cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth of hexagonal boron nitride on (111) Si for deep UV photonics and thermal neutron detection

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) growth was carried out on (111) Si substrates at a temperature of 1350 °C using a cold wall chemical vapor deposition system. The hBN phase of the deposited films was identified by the characteristic Raman peak at 1370 cm−1 with a full width at half maximum of 25 cm−1, corresponding to the in-plane stretch of B and N atoms. Chemical bonding states and composition of the hBN films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the extracted B/N ratio was 1.03:1, which is 1:1 within the experimental error. The fabricated metal-hBN-metal devices demonstrate a strong deep UV (DUV) response. Further, the hBN growth on the vertical (111) surfaces of parallel trenches fabricated in (110) Si was explored to achieve a thermal neutron detector. These results demonstrate that hBN-based detectors represent a promising approach towards the development of DUV photodetectors and efficient solid-state thermal neutron detectors.
Absorption enhancement in CH3NH3PbI3 solar cell using a TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite electron selective contact

In the present contribution, perovskite absorbers have been combined with few layer thick MoS2 semiconductor to put together a solar cell allowing broad spectrum harvesting of solar radiations. Such modification allows to achieve solar light harvesting at the band edges, addressing a drawback of CH3NH3PbI3 absorbers. We recorded an improved efficiency from 3.7% to 4.3% on the back of this methodology. We have also worked out a novel methodology to synthesize TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite by in situ dispersion of liquid exfoliated MoS2 sheets in the sol gel reaction.
Selective function-blocking monoclonal human antibody highlights the important role of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in metastasis.

// Albert G. Remacle 1 , Piotr Cieplak 1 , Dong Hyun Nam 2 , Sergey A. Shiryaev 1 , Xin Ge 2 , Alex Y. Strongin 1 1 Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center/Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 2 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92512, USA Correspondence to: Alex Y. Strongin, email: strongin@SBPdiscovery.org Keywords: metastasis, cancer, MT1-MMP, antibody, proteinase Received: August 15, 2016 Accepted: October 13, 2016 Published: November 07, 2016 ABSTRACT The invasion-promoting MT1-MMP is a cell surface-associated collagenase with a plethora of critical cellular functions. There is a consensus that MT1-MMP is a key protease in aberrant pericellular proteolysis in migrating cancer cells and, accordingly, a promising drug target. Because of high homology in the MMP family and a limited success in the design of selective small-molecule inhibitors, it became evident that the inhibitor specificity is required for selective and successful MT1-MMP therapies. Using the human Fab antibody library (over 1.25×10 9 individual variants) that exhibited the extended, 23-27 residue long, V H CDR-H3 segments, we isolated a panel of the inhibitory antibody fragments, from which the 3A2 Fab outperformed others as a specific and potent, low nanomolar range, inhibitor of MT1-MMP. Here, we report the in-depth characterization of the 3A2 antibody. Our multiple in vitro and cell-based tests and assays, and extensive structural modeling of the antibody/protease interactions suggest that the antibody epitope involves the residues proximal to the protease catalytic site and that, in contrast with tissue inhibitor-2 of MMPs (TIMP-2), the 3A2 Fab inactivates the protease functionality by binding to the catalytic domain outside the active site cavity. In agreement with the studies in metastasis by others, our animal studies in acute pulmonary melanoma metastasis support a key role of MT1-MMP in metastatic process. Conversely, the selective anti-MT1-MMP monotherapy significantly alleviated melanoma metastatic burden. It is likely that further affinity maturation of the 3A2 Fab will result in the lead inhibitor and a proof-of-concept for MT1-MMP targeting in metastatic cancers.
Complex Nature of Protein Carbonylation Specificity After Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation

Protein carbonylation is an irreversible modification of Lys, Arg, Thr and Pro amino acids under conditions of oxidative stress. Previous studies have reported specific carbonylated residues in purified recombinant albumins, albeit with a lack of agreement between the studies. Currently, structural factors that determine site-specific protein carbonylation are not well understood. In this study, we utilized metal-catalyzed oxidizing conditions to generate carbonylation in recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), two proteins with distinct metal-binding abilities. To estimate predictability of HSA carbonylation sites, the same oxidative reaction was repeated based on the previously reported conditions. For G-CSF, oxidative conditions were gradually adjusted to achieve substantial levels of protein carbonylation. Corresponding accumulation of specific oxidized residues was identified and confirmed with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our HSA dataset contained 55 carbonylated residues and showed a significant overlap with the previously published pooled data, indicating a certain level of carbonylation site specificity for albumins. Oxidation of G-CSF under multiple oxidative conditions consistently showed a highly specific carbonylation at position Pro45. We also detected a previously unreported, oxidation-induced cleavage site in G-CSF between His44 and Pro45, which might be attributed to a presence of a potential metal-binding site near residue Pro45. Our results show distinct patterns of protein carbonylation for HSA and G-CSF. Thus, specificity of protein carbonylation induced by metal-catalyzed oxidation is protein dependent and might be predicted by availability of transition metal binding site(s) within the protein.
Computer Simulation Modeling of Driver Behavior at Roundabouts

The Connecticut Department of Transportation (CT DOT) has constructed four roundabouts in the State of Connecticut within the past ten years. VISSIM traffic simulation software was utilized to analyze these roundabouts during their design phase. The objectives of this project are to: identify VISSIM input variables most critical to accurate modeling; and, provide other recommendations for roundabout traffic operations modeling. Cameras were set up at these roundabouts to capture vehicle circulating activity and entry behavior for two weekdays. The data extracted from the videos include: vehicle circulating speed; critical gap estimated by Maximum Likelihood Method; peak hour volume; follow-up headway; travel time; and, vehicle queue length. A VISSIM simulation of existing roundabouts was built to compare both queue length and travel time predicted from simulation with measured in the field. The research investigated a variety of simulation parameters as calibration factors for describing driver behaviors at roundabouts. Among them, critical gap is the most effective calibration variable in roundabout simulation. The results will improve the design of future roundabouts in Connecticut and provide decision makers with insights on the relationship between various choices and future performance.
Reflections From a Teaching Time Capsule

Reflecting on the past, present, and future of my praxis I ask myself, â€œ What more can possibly be said about teacher research? How can I possibly contribute to the vast body of literature out there?â€ All I have is my own story. All most teachers have is their own story. In this paper I have discovered that this is in itself a contribution to the literature. Through this paper I have learned that qualitative research is as individual as the individual. We are NOT numbers as in quantitative research. Teacher research is particular and unique but not less insightful. Opening up to autobiography was a frightening concept for me. Teachers must take the risk of autobiography in their own action research. This is what I learned throughout this journey-my journey of participatory research. I constantly wondered what can of worms I was going to open.
Fabrication MoS2 biosensor to detect lower-concentrated area of biological molecules (Conference Presentation)

Two dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) materials have the growing potential to upstage graphene in the next generation of biosensors in detecting lower-concentrated areas of biomolecules. The current gold-standard detection method is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an immunological assay technique that makes use of an enzyme bonded to a particular antibody or antigen. However, this technique is not only bulky, labor-intensive, and time extensive, but more importantly, the ELISA has relatively low detection limits of only 600 femtomolar (fM). In this work, for the first time, we present a novel flexible, sensitive MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) biosensor, as shown in Figure 1, composed of few-layer of MoS2 as the channel material, and flexible polyimide as the substrate. In order to nano-fabricate this flexible biosensor, we mechanically transferred a few layers of MoS2 onto the flexible substrate polyimide and photolithography to create a patterning on the surface, and as a result, we were able to create a transistor that used MoS2 as its conductance channel. We successfully fabricated this MoS2 biosensor onto a flexible polyimide substrate. Furthermore, the fabricated flexible MoS2 biosensor can be utilized for quantifying the time-dependent reaction kinetics of streptavidin-biotin binding. Figure 2 shows the transfer characteristics of flexible MoS2 biosensors measured under different concentrations of streptavidin. The flexible MoS2 biosensor could illustrate a faster detection time in matters of minutes, and higher sensitivity with detection limits as low as 10 fM. Time versus equilibrium constants will be presented in details.
Top-of-the-line corrosion

Abstract Corrosion under dewing conditions, also called top of the line corrosion (TLC), can lead to severe integrity issues for wet gas pipelines. This phenomenon is especially challenging because standard corrosion inhibition methods are often ineffective. Over the last 30 years, considerable advances in the understating of TLC mechanisms have been very helpful in developing ways to anticipate and manage potential risks to facilities. Still, much work remains to be done to clarify certain fundamental aspects of this corrosion phenomenon. Perhaps more importantly, the effective transfer of knowledge between research institutions and operators should be an absolute priority in order to develop effective tools to predict and mitigate TLC in ever more complex field environments. This chapter presents the current state of the understanding of TLC and highlights several important knowledge gaps. It also expands on the main TLC mitigation methods used for the design of new pipelines and for asset integrity management.
Cancer and All-cause Mortality in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Treatment Decision-making.

Objective To develop and validate a nomogram assessing cancer and all-cause mortality following radical cystectomy. Given concerns regarding the morbidity associated with surgery, there is a need for incorporation of cancer-specific and competing risks into patient counseling and recommendations. Materials and Methods A total of 5325 and 1257 diagnosed with clinical stage T2-T4a muscle-invasive bladder cancer from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2011 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare and Texas Cancer Registry-Medicare linked data, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used and a nomogram was developed to predict 3- and 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival with external validation. Results Patients who underwent radical cystectomy were mostly younger, male, married, non-Hispanic white and had fewer comorbidities than those who did not undergo radical cystectomy ( P P P Conclusion Older, unmarried patients with increased comorbidities are less likely to undergo radical cystectomy. We developed and validated a generalizable instrument that has been converted into an online tool (Radical Cystectomy Survival Calculator), to provide a benefit-risk assessment for patients considering radical cystectomy.
Thermal Response to High-Power Holmium Laser Lithotripsy.

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate “caliceal” fluid temperature changes during holmium laser activation/lithotripsy using settings up to 40 W power output with different ...
Hispanic Immigrant Father Involvement with Young Children in the United States: A Comparison with US-Born Hispanic and White non-Hispanic Fathers

Objectives Fathering is known to foster child development and health, yet evidence on Hispanic immigrant fathers’ involvement with their young children is sparse. This study assessed disparities in pregnancy intendedness and father involvement with children ages 0–4 among Hispanic immigrant co-resident fathers versus two reference groups: US-born Hispanic and US-born White fathers. We hypothesized that differentials in involvement were associated with socioeconomic and cultural factors. Methods Using 2011–2013 data from the National Survey of Family Growth (N = 598), we performed bivariate, logistic and linear regression analyses to assess disparities in pregnancy intendedness and five father involvement outcomes (physical care, warmth, outings, reading and discipline). The models controlled for socio-economic, structural, health and cultural covariates. Results Pregnancy intendedness did not differ significantly between Hispanic immigrant fathers and the two reference groups. Compared with US-born Hispanics, unadjusted models showed that immigrant fathers were less likely to engage in physical care, warmth and reading, (p ≤ 0.05) though the differences were attenuated when controlling for covariates. Hispanic immigrant fathers were less likely than US-born White fathers to engage in each of the father involvement outcomes (p ≤ 0.05), with the disparity in reading to their child persisting even after controlling for all covariates. Conclusions for Practice We found marked socio-economic and cultural differences between Hispanic immigrant and US-born Hispanic and White fathers which contribute to disparities in father involvement with their young children. Hispanic immigrant status is an important determinant of involved fathering and should be taken into account when planning public health policies and programs.
Using Checklists to Support Early Intervention Directors and Teams

This chapter further discusses the implications of a study on the Fidelity of Implementation of Assessment (FOI-A) for the Battelle Developmental Inventory—Second Edition (BDI-2) across one New England state. Based on the findings of this research, the content of this chapter focuses on how checklists can be used to improve assessment practices by supporting reflective assessment practices in the field. Specifically, it presents checklists that can be used directly by EI professionals to support the administration process of the BDI-2 in goal setting, improvement in their assessment practices, and accountability. It also provides examples of how checklists support individuals and teams who administer the BDI-2 in self-reflection processes. This chapter will also discuss how directors to coaches can use observation protocols and data collection spreadsheets to support Early Intervention professionals in high-quality implementation of the BDI-2 through ongoing coaching. Finally, checklist that supports FOI-A specifically for the BDI-2 is included at the end of this chapter.
3D Printed Models in Neurosurgical Training

Neurosurgical training has evolved over time. New technology has developed novel methods to supplement training. 3D printed models are an innovative method used to teach and train in various parts of neurosurgery. This chapter focuses on the variety of neurosurgical sub-specialties and how 3D printed models can be used. Cerebral aneurysms are a common pathology in neurosurgery that can be treated with surgical clipping of endovascular coiling. As endovascular technologies have advanced, resident exposure to clipping has diminished. The use of 3D models has supplemented this education. Tumor surgery in neurosurgery is challenging due to the various approaches and complex anatomy that must be mastered. 2D pictures are helpful, but converting this to three dimensions for surgery is difficult. The use of 3D models can really help with understanding anatomy. This is also helpful for transsphenoidal surgery and minor/bedside procedures. Spinal surgery can also be better understood with the use of 3D models. Various 3D models have been created to better understand the directions to place spinal instrumentation. As 3D printed models get more sophisticated, their use in neurosurgery as a training tool will grow. This chapter describes the various ways 3D printed models have impacted neurosurgical training.
Effects of geometry and cochlear loads on tectorial membrane traveling waves

It has been suggested that the decay constants of tectorial membrane (TM) traveling waves contribute to differences in the tuning of Tectb −/– mutant mice, wild-type mice, and humans. However, the experiments underlying these results were obtained in vitro, in the absence of cochlear loads. In this work, we analyze effects of cochlear loads on TM traveling waves using a viscoelastic model. Results demonstrate that hair bundle stiffness has little effect on TM waves, the limbal attachment tends to increase the wavelength of TM waves, and viscous loss to subtectorial fluid tends to decrease the wave decay constant. To understand how the TM is able to support traveling waves despite these loads we examined how TM wave decay constants depend on thickness of the TM. We observe that increasing TM thickness tends to moderate all effects of cochlear loads and that as TM thickness increases, the wave decay constant approaches an asymptotic limit that is independent of cochlear loads. For material properties corres...
Assay of Biogenic Amines and Their Deaminating Enzymes in Animal Tissues

The biogenic amines, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine have in recent years played an important role as suspected neurotransmitters in neurochemical investigations of brain functions. Much of this interest can be ascribed to the development of highly sensitive and specific spectrophoto-fluorometric and isotopic procedures for estimating tissue concentrations of these amines, their metabolism in vivo, and the activity of their synthetic and catabolic enzymes. This chapter describes techniques used in this laboratory for measuring endogenous concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine in animal tissues. The catecholamines and serotonin are estimated by spectrophotofluorometry, while tissue histamine is assayed by a procedure in which the specific enzymic methylation of tissue histamine reflects its endogenous content. Fluorometric and radiometric methods for the assay of monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase activities are also described.
The Loss of Gregor Samsa, and Kafka’s Use of Language

Gregor Samsa in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis suffers an unspeakable loss and an unsayable ending. Gregor’s experience of loss includes a descent from a dark life as a clerk providing a means of life for his family to an even darker existence as an insect finding solitude under the sofa of Ms own living room. Finally, after starving to death, Gregor’s remains are dealt with by the charwoman in a manner for which Kafka has no language.
Neuroimaging of Seizures

I. Is neuroimaging appropriate in patients with febrile seizures? II. What neuroimaging examinations do patients with acute nonfebrile symptomatic seizures need? III. What is the role of neuroimaging in patients with first unprovoked seizures? IV. What is the most appropriate study in the workup of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy of remote origin? V. When should functional imaging be performed in seizure patients and what is the study of choice?
Models for the optimal design of flexible manufacturing systems

In this chapter models applicable during the basic planning stage for the optimal design of flexible manufacturing systems are studied. An overview of the models already existing in literature is presented together with new models developed by the author.
Defense Counsel and Plea Bargain Perjury

In the following comments I juxtapose the lawyer’s response to the perjury in our hypothetical scenario, which for convenience I refer to as a “cooperating witness scenario,” with perjury from a client who proposes to testify at her own trial, which I refer to as a “classic scenario.” To be clear, in a cooperating witness scenario the perjurious client proposes to testify for the government at a criminal trial at which the client is not a defendant. In a classic scenario, by contrast, the perjurious client proposes to testify for the defense at a criminal trial in which she is a defendant. Use of the word “classic” here reflects no empirical assessment of the relative frequency of this scenario. Rather, use of the label “classic” is based on my estimation that readers are more likely familiar with this scenario than the one posed in our hypothetical since the classic scenario has been the focal point of much commentary, the leading Supreme Court case on client perjury, and a scene from a famous film frequently used in discussing client perjury.
Fluid Histories: Swamps, Law and the Company-State in Colonial Bengal

The movement of the Hughli River in 1804-5 resulted in the deposition of alluvion along Calcutta’s river banks which unfolded as an ownership crisis for the East India Company. The Company responded by developing new legal categories and administrative language to manage these newly formed lands and thereby fashioning itself as a public agent of Calcutta’s land and landed property. Focusing on specific legal aspects of colonial hydrology that arose in the making of property in these amphibious spaces, the article argues that the soaking ecology of Bengal became a site for productive law-making by creating open-ended possibilities for taking land. It demonstrates how the Company used this new land formation to gradually institute a legal architecture regulating alluvion and dereliction and subsequently subjecting these soaking ecologies to an intricate documentary regime with the aim of disciplining the existing landed property relations in Calcutta. Documenting the haphazard extension and enactment of these new legal doctrines in a mobile landscape illuminates a particular history of the colonial regime of property and the Company-State’s early articulations of a particular type of quasi-eminent domain as a manner of taking land. Pushing a new direction in legal geography, the piece shows how the legal arena became a productive site for geographical knowledge production and legal experimentation in the colony.
Surgical resection of a left auricular aneurysm in a dog

Aneurysmal dilation of the atrial appendage (auricle) is rare in humans and dogs. Congenital and acquired etiologies are hypothesized. Although right auricular aneurysm has been described in dogs, this is the first case report of an aneurysm of the left auricle of a dog with an intact pericardium. In humans, because complications of arrhythmia and thromboembolic disease have been reported, surgical resection of left auricular aneurysm is recommended. This report describes the successful surgical resection of a left auricular aneurysm in a dog, including a one-year follow up. Surgical resection can be considered in dogs with auricular aneurysm.
Spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics during oocyte meiosis

Organisms that reproduce sexually utilize a specialized form of cell division called meiosis to reduce their chromosome number by half to generate haploid gametes. Meiosis in females is especially error-prone, and this vulnerability has a profound impact on human health: it is estimated that 10-25% of human embryos are chromosomally abnormal, and the vast majority of these defects arise from problems with the female reproductive cells (oocytes). Here, we highlight recent studies that explore how these important cells divide. Although we focus on work in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we also discuss complementary studies in other organisms that together provide new insights into this crucial form of cell division.
Investigating Chemistry of Metal Dissolution in Amine–ThiolMixtures and Exploiting It toward Benign Ink Formulation for MetalChalcogenide Thin Films

Solution processing of metal chalcogenides using elemental metals dissolved in an amine–thiol solvent mixture has recently received a great deal of attention for the fabrication of thin-film optoelectronic devices. However, little is known about the dissolution pathway for metallic precursors in such mixtures. To exploit the full potential of this method, it is essential that a detailed understanding of the dissolution chemistry be developed. In this study, we use several characterization techniques to examine these solutions and then propose reaction mechanisms for In and Cu dissolutions in a hexylamine/1,2-ethanedithiol mixture. These dissolutions are rather found to be reactions resulting in metal oxidation with coevolution of H2 forming bis(1,2-ethanedithiolate)indium(III) in the case of indium dissolution and high nuclearity Cu(I) thiolate compounds in case of copper dissolution. This understanding allowed us to address the issue of toxicity and corrosivity associated with amine–thiol solvent by util...
Will it Hurt? The Intrauterine Device Insertion Experience and Long-Term Acceptability Among Adolescents and Young Women.

Abstract Study Objective To examine how the intrauterine device (IUD) insertion experience affects long-term IUD acceptability among adolescents. Design Text to Web survey study. Setting Boston Children's Hospital and Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts. Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures Nulliparous adolescents aged 13-21 years who received an IUD or etonogestrel implant between January 2012 and May 2018. Results We received survey responses from 95 adolescents (n = 46 IUD; n = 49 implant; response rate = 95/1098 (9%)). Mean current age (20.8 years) and time since device insertion (2.4 years) were similar between groups. Although a large proportion of both groups (64%) experienced moderate to severe preprocedural anxiety, IUD users expected more insertional pain compared with implant users (55.6 vs 39.6; P = .01). Compared with implant users, more IUD users experienced moderate to severe insertional pain (80% vs 18%; P Conclusion Compared with implant users, IUD users reported more negative insertion experiences, although preprocedural anxiety was prevalent in both groups. Dislike of the insertion experience might negatively affect adolescents’ willingness to continue using an IUD in the future. Findings should encourage multimodal interventions to holistically improve the IUD insertion experience.
Integrating Scale-Themed Instruction across the General Chemistry Curriculum

One theme that both the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the National Research Council (NRC) agree pervades any science course (and specifically chemistry) is scale. Despite the fact that scale concepts and skills are at the core of a student’s scientific literacy, scale or the skills related to understanding quantity within chemistry concepts is often neglected in instruction. Beginning with a supplemental instruction module and moving into both laboratory and lecture, we have systematically developed and integrated increasingly more effective methods of delivery of scale-themed content across the general chemistry curriculum at one institution. Using regression models to examine for learning gains on chemistry content final exams, we found that the greatest learning gains for General Chemistry I resulted from combining all components of scale-themed instruction; for General Chemistry II the greatest impact was found with incorporating scale-themed laboratory experiments.
Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating TIA-1+ Cytotoxic T Cells (TIA1-CTCs) and FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) Following Solid Organ Transplant (SOT).

Background: PTLD is a rare, often fatal, complication of SOT. Several studies have identified clinical prognostic factors in PTLD. However, no published studies to our knowledge have yet correlated outcome with the number (#) or type of tumor infiltrating T-cells, which in other types of lymphoma may have prognostic value. We hypothesized that tumor infiltrating T-cells, including TIA1-CTCs and Tregs, would predict survival in SOT PTLD. Methods: We searched the Cleveland Clinic pathology archives for SOT patients (pts), who were diagnosed with PTLD between 1987 and 2007; reviewed the medical records and extracted clinical information and outcomes; performed immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for CD3, TIA-1, and FOXP3; and analyzed the data by Cox proportional univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We identified 62 SOT pts (heart, 22; lung, 17; kidney 15; liver, 7; pancreas, 1), who were diagnosed with PTLD at median age of 51 years (range 7–73). The median time from SOT to PTLD was 1.8 years (range 0.2–20.9). 1 st therapeutic intervention (1 st TI) (usually >1) included “complete” resection (4), decreased immunosuppression (51), acyclovir or gancyclovir (32), rituximab (R) (18), “CHOP” chemotherapy (11), radiation therapy (7), and interferon (4). Response to 1 st TI was CR (34) or PR (10). The median follow-up among surviving pts is 3.6 years (range 0.1–11.7). 35 (including 4 CHOP and 9 R) pts have died; only 2 CHOP but all 9 R pts died from PTLD. IHC studies in 42 evaluable cases showed the following median # (and range) of cells /10 hpf: CD3 525 (8–2451), TIA1-CTCs 304 (6–1238) and FOXP3 13 (1–338). On univariate analysis, younger age, prior rejection episodes st TI >1, 1 st TI with CHOP, # of CD3 cells >550/10 hpf, and # of TIA1-CTCs >300/10 hpf were associated with an improved overall survival (OS), PTLD-specific survival (PSS), and/or progression-free survival (PFS). On multivariate analyses, only PS st TI with CHOP remained independent predictors of outcome. Among the subset of 47 pts with monomorphic B-cell (MMBC) PTLD, these same clinical factors were also independently statistically significant. Conclusions: High #s of infiltrating T cells and TIA1-CTCs are associated with a favorable outcome and may reflect a relatively intact local anti-tumor response. Tregs, which may potentially antagonize such a response, are uniformly low and do not correlate with outcome in PTLD. In this analysis, a significant minority of SOT pts treated initially with single agent R still died from PTLD while pts treated initially with CHOP (with or without R) appeared to have a better outcome, arguing for its early use - at least in a subset of pts. Future studies should attempt to identify biological factors that predict which MMBC PTLD pts might benefit from the addition of CHOP to standard R as part of 1 st TI.
Developing a Scholarly Agenda -- One Safe Picture, One Art Picture

Developing a scholarly agenda is no easy task for any new professor. This task becomes particularly tricky when your position is not a traditional tenure track one (for example those whose primary teaching responsibilities are in skills or clinics). There are many considerations that a scholar should examine as she develops a scholarly agenda that fits her goals as a professor and academic. An approach that includes scholarship in areas of doctrinal interest and pedagogy is one particular way to satisfy competing interests when developing a scholarly agenda as a professor in a non-tenure track position.
Biologically motivated problems for introductory computer science: conference tutorial

For a number of years we have been teaching a biology themed introductory computer science course at Harvey Mudd College.
Evaluating the Effect of Daily Diary Instructional Phrases on Respondents' Recall Time Frames: Survey Experiment.

Background: Daily diaries are extensively used for examining participants’ daily experience in behavioral and medical science. However, little attention is paid to whether participants recall their experiences within the time frames prescribed by the task. Objective: This study aimed to describe survey respondents’ self-reported recall time frames and to evaluate the impact of different daily diary items on respondents’ reported affective states. Methods: In this study, 577 participants completed a mood survey with one of the following 4 time frame instructions: (1) today, (2) since waking up today, (3) during the last 24 hours, or (4) in the last day. They were also asked to indicate the periods they considered when answering these items and to recall the instructional phrases associated with the items. Results: Almost all participants in the today (141/146, 96.6%) and since waking up today (136/145, 93.8%) conditions reported using periods consistent with our expectations, whereas a lower proportion was observed in the during the last 24 hours (100/145, 69.0%) condition. A diverse range of responses was observed in the in the last day condition. Furthermore, the instructions influenced the levels of some self-reported affects, although exploratory analyses were not able to identify the mechanism underlying this finding. Conclusions: Overall, these results indicate that today and since waking up today are the most effective instructional phrases for inquiring about daily experience and that investigators should use caution when using the other 2 instructional phrases. Trial Registration:
Interplay Between Reservation Wage and Unemployment Duration: Evidence from Jordan, Serbia, Montenegro, Ukraine and Moldova in 2015

This study investigates the reservation wage along with the unemployment duration of the youth in five countries from three groups of countries, the MENA countries, the WB countries and the CIS countries. The study assesses the determinants of the reservation wage and in particular how it is related to unemployment duration. The data comes from the School to Work Transition Survey in 2015 which is a survey that is labor market designed and includes labor market information on young people aged 15 to 29 years. The Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) model is conducted by using instrumental variables. This technique is used since we suspect that ednogeneity between the reservation wage and the unemployment duration is possible in our model. The results suggest the interplay between the reservation wage and the unemployment duration is countercyclical, the longer the unemployment duration the lower the reservation wage. Youth that lives in a household that receives other sources of income and remittances have lower reservation wages and youth that comes from a household with good financial situation and receives governmental financial assistance have higher reservation wages. Married youth with children have higher reservation wage and lower unemployment duration and more educated and trained youth has higher reservation wage.
Psychophysiology of emotional responding in PTSD

Abstract This chapter explores the benefits of using objective psychophysiological paradigms to characterize emotion-laden posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and predict treatment trajectories. Specifically, it presents translational fear conditioning paradigms—employing psychophysiological indices—that help researchers and clinicians investigate the dysregulated fear processing observed in those with PTSD. Learning theory components of such fear learning paradigms are detailed, such as fear acquisition and fear extinction, in addition to a comprehensive review highlighting significant differences in psychophysiological reactivity between participants with and without PTSD. The chapter further explores research on impaired fear extinction learning in those with PTSD and explains how different psychobiological factors (e.g., sex hormones) may play a role in this phenomenon. Additional factors such as sleep and the manipulation of fear processing via pharmacological agents to either enhance or inhibit a patient’s fear extinction learning are also discussed. We also consider how future research utilizing the fear conditioning paradigms outlined in this chapter may advance our knowledge of the role of these factors in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. The chapter provides a deeper understanding of fear-related psychophysiological paradigms, the components of such paradigms in relation to specific PTSD symptoms, psychobiological factors that may affect responsivity in those with PTSD, and how the use of these paradigms can lead to a better understanding of PTSD symptoms and development of more effective treatments.
Response to Graded Exercise Testing in Patients Treated with CAPD

Exercise tolerance in patients treated with CAPD is low compared to normals, however comparable to most studies of patients treated with hemodialysis. Blood pressure responses to graded exercise in...
Beyond the anterolateral thigh: the descending branch intermuscular septal (DBIS) flap

The anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) is widely utilized for coverage of a variety of defects across the body, though use of this flap is limited due to the its size and bulky nature. We describe a fl...
Developing a modified Apgar scoring system for newborn lambs.

Abstract The Apgar (appearance, pulse, grimace, attitude, respiration) score is an accepted method for assessing newborn viability in humans and domestic animals. The purpose of this research was to modify an existing Apgar scoring system for lambs and compare Apgar score with litter size and birth order, as well as time-to-stand and time-to-suckle. Polypay lambs (n = 75) delivered naturally were used for this study. Pulse ( 175 bpm = 2) and respiration ( 65% SpO2 = 2) were measured with a pulse oximeter attached to the lamb’s ear. Appearance, grimace, and attitude were assessed using mucous membrane color (cyanotic = 0; pale = 1; pink = 2); response to nose stimulation (no response = 0; moves head slightly = 1; shakes head = 2); and response to rump stimulation (no movement = 0; moves but no attempt to stand = 1; attempts to stand = 2), respectively. The Apgar score was measured within 5 min of birth (T0), 15 min (T15) and 60 min (T60) after birth. The time-to-stand and time-to-suckle were recorded and compared to Apgar scores. Apgar scores did not differ by litter size or birth order. There were no significant correlations between the Apgar scores and time-to-stand. There was a moderate positive correlation between attitude and time-to-suckle at T0 (R2 = 0.467), which may affect the ingestion of adequate colostrum in a timely manner. Producers may choose to consider using Apgar scoring so that assistance can be provided to lambs before serious complications arise.
Systemic and ocular manifestations of a patient with mosaic ARID1A-associated Coffin-Siris syndrome and review of select mosaic conditions with ophthalmic manifestations

Mosaic genetic mutations may be somatic, germline, or "gonosomal" and have the potential to cause genetic syndromes, disorders, or malformations. Mutations can occur at any point in embryonic development and the timing determines the extent of distribution of the mutation throughout the body and different tissue types. The eye and visual pathway offer a unique opportunity to study somatic and gonosomal mosaic mutations as the eye consists of tissues derived from all three germ layers allowing disease pathology to be assessed with noninvasive imaging. In this review, we describe systemic and ocular manifestations in a child with mosaic Coffin-Siris syndrome. The patient presented with a significant medical history of accommodative esotropia and hyperopia, macrocephaly, polydactyly, global developmental delay, hypotonia, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, and brain MRI abnormalities. The ophthalmic findings in this patient were nonspecific, however, they are consistent with ocular manifestations reported in other patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome. We also review ophthalmic findings of select mosaic chromosomal and single-gene disorders. Ophthalmic assessment alongside clinical genetic testing may play an important role in diagnosis of genetic syndromes as well as understanding disease pathology, particularly when mosaicism plays a role.
THE MEMEIFICATION OF #SCHOOLSHOOTINGS IN THE U.S.: YOUTH, TIKTOK, ANDPLAYFUL MEDIATED BODIES

With active shooter drills as a normal part of student experiences in the U.S., the threat of a school shooting has become commonplace and institutionalized. Within a context of cultural trauma, it is no surprise that teens are using digital media to create spaces for sense-making, placemaking, and as a way to respond to the constant threat of violence. Focusing on the mediated memeification of school shootings, there exists an entire genre of #darkhumor videos on TikTok in which young people create and circulate irreverent humorous media texts as a response to the constant threat of – and perceived political inaction to - school shootings in the U.S. Through a content and discursive analysis of 200 #darkhumor #schoolshooting videos on TikTok, this paper asks: what can we learn about how young people understand cultural trauma through an examination of their playful and memetic social media practices? Videos are categorized into three groups: playful parodies (which address media stereotypes, tropes, and transactional survival), playful critiques (which address the absurdity of school violence and the failure of neoliberal responses), and playful coping (which depict dance and movement as celebratory distractions). While the playful and irreverent videos can be read through a lens of critique, satire, or parody, the memetic, social, corporeal, and performative nature of TikTok affords related yet distinct practices and modes of playful social engagement that I refer to as the mediated playful body.
Contrasting Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria on Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Larvae

Several Vibrio spp. cause acute and severe mortality events in hatcheries where larvae of bivalve mollusks are reared, potentially leading to subsequent shortage of bivalve seed for the grow-out industry. In particular, strains of Vibrio coralliilyticus have been identified as a major cause of disease in Pacific, Crassostrea gigas, and eastern, C. virginica, oyster hatcheries in the United States of America. Probiotic bacteria are an inexpensive, practical, and natural method of disease control. Previous research shows that pretreatment of larval oysters with probiotic bacteria Bacillus pumilus RI06-95 (RI) and Phaeobacter inhibens S4 (S4) significantly decreases mortality caused by experimental challenge with the bacterial pathogen V. coralliilyticus RE22 (RE22). This study aims to characterize the immune response of 6-10-day-old eastern oyster larvae to experimental challenge with pathogen V. coralliilyticus RE22 and probionts RI and S4. Treatments included (a) pathogen and probiont exposure at a concentration of 5 × 104 CFU per mL (~2500 bacterial cells per larva) for a duration of 6 h, (b) probiont exposure at the same concentration for a duration of 24 h, and (c) probiont RI daily treatment of larvae in the hatchery for 4, 11, and 15 days. Differential gene expression analysis compared pathogen or probiotic-treated transcriptomes to unexposed controls. Probiotic and pathogen treatment led to upregulation of transcripts coding for several immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in environmental sensing and detection of microbes in oyster larvae. Larval oyster responses to pathogen RE22 suggested suppression of expression of genes in immune signaling pathways (myd88, tak1, nkap), failure in upregulation of immune effector genes, high metabolic demand, and oxidative stress that potentially contributed to mortality. On the other hand, the transcriptomic response to probiotic bacteria RI and S4 suggested activation of immune signaling pathways and expression of immune effectors (e.g., Cv-spi2, mucins and perforin-2). These key features of the host immune response to probiotic bacteria were shared despite the length of probiotic exposure, probiotic species, and the type of environment in which exposures were conducted. This study suggests that pre-exposure of eastern oyster larvae to probiotics for 6-24 h prior to pathogenic challenge leads to a robust and effective immune response that may contribute to protecting larvae from subsequent challenge with V. coralliilyticus RE22. This research provides new insights into host-microbe interactions in larval oysters that could be applied in the management of vibriosis in bivalve hatcheries.
An Empirical Assessment of the Contribution of State Offices of Inspectors General to Corruption Control

This exploratory research examines whether the proliferation of state offices of inspector general (OIGs) contributes to corruption control. Using 50-state panel data from 1976 to 2010, preliminary...
Novel embedded single poly floating gate flash demonstrated in 22nm FDSOI technology

Besides the high interest and effort spend for emerging memories, the market is still demanding embedded floating gate flash as non-volatile memory solution. Single Poly floating gate fabrication in SOI technology offers new scaling opportunities by the utilization of the SOI layer. We demonstrate that single poly flash device area can be scaled down by approximately two decades reaching a cell area of $0.108\mu\mathrm{m}^{2}$ with only a few additional process steps and excellent electrical data.
Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Previous research suggests more biomechanically demanding tasks (e.g., stair descent, hopping) magnify biomechanical asymmetries compared with walking after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it is unclear if modifying task-specific constraints, like walking speed also elicits greater biomechanical asymmetries in this population. We examined the effects of manipulating walking speed on ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction and uninjured controls. Thirty individuals with ACL reconstruction (age = 20.6 ± 5.4 years, body mass index [BMI] = 23.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2 ) and 15 controls (age = 23.1 ± 4.5 years, BMI = 23.6 ± 2.7 kg/m2 ) were tested on an instrumented treadmill at three speeds (100%, 120%, and 80% self-selected speed). Bilateral vertical and posterior-anterior GRFs were recorded at each speed. GRF asymmetries were calculated by subtracting the uninjured from the injured limb at each percent of stance. Statistical parametric mapping was used to evaluate the effects of speed on GRF asymmetries across stance. We found vertical and posterior GRF asymmetries were exacerbated at faster speeds and reduced at slower speeds in ACL individuals but not controls (p .05). Our results suggest increasing walking speed magnifies GRF asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Statement of Clinical Significance: Evaluating both preferred and fast walking speeds may aid in characterizing biomechanical asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction which may be valuable in earlier rehabilitative time points when more difficult tasks like hopping and running are not feasible.