cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from selective soft-tissue release for gap balancing in primary total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of 1216 consecutive total knee arthroplasties: AAOS exhibit selection

Background: Soft-tissue releases are commonly necessary to achieve symmetrical flexion and extension gaps in primary total knee arthroplasty performed with a measured resection technique. We reviewed the frequency of required releases according to preoperative alignment and the clinical and radiographic results; associations with failure, reoperations, and complications are presented. Methods: We reviewed 1216 knees that underwent primary total knee arthroplasty from 2004 to 2009; 774 (64%) were in female patients and 442 (36%), in male patients. In the coronal plane, 855 knees had preoperative varus deformity, 123 were neutral, and 238 had valgus deformity. The mean age at the time of the index procedure was 62.7 years (range, twenty-three to ninety-four years), and the mean body mass index was 32.7 kg/m 2 (range, 17.4 to 87.9 kg/m 2 ). Clinical outcomes included the Knee Society Score (KSS), implant failure, reoperation, and complications. Radiographs were analyzed for component alignment. Results: Theonlydifferencein the totalKSSwasfoundatthe timeoffinalfollow-upbetweenvalguskneeswithzeroreleases (total KSS = 178) and those with one or two releases (KSS = 160, p = 0.026). Overall, 407 knees (33.5%) required zero releases, 686 (56.4%) required oneor two releases, and 123 (10.1%) required three or more releases. Among varus knees, 37% required zero releases, 55% required one or two releases, and 7.5% required three or more releases. Among neutral knees, 39% required zero releases, 55% required oneor two releases, and 5.7% required three ormore releases. Only17% of valgus knees required zero releases whereas 61% required one or two releases and 21.8% required three or more releases. Valgus knees required more releases than neutral or varus knees did (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Selective soft-tissue release for gap balancing in primary total knee arthroplasty is an effective technique that produced excellent clinical and radiographic results regardless of preoperative alignment. Consistent anatomic continued
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: Value of histologic grading and proliferative activity

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon carcinoma with a distinctive histology. Prognosis is favorable, although recurrence and distant metastases have been described. We assessed whether histologic features and proliferative activity can identify aggressive neoplasms. We studied 31 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (age range of patients, 33 to 74 years). Three histologic grades were defined: grade I: completely glandular; grade II: or = 30% solid pattern. In 19 of 31 cases, immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor were available. Twelve of 31 cases were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 antigen using MIB1 antibody. Ten of 20 tumors were subareolar. All tumors were grossly circumscribed; however, 12 of 20 (60%) had focal infiltration peripherally. Five of 19 tumors were estrogen receptor positive. There was no statistical correlation between MIB1 score and histologic grade, nuclear grade, infiltration of the adjacent fat or breast parenchyma, or estrogen receptor status. All patients were alive with no evidence of disease after a median follow-up of 7 years. Neither histologic or nuclear grading nor proliferative activity were useful prognosticators. None of the tumors had lymph node metastases. Therefore, axillary lymph node dissection may not be necessary. Because more than half of adenoid cystic carcinomas are infiltrative focally, the most important therapeutic goal is complete tumor removal with uninvolved margins of excision.
Equilibrium phase diagram of the lithium fluoride-beryllium fluoridezirconium fluoride system☆

Abstract The equilibrium phase diagram for the LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 system was established throughout all temperature intervals (approximately 350 to 1000 °C) in which liquid-solid phase transitions occur. The liquidus surface of the LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 system comprises eight primary phase fields, those of the three components, and of five complex compounds: Li2BeF4 Li3ZrF7, Li2ZrF6, Li3Zr4F19, and Li6BeF4ZrF8. The associated phase reactions result in the occurrence of nine invariant equilibrium points, at temperatures which range from 355 to 540 °C. A region of liquid-liquid immiscibility, rare in fluoride systems, was observed with BeF2-rich mixtures at temperatures from the LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 liquidus to an upper critical solution temperature of 955 °C. Composition-temperature relationships within this region were established by use of a high-temperature centrifuge. Le diagramme de constitution du systeme LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 a ete etabli sur le domaine de temperature d'environ 350 a 1000 °C, intervalle dans lequel se produisent les changements de phase liquide-solide. La surface du liquidus du systeme LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 comprend 8 domaines de phases primaires, ceux de 3 composants et ceux de 5 composes complexes: Li2BeF4, Li3ZrF7, Li2ZrF6, Li3Zr4F19, et Li6BeF4ZrF8. Les reactions de phases associees a ces composes ont pour resultat la production de 9 points d'equilibre invariant a des temperatures qui s'echelonnent de 355° a 540 °C. Une region d'immiscibilite dans la phase liquide, rare dans les systemes a base de fluorure, a ete observee avec les melanges riches en BeF2 aux temperatures comprises depuis le liquidus LiF-BeF2-ZrF4 jusqu'a une temperature superieure de mise en solution critique de 955 °C. Les relations entre composition et temperature dans cette region ont eteetablies en utilisant une centrifugeuse a haute temperature.
Angular disorder in actin: is it consistent with general principles of protein structure?

Harold Erickson has recently provided a useful analysis of helical structures having one class versus two classes of intersubunit bonds. His analysis is based upon an assumption that the subunits themselves are essentially unchanged upon bond formation (polymerization). He shows that such a structure having two classes of bonds (i.e. one in which each subunit interacts with four of its neighbors rather than two) can explain some of the features of actin. While he acknowledges that for actin there could be a conformational change and that, in principle, it could explain such features, he argues that the allowed magnitude of such a conformational change is inadequate. Since kinetics and thermodynamics cannot distinguish between the energy derived from the formation of a bond from that due to a conformational change, the question of whether the features of F-actin are derived from a conformational change or a system of two classes of bonds or both must be answered with high-resolution structural information. Recent studies by K. C. Holmes and others suggest that the second possibility might be closest to the truth. The heart of our disagreement is not whether Erickson's thermodynamic analysis is correct, given rigid subunits, but whether all protein polymers are characterized by rigid subunits with rigid intersubunit contacts. Erickson maintains that the observation of an angular disorder of 12 degrees per subunit within the actin filament conflicts with his formalism of rigid subunit interfaces and must therefore result from the erroneous interpretation of measurements. He presents an alternative model to explain the observations. His model, however, does not account for the observations and we will argue that, ultimately, like the resolution of the matter of the number of classes of bonds and the extent of their contact, the amount of angular disorder will require higher-resolution structural studies.
Building a Better Advance Directive: Next Steps

Advance directives are intended to allow patients to continue to guide their clinical care even after they lose decision-making capacity. Despite being promoted as a way to extend patients' autonom...
A study on stability and incipient turbulence in poiseuille and plane‐poiseuille flow by numerical finite‐difference simulation

A difference method for treating the complete two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in time-dependent form is applied to the prediction of incipient turbulence. A steady laminar flow profile is disturbed and the propagation of disturbances in time and space is calculated. Changes occur in amplitude and in character much as would be observed in a laboratory experiment. The classical paradox of stability of Poiseuille flow to low amplitude disturbances at all Reynolds numbers is studied and contrasted to plane-Poiseuille flow. The amplitude dependence of stability is demonstrated. The results are shown to be consistent with prior theoretical and experimental work. The work lends strong support to the difference approach to difficult stability problems.
Input uncertainty in outout analysis

Simulation output clearly depends on the form of the input distributions used to drive the model. Often these input distributions are fitted using finite samples of real-world data. The finiteness of the samples introduces errors in the input distributions, affecting the output. Yet this propagation of input model uncertainty to output uncertainty is rarely considered in simulation output analysis. This tutorial presents a discussion of input uncertainty issues and recently developed methodological approaches, set in the context of input uncertainty methods proposed over the past twenty years.
Short-term reduction in dietary intake of magnesium causes deficits in brain intracellular free Mg2+ and [H+]i but not high-energy phosphates as observed by in vivo 31P-NMR

31P-NMR spectroscopic studies were performed in vivo on brains of rats fed 30-35% normal dietary Mg intake for 6 weeks. Within 2 weeks of the moderately restricted Mg diet serum Mg fell 50%, and brain intracellular free [Mg2+]i fell 15%; within 3 weeks of restricted diet, brain [Mg2+]i fell 40% and remained at this level for the additional 3 weeks. Intracellular pH (pH[i]) progressively rose in a reciprocal manner for 4 weeks. At no interval of time did brain phosphocreatine (PCr), [ATP], or inorganic phosphate change despite the fall in brain [Mg2+]i, brain pH(i) and serum Mg. The Mg-deficiency-induced cytosolic loss of protons (resulting in an alkaline cytosol) could be a compensatory mechanism to stabilize [PCr], [ATP] and [ADP] levels via creatine kinase, thus maintaining cytosolic phosphorylation potential. The rise in pH(i) associated with Mg-deficiency would also account for increased cerebral vascular muscle contractility under these conditions. Lastly, these studies indicate that brain [Mg2+]i may change without a concomitant change in cell [ATP], and that brain [Mg2+]i may be a useful marker for total body Mg2+ status.
Laser-doppler vibrometer measurements of acoustic to seismic coupling☆

Abstract An atmospheric sound wave can couple with the poroelastic ground, resulting in ground motion. This is the phenomenon of acoustic to seismic coupling. Previously, ground velocity was measured using geophones. We report vertical ground velocity measurements made with a modified off-the-shelf laser-doppler vibrometer (LDV). The measurements are difficult because high atmospheric sound pressure levels of ≈ 100 dB relative to 20 μPA are necessary for good signal-to-noise in the acoustic-to-seismic coupling ratio measurements; the LDV also couples with the sound field above the ground. We report good agreement among geophone and LDV measurements of vertical ground velocity for an impulsive atmospheric sound source. A continuous wave sound source was used to measure the transfer function of the LDV system for frequencies in the range 100–500 Hz.
Investigation of the Interface Integrity of the Thermally Stable Wn/GaAs Schottky Contacts

WNx,/GaAs Schottky contacts formed by reactive sputtering were found to be thermally stable up to an annealing temprature of ∼9400°C. The interface morphology and structure of this contact under high temperature annealing conditions ( > 700°C ) have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry techniques. For the as-deposited samples, the thin film had an amorphous structure. After annealing at high temperatures, the amorphous phase transformed to α-W and W2N phases. However, the contact interface remained thermally stable up to 850°C. Cross-sectional TEM micrographs revealed that annealing at temperatures above 850°C resulted in the formation of ‘pockets’ beneath the interface. This phenomenon has been correlated with the electrical properties of the contacts, e. g., an enhancement of the barrier height of the contact. Comparisons between the interface morphology of this system and other refractory metal nitride contacts (e. g., TiN/GaAs) are also presented.
Internet Connections for Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases

Access to the Internet provides us with an incredible amount of information about the rheumatic diseases. There are numerous arthritis organizations, professional associations, educational institutions, research and professional journals and patients with Web sites devoted to the rheumatic diseases. Some are reviewed and listed here.
Transposition of the Tourist-MITE mPing in Yeast: An Assay that Retains Key Features of Catalysis by the Class 2 PIF/Harbinger Superfamily

PIF/Harbinger is the most recently discovered DNA transposon superfamily and is now known to populate genomes from fungi to plants to animals. Mobilization of superfamily members requires two separate element-encoded proteins (ORF1 and TPase). Members of this superfamily also mobilize Tourist-like miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs), which are the most abundant transposable elements associated with the genes of plants, especially the cereal grasses. The phylogenetic analysis of many plant genomes indicates that MITEs can amplify rapidly from one or a few elements to hundreds or thousands. The most active DNA transposon identified to date in plants or animals is mPing, a rice Tourist-like MITE that is a deletion derivative of the autonomous Ping element. Ping and the closely related Pong are the only known naturally active PIF/Harbinger elements. Some rice strains accumulate ~40 new mPing insertions per plant per generation. In this study we report the development of a yeast transposition assay as a first step in deciphering the mechanism underlying the amplification of Tourist-MITEs. The ORF1 and TPase proteins encoded by Ping and Pong have been shown to mobilize mPing in rice and in transgenic Arabidopsis. Initial tests of the native proteins in a yeast assay resulted in very low transposition. Significantly higher activities were obtained by mutation of a putative nuclear export signal (NES) in the TPase that increased the amount of TPase in the nucleus. When introduced into Arabidopsis, the NES mutant protein also catalyzed higher frequencies of mPing excision from the gfp reporter gene. Our yeast assay retains key features of excision and insertion of mPing including precise excision, extended insertion sequence preference, and a requirement for two proteins that can come from either Ping or Pong or both elements. The yeast transposition assay provides a robust platform for analysis of the mechanism underlying transposition catalyzed by the two proteins of PIF/Harbinger elements. It recapitulates all of the features of excision and reinsertion of mPing as seen in plant systems. Furthermore, a mutation of a putative NES in the TPase increased transposition both in yeast and plants.
Climate Change Impacts on Northwestern and Intermountain United States Rangelands

Climate Change Impacts on Northwestern and Intermountain United States Rangelands DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v30i3_chambers
Managing Security: The Security Content Automation Protocol

Managing information systems security is an expensive and challenging task. Many different and complex software components- including firmware, operating systems, and applications-must be configured securely, patched when needed, and continuously monitored for security. Most organizations have an extensive set of security requirements. For commercial firms, such requirements are established through complex interactions of business goals, government regulations, and insurance requirements; for government organizations, security requirements are mandated. Meeting these requirements has been time consuming and error prone, because organizations have lacked standardized, automated ways of performing the tasks and reporting on results. To overcome these deficiencies and reduce security administration costs, the National Institute of Standards and Technology developed the security content automation protocol using community supported security resources. SCAP (pronounced "ess-cap") is a suite of specifications that standardizes the format and nomenclature by which security software products communicate information about software identification, software flaws, and security configurations.
Scaling all-pairs overlay routing

This paper presents and experimentally evaluates a new algorithm for efficient one-hop link-state routing in full-mesh networks. Prior techniques for this setting scale poorly, as each node incurs quadratic (n2) communication overhead to broadcast its link state to all other nodes. In contrast, in our algorithm each node exchanges routing state with only a small subset of overlay nodes determined by using a quorum system. Using a two round protocol, each node can find an optimal one-hop path to any other node using only n1.5 per-node communication. Our algorithm can also be used to find the optimal shortest path of arbitrary length using only n1.5 logn per-node communication. The algorithm is designed to be resilient to both node and link failures.We apply this algorithm to a Resilient Overlay Network (RON) system, and evaluate the results using a large-scale, globally distributed set of Internet hosts. The reduced communication overhead from using our improved full-mesh algorithm allows the creation of all-pairs routing overlays that scale to hundreds of nodes, without reducing the system's ability to rapidly find optimal routes.
An assessment of transgenomics as a tool for identifying genes involved in the evolutionary differentiation of closely related plant species.

Summary •Transgenomics is the process of introducing genomic clones from a donor species into a recipient species and then screening the resultant transgenic lines for phenotypes of interest. This method might allow us to find genes involved in the evolution of phenotypic differences between species as well as genes that have the potential to contribute to reproductive isolation: potential speciation genes. •More than 1100 20-kbp genomic clones from Leavenworthia alabamica were moved into Arabidopsis thaliana by transformation. After screening a single primary transformant for each line, clones associated with mutant phenotypes were tested for repeatability and co-segregation. •We found 84 clones with possible phenotypic effects, of which eight were repeatedly associated with the same phenotype. One clone, 11_11B, co-segregated with a short fruit phenotype. Further study showed that 11_11B affects seed development, with as much as one-third of the seeds aborted in some fruit. •Transgenomics is a viable strategy for discovering genes of evolutionary interest. We identify methods to reduce false positives and false negatives in the future. 11_11B can be viewed as a potential speciation gene, illustrating the value of transgenomics for studying the molecular basis of reproductive isolation.
Experimental Study of Micro Abrasive Tool Making by Electroplating

Accurate and precise micro abrasive tools are essential for the micromachining of highly complex features in a wide variety of engineering materials including metals and ceramics. With existing abrasive coating techniques such as sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and composite electroforming, it is difficult to control the aggregation tendency of abrasive grains. This work evaluates the feasibility of implementing electroplating principles to fabricate a micro abrasive tool by co-deposition of nickel and micro diamond powder over a tungsten substrate. In this work, a tungsten rod of diameter 500 μm was deposited with 2–4 μm diamond abrasive grains using nickel as a binder. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies reveal that more uniform coating is obtained with multilayer coating of micro diamond abrasive by electroplating. The coating process mechanism is discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Structure of the SANT domain from the Xenopus chromatin remodeling factor ISWI.

The SANT (Swi3, Ada2, N-Cor, and TFIIIB) module was first described as a putative DNA-binding domain with strong similarity to the helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain of Myb-related proteins.1–3 The X-ray structure of the C-terminal one third portion of the ATPase ISWI of Drospohila melanogaster, containing both SANT and SLIDE (SANT-Like ISWI Domain), confirmed the overall helix-turn-helix structural architecture of SANT as well as SLIDE.4 However, the DNA-contacting residues in Myb are not conserved in SANT and the structurally corresponding residues in the ISWI SANT domain are acidic, and therefore incompatible with DNA interaction. Recent studies suggested that SANT domains might be a histone-tail-binding module,5 including the DNA binding SANT domain of c-Myb.6 Here we present the X-ray structure of Xenopus laevis ISWI SANT domain, derived from limited proteolysis of a C-terminal fragment of ISWI protein.
Arsenic in groundwater in eastern New England: occurrence, controls, and human health implications.

In eastern New England, high concentrations (greater than 10 μg/L) of arsenic occur in groundwater. Privately supplied drinking water from bedrock aquifers often has arsenic concentrations at levels of concern to human health, whereas drinking water from unconsolidated aquifers is least affected by arsenic contamination. Water from wells in metasedimentary bedrock units, primarily in Maine and New Hampshire, has the highest arsenic concentrationsnearly 30% of wells in these aquifers produce water with arsenic concentrations greater than 10 μg/L. Arsenic was also found at concentrations of 3−40 mg/kg in whole rock samples in these formations, suggesting a possible geologic source. Arsenic is most common in groundwater with high pH. High pH is related to groundwater age and possibly the presence of calcite in bedrock. Ion exchange in areas formerly inundated by seawater also may increase pH. Wells sampled twice during periods of 1−10 months have similar arsenic concentrations (slope = 0.89; r-squared = 0.97...
A prestack basis pursuit seismic inversion

ABSTRACTResolving thin layers and clearly delineating layer boundaries in inverted seismic sections are very important goals for exploration and production. Many seismic inversion methods based on a least-squares optimization approach with Tikhonov-type regularization can lead to unfocused transitions between adjacent layers. A basis pursuit inversion (BPI) algorithm based on the L1 norm optimization method can, however, resolve sharp boundaries between layers. We have formulated a BPI algorithm for amplitude-versus-angle inversion and investigated its potential to improve contrasts between layers. Like the BPI for poststack case, the sparse layer constraint, rather than the sparse spike constraint, is used to construct the model space as a wedge dictionary. All the elements of the dictionary are bed reflectivities, which include solutions consisting of thin beds as well. With this dictionary, we use an L1 norm optimization framework to derive three reflectivities, namely, Rp, Rs, and Rρ. Although BPI doe...
Antigenic cross-reactivity between Treponema pallidum and other pathogenic members of the family Spirochaetaceae.

The antigenic cross-reactivity between Treponema pallidum and several pathogenic members of the family Spirochaetaceae was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques. Blots of T. pallidum antigens were incubated with antiserum from rabbits infected or immunized with T. pallidum, Treponema paraluiscuniculi, Treponema hyodysenteriae (strains B204 and T22), Borrelia hermsii serotype 7, or Leptopsira interrogans serogroup Canicola. T. pallidum contained 22 antigenic molecules ranging from 85,000 to 12,000 daltons which were recognized by serum from rabbits infected with T. pallidum. Serum from rabbits infected with T. paraluiscuniculi cross-reacted with 21 of these molecules and faintly reacted with a band at 15,000 daltons which was not recognized by anti-T. pallidum serum. Antisera directed against strains B204 and T22 of T. hyodysenteriae cross-reacted with 11 and 10 antigens of T. pallidum, respectively. B. hermsii and L. interrogans serogroup Canicola antisera detected 11 and 10 treponemal antigens, respectively. Many of the T. pallidum antigens detected by antisera against T. hyodysenteriae, B. hermsii, or L. interrogans serogroup Canicola have been previously identified as containing moieties also found on the nonpathogenic Treponema phagedenis, biotype Reiter, and may therefore represent group antigens common to members of the family Spirochaetaceae. Images
Estimation of Systemic Arterial Impedance in Man From Cardiac Catheterization Data

A five-parameter transfer function has been used to characterize the input impedance of the human systemic circulation. Aortic pressure and flow measurements obtained at cardiac catheterization are employed to evaluate the model parameters in individual patients. The appropriate parameters are chosen using a standard optimization technique to minimize the difference between pressures computed from the model and the measured values. Impedance parameters calculated for 19 patients showed considerable variation with no apparent correlation with the type of heart disease. The model is useful in describing the loading of the left ventricle produced by the systemic circulation. It may also have application to the study of vascular disease.
Public sector strategic planning for the year 2000

The purpose of this article is to suggest a way of undertaking strategic planning in local government, to discuss the various steps involved in strategic planning for communities and to demonstrate the success of the strategic planning process by presenting a case study of Virginia Beach, Virginia. A rapidly growing community of approximately 480,000 residents, located in the state of Virginia on the south-eastern seaboard of the United States, Virginia Beach is a major tourist centre and derives much of its income from the thousands of tourists who flock to her beaches in the summer. As a fast growing community, Virginia Beach is trying to plan for its future and recognizes that it must prepare for the economic, social and demographic changes that are rapidly occurring.
Going Cognitive: Tools for Rebuilding the Social Sciences

This chapter is an attempt to provide a few examples of the ways in which routine methods of cognitive science could be applied to improve social scientific investigations concerned with judgment, decision, reason, and choice. Since judgment, decision, reason, and choice are cognitive and conceptual operations, these foundations should draw as much as possible on the best research from cognitive science.
The design of correcting secondary reflectors

A computer program called DERIVE is described for the design of the reflecting surfaces of two-mirror radio telescopes. It calculates the shape of a secondary reflector to any given primary by use of geometrical optics, yielding zero path length errors for all paraxial rays. The only condition to be fulfilled is (for Cassegrain types) that incoming rays, after reflection at the primary, do not cross each other before reaching the secondary. Equations for this condition are given. This method can be used to improve existing telescopes at short wavelengths by correcting for the surface deviations of the primary reflector with a specially shaped secondary. The results of 17 calculated examples are described, for various types of deviations
Risk for mood pathology: neural and psychological markers of abnormal negative information processing.

Clinically, psychologists and psychiatrists have long known that depression is associated with altered processing of negative information, with depressed individuals frequently reporting an enhanced focus on negative (or potentially negative) information in their environment. Consistent with these clinical observations, a large body of empirical research has shown that depressed individuals show altered processing of negative stimuli 1 and consistent
Cultural Influences on Social and Self-Relevant Memory

Culture can impact the way in which an individual perceives the world around him or her. While definitions of culture vary widely between and within the varying social sciences, a cross-disciplinary definition might encompass culture as the values, ideas, and systems of belief that are shared amongst a network of interacting individuals who form a societal structure from which persons derive a sense of identification and interpret the world around them (Bruner, 1990; D’Andrade, 1984; DiMaggio, 1997; Geertz, 1973; Kashima, Woolcock, & Kashima, 2000; Sperber, 1996). Thus, culture can influence cognition related to social, emotional, and self-relevant processes. These processes correspondingly can shape the construction of culture, through the effects of personally held values and ideas as well as through interactions with others. A host of research indicates that Westerners tend to focus on objects, categories, and the self as an independent entity, whereas Easterners attend more to contexts, functional relationships, and group-relevant information. The lens imparted by one’s culture can direct attention, filtering which aspects of one’s environment are noted and encoded into memory (Gutchess & Indeck, 2009). In terms of memory retrieval, the cultural lens can shape which details are stored in memory and which cues serve as effective elicitors of information from memory.
Outcomes and Aging

To the Editor: I am writing to you regarding the report on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation by Fitzgerald et al and your subsequent discussion with Mark DeCarlo, James Irrgang, and Kevin Wilk in the February 2000 issue of the Journal. I read the report with great interest that is not only clinical in origin but also personal in origin, about which I will explain shortly. I have reason to suspect that the long-term outcome of the “successful” participants of the study may not be as positive as the short-term outcome. This suspicion is based on my personal experience and leads me to wonder about the status of the patients who participated in the nonoperative ACL rehabilitation programs as they age. I am a physical therapist currently practicing in an outpatient clinic with a mixed patient population in terms of ages and diagnoses. I will tell you a succinct version of my own story in chronological order, as it is easier to explain. I played soccer competitively beginning in junior high school and throughout high school and college. At the beginning of my sophomore year of college (early in the fall soccer season), I tripped one night over a ball and tore my ACL. At the time, I had moderate swelling and pain that lasted 2 …
Pharmacotherapy for Sexual Offenders

The last two decades have brought intense focus on identifying, containing, and managing the burgeoning number of individuals who sexually offend. Similar to other emotional and behavioral problems, i.e., depression, substance abuse, and violent behavior, sexual offending may or may not be driven by psychiatric factors and need to be considered in a biopsychosocial context. Similar to how substance abuse has been dealt with in the past, sexual offending is primarily dealt with as a law enforcement/criminal justice issue focused on retribution, incapacitation, and deterrence. Treatment, when considered at all, rarely involves the use of medications even though a significant percentage of offenders have psychiatric disorders including paraphilia. Pharmacotherapy, unequivocally established as a standard of care for mood and anxiety problems and increasingly considered for addiction, is rarely used for treating sex offenders. Nevertheless, the human and financial costs of sexual crimes in society call for the use of every effective strategy in dealing with it. Most mental health professionals who deal with sexual offenders do not have medical backgrounds and may not be aware that medications can help manage paraphilic disorders or the comorbid psychiatric conditions that may trigger or worsen such behavior. This chapter addresses the barriers to pharmacologic management, state of the art of patient selection, and use of antiandrogen and other psychiatric drugs in this population. Turf issues, the reluctance of psychiatrists to be involved in treating sex offenders, patient resistance, treatment rationale, and the various classes of drugs use are discussed. Guidelines for medical workup, patient safety and autonomy, informed consent process, monitoring compliance, and legal and ethical issues are addressed.
The role of endogenous dopamine as an inhibitory neuromodulator in neonatal and adult carotid bodies.

The carotid chemoreceptors, the major sensors of arterial oxygen concentration in mammals, mediate ventilatory and arousal responses to hypoxia that are crucial for survival of the neonate Carotid chemoreceptor denervation in newborn animals markedly increases mortality rate during postnatal development (Hofer, 1984, Bureau et al, 1985, Donnelly & Haddad, 1990) We and others have previously demonstrated that carotid chemoreceptor responses to hypoxia are weak in neonates and increase during postnatal development (Carroll et al, 1993, Marchai et al, 1992) Ventilatory responses to hypoxia are also weak in newborns and increase during postnatal maturation (Bonora & Gautier, 1987, Eden & Hanson, 1987) The mechanisms by which carotid chemoreceptor and ventilatory responses increase during postnatal development are not known
The Hysterical Seizure

(1976). The Hysterical Seizure. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 23-29.
Association Between Left Atrial Stiffness Index and Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Ablation

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant abnormalities of left atrial (LA) systolic and diastolic function. This study describes a novel measure, LA stiffness index, that estimates LA diastolic function and its association with clinical outcomes of catheter ablation. Methods and Results— A total of 219 AF patients referred for ablation (59% paroxysmal, mean CHA2DS2VASc score 1.7±1.4) were enrolled. Atrial pressure and volume loops were prepared from invasive pressure measures and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging volumetric data during sinus rhythm for all patients. An LA stiffness index was created, defined by the ratio of change in LA pressure to volume during passive filling of LA (ΔP/ΔV). Patients were followed prospectively. Mean LA stiffness index for AF patients was 0.6±0.5 mm Hg/mL (paroxysmal AF 0.51±0.4 and persistent AF 0.73±0.6; P <0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a rise in the stiffness index with age, increasing at a rate of 0.02 mm Hg/mL per year ( P <0.001). The LA stiffness index was higher in patients with previous LA ablation(s) for AF (0.51±0.35 versus 0.83±0.70; P <0.001). Forty of 160 patients had recurrence after AF ablation with a mean follow-up of 10.4±7.6 months. Patients with recurrence had higher stiffness index than those without recurrence (0.83±0.46 versus 0.40±0.22; P <0.001). Conclusions— LA stiffness index, a novel measure to assess LA diastolic function, increases with age and is higher in persistent AF and in the setting of repeat AF ablation. Greater LA stiffness index was independently associated with recurrence of AF after LA ablation.
Nanovoid formation and mechanics: a comparison of poly(dicyclopentadiene) and epoxy networks from molecular dynamics simulations.

Protective equipment in civilian and military applications requires the use of polymer materials that are both stiff and tough over a wide range of strain rates. However, typical structural materials, like tightly cross-linked epoxies, are very brittle. Recent experiments demonstrated that cross-linked poly(dicyclopentadiene) (pDCPD) networks can circumvent this trade-off by providing structural properties such as a high glass transition temperature and glassy modulus, while simultaneously exhibiting excellent toughness and high-rate impact resistance. The greater performance of pDCPD was attributed to more facile plastic deformation and nano-scale void formation, but the chemical and structural mechanisms underlying this response were not clear. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics to compare the molecular- and chain-level properties of pDCPD and epoxy networks undergoing high strain rate deformation. We quantify the tensile modulus and yield strength of the networks as well as the prevalence and characteristics of nanovoids that form during deformation. Networks of similar molecular weight between cross-links are compared. Two key molecular-level properties are identified – monomer flexibility and polar chemistry – that influence the behavior of the networks. Increasing monomer flexibility reduces the modulus and yield strength, while strong non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds) that accompany polar moieties provide higher modulus and yield strength. The lack of strong non-covalent interactions in pDCPD was found to account for its lower modulus and yield strength compared to the epoxies. We examine the molecular-level properties of nanovoids, such as shape, alignment, and local stress distribution, as well as the local chemical environment, finding that nanovoid formation and growth are increased by the monomer rigidity but decreased by polar chemistry. As a result, the pDCPD network, which has a stiff chain backbone with nonpolar alkane chemistry, exhibits more and larger nanovoids that grow more readily during deformation, which could account for the higher toughness and more ductile behavior observed in pDCPD.
Scaling of Body Weight in Bats and Rodents

The scaling of body weight on length of head and body apparently differs between bats (Chiroptera) and nonvolant mammals. For the countries of Nigeria and Thailand, least-squares linear regressions of log-transformed body weight of bats had significantly shallower ( P < 0.01) slopes than did regressions for nonvolant mammals.
ATP-uncoupled, six-electron photoreduction of hydrogen cyanide to methane by the molybdenum-iron protein.

A detailed study of the eight-electron/eight-proton catalytic reaction of nitrogenase has been hampered by the fact that electron and proton flow in this system is controlled by ATP-dependent protein–protein interactions. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to circumvent the dependence on ATP through the use of potent small-molecule reductants or light-driven electron injection, but success has been limited to two-electron reductions of hydrazine, acetylene, or protons. Here we show that a variant of the molybdenum–iron protein labeled with a Ru-photosensitizer can support the light-driven, six-electron catalytic reduction of hydrogen cyanide into methane and likely also ammonia. Our findings suggest that the efficiency of this light-driven system is limited by the initial one- or two-electron reduction of the catalytic cofactor (FeMoco) to enable substrate binding, but the subsequent electron-transfer steps into the FeMoco-bound substrate proceed efficiently.
Phosphine fumigation of thick-film polyethylene food bags and laminated film food packets.

Small, heat-sealed polyethylene bags containing airtight food packets were fumigated with phosphine according to recommended procedures. Some internal packets contamed simulated insect penetrations. Toxic levels of phosphine were found in the 254-μ polyethylene film bags within 24 h, but high levels (92 ppm) were still present after 72 h of aeration. Phosphine did not permeate intact internal packets. There was no survival of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in packets with simulated penetrations. Some insects survived for 19 to 20 days in one type of intact, fumigated, or nonfumigated packet. None survived in the other intact, nonfurnigated packets. Phosphine residues exceeding 0.01 ppm were found in foods from slit or penetrated packets after 23 days of aeration.
On Two Halves Being Two Wholes

(1984). On Two Halves Being Two Wholes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 190-193.
Purification and Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Discovered Using SELDI-TOF MS

Purification and identification of candidate biomarkers is a critical step in the biomarker development process, since it provides insight into the disease biology and facilitates the development of analyte-specific assays. Top-down biomarker discovery workflows like SELDI-TOF MS yield candidate markers that are identified based on native mass. Positive identification of these candidate biomarkers requires further enrichment and/or purification. While purification methods must be optimized for each protein target, there are two general workflows. Native peptides under approximately 4 kDa can be subjected to direct sequence analysis using a tandem mass spectrometer whereas proteins over approximately 4 kDa usually require proteolytic digestion prior to MS/MS analysis. In both cases, partial purification is usually necessary to enrich the candidate biomarker relative to other proteins in a complex biological mixture. This chapter provides detailed protocols for protein purification (including anion exchange, metal affinity, and reverse phase chromatography as well as SDS-PAGE) and identification (including protein processing, digestion, and database searching).
Bladder cancer: a condition worthy of clinical investigation.

Bladder cancer is a complex neoplasm with multiple histologic subtypes and a wide spectrum of clinical states, ranging from relatively nonlethal Ta cancers to virulent M1 disease.
The Bayesian Argument from Animal Pain

We have been considering the nature of the datum that is the foundation of the problem of animal pain. The first chapter identified the problem as one of a potential failing in comparative confirmation relative to animal suffering. The second chapter defended the possibility and sensibleness of making the kinds of judgments necessary for that kind of problem to exist and clarified important features of the datum. Now that we have clarified our starting point adequately, we can discuss the path from there to the problem for theism. I will give the problem a probabilistic analysis. This chapter will cover three things. First, I will briefly describe the formal structure of the argument in Bayesian terms. Then I will consider, for each of the two components of the equation, what a plausible assessment of their values might be. The first step is of obvious importance. The second (two-part) step is important for situating the importance of the outcome of considering the problem of animal pain and situating it within a broader context in the philosophy of religion.
A Theoretical and Historical Update on Retail Store Image and Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction

According to the existing literature, there is a distinct consensus regarding the definition of store image as an abstract mental picture that a consumer develops based on an evaluation of subjective and objective elements. There, however, have been conflicting empirical findings in instances where attempts have been made to operationalize the concept of store image in order to either measure or improve consumer satisfaction. In this paper, the authors juxtapose the Herzberg dual-factor theory about job satisfaction and the prevailing knowledge of store image in an attempt to resolve some of the conflicts referred to in the literature.
Preclinical evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing VEGF to treat critical limb ischemia

Numerous clinical trials are utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to treat critical limb ischemia, primarily for their ability to secrete signals that promote revascularization. These cells have demonstrated clinical safety, but their efficacy has been limited, possibly because these paracrine signals are secreted at subtherapeutic levels. In these studies the combination of cell and gene therapy was evaluated by engineering MSC with a lentivirus to overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To achieve clinical compliance, the number of viral insertions was limited to 1–2 copies/cell and a constitutive promoter with demonstrated clinical safety was used. MSC/VEGF showed statistically significant increases in blood flow restoration as compared with sham controls, and more consistent improvements as compared with nontransduced MSC. Safety of MSC/VEGF was assessed in terms of genomic stability, rule-out tumorigenicity, and absence of edema or hemangiomas in vivo. In terms of retention, injected MSC/VEGF showed a steady decline over time, with a very small fraction of MSC/VEGF remaining for up to 4.5 months. Additional safety studies completed include absence of replication competent lentivirus, sterility tests, and absence of VSV-G viral envelope coding plasmid. These preclinical studies are directed toward a planned phase 1 clinical trial to treat critical limb ischemia.
Control of 1,3-cyclohexadiene ring-opening

Control over the cyclohexadiene ring-opening is achieved via multiphoton excitation. A learning algorithm searched for excitation pulses while pulse effectiveness was evaluated using transient absorption. Control parameters are identified through analysis of the search set.
What's Wrong with America's Antidumping Policy?

Antidumping actions have been an increasingly popular means of dealing with alleged unfair international trade practices in the last few decades. In the 1970s, only the United States and a few other countries used antidumping laws to prevent or punish foreign producers for alleged inappropriate trade policies, but these laws have become much more popular and widespread since the creation of the World Trade Organization. This paper discusses some of the most serious problems with the current U.S. antidumping policy. A bibliography with links to more than 100 articles on trade is also included.
Sensing Membrane Curvature in Macroautophagy

In response to intracellular stress events ranging from starvation to pathogen invasion, the cell activates one or more forms of macroautophagy. The key event in these related pathways is the de novo formation of a new organelle called the autophagosome, which either surrounds and sequesters random portions of the cytoplasm or selectively targets individual intracellular challenges. Thus, the autophagosome is a flexible membrane platform with dimensions that ultimately depend upon the target cargo. The intermediate membrane, termed the phagophore or isolation membrane, is a cup-like structure with a clear concave face and a highly curved rim. The phagophore is largely devoid of integral membrane proteins; thus, its shape and size are governed by peripherally associated membrane proteins and possibly by the lipid composition of the membrane itself. Growth along the phagophore rim marks the progress of both organelle expansion and ultimately organelle closure around a particular cargo. These two properties, a reliance on peripheral membrane proteins and a structurally distinct membrane architecture, suggest that the ability to target or manipulate membrane curvature might be an essential activity of proteins functioning in this pathway. In this review, we discuss the extent to which membranes are naturally curved at each of the cellular sites believed to engage in autophagosome formation, review basic mechanisms used to sense this curvature, and then summarize the existing literature concerning which autophagy proteins are capable of curvature recognition.