cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a Characteristic-Mode-Based Fully-Planar Antenna for Indoor In-Band Full-Duplex Radios

For indoor full-duplex in-band radios, ultra-low profile antennas with simple feed networks are highly sought. In this paper, a fully-planar, characteristic-mode-based, simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) antenna with high isolation is presented. The proposed antenna utilizes two orthogonal characteristic modes for transmitting and receiving signals to achieve high isolation without a complicated self-cancellation circuit. The simulated and measured -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths of the proposed STAR antenna are 3.6% and 0.4%, respectively. The proposed antenna provides a simulated (measured) isolation greater than 48.4 dB (31.6 dB). The simulated peak gain is 4.4 dBi for both the transmit and receive links. The electrical size of the proposed antenna is 0.6λ×0.6λ×0.01λ where λ is the wavelength at 2.35 GHz.
Non-market valuation of beach quality: Using spatial hedonic price modeling in Hilton Head Island, SC

Abstract Climate change has been impacting beach quality negatively for years. The gradual increase in sea level has been slowly diminishing the Atlantic coastline by eroding beaches and worsening coastal flooding. Narrowing beach width, one of the most important attributes of beach quality, has been a major concern for policy makers, local residents and visitors as lower beach quality has environmental and economic consequences. Filling the beaches with sand under beach replenishment projects has been widely used to treat this problem. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of beach width using the past residential property prices in Hilton Head Island, SC. Spatial error hedonic price method was adopted to account for spatial dependency among error terms. The results of this study show that beach width has significant influence on the values of neighboring properties that are located within 633 feet of the shoreline. An additional foot of beach width would add as much as $3,012 to the value of an oceanfront residential property. Without an accurate estimation of the economic value of beach width, cost-benefit analyses of beach nourishment and other shoreline management projects would be incomplete.
We Need More Doctors

As Covid-19 strains our healthcare system, it also highlights the growing problem of a physician shortage in the U.S. This article seeks to understand why we are failing to produce enough doctors to meet a growing demand, and to explore how we can combat this issue by increasing funding for residency programs and easing restrictions on foreign-trained physicians.
Isolated Scaphoid Dislocation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Isolated scaphoid dislocation is an exceedingly rare event with only 55 cases described. Closed reduction followed by operative intervention with Kirschner's wires (K-wire) fixation and ligamentous reconstruction are the mainstays of treatment. Case Description We describe a patient with a solitary scaphoid dislocation treated with initial closed reduction and urgent open reduction with K-wire stabilization and ligamentous repair. The patient was immobilized for 6 weeks and on 24-month follow-up, the patient was doing well with no limitations in his daily living, no pain, and acceptable range of motion. Literature Review A literature review was performed on the 55 cases described in the English language. The majority of the patients were males, aged between 18 and 79 years, and presented with motor vehicle accidents as the most common mechanism. Historically, isolated scaphoid dislocations were treated with closed reduction. However, K-wire fixation and, now, K-wire fixation coupled with ligamentous injury repair remain the current treatments of choice. Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid remains a rare event with only one documented case. Overall, patients do well with only minor pain and limited wrist movements. Notably, only eight cases were associated with type-II lunates. Type-II lunates appear to be protective for carpal injury. Clinical Relevance Although isolated scaphoid dislocations remain a rare event, understanding the anatomy and the current ability to restore carpal anatomy is important. Type-II lunates appear to confer protection from carpal injuries.
Epigenetic Assays in Purified Cardiomyocyte Nuclei

The adult mammalian heart's potential for regeneration is very inefficient. Importantly, adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) are characterized as a cell population with very limited mitotic potential. Conversely, the neonatal mouse heart possesses a brief, yet robust, regenerative capacity within the first week of life. Cell type-specific enrichment procedures are essential for characterizing the full spectrum of epigenomic landscapes and gene regulatory networks deployed by mammalian CMs. In this chapter, we describe a protocol useful for purifying CM nuclei from mammalian cardiac tissue. Furthermore, we detail a low-input procedure suitable for the parallel genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and transcription factor-binding sites. The CM nuclei purified using this process are suitable for multi-omic profiling approaches.
Inspiring the Next Generation of Music Educators: A Multiple Case Study of High School Music Experiences and Career Choice

The purpose of this instrumental multiple case study was to explore the roles that high school music educators and the experiences they provide play in influencing high school students’ decisions t...
Effects of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts

Our aim was to further analyze the effect of print orientation on the mechanical properties of FDM parts and explore the failure modes of differently oriented printed parts using scanning electron microscopy. We compared 3D printed ABSplus (P430) FDM parts in tension, bending, and torsion printed in flat, edge, and vertical orientations to machined equivalent parts. Parts were printed on a Stratasys uPrint SE in orientations according to ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E) and evaluated using ASTM standards. Tensile, torsion and bending results are reported. Printed part properties were in many cases significantly different from machined part properties. For example, when subjected to tensile testing, the edgewise print orientation produced both the highest elastic modulus and the highest ultimate tensile strength of the 3D printed parts. During flexural testing, the flatwise orientation produced the highest ultimate stress at 54.31 MPa, while the edgewise elongation at break was the highest at 8.7%. However, unlike what was observed in the tensile and flexural tests, torsion samples printed in the angled, vertical, and horizontal orientations did not fail at significantly different ultimate shear stress values. Scanning electron microscopy work revealed that fracture propagation and failure modes are significantly different between the various print orientations with fractures through filaments giving superior strength.
"If it's the time, it's the time": Existential communication in naturally-occurring palliative care conversations with individuals with advanced cancer, their families, and clinicians.

Abstract Objective To explore how patients with advanced cancer, their families, and palliative care clinicians communicate about existential experience during palliative care conversations. Methods We analyzed data from the Palliative Care Communication Research Initiative (PCCRI) – a multisite cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2016 involving hospitalized adults with advanced cancer who were referred for inpatient palliative care consultations at two academic medical centers. We used a qualitative descriptive approach paired with inductive content analysis to analyze a random subsample of 30 patients from the PCCRI study (contributing to 38 palliative care conversations). Results We found existential communication to be woven throughout palliative care conversations, with key themes related to: 1) time as a pressing boundary; 2) maintaining a coherent self; and 3) connecting with others. Conclusion Communication about existential experience is omnipresent and varied in palliative care conversations between individuals with advanced cancer, their families, and clinicians. Practice implications Clinicians can recognize that discussion of time, routines of daily life, and relationships in the clinical context may hold profound existential relevance in palliative care conversations. Understanding how patients and families talk about existential experience in conversation can create opportunities for clinicians to better meet these needs.
Loss of the mitochondrial phosphate carrier SLC25A3 induces remodeling of the cardiac mitochondrial protein acylome

Mitochondria are recognized as signaling organelles, because under stress, mitochondria can trigger various signaling pathways to coordinate the cell’s response. The specific pathway(s) engaged by ...
Early Physical and Occupational Therapy and Discharge Disposition in Patients with Sepsis

Research Objectives To explore whether implementing an early mobility protocol conducted by professionals from PT and or occupational therapy (OT) is associated with discharge location for a group of patients with sepsis, septic shock, or severe sepsis. Design A quasi-experimental study design was used with a non-equivalent post-test design. The data were collected for 3 months. Setting Mid-sized Midwestern hospital. Participants The population of the usual care group were 117 adult patients admitted to any unit with a diagnosis of sepsis, septic shock, or severe sepsis from February 1, 2019, through April 30, 2019. The early rehabilitation group were 96 patients admitted May 6, 2019 through July 31, 2019. Interventions The usual care group received PT and OT when an order was received from the hospital medicine provider. The experimental group were treated with PT and OT per an early rehabilitation protocol. Main Outcome Measures The dependent variables were number of PT and OT visits and discharge disposition. Results There was no statistically significant (p The data demonstrated that the patients who received PT and OT were significantly more likely to be discharged to home/home health care (p = 0.029 for PT, p = 0.047 for OT) rather than to inpatient healthcare services (See Table 3). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the inclusion of PT and OT treatment in the care of patients with sepsis-related illness admitted to the hospital may influence their discharge disposition. The majority of the patients in this study were able to discharge to home. Author(s) Disclosures The author, Karen Clark, does not have any conflicts of interest in regards to this study.
Risk factors and outcomes of BK viremia among deceased donor kidney transplant recipients based on donor characteristics.

INTRODUCTION BK polyomavirus (BKV) is a common infection among kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Risk factors and outcomes based on donor characteristics remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of donor factors through a paired kidney analysis. We included 289 pairs of adult deceased donor transplants (578 KTRs total); each pair had received kidneys from the same donor. Recipient pairs were divided into three groups: "no BK group" if neither KTR developed BK viremia (n = 336), "discordant" if the only one did (n = 176), and "concordant" if both did (n = 66). Acute rejection (AR), graft failure, and BK nephropathy (BKN) were outcomes of interest. RESULTS Donors in the concordant group were younger, had lower KDPI, and were less likely to be DCD. In multivariate analyses, KTRs who had a donor with a higher BMI (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; p = .009) were less likely to develop BKV. Concordance was not associated with AR (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.51-1.34; p = .45), graft failure (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 0.42-7.50; p = .43) or BKN (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.51-2.03; p = .96). DISCUSSION Our study suggests lower donor BMI is associated with BKV infection, and concordance or discordance between paired kidney recipients is not associated with poor outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Systematic Approach for Business Data Analytics With a Real Case Study

Business data analytics is a process of utilizing analytic techniques for resolving business issues based on business performance data. While the avalanche of business data creates unprecedented opportunity, it also poses three fundamental challenges for analytics: (1) Business data often encounters quality issues and needs substantial cleaning efforts; (2) Business data is large in overall size but cannot be fully shared due to the concern of data security; and (3) Business data often needs to be cross-referenced with public databases to reveal more information and knowledge. Due to these challenges, the leading obstacle at many organizations is the lack of a systematic approach to understanding how to leverage the business data analytics techniques to transfer from data-rich into decision-smart. To answer this question, this article proposes a systematic step-by-step procedure for business data analytics. This proposed framework is illustrated and validated by a real case study that involves choosing an optimal location for opening of a new retail site.
A General Stochastic Equation for the Non-Linear Filtering Problem

A great deal of attention has been devoted in recent years to the theory of non-linear filtering, in particular, to the problem of deriving a stochastic differential equation for the filter. (see the bibliography in [2]). Perhaps the most general form of such an equation when the noise in the observation process model is the Wiener process is the one obtained in the paper of Fujisaki, Kallianpur and Kunita [2].
Some research problems about algebraic differential equations II

Twenty-four new research problems are posed, and their background and partial solutions are sketched. Many of these problems are in the (somewhat unexpected) area of interaction between algebraic differential equations, topology, and mathematical logic. Introduction. What has struck me most about the subject of algebraic differential equations (ADEs) is how easy it is to pose hard problems. Another way of saying the same thing is that the subject is still in a formative state, with many fundamental problems not even posed, much less solved. I am going to present the first part (Problems 1-3) of this paper as I first wrote it. Thereis a rather dramatic twist at its end, as you will see. Explanatory section. An algebraic differential equation (ADE) is just one where the left-hand side is a polynomial in everything. More specifically, let P(x0, xl,... ,xn+,) be a polynomial in n + 2 variables, not the zero polynomial, with complex coefficients, or with real coefficients according to the context. Then the equation (1) P(z, w(z), W'(Z),. . . ,W(n)(Z)) = 0 is called an ADE. We may write this as (1') P (Z, W)=O. In the real case, we prefer to write (2) P(x, y(x), y'(x),. . . ,y(n)(x)) = 0 or just (2') P(x, y) =0. In both of these contexts, we call P a differentialpolynomial. What we mean by a "solution" of an ADE depends somewhat on the context. In the complex case it will mean an analytic (or sometimes a meromorphic) function on a region S2 that satisfies (1). When this happens, we call w(z) a hypotranscendental function. If w(z) satisfies no ADE, then it is assigned the beautiful adjective transcendentally transcendental. (See [OST] for a good introduction to this subject. In Received by the editors January 14, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 34-XX, 34A34. The research of the author was partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. ?1983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/83 $1.00 + $.25 per page
Historical Dictionary of Witchcraft

Chapter 1 Acknowledgments Chapter 2 Chronology Chapter 3 Introduction Chapter 4 THE DICTIONARY Chapter 5 Bibliography Chapter 6 About the Author
Paid family caregiving: a review of progress and policies.

Policymakers in the United States have begun to examine solutions that encourage increased sharing of caregiving responsibilities between government and family. Initiatives in Sweden and the United Kingdom are now in place. Support includes a care leave policy implemented at the federal level, paying salaries to family members when caregiving is a regular job, providing job training to salaried caregivers when their personal caregiving experience ends, community-based programs for caregivers, and allowances to be used for providing care to an elderly person. In the United States, 13 states pay caregivers as Medicaid providers. Policymakers have considered tax incentives and, in 1975, U.S. Senate Bill 1161 was introduced but failed as an attempt to provide cash subsidies to families caring for the elderly. A proposal has been made to expand the Temporary Disability Model to include care of family members of all ages by providing adequate wage replacement to assist caregivers. At present, 34 states provide some type of economic support for caregivers. Research is needed to determine what types of programs are most acceptable and beneficial to caregivers as well as cost effective for government.
The Amino Acid Sequence of a κ Type Bence-Jones Protein I. TRYPTIC PEPTIDES

Abstract Amino acid sequence analysis has led to the concept that the NH2-terminal portion of Bence-Jones proteins is subject to variation in sequence whereas the COOH-terminal portion is invariant, yet the proof of sequence has in no case been reported. For determination of the sequence of the soluble tryptic peptides, the human κ Bence-Jones protein Ag, which has served as the standard for comparison, was reduced and carboxymethylated, and digested with trypsin. The soluble peptides were purified by column chromatography, paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. The amino end groups and the composition of the intact protein and the tryptic peptides were determined. The amino acid sequences of 16 soluble tryptic peptides were determined by standard procedures, principally by use of the Edman degradation and further enzymatic cleavage. The sequences of the 16 tryptic peptides account for 140 residues and are in accord with the tentative sequence reported earlier for Protein Ag. Eleven of the peptides are derived from the constant portion of the human κ light chain which has a uniform sequence except for a genetic variation at 1 residue. The remaining peptides are from the variable portion of the κ chain and differ in many respects from corresponding portions of the provisional sequences of other human κ chains.
Dose-dependent effects of mTOR inhibition on weight and mitochondrial disease in mice

Rapamycin extends lifespan and attenuates age-related pathologies in mice when administered through diet at 14 parts per million (PPM). Recently, we reported that daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin at 8 mg/kg attenuates mitochondrial disease symptoms and progression in the Ndufs4 knockout mouse model of Leigh Syndrome. Although rapamycin is a widely used pharmaceutical agent dosage has not been rigorously examined and no dose-response profile has been established. Given these observations we sought to determine if increased doses of oral rapamycin would result in more robust impact on mTOR driven parameters. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of dietary rapamycin at doses ranging from 14 to 378 PPM on growth in control and Ndufs4 knockout mice and on health and survival in the Ndufs4 knockout model. High dose rapamycin was well tolerated, dramatically reduced growth, and overcame gender differences. The highest oral dose, approximately 27-times the dose shown to extend murine lifespan, increased survival in Ndufs4 knockout mice similarly to daily rapamycin injection without observable adverse effects. These findings have broad implications for the effective use of rapamycin in murine studies and for the translational potential of rapamycin in the treatment of mitochondrial disease. This data, further supported by a comparison of available literature, suggests that 14 PPM dietary rapamycin is a sub-optimal dose for targeting mTOR systemically in mice. Our findings suggest that the role of mTOR in mammalian biology may be broadly underestimated when determined through treatment with rapamycin at commonly used doses.
Wireless RF design challenges

The challenges and opportunities for the RF designer have perhaps never been greater. The drive to higher levels of integration in the extremely competitive cellular chipset market place; the emergence of new wireless communications links such as Bluetooth and WLAN; and the continual need to provide multi-band, multi-mode, multiservice, modulation independent, cost effective transceivers have all produced a great demand for RF design skills. This paper discusses the markets, system level specifications, and RF design challenges.
The relation between celibacy in women and defective pelvic organs

Abstract A study of 1,227 women shows that in the early years of life, before the age of thirty-five, there is a relation between defective pelvic organs and celibacy. These defects interfere with marriage during the years when sexual attractiveness is important. Later, they seem to have little effect. Pearl has worked out the probability of a women of age x dying single; for ages between fifteen and nineteen it is about 1:10.
Associative learning in children with perinatal brain injury.

Associate learning for visual nonverbal and auditory verbal items was examined in 21 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) and 28 healthy children using four paired associate tasks. SDCP children showed poorer performance than the comparison group for learning pairs that required visual nonverbal responses, regardless of the stimulus modality. Within the SDCP group, lesion severity was assessed in 17 of the children. Lesion severity was related to the level of performance on paired associate tasks requiring visual nonverbal responses; lesion severity did not reach statistical significance for tasks requiring auditory verbal responses. The study suggests: (1) periventricular white matter regions are important for the development of basic learning processes, such as associative learning, and (2) learning of visual nonverbal material is disproportionately affected following white matter injury early in life. (JINS, 1997, 3, 521–527.)
Does good peer review assure good epidemiology

The American public requires that research projects use resources efficiently, that they provide answers that are beneficial, and that they are carried out ethically. Peer review of research protocols, results, and reports, provides one way to improve research and to reassure the public.
Health Hazard Assessment for Native Americans Exposed to the Herbicide Fluridone via the Ingestion of Tules at Clear Lake, California, USA

ABSTRACT This study addresses concerns expressed by Native Americans regarding exposure via the consumption of aquatic vegetation to the herbicide fluridone (active ingredient) used by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Hydrilla Eradication Program in Clear Lake, California. In 2005, the Department monitored lakeshore vegetation, water, and sediment at four locations, before and after seasonal applications of fluridone. Subchronic and chronic exposures were evaluated, and hazard quotients calculated for a worst-case exposure (WCE) scenario. Ingestion rates and other exposure factors were developed in public meetings with tribal members. Environmental sampling found fluridone present at extremely low levels in tule vegetation, water, and sediment. Exposures were four times greater in subchronic timeframes than chronic timeframes; however, hazards were less due to the 25-fold larger reference dose (RfD) used for subchronic calculations: RfD(subchronic) = 2.0 mg/kg-day, RfD(chronic) = 0...
Factors influencing physical structure and lower trophic levels of the eastern Bering Sea shelf in 2005: Sea ice, tides and winds

Abstract In spring and fall 2005, cross- and along-shelf transects were sampled to evaluate the influence of physical forcing, including sea ice, tides, and winds, on the lower trophic levels of the Bering Sea ecosystem. The hydrography, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton abundance and species composition were all affected by the presence or absence of sea ice on a north–south transect along the 70-m isobath. In May, shelf waters between ∼59°N and 62°N were cold and relatively fresh, and benthic invertebrate larvae and chaetognaths were a significant fraction of the zooplankton community, while to the south the water was warmer, saltier, and the zooplankton community was dominated by copepods. The position of the transition between ice-affected and ice-free portions of the shelf was consistent among temperature, salinity, nutrients, and oxygen. This transition in the hydrographic variables persisted through the summer, but it shifted ∼150 km northward as the season progressed. While a transition also occurred in zooplankton species composition, it was farther north than the physical/chemical transition and did not persist through the summer. Mooring data demonstrated that the change in the position of the transition in physical and chemical properties was due to northward or eastward advection of water onto and across the shelf. From south to north along the 70-m isobath, tidal energy decreased, resulting in a less sharply stratified water column on the northern portion of the middle shelf, as opposed to a well-defined, two-layered system in the southern portion. This more gradual stratification in the north permitted a greater response to mixing from winds, which were homogeneous from north to south. Thus the physical and biological structure at any one location over the middle shelf is dynamic over the course of a year, and results from a combination of in situ processes and climate-mediated regional forcing which is dominated in most years by sea ice.
ANDREIA Y SUS CONTRARIOS. MASCULINIDADES PLURALES A TRAVÉS DEL ARTE

La masculinidad es un efecto de la cultura, una construccion social y una performance mas que una esencia universal e inmutable. El modelo masculino hegemonico, basado en una rigida distincion de genero y construido sobre el estereotipo del macho y del “proveedor” es puesto en duda en la sociedad actual. El arte contemporaneo, como agente social activo y forma poderosa de comunicacion contribuye al cuestionamiento de este modelo proponiendo nuevas formas plurales de masculinidad. En este articulo se desarrolla un estudio acerca de las imagenes de hombre que se plasman en la sociedad espanola actual por medio del arte contemporaneo, a traves del analisis de la obra de una seleccion de artistas.
Organization of cognitive abilities and neuropsychological variables across the lifespan

Abstract Data from over 3400 individuals ranging from 5 to 93 years of age were analyzed to investigate the structural organization of cognitive variables, and to use that structure to examine relations between cognitive abilities and neuropsychological variables. The results indicated that the variables could be organized into the same cognitive ability factors in both children and adults, and that in both segments of the lifespan a large proportion of the age-related influences on measures of cognitive functioning was shared across different cognitive abilities. Another set of analyses revealed that many neuropsychological variables were closely related to established cognitive abilities, although the pattern of influences varied somewhat across different age groups. Finally, variables assumed to reflect executive functioning were found to lack construct validity because there was nearly perfect overlap of the individual differences in what these variables had in common and a construct of fluid intelligence.
Optimal training for time-selective wireless fading channels using cutoff rate

We consider the optimal allocation of resources-power and bandwidth-between training and data transmissions for single-user time-selective Rayleigh flat-fading channels under the cutoff rate criterion. The transmitter exploits statistical channel state information (CSI) in the form of the channel Doppler spectrum to embed pilot symbols into the transmission stream. At the receiver, instantaneous, though imperfect, CSI is acquired through minimum mean-square estimation of the channel based on some set of pilot observations. We compute the ergodic cutoff rate for this scenario. Assuming estimator-based interleaving and M- PSK inputs, we study two special cases in-depth. First, we derive the optimal resource allocation for the Gauss-Markov correlation model. Next, we validate and refine these insights by studying resource allocation for the Jakes model.
The relativistic flux tube model of hadrons

A dynamical model of confinement is proposed to replace the potential model. The leading relativistic corrections are shown to agree with nonperturbative QCD. Methods are developed to obtain numerically exact solutions for quantized mesons. Illustrative examples are given for equal-mass and heavy-light mesons.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOMETRIC IMAGING PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS.

Abstract The relative advantages of describing imaging properties of γ-ray detectors by their rigorous spread functions or by a single index is discussed. It is shown that in the statistical context of radioisotope imaging a single index can fairly characterize any spread function within a wide range of shapes, provided this index is based on the concept of flux. Such an index is shown to correspond closely to the subjective impression of image quality preceived by an observer. It permits the computation, by a simple formula, of the resulting index for a multiple imaging process involving spread functions of different shapes.
Effects of dextromethorphan on in vitro contractile responses of mouse and rat urinary bladders.

Purpose Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a cough-suppressing ingredient in a variety of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Dextromethorphan elevates the threshold for coughing primarily through a central mechanism. At doses recommended for treating coughs the drug is safe and effective. At much higher doses, DXM produces dissociative effects similar to those of phencyclidine and ketamine. Opioid analgesics structurally related to DXM also inhibit bladder contractions and produce urinary retention through a non-opioid mechanism. This study evaluated the direct effects of DXM on in vitro contractile responses of rat and mouse urinary bladders. Methods Male rats and mice were anaesthetized and their bladders removed. Bladder strips were suspended in 15 ml oxygenated Tyrode's solution containing glucose. Bladder strip contractions were evoked by field stimulation (FS), carbachol or elevated KCl concentrations and contractile responses recorded. The strips were then exposed to 3 µM (DXM) for 30 min and re-stimulated. This sequence was repeated at 10, 30, and 100 µM DXM. Results (a) The rat bladder generated significantly greater tension than the mouse bladder. (b) Dextromethorphan produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the response to FS that was approximately equal for rat and mouse bladders. FS at 8 or 32 Hz was significantly more sensitive to DXM inhibition than 2 Hz. (c) The response to carbachol was more sensitive to inhibition by DXM than the responses to FS or KCl. Conclusions These results demonstrate that DXM inhibits bladder contractions in vitro and that mouse and rat bladders are affected to approximately the same extent. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:802–807, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Fermi surface and optical properties of potassium

Abstract The optical conductivity of potassium is calculated using a simple, non-local pseudopotential obtained by fitting the computed Fermi surface to experimental data. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with experiments of Smith on the optical absorption.
Changes over time in older dialysis patients' self-assessed quality of life

Followup interviews were conducted after three years with 127 older dialysis patients whose treatment modality was unchanged. The mean age of black patients was 70; the mean age of white patients was 72. A significant race difference in reported change in quality of life (QOL) was found for only one variable; white patients, but not black patients, felt they were not taking care of their health as well at Time 2 as at Time 1. For the total sample of patients who were reinterviewed, significant change in QOL responses was found for 9 measures. Vascular access problems were reported significantly less often at Time 2 by hemodialysis patients. Physical complaints related to ESRD and dialysis, use of assist devices, functional impairment, exercise involvement, number of leisure activities, perceived control over future health, depressive symptoms, and mood state responses at Time 2 indicated decline in QOL self-assessments. For the majority of QOL measures that were investigated, including overall life satisfaction, no significant change was found. A clinical challenge is to identify interventions that effectively target areas in which older dialysis patients are at risk for declining QOL over time.
Soil Potassium Distribution in Grazed K‐31 Tall Fescue Pastures as Affected by Fertilization and Endophytic Fungus Infection Level

On a determine les effets de deux niveaux de fertilisation et de l'infection par un champignon endophyte, chez le cultivar «Kentucky-31», sur les distributions laterale et verticale du potassium du sol apres trois ans de pâturage. On a etudie les effets du pâturage, du repos et d'autres comportements des animaux sur les transferts de potassium
A natural mutation in rc reverts white-rice-pericarp to red and results in a new, dominant, wild-type allele: Rc-g.

The Rc locus regulates pigmentation of the rice bran layer, and selection for the rc allele (white pericarp) occurred during domestication of the crop. White bran is now ubiquitous among cultivated varieties throughout rice growing regions of the world. We identified a new allele that arose by natural mutation within the rc pseudogene of the cultivar ‘Wells’. The mutation restored the reading frame of the gene, and reverted the bran layer pigmentation to red (wild-type). By sequencing the Rc locus in plants derived from red seeds, and linkage analysis in a segregating population, we were able to demonstrate that mutation within rc resulted in the new, dominant, wild-type allele Rc-g.
Psychology's role in the conserving society

Because the earth's natural resources are finite and are growing increasingly more difficult to exploit, energy and resource conservation will soon become essential to our way of life. Psychologists and other social scientists can help in that transition, and recently they have begun to do relevant research in several areas: environmental pollution, recycling and solid wastes, reducing litter, and energy usage and conservation. Research approaches that have been used include studies of environmental and energy attitudes, behavioral research, social interaction studies, community conservation programs, and large-scale consumer research. More work is especially needed on the topics of transportation energy use, industrial and commercial energy conservation, and community action campaigns. Research efforts should increasingly utilize measures of actual behavior and actual energy usage, long-term longitudinal approaches, realistic field settings, and costeffective procedures. In addition to doing research, psychologists can contribute to the advent of the conserving society through program evaluation studies, proposals for innovation, dissemination of validated scientific knowledge, and offering policy advice.
Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery: An Update in Oncology

The field of nanotechnology has exploded in recent years with diverse arrays of applications. Cancer therapeutics have recently seen benefit from nanotechnology with the approval of some early nanoscale drug delivery systems. A diversity of novel delivery systems are currently under investigation and an array of newly developed, customized particles have reached clinical application. Drug delivery systems have traditionally relied on passive targeting via increased vascular permeability of malignant tissue, known as the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). More recently, there has been an increased use of active targeting by incorporating cell specific ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, lectins, and growth factor receptors. This customizable approach has raised the possibility of drug delivery systems capable of multiple, simultaneous functions, including applications in diagnostics, imaging, and therapy which is paving the way to improved early detection methods, more effective therapy, and better survivorship for cancer patients.
Computer measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer striations.

An image analysis method to measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) striations from digitized fundus photographs was developed to improve detection and monitoring of progressive diffuse RNFL loss. Striations were measured by comparing the high spatial frequency variability across with the variability along the RNFL. This locally normalized measure of striations compensates for the wide density variations both within individuals and between individuals and RNFL photographs. Five repeated measurements were taken at each of three locations from each retinal image. Measurements from five patients with recorded visual field loss due to optic nerve diseases were compared with five normal subjects and five suspect eyes. Measurements clearly distinguished the three groups when taken at the temporal arcades. Measurements above and below the arcades were also consistent, but did not distinguish normals from suspects. The measure was correlated with graded estimates of RNFL integrity of two trained observers (ρ = −0.57, p <0.001 and ρ = −0.61, p < 0.001).
Synthesis of amino acid derivatives of quinolone antibiotics

Optically pure conjugates of quinolone antibiotics with naturally occurring amino acids are synthesized in 40–98% yields.
Contact network based risk assessment to prevent potential pandemics

Early information is crucial for policy makers and public health officials responsible for protecting the public from the virulent spread of contagious diseases. Current indicators of the spread of contagious outbreaks lag behind the actual spread, leaving no time for a planned response. The studies of Christakis and Fowler (2010) have shown that social networks can provide more timely information for prediction. Our focus, however, is on the effective control of the spread of contagious outbreaks in their early stages. We do this by defining 'contact networks', and suggest an effective way to chart the spread of contagious outbreaks, in a spatio–temporal sense. In this paper, we use information from the 'central' individuals in contact networks for early 'spatio–temporal' prediction of virulent outbreaks; this would allow for actions that would mitigate the spread, including the effective allocation of resources, to nip potential pandemics in the bud.
Biphasic urethral sphincter responses to acetic acid infusion into the lower urinary tract in anesthetized cats.

Purpose: Varying the concentration of infused acetic acid produced bladder irritation and dose dependent increases in external urethral sphincter electromyography activity in cats. We further characterized acetic acid induced external urethral sphincter electromyography activity in intact and acute spinal cord injured animals.Materials and Methods: Bladder cystometrography and external urethral sphincter electromyography were continuously recorded in chloralose anesthetized cats. Dilute 0.05% to 0.8% acetic acid was infused into the lower urinary tract through the bladder dome. Intravesical or intraurethral infusion was performed separately in bladder neck ligated preparations. In some animals the spinal cord was transected at L1 to L2 2 to 8 hours before the study.Results: Acetic acid infusion into the lower urinary tract elicited dose dependent increases in tonic external urethral sphincter activity. However, a prolonged infusion of 0.7% to 0.8% acetic acid usually inhibited external urethral sphincter ...
Cutaneous angiosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm after peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Second malignant neoplasms (SMN) in late childhood or young adulthood in individuals who have been successfully treated for an initial malignancy have emerged as a late effect of therapy in survivors of childhood cancer. Although radiation therapy is frequently implicated, chemotherapy with alkylating agents and antimetabolites has also been associated with SMN. Soft tissue sarcomas are among the most frequent primary malignancies complicated by a SMN and account for a majority of nonhematolymphoid SMN. We present the clinical and pathologic findings in a patient who had a peripheral neuroepithelioma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor, PNET) of the soft tissues diagnosed at 17 years of age, was treated with high-dose irradiation and multidrug chemotherapy, and developed an angiosarcoma 14 years later. This case represents an uncommon combination of mesenchymal malignancies in a young patient with an unusually favorable clinical course following the diagnosis of PNET. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A New Tiny Computerized Radiation Dosimeter

In the continuing search for better ways to measure the real time exposures to radiation received by workers in the nuclear industry, we have developed a new instrument which combines the CdTe detector of the previous chirper with a low battery power computer to process the data. This has resulted in a tiny new instrument capable of sounding an alarm when a dangerous radiation field exists, measuring the radiation field either in a timer/scaler mode or as a ratemeter and alarming when the background increases suddenly. When not in use as a radiation instrument, it can function as a digital watch. The instrument will be small enough to be worn as a watch, which it resembles in form. This development will make it even easier than previously possible for workers in the nuclear industry to carry accurate and sophisticated, yet simple to operate, radiation measuring instruments at any time they are in a potentially hazardous location. This will provide less opportunity for serious exposures to occur by timely measurement and warning.
Identification of the in Vivo Phosphorylation Sites for Acidic-directed Kinases in Murine mdr1b P-glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance transporter, is phosphorylated in vivo and the major phosphorylation domain has been identified as the linker region (amino acids 629-686). The linker region is a highly charged segment of the transporter in which the negative and positive amino acid side chains are spatially segregated. Both of these charged domains contain several consensus phosphorylation sites for protein kinases. Three of the consensus phosphorylation sites for basic-directed kinases in murine mdr1b P-glycoprotein are utilized in vivo and have been identified as serines 665, 669, and 681. Mutagenesis of all the consensus basic-directed kinase phosphorylation sites in the linker region of human MDR1 P-glycoprotein did not alter the ability of the mutated transporter to confer the multidrug resistance phenotype in stably transfected cell lines. These studies would suggest that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation within the basic domain of the linker region is not directly involved in regulation of drug transporter activity. We now report that the linker region of mdr1b P-glycoprotein is also phosphorylated in vivo within the acidic domain (amino acids 631-658). These sites have been mapped using casein kinase II, a prototypic acidic-directed kinase, and a recombinant mdr1b linker region peptide (amino acids 621-687). Electrospray mass spectrometry demonstrated that casein kinase II could introduce up to five phosphates into the recombinant peptide. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping indicated that all the phosphates were contained in a tryptic peptide consisting of amino acids 631-658. Phosphopeptide mapping of in vivo labeled P-glycoprotein, isolated from either J7.V1-1, a murine vinblastine-resistant cell line, or HeLa cells stably transfected with mdr1b P-glycoprotein cDNA, revealed that this tryptic peptide was phosphorylated in both proteins.
Religious Orthodoxy and Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking

The relationship between entrepreneurship and religion is complex (Dana 2010), and religion can help or hamper the entrepreneurial process, depending on the context and culture (Dana 2009; Dodd and Gotsis 2007). This article examines religious orthodoxy and its connection to one aspect of the entrepreneurial process—risk-taking within existing organizations. Using multinomial logistic regression to analyze data from the 2010 Baylor Religion Survey, the researchers find that religious orthodoxy is negatively associated with entrepreneurial risk-taking, even after controlling for traditional variables associated with entrepreneurism. It supports the idea that beliefs—and not just adherence or behaviors—are important to understanding the connection between entrepreneurial processes and religion.
Socialization to Elitism: A Study of Debutantes*

(1968). Socialization to Elitism: A Study of Debutantes. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 300-308.
The Use of the Female Intervention Efficacy Index (FIEI) as an Immediate Outcome Measure of Medical Intervention to Treat Female Sexual Dysfunction

Many medications used in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction are still in the experimental phases for use in women. Numerous pharmacological options for women presently under testing include the EROS-CTD clitoral therapy device (Berman et al., 1999b; Billups et al., 2001). In addition to the new medical developments for treating female sexual dysfunction, methods for evaluating sexual responses and efficacy of intervention are evolving as well.
Geometric constraints on nonsingular, momentarily static, axisymmetric systems in general relativity

This paper attempts to examine the relationship between system size and gravitational collapse for the case of axial symmetry. The approach here is to construct noncollapsing systems, with momentarily static matter interiors and static vacuum exteriors, and to find limitations on the validity of the construction. Specifically, the exteriors are static, axisymmetric, asymptotically flat, vacuum geometries, described by Weyl solutions of the Einstein field equations. These solutions have singular sources (naked singularities, except for the Schwarzschild solution); here, regions of the Weyl solutions containing the singularities are replaced by momentarily static material bodies. These are described by axisymmetric solutions of Brill's time-symmetric initial-value equation with non-negative energy density, joining smoothly to the Weyl geometries at the bodies' boundaries. The consistency requirements of such a construction limit the choice of surfaces in the exterior geometry suitable as matter/vacuum boundaries; general constraints on the boundary location and geometry are derived here. For the explicit examples of the GAMMA metric and the Bach-Weyl ring metric as exteriors, these constraints forbid the boundary surface to be arbitrarily near the Weyl singularity. The ''hoop conjecture'' demands, roughly, that the largest circumference of the boundary surface of such a noncollapsing system always exceed a limit ofmore » the order of the system's mass. The specific examples studied here are all consistent with the hoop conjecture, but they show that the boundary constraints derived in this paper are not in general related to boundary surface size and thus that these constraints do not embody the hoop conjecture.« less