cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutron Radiography of Apollo Ordnance

Neutron radiography played an important role in the successful Apollo missions. Neutron radiography was used, for the first time, on a production basis to examine the internal details of ordnance devices employed in the Apollo Program. Ordnance devices ranged from charges which separated the massive booster stages to those which triggered the release of re-entry parachutes. Discussed are the early developments in neutron radiography and the conversion of this infant nondestructive technology into production capabilities.
Mandatory Mediation Laws and the Renegotiation of Mortgage Contracts

There is debate over why lenders are unwilling to modify more mortgages, ranging from structural to macroeconomic factors. This paper introduces the information problem that borrowers and lenders face and examines third party mediation as a mechanism to overcome this problem. Mediation offers both borrowers and lenders the opportunity to gain information about the potential for modifying the terms of the loan. Based on a difference in difference analysis of loans in four metropolitan statistical areas before and after at least one county imposed mediation and one did not, mediation policies appear to have positive effects on the rate of loan modifications. The use of mediation in states with judicial foreclosure proceedings may be an effective policy to increase the use of loan modifications and offers evidence that a lack of information may introduce additional barriers to modifications.
Information Measures in Perspective

Information-theoretic methodologies are increasingly being used in various disciplines. Fre- quently an information measure is adapted for a problem, yet the perspective of information as the unifying notion is overlooked. We set forth this perspective through presenting information- theoretic methodologies for a set of problems in probability and statistics. Our focal measures are Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler information. The background topics for these mea- sures include notions of uncertainty and information, their axiomaticfoundation, interpretations, properties, and generalizations. Topics with broad methodological applications include discrep- ancy between distributions, derivation of probability models, dependence between variables, and Bayesian analysis. More specific methodological topics include model selection, limiting distributions, optimal prior distribution and design of experiment, modeling duration variables, order statistics, data disclosure, and relative importance of predictors. Illustrations range from very basic to highly technical ones that draw attention to subtle points.
Microcellular 3D graphene foam via chemical vapor deposition of electroless plated nickel foam templates

Abstract Three dimensional (3D) graphene foams have potential applications in high performance energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and super capacitors. In this study, microcellular 3D graphene foams were fabricated via ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) with electroless plated nickel (Ni) foam templates. The microcellular Ni foam templates exhibit sufficient thermal stability for few layer graphene (FLG) growth in the APCVD process, yielding graphene foams with a pore size less than 100 µm, density of 0.0020 g cm−3, and pore wall thickness of about 5 nm. The 3D graphene foam has a cellular morphology with a surface-to-volume ratio of 2.5×105 m2 m−3.
Characteristics of Depreciation in Commercial and Multi-Family Property: An Investment Perspective

This paper reports empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of real depreciation in commercial and multi-family investment properties in the United States. The paper is based on a much larger and more comprehensive database than prior studies of depreciation, and it is based on actual transaction prices rather than appraisal estimates of property or building structure values. The paper puts forth an “investment perspective” on depreciation, which differs from the tax policy perspective that has dominated the previous literature in the U.S. From the perspective of the fundamentals of investment performance, depreciation is measured as a fraction of total property value, not just structure value, and it is oriented toward cash flow and market value metrics of investment performance such as IRR and HPR. Depreciation from this perspective includes all three age-related sources of long-term secular decline in real value: physical, functional, and economic obsolescence of the building structure. The analysis based on 107,805 transaction price observations finds an overall average depreciation rate of 1.5%/year, ranging from 1.82%/year for properties with new buildings to 1.12%/year for properties with 50-year-old buildings. Apartment properties depreciate slightly faster than non-residential commercial properties. Depreciation is caused almost entirely by decline in current real income, only secondarily by increase in the capitalization rate (“cap rate creep”). Depreciation rates vary considerably across metropolitan areas, with areas characterized by space market supply constraints exhibiting notably less depreciation. This is particularly true when the supply constraints are caused by physical land scarcity (as distinct from regulatory constraints). Commercial real estate asset market pricing, as indicated by transaction cap rates, is strongly related to depreciation differences across metro areas.
The Original Meaning of the Establishment Clause and the Impossibility of its Incorporation

Through an investigation of the historical and political context that led to the drafting of the Establishment Clause, this article attempts to demonstrate that the original meaning of the Establishment Clause pertains to federalism. Part I reviews the leading originalist interpretations that have been set forth by members of the Supreme Court. Part II begins my attempt to recover the original meaning of the Establishment Clause through an investigation of the historical and political context in which the Establishment Clause emerged. Part III offers a detailed analysis of the drafting of the clause in light of the historical and political contexts described in Part II. I conclude that Justice Thomas's federalism interpretation most accurately captures the Establishment Clause's original meaning. In his Newdow opinion, however, Justice Thomas failed to consider the implications of his federalism construction, which is the subject of Part IV of this article. Recovering the Founders' original concern with federalism necessarily means that the original intention that animated the adoption of the Establishment Clause cannot be applied to modern day incorporated no-establishment jurisprudence.
The Effect of Certification on Investment Decisions

Forty-six participants were endowed with real money and received hypothetical investment advice from a CFP® Professional and a stockbroker. Results indicate that among low-income households, advice from a CFP® Professional influenced investor choice behavior within hypothetical education and retirement savings accounts. Statistically significant results indicate that when participants made investment decisions using education funds and received advice from a CFP® Professional, the mean expected value of their investment choices was $43,913, compared to $25,870 given advice from a stockbroker. When investment decisions were made using retirement funds the average expected value given advice from a CFP® Professional and a stockbroker was $53,424 and $33,207, respectively.
Determining the Cost-Effectiveness of Health Promotion Programs

Today, new forms of organizing and delivering health care services are emerging. Managed care arrangements are creating more focus on the cost and consequences of health care services. Under many of these managed care plans, providers receive fixed capitated payments regardless of the magnitude of services consumed. The provider assumes more financial risk and is likely to pay greater attention to the costs and benefits of care in this financing arrangement. The managed care movement is creating more emphasis on populations. These populations can be defined by membership in a particular insured group or by membership in a group at risk for a certain disease. In either case, many contend that providers of care will have more incentive to move beyond the delivery of care at the time of illness to more proactive prevention and health promotion programs for these populations. If so, the costs, savings, and health consequences must be measured and compared to alternative interventions.
Utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the evaluation of elevated clinic blood pressures in children

Although ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recognized for its role in assessing white coat hypertension, other uses include evaluation of treatment adequacy, nocturnal hypertension, dipping status, and hypertension severity. We performed a retrospective study of ABPMs completed at a single center from November 2007 to October 2011 to determine the frequency of white coat hypertension, prehypertension, and hypertension in children and the correlation of these findings with office BPs. A total of 247 ABPMs were performed in 206 children, ages 4-20 years, including 48 recordings in 39 diabetic patients and 64 recordings in treated hypertensive patients. We found a poor correlation between hypertensive status based on clinic BP and diagnosis on ABPM, and evidence for a white coat effect. Among treated patients, ABPM results resulted in medication changes in 63%. We conclude that ABPM is a useful tool for characterizing hypertensive status and treatment adequacy in children.
Frontline therapy with high-dose imatinib versus second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia – a propensity score analysis

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) improve survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP), with the survival of patients treated with such agents approaching that of the general population.[1][1],[2][2] High-dose imatinib has also been reported to induce higher rates of
Effect of Cage-Wash Temperature on the Removal of Infectious Agents from Caging and the Detection of Infectious Agents on the Filters of Animal Bedding-Disposal Cabinets by PCR Analysis

Efficient, effective cage decontamination and the detection of infection are important to sustainable biosecurity within animal facilities. This study compared the efficacy of cage washing at 110 and 180 °F on preventing pathogen transmission. Soiled cages from mice infected with mouse parvovirus (MPV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) were washed at 110 or 180 °F or were not washed. Sentinels from washed cages did not seroconvert to either virus, whereas sentinels in unwashed cages seroconverted to both agents. Soiled cages from mice harboring MPV, Helicobacter spp., Mycoplasma pulmonis, Syphacia obvelata, and Myocoptes musculinus were washed at 110 or 180 °F or were not washed. Sentinels from washed cages remained pathogen-free, whereas most sentinels in unwashed cages became infected with MPV and S. obvelata. Therefore washing at 110 or 180 °F is sufficient to decontaminate caging and prevent pathogen transmission. We then assessed whether PCR analysis of debris from the bedding disposal cabinet detected pathogens at the facility level. Samples were collected from the prefilter before and after the disposal of bedding from cages housing mice infected with both MPV and MHV. All samples collected before bedding disposal were negative for parvovirus and MHV, and all samples collected afterward were positive for these agents. Furthermore, all samples obtained from the prefilter before the disposal of bedding from multiply infected mice were pathogen-negative, and all those collected afterward were positive for parvovirus, M. pulmonis, S. obvelata, and Myocoptes musculinus. Therefore the debris on the prefilter of bedding-disposal cabinets is useful for pathogen screening.
Cataract surgery in patients with chronic severe graft-versus-host disease.

Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcomes of cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with severe chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Setting University of South Florida Eye Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA. Design Retrospective case study. Methods A chart review was performed to identify patients with clinically severe, biopsy-proven chronic ocular GVHD who had cataract extraction. Outcome parameters included preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), type of cataract, postoperative complications, type of underlying malignancy, and time from bone marrow transplant to cataract extraction. Results This study comprised 10 eyes of 6 patients with severe GVHD. Posterior subcapsular cataract accounted for all cataracts that were surgically removed in this patient cohort. The mean preoperative CDVA was 20/84, which improved to 20/30 at the 1-month postoperative visit and remained stable at 20/28 at the final visit noted in the charts (both P Conclusions With meticulous preoperative biometric measurements and calculations and aggressive assessment and treatment of dry-eye syndrome, patients with severe ocular GVHD who had cataract extraction had excellent postsurgical refractive outcomes. Postoperative corneal melting was a complication seen with greater frequency than anticipated in this patient cohort. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Sexual Citizenship and the Political Culture of Shame in the Women’s Movement

While feminists used the female surfeit controversy to propose a sexless form of honor, they adopted a different tactic when confronting national concerns over the venereal peril, male adultery, and the police des mœurs at the turn of the century. Rather than downplaying the significance of sexual reputation for women, female activists leveraged their own roles within the honor system as guardians of familial legitimacy and sexual discipline to publicly police manhood. By doing so, they worked to undermine the republican ideal of male potency as the foundation for suffrage. Feminists thus appropriated the “honest woman” stereotype to assert the political relevance of men’s private behavior and to display their own capacity for civic rights.
Examining Ethical Decision Making Behavior in E-Learning Systems: A Socio-technical Analysis

E-Learning has proliferated throughout the education sector in recent years. Unfortunately, an unintended and undesirable aspect of e-Learning is centered on unethical behavior exhibited by students engaged in technology-facilitated cheating. Interestingly, cheating in e-Learning systems occurs in the social context of the class. Using results from a qualitative field study, the authors investigate the socio-technical dimensions of ethical decision-making in e-Learning systems focusing on individual and situational factors. They developed propositions and provide an in-depth discussion of identified factors. Their findings provide the basis for researchers to develop testable propositions for further empirical investigations and provide insight for educators dealing with the unique challenges of the socio-technical dimensions of ethical behavior in e-Learning systems.
Using Awake Animal Imaging to Understand Neural Circuits of Emotion: Studies Ranging from Maternal Care to Aggression

Non-invasive, functional magnetic resonance imaging in awake animals gives new insight into the organization of neural circuits involved in behavior associated with intense emotional reactions. The rewarding aspects of breast feeding or the aversive threatening feelings when confronted with a live predator are just two examples of the types of provocation paradigms that can be staged in the magnet during an imaging session. When combined with the use of 3D segmented, annotated brain atlases and computational analysis, it is possible to reconstruct distributed, integrated neural circuits or “fingerprints” of brain activity that reflect emotional and cognitive states. In many cases these neural circuits are similar to those identified in human brain imaging studies, with homologous neural substrates subserving similar functions. While these imaging data cannot tell us how an animal feels, the patterns of brain activity across a range of positive and negative provocation paradigms always include the limbic cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus. These areas are involved in the integration and processing of information related to the emotional experience and motivation necessary for approach/avoidance behavior.
A phase I study of gemcitabine and bendamustine in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

8534 Background: Salvage regimens for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can be challenging due to either need for inpatient admission or frequent dosing. Based on previously reported single agent activity of bendamustine (benda) and gemcitabine (gem), we conducted a phase I study of benda and gem in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory classical HL who failed at least 1 prior therapy to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Methods: Utilizing a cohorts of 3 design, pts received gem dosed at 1000mg/m2 on day 1 and benda doses of 60mg/m2 to 120mg/m2on days 1 and 2 of each cycle for up to 6 cycles, with cycle lengths of 28 (dose levels [DL] 1-3) and 21 (DL 4-5) days. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was determined during cycle 1. Results: Fourteen pts (8 males) with a median age of 38.5 years (range: 23-60) and a median of 4 (range: 1-7) prior lines of therapy have completed a median of 4 cycles at DL 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 3), 3 (n = 3), 4 (n = 4), and 5 (n = 1). Seven pts had a prior autologous transplant (ASCT), and 1 pt h...
A micromachined ultrasonic power receiver for biomedical implants

Bio-implantable medical devices need a reliable and stable source of power to perform effectively. Although batteries can be the first candidate to power implantable devices as they provide high energy density, they cannot supply power for long periods of time and therefore, they must be periodically replaced or recharged. Battery replacement is particularly difficult as it requires surgery. In this paper, we develop a micromachined ultrasonic power generating receiver with a size of 3.5mmx3.5mm capable of providing sufficient power for implantable medical devices. The ultrasound receiver takes the form of a unimorph diaphragm consisting of PZT on silicon. We dice bulk PZT with a thickness of 127 μm and bond the diced pieces to a silicon wafer. In order to get a 50 μm thick PZT layer, which is needed for optimal power transfer, we mechanically lap and polish the bonded PZT. We numerically investigate the performance of the fabricated receiver with inner and outer electrodes on the surface of the PZT. Using COMSOL simulations, we analyze the effect of different sizes of inner and outer electrodes under the actuation of the inner electrode in order to find the optimum electrode sizes. We show that when the transmitter is generating an input power less than Food and Drug Administration limits, the receiver can provide sufficient voltage and power for many implantable devices. Furthermore, the process developed can be used to fabricate significantly smaller devices than the one characterized, which enables further miniaturization of bio-implanted systems.
The relevance of Regional Political Ecology for agriculture and food systems

The region as a concept continues to hold promise as a way of breaking through the many binaries that often divide political ecology. Operationalizing a regional political ecology approach allows the researcher to generate a large number of insights and conclusions that a more narrow disciplinary (disciplined) focus and non-scalar approach would miss; this is because important biophysical and social processes intersect with each another and work together to produce and/or mediate important outcomes for human and environmental well-being. The article draws on a number of cases to examine what comparison of political ecological research between regions could look like. I argue for a reinvigorated relationship between regional political ecology as an approach and agrifood systems as the object of study, and pose questions that can help shape this endeavor.
Epileptiform activity in traumatic brain injury predicts post-traumatic epilepsy.

We hypothesize that epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during the acute period following traumatic brain injury (TBI) independently predict first-year post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE1 ). We analyze PTE1 risk factors in two cohorts matched for TBI severity and age (n = 50). EAs independently predict risk for PTE1 (odds ratio [OR], 3.16 [0.99, 11.68]); subdural hematoma is another independent risk factor (OR, 4.13 [1.18, 39.33]). Differences in EA rates are apparent within 5 days following TBI. Our results suggest that increased EA prevalence identifies patients at increased risk for PTE1 , and that EAs acutely post-TBI can identify patients most likely to benefit from antiepileptogenesis drug trials. Ann Neurol 2018;83:858-862.
Nuclear localization of TORC1 and cellular co-localization of TORC1 and c-Fos in the visceral neuraxis after systemic LiCl injection

Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated gene expression is critical for the processing of visceral information, including learning about visceral stimuli (e.g. conditioned taste aversion). However, CREB requires additional co-factors to induce gene expression, including transducer of regulated CREB-activity (TORC). The nuclear localization of TORC1 has not been examined previously in the visceral neuraxis. c-Fos, a widely-used marker of activity, is induced by visceral stimulation. If CREB-mediated gene transcription is necessary for c-Fos induction in the visceral neuraxis after systemic LiCl injection, then TORC should be active following stimulation, and co-localized with c-Fos in activated neurons. We examined nuclear (activated) TORC1 in the visceral neuraxis at 30, 60, and 180 minutes after LiCl, as compared to c-Fos induction. Consistent with previous studies we found increases in c-Fos 60 min after LiCl in all regions. Nuclear TORC1 was also increased in the area postrema, NTS, and paraventricular nucleus after LiCl. Surprisingly, in the central amygdala, TORC1 was deactivated after LiCl, such that almost all TORC1 was cytoplasmic, whereas control rats had almost all nuclear TORC1. Fluorescent double-labeling of TORC1 and c-Fos after LiCl found that cellular co-localization of c-Fos and TORC1 was very low across the visceral neuraxis. Nuclear TORC1 expression reveals a population of cells in the visceral neuraxis, independent of c-Fos-positive cells, that are regulated by LiCl. TORC1, and in turn CREB-mediated gene transcription, may not be necessary for c-Fos induction in the visceral neuraxis after LiCl.
Correction to: Impacts of internal variability on temperature and precipitation trends in large ensemble simulations by two climate models

Please note that the CanESM2 large ensemble of simulations for the twenty-first century was carried out under the RCP8.5 forcing scenario (same as the CESM1 simulations).
Uncertainty in the Negotiation and Mediation of Environmental Disputes

In the past decade environmental disputes have become far more conspicuous, not just in the United States, but throughout the world. Conflict between those who wish to develop natural resources and those who wish to preserve them is hardly new, but increased public sensitivity about the costs of pollution — and new laws intended to protect environmental interests — have brought this conflict to the fore. Concurrently, there has been increased awareness of the potential scope of environmental disputes: it is now recognized that they can occur in urban as well as rural settings; they may involve human as well as physical resources; and they may affect people today and generations yet unborn.
Inducing Hydrophobicity to Improve Long Term Engineering Performance of Kaolinite Clay

Engineered compacted earthen liners are significantly important for the disposal of municipal and industrial solid wastes. Compacted clay liners strain during seasonal wet and dry fluctuations, providing pathways for leachate to contaminate surrounding soil and groundwater. Although geosynthetic clay liners are utilized, GCLs may be infeasible in areas that undergo cyclic wet and dry seasonal or groundwater fluctuations. This study focuses on improving the properties of kaolinite silty-clay by minimizing permeability through induced hydrophobicity. Siloxane, a water repellent material, was mixed with kaolinite soil at concentrations between 0.5% to 20% by weight to determine optimal induced hydrophobicity for retention of mass during cyclic wetting and drying. Hydrophobicity was measured using sessile drop methodology and water drop penetration time. Fine particles are preferentially influenced, resulting in soil gradation differences on the portion passing No. 200 sieve. Resistance to water penetration was improved, resulting in greater adherence between soil particles without inducing any crystalline structural changes. Volume losses and moisture absorption from wetting and drying cycles were reduced in optimally treated siloxanated clay molds, as compared to untreated samples. These experimental results indicate siloxane treated kaolinite clay possess improved engineering characteristics, and have potential to improve the useful lifetime of clay liners.
International Strategic Alliance

Because of globalization and increasingly intertwined global business environments, international business operations have become an expensive complex process. It has necessitated many firms to appropriately adjust and coordinate value-creation activities (e.g., manufacturing, R&D, marketing, and distribution) depending upon the host country environments (e.g., regulations and local market competition). Before firms take the plunge into a global business, they estimate the cost of adjustment and coordination. During this process, firms may discover that they don’t encompass all the necessary capabilities internally to make the adjustment and perform their activities. To overcome this, firms may seek partners and form an alliance to share resources, technology, and even the risk of operations.
Bromelain as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compound

Inflammation is a complicated problem for today’s human beings. Large numbers of people have been diagnosed with arthritis along with inflammation. This is beside the others that suffer inflammation caused by an injury. There are alternatives that can be considered as temporary or permanent treatments of chronic inflammatory diseases. Plants, as well as other biological resources, are most welcomed to the therapeutic area. Using the plants’ compounds with high potential as novel techniques are today’s bio-pharmacologist concern. Bromelain has been more attractive due to its characteristics. This review is an overview of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect of bromelain as a confident treatment for all inflammatory disease.
Safety Trial of Low-Intensity Monitoring After Thrombolysis: Optimal Post Tpa-Iv Monitoring in Ischemic STroke (OPTIMIST)

Background and Purpose:At present, stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) undergo monitoring of their neurological status and vital signs every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours, e...
Queering autoethnography: by Stacy Holman Jones and Anne Harris, New York, Routledge, 2019, 130 pp., $140 (hardcover), $44.95 (paperback), ISBN: 1138286168

I am sitting on the balcony-porch of my upstairs apartment, Queering Autoethnography in my lap and a cigarette in my hand; I sit here in a time of multiple transitions, of endings-to-begin-again, o...
Burdett and Rode (Eds.): Shaping Cities in an Urban Age

There is a seductiveness to the idea of holding a vast store of knowledge about global megacities in one volume. Shaping Cities in an Urban Age provides such an encapsulation of facts, figures, map...
Stroke impact symptoms are associated with sleep-related impairment

Abstract Background Sleep-related impairment is a common but under-appreciated complication after stroke and may impede stroke recovery. Yet little is known about factors associated with sleep-related impairment after stroke. Objective The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relationship between stroke impact symptoms and sleep-related impairment among stroke survivors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of a baseline (entry) data in a completed clinical trial with 100 community-dwelling stroke survivors recruited within 4 months after stroke. Sleep-related impairment and stroke impact domain symptoms after stroke were assessed with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep-Related Impairment scale and the Stroke Impact Scale, respectively. A multivariate regression was computed. Results Stroke impact domain—mood (B = −0.105, t = −3.263, p = .002) — and fatigue (B = 0.346, t = 3.997, p Conclusions Our findings suggest that ongoing stroke impact symptoms are closely related to sleep-related impairment. An intervention targeting both stroke impact symptoms and sleep-related impairment may be useful in improving neurologic recovery and quality of life in stroke survivors.
C1 inhibitor in canine intravascular hemolysis (C1INCH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a common disease that affects all breeds of dogs and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes in IMHA is caused by complement activation and is often fatal. No current treatments target complement activation in canine IMHA. Human C1 esterase (C1-INH) reduces canine complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro, and a recent pharmacokinetic analysis of an FDA licensed formulation of C1-INH in dogs confirmed that a 50 IU/kg dose of C1-INH is safe to administer to dogs, and effectively inhibits canine complement mediated hemolysis ex-vivo. The C1INCH randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of this drug in dogs with intravascular hemolysis. We will conduct a multicenter, placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial of C1-INH in dogs with intravascular hemolysis due to IMHA. We will randomize 18 dogs to receive three doses of intravenous C1-INH or saline in 24 h. Immunosuppressive and antithrombotic therapies will be standardized. Primary outcome measures will be changes in plasma free hemoglobin, serum concentrations of LDH, bilirubin, and haptoglobin. Using patient samples, we will evaluate complement activation in canine IMHA using a novel C5b-9 ELISA assay, flow cytometric detection of C3b on RBC, and by measurement of residual plasma complement activity. Secondary outcome measures will be survival to hospital discharge, duration of hospitalization, number and volume of red blood cell transfusions, and rescue therapy requirements. We will monitor dogs for adverse drug reactions. Sample size was estimated from pilot data on LDH and hemolysis index (HI) in dogs with IMHA. To detect 2-way differences between the upper and lower 50% of the LDH and HI values of equivalent size with 80% power at P < 0.05 will require 9 dogs in each arm. We anticipate that IV administration of C1-INH will significantly inhibit complement mediated hemolysis in dogs with intravascular IMHA, as determined by blood biomarker measurements (decreased plasma hemoglobin, LDH and bilirubin, increased haptoglobin). We expect this will translate into significant reductions in transfusion requirements and duration of hospitalization. This trial has been prospectively registered with the AVMA registry (AAHSD005025).
Mother Russia, Dalit Internationalism and the Geography of Postcolonial Citation

In a recent story by the Hindi writer Ajay Navariya, we see a copy of Maxim Gorky’s 1906 novel Mother on the bookshelf. Our protagonist, a young Dalit man, has moved his family out of the village i...
CHAPTER 8 – Analytic Geometry: The Conic Sections

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the analytic geometry of the conic sections. Analytic geometry enables the combination of the ideas of algebra with, or relates the ideas of algebra to, the ideas of geometry. The term conic section comes from the fact that when a plane is passed through a cone at various angles, four different geometric figures are determined: a circle, a parabola, an ellipse, and a hyperbola. The chapter defines a circle as the set of all points in a plane equidistant from a fixed point. The fixed point is the center, and the given distance is the radius. A parabola is a set of all points equidistant from a point and a line, the given point being the focus and the line being the directrix. The axis of the parabola is the line through the focus; this line is perpendicular to the directrix. The vertex of the parabola is the point where the axis intersects the parabola. If the distance from the vertex to the focus of the parabola is p units and the vertex is at the origin, the equation of the parabola is (1) x2 = 4 py with the graph having y-axis symmetry or (2) y2 = 4px with the graph having x-axis symmetry. If a > 0 in the equations, the graph opens upward for x2 = ay and to the right for y2 = ax. When a < 0, the directions of opening are downward and to the left, respectively.
Picking Up the Slack: Collaboration Tools to Build Community and Increase Productivity in Nephrology

With a growing need to recruit the future nephrology workforce, medical educators and members of the nephrology community are turning to innovative approaches to improve communication and stimulate dialogue in the field. One feasible strategy is the use of electronic collaboration tools such as Slack (Slack Technologies, San Francisco, CA), which facilitates real-time conversational communication in a private or semiprivate virtual workspace. The potential uses of Slack for nephrology education, research collaboration, and community building are outlined in this overview.
Sensory Mechanisms for Animal Orientation - Can Any New Ones be Discovered?

Several new sensory mechanisms usable for animal orientation have recently been discovered. Homing pigeons can detect polarized light, ultraviolet light, and atmospheric infrasounds (0.1 → 10 Hz), Each of these sensory mechanisms had been tested previously without success or had been rejected as impossible. This paper presents an analysis of why earlier tests were unsuccessful and looks at why more recent tests succeeded.
Leveraging Early Discharge and Telehealth Technology to Safely Conserve Resources and Minimize Personal Contact During COVID-19 in an Arthroplasty Practice.

BACKGROUND: As much as the world was hoping that COVID-19 would quickly burn out, it is becoming increasingly likely that there will be no magic bullet to bring the pandemic to an end. Although recent vaccine developments have been encouraging, the persistence of the virus appears to be likely with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus becoming endemic throughout the world. METHODS: This article summarizes a presentation at the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons 2020 Annual Meeting on "Optimizing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the COVID Era". This new reality presents an opportunity for arthroplasty surgeons to leverage new technologies and change practice habits to keep patients and providers safe. RESULTS: Both early discharge and telehealth can be leveraged in the COVID-19 era to help address some of the challenges of the pandemic. However, concerns and limitations with both approaches need to be considered when implementing in practice. CONCLUSIONS: The continued practice of elective hip and knee arthroplasty relies on providers adapting to "the new normal." The extent to which these technologies and changes in practice will persist beyond the pandemic is unclear.
Don’t forget the pelvis: accounting for pelvic rotation in the preoperative assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background Accurate radiographic assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is crucial to achieving surgical correction, yet pelvic rotation may alter measurements. In Lenke Type 1/2 AIS patients, we conducted a pilot study to assess how pelvic rotation (i.e., the patient's position in the X-ray scanner) affected sagittal, coronal, and rotational measurements. Methods A retrospective, pilot study of Type 1/2 AIS patients was undertaken. Demographics and three-dimensional (3D) SterEOS imaging were obtained. Measurements were compared between two scenarios: (I) radio plane-patient's natural position in the scanner; and (II) patient plane-patient's position after correcting to the transverse plane. Sagittal, coronal, and rotational measurements were compared, including: thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), main thoracic (MT) and thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL-L) Cobb, and apical vertebral rotation (AVR) in the proximal thoracic (PT), MT, and TL/L regions. Results Of 15 patients, average age was 15.7 years and 67% were female. Average baseline pelvic obliquity was 4.0 mm and pelvis rotation was 5.1°. Significant differences were seen between the radio vs. patient plane, respectively, in the following three measurements: TK, LL, and AVR: (I) TK (T1-12: 36.5° vs. 32.8°, P=0.003; T4-12: 28.4° vs. 22.7°, P<0.001); (II) LL (L1-5: 46.6° vs. 42.8°, P=0.002; L1-S1: 58.2° vs. 55.1°, P=0.003); (III) AVR (PT-AVR: 4.0° vs. 8.2°, P=0.003; MT-AVR: -14.8° vs. -10.5°, P=0.004; TL/L-AVR: (4.5° vs. 8.7°, P=0.003). No significant differences were seen in coronal cobb angles. Conclusions After accounting for pelvic rotation, sagittal and rotational measurements were significantly altered. These results have implications for measurement accuracy, surgical decision-making, and postoperative monitoring.
Radiative heat and momentum transfer from materials with broken symmetries: opinion

Broken inversion and time reversal symmetries affect the electromagnetic wave modes supported by continuous media, which in turn governs thermal radiation and enables control of radiative heat, linear momentum, and angular momentum transfer. We identify opportunities for exploring thermal radiation in inversion symmetry- and time reversal symmetry-breaking materials and compare and contrast radiative transport phenomena in these systems, especially nonreciprocity. Application of these phenomena can lead to novel methods of thermal management, tunability, and object manipulation at short length scales.
High-throughput Calculation of Atomic Planar Density for Compounds

A large collection of element-wise planar densities for compounds obtained from the Materials Project is calculated using brute force computational geometry methods. We demonstrate that the element-wise max lattice plane densities can be useful as machine learning features. The methods described here are implemented in an open-source Mathematica package hosted at https://github.com/sgbaird/LatticePlane.
Photoluminescence from Bulk GaN Substrates

By Marrwa Abdullah Alrrshedan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012 Major Director: Michael A. Reshchikov, Associate Professor, Department of Physics Photoluminescence (PL) has been studied from different types of bulk GaN samples grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy technique at Kyma Technologies. Point defects in bulk and at the surface affect the electrical and optical properties of GaN and could be analyzed by PL. The surface of the samples was polished with different techniques: one is chemical mechanical polish (CMP) and another is mechanical polish (MP). PL data from MP and CMP surfaces show that PL intensity from the CMP-treated surface is much higher than that from the MP-treated surface. This can be explained by defects formed during the process of MP polish. However, after the MP-treated surface is etched with RIE method, the optical quality of the MP-treated surface improves. In particular, as the depth of etching increases from 50 nm to 700 nm, the PL intensity increases by a factor of 1000. PL from the CMP surfaces of undoped bulk GaN samples contains a broad red luminescence (RL) band and a broad green luminescence (GL) band. However, PL from the CMP surfaces of Fe-doped GaN samples contained a blue luminescence band (labeled as BL2 in literature) and the yellow luminescence (YL) band. PL from MP-treated surfaces (both undoped and Fe-doped) was very weak and it contained
Average Dipole Moments of Aromatic Polymer Chains

Recently, certain aromatic polyimides with polar substituents were shown to exhibit piezoelectricity after poling. To help interpret these results, mean square chain dipole moments for model chains were calculated using a rotational isomeric state scheme. Average moments ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 debye2 per backbone link, and correlated well with the magnitudes of the piezoelectric coefficients within the series.
‘Good Night, Sleep Tight, Don't Let the Bed Bugs Bite’: Hotel Liability for an Old Scourge

This article examines the recent resurgence of beg bugs and discusses the liability of innkeepers when guests come into contact with such pests. Although bed bugs were largely eradicated from the United States in the late 1940s, they have now returned due to an increase in international travel and the replacement of DDT with less effective pesticides. While courts recognize that it is impossible for hotels to prevent bed bugs, there is a clear trend towards holding them liable for failing to take timely and effective removal steps.
Stomal recurrence: salvage surgery and reconstruction utilizing microvascular free tissue transfer.

Background Stomal recurrence in patients after laryngectomy has a poor prognosis. Studies performed using sternal resection with pectoralis flap reconstruction report <25% 2-year survival. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the use of larger resection with free flap reconstruction improves survival. Methods Thirteen cases of stomal recurrence that underwent extended sternal resection and free flap reconstruction were identified and classified according to Sisson criteria. Postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival were assessed. Results Median survival was 10 months in patients with Sisson types I and II, with 37.5% 1-year and 25% 2-year survival. Median survival was 6 months in patients with Sisson types III and IV, with 40% 1-year and 0% 2-year survival. There were 2 perioperative deaths and a major morbidity rate of 45%. Conclusion Salvage surgery using free flap reconstruction did not show improved survival rates compared with previously described techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1431–1434, 2014
Building Medical Schools Around Social Missions: The Case of the University of California, Riverside

Abstract—The University of California recently created the first new public medical school on the West Coast of the United States in nearly 50 years. It was built in a region of California with significant health challenges, including a marked physician shortage and very poor overall health outcomes. The region's population is racially and ethnically diverse and rapidly growing, with a particularly large population of Mexican American residents. It is also an area with high unemployment, low college-going rates compared to most other areas of California, and a large undocumented immigrant population. When the University of California Board of Regents authorized the creation of this new medical school, it charted unique social missions for the school that have particular relevance to the needs of its immediate region. This article presents a single case study of how the school was designed to accomplish these social missions and, ultimately, to improve the health of the people living in the region it serve...
Performance of a Small Centrifugal Pump in He I and He II

The performance and NPSH requirements for a small centrifugal pump were measured over the temperature range of 1.6 to 4.2 K. A close-coupled cryogenic induction motor powers the single stage pump which has a 50 mm diameter impeller. The pump performance (head and capacity) was the same for both He I and He II, in the absence of cavitation. Developed heads up to 16 m and capacities up to 900 L/h are achieved at 7000 rpm. Both a six-blade propeller inducer and a three-blade screw inducer were tested. The screw inducer requires significantly less suction head than the propeller design; the NPSH requirements are less than -100 mm for He I, and dependening on flow rate, range between 35 and 165 mm for He II.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression improves pain and perceived control in cardiac surgery patients.

Background:Depression after cardiac surgery (CS) is associated with increased pain and decreased sleep quality. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aimed at depression is effective in relieving depressive symptoms after cardiac surgery, little is known about its ability to ameliorate other common postoperative problems that affect recovery and quality of life.Aims:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CBT for depression on pain severity, pain interference, sleep, and perceived control in patients recovering from CS.Methods:Depressed patients recovering from CS were randomized to receive either eight weeks of CBT or usual care. At baseline and post-intervention, patients completed questionnaires for depressive symptoms, pain, sleep, and perceived control. Group comparisons were conducted using t-tests or chi square analysis. Repeated measures analysis was used to assess the effect of the intervention in changes over time.Results:The sample (n=53) included 16.9% women and had a mean ...
El Boom de las Transferencias de Dinero Sujetas a Condiciones. ¿De qué Manera Estos Programas Sociales Benefician a los Niños y Niñas Latinoamericanos?

Thousands of people do not have access to basic services (health, education, safe water, and shelter), social protection and a minimum income worldwide. Many boys, girls and young people, constituting one of the most vulnerable groups, can be found among the marginalized from the basic services, leading to a wide range of deprivations. As a solution, different international organizations, agencies and governments promote social programs that offer conditional cash transfers, generally related to child school attendance and family visits to health centers. Based on what we understand public.
Damping in the vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbates with STM

The damping of vibrationally excited adsorbates on metal surfaces may be an important issue in the observability of their vibrational spectra with a scanning tunneling microscope. In the present paper, we discuss these effects in the framework of two-particle Green's functions, following a method originally employed to describe inelastic scattering in heterostructures [N. S. Wingreen, K. W. Jacobson, and J. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. B 40, 11 834 (1989)]. By dressing the phonon lines, one can take into account the finite lifetime of the oscillations and obtain an expression for the total transition probability, through all the possible phonon channels. We also show, in the no-damping limit, and for a single vibrating coordinate, the analytical correspondence between the present method and the one presented in a previous related work [M. A. Gata and P. R. Antoniewicz, Phys. Rev. B 47, 13 797 (1993)].