proven empirically, the results may have important ramifications for basic research and medicine.
[5]HELOL Phosphite: A Helically Grooved Sensor of Remote Chirality

Even when the first center of chirality is far from a functional group, the stereochemistries of chiral molecules can be sensed if the functional group is attached to a phosphorus embedded within the groove of a nonracemic helicene. The sensor used was a phosphite ester of [5]HELOL, structure 6, and 31P NMR spectroscopy was the method of analysis. Although there are seven methylenes between the hydroxyl and the first center of chirality, the 31P NMRs could distinguish the enantiomers of 8-phenylnonanol with baseline resolution. However, to achieve this resolution, the solvent has to be chosen appropriately. The probe can also analyze the enantiomers of other alcohols, amines, phenols, and, when they were coupled to 2-aminophenol, carboxylic acids. The sensitivity to remote chiral centers of the moieties analyzed is attributed to their confinement to the helical groove.
Accommodative vergence in the alert monkey. Motor unit analysis.

Abstract The behavior of both abducens nucleus and oculomotor nucleus motoneurons during accommodative vergence eye movements is examined in the alert monkey. This behavior is compared with that of the same neurons during versional eye movements. The behavior is found to be identical, which indicates that oculomotor unit discharge is determined by fixation angle without regard to the type of movement used to reach that angle. Detailed statistical analysis of unit firing rate also suggests that the separate inputs controlling vergence and version are probably combined at some supranuclear level before the motoneuron. The firing rates of motoneurons during the dynamic phase of a vergence movement is examined and compared to that during pursuit movements in an attempt to correlate neuron discharge with the mechanical dynamics of the orbit.
Salt Tolerance of Archaeal Extremely Halophilic Lipid Membranes

The membranes of extremely halophilic Archaea are characterized by the abundance of a diacidic phospholipid, archaetidylglycerol methylphosphate (PGP-Me), which accounts for 50-80 mol% of the polar lipids, and by the absence of phospholipids with choline, ethanolamine, inositol, and serine head groups. These membranes are stable in concentrated 3-5 m NaCl solutions, whereas membranes of non-halophilic Archaea, which do not contain PGP-Me, are unstable and leaky under such conditions. By x-ray diffraction and vesicle permeability measurements, we demonstrate that PGP-Me contributes in an essential way to membrane stability in hypersaline environments. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) prepared from the polar lipids of extreme halophiles, Halobacterium halobium and Halobacterium salinarum, retain entrapped carboxyfluorescein and resist aggregation in the whole range 0-4 m NaCl, similarly to LUV prepared from purified PGP-Me. By contrast, LUV made of polar lipid extracts from moderately halophilic and non-halophilic Archaea (Methanococcus jannaschii, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanobrevibacter smithii) are leaky and aggregate at high salt concentrations. However, adding PGP-Me to M. mazei lipids results in gradual enhancement of LUV stability, correlating with the PGP-Me content. The LUV data are substantiated by the x-ray results, which show that H. halobium and M. mazei lipids have dissimilar phase behavior and form different structures at high NaCl concentrations. H. halobium lipids maintain an expanded lamellar structure with spacing of 8.5-9 nm, which is stable up to at least 100 degrees C in 2 m NaCl and up to approximately 60 degrees C in 4 m NaCl. However, M. mazei lipids form non-lamellar structures, represented by the Pn3m cubic phase and the inverted hexagonal H(II) phase. From these data, the forces preventing membrane aggregation in halophilic Archaea appear to be steric repulsion, because of the large head group of PGP-Me, or possibly out-of-plane bilayer undulations, rather than electrostatic repulsion attributed to the doubly charged PGP-Me head group.
Product release during the first turnover of the ATP sulfurylase-GTPase.

ATP sulfurylase, from Escherichia coli Kappa-12, is a GTPase target complex that catalyzes and couples the chemical potentials of two reactions: GTP hydrolysis and activated sulfate (APS) synthesis. Previous work suggested that the product release branch of the GTPase mechanism might include rate-determining release and/or isomerization step(s). Such steps are known to couple chemical potentials in other energy transducing systems. Rate-determining, product release step(s) were confirmed in the ATP sulfurylase-GTPase reaction by a burst of product in pre-steady-state, rapid-quench experiments. Classical rapid-quench experiments, which measure total product formation, do not allow the slow steps to be assigned to the release of a specific product, or to slow isomerization, because they do not distinguish solution-phase from enzyme-bound product. Assay systems that exclusively monitor solution-phase P(i) and GDP were used to obtain free product progress curves during the first turnover of ATP sulfurylase. Together, the free and total product data describe how the products partition between the enzyme surface and solution during the first turnover. In combination, the data provide the time dependence of the concentrations of specific product intermediates, AMP.PP(i).E.GDP.P(i) and AMP.PP(i).E.GDP, the rate constants for the release of P(i) (4.2 s(-1)) and GDP (4.8 s(-1)) from these complexes, respectively, and the equilibrium constant for the enzyme-bound, beta,gamma-bond cleavage reaction: [AMP.PP(i).E.GTP']/[AMP.PP(i).E.GDP.P(i)] = 0.7. The data are fit, using global analysis, to obtain a complete kinetic and energetic description of this GTPase reaction.
Monitoring the Formation and Decay of Transient Photosensitized Intermediates Using Pump-Probe UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. I: Self-Modeling Curve Resolution:

Resolution of transient excited-state Raman scattering from ground-state and solvent bands is a challenging spectroscopic measurement since excited-state spectral features are often of low intensity, overlapping the dominant ground-state and solvent bands. The Raman spectra of these intermediates can be resolved, however, by acquiring time-resolved data and using multidimensional data analysis methods. In the absence of a physical model describing the kinetic behavior of a reaction, resolution of the pure-component spectra from these data can be accomplished using self-modeling curve resolution, a factor analysis technique that relies on the correlation in the data along a changing composition dimension to resolve the component spectra. A two-laser UV pump-probe resonance-enhanced Raman instrument was utilized to monitor the kinetics of amine quenching of excited-triplet states of benzophenone. The formation and decay of transient intermediates were monitored over time, from 15 ns to 100 μs. Factor analysis of the time-resolved spectral data identified three significant components in the data. The time-resolved intensities at each Raman wavenumber shift were projected onto the three significant eigenvectors, and least-squares criteria were developed to find the common plane in the space of the eigenvectors that includes the observed data. Within that plane, the three pure-component spectra were resolved using geometric criteria of convex hull analysis. The resolved spectra were found to arise from benzophenone excited-triplet states, diphenylketyl radicals, and the solvent and ground-state benzophenone.
Phosphotransacetylase from Bacillus subtilis: purification and physiological studies.

Abstract Phosphotransacetylase (acetyl CoA:orthophosphate acetyl transferase, EC 2.3.1.8) was purified over 600-fold from crude extracts of Bacillus Subtilis. The purified enzyme was activated by K1 and NH4+ and inhibited by Mn2+ and Ca2+. Apparent Michaelis constants for the substrates were determined. The equilibrium constant of the reaction was found to favor the formation of acetyl-CoA. The enzyme was capable of cleaving the short chain fatty acid esters propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA but the V and affinity for these substrates were less than that observed for acetyl-CoA. The enzyme was unable to cleave succinyl-CoA or palmityl-CoA but palmityl-CoA was a competitive inhibitor, with respect to CoA-SH, of the reaction. The adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and AMP, were inhibitory at 1.0 mM concentration. No inhibition by pyruvate or the reduced pyridine nucleotides was observed. A molecular weight of 90 000 was calculated for the enzyme from chromatography on Sephadex G-150 columns. Physiological studies revealed that maximal enzyme activity was attained during the exponentail phase of growth. Studies with citric acid cycle mutants were consistent with the conclusion that phosphotransacetylase is not regulated with the citric acid cycle.
Plume particle collection and sizing from static firing of solid rocket motors

A unique dart system has been designed and built at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to collect aluminum oxide plume particles from the plumes of large scale solid rocket motors, such as the space shuttle RSRM. The capability of this system to collect clean samples from both the vertically fired MNASA (18.3% scaled version of the RSRM) motors and the horizontally fired RSRM motor has been demonstrated. The particle mass averaged diameters, d43, measured from the samples for the different motors, ranged from 8 to 11 mu m and were independent of the dart collection surface and the motor burn time. The measured results agreed well with those calculated using the industry standard Hermsen's correlation within the standard deviation of the correlation . For each of the samples analyzed from both MNASA and RSRM motors, the distribution of the cumulative mass fraction of the plume oxide particles as a function of the particle diameter was best described by a monomodal log-normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.13 - 0.15. This distribution agreed well with the theoretical prediction by Salita using the OD3P code for the RSRM motor at the nozzle exit plane.
End-to-end RNP procedures

Required Navigation Performance (RNP) provides a way to produce precise lateral and vertical flight paths. To date, RNP has been leveraged primarily in the approach phase of flight to provide more efficient descent paths and improved access to terrain, obstacle, or airspace challenged airports. However, RNP may also be used in departure, en-route, and arrival phases of flight. The concept of an end-to-end system of RNP procedures utilizes the high performance navigation capability of today's modern aircraft to improve the repeatability and predictability of the entire route of flight. This may allow for a reduction in system block times and proportional savings based on aircraft direct operating costs per hour. Additionally, these routes could improve the accuracy of today's terminal metering tools and provide the foundation for future enhancements. This paper describes the concept and benefits of a highly repeatable route structure in the context of a suite of RNP end-to-end procedures between Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) and Boston Logan International Airport (BOS).
Totally magic graphs

A total labeling of a graph with v vertices and e edges is defined as a one-to-one map taking the vertices and edges onto the integers 1,2,···,v+e. Such a labeling is vertex magic if the sum of the label on a vertex and the labels on its incident edges is a constant independent of the choice of vertex, and edge magic if the sum of an edge label and the labels of the endpoints of the edge is constant. In this paper we examine graphs possessing a labeling that is simultaneously vertex magic and edge magic. Such graphs appear to be rare.
Receptor-associated protein binding blocks ubiquitinylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.

Abstract The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) consists of two subunits, M r ∼ 515,000 and 85,000. LRP is a receptor for activated α 2 -macrogobulin (α 2 M*), Pseudomonas exotoxin A, and many other proteins. We now report that ubiquitinylation of the LRP heavy chain occurred when either Pseudomonas exotoxin A or α 2 M* bound to LRP on macrophages. Ubiquitinylation was dose-dependent and maximal about 30 min after ligation of the receptor. Addition of the proteosome inhibitor MG-132 sustained the level of ubiquitin-LRP for longer time intervals in macrophages treated with either α 2 M* or Pseudomonas exotoxin A. By contrast, when receptor associated protein (RAP) bound to LRP, ubiquitinylation did not occur. While RAP is not found in the extracellular environment it binds to LRP and is believed to function as an intracellular chaperone. The presence of RAP within the cell may, therefore, contribute to the recycling of intact LRP which has ligated and internalized its ligands.
LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE OF FERTILE ALGAL CLONES: EXPERIENCE WITH PANDORINA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1,2

SUMMARY There is a need for simple, inexpensive methods to maintain algal clones of constant genotype over long periods of time. Pandorina zygospores survive many environmental rigors which destroy the vegetative cells. The zygospores are the preferable from for storage of the alga and remain viable for at least 15 yr. storage procedures and germination techniques are described for zygospores of 2 species. These are compared with reports in the literature concerning other algal genera. General procedures for storage and maintenance of both vegetative cells and spores are proposed.
Characteristics of blast furnace slag leachate produced under reduced and oxidized conditions.

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the environmental conditions necessary to reproduce leachates observed emerging from blast furnace slag acting as the foundation of highways in northwest Indiana. The leachates in the field are often highly alkaline with a pungent sulfur odor, a distinct green or milky-white in color, and sulfate concentrations exceeding 2000 mg/L. Slag was equilibrated in the laboratory under both oxidized and anoxic environments and at various slag:water ratios. Constant anoxic conditions were required to produce to green colors in the slag, but high sulfate concentrations were observed only when the suspensions were fully oxidized. Leachate from the study site appears to form as a result of a series of complex chemical reactions including fluctuating oxidized and reduced conditions.
Vancomycin-Tolerance among Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Mississippi during 1999-2001

ABSTRACT Background In recent years, infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae has been a serious worldwide health concern. Antimicrobial-resistant S pneumoniae is increasing in incidence worldwide, posing a potentially serious threat. Resistance to β -lactams, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole represents a major problem in the treatment of pneumococcal infections Methods Our laboratory conducted a survey of local resistance patterns in S pneumoniae. Clinical isolates from two separate respiratory seasons were collected from representative geographic areas in Mississippi (totaling 28 hospitals) and were tested for antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, azithromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and vancomycin using reference methods. Vancomycin-tolerant strains of S pneumoniae were initially identified as those in which the vancomycin MIC was 0.5 μ g/mL. Strain tolerance was confirmed by time kill studies Results For the 1999-2000 respiratory season, 318 isolates were available for testing; for 2001-2002, 166 isolates were available. Of the 484 total isolates tested, two isolates were identified as having increased tolerance to vancomycin. A greater than 2 log 10 difference in viability between the tolerant isolates and the nontolerant isolates of S pneumoniae was observed in time kill studies Conclusions Two vancomycin-tolerant isolates of S pneumoniae were identified and characterized. Antibiotic tolerance is defined as the ability of bacteria to survive but not proliferate in the presence of an antibacterial agent. Tolerance to vancomycin is particularly significant when the incidence of penicillin tolerance or resistance is high. In addition, tolerance to vancomycin is not detected by routine in vitro susceptibility testing.
The resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon for spherical harmonics

Spherical harmonics have been important tools for solving geophysical and astrophysical problems. Methods have been developed to effectively implement spherical harmonic expansion approximations. However, the Gibbs phenomenon was already observed by Weyl for spherical harmonic expansion approximations to functions with discontinuities, causing undesirable oscillations over the entire sphere. Recently, methods for removing the Gibbs phenomenon for one-dimensional discontinuous functions have been successfully developed by Gottlieb and Shu. They proved that the knowledge of the first N expansion coefficients (either Fourier or Gegenbauer) of a piecewise analytic function f(x) is enough to recover an exponentially convergent approximation to the point values of f(x) in any subinterval in which the function is analytic. Here we take a similar approach, proving that knowledge of the first N spherical harmonic coefficients yield an exponentially convergent approximation to a spherical piecewise smooth function f(θ, Φ) in any subinterval [θ 1 , θ 2 ], Φ ∈ [0,2π], where the function is analytic. Thus we entirely overcome the Gibbs phenomenon.
The Meaning of “Historicism”

OVER the past twenty years, the word "historicism' appears to have been definitely established in the vocabulary cyf history and philosophy. Since its meaning has varied greatly and has often beell obscure, an attempt at some clarification seems in order. Admittedly the task is a difficult one because use of the word is itself evidence olf a continuing controversy over the theoretical and philosophical aspects of historiography. It is undoubtedly still too early to reach a consensus about the concep-ts for which the word may be used, but at least an attempt to answer basic questions concerning the word and its usage may be nolt only clarifying but also helpful in understanding the theoretic backgrounds which have necessitated the label "historicism." Among such questions are these: In what senses has historicism been defined or used? What are the theories or concepts or conditions which seem to require a new label ? What at this time may be regarded as a "proper" use of the word ? 1
Engaging our fears: student learning at the center of our practice

Purpose – The paper aims to make the case that attention to student learning outcomes provides a pedagogical bridge between the expectations of community college faculty and the performance of underprepared students.Design/methodology/approach – Critical examination of research studies in the professional literature and examination of the work of Bob Barr and John Tagg, as well as of Paulo Freire presents a model in which students take responsibility for their learning and faculty attend to that, using clear standards of evaluation.Findings – Studies show clear disparities between faculty expectations of community college students and these students' readiness to meet those expectations and to be active participants in their education. Faculty need to take responsibility for defining student learning outcomes and using them in embedded assessment. The work of Barr and Tagg and that of Freire are key frames in moving toward closing the gap between student preparedness and faculty expectations, because they...
Adsorption of antibody in vitro and magnitude of the Schultz-Dale reaction of guinea-pig ileum.

Studies show that the adsorption of rabbit antiovalbumin-I 131 on guinea-pig ileum conforms to a Langmuirian isotherm, and that the physiological response to challenge with antigen depends upon the amount of antibody bound to the tissue.
Genetic modification of prenatal lethality and dilated cardiomyopathy in Mn superoxide dismutase mutant mice.

Abstract Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, has been shown to be essential for animal survival. MnSOD mutant mice (Sod2−/− mice) on the CD1 background develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy and usually die within 10 d after birth. To characterize better the phenotype and understand the mechanism of superoxide-mediated tissue damage in Sod2−/− mice, congenic Sod2−/− mice on inbred backgrounds were generated to ensure genetic homogeneity. When generated on a C57BL/6J background (B6〈Sod2−/−〉), more than half of the fetuses develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy by embryonic day 15 and die in the uterus. Those that survive to term usually die within 24 h. In contrast, Sod2−/− mice on DBA/2J (D2〈Sod2−/−〉) and B6D2F1 (B6D2F1〈Sod2−/−〉) backgrounds develop normally throughout gestation and do not develop dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the D2〈Sod2−/−〉 mice do develop a severe metabolic acidosis and survive for only up to 12 d after birth. B6D2F1〈Sod2−/−〉) mice have a milder form of metabolic acidosis and can survive for up to 3 weeks. The marked difference in lifespans and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the B6 but not the D2 or B6D2F1 backgrounds indicate the possible existence of genetic modifiers that provide protection to the developing hearts in the absence of MnSOD.
Electrophysiological consequences of hypothermic hyperkalemic elective cardiac arrest.

While the development of pharmacological cardioplegic solutions for myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have significantly lengthened the safe operating time for cardiac surgical procedures, the introduction of hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegia (CPG) has markedly increased the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. Using a customized modification of a computerized mapping system, we have developed a large animal porcine model of CPB that is exquisitely sensitive to the electrophysiological (EP) derangements imposed by ischemia and cardiac arrest. This model is able to measure spatial and temporal parameters of ventricular activation with high resolution, using an array of up to 84 epicardial electrodes that can be reproducibly placed on the surface of the heart utilizing known epicardial anatomical markers (e.g., coronary arteries). With this system we have measured the spectrum of clinically observed EP disturbances caused by CPG, from slowed intraventricular conduction to complete heart block. Compared to the control group of hypothermia alone, 2 hours of crystalloid CPG arrest had a significant slowing effect on ventricular activation (p < 0.05). CPG was accompanied, in each animal, by profound changes in the spatial distribution of ventricular activation and persistent slowing of ventricular activation. Traditional EP parameters of effective refractory period and pacing threshold were unchanged by CPG. Smaller temporal and spatial changes were observed in the control group, but were always reversed by 90 minutes of warm reperfusion. We conclude that CPG induces injury of the specialized conducting system and, to a lesser degree, the myocardium. This model will afford us the opportunity to test new methods of CPG to further improve myocardial preservation during CPB.
Application of electron-attachment reactions to enhance selectivity of electron-capture detector for nitroaromatic explosives

The differences in the extent of electron-attachment reactions between thermal electrons and selected classes of organic molecules with high electron affinities were investigated. The investigations showed that interactions of thermal electrons with nitroaromatic compounds lead to the formation of neutral products with very low electron affinities. By contrast, a number of other analytes with high electron affinities such as polyhalogenated organic compounds, lead to products with high electron affinities. This difference was exploited to differentiate between nitroaromatic and polychlorinated organic compounds with a tandem arrangement consisting of two electron-capture detectors connected in series with an electron-attachment reactor.
Preliminary data on a computerized test of finger speed and endurance

We set out to develop a computer-assisted finger-tapping task (the T3) that would measure motor speed much like the Reitan test, but that would also measure endurance. Data were collected for a convenience sample on both the T3 and the Reitan finger-tapping test. Moderate and significant correlations were obtained between the T3 and the Reitan test for both hands. Mean scores for the first 50 sec of the T3 were approximately 0.15 taps greater than the mean Reitan score for both the preferred and the nonpreferred hands, while the mean scores for the full 2 min of the T3 were 1.52 taps less than those of the Reitan test for the preferred hand, and 1.32 taps less for the nonpreferred hand. The mean for the last 40 sec with the preferred hand averaged 3.93 taps (7.62%) slower than for the first 40 sec, whereas for the nonpreferred hand, the difference was 5.12 taps (11.15%). These results are consistent with our intent to develop measures of (1) relatively pure motor speed (the first 50 sec of the T3); (2) motor speed combined with endurance (the full 2 min of the T3); and (3) finger endurance (the first 40 sec compared with the last 40 sec of the T3).
Fuel Element Combustion Properties for Live Wildland Utah Shrubs

Current field models for wildfire prediction are mostly based on dry or low-moisture fuel combustion research. To better study the live fuel combustion behavior, a laminar flow flat-flame burner was used to provide a convection heating source to ignite an individual live fuel sample. In this research project, four Utah species were studied: Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), canyon maple (Acer grandidentatum), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Leaf geometrical parameters measured included individual leaf total mass, thickness, leaf width, leaf length, and moisture content. Time-stamped images of combustion behavior along with time-dependent mass data were recorded via a LabVIEW system. Combustion characteristics were determined by an automated MATLAB routine modified for analyzing Utah species images of burning fuel samples, including time to ignition, time of flame duration, time to maximum flame height, time to burnout, and maximum flame height. Qualitative resu...
Dispersion Model for a Stream with Several Waste Inputs and Water Intakes

An analytical solution is developed to predict the BOD and DO profiles in a stream having several outfalls of waste and intakes of water. The model also incorporates continuous addition and removal of BOD and DO along the stream. A steady state one dimensional dispersion model is used to describe the transport of BOD and DO in a stream. Changes in stream properties along the length are considered by dividing the stream into several segments and changing the parameters of the BOD and DO equations as needed in each segment. By applying continuity equations at the boundaries of these segments and equilibrium conditions at either ends of the infinitely long stream, the arbitrary constants in the solutions to the differential equations for BOD and DO can be determined. Some applications of the results in studying water pollution problems are illustrated.
Plasminogen activation in cheese milk : Influence on Swiss cheese ripening

Our objective was to increase plasmin activity, proteolysis, and flavor development of Swiss cheese. Swiss cheese was manufactured from milk containing no added urokinase (control), low concentrations of urokinase (0.05 U/L), or high concentrations of urokinase (0.5 U/L). Composition of cheese, plasmin activity, and urea-PAGE of cheese proteins were analyzed after 6, 12, and 24 wk of ripening. Sensory evaluation and HPLC analysis were done after 12 and 24 wk. Plasmin activity increased in Swiss cheese made from milk that contained high concentrations of urokinase. Urea-PAGE showed that higher plasmin activity resulted in more rapid hydrolysis of β-casein during 12 wk of ripening. After 24 wk, there were no differences in β-casein contents among the cheeses. Sensory evaluation showed that propionic acid, nutty flavor, and overall flavor intensity were higher for cheese ripened for 12 wk and made from milk that contained urokinase. After 24 wk, there were no sensory differences among cheeses.
The School Counseling Program Implementation Survey: Initial Instrument Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis.

This article details the initial development of the School Counseling Program Implementation Survey and psychometric results including reliability and factor structure. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model that accounted for 54% of the variance of the intercorrelation matrix and a twofactor model that accounted for 47% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha reliability estimates for subscales ranged from .79 to .87. Subscales of the instrument may be used to assess ASCA National Model program implementation, programmatic orientation, school counseling services, and school counselors' use of computer software.
Occurrence of streaming potentials due to oil well pumping

This study investigates the occurrence of streaming potentials due to oil well pumping. Measurement of streaming potentials may provide a means of detecting fluid flow in oil reservoirs. Fluid flow through porous media such as rocks and soils generates small electrical currents, resulting in electrical potential differences (streaming potentials). The electrical current sources are located at fluid flow sources and sinks (i.e., wells), and where fluid flows perpendicular to geologic boundaries. Thus, for the time being, a simplified approach is taken and current sources are computed based on coupling properties and pressure gradients in an oil production well. The resulting electrical problem is solved by a two dimensional finite element approach. A simple model of a stratigraphic oil trap is presented to estimate the magnitude of streaming potentials on the surface as well as in monitoring wells at different distances from the pumping well. Variation of the electrical material properties show that a small anomaly may be measurable (less than 4 mV for a monitoring well 100 m away from the production well). If the monitoring well is farther away, e.g., 1 km, the streaming potential is reduced to approximately 0.02 mV. For well depths between 500 m and 1000 m surface anomalies will be less than 1 mV. The presented model is mainly limited by the poor knowledge of in situ cross-coupling properties and the simplified approach of computing streaming potentials.