cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of a Mixed Chromium and Chlorinated Etjeme Ground Wate Plume in Estuarine Influenced Glaciated Sediments

The natural attenuation behavior of a ground water contaminant plume containing chromium and chlorinated ethenes in glaciated sediments was assessed using traditional and nontraditional methods. The mixed waste is transported through and attenuated within an estuarine influenced ground water aquifer of spatially varying redox character and organic carbon content. Contaminant fate and speciation were assessed as a function of geochemical conditions. Total, speciation-based, and sequential chemical extraction analyses were performed to determine contaminant partitioning and the redox capacity of the aquifer. Chromium speciation and partitioning were correlated with the reductive capacity and redox conditions of the aquifer sediments spatially distributed within the aquifer. Reductive dechlorination and partitioning of chlorinated ethenes were correlated with the organic carbon content and redox conditions of the aquifer sediments. The data showed that sharp redox gradients existed within the aquifer. Active reduction and retardation of both chromium and chlorinated ethenes was exhibited. The aqueous hexavalent chromium concentrations decreased to near nondetect levels in the vicinity of the receptor, whereas degradation products of higher-order chlorinated ethenes increased as a fraction of the total chlorinated ethene concentrations along the length of the plume. The potential for competition for reducing power under specific cases within the aquifer was suggested by the data, highlighting the need to include contaminant interactions in natural attenuation assessments.
Can ems providers adequately assess trauma patients for cervical spinal injury

Objective. To determine whether EMS providers can accurately apply the clinical criteria for clearing cervical spines in trauma patients. Methods. EMS providers completed a data form based on their initial assessments of all adult trauma patients for whom the mechanism of injury indicated immobilization. Data collected included the presence or absence of neck pain/tenderness; altered mental status; history of loss of consciousness; drug/alcohol use; neurologic deficit; and other painful/distracting injury. After transport to the ED, emergency physicians (EPs) completed an identical data form based on their assessments. Immobilization was considered to be indicated if any one of the six criteria was present. The El's and EMS providers were blinded to each other's assessments. Agreement between the EP and EMS assessments was analyzed using the kappa statistic. Results. Five-hundred seventy-three patients were included in the study. The El' and EMS assessments matched in 78.7% (n = 451) of the cases. There w...
Rearing method for Hylobius radicis and H. pales (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Diets containing ground fresh phloem or ground lyophilized phloem of red pine ( Pinus resinosa Aiton) were developed and used successfully for rearing the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan, and the pales weevil, Hylobius pales Herbst. Survival from eclosion of first instar to adult on the two diets ranged from 48 to 63% for H. radicis and 58 to 81% for H. pales . Development times from eclosion of first instar to adult for H. pales ranged (mean ± SEM) from 53.0 ± 5.3 to 51.5 ± 6.5 d for females and 49.0 ± 3.8 to 47.9 ± 5.1 d for males. Development times for H. radicis ranged from 63.6 ± 5.0 to 67.8 ± 5.2 d for females and 63.4 ± 5.0 to 68.2 ± 6.7 d for males. Mean adult weights did not differ significantly between the two phloem-based diets for either sex or species of weevil.
Antisense inhibition at the β-secretase-site of β-amyloid precursor protein reduces cerebral amyloid and acetyl cholinesterase activity in Tg2576

Misprocessing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the formation of elevated quantities of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), derived by a cleavage at the beta-secretase site (N-671/673aa) and by a cleavage at the gamma-secretase site (C-711/713aa) of APP, is considered a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Point mutations near the beta-secretase site in the human gene for APP, such as in the Swedish mutation-KM670/671NL, lead to a form of dominantly inherited AD. These mutations are known to promote beta-site cleavage and to increase levels of Abeta. Abeta has been shown previously to increase acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro. We wished to test whether translational blocking of APP-mRNA at the mutated beta-site by antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) directed to the mutated site will reduce cerebral amyloid in the Swedish transgenic mouse model (Tg2576). Mice were injected i.c.v. with AS-ODNs directed at the mutated beta-site (AS-beta site) or with AS-ODNs directed at the normal gamma-site (AS-gamma site) of human APP-mRNA, and compared with procedural controls that received i.c.v. injections of sense ODNs at the beta-site (S-beta site), sense ODNs at the gamma-site (S-gamma site) or mismatched ODNs, and with untreated littermates (Lt) and untreated transgenic mice (Tgs). ODNs were injected into the 3rd ventricle once a week for 4 weeks. Brains were processed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of beta- and gamma-cleaved soluble Abeta40 (sAbeta40), beta- and gamma-cleaved soluble Abeta42 (sAbeta42) and alpha-cleaved soluble beta-amyloid precursor protein (sAPPalpha). The physiological relevance of AS ODNs was tested by evaluating the cerebral distribution of AChE before and after the treatment. AChE was found increased about fivefold in Tg cortex as compared with control brain. Results show that compared with untreated and procedural controls, AS-beta increased cerebral levels of sAPPalpha by 43% and reduced sAbeta40/42 by approximately 39%; while simultaneously reducing the cortical density of AChE by approximately fourfold in the treated Tg animals, almost to the level found in the control brain (all values P<0.0001, analysis of variance, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test), while AS-gamma did not have any effect. These results indicate that AS directed to the mutated beta-site may be an effective approach to treat familial AD.
Preparation of riboflavin (UL)-14C

Uniformly labeled riboflavin-14C was synthesized by the organism, Ashbya gossypii. Riboflavin with a specific activity of 79.0 mCi/mmole was obtained after extensive purification. Degradation of riboflavin with light and NaOH indicated that the 14C label was present in both the isoalloxazine ring and in the side chain. Radioautographs of the chromatographed vitamin showed that a single radioactive band was found that coincided with authentic riboflavin.
WHERE IS THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE EAST

(1976). WHERE IS THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE EAST? The Professional Geographer: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 190-195.
Design considerations for FE-charge DRAM-Flash hybrid memory

Following experimental verification and parameter extraction of fast program DRAM-mode and long retention Flash-mode in ferroelectric (FE)-charge hybrid memory, we present the design considerations on memory window, and program/erase/retention dynamics from geometry and material parameters. The achievable dual-mode design trade-offs are then implemented in array circuits.
Functional subnuclear partitioning of transcription factors

After many years of reductionistic approaches to characterize molecular mechanisms involved in transcription, the number of factors recognized to take part in this process has increased remarkably and continues to grow. When considering posttranslational modifications in conjunction with the large number of factors involved in modulating the activity of transcription complex components, the overall intricacy becomes staggering. After two decades of intensive molecular investigations, there has been a concerted effort to integrate these findings with cellular approaches to understand transcription on a more global level. This sort of reasoning actually revisits studies of approximately 20 years ago that considered the functional consequences of steroid receptor association with nuclear structure. With an abundance of new molecular probes and increasingly powerful instruments to detect them in fixed and, more recently, live cells, the issue of functional subnuclear organization is receiving increased attention. In this report, we focus on advances in characterizing the functional significance of transcription factor association with the nucleoskeleton. In particular, we consider recent biochemical and “molecular morphology” data that point to the importance of dynamic spatial and solubility partitioning of gene regulators with nuclear architecture. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:213–221, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INTERPOPULATIONAL VARIATION IN FRUIT PRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF POLLINATION-LIMITATION IN THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS

Fruit set varied from a mean of 44% to 93% among six populations of Veronica cusickii L. (Scrophulariaceae) spanning a distance of 13 km in the Olympic Mountains, WA. Hand pollinations in three populations showed that this variation resulted primarily from differences in the level of limitation by insect pollination. In every pollination, hand-pollinated flowers averaged at least 82% fruit set. In 1981 and 1982, addition of excess pollen significantly increased mean fruit set per plant in the Blue Mountain population, but not in two other populations with higher natural fruit sets. At Blue Mountain, hand pollination more than doubled the mean seed set of V. cusickii and also significantly increased seed set in two of three other species visited primarily by flies or solitary bees. Pollination-limitation appears to be common at this site where the weather is frequently cold and damp.
Congressional Staff Turnover and the Ties-That-Bind

Individual members of the U. S. Congress work with staffs ranging in size from a minimum of 18 to a maximum of well over 100. Each member has come to preside over a personnel system and, consequently, may best be understood as an enterprise manager. In this article we examine these congressional enterprises in order to gain some insight about the autonomy of individual staffers, the stability of these member-centered enterprises, and generally, the responsiveness of staffers to member objectives. While it is difficult to observe or measure responsiveness directly, some purchase on the question is gained through an investigation of the causes and consequences of staff turnover; this is the major empirical focus of the research reported here.
THE CHEMISTRY AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL SUNSCREEN FILTERS IN SUNSCREENS AND COSMETICS

Outdoor activities are enjoyed by many people. However, exposure to sunlight can have good and bad effects on the skin and health. While sunlight helps with the formation of vitamin D, it also cont...
The Limitations of Energy Density of Battery/Double-Layer Capacitor Asymmetric Cells

The formula describing the energy density of asymmetric cells, which consists of a battery-type electrode (such as lithium intercalated compound) and an electrochemical capacitor-type electrode (such as activated carbon), was derived. From the formula, the optimal mass (or volume) ratio of battery electrode to capacitor electrodes and electrolyte can be obtained for achieving the maximum theoretical gravimetric (or volumetric) energy density. The voltage swing of the cell during charge and discharge cycles was also described. Relationships between the energy density, ion concentration of the electrolyte, specific capacity of battery electrode, specific capacitance of capacitor electrode, and maximum operational voltage were also given. Three specific asymmetric systems, including carbon/LiPF 6 ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC)/Li x Ti 5 O 12 , carhon/LiPF 6 EC:DMC/WO 2 , and Ni(OH) 2 /KOH H 2 O/carbon were evaluated for their maximum theoretical energy density and swing voltage. It was found that for asymmetric cells using nonaqueous electrolyte, the maximum energy density (about 30 Wh/kg) was limited mainly by the electrolyte due to the low ion concentration; however, for asymmetric cells using aqueous electrolytes, the maximum energy density (about 40 Wh/kg) was limited mainly by the capacitor electrode. The maximum operational voltage always plays an important role in the maximum energy density.
Ultrasonic beamforming architectures

Basic digital beamforming architectures will be reviewed. Architectures will be analyzed for spectral characterization and hardware considerations which consist of A/D converter requirements, data storage strategies, and computational complexity. The goals of parallel processing will be illustrated along with the basic forms of parallel computation.Granularity issues which measure the ratio of the amount of computation done in a parallel task to the amount of inter-processor communication will be illustrated. Software systems will be described that allow the beamforming architectures to be modeled and tested for data throughput requirements as well as computational loading with respect to application specific concurrent architectures. One specific structure, MPI, will be described and used to illustrate how parallel processing architectures may be synthesized and tested.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Laparoscopic management of colorectal endometriosis.

Background: In the past, intestinal endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy has generally required conversion to conventional surgery. The purpose of this study was to describe the laparoscopic management of colorectal endometriosis at a tertiary referral center.
Accurate semi-empirical predictive modeling of an underdamped process

Abstract Rollins et al. (D.K. Rollins, J.M. Liang, P. Smith. Accurate simplistic predictive modeling of nonlinear dynamic processes, ISA Transactions 4 (1998) 293–303.) introduced a predictive modeling approach that uses a semi-empirical model in an algorithm that changes the model form when input changes occur. This approach was found to be very accurate under a variety of sampling conditions when processes follow first order dynamics. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the ability of this approach to accurately predict output response for systems with complex dynamics. More specifically, this approach is evaluated on a mathematically simulated CSTR that approximately follows underdamped second order behavior for changes in coolant flow rate and inverse second order behavior for changes in feed rate. This work demonstrates creativity in obtaining accurate fitted models with coefficients that vary widely over the input space using a few number of experimental runs to obtain the model coefficients. The proposed method is evaluated under conditions of high input (coolant flow rate) change frequency, variable change rate of the input, and no sampling of the output.
The impact of management accounting, product structure, product mix algorithm, and planning horizon on manufacturing performance

Abstract This paper examines how three types of management accounting systems and two methods to determine product mix interact in both the short term and the long term to affect the manufacturing performance of two shops – one with a flat and the other with a deep product structure – in a highly automated industry that has a significantly high overhead content. Through a large-scale computer simulation, this study provides additional insights into the product mix decision through considering fluctuations caused by environmental uncertainty, using an integrated information system that integrates a manufacturing system and a management accounting system, considering the decision-outcome dynamic over time, the choice of cost content, and using both financial and non-financial performance measures. This study found that no single shop setting is best for all performance measures. The manager must determine which performance measures are the most important to their competitive success when making a decision about selecting or changing a management accounting system, product mix algorithm, or product structure.
Persistency of broodiness in recycled turkey hens

Large White turkey breeder hens identified as broody during their initial egg production cycle were recycled into a second and third reproductive cycle in order to determine the persistency of broodiness. Egg production data included time to first egg, duration of lay and the number of eggs per hen. Nesting data included time to first broody nesting activity and duration of broody nesting activity. In general, there were no significant differences among the three cycles for the above observations. Mean values over the three cucles were as follows: 24.6 days to first egg following photostimulation; 49.4 days of egg production; 29.4 eggs per hen; 46.9 days from the first egg to first broody nesting and 59.7 days duration of nesting. Of 10 hens identified as broody in their first egg production cycle and followed through two additional 20-week cycles, seven hens demonstrated broody nesting behavior and nine had low rates of egg production. It was concluded that broody traits of a given hen are carried over into subsequent cycles.
A prospective randomized study comparing modified Burch retropubic urethropexy and suburethral sling for treatment of genuine stress incontinence with low-pressure urethra.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare a modified Burch procedure with a suburethral sling for the treatment of stress incontinence complicated by a low-pressure urethra. Study Design: Thirty-six women with stress incontinence, low-pressure urethra, and urethral hypermobility (straining cotton swab angle ≥30°) were randomly assigned to undergo either a modified Burch procedure (n = 19) or a suburethral sling (n = 17). Objective and subjective cure rates at 3 months after the operation were the primary outcome measures. Comparisons of group means were performed with the Student t test for independent groups, and proportions were compared with the Fisher exact test. Results: After the operation the 2 groups had statistically similar cure rates and voiding function. Urethral closure pressure, pressure transmission ratios, and maximum detrusor pressure during voiding were significantly higher in the sling group. Conclusion: At 3 months there were no clinically significant differences between the groups treated with suburethral sling and modified Burch procedures. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:30-4.)
Pilot Scale Study of Vegetable Oil Extraction by Surfactant-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Process

A number of aqueous extraction processes (AEP) have been studied as substitutes for hexane in oilseed extraction. In our previous batch-scale work, we have shown that the aqueous surfactant-based method could effectively extract up to 95% peanut and canola oils at 25°C. The goal of this work is to perform a semi-continuous pilot-scale study of the aqueous surfactant-based method for peanut and canola oil extraction. Two extraction strategies were evaluated including (1) a single extraction stage by aqueous surfactant solution and (2) two extraction stages, consisting of one aqueous surfactant wash and one de-ionized water wash. At optimum conditions, 90.6% and 88.1% oil extraction efficiencies of peanut and canola oil, respectively, were achieved in a single-stage extraction, while 94.5% and 92.6% were achieved in the two-stage extraction. At the highest solid/liquid centrifuge speed, the moisture level in the extracted meal was 48%. At the optimum liquid/liquid centrifuge condition, more than 90% of the ...
Acceptability of health information technology aimed at environmental health education in a prenatal clinic

Objective To describe the acceptability of an interactive computer kiosk that provides environmental health education to low-income Latina prenatal patients.
A Lagoonal Crustose Coralline Algal Micro-Ridge: Bahiret El Bibane, Tunisia

ABSTRACT Colonies of Neogoniolithon notarisii (Dufour) Setchell and Mason found within a subtropical, hypersaline lagoon form a wave-resistant ridge 31 km long. The formation of algal ridges in a relatively low wave energy lagoonal setting under hypersaline conditions is highly unusual. Individual heads of mushroom-shaped colonies coalesce to differing degrees, probably in response to local variations in wave energies. Individual heads are circular to oval in plan that average 0.9 m in diameter, but may be as large as 2.0 m in diameter. Three growth modes appear to represent members of a continuum: 1) discontinuous ridges constructed of individual heads that commonly coalesce to form bands of two or three heads; 2) broader ridges of algal heads consisting of 7-10 coalescing heads; and 3 continuous ridges with lobate lagoonward margins. The composite ridge has formed on a wave-cut platform on the lagoonal side of an elongate lithified barrier. Initial growth of small cauliflower-shaped heads is directed upwards. Once the water surface is reached, lateral growth produces overhangs that average 25 cm, but may be as large as 60 cm. Lagoonward-facing rims are best developed, standing 4-8 cm in relief above the center of the colonies. These elevated lips are usually awash, but the remainder of the ridge is exposed only at lowest low water. A consistent overall growth height of 33 cm, measured on the lagoonward-facing rim, probably results from tidal control. Further dependence on wave activity for healthy growth is demonstrated by the disappearance of the ridges in the easte n part of the lagoon as fetch of the dominant summer winds is decreased. The ridge is strikingly sterile, with infrequent associations of Halimeda, serpulid worms, vermetid gastropods and boring clams. The existence of this coralline framework exemplifies a different type of environmental control than algal ridges elsewhere. Salinity and temperature limit potential grazers and other space competitors, so that Neogoniolithon notarisii totally dominates this ecological niche.
Biomarkers of vascular disease in scleroderma

Vascular disease is present in every patient with scleroderma and is a major source of morbidity and mortality. There is a subset of patients who will develop severe and sometimes life-threatening vascular events. We have good evidence that an insult to the microvasculature occurs early in the disease course, but there is a subset of patients who have an ongoing chronic process, the end result of which are events such as digital loss and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The ability to detect this process at an early stage by simple means would be of great value as our ability to treat these vascular complications improves with time. We have a significant amount of evidence of vascular perturbation from studies of peripheral blood in scleroderma, but know very little about the ability of these biomarkers to predict vascular outcomes. In this review, we will critically assess our current knowledge of the use of biomarkers of vascular disease in scleroderma and the possible directions of future research in this area.
Toward a Feature System for Analyzing Dynamic Web Interfaces

Dynamic Web interfaces display information using strategies not readily described by received taxonomies of visualization methods. Using a concept borrowed from linguistic theory, we propose a binary feature system for systematically analyzing dynamic Web interfaces. We offer an overview of distinctive feature theory and present nine candidate features for analyzing dynamic Web interfaces. We further demonstrate how these features are manifested in an analysis of four sample sites.
Justification of a type of fast anisotropic boundary tracker for multidimensional binary images

Gordon and Udupa published a fast boundary-tracking algorithm for 3-dimensional finite binary images and confirmed the soundness of their algorithm by observation of its behavior on numerous experimental images. Higher-dimensional analogs of Gordon and Udupa's algorithm are now being used in medical imaging software. This paper presents a proof that these higher-dimensional boundary-tracking algorithms are also sound.
Adaptive impulse noise filtering

The authors present a preprocessor to mitigate the effects of the impulse noise. In contrast with previous work, the proposed preprocessor requires no information about the correlated background process and can adapt as the background process changes. An adaptive nonlinear filter (preprocessor) introduced mitigates the effects of the impulses when the nominal process (background noise) is a correlated Gaussian process. The preprocessing procedure consists of identifying the impulsive component, eliminating it and replacing the samples with an estimate. Comparison of techniques for suppressing impulse noise is given. >
Effects of ACTH and Prednisone on Mood: Incidence and Time of Onset:

Prior studies of mood and cognitive changes produced by ACTH and glucocorticoids have not characterized accurately the incidence or time of onset of these changes. In this study mood and cognitive reactions of fifteen medical patients treated with ACTH or prednisone were studied prospectively. ACTH produced a lessening of dysphoria by the third treatment day, and mild euphoric reactions occurred in three of seven of the patients treated. Prednisone produced a reduction of dysphoria by the seventh day, but no euphoric reactions in the eight patients treated with it. Neither medical symptom improvement nor elevation of plasma cortisol levels in the patients given ACTH appeared to account for the results. The mechanism of the observed mood change remains to be elucidated.
Severe Environmental Deprivation (aka RSB): A Tragedy, Not a Defense

This article is a contribution to a symposium issue of the Alabama Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Law Review devoted to whether severe environmental deprivation, sometimes termed rotten social background, should be a defense to crime and why it has not been adopted. I begin by presenting the framework I apply for thinking about such problems. I then identify the main theses Professors Richard Delgado and Andrew Taslitz present and consider their merits. Next, I turn to the arguments of the other papers by Professors Paul Robinson, Erik Luna and Angela Harris. I make two general arguments: first, that SED or any other potentially powerful predisposing cause of crime should not per se be a defense to crime that excuses or mitigates criminal responsibility; and second, that criminal law defenses to responsibility are crucial to the just adjudication of guilt and innocence, but they are not an appropriate means to remedy undoubted social, biological, and psychological problems. I conclude that no jurisdiction has adopted the defense because it is conceptually unjustifiable and empirically unworkable. SED is a tragedy, but it should not be a defense to crime. Finally, I conclude with a number of criminal justice reform suggestions, including many that I believe the other writers would endorse.
Anomalous pair currents in Josephson junction

Abstract An mechanism for the anomalous peak in the I–V characteristics of the Josephson junction is proposed which is due to the creation of quasiparticle pairs by the self-induced a.c. voltage.
REGULATION OF PLANT CELL GROWTH: THE CHANGING PERSPECTIVE

Summary This article outlines the main features of growth regulation by auxin and places them side-by-side with the physiological properties of fusicoccin. The fundamental role of the plasma membrane located H+/K+ ATPase in growth responses is examined and the information about this enzyme briefly reviewed. The effects of wounding on the activity of this enzyme are detailed and it is concluded that growth in excised tissue segments ceases not from lack of hormone but from impairment of ATPase function. An additional conclusion of major importance for hormone studies is reached; that is, that the experimentally-realized reactivation of growth by auxin in excised tissues represents largely an accelerated recovery from injury. Furthermore the calmodulin/Ca2+ system may be an essential intermediary in this recovery step. Finally, the major area of ignorance, predisposition to growth, is considered.
Quantum Capacitance in N-Polar GaN/AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures

We investigate the effects of quantum capacitance in an N-polar GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures by directly measuring quantum displacement of the electron wavefunction Δd. A comparison between electrically and microscopically measured thicknesses showed negative quantum displacement effects in the inverted high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) structure. As a result of the quantum capacitance effects, a quantum displacement Δd of ~ -4nm was extracted from the measurements. Further analysis using 1-D self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver has been done to validate the measured data. Our simulation results, including multiple-subband occupancy, explain the increasing capacitance in the measured C-V profile in N-polar GaN-based HEMTs.
Why are design derivations hard to replay

A derivational approach to learning and design, based on the notion of reusing a design by “replaying” an idealized history of design goals and decisions, has been touted for the past few years as a paradigm for both software and hardware redesign. However, the limited success of this approach to date suggests that it is less straightforward than it appears. Closer study reveals some difficulties that intelligent replay mechanisms will need to address.
A Retrofit Capacitive Sensing Occupancy Detector Using Fluorescent Lamps

This paper presents a retrofit system that exploits a fluorescent lamp's own stray electric fields for capacitive sensing. Occupancy detection for demand-side energy management is a key application. The experimental system demonstrates a detection range of 10 ft. between the lamp and the nearest edge of the occupant. A full system model is presented including the simulation of a lumped element capacitive model. The full system model is validated against experimental data.
Power system for NSTX upgrade

This The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has been designed and installed in the existing facilities at Princeton Plasma Physic Laboratory (PPPL). Most of the hardware, plant facilities, auxiliary sub-systems, and power systems originally used for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) have been used with suitable modifications to reflect NSTX needs. At present, the NSTX power system is feeding thirteen (13) circuits from the Power converters. An upgrade of the NSTX center stack is proposed. This entails a much higher Toroidal Field Current from 71.2kA to 129.8kA, and requires major configuration changes including doubling the number of parallel strings of rectifiers along with associated power loop changes. Also, three additional coils will be installed in the machine. The control and protection of the rectifiers have to be replaced to reflect state of the art features to enhance the performance. This paper describes the details of the proposed Power system for NSTX upgrade.
Iron lines from grbs: clues toward the progenitor

We investigate the currently most popular models of gamma{ray burst (GRB) progenitors in terms of potentially observable prompt or delayed X{ray spectral features. We focus on quasi{thermal X{ray line features from ejecta of a supernova related to the GRB. In the framework of the Hypernova/Collapsar model, delayed (a few days { several months after the GRB) bursts of line{dominated, thermal X{ray emission may be expected. The He{merger scenario predicts similar X{ray emission line bursts in the days following the the GRB. These X{ray signatures should be observable with Chandra and XMM out to rather large redshifts. Weak emission line features a few days after the GRB may also result from the supranova GRB scenario. In all three cases, signican t X{ray absorption features, in particular during the prompt GRB phase, are expected. No signican t X{ray spectral features result from compact{object binary mergers.
Thermostable Variants of Cocaine Esterase for Long-Time Protection against Cocaine Toxicity

Enhancing cocaine metabolism by administration of cocaine esterase (CocE) has been recognized as a promising treatment strategy for cocaine overdose and addiction, because CocE is the most efficient native enzyme for metabolizing the naturally occurring cocaine yet identified. A major obstacle to the clinical application of CocE is the thermoinstability of native CocE with a half-life of only a few minutes at physiological temperature (37°C). Here we report thermostable variants of CocE developed through rational design using a novel computational approach followed by in vitro and in vivo studies. This integrated computational-experimental effort has yielded a CocE variant with a ∼30-fold increase in plasma half-life both in vitro and in vivo. The novel design strategy can be used to develop thermostable mutants of any protein.
Numerical Simulation of Partial-depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Spalling

This paper describes the results of numerical simulations performed to investigate the spalling mechanism observed in several partial-depth precast prestressed concrete (PPC) bridge decks. Corrosion-induced cracking of prestressed steel reinforcement and panel butting were modeled using 2D finite element analysis to examine the nature of crack propagation that triggers the spalling effect observed. A parametric study was carried out on the basis of field observations from several bridges. FEM results showed that spalling is sensitive to side and bottom cover, and spacing of reinforcement attributable to bridging cracks. Findings indicate that the spalling mechanism is triggered by the presence of a critical bridging crack. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000254. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Bridge Decks; Precast concrete; Corrosion; Cracking; Finite element method; Simulation; Spalling. Author keywords: Bridge decks; Concrete; Corrosion; Cracking; Finite element simulation; Spalling.
Brodmann Area Analysis of White Matter Anisotropy and Age in Schizophrenia

Diffusion tensor and structural MRI images were acquired on ninety-six patients with schizophrenia (69 men and 27 women) between the ages of 18 and 79 (mean=39.83, SD=15.16 DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History). The patients reported a mean age of onset of 23 years (range=13-38, SD=6). Patients were divided into an acute subgroup (duration ≤3 years, n=25), and a chronic subgroup (duration >3 years, n=64). Ninety-three mentally normal comparison subjects were recruited; 55 men and 38 women between the ages of 18 and 82 (mean=35.77, SD=18.12). The MRI images were segmented by Brodmann area, and the fractional anisotropy (FA) for the white matter within each Brodmann area was calculated. The FA in white matter was decreased in patients with schizophrenia broadly across the entire brain, but to a greater extent in white matter underneath frontal, temporal and cingulate cortical areas. Both normals and patients with schizophrenia showed a decrease in anisotropy with age but patients with schizophrenia showed a significantly greater rate of decrease in FA in Brodmann area 10 bilaterally, 11 in the left hemisphere and 34 in the right hemisphere. When the effect of age was removed, patients ill more than three years showed lower anisotropy in frontal motor and cingulate white matter in comparison to acute patients ill three years or less, consistent with an ongoing progression of the illness.
Women Have a Lower Prevalence of Structural Heart Disease as a Precursor to Sudden Cardiac Arrest: The Ore-SUDS (Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study)

Objectives Our aim was to utilize a community-based approach to identify sex-related differences in risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Background There are significant sex-based differences in prevalence and manifestation of SCA. Any differences related to predictors of SCA in women versus men are likely to have implications for risk stratification and prevention. Methods The Ore-SUDS (Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study) is an ongoing prospective investigation of SCA in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area (population approximately 1 million). All cases meeting criteria for SCA were ascertained using multiple sources. Medical records were reviewed to identify clinical conditions that may contribute to SCA risk, and comparisons were made between male and female SCA cases using Pearson's chi-square tests for categorical variables, t tests for continuous variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results During 2002 to 2007, 1,568 adult SCA cases were identified (women 36% vs. men 64%; p Conclusions Women were significantly less likely than men to have a diagnosis of structural heart disease (LV dysfunction or coronary artery disease) before SCA. These findings suggest that fewer women may be eligible for prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement based on current guidelines and therefore may not have equal opportunity for prevention. Enhancement of SCA risk stratification may have even higher importance for women.
The distance from home: The domestication of desire in interior design manuals

In the Beacon Hill interior design showroom, sturdy and elegant pieces of furniture, tantalizingly grouped together, model a room within a home. Old books, baskets of bread and home magazines appoint the simulated living space like props on a stage. Next to an over-stuffed primitive print couch, I pick up the copy of Architectural Digest resting on a coffee table. On the cover, David Bowie stands in front of his Indonesian-style home located on the island of Mustique. Ten glossy pages of magazine photographs seize a nineteenth-century spirit of exoticism in Bowie's refuge; outside his house, Bowie, dressed in a sarong and woven hat, embraces his wife Iman, the Somalian model; inside, Bowie stands by the gilt Balinese-style living-room doors; the master bedroom displays a collection of nineteenth-century Egyptian revival furniture, and the guest bedroom shot reveals twin beds with a palm frond pattern silk screened onto the mosquito netting and the bed coverings. Surely this is the room where I would stay if David Bowie invited me to his home. The white mosquito netting flutters slightly as a cool breeze drifts through the french door. Exhausted from the Caribbean sun, I crawl under crisp cool sheets and take a nap until I am summoned for dinner.
A Material for Rapid Marking of Face Flies for Dispersal Studies

The movement of face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, adults has been found to be an important factor in their control on cattle (Wallace and Turner 1962). To study this factor, a material is needed that can be used to mark flies rapidly for release in the field. Falcs et al. (1964) described a method of hand painting the thorax of each adult with colored speed-ball inks. Marked flies could be spotted from a distance and the paint was long lasting, but this method is time consuming and only a limited number of flies can be marked.
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND CANCER MORTALITY IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION

In a nine-year follow-up of a southern California community of 2,852 men and women aged 60-79 years, systolic blood pressure was a significant predictor of subsequent cancer mortality in men. This effect was independent of age, antihypertensive medication, smoking, obesity, and plasma cholesterol. Trends in women were similar but not statistically significant. Compared with those still alive, higher initial systolic blood pressure levels were apparent in those who died of colon cancer, stomach cancer, and all other cancers combined except for lung and prostate cancer. Possible mechanisms for this association and the implications of the data with regard to the benefits of measures to treat high blood pressure or lower population distribution of blood pressure are discussed.
Beyond Basic Reading and Writing: The People’s House and the Political Literacy Education of the Student-Activists of the Black Liberation Front International, 1968-1975

In rhetoric and composition, much of the research on Black college students of the 1960’s and 1970’s has uncomplicatedly tied these students to basic writing historiography and left under-challenged the representational politics that positioned them as the products of open admissions and marked them as politically militant but underprepared and/or remedial in their literacy practices. Extending our purview beyond open admissions and basic writing, this article applies pressure to these disciplinary trends by turning to the extracurriculum and recovering the political literacies of the student-activists of the Black Liberation Front International (BLFI), a Black student organization at Michigan State University from 1968 to 1975. For Black students such as the BLFI activists, there were nonacademic political spaces that provided them with opportunities to learn and practice literacy for political aims. This article focuses on one of these sites of literacy education—a place the BLFI activists called The People’s House. Drawing upon archival research and oral history, the author recounts how the BLFI activists’ relationship with the Trinidadian intellectual C.L.R. James created the contexts for them to organize reading groups at The People’s House, where they developed a form of critical reading praxis that enhanced their abilities to engage reading as a political, rhetorical, and epistemic act. The collaborative writing the BLFI activists composed at The People’s House is also constructed as a site for translingual production, where they practiced how to use the linguistic and discursive resources they had available to them to attend to the rhetorical and material aspects of writing.
Understanding Consumers' Inferences from Price and Nonprice Information in the Online Lodging Purchase Decision

The sustained success of variable pricing for revenue management RM is dependent on the creation of appropriate price points at which to sell a given product offering. To date, few studies have considered the impact of nonprice information on consumer reaction to price, and none have investigated the relative weights that consumers assign to price and the nonprice information available to them during different phases of the purchase choice process. This exploratory study uses a combination of eye tracking and retrospective think-aloud RTA interviews to examine how consumers consider the price and nonprice content generated by the firm and the nonprice information generated by other consumers during two distinct phases of the online choice process: browsing and deliberation. This study's findings suggest that during browsing, firm-generated content appears to be very influential, particularly the image selected to represent the property in search results. Both firm-generated and user-generated content play a role in hotel choice during deliberation, with the interplay among several types of information being an important indication of value for consumers.
Assessment of brain retraction injury from tumor operation with ~(99 )Tc~m ECD brain SPECT imaging

Objective To evaluate the rCBF of brain retraction injury by 99 Tc m ECD SPECT imaging Methods The 99 Tc m ECD SPECT brain imaging was performed in 21 patients with brain tumor before and after operation To compare the rCBF of peripheral tumor region with that of retraction injury region by semi quantitative analysis The rCBF levels of the central and peripheral areas of brain retraction injury were also studied Results Both the peripheral tumor region before operation and retraction region after operation were ischemic, but the difference between them was significant (P0 01) The ischemia of central retraction areas was worse than that of peripheral retraction areas (P0 001) The rCBF was decreasing gradually from the periphery to the center of retraction For patients with postoperative hemiparalysis rCBF became higher when they recovered from hemiparalysis Conclusions 99 Tc m ECD SPECT brain imaging is a useful technique in detecting retraction injury come from brain tumor operation
The fasting research progress of children with selective surgery

The research status and progress on the fasting time of children undergoing selective surgery were reviewed. Previous researches showed that there existed a bad influence on children due to a long time of preoperative fasting and suggested preoperative fasting time should be shortened appropriately.The preoperative fasting 4-6h and drinking clear liquid 2h prior to surgery could improve the feelings of the children, ease discomfort, meet the needs of the body, ease thirst feeling and at the same time reduce the risk of dehydration in children and do not increase the incidence of vomiting and aspiration.
Human coronaviruses infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Beijing,2011-2012

Objective To understand the infection status of human coronaviruses( HCoVs) in patients with acute respiratory tract infection and epidemiological characteristics of HCoVs infection in Beijing. Methods From 2011 to2012,throat swabs or sputum samples were collected from the patients with acute respiratory tract infection in 5 sentinel hospitals in Beijing,the patients' basic information were collected too. All the samples were tested with RT-PCR using specific primers to detect HCoV. The positive amplicons were sequenced to identify the virus type. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17. 0. Results Twenty samples were HCoV positive in 1619 samples( 1. 24%),including 9 from the patients with upper respiratory tract infection( 1. 11%) and 11 from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections( 1. 36%). Among 20 positive samples,13 were OC43,6 were 229E,1 was NL63. The positive rate was higher in 2011( 1. 82%,14 /769) than in 2012( 0. 71%,6 /850),the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 4. 112,P = 0. 043),but the differences in monthly positive rates had no statistical significance. The age specific positive rate in age group 25-59 years was highest( 1. 96%,13 /663),followed by age group 0-4 years( 1. 92%,3 /208) and other age groups( 1%). The differences in age specific positive rates were statistically significant. The positive rates of OC43 in age groups 25-59 and 0-4 years were high,the difference had statistical significance( χ2= 5. 007,P = 0. 026). The difference in gender specific positive rate of HCoVs had no statistical significance. The differences in clinical symptoms caused by different types of HCoVs were not statistically significant. Conclusion During 2011-2012,HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were the predominant HCoVs in Beijing. The circulating type and related intensity varied with year but had no obvious seasonality. Infants / young children and adults are the risk populations of HCoVs infection,especially HCoV-OC43 infection. The differences in clinical symptoms caused by different types of HCoVs are not statistically significant.
The Clovis–Cumberland–Dalton Succession: Settling into the Midsouth United States during the Pleistocene to Holocene Transition

Considerable debate has recently focused on understanding the effects of the Younger Dryas (YD) on human behavioral adaptations throughout the Northern Hemisphere. It has been proposed that adverse paleoecological conditions in southeastern North America triggered a decline or substantial reorganization in human populations. The Tennessee Paleoindian biface data in the Paleoindian Database of the Americas is used here to assess transitions in behavioral adaptations during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition. Patterns in technological organization, land use, and toolstone selection do not support the hypothesis that paleoecological changes during the YD adversely affected human populations in the Midsouth. An alternative hypothesis is proposed and contends that changes in behavioral adaptations were a result of settling in processes associated with initial regional colonization and increased regionalization throughout the Pleistocene to Holocene transition.