cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organometallic Ni Pincer Complexes for the Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen

Nonplatinum metals are needed to perform cost-effective water reduction electrocatalysis to enable technological implementation of a proposed hydrogen economy. We describe electrocatalytic proton reduction and H2 production by two organometallic nickel complexes with tridentate pincer ligands. The kinetics of H2 production from voltammetry is consistent with an overall third order rate law: the reaction is second order in acid and first order in catalyst. Hydrogen production with 90–95% Faradaic yields was confirmed by gas analysis, and UV–vis spectroscopy suggests that the ligand remains bound to the catalyst over the course of the reaction. A computational study provides mechanistic insights into the proposed catalytic cycle. Furthermore, two proposed intermediates in the proton reduction cycle were isolated in a representative system and show a catalytic response akin to the parent compound.
A method for determining depth profiles of transition elements in steels

Abstract Nondestructive measurements of the depth concentration profiles of metals of the transition element region (Sc through Cu) in steels are important for the determination of optimum parameters for implants or combinations of implants made for the purpose of affecting surface properties such as corrosion or wear. However, because of mass considerations, Rutherford backscattering is ineffective in measuring such profiles for these elements. The (p, γ) resonance reaction, previously associated with analysis of low- Z elements, is shown to be useful in circumventing this difficulty. It has been demonstrated, at least for a number of elements in this region, that relatively strong, sufficiently isolated, low-energy resonance exists which permit the profiling of these elements in iron or steel. Such an analysis may be accomplished, provided that the resonance may unambiguously be quantified by use of the low-efficiency but high-resolution germanium detector to identify the primary gamma-ray transitions from the capturing level to the ground or low-lying excited states, or in some cases, some of the intermediate transitions, if they are unique to that resonance. The small cross sections for the reaction and the relatively inefficient detector require the use of high beam currents and/or long exposures to the beam. The sensitivity of the method usually allows profiling elements implanted at normal voltages with fluences in the range of greater than 10 16 atom/cm 2 . Examples are given of profiling the elements Ti, Cr, and Ni implanted in iron and steel samples.
Transient and intermittent crack growth during embrittlement of 7075-T651 aluminum by mercury

This paper presents some results which show intermittent and transient crack growth behavior of a high strength aluminum alloy embrittled by liquid mercury. Run-arrest-run type of cracking behavior resulted in ''n'' and ''m''-shaped curves on the crack velocity (da/dt) vs. stress intensity (K) diagram. While variations in oxygen activity in the crack tip environment may play a role in producing non-unique /nu/-K behavior, the results reported here suggest that formation and rupture of ligaments during crack extension may also be at work in a way that causes the stress intensity associated with the field local to the crack tip (K/sub tip/) to vary stochastically as the crack extends.
Cardiorespiratory Interactions: The Relationship Between Mechanical Ventilation and Hemodynamics

The overall goal of the cardiorespiratory system is to provide the organs and tissues of the body with an adequate supply of oxygen in relation to oxygen consumption. An understanding of the complex physiologic interactions between the respiratory and cardiac systems is essential to optimal patient management. Alterations in intrathoracic pressure are transmitted to the heart and lungs and can dramatically alter cardiovascular performance, with significant differences existing between the physiologic response of the right and left ventricles to changes in intrathoracic pressure. In terms of cardiorespiratory interactions, the clinician should titrate the mean airway pressure to optimize the balance between mean lung volume (ie, arterial oxygenation) and ventricular function (ie, global cardiac output), minimize pulmonary vascular resistance, and routinely monitor cardiorespiratory parameters closely. Oxygen delivery to all organs and tissues of the body should be optimized, but not necessarily maximized. The heart and lungs are, obviously, connected anatomically but also physiologically in a complex relationship.
Multi-institutional studies of diagnostic imaging: potential methodology for PACS evaluation

are complex systems for managing and displaying information and their evaluation adds a whole new layer ofmethodologic complications to the ordinary evaluation studies of diagnostic procedures. The assessment of theeffect of PACS on diagnostic accuracy is certainly going to be a key component in their evaluation. But thatis not all. For example, in his presentation Professor Kundel discussed an application of utility theory to PACS
Spectroscopic approaches to the study of the interaction of aluminum with humic substances

Abstract Aluminum ion (Al 3+ ) in the ‘free’ (aquo) state is becoming increasingly prevalent in environmental waters, especially fresh waters, as a consequence of acid rain and other environmental processes. As Al 3+ ion is known to affect markedly a wide range of biological systems, and since the presence of Al 3+ in humans has been linked to a number of human diseases, it is important to understand the speciation of Al 3+ ion in natural waters. Since some of the most important complexation agents for Al 3+ in both fresh and sea waters are members of the complex humic substances group, it is important to understand the manner in which Al 3+ interacts with this class of molecules, especially since binding of Al 3+ to these molecules can effectively increase the bioavailability of this toxic metal ion to biological systems. The objective of this review is to present the current state of our understanding of aqueous aluminum complexation with the most acidic members (and therefore the most likely candidates for serving as Al 3+ complexing agents) of the humic substances group, the fulvic acids. Much of the current knowledge has been revealed by comprehensive fluorescence titration analyses. Some additional information has come from other experimental approaches, including infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a variety of electrochemical approaches. In this review, we also report on the results of our recent fluorescence and IR spectroscopy survey of the interaction of metals from of all three Nieboer and Richardson categories of environmental metals (Class A, Class B and Intermediate Class) with the fulvic acid sub-group of the humic substances. This has proven helpful in understanding some of the unique spectral behaviors of the Al 3+ –fulvic acid complex vis-a-vis fulvic acid complexes with many other metal ions. The results of our fluorescence and IR experiments with the model compounds, such as salicylic and phthalic acids, have allowed confirmation of the important roles played by both salicylic acid-like sites and phthalic acid-like sites in the unique complexation of Al 3+ to humic substances, and help to explain some of the observed spectroscopic changes associated with Al 3+ ion complexation to humic material. From the current work, it seems clear that major sources of the deviation in spectral properties between Al 3+ and many other metal ions (across all three Nieboer and Richardson categories) are the unusually high value of its charge density and relatively low propensity for involvement in covalent bonding interactions (i.e. a very high ionic index combined with a relatively low covalent index in the Nieboer and Richardson classification of environmental metals), as well as affinity for certain functional groups.
Testing the homogeneity of the means of several groups of count data in the presence of unequal dispersions

Extra-dispersion (overdispersion or underdispersion) is a common phenomenon in practice when the variance of count data differs from that of a Poisson model. This can arise when the data come from different subpopulations or when the assumption of independence is violated. This paper develops a procedure for testing the equality of the means of several groups of counts, when extra-dispersions among the treatment groups are unequal, based on the adjusted counts using the concept of the design and size effects employed by Rao and Scott, [Rao, J.N.K., Scott, A.J., 1999. A simple method for analyzing overdispersion in clustered Poisson data. Statist. Med. 18, 1373-1385]. We also obtain the score-type test statistics based on quasi-likelihoods using the mean-variance structure of the negative binomial model, and study the properties and performance characteristics of these. The simulation results indicate that the statistic based on the adjusted count data, which has a very simple form and does not require the estimates of the extra-dispersion parameters, performs best among all the statistics considered in this paper. Finally, the proposed test statistic and the score-type statistic based on double-extended quasi-likelihood are illustrated by an analysis of a set of fetal implants in mice arising from a developmental toxicity study.
Usnic acid-induced necrosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes: inhibition of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress

Usnic acid, a lichen acid, is a compound found in crude medicines and dietary supplements, including Lipokinetix, a supplement marketed as a weight loss agent that caused hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in patients. In this study, we examined the toxicity of usnic acid and assessed whether usnic acid may be contributing to hepatotoxicity caused by Lipokinetix. In primary cultured murine hepatocytes, usnic acid treatment (5 microM) resulted in 98% necrosis within 16 hr (no apoptosis was detected). Usnic acid treatment was associated with early inhibition and uncoupling of the electron transport chain in mitochondria of cultured hepatocytes. This inhibition of mitochondria by usnic acid corresponded with a fall in ATP levels in hepatocytes. In isolated liver mitochondria, usnic acid was observed to directly inhibit and uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative stress appears to be central in usnic acid-induced hepatotoxicity based on the following findings: (1) pretreatment with antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene+Vitamin E) decreased usnic acid-induced necrosis by nearly 70%; (2) depletion of mitochondrial GSH with diethylmaleate increased susceptibility of hepatocytes to usnic acid; (3) usnic acid treatment was associated with increase free radical generation, measured using the fluorescent probe, dichlorodihydrofluorescin. The source of reactive oxygen species after usnic acid treatment include autoxidation of usnic acid and increased hydrogen peroxide generation by mitochondria caused by usnic acid inhibition of the respiratory chain, with the latter playing a more prominent role. Taken together, our results suggest that usnic acid is a strong hepatotoxic agent that triggers oxidative stress and disrupts the normal metabolic processes of cells. Usnic acid therefore may contribute to the hepatotoxic effects of Lipokinetix and its use in any supplement must come into question.
Factors Influencing the Citrus Nematode and Its Control On Citrus Replants in Arizona1 )

A preplanting soil fumigation experiment was done under hot desert conditions in Arizona to study citrus nematode control and response of young grapefruit trees planted in place of old infected trees. D-D was applied at the rates of 425 and 850 liters per hectare. Untreated plots served as controls. Almost complete control of citrus nematodes over a 3-year period was obtained at both levels of fumigation and also in the unfumigated plots. Control in the untreated plots was probably due to the high soil temperature on unshaded soil around the young trees. As the trees grew and provided shade, the nematode population increased in the untreated plots. Tree measurements taken annually for 6 years showed a steady growth rate but no differences in rate of growth of differently treated trees.
"YOU CAN'T HUSTLE ALL YOUR LIFE": AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE EXIT PROCESS AMONG STREET-LEVEL PROSTITUTED WOMEN

Between 1998 and 1999, 43 street-level prostituted women were interviewed regarding their developmental experiences, including prostitution entry, maintenance, and exit attempts. Three years later, 18 of the original 43 participants were located and interviewed. This exploratory follow-up investigation focused on the women's life experiences between the two points of contact, with emphasis on sex-industry exit attempts. Five women had maintained their exit efforts and had not returned to prostitution, nine had returned to both prostitution and drug use, and one had returned to prostitution only. Three additional women had violated parole and been reincarcerated. Themes evident among those who were able to stay out of prostitution and refrain from substance use are compared to those whose exit attempts had not been successful. Suggestions for intervention and outreach are presented, as are directions for future work.
"Fast Chopper" Time-of-Flight Measurement of Neutron Resonances

A high-resolution neutron velocity selector, or "fast chopper," has been constructed and is in routine operation at the Brookhaven reactor. It consists of a high-speed rotor that produces bursts of neutrons of about 1-\ensuremath{\mu}sec duration, together with a neutron detector at the end of a 20-meter flight path and circuits with which the time of flight is measured. The construction and operating characteristics of the equipment are described briefly. The methods that are used for analysis of sample transmission curves in the energy regions of good and of poor resolution are presented, together with curves used to correct for the effects of Doppler broadening and sample thickness. In the good resolution region the measured total cross section in the vicinity of a resonance can be interpreted to give the total width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and $g{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$. In the poor resolution region only the quantity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{2}$, which is proportional to $g{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, is obtained. Measured parameters for levels in the 2 to 200 ev energy region are given for silver, iodine, thorium, gold, manganese, and cobalt. The results are compared with theoretical expectations.
Automated standard addition for fluorimetric steady-state and reaction-rate measurements

Abstract Instrumentation and methodology are described in which fluorescence measurements are made on a sample before and after a microcomputer-controlled injection of a standard-addition aliquot. From the two measurements an dother information, the analyte concentration in the sample is calculated and reported. The automated standard-addition procedure is shown to reduce measurement errors of 25–40% due to the presence of matrix quenchers or absorbers to less than 2% for fluorimetric steady-state measurements of quinine sulfate and in a fluorimetric reaction-rate method for determination of aluminum.
Money and Price Level Determination in China

The quantity theory of money provides a useful starting point in explaining the price level in China. The ratio of money supply to real output is an important variable in explaining the price level, but the elasticity is below unity, suggesting that velocity is not constant. A short-run model for changes in the price level explains the Chinese annual data from 1952 to 1983 better than the United States data from 1922 to 1953. This model is stable after 1979 and forecasts well in 1984. J. Comp. Econ. September 1987, 11(3), pp. 319–333. Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544.
Swelling of the lens fibers.

Abstract Lens cells of congenital mouse cataract (Nakano and Fraser strains) and galactose-fed rats were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Similarly lens cells of normal young mice and rats were examined as controls. Normal lenses of young rodents consist of lens fibers in all maturation stages which have been demonstrated in humans and in monkeys. Lens cells in the congenitally cataractous lenses are irregular in size and shape in the earlier stage of the cataract formation. Swelling of the lens cell occurs corresponding to the occurrence of early optical opacity. Swelling of the cell occurs segmentally in congential cataractous lenses; in the apical ends (Fraser) and in the posterior ends (Nakano). Similar swelling of the lens cell is observed in the main cell body in the superficial lens cortex of galactose-fed rats. However, numerous intercellular cysts are formed by the accumulation of fluid which may have been pumped out of the cells before the cells became degenerative. These numerous shrunken fibers are present among swollen cells in both congenital and galactose-induced cataractous lenses.
Flowfield Measurements Using a Total Temperature Probe at Hypersonic Speeds

A "fine wire" total temperature probe has been constructed, calibrated, and used at hypersonic speeds. The calibration was performed at Mach numbers of 2, 6, and 25, stagnation temperatures from 300 K 2500 K and Reynolds number (based on conditions behind the shock and wire diameter) from 10 2 to 10. Calculating the conduction, convection and radiation losses by the equations developed for the hot wire, the probe gave the gas temperature to within 10 % of the calculated adiabatic wire temperature over a major portion of the Reynolds number range. The probe was then used to provide the total temperature in the shock layer of a sharp 10° half-angle cone at Afw ~ 19, T0 ~ 1700°K and Re^/in. ~ 40,000. With the additional measurements of the wall static pressure and Pitot profile, the flowfield characteristics were determined and compared with some available theoretical predictions.
Diagonalization of the Kondo Hamiltonian

The Kondo Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalized with use of a modified Bethe Ansatz. The zero-temperature magnetic susceptibility is also calculated.
Effects of tempol and redox-cycling nitroxides in models of oxidative stress

Tempol is a redox-cycling nitroxide that promotes the metabolism of many reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves nitric oxide bioavailability. It has been studied extensively in animal models of oxidative stress. Tempol has been shown to preserve mitochondria against oxidative damage and improve tissue oxygenation. Tempol improved insulin responsiveness in models of diabetes mellitus and improved the dyslipidemia, reduced the weight gain and prevented diastolic dysfunction and heart failure in fat-fed models of the metabolic syndrome. Tempol protected many organs, including the heart and brain, from ischemia/reperfusion damage. Tempol prevented podocyte damage, glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria and progressive loss of renal function in models of salt and mineralocorticosteroid excess. It reduced brain or spinal cord damage after ischemia or trauma and exerted a spinal analgesic action. Tempol improved survival in several models of shock. It protected normal cells from radiation while maintaining radiation sensitivity of tumor cells. Its paradoxical pro-oxidant action in tumor cells accounted for a reduction in spontaneous tumor formation. Tempol was effective in some models of neurodegeneration. Thus, tempol has been effective in preventing several of the adverse consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that underlie radiation damage and many of the diseases associated with aging. Indeed, tempol given from birth prolonged the life span of normal mice. However, presently tempol has been used only in human subjects as a topical agent to prevent radiation-induced alopecia.
Benzoate Therapy and Carnitine Deficiency in Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia

Five patients presenting with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia in the neonatal period were treated with sodium benzoate to normalize plasma glycine levels. This therapy resulted in seizure reduction and a marked increase in wakefulness. Plasma carnitine deficiency was noted in three of four patients tested, and benzoylcarnitine was identified in plasma, urine, and CSF. Treatment with L-carnitine normalized plasma free carnitine. L-carnitine showed a tendency to increase the glycine conjugation of benzoate. An episode of coma and increased seizures in one patient was associated with a toxic level of benzoate, probably due to insufficient mobilization of glycine for conjugation. High dose benzoate therapy improved the quality of life of surviving patients. Close monitoring of glycine, benzoate and carnitine levels is advised.
LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION

PROBLEM: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 family and has different biological actions in various tissue systems. Although named for its ability to inhibit proliferation of a myeloid leukemic cell line by inducing differentiation, it also regulates the growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells, peripheral neurons, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. LIF is crucial for successful implantation of the embryo in mice. Currently, there is an accumulation of data about the role of LIF in human reproduction. METHOD OF STUDY: This review of the literature and of our studies focuses on the expression, regulation, and effects of LIF in the human endometrium, fallopian tube, and ovarian follicle. RESULTS: Human endometrium expresses LIF in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner. Maximal expression is observed between days 19 and 25 of the menstrual cycle, coinciding with the time of implantation. Various cytokines and growth factors induce endometrial LIF expression in vitro. LIF receptor is expressed in endometrial tissue throughout the menstrual cycle and on human blastocysts in a stage-dependent manner. Affecting the trophoblast differentiation pathway toward the adhesive phenotype, LIF plays a role in implantation. LIF is also expressed and secreted by the epithelial cells of the fallopian tube. Its increased expression in the tubal stromal cell cultures by the inflammatory cytokines suggests a link between salpingitis and ectopic implantation in the tube. The rising follicular fluid LIF level around the time of ovulation indicates that LIF may play a role in ovulatory events, early embryonic development, and implantation. CONCLUSIONS: There is growing evidence that LIF may be one of the entities that plays a role in human reproduction.
The role of hole mobility in scintillator proportionality

Abstract Time-dependent radial diffusion and drift are modeled in the high carrier concentration gradient characteristic of electron tracks in scintillators and other radiation detector materials. As expected, the lower mobility carrier (typically the hole) controls the ambipolar diffusion. Carrier separation when electron and hole mobilities are unequal produces a built-in radial electric field near the track analogous to an n-intrinsic semiconductor junction. The diffusion is shown to have significant effects on both the low dE / dx and high dE / dx ends of electron light-yield curves and their respective contributions to nonproportionality. In CsI:Tl, it is shown that electron confinement toward the end of the track accentuates high-order quenching such as Auger recombination or dipole–dipole transfer, while in HPGe extremely rapid ( dE / dx .
Dissolution Kinetics of Certain Crystalline Forms of Prednisolone II: Influence of Low Concentrations of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

The crystal behavior, solubilities, and dissolution rates of three crystalline forms of prednisolone were investigated in dilute sodium lauryl sulfate solutions. A solubilization effect was noted at concentrations considerably below the critical micelle concentration. Also, at a concentration of 0.1 per cent sodium lauryl sulfate the release from supersaturation of a metastable anhydrous crystal form was more rapid than in purely aqueous solutions. Substantial dissolution rate increases were observed in the surface-active media. It appeared that these increases could be accounted for by the solubilization effect and an apparent increase in the interfacial reaction rate.
Cross-Resistance of Pseudomonas to Gentamicin and Tobramycin

Clinical isolates of gentamicin-resistant organisms were found to be resistant to tobramycin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic.
Triadic Gaze Intervention for Young Children With Physical Disabilities

Purpose This randomized controlled study investigated whether a supplemental treatment designed to teach triadic gaze (TG) as a signal of coordinated joint attention would yield a significantly greater increase in TG in the experimental versus control group. Method Eighteen 10- to 24-month-old children with severe motor impairments were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 9) or control group (n = 9). For approximately 29 sessions over 17 weeks, experimental participants received TG treatment twice weekly with a speech-language pathologist in addition to standard practice. Control participants received only standard practice from birth-to-three therapists. Coders who were masked to group assignment coded TG productions with an unfamiliar speech-language pathologist at baseline, every 3 weeks during the experimental phase, and at the final measurement session. Results TG increased across groups from baseline to final measurement, with the experimental group showing slightly greater change. Performance...
Illusion of inclusion: the failure of the gender paradigm to account for intimate partner violence in LGBT relationships

This article examines the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature, particularly scholarship of the gender paradigm, for a heteronormative bias-- normative expectations, constraints, and demands of heterosexuality. Beginning with a critique of the gender paradigm's framing of IPV as an extension of patriarchy that assumes a male perpetuator and female victim, this article moves to examine research on female perpetrators to gain insight on alternative arrangements of perpetrators and victims. Next, this article analyzes heteronormative biases implicit in policy implications and intervention services of the dominant gender paradigm theoretical framework. Finally, we discuss treatment options for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender perpetrators, with suggestions for future services. Language: en
Ice -COLD-PCR enables rapid amplification and robust enrichment for low-abundance unknown DNA mutations

Identifying low-abundance mutations within wild-type DNA is important in several fields of medicine, including cancer, prenatal diagnosis and infectious diseases. However, utilizing the clinical and diagnostic potential of rare mutations is limited by sensitivity of the molecular techniques employed, especially when the type and position of mutations are unknown. We have developed a novel platform that incorporates a synthetic reference sequence within a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction, designed to enhance amplification of unknown mutant sequences during COLD-PCR (CO-amplification at Lower Denaturation temperature). This new platform enables an Improved and Complete Enrichment (ice-COLD-PCR) for all mutation types and eliminates shortcomings of previous formats of COLD-PCR. We evaluated ice-COLD-PCR enrichment in regions of TP53 in serially diluted mutant and wild-type DNA mixtures. Conventional-PCR, COLD-PCR and ice-COLD-PCR amplicons were run in parallel and sequenced to determine final mutation abundance for a range of mutations representing all possible single base changes. Amplification by ice-COLD-PCR enriched all mutation types and allowed identification of mutation abundances down to 1%, and 0.1% by Sanger sequencing or pyrosequencing, respectively, surpassing the capabilities of other forms of PCR. Ice-COLD-PCR will help elucidate the clinical significance of low-abundance mutations and our understanding of cancer origin, evolution, recurrence-risk and treatment diagnostics.
ORGANIZATION AS STRATEGY: RESTRUCTURING PRODUCTION IN THE FILM INDUSTRY

Few changes in the structure of firms have attracted as much attention during the last decade as the movement away from integrated production and toward cooperative relations among independent organizations. Despite recent emphasis on these strategies of 'disaggregation' and 'network' organization, little quantitative research exists on the impact of this type of reorganization on economic performance—at least in part due to the difficulty of obtaining appropriate data. The economic impact of disaggregation is examined in this paper using data on film production in the period after World War II.
Concerning a Percolation Concept of Zeta Potential and Electrokinetic Phenomena in Bio-Systems

The electrokinetic or zeta potential is the basic notion in theory of electrokinetic phenomena. It is defined as electric potential in the interfacial electrical double layer (EDL) at the location of the “slipping plane” versus a point in the bulk fluid away from the interface. Many interfacial/electrokinetic phenomena in biological systems can be interpreted in terms of the membrane electrical properties of the cells involved. However, the conventional definition of the zeta potential and a “slipping plane” are based on two unrealistic assumptions: (1) that one can realize a procedure of the “infinitesimal” change of the continuous layer thickness without changing its topology, during both thinning and growth, and (2) that the interface is ideally homogeneous. These assumptions are already denied with many experimental facts in modern interface science. Instead of the infinitesimal variations of the continuous layer thickness, one has to account topologic transitions from continuous to discrete EDL structures at the interface [1]. During EDL thinning, the hydrodynamic flow stops at a percolation level (effective thickness), corresponding to a discrete film. It brings us to a real and exact meaning of a mythic “slipping plane”. The zeta potential is the potential corresponding to beginning of percolation of the EDL, or shortly, the “zeta potential is the percolation potential”. This new paradigm gives effective heuristic keys for quantitative analyzing electrokinetic processes in real disperse systems with heterogeneous interfaces, in part, biointerfaces, such as transport processes in cellular ion channels, cell electrophoresis, electroosmosis, adhesion and fusion [2-3]. Refs.:1.Smorodin, V.Y. Surface (Russian), 1991, 12, 85-91.2.Smorodin, V.Y. Physical Chemistry of the USSR, 1990, 312 (6), 537-540.3. Smorodin, V.Y. Physical Chemistry of the USSR, 1991, 318 (6), 379-384.
Miscellaneous dermatitis-inducing plants

Abstract This chapter deals with plant families and individual species that do not readily fall into the classifications reviewed in the preceding chapters. Discussion will include plants causing mechanical injury, pharmacologie injury, primary irritant dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis.
Cloning of a receptor for prostaglandin F2 alpha from the ovine corpus luteum.

A complementary DNA clone encoding a functional receptor for prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) has been isolated from an ovine large luteal cell complementary DNA library (prepared from day 10 mid-luteal phase RNA). This receptor, which has been designated FP, consists of 362 amino acids (M(r) = 40,982) and is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Radioligand binding studies with membranes prepared from transfected COS cells demonstrated specific 17-[3H]phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha binding that was displaced by prostanoids in the order of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha > PGF2 alpha > fluprostenol > PGD2 > PGE2 >> 8-epi PGF2 alpha. Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with RNA encoding the ovine FP receptor responded to 17-phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha with increased membrane chloride conductance in calcium-free medium. Northern blot analysis with RNA from day 10 corpus luteum showed a major band of approximately 6.1 kilobases. On day 14, when luteolysis usually starts, the abundance of this 6.1-kilobase...
SELF-MONITORING AS A PREDICTOR OF LEADER EMERGENCE

Conceptualizing the relationship between self-monitoring and leader emergence as a process suggests that high self-monitors are able to evaluate cognitively their situations to determine the behaviors necessary to emerge as leaders Having identified these behaviors, the individuals may act in a way that could lead others to perceive them as leaders. To test this, two studies were conducted. The first study used self-report data on self-monitoring and leader emergence obtained from 120 undergraduate business students. Analyses indicated that high self-monitors were more likely to report a propensity to emerge in leadership roles when in group situations. The second study extended the investigation by evaluating the perceptions of all group members concerning who emerged as the leader in group activities. Data on self-monitoring and both self and other perceptions of leader emergence were gathered from 116 undergraduate business students. Results of this study support the findings of Study 1 on self-percept...
A single intradermal injection of IFN-γ induces an inflammatory state in both non-lesional psoriatic and healthy skin

Psoriasis is a chronic, debilitating, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. As IFN-γ is involved in many cellular processes, including activation of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion and trafficking, and cytokine and chemokine production, IFN-γ–producing Th1 cells were proposed to be integral to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Recently, IFN-γ was shown to enhance IL-23 and IL-1 production by DCs and subsequently induce Th17 cells, which are important contributors to the inflammatory cascade in psoriatic lesions. To determine whether IFN-γ indeed induces the pathways expressed in psoriatic lesions, a single intradermal injection of IFN-γ was administered to an area of clinically normal, non-lesional (NL) skin of psoriasis patients and biopsies were collected 24 hours later. Although there were no visible changes in the skin, IFN-γ induced many molecular and histological features characteristic of psoriatic lesions. IFN-γ increased a number of differentially expressed genes in the skin, including many chemokines concomitant with an influx of T cells and inflammatory DCs. Furthermore, inflammatory DC products tumor necrosis factor (TNF), inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-23, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were present in IFN-γ–treated skin. Thus, IFN-γ, which is significantly elevated in NL skin compared with healthy skin, appears to be a key pathogenic cytokine that can induce many features of the inflammatory cascade of psoriasis.
Questions of Context: Ibn Battuta and E. W. Bovill on Africa

arcus Wiener Publishers has distinguished itself by reprinting primary and secondary texts that have not lost their appeal over decades. Usually the original work is given a new introduction and an updated bibliography that address the historicity of the text and add new scholarly perspectives and additional background information. Under review are two such publications, one of which is a historical source, namely, Ibn Battuta's fourteenth-century account of his journeys to East and West Africa, and the other a scholarly study from 1958 focusing on the economic and political relations between North Africa and sub-Saharan regions. While the former is a welcome edition highly useful in a variety of classroom settings and appealing to a wide range of scholars interested in travel, Islam, and Africa, the rationale for the publication of the second title is not immediately evident, and even questionable, for reasons that I explain below. Ibn Battuta (1304-68/69) hailed from Morocco and traveled most of the known world in the course of twenty-nine years, holding a range of government posts in different territories. Later in life, his memories were written down by the scribe Ibn Juzayy. The resulting text offers detailed information about societies located in North Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor, Central Asia, India, Southeast Asia, China, East and West Africa, and Muslim Spain. One of the foremost features of this account is that it allows the contemporary reader to gain an understanding of the cultural diversity of peoples living within the expanse of dar al-Islam, the lands of Islam. Let me review some of the principles that inform Ibn Battuta's view of the world and that make his portrayal of Africa especially worthwhile. One premise underlying Ibn Battuta's account and that generally defi ned medieval geographical handbooks and travel writings is the focus on the world of Islam, under avoidance of dar al-kufr, the non-Muslim lands. This focus refl ected the centrality of religion as the dominant organizing principle, but the Islamic perspective was also intermingled with notions about climate as a condition determining the level of civilization. The Islamic heartland was seen to be located in the moderate climate zone,
Sensor Data Fusion Algorithms for Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems

A probe data service has been defined as a means for vehicular on-board units (OBUs) to transmit the data collected by their in-vehicle sensors in real time via wireless communication links to road-site units (RSUs). Sensor data fusion algorithms are developed in this work to aggregate data collected through this probe data service for computing single-RSU and multi-RSU average per-division speeds and average route travel times, where a division is defined to be a small segment of a road. These algorithms are evaluated using an integrated simulation testbed that consists of a vehicular simulator and a wireless communication link simulator, which are interconnected via a TCP/IP connection. Our key findings are that the probe data service offers an excellent means for computing average per-division speeds and average route travel times when the market penetration level of OBUs is relatively high. Privacy constraints negatively impact the accuracy of route travel time estimates as routes often span roads under the wireless coverage area of many road-side units requiring frequent vehicle identity changes. The impact of wireless communication losses is quite significant, requiring the use of accurate models in any simulation-based studies.
Construing action abstractly and blurring social distinctions: implications for perceiving homogeneity among, but also empathizing with and helping, others.

Most people's actions serve goals that, defined abstractly enough, are quite similar to one another. The authors thus proposed, and found, that construing action in abstract (vs. concrete) terms relates to perceiving greater similarity among persons both within and across different social groups (Studies 1-3). By fostering perspective taking, viewing action abstractly also related to empathizing with and expressing willingness to help nonstigmatized and stigmatized others (e.g., AIDS patients; Studies 3-5) and to donating money to help those in need (Study 6). These findings held when controlling for ideological, motivational, and broad personality variables. Abstract action construals, then, appear to blur social distinctions, fostering perspective taking and empathy on the one hand but also perceptions of group homogeneity on the other.
Random dot product graphs: a flexible model for complex networks

Over the last twenty years, as biological, technological, and social networks have risen in prominence and importance, the study of complex networks has attracted researchers from a wide range of fields. As a result, there is a large and diverse body of literature concerning the properties and development of models for complex networks. However, many of the models that have been previously developed, although quite successful at capturing many observed properties of complex networks, have failed to capture the fundamental semantics of the networks. In this thesis, we propose a robust and general model for complex networks that incorporates at a fundamental level semantic information. We show that for a large range of average degrees and with a suitable choice of parameters, this model exhibits the three hallmark properties of complex networks: small diameter, clustering, and skewed degree distribution. Additionally, we provide a structural interpretation of assortativity and apply this structural assortativity to the random dot product graph model. We also extend the results of Chung, Lu, and Vu on the spectral gap of the expected degree sequence model to a general class of random graph models with independent edges. We apply this result to the recently developed Stochastic Kronecker graph model of Leskovec, Chakrabarti, Kleinberg, and Faloutsos.
Physical characterization of a self‐healing dental restorative material

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of self-healing a highly filled composite and to investigate the physical properties of a model dental compound formulated to autonomically heal cracks. A visible light cured model resin consisting of TEGMA : UDMA : BisGMA (1 : 1 : 1) at 45% w/w with silane 0.7 μ glass was formulated with a self-healing system consisting of encapsulated dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs' catalyst. The base resin was also formulated and characterized with the microcapsules alone, Grubbs' catalyst alone, and no healing additives. Fracture toughness (KIc) was assessed using single edge notch specimens in three-point bend (n = 12). Data was analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's at p ≤ 0.05. DMA was performed from −140 to 250°C at 2°/min and 1 Hz. Storage and loss modulus, Tg and tan δ, was recorded for each material. The self-healing material was loaded to failure, was left to sit for 7 days and then loaded a second time to failure to determine healing in the material. These specimens had a KIc = 0.69 ± 0.072 for a 57% average recovery rate of the original fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of the self-healing material was statistically similar to the control. The modulus decreased in the composites with encapsulated dicyclopentadiene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A Note on Multi-Regional Marketing

This paper examines the profit maximizing behavior of a vertically integrated firm that operates in "n" geographically distinct regions. A pair of alternative managerial decision scenarios are considered. In one scenario, all marketing mix variables are manipulated at the regional level, so that each region may choose different levels of each marketing variable. In the second scenario, one marketing variable is manipulated "globally," so that its level is identical in all regions. The first scenario generates an n-region version of the "Dorfman-Steiner" first-order conditions for profit maximization. However, under some cost structures the profits associated with this Dorfman-Steiner scenario are dominated by those associated with the second, "Global-Regional" scenario. This second scenario yields an optimal solution in which the global marketing variable may have a negative marginal impact on sales in some regions. As a result, some managerial implications of the second scenario differ strikingly from those of the Dorfman-Steiner scenario.
PS3-31: Patients with Hyperuricemia and the Effect of Urate-Lowering Therapies on Renal Function in a Managed Care Organization

Background/Aims Preliminary data suggests that elevated serum uric acid levels (sUA) play a significant role in the development of renal disease. Few studies have evaluated urate-lowering therapies (ULT) in a population with hyperuracemia and the impact on development of renal disease. Our aim was to investigate whether initiation and maintenance of ULT, in patients with sUA ≥7.0 mg/dL, has a beneficial impact on renal function as measured by glomerular filter rate (GFR) reductions and adverse renal outcomes.
An algorithm for determining the radiance reflected from the rough sea surface using MODIS-N satellite radiometer data

A new algorithm is suggested for determining the radiance B/sub r/(/spl theta/, /spl phi/) reflected from the rough sea surface. The knowledge of B/sub r/(/spl theta/, /spl phi/) is needed for excluding the reflected solar radiation from the signal at the space receiver. Information on the reflected radiance is also required when estimating the state of the sea surface from space. The information (on reflected radiance) is important for problems such as estimating the chlorophyll concentration in sea water. The suggested algorithm was constructed based on direct measurements of the radiance coefficient /spl rho/ published in V. G. Akimov ei al. (1993) and J. A Shaw et al. (1997). The experimental results show that the slope distribution of sea surface elements depends not only on the wind speed near the sea surface but also on the stability of the lower part of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. It is shown that the failure to account for this effect causes an error of /spl plusmn/30% when estimating B/sub r/(/spl theta/, /spl phi/).
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Fatal and Nonfatal Stroke in Asymptomatic Women and Men

Background and Purpose— Prospective data on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and stroke are largely limited to studies in men or do not separately examine risks for fatal and nonfatal stroke. This study examined the association between CRF and fatal and nonfatal stroke in a large cohort of asymptomatic women and men. Methods— A total of 46 405 men and 15 282 women without known myocardial infarction or stroke at baseline completed a maximal treadmill exercise test between 1970 and 2001. CRF was grouped as quartiles of the sex-specific distribution of maximal metabolic equivalents achieved. Mortality follow-up was through December 31, 2003, using the National Death Index. Nonfatal stroke, defined as physician-diagnosed stroke, was ascertained from surveys during 1982 to 2004. Cox regression models quantified the pattern and magnitude of association between CRF and stroke. Results— There were 692 strokes during 813 944 man-years of exposure and 171 strokes during 248 902 woman-years o...
Determination of Phase in the Knife-Edge Diffraction Pattern†

Interferometric methods, suggested by the techniques of two-beam holography, have been used to determine experimentally the variation of phase with position in the Fresnel diffraction pattern of a knife edge. The results are consistent with predictions made from Cornu’s spiral.
Enduring Misconceptions of Strategic Stability: The Role of Nuclear Missile-Carrying Submarines

This article exposes many of the flawed assumptions about the submarine leg of the nuclear triad implicit in traditional strategic stability theory. It argues that the US strategic studies literature has put too much emphasis on traditional stability theory and that stability, whether defined traditionally or in modern terms, is more threatened by submarine-based nuclear weapons than is generally realized. The article notes that, although the possibility of a major nuclear surprise attack is becoming increasingly remote, insofar as there currently exist military incentives to launch such attacks it is due in large part to submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) which facilitate command and control decapitation strikes and threaten to negate options such as Launch on Warning. It moreover suggests that SLBMs are the strategic weapons most likely to endanger efforts to prevent loss of control in crises because: (1) US SLBMs do not contain Permissive Action Links (PALs); (2) in contrast to ICBMs, SLBMs regularrrl come into direct and potentially violent contact with enemy military forces in peacetime and are significantly more likely to come under direct attack in conventional war; and (3) SLBMs could make it particularly difficult for decision-makers to determine the source of a nuclear attack. The article concludes with several recommendations for enhancing strategic stability.