cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE efficacy and safety of transantral ethmoidectomy

With the advent of new endoscopic instruments, rhinologists are reassessing and modifying ethmoidectomy techniques. Despite this renewed interest, the transantral ethmoidectomy has received little attention, even though this procedure has the advantages of avoiding an external incision, safely delineating the medial orbital wall, and simultaneously treating ethmoid and maxillary sinus disease. The present study compared 74 transantral ethmoidectomy procedures and 47 external ethmoidectomy procedures. The two groups of patients were comparable with respect to age and gender. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to blood loss. Complications were less frequent in the transantral group. Of the 97 patients treated for ethmoid sinusitis, outcome was more successful in the transantral group than in the external ethmoidectomy group when assessed by the need for additional medical or surgical treatment.
Temperature Errors in Weighing and their Control in the Mojonnier Fat Test

Summary Errors in Mojonnier fat tests may occur whenever the temperature of the room varies during the course of the analysis. Data are presented showing the magnitude of such errors. It would be preferable to circulate the water for a Mojonnier machine through an air-cooled radiator instead of through a reservoir. Data are given showing the advantages of such a device.
The effect of reduced salinity on osmoregulation and oxygen consumption in the lady crab, Ovalipes ocellatus (Herbst)

Abstract 1. 1. Otalipes ocellatus (Herbst) is an osmoconformer in salinities from 100% sea water down to 60% sea water. Mortality approaches 100% below this salinity. 2. 2. Crabs acclimated to 100% sea water show a reduced metabolic rate in dilute sea water. Crabs acclimated to dilute media for 6–8 days fail to show metabolic compensation. 3. 3. Crabs that are allowed to burrow in sand show a substantial reduction in oxygen consumption compared to crabs in water without sand. 4. 4. No trends in heart rate as a function of salinity are apparent.
A decomposition theory for matroids. II: Minimal violation matroids

Abstract Two decomposition theorems of Part I are utilized to characterize minimal violation matroids of matroid properties that possess certain composition and extension properties. Graphicness, planarity, and regularity have all or almost all of the desired composition and extension properties, and rather simple arguments produce the well-known minimal violation matroids.
Novel 2D RuPt core-edge nanocluster catalyst for CO electro-oxidation

Abstract A single layer, bi-metallic RuPt catalyst on Au(111) is synthesized using surface limited red-ox replacement of underpotentially deposited Cu and Pb monolayers though a two-step process. The resulting 2D RuPt monolayer nanoclusters have a unique core-edge structure with a Ru core and Pt at the edge along the perimeter. The activity of this catalyst is evaluated using CO monolayer oxidation as the probe reaction. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that the 2D RuPt core-edge catalyst morphology is significantly more active than either Pt or Ru monolayer catalysts. Density functional theory calculations in combination with infra-red spectroscopy data point towards oscillating variations (ripples) in the adsorption energy landscape along the radial direction of the Ru core as the origin of the observed behavior. Both, CO and OH experience a thermodynamic driving force for surface migration towards the Ru-Pt interface, where they adsorb most strongly and react rapidly. We propose that the complex interplay between epitaxial strain, ligand and finite size effects is responsible for the formation of the rippled RuPt monolayer cluster, which provides optimal conditions for a quasi-ideal bi-functional mechanism for CO oxidation, in which CO is adsorbed mainly on Pt, and Ru provides OH to the active Pt-Ru interface.
Exploiting Inate Motor Dynamics for High Stiffness Haptic Display on Brushless DC Motors

The maximum stiffness that can be rendered by impedance-controlled haptic devices has traditionally been limited by quantization, discretization, and delay in the digital loop. Recent research has shown that performance can be improved by utilizing the natural inductive stiffness inherent in brushed DC motors. This study extends the concept of exploiting a motor’s dynamics to the three phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor. It is analytically shown that the inductances of a BLDC motor’s windings map to a high physical stiffness. This stiffness is made available at frequencies important to haptic interaction by cancelling the resistance in each winding with analog feedback, effectively slowing the motor’s electrical dynamics. Experimental verification is obtained by implementing the proposed spring drive in analog circuitry in combination with a digital position feedback loop. The final results support the analytic solution and compare the spring drive favorably with traditional current and voltage drives for haptic applications.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Unilateral oophorectomy results in compensatory follicular recruitment in the remaining ovary at time of ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.

Objective To assess the effect of unilateral oophorectomy (UO) by assessing ovarian reserve (OVR) and the response to gonadotropin stimulation in women with UO undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared with the response of the ipsilateral ovary of women without UO. Design Historical cohort study. Setting Academic fertility clinic. Patient(s) Fifty-one women with single ovary compared with a referent group with both ovaries in a 1:2 fashion. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and antral follicle counts as measures of OVR, and IVF outcomes including number of follicles aspirated and oocytes retrieved. Result(s) The baseline demographics and serum markers of OVR were not different. Referent women had greater follicular yield and oocyte numbers when compared with women with UO; however, when compared with the ipsilateral ovary of the referents, women with UO had a higher antral follicle count and greater follicle and oocyte numbers. In multivariate analyses, the ovary from women with UO was more likely to yield more than the median number of follicles and oocytes than the ipsilateral ovary in referent women. Live-birth rates in both groups were similar. Conclusion(s) Our results suggest that the remaining ovary appears to compensate in follicular yield after UO in women, confirming the animal data. Women with UO can be reassured and appropriately counseled regarding IVF.
QUESTS: An Urban University Outdoor Experience Orientation Program As A Retention Vehicle

According to Tinto's (1993) theory of student departure model or Astin's (1984) theory of involvement, integration and involvement in the university community are key elements to student retention. A pilot orientation program/learning community, Quests was started during the summer of 2008 as a means of increasing revenue at Wayne State University's recreation center. However, with the support of the College of Education, and collaborative efforts of faculty members from the Department of Communication, the College of Education, and the staff of the recreation center, Quests was focused to become an alternative orientation/learning community experience for incoming freshman students at the urban institution.
Rac GTPases in erythroid biology.

Les GTPases Racl et Rac2, membres de la famille des GTPases Rho, controlent l'organisation de l'actine et jouent des roles distincts et complementaires dans l'hematopoiese et dans le fonctionnement des cellules sanguines de toutes lignees. Ici, nous passons en revue nos conclusions sur le role des GTPases Rac dans les cellules erythroides, en utilisant le gene-cible conditionnel chez la souris. Le manque de Rac1 et Rac2 resulte en l'anemie avec reticulocytose, indiquant une diminution de survie des erythrocytes, un assemblage modifiee de l'actine dans le squelette de la membrane des erythrocytes, et une diminution de la deformabilite des erythrocytes. Les progeniteurs megacaryocytes-erythrocytaires Rac1 -/- ; Rac2 -/- demontrent une diminution de proliferation dans la moelle osseuse, mais une survie et une proliferation augmentee dans la rate, ce qui indique que l'erythropoiese de stress contourne le manque des GTPases Rac. L'elucidation des voies de signalisation controlees par les GTPases Rac dans les cellules erythroides peut reveler des cibles therapeutiques potentielles pour des maladies caracterisees par une anemie hemolytique et des troubles de l'erythropoiese.
The interchange or pump (di)lemmas for context-free languages

Abstract In this paper we compare the interchange condition of Ogden, Ross and Winklmann to various pumping conditions: the classic pumping condition, Ogden's condition, generalized Ogden's condition, linear versions of the above conditions and the Sokolowski-type conditions. In addition, we formulate an interchange condition for linear context-free languages and compare it with the other conditions. Our results show that the interchange conditions are incomparable with the various pumping conditions, they are strictly stronger than Sokolowski's condition, and are incomparable to the extended Sokolowski's condition.
Role of the podiatrist in diabetic limb salvage

Podiatrists play an important role in the multidisciplinary team in diabetic limb salvage. Podiatry is a specialty that is licensed in the diagnoses and treatment of pathologies of the foot and ankle. The treatment includes both conservative and surgical modalities. Understanding the biomechanics of the lower extremity is principally emphasized in the education and training of a podiatrist. This is particularly important in the context of the diabetic foot where biomechanical abnormalities often precede ulcer development. Preventive ulcer development strategies employed by a podiatrist include regular monitoring, routine care of calluses, and insert/shoe recommendations. Further, clinic-based ulcer care as well as surgery that include prophylactic and acute intervention can translate to the preservation of a functional limb. Finally, continuous podiatric management can prevent ulcer recurrence through offloading strategies and diabetic foot education.
Melting, premelting, and structural transitions in size-selected aluminum clusters with around 55 atoms

Heat capacities have been determined for unsupported aluminum clusters, $\mathrm{Al}_{49}{}^{+}--\mathrm{Al}_{63}{}^{+}$, from 150 to 1050 K. Peaks in the heat capacities due to melting occur between 450 and 650 K (well below the bulk melting point of 933 K). The peaks for $\mathrm{Al}_{51}{}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{Al}_{52}{}^{+}$ are bimodal, suggesting the presence of a premelting transition where the surface of the clusters melts around 100 K before the core. For clusters with $ng55$ the melting temperatures suddenly drop, and there is a dip in the heat capacities due to a transition between two solid forms before the clusters melt.
First developmental signs of the scolopale (glial) cell and neuron comprising the chordotonal organ in the Drosophila embryo

The chordotonal (scolopidial) organ is a segmental stretch receptor (proprioceptor) and a four-celled organ of the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila. This organ has become a model in studies of embryogenesis involving molecular genetics and developmental biology. We determined how three glial cells and a bipolar neuron (the chordotonal organ) develop and assemble to become a sensitive stretch receptor. Our focus was on the scolopale cell-neuron association which is the core of this organ. The first anatomical appearance of these developing organs appears in Stage 12 embryos: a central fissure forms in the scolopale cell and two intracellular adherence loci redirect the cleft to wall off a cylindrical sector. This portion hollows out and the dendrite of a sensory neuron enters the cavity. Cytoplasmic walls of the cylinder then regress to leave a more prominent lymph space, within which is the cilary portion of the sensory dendrite. A cap (glial) cell then covers and connects the distal portion of the scolopale-neuron pair. Chordotonal organs are formed in about two hours and assembled throughout Stages 13 to 15. We have drawn schematics of these developmental phases with the resultant four-celled organ. Lanthanum tracer in the embryonic hemocoel never gained access to the neuron housed by the scolopale cell. Thus a blood-nerve barrier forms as early as Stage 13 in the peripheral nervous system. Paracellular clefts, sealed by occlusive septate junctions between accessory (glial) cells, are the probable basis for barrier properties.
Dubbing in the translation classroom

Abstract Despite being a commercially viable field, and one in which trained and experienced translators could and should play a role, dubbing has largely been neglected as a translation genre and as a tool for the teaching of translation. Like other translation genres, dubbing deserves a place in the translation curriculum. This article surveys the development of the genre and discusses its linguistic and cultural implications. Dubbing raises many interesting questions, which provide the basis for the teaching unit included in this article. In addition, by allusion to dubbing, general principles, not only of translation but also of linguistics, can be discussed, while the combination of textual and visual material compels a unique approach to translation. The textual cannot supersede the visual, but both must be in concordance.
Minimum-Energy Operation Via Error Resiliency

Error resiliency has demonstrated significant robustness and energy benefits in superthreshold performance-constrained applications (Shanbhag, Proc. Des. Autom. Conf., Jun. 2010). In this letter, we study the impact of error resiliency, in particular algorithmic-noise tolerance (ANT) (Hedge and Shanbhag, IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 813-823, Dec. 2001), in subthreshold energy-constrained applications where designs are operated at their minimum-energy operating point (MEOP) and error resiliency is still under-explored. We show that the MEOP in subthreshold designs can be further lowered by employing frequency overscaling (FOS) or voltage overscaling (VOS) and ANT to correct for intermittent timing errors. We demonstrate a 26% reduction in the total energy of an ANT-based filter in a commercial 130-nm CMOS process along with increased robustness to voltage variations.
Evacuation Decision Making and Behavioral Responses: Individual and Household

Researchers have examined a wide range of factors that affect evacuation decisions after people hear hurricane forecasts and other information. This review of the literature focuses on three broad areas of research that often overlap: warning, risk perception, and evacuation research. Whereas it is challenging to demarcate the literature along these lines, we believe each of these areas represents important dimensions of evacuation decision making. The literature on warning focuses to varying degrees on warning as a social process, rather than a simple result of hearing official warnings. Warnings by themselves do not motivate evacuation — people must perceive risk. The extensive literature on objective and subjective processes in risk perception has to be evaluated. The review concludes with a focus on some important work in modeling evacuation and evacuation decision-making. Finally, we present recommendations for future research that draws on the strength of earlier work while focusing more directly on risk, the information included in hurricane forecasts, and the timing of those forecasts.
Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein Effects in Vacuum Oscillations

We point out that for solar neutrino oscillations with the mass-squared difference of {Delta}m{sup 2} {approx} 10{sup -10} - 10{sup -9} eV{sup 2}, traditionally known as ''vacuum oscillation'' range, the solar matter effects are non-negligible, particularly for the low energy pp neutrinos. One consequence of this is that the values of the mixing angle {theta} and {pi}/2 - {theta} are not equivalent, leading to the need to consider the entire physical range of the mixing angle 0 {le} {theta} {le} {pi}/2 when determining the allowed values of the neutrino oscillation parameters.
Ten signs of a good reuse management plan

A Reuse Management Plan defines the strategy for selecting, approving and upgrading common reusable software components The SEI, in conjunction with the U.S. Army, the Boeing Company, and the Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering, is developing a Reuse Management Plan for a large Army program. Ten critical features of quality Reuse Management Plans have been identified and are presented.
Interactive models for teaching digital signal processing

Advances in signal processing theory and its multi-domain applications make it increasingly difficult for educators to teach abstract mathematical concepts as well as illustrate their relevance in real-world system design in a single course. The advent of block-based design and simulation technologies like Simulink® enables educators to develop and employ visual and interactive models of real-world signal processing systems to meet the corresponding challenges. This paper discusses the design and integration of Simulink based interactive models in lectures and related activities in a typical Digital Signal Processing (DSP) course.
A Two-Pole Two-Zero Tunable Filter With Improved Linearity

Two miniaturized tunable filters with two zeros to result in sharp skirts were developed at 1.4-2.0 GHz on epsivr=6.15 substrate. The filters were built using single and back-to-back varactor diodes and compared for linearity characteristics. The single-diode filter has a 1-dB bandwidth of 5plusmn0.5% and an insertion loss of 2.5-1.8 dB. The back-to-back diode filter has a 1-dB bandwidth of 4.9 plusmn0.5% and an insertion loss of 2.9-1.25 dB (resonator Q of 56-125). The back-to-back diode filter was designed for improved linearity characteristics using two uniformly doped varactor diode and biased with a high impedance circuit. A detailed Volterra series analysis is done on the back-to-back diode including the effect of the bias network and diode mismatches. The measured IIP3 for the back-to-back diode tunable filter is 22-41 dBm depending on the bias voltage and is 13-15 dB better than the single-diode design. The power handling capabilities of both designs is explored using large-signal S 21 measurements. To our knowledge, these planar tunable filters represent state-of-the-art insertion loss and linearity characteristics performance with varactor diodes as the tuning elements.
Bidirectional reflectance and polarization measurements on packed surfaces of benthic sediments and spherical particles.

Laboratory bidirectional reflectance and polarization measurements were carried out on packed layers of both natural sediments and manufactured spherical particles. The results indicate that among the natural sediments showing a strong backscattering peak (“hotspot”), the rough platelets are the only sediments with a branch of negative polarization. Measurements of circular and linear polarization ratios indicate that both smooth ooids and rough platelets are strongly depolarizing. Measurements of perfect spherical grains show both negative polarization and strong backscattering as a remnant of the single scattering process.
Lobe Balancing Design Method to Create Frozen Sonic Booms Using Aircraft Components

As a sonic boom pressure signal propagates through the atmosphere, the age variable that quantifies nonlinear distortions approaches an asymptotic limit. As this limit is approached, distortion of the pressure signal decreases until it is “frozen.” For an aircraft at 51,000 ft and Mach 1.7, the age variable is still 24% away from this limit. Alternatively, a sonic boom may be frozen by balancing lobes in the F function. Software, based on modified linear theory, is used to design an supersonic business jet that uses lifting components to create a lobe-balanced sonic boom. Leading and trailing shock pressure rise, peak overpressure, and perceived level of loudness are evaluated for a several configurations. In one case, the leading shock is reduced from1.4 to 0.83 psf, and in another, the trailing shock is reduced from 1.2 to 0.87 psf. The software also calculates performance metrics to ensure reasonable longitudinal stability and performance. Off-track signatures demonstrate multishock sonic booms to the sides. Sonic booms are compared with computational fluid dynamics to demonstrate the accuracy of the method.
Interaction of the 5'-ends of 28S RNA in dimerization of hamster ribosomes.

Free ribosomes extracted from hamster cells and 28S RNA purified from these ribosomes are known to form dimers. We find that spleen phosphodiesterase inhibits ribosomal dimer formation, but only when a free 5′-hydroxyl end group, produced by the action of alkaline phosphatase, is present. Hence, formation of dimer ribosomes probably involves interaction at or near the phosphorylated 5′-ends of 28S RNA. Dimer RNA molecules show a modal length, when measured on electron micrographs, of 2.1μm, which is about double the length of 28S RNA. Electron micrographs of 115S dimer ribosomes often show profiles consistent with our interpretation that in dimers the 28S RNA chains are loosely linked by their 5′-ends.
Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates

Abstract A generalized methodology, relevant for a wide variety of shoreline change analyses, is developed to estimate the horizontal offset between proxy-based high water line (HWL) type shorelines and datum-based mean high water (MHW) type shorelines. The ability to compute this term is critical for change analyses that incorporate variously defined and derived shoreline estimates because this horizontal offset nearly always acts in one direction; HWL shorelines are landward of MHW shorelines. Not accounting for this offset will cause shoreline change rates to be biased toward slower shoreline retreat, progradation rather than retreat, or faster progradation than in reality (for the typical case where datum-based shorelines are collected after proxy-based shorelines), depending on actual changes at a given site. It is also demonstrated that by computing the uncertainty associated with this proxy datum shoreline bias, we are quantifying, for the first time, the uncertainty of HWL shorelines due to water ...
A control-to-target architecture for process control

In this paper, we present an architecture for a run-to-run supervisory process control system that allows the engineer to tailor the form of control for specific processes. The architecture supports different degrees of control, from model-based control to statistical process control to diagnosis. The architecture is compatible with different techniques for model optimization, data acquisition and analysis, and model adjustment and feedback. A primary feature of this architecture is that engineers can define processes In terms of their desired effects, and use process models that transform those effects into machine settings. We have used object technology as the basis for our design and implementation of the architecture. Object-oriented modeling provides the flexibility required to support the varying degrees of control required in a large-scale manufacturing facility. In this paper, we define the components of the architecture, and describe in detail a process control system that was built with this architecture and used in the Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM) system built for the Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) demonstration facility. Although the architecture was developed for the purpose of controlling semiconductor manufacturing processes, the principles behind the architecture may be applied to the control of any process. >
Modifying Pro-Drug Risk Factors in Adolescents: Results From Project ALERT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a revised state-of-the-art drug prevention program, Project ALERT, on risk factors for drug use in mostly rural midwestern schools and communities. Fifty-five middle schools from South Dakota were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions. Treatment-group students received 11 lessons in Grade 7 and 3 more in Grade 8. Effects for 4276 eighth graders were assessed 18 months after baseline. Results indicate that Project ALERT had statistically significant effects on all the targeted risk factors associated with cigarette and marijuana use and more modest gains with the pro-alcohol risk factors. The program helped adolescents at low, moderate, and high risk for future use, with the effect sizes typically stronger for the low- and moderate-risk groups. Thus, school-based drug prevention programs can lower risk factors that correlate with drug use, help low- to high-risk adolescents, and be effective in diverse school environments.
Age and history of cardiac disease as risk factors for cardiac complications after peripheral vascular surgery in diabetic patients.

Objective To examine the relationship of age and clinical factors to postoperative cardiovascular events in a cohort of diabetic patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. Patients and Methods In this cohort study, 316 diabetic patients were followed up prospectively after femoral-to-distal artery bypass surgery. The major end points of the study were all-cause mortality and cardiac morbidity (cardiac events defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and congestive heart failure). Results The overall postoperative cardiac event rate was 17.1% (54/316), with a 7.6% (24/316) rate of postoperative death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Older diabetic patients (≥65 years) had a complication rate of 19.9% (43/216) compared with an 11.0% (11/100) complication rate in younger diabetic patients ( P =.02). Younger diabetic patients with a clinical history of coronary artery disease had an event rate of 18.2% (39/216) compared with an event rate of 2.4% (1/42) in younger diabetic patients without known cardiac disease ( P =.02). In contrast, event rates were similar (20.7% [150/208] vs 18.2% [66/108]) in older diabetic patients with or without prior evidence of cardiac disease. Conclusions Advanced age and clinical evidence of coronary artery disease are important determinants of postoperative outcome in diabetic patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery.
Saturation throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs for a lossy channel

We present a way to estimate the saturation throughput of IEEE 802.11 for a lossy channel. The analysis is based on a new concept of virtual slot, which is used to model the dependence of a station's MAC state on the channel. Simulation results show that the analysis accurately predicts the saturation throughput in DCF mode.
Regulation of enzymes of urea and arginine synthesis.

INTRODUCTION 8 1 UREA CYCLE ENZYMES I N LIVER 84 Responses to Diet 84 Hor monal Regulation 85 ARGININE BIOSYNTHETIC ENZyMES 87 Smal Intestine 87 Kidney 88 Cult ured Cells 89 TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL MECHANISMS 90 CONCLUDING RE MARKS 94
Renal sympathetic nerve regulation to heating is altered in rats with heart failure

Heart failure (HF) alters the regulation of basal sympathetic nerve discharge (SND); however, the effect of HF on SND responses to acute stress is not well established. In the present study, renal ...
Introduction to the Oxford Guide to Treaties

From trade relations to greenhouse gasses, from shipwrecks to cybercrime, treaties structure the rights and obligations of states, international organizations, and individuals. For centuries, treaties have regulated relations among nation states. Today, they are the dominant source of international law. Thus, being adept with treaties and international agreements is an indispensable skill for anyone engaged in international relations, including international lawyers, diplomats, international organization officials, and representatives of non-governmental organizations. This Introduction introduces readers to the Oxford Guide to Treaties, a volume that seeks to provide a comprehensive review of the rules and practices surrounding the making, interpretation, and operation of these instruments. Leading experts provide essays designed to introduce the law of treaties and offer practical insights into how treaties actually work. Foundational issues are covered, including what treaties are and when they should be used, alongside detailed analyses of treaty formation, application, interpretation, and exit. Special issues associated with treaties involving the European Union and other international organizations are also addressed. These scholarly treatments are complimented by a set of model treaty clauses. Real examples illustrate the approaches treaty-makers can take on topics such as entry into force, languages, reservations, and amendments. The Oxford Guide to Treaties thus provides an authoritative reference point for anyone involved in the creation or interpretation of treaties or other forms of international agreement.
California’s Electricity Crisis

Skyrocketing wholesale power prices in California and the daily threat of brownouts and blackouts have cast a pall over the merits of electricity deregulation. Liberals, led by California’s governor, Gray Davis, blame the restructuring law passed in 1996 for the crisis, arguing that it left the state vulnerable to market manipulation by greedy power producers. According to Davis, the crisis is largely artificial but nonetheless a harbinger of things to come, not only in national electricity markets, but also in industries throughout the economy if we continue our mad rush toward laissez faire.
Pragmatic Contradiction as Irrational Speech

It's important to notice two things here: the fact of uttering or offering the position, and that the contradiction is pragmatic?involving action. The uttering is itself an act, a "practical" matter. The contradiction does not lie in the statement or between it and another statement. Rather, it lies be tween the statement's meaning and the fact that it is uttered to others. In logical contradiction or verbal inconsistency, there is opposition between the form or meaning of two things said. A statement (or proposition) is both asserted and denied.2 In pragmatic contradiction, however, the content or meaning of what the individual says is contradicted by the act of speaking it. This is because the very act of speaking presupposes something about meaningful speech which the utterance repudiates. Thus, the individual contradicts conditions of coherent, meaningful speech when he commends the Cyrenaic way of life to others. To take anything seriously, including the Cyrenaic's suggestion, presupposes the very concern for the future which the Cyrenaic advises against. The sort of pragmatic contradiction the Cyrenaic commits evidences a kind of irrationality, an irrationality which comes to light only when the practical context is taken into account.
Abstract 1114: IGF-II regulates the expression of estrogen receptor beta 5: Role in the survival disparity between African-American and Caucasian women with breast cancer

African American (AA) women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage of the disease, have a higher recurrence rate and a poorer prognosis than Caucasian (CA) women. African American women are more often diagnosed with high-grade breast tumors at an earlier age most of which are negative for the estrogen and progesterone receptors. These factors result in a higher mortality rate among AA patients. This survival disparity can be attributed to socieconomic status and other related factors, however there are biological factors that may also be involved. The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) plays a crucial role in fetal and cancer development by signaling through the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), the insulin receptor (InsR) and crosstalk with the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α). Compared to CA women, AA women have an increased level of proIGF-II expression in breast tissues and higher signaling activation through the IGF-1 and InsRs. Since the estrogen receptor beta (ER-β) is also expressed in a majority of breast cancers we propose that IGF-II may also activate the ER-β signaling pathway. ER-β has 5 isoforms of which ER-β5 is the most abundantly expressed among AA women with breast cancer and it is associated with a poor prognosis and decreased survival. Thus, our hypothesis is that IGF-II activation of the ER-β5 contributes to the survival disparity between AA women and CA women. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the expression of ER-β5 in AA and CA breast cancer cell lines by western blot, siRNA analysis and IGF-II stimulation. IGF-II not only modulated the phosphorylation of ER-β5, but it also promoted the translocation of ER-β5 to different organelles. Thus, we conclude that ER-β5 may contribute to the survival disparity among AA breast cancer patients since ER-β5 impairs the inhibitory effect of other ER-β isoforms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1114
Use of small-angle X-ray scattering to investigate the structure and function of dengue virus NS3 and NS5.

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful reemerging biophysical technique that can be used to directly analyze many properties related to the size and shape of a macromolecule in solution. For example, the radius of gyration and maximum diameter of a macromolecule can be readily extracted from SAXS data, as can information regarding how well folded a protein is. Similarly, the molecular weight of macromolecular complexes can be directly determined from the complex's scattering profile, providing insight into the oligomeric state and stoichiometry of the assembly. Furthermore, recently developed procedures for ab initio shape determination can provide low-resolution (~20 A) molecular envelopes of proteins/complexes in their native state. In conjunction with high-resolution structural data, more sophisticated analysis of SAXS data can help address questions regarding conformational change, molecular flexibility, and populations of states within molecular ensembles. Because SAXS samples are easy to prepare and SAXS data is relatively easy to collect, the technique holds great promise for investigating the structure of macromolecules and their assemblies as well as monitoring and modeling their conformational changes. Here we describe typical steps in SAXS sample preparation and data collection and analysis and provide examples of SAXS analysis to investigate the structure and function of dengue virus NS3 and NS5.
Robustness of remote stress detection from visible spectrum recordings

In our recent work, we have shown that it is possible to extract high fidelity timing information of the cardiac pulse wave from visible spectrum videos, which can then be used as a basis for stress detection. In that approach, we used both heart rate variability (HRV) metrics and the differential pulse transit time (dPTT) as indicators of the presence of stress. One of the main concerns in this analysis is its robustness in the presence of noise, as the remotely acquired signal that we call blood wave (BW) signal is degraded with respect to the signal acquired using contact sensors. In this work, we discuss the robustness of our metrics in the presence of multiplicative noise. Specifically, we study the effects of subtle motion due to respiration and changes in illumination levels due to light flickering on the BW signal, the HRV-driven features, and the dPTT. Our sensitivity study involved both Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data from human facial videos, and indicates that our metrics are robust even under moderate amounts of noise. Generated results will help the remote stress detection community with developing requirements for visual spectrum based stress detection systems.
Primary care role in preventing occupational and environmental respiratory disease

Occupational and environmental respiratory disease is relatively common and is usually of great significance for the individual and the broader community. With proper evaluation of both the individual and the exposure site, a specific diagnosis can be established or ruled out during the early stages. Primary care physicians are vital for the early diagnosis of occupational and environmental respiratory disease in individual patients and in populations. Furthermore, primary care practitioners may have a significant role in formal group-based medical surveillance programs for respiratory disease. In addition to diagnosing and treating such disorders, there is a major role for rational and effective counseling of individuals and communities about possible effects of agents ranging from air pollution to zeroconium. In such instances, objective data communicated in language that is easily understood can be invaluable.
Derivatives-hedging, risk allocation and the cost of debt: Evidence from bank holding companies

Abstract We investigate the association between derivatives-hedging and the cost of debt in publicly-traded bank holding companies (BHCs) and test the risk-allocation effect of derivatives-hedging using the 2007–2009 financial crisis as a quasi-experiment. Consistent with Froot and Stein (1998) and Schrand and Unal (1998) , we find evidence supporting the risk allocation hypothesis in BHCs. Banks reduce their exposure to tradable risk (e.g., interest rate and exchange rate risks) via derivatives-hedging and simultaneously extend more loans and take greater credit risk in lending (their main area of expertise) in order to earn higher economic rents. The risk allocation strategy is associated with an increase in overall bank risk, measured by the cost of debt, during the non-crisis periods but its dynamics breaks down during the financial crisis of 2007–2009, resulting in a negative relationship between derivatives-hedging and the cost of debt.
Relationships between classical factors, social factors and box office collections

Every year the number of movie produced and released surpass the previous year's count and so do the total box office collections. So in this quality centric industry, it becomes imperative that the movie succeeds both in terms of box office collections and critical reviews and also renders profit. Due to advent of predictive analytics and big data generated through various social interactions, models to predict accurately the total gross of a movie can be devised, which eventually help the movie studio by giving constructive feedback both in pre-production and post-production phase. So the availability of this data gathered from various social platforms like IMDb, YouTube and Wikipedia can help to gauge the society's reaction and response towards a particular movie. It can also foretell a society's anticipation towards a particular movie. In this paper, we have built predictive models by establishing links between classical features, social media features and the overall success of the movie which includes total box office collection and the critics rating or review. The results show that the prediction model built using integration of classical as well as social factors can achieve higher accuracy rate.
Value of EEG in Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal

The prognostic value of the EEG in 120 seizure-free epileptic patients, during and after antiepileptic drug withdrawal, was analyzed at the Department of Neurology, University of Bologna, Italy.
New dimensions in animal communication: the case for complexity

Animal communication has multiple dimensions of complexity — signals may be variable over time and space; signals may have multiple components interacting with each other and with the receivers’ perceptual and cognitive systems; and signalers and receivers may adjust their behavior with changes in their environment. There is an increasing appreciation that understanding animal communication — especially the diversity of signal form — requires us to examine complexity per se. We review recent methods and conceptual frameworks that address the complexity of communication with a specific focus on new developments in quantifying and explaining signal variation, new advances in understanding receiver psychology, including perceptual and cognitive biases, and new unifying frameworks, such as systems theory, which provide a holistic view of complex communication systems.
Learning lessons about ethics

To what extent should a formal education in ethics be part of the university physics curriculum? When this question is raised in the physics community, the response is often that there is no significant problem with fraud in physics, and hence that including ethics in the curriculum is unnecessary. Even raising the question is viewed by some as a waste of time at best and insulting at worst. I would argue, however, that such a response takes an overly narrow view of the role of ethics in physics.
Recall of E-cigarette Advertisements and Adolescent E-cigarette Use.

Objective We examined the impact of e-cigarette advertising on e-cigarette use behaviors among youth over time. Methods At baseline, 3907 students participated in a youth tobacco surveillance study from 2014-2015 and 2488 students completed a 6-month follow-up. Weighted logistic regression models investigated the recall of e-cigarette advertisements (TV/radio/billboards/retail/Internet) as a risk factor for e-cigarette perceived harm, use, and susceptibility. Results The odds of ever e-cigarette use was 3 times higher (AOR=2.99; 95% CI, 1.50-5.97) at 6-month follow-up among e-cigarette never-users who recalled e-cigarette advertisements in retail stores at baseline, compared to those who did not. Likewise, the odds of current e-cigarette use and susceptibility to e-cigarette use at 6-month follow-up were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.11-3.72) and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.20-2.61), respectively. Additionally, recall of e-cigarette advertisements on the Internet at baseline was significantly related to current use (AOR=2.17; 95% CI, 1.05-4.48) and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes (AOR=1.72;95% CI, 1.15-2.58) at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Recall of e-cigarette advertisements at point-of-sale and on the Internet was significantly associated with adolescent e-cigarette susceptibility and use, which supports the need to minimize adolescent exposure to these advertisements.
CHAPTER 54 – Inherited Thrombocytopenias

Thrombocytopenia is a fairly common hematological problem. However, rather than an inherited thrombocytopenia, a patient at any age is far more likely to have an acquired form of thrombocytopenia as a result of autoimmune disease, increased platelet consumption, bone marrow suppression, or bone marrow failure. For example, the incidence of acquired, immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is between 4 and 5 per 10,000 children per year1,2 (see Chapter 46). Less than 5% of patients presenting with a chief complaint of thrombocytopenia have an inherited disorder. Two important clues to inherited thrombocytopenias are its chronicity/ duration of symptoms and other associated symptoms or signs.
PRODIGEN: visualizing the probability landscape of stochastic gene regulatory networks in state and time space

Visualizing the complex probability landscape of stochastic gene regulatory networks can further biologists’ understanding of phenotypic behavior associated with specific genes. We present PRODIGEN (PRObability DIstribution of GEne Networks), a web-based visual analysis tool for the systematic exploration of probability distributions over simulation time and state space in such networks. PRODIGEN was designed in collaboration with bioinformaticians who research stochastic gene networks. The analysis tool combines in a novel way existing, expanded, and new visual encodings to capture the time-varying characteristics of probability distributions: spaghetti plots over one dimensional projection, heatmaps of distributions over 2D projections, enhanced with overlaid time curves to display temporal changes, and novel individual glyphs of state information corresponding to particular peaks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the tool through two case studies on the computed probabilistic landscape of a gene regulatory network and of a toggle-switch network. Domain expert feedback indicates that our visual approach can help biologists: 1) visualize probabilities of stable states, 2) explore the temporal probability distributions, and 3) discover small peaks in the probability landscape that have potential relation to specific diseases.
Nutritive value of methane fermentation residue in diets fed to feedlot steers.

Nutritive value of the methane fermentation residue (MFR) from the effluent of a large scale thermophilic methane generator was determined in diets fed to feedlot steers. The MFR contained 22.2% dry matter and 21.9% crude protein (dry basis). Two diets containing 10.6% (dry basis) MFR were formulated using the Urea Fermentation Potential (UFP) system such that in one diet N was in excess (-1.6 UFP) while in the other diet energy was in excess (+2.6 UFP). These two diets were compared in a California Net Energy trial with a feedlot diet (-.3 UFP) containing the same ingredients except the MFR. Six steers were fed in a replicated 3(2) Latin square metabolism trial and 70 steers were fed in a 118-d comparative-slaughter, feedlot trial. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, ash, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and metabolizable energy were depressed (all P less than .05) in the MFR-containing diets. Steers fed the MFR-containing diets had lower (P less than .05) rates of gain and increased (P less than .05) feed requirements per unit gain. Net energies for maintenance and gain were slightly lower for the MFR-containing diets than the control diet. Crude protein digestibility for themore » MFR calculated by difference, for the -UFP and the +UFP diets were 37.8 and 50.7%, while corresponding values for TDN were 28.8 and 12.8%, respectively. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in kidney, liver and muscle as well as flavor and tenderness of steaks were not affected by feeding MFR.« less
Stable fractional Chebyshev differentiation matrix for the numerical solution of multi-order fractional differential equations

This paper presents an algorithm to obtain numerically stable differentiation matrices for approximating the left- and right-sided Caputo-fractional derivatives. The proposed differentiation matrices named fractional Chebyshev differentiation matrices are obtained using stable recurrence relations at the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto points. These stable recurrence relations overcome previous limitations of the conventional methods such as the size of fractional differentiation matrices due to the exponential growth of round-off errors. Fractional Chebyshev collocation method as a framework for solving fractional differential equations with multi-order Caputo derivatives is also presented. The numerical stability of spectral methods for linear fractional-order differential equations (FDEs) is studied by using the proposed framework. Furthermore, the proposed fractional Chebyshev differentiation matrices obtain the fractional-order derivative of a function with spectral convergence. Therefore, they can be used in various spectral collocation methods to solve a system of linear or nonlinear multi-ordered FDEs. To illustrate the true advantages of the proposed fractional Chebyshev differentiation matrices, the numerical solutions of a linear FDE with a highly oscillatory solution, a stiff nonlinear FDE, and a fractional chaotic system are given. In the first, second, and forth examples, a comparison is made with the solution obtained by the proposed method and the one obtained by the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. It is shown the proposed fractional differentiation matrices are highly efficient in solving all the aforementioned examples.