cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Culturally responsive teaching: Exploring children's names and cultural identities.

Alejandro's StoryI was born with the name “Alejandro.” My parents shortened this to “Ale” (ah-leh) when calling me. However, upon becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen at age 7, my name was changed t...
The effect of ionic strength on the entropy-driven polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein: Contributions of electrical work and salting-out☆

Abstract The entropy-driven polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein is favored by an increase in ionic strength, μ, and by a decrease in pH. The effect of ionic strength is interpreted in terms of salting-out and electrical work, a function of charge and, therefore, of pH as well as of μ. The extent of polymerization is measured in terms of a characteristic temperature, T ∗ , corresponding to a characteristic value of the equilibrium constant, K c T∗ is measured at an early stage in the polymerization process where the optical density increment from light scatter is 0.01. The theory developed encompassing both salting-out and electrical work terms relates 1 T ∗ to μ approximately according to the equation, 1 T ∗ = C + Bμ − A μ 1 2 , where C is the ratio of entropy to enthalpy, B is proportional to the salting-out constant divided by enthalpy, and A μ 1 2 depends upon the square of the charge and is proportional to the electrical work contribution divided by the enthalpy. Data in which μ varied from 0.025 to 0.150 at three pH values, 5.95, 6.35, and 6.50, were fitted to this equation and the parameters C , B , and A were evaluated. Experiments were also carried out at a constant μ of 0.10 at pH values in increments of 0.1 between 5.9 and 6.8. The theory predicts that, at constant μ, 1 T ∗ , corrected for the electrical work contribution, is a linear function of pH with a negative slope proportional to the number of hydrogen ions bound per protein unit during polymerization, divided by the enthalpy. The data obtained fit two straight lines with different slopes above and below pH 6.3. Independent experiments carried out by the method of Stevens and Loga show that the number of hydrogen ions bound per protein unit also differs above and below pH 6.3 and the ratio of these is the same as the ratio of the above mentioned slopes. The data, therefore, make it possible to evaluate the enthalpy to be 24.8 kcal/mol of associating A protein and, with this value, the parameters C , B , and A can be interpreted. Standard entropies range from 86 e.u. at pH 6.5 to 88.5 at pH 5.95 and the salting-out constant, K S ′ , is 2.2 at all pH values studied. At μ = 0.10, the values of the electrical work contribution at pH 5.95, 6.35, and 6.50 are +0.298, +0.455, and +0.534 kcal/mol, respectively. Theoretical calculations from models predict values in agreement within a factor of less than two.
Comparison of Pediatric Early Warning Score to Physician Opinion for Deteriorating Patients.

BACKGROUND: This study compares a Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) to physician opinion in identifying patients at risk for deterioration. METHODS: Maximum PEWS recorded during each admission was retrospectively ascertained from electronic medical record data. Physician opinion regarding risk of subsequent deterioration was determined by assignment to an institutional “senior sign-out” (SSO) list that highlights patients whom senior pediatric residents have identified as at risk. Deterioration events were defined as intubation, initiation of high flow nasal cannula, inotropes, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, or aggressive fluid resuscitation within 12 hours of transfer to the PICU. We assessed the relationships of sociodemographic variables, PEWS, and SSO assignment with subsequent deterioration events using multivariate regression analysis to control for a number of covariates. RESULTS: There were 97 patients with nonelective transfers to the PICU who were eligible for placement on the SSO lists before transfer, 51 of whom experienced qualifying deterioration events. Maximum recorded PEWS was significantly higher for patients with a subsequent deterioration event during the first 12 hours after transfer, compared with those who were transferred but did not experience a deterioration event in the first 12 hours (mean [SD]: 3.9 [2.0] vs 2.9 [2.0]; P = .01). This association persisted even after multivariate adjustment. SSO assignment was only marginally associated with risk of deterioration among this patient population, with or without adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The PEWS was significantly associated with ICU deterioration, whereas physician opinion was not. Used alone or in conjunction with physician assessment, PEWS is a valuable tool for identifying patients vulnerable to acute deterioration.
Resection of a staggering 36-cm angiomyolipoma

Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign tumours characterized by fat, smooth muscle and vascular components. Epithelioid AML is a recognized variant of AML that is comprised of epithelioid smooth muscle cells. We present a case of a 41-year-old male who presented with light-headedness, dizziness, right-sided abdominal pain and, on subsequent computed tomography, was found to have an enormous right kidney mass characteristic of an AML. The patient underwent preoperative selective arterial embolization followed by a right radical nephrectomy. The pathology revealed a 36-cm AML with focal epithelioid features. Although uncommon, AMLs can present as enormous retroperitoneal masses.
Using geographic information systems for enhanced network security visualization

The sheer volume of information that floods a network makes it difficult for network analysts to identify and isolate network security threats. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that the tools available to accomplish this task lack usability and are primarily text-based. Our goal is to design a network security visualization tool that leverages geographic information system (GIS) technology. This tool will provide enhanced usability and meet the needs of the network security community. In this paper, we present the results of a survey designed to gather current security analysis methodologies, as well as determine the existing gaps. We design a GIS-based security visualization prototype from this input.
3D and beyond

This conference on physiology and function covers a wide range of subjects, including the vasculature and blood flow, the flow of gas, water, and blood in the lung, the neurological structure and function, the modeling, and the motion and mechanics of organs. Many technologies are discussed. I believe that the list would include a robotic photographer, to hold the optical equipment in a precisely controlled way to obtain the images for the user. Why are 3D images needed? They are to achieve certain objectives through measurements of some objects. For example, in order to improve performance in sports or beauty of a person, we measure the form, dimensions, appearance, and movements.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rapid development of somatic spines in stratum granulosum of the adult hippocampus in vitro

Somatic spines on granule cells have been observed occasionally in the adult rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Here we evaluate the appearance and formation of somatic spines in s. granulosum from adult rat hippocampal slices immediately after slice preparation, 45 min, 3 h, and 5 h later. Initially somatic spines are extremely rare but, after 3 h in vitro, they are readily apparent. Some of these somatic spines form asymmetric synapses that have a spherical vesicle-containing presynaptic bouton and a postsynaptic density. Other somatic spines lack a postsynaptic density and may also lack an apposed presynaptic bouton (free somatic spines) as observed in single thin sections. Both the number of these free somatic spines and the number of somatic spine synapses increase in a time-dependent manner. No somatic spines were observed on CA1 pyramidal cells in the same hippocampal slices. Electrophysiological observations indicate that the formation of somatic spine synapses on granule cells in the hippocampal slice occurs without any apparent granule cell activation. The trigger event for this very rapid synaptogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus remains to be determined.
Energy Release rate and crack propagation in piezoelectric materials. Part I: Mechanical/electrical load

Abstract A finite element technique is used to study the angular distribution of the energy release rates for crack propagation in a piezoelectric ceramic because of a mechanical or electrical load. Comparisons are made between the energy release rate and the maximum stress criteria for the crack propagation. Substantial differences are found in the mode of crack propagation based on these two criteria. Significant differences in the energy release rate are found between applied stress and applied strain, and between applied electric displacement and applied electric field. For applied electrical loads, oblique crack propagation, experimentally seen by McHenry and Koepke, is explained by the energy release rates.
Mist film cooling simulation at gas turbine operating conditions

Abstract Air film cooling has been successfully used to cool gas turbine hot sections for the last half century. A promising technology is proposed to enhance air film cooling with water mist injection. Numerical simulations have shown that injecting a small amount of water droplets into the cooling air improves film-cooling performance significantly. However, previous studies were conducted at conditions of low Reynolds number, temperature, and pressure to allow comparisons with experimental data. As a continuous effort to develop a realistic mist film cooling scheme, this paper focuses on simulating mist film cooling under typical gas turbine operating conditions of high temperature and pressure. The mainstream flow is at 15 atm with a temperature of 1561 K. Both 2D and 3D cases are considered with different hole geometries on a flat surface, including a 2D slot, a simple round hole, a compound-angle hole, and fan-shaped holes. The results show that 10–20% mist (based on the coolant mass flow rate) achieves 5–10% cooling enhancement and provides an additional 30–68 K adiabatic wall temperature reduction. Uniform droplets of 5–20 μm are used. The droplet trajectories indicate the droplets tend to move away from the wall, which results in a lower cooling enhancement than under low pressure and temperature conditions. The commercial software Fluent is adopted in this study, and the standard k – e model with enhanced wall treatment is adopted as the turbulence model.
A Three Dimensional Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction

A numerical method is presented for calculating 3-D unsteady flow through bileaflet heart valves and flexible obstruction. The method combines finite volume, finite element, and overlapping grid methods. The employed overlapping grid method decomposed the entire domain into the solid region, the fluid region in the vicinity of the solid (the inner region), and the outer fluid region. A finite volume scheme was implemented for the outer fluid region, while a finite element scheme was employed in the solid and inner fluid regions. Calculations were carried out for the full 3-D valve geometry under steady inflow conditions with the Reynolds number ranging from 400 to 1200.The numerical results illustrate the evolution of the downstream vortices. The changes in the location and size of the reattachment vortices in response to the change of elastic modulus of solid and Reynolds number of fluids were recorded and tabulated. The results provide the detailed information sketching the evolution of the fluid-structure interaction in terms of the modes and amplitude.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Left in Latin America: Theory and Practice

The socialist camp that once offset the dominance and imperial ambitions of the United States in Latin America no longer exists, but the advances of neoliberalism are being countered by newly elected representatives who reject a world that promotes wealth for the few and deepens the poverty of the majority. The emerging progressive governments have limited programs and resources, and while the conditions for a profound transformation may have been established, the transformation itself may not be possible until well into the future. Marta Harnacker, a close observer, has suggested that being leftist today "means to fight or be committed to a societal project that opposes the capitalist logic of profit-making and that seeks to build a society with a humanistic logic" (2002: 4). The oasis of the Latin American left, she feels, is the World Social Forum, based in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with initiatives emanating from social movements and nongovernmental organizations and skepticism of the political parties of the left, whose positioning has often approximated the practices and rhetoric of the traditional conservative and liberal parties. Many questions face the progressive scholar interested in Latin America. At the top of my list, and something that I have recently examined in detail (see Chilcote, 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2002; n.d.), is whether a globalization perspective is useful today and how it relates to the historical experience of U.S. domination and the prospects for real development in a complex capitalist world. I have argued that an uncritical and widespread usage of the term "globalization" appears to be diverting attention from the negative impact of capitalist development and imperialism and that "globalization" tends to be employed as an ideologically and politically motivated concept implying that a harmonious and integrated world has been evolving to mitigate tensions and struggles that historically have disrupted the international political
Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resections: How Wide Do You Need to Be?

Sarcomas require a wide margin of resection including a cuff of normal tissue to minimize the risk of local recurrence. The amount of tissue that constitutes a wide margin is unclear in the literature. We therefore determined whether a close resection margin for soft tissue sarcoma resulted in an increased incidence of locally recurrent disease and whether additional factors, including radiation therapy, outside biopsies, and tumor biology, affected the risk of local recurrence. We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients with soft tissue sarcomas resected with negative margins from 2001 to 2007. Gross specimens were inked and the closest macroscopic margins were sent for microscopic examination. Resection margins were categorized as less than 1 mm, 1–5 mm, or greater than 5 mm. We evaluated additional factors that might influence local recurrence, including radiation therapy, outside biopsies, sarcoma type, grade, and stage at presentation, and development of metastatic disease. Four of 117 patients (3.4%) developed local recurrence. The incidence of local recurrence was similar in patients with less than 1-mm margins and greater than 1-mm margins: two of 45 patients (4.4%) and two of 64 patients (3.1%), respectively. Due to the low number of local recurrences, quantitative margin extent and the other factors evaluated did not affect local recurrence. The extent of a margin necessary to prevent local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma remains unclear as the power of our study was limited by the low number of local recurrences. Relatively low local recurrence rates can be achieved even with close margins. Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Experimental Study of Electrokinetics in Porous Media

In brine-saturated porous media the existence of a space-charge layer at the solid/liquid interface leads to a coupling between fluid and electric currents. This coupling is seen as a streaming potential (STP) across a porous plug when the fluid flows through it, or conversely, as electroosmosis (ELO) of the fluid when an electric field is applied. The magnitude of these electrokinetic effects depends on the thickness of the space-charge layer relative to the pore size, which in turn depends upon the salinity of the brine. From electrokinetic measurements one can obtain an effective hydraulic radius Reff and an effective zeta-potential at the slipplane ζeff. We have developed a high-sensitivity AC technique that can detect these small coupling effects, and have measured them in a suite of natural and artificial rock samples. We find that Reff and ζeff depend on salinity in ways which may be attributed to the roughness of the pore surfaces.
Comparison of alternative spatial resolutions in the application of a spatially distributed biogeochemical model over complex terrain

Spatially distributed biogeochemical models may be applied over grids at a range of spatial resolutions, however, evaluation of potential errors and loss of information at relatively coarse resolutions is rare. In this study, a georeferenced database at the 1-km spatial resolution was developed to initialize and drive a process-based model (Forest-BGC) of water and carbon balance over a gridded 54976 km2 area covering two river basins in mountainous western Oregon. Corresponding data sets were also prepared at 10-km and 50-km spatial resolutions using commonly employed aggregation schemes. Estimates were made at each grid cell for climate variables including daily solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, and precipitation. The topographic structure, water holding capacity, vegetation type and leaf area index were likewise estimated for initial conditions. The daily time series for the climatic drivers was developed from interpolations of meteorological station data for the water year 1990 (1 October 1989–30 September 1990). Model outputs at the 1-km resolution showed good agreement with observed patterns in runoff and productivity. The ranges for model inputs at the 10-km and 50-km resolutions tended to contract because of the smoothed topography. Estimates for mean evapotranspiration and runoff were relatively insensitive to changing the spatial resolution of the grid whereas estimates of mean annual net primary production varied by 11%. The designation of a vegetation type and leaf area at the 50-km resolution often subsumed significant heterogeneity in vegetation, and this factor accounted for much of the difference in the mean values for the carbon flux variables. Although area-wide means for model outputs were generally similar across resolutions, difference maps often revealed large areas of disagreement. Relatively high spatial resolution analyses of biogeochemical cycling are desirable from several perspectives and may be particularly important in the study of the potential impacts of climate change.
Touch, sound, and things without the mind

: Two notable thought experiments are discussed in this article: Reid's thought experiment about whether a being supplied with tactile sensations alone could acquire the conception of extension and Strawson's thought experiment about whether a being supplied with auditory sensations alone could acquire the conception of mind-independent objects. The experiments are considered alongside Campbell's argument that only on the so-called relational view of experience is it possible for experiences to make available to their subjects the concept of mind-independent objects. I consider how the three issues ought to be construed as raising questions about woulds, coulds, or shoulds—and argue that only on the normative construal of them are they resolvable as intended by the a priori methods of the philosophers who pose them.
Room-temperature ductile carbides

Large-grained, oriented, polycrystalline samples of Ti3SiC2 loaded in compression at room temperature deform plastically. When the basal planes are oriented in such a way that allows for slip, deformation occurs by the formation of shear bands. The minimum critical resolved shear stress at room temperature is ≈36 MPa. When the slip planes are parallel to the applied load—a situation where ordinary glide is impossible—deformation occurs by a combination of delamination of, and kink band formation in, individual grains, as well as by shear band formation. It is this unique multiplicity of deformation modes that allows the material to deform plastically in any arbitrary orientation.
Optimal commercial policy with imperfect foreign supply

Maximizing social welfare when there is one foreign firm requires the imposition of fixed domestic price, which results in increased imports from the foreign firm until it engages in marginal cost pricing. A license fee captures (replaces) the foreign firm's economic profit (loss). Extension to the case where foreign supply consists of more than one firm differs from the one-firm analysis in that, while optimale policy consists of the setting of both a license fee and price level for the import, this may entail levying a tariff on imports from the foreign firms. The fee or tariff, but not both, may be negative.
Crossing County Boundaries: Sixteenth-Century Performance and Celebration in Yeovil, co. Somerset, and Sherborne, co. Dorset

In the mid-sixteenth century Sherborne and Yeovil each fostered dramatic activity within a small region straddling the Dorset-Somerset border by renting costumes to small neighbouring communities. 'Crossing County Boundaries' locates the two-decade period of such costume rentals within a comparative history of the dramatic activity of the two towns. Yeovil and Sherborne each had a long, rich tradition of mimetic activity: Yeovil chosen Robin Hoods to preside over Whitsun ales, gather funds for the parish, and participate in other celebrations; Sherborne staged plays on Corpus Christi Day in both the 1540s and the 1570s. Despite their very different dramatic interests the two towns' adaptations to changing external pressures on their seasonal celebrations are remarkably parallel.
Conformational stability of cyclobutanol from temperature dependent infrared spectra of xenon solutions, r0 structural parameters, ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment.

Abstract Variable temperature (−55 to −100 °C) studies of the infrared spectra (4000–400 cm−1) of cyclobutanol, c-C4H7OH dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. The infrared spectrum (4000–100 cm−1) of the gas has also been recorded. From these data two of the four possible stable conformers have been confidently identified and their order of stabilities has been experimentally determined where the first indicator is for the position of attachment of the hydroxyl group on the bent cyclobutyl ring (Eq = equatorial or Ax = axial) and the second one (t = trans, g = gauche) is the relative position of the hydroxyl rotor, i.e. rotation around the ring C O bond. The enthalpy difference between the most stable Eq-t conformer and the second most stable rotamer, Eq-g, has been determined to be 200 ± 50 cm−1 (2.39 ± 0.60 kJ/mol). This experimentally determined order is consistent with the order of stability predicted by ab initio calculations Eq-t > Eq-g > Ax-g > Ax-t. Evidence was obtained for the third conformer Ax-g which is predicted by ab initio calculations to be less stable by more than 650 cm−1 than the Eq-t form. The percentage of each conformer at ambient temperature is estimated to be Eq-t (50%), Eq-g (47%) and Ax-g (3%). The conformational stabilities, harmonic force fields, infrared intensities, Raman activities, depolarization ratios and vibrational frequencies have been obtained for all of the conformers from MP2(full)/6-31G(d) ab initio calculations. The optimized geometries and conformational stabilities have been obtained from ab initio calculations utilizing several different basis sets up to MP2(full)/aug-cc-pVTZ and from density functional theory calculations by the B3LYP method. By utilizing previously reported microwave rotational constants for the Eq-t conformer combined with ab initio MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) predicted structural values, adjusted r0 parameters have been obtained. The determined heavy atom structural parameters for the Eq-t conformer are: the distances C1 C4 = 1.547(5) A, C4 C6 = 1.552(5) A, C O = 1.416(5) A and angles ∠C6C4C1 = 86.6(5)°, ∠C4C1C5 = 88.9(5)° and ∠C6C5C1C4 = 22.8(5)°. The results are discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of some similar molecules.
Persistent superfluid phase in a three-dimensional quantum XY model with ring exchange

We present quantum Monte Carlo simulation results on a quantum $S=1∕2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}XY$ model with ring exchange (the $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}K$ model) on a three-dimensional simple cubic lattice. We first characterize the ground-state properties of the pure $XY$ model, obtaining estimations for the energy, spin stiffness, and spin susceptibility at $T=0$ in the superfluid phase. With the ring exchange, we then present simulation data on small lattices which suggest that the superfluid phase persists to very large values of the ring exchange $K$, without the signatures of a phase transition. We comment on the consequences of this result for the search for various exotic phases in three dimensions.
Thermoregulatory responses of a hibernator to hypothalamic and ambient temperatures.

Abstract Local cooling or heating of the hypothalamus of yellow bellied marmots elicited appropriate thermoregulatory responses to maintain body temperature. Increases in EMG, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were observed during hypothalamic cooling. Conversely, hypothalamic heating generally decreased thermogenic parameters toward minimal levels. Normothermic marmots retained thermoregulatory heat production throughout the year although loss of vasomotor regulation seemed to occur as they prepared for hibernation. The relationship between manipulated changes in hypothalamic temperature and induced changes in oxygen consumption was linear. This proportional relationship at one air temperature (15 °C) was parallel and displaced to the right of that relationship obtained at a lower air temperature (10 °C). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamic regulation of body temperature in normothermic marmots is similar to that of nonhibernating mammals, although vasomotor regulation may differ.
Proulx's Allusions to Shakespeare's RICHARD II in THE SHIPPING NEWS

Annie Proulx's fascination with historical and cultural nuances of geographical place is so powerful in her fiction that it is easy to overlook her engagement of literary tradition. This is one imp...
A decision procedure using discrete geometry

A decision procedure is given which makes essential use of concepts in discrete geometry. The procedure decides for any one-state Turing machine with three-dimensional tape, whether or not it has an immortal configuration, i.e., it solves the uniform halting problem for such devices. The history and significance of the problem is examined. The solution is given with the main motivation of showing how traditional mathematical concepts can be used in decision procedures. The paper is introductory in the sense that all notions are carefully defined.
Advances in basic sciences: I. fuel cells

Recent developments in the field of fuel cells are described in this article. These devices are capable of converting the chemical energy of fuels directly into electric energy. It is predicted that fuel cells for central station power may become a reality in the future.
Skin cancer screening among U.S. adults from 1992, 1998, and 2000 National Health Interview Surveys.

Abstract Background. Relatively little is known about the prevalence of skin cancer screening in the context of inconsistent skin cancer screening recommendations. Methods. To determine the prevalence and predictors of skin cancer screening rates in the U.S. adult population, we used self-reported data from the 1992, 1998, and 2000 National Health Interview Surveys, a nationally representative survey of civilian noninstitutionalized adults. Results. The percentage of the U.S. adult population who had ever had a skin examination conducted by a doctor was 20.6% in 1992, 20.9% in 1998, and 14.5% in 2000. The percentage with a recent skin examination was 10.3% in 1992, 11.0% in 1998, and 8.0% in 2000. White non-Hispanics reported being screened more frequently than persons in other racial or ethnic groups. Recent skin cancer screening exams were more common among white persons who had a family history of melanoma, had higher education, had usual place of care, and were older (≥50 years). Frequent use of sunscreen and hats was associated with a recent skin cancer exam. Conclusions. In the past decade, skin cancer screening rates have been consistently low. Continued monitoring of skin cancer examination is important given conflicting current research results and potentially evolving science.
Modeling and Control for Cage Rotor Dual Mechanical Port Electric Machine—Part II: Independent Control of Two Rotors

Application of electric machines in the traction and transmission systems of hybrid/electric vehicles has been studied for many years. The hybrid vehicle based on dual mechanical port (DMP) electric machine has gained more and more attention, because it eliminates the need for planetary gear and combines the motor and the generator into a compact electric machine. The DMP machine with a squirrel-cage outer rotor (SCDMP) is investigated in this paper. Due to its unique electromagnetic characteristics, control algorithms for conventional machines cannot be applied to the SCDMP machine. The methods to calculate the correct current commands and estimate the outer rotor flux position are proposed. Based on these two methods, a control algorithm for the SCDMP machine is proposed and estimated by simulation. The results show that the proposed control algorithm is able to independently control the torque productions and the flux levels of the two rotors of the SCDMP machine.
Psychopathic personality and racial/ethnic differences reconsidered: a reply to Lynn (2002)

Abstract Lynn (2002) argued that psychopathic personality is distributed disproportionately across racial and ethnic groups, and that these putative group differences were likely attributable to genetic factors. Lynn's analysis is problematic on three primary counts. First, he equates psychopathy with generalized antisocial behavior and social deviance and fails to distinguish longstanding personality-based from behavior-based conceptions of this syndrome. Second, Lynn presumes rather than demonstrates that genetic factors explain race differences in antisocial behavior and social deviance, neglecting such potential alternative explanations as socioeconomic status and measured verbal intelligence. Third, Lynn presents an evolutionary explanation for putative racial and ethnic group differences in psychopathy that fails to reflect current methods and practices of evolutionary biology and genetics. A lack of awareness that Lynn's conclusions are premature and unwarranted, given the present state of the data, may have far-reaching legal and public policy implications.
Finding One's Place in the “Family of Things”: Terry Tempest Williams and a Geography of Self

(2003). Finding One's Place in the “Family of Things”: Terry Tempest Williams and a Geography of Self. Women's Studies: Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 585-602.
The Effect of Sequential Patterns on Rehearsal Evaluations of High School and Elementary Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sequential patterns on evaluations by high school and elementary students of teaching in rehearsal. Subjects (N − 536) evaluated a high school choral music director conducting a scripted rehearsal containing 10 sequential patterns of instruction identified in previous research. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four presentations of the taped rehearsal: (1) audio and video; (2) audio only; (3) video only; or (4) script only. Results demonstrated that students rated presentations of script only and audio-video higher; presentations of audio or video only produced lower evaluations, as well as comments indicating frustration in deciding evaluation scores. In addition, patterns beginning with musical information were graded higher than those beginning with directions, those ending in approvals were graded higher than those ending in disapprovals, and those ending in specific reinforcement were graded higher than those ending in nonspecific rein...
Evaluation of isoelectric focusing running conditions during two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: variation of gel patterns with changing conditions and optimized isoelectric focusing conditions.

Abstract Five major isoelectric focusing (IEF) parameters—volt-hours; concentrations of acrylamide, NaOH, and H 3 PO 4 ; and equilibration time—were systematically varied to determine the effect of each on two-dimensional IEF/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel patterns and to optimize IEF conditions. Alterations in each parameter affected the gel pattern, frequently causing uncertainty in the identification of spots between conditions. The results emphasize the need for internal analytical consistency, and indicate that gel pattern comparisons between laboratories can be complicated if different IEF conditions are employed. The systematic evaluation indicated that optimized patterns were obtained when increased concentrations of NaOH and H 3 PO 4 (to 50 and 25 m m , respectively) and run durations of 10,000 V-h or longer were used.
Pulsed ENDOR and ESEEM Study of [Bis(maleonitriledithiolato)nickel](-): An Investigation into the Ligand Electronic Structure.

By a combination of Q-band pulsed ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) and X-band ESEEM (electron stimulated echo envelope modulation) techniques, we have determined the hyperfine tensors for ethylene (C1) and cyano (C2) carbons and N, of [Ni(mnt)2]-, along with the quadrupole tensor for nitrogen. These measurements give π electron spin densities of ρ(C1) ∼ 0.03 in the C1 2pz orbital, ρ(C2) < 0.003, ρ(N) ∼ 0.01, such that in total, ∼0.15 of the spin resides on the ligand atoms C and N, while the rest resides in the NiS4 core, giving ρ(NiS4-) = 0.85. These results are compared with extended Huckel and density functional (BLYP) MO calculations, as well as with Xα calculations reported earlier.
Implementation and Impact of the Patient Self Determination Act: Preliminary Survey and Proposals for Change

To promote advance medical directives, which the U.S. Supreme Court encouraged in Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, Congress enacted the Patient Self Determination Act (PSDA). The law requires various medical facilities to inform patients of their rights under state law to execute advance medical directives. Results from in-depth interviews with hospital and nursing home administrators, however, reveal that although the law has been implemented, it is having little practical effect on patients and residents. Other requirements of the law also are being carried out with different amounts of energy. A different orientation for policymakers, medical institutions, and adult consumers to the right to die may be more effective than the current law.
Hypercalcemia in mycobacterial infection.

Ten patients with tuberculosis and hypercalcemia were subjected to detailed clinical study after ascertaining that other known causes of hypercalcemia were absent. Normocalcemia was present on hospital admission in eight of the ten patients with the development of hypercalcemia two to sixteen weeks after admission. Six patients had known intakes of vitamin D2 of 400 to 3000 USP units daily for two to 22 weeks of hospitalization, exclusive of food and other dietary supplements. Steroid suppression tests were performed in six patients and were positive. In nine patients, the serum calcium became normal, exclusive of the immediate effect of the steroid suppression test, when vitamin D2 and calcium supplements were deleted and the underlying tuberculosis was treated. Normal serum inorganic phosphorus, normal alkaline phosphatase activity and a normal renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus were usually present. Hypercalciuria was observed in four of six patients in which the measurement was made. These data ...
Model confirmation of the MS-Related Symptom Checklist.

Data from a 26-item self-administered MS-Related Symptom Checklist (MS-RS), designed for persons diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), were factored for the purpose of (a) providing further validity for the MS-RS Checklist, (b) determining structural relationships between and within MS symptom clusters, and (c) determining conceptual similarities between symptoms contained within the MS-RS model and those associated with eight neurological functional systems. Data analyses were based on 491 MS subjects. Principal component analysis and Varimax-rotated factor analysis were used to achieve scale parsimony. The resultant 22-item scale consisting of five factors was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine relationships among factors, observed variables, and residual variance within the factor model. Modification of the initial factor model resulted in the inclusion of one additional relationship between an observed variable and a second factor and six paired relations among the residual variances. The modified factor model had a satisfactory GFI of .910. Signs and symptoms contained within the five-factor solution compared favorably with signs and symptoms assigned to the neurological functional systems which are used clinically in classifying MS disease impairment.
Lamb wave–based quantitative crack detection using a focusing array algorithm:

Cracks are common defects in aluminum plate-like components that are in widespread use in aerospace, shipbuilding, and other industries. Ultrasonic detection using Lamb waves has proven to be an efficient method for crack detection and localization. However, quantitative information regarding crack size or orientation is of paramount importance for damage diagnosis and life prediction. In this article, employing a sparsely arranged piezoelectric sensor array, a quantitative crack detection and imaging approach using a Lamb wave–focusing array algorithm is developed and presented. Additionally, Lamb wave propagation on thin-wall plates and wave interaction with crack damage was studied using three-dimensional elastodynamic finite integration technique. The focusing array imaging algorithm was then developed and applied to both simulation and experimental data to generate intensity images of the structure under interrogation. Experimentally, wafer-type piezoelectric actuators/sensors are permanently install...
Transformation behavior in Al2O3ZrO2 ceramic composites

Abstract Neutron powder diffraction was used to investigate the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation of ZrO2 in an Al2O3 ZrO2 ceramic composite containing 40 vol% tetragonal ZrO2. The neutron-diffraction data were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement technique, which allowed determination of the extent of the transformation, as a function of temperature. The onset transformation temperature determined for this sample was 130 K. Below this temperature, the fraction of the monoclinic phase continued to increase to about 9 vol% at 80 K and remained constant for temperatures below 80 K. The calculated thermal expansion, using the refined lattice parameters, was found to be in excellent agreement with dilatometry data, confirming that the sharp increase in the thermal expansion upon cooling resulted from the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in ZrO2.
The Klout Challenge: Preparing Your Students for Social Media Marketing.

This paper discusses a newly developed class project to aid students in their social media knowledge and experience. "The Klout Challenge" uses a social media influence metric from Klout.com to assess students' level of engagement with others through social media sites. This project produces multiple benefits for students. Students receive the opportunity for hands-on application of social media engagement strategies the current marketing landscape is seeking. In addition, students increase their Klout scores to send a positive quantifiable signal to hiring managers. The five-step implementation plan enables educators to incorporate this project into any course featuring social media marketing topics, such as an Internet marketing or a digital advertising class.
Chronic Cerebral Fever in Cerebral Palsy Temperature Athetosis

Summary Children affected with cerebral palsy relatively often show chronic intermittent febrile conditions persisting for months, conditions which cannot be ascribed to chronic infections alone. The authors consider that a so-called cerebral fever is involved, arising from a disturbed thermal regulation resulting from brain lesions. The condition is comparable to the motor athetosis of cerebral palsy children and could be termed temperature athetosis. Neither antibiotics nor antipyretics seem to have an effect on this fever. On peut souvent noter chez des enfants atteints de lesion cerebrale, une fievre intermittente et chronique persistant plusieurs mois. Cette hyperpyrexie ne peut cependant etre mise sur le compte d'infections chroniques. Les auteurs l'attribuent a une fievre d'origine cerebrale, qui serait le resultat d'une dysregulation des centres thermiques, provoquee par des lesions cerebrales. Cet etat est analogue a l'athetose des enfants atteints de paralysies cerebrales, et peut etre appelee « temperature d'athetose ». Ni les antibiotiques, ni les antithermiques n'ont d'action sur cette hyperpyrexie.
Target switching in curved human arm movements is predicted by changing a single control parameter

Straight-line movements have been studied extensively in the human motor-control literature, but little is known about how to generate curved movements and how to adjust them in a dynamic environment. The present work studied, for the first time to my knowledge, how humans adjust curved hand movements to a target that switches location. Subjects (n = 8) sat in front of a drawing tablet and looked at a screen. They moved a cursor on a curved trajectory (spiral or oval shaped) toward a goal point. In half of the trials, this goal switched 200 ms after movement onset to either one of two alternative positions, and subjects smoothly adjusted their movements to the new goal. To explain this adjustment, we compared three computational models: a superposition of curved and minimum-jerk movements (Flash and Henis in J Cogn Neurosci 3(3):220–230, 1991), Vector Planning (Gordon et al. in Exp Brain Res 99(1):97–111, 1994) adapted to curved movements (Rescale), and a nonlinear dynamical system, which could generate arbitrarily curved smooth movements and had a point attractor at the goal. For each model, we predicted the trajectory adjustment to the target switch by changing only the goal position in the model. As result, the dynamical model could explain the observed switch behavior significantly better than the two alternative models (spiral: P = 0.0002 vs. Flash, P = 0.002 vs. Rescale; oval: P = 0.04 vs. Flash; P values obtained from Wilcoxon test on R2 values). We conclude that generalizing arbitrary hand trajectories to new targets may be explained by switching a single control command, without the need to re-plan or re-optimize the whole movement or superimpose movements.
Intra- and inter-grain currents in coated conductors with arbitrary grain boundary properties from magnetic measurements

A generalized methodology is described for determining both the intragranular and through-grain-boundary critical current densities in practical coated conductors from contact-free magnetic hysteresis measurements. The model incorporates the vector nature of current density J within the superconducting grains and current conservation with respect to the grain boundaries. Using physically observed values for the grain aspect ratio as input, the analysis yields the low-field intragranular critical current density JcG from a single field-dependent measurement of the global Jc and provides a consistent description that spans the entire range from the weak-link () to the single-grain () limit. Results are given for ex?situ processed RBCO coatings on RABiTS.
Intelligibility of time-compressed sentential stimuli.

Time-compressed monosyllables have been studied relative to the assessment of central auditory disorders. In certain instances, sentential stimuli may be more useful than word lists in central audi...
Effects of the N-terminal domains of myosin binding protein-C in an in vitro motility assay: Evidence for long-lived cross-bridges.

Abstract Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a thick-filament protein whose precise function within the sarcomere is not known. However, recent evidence from cMyBP-C knock-out mice that lack MyBP-C in the heart suggest that cMyBP-C normally slows cross-bridge cycling rates and reduces myocyte power output. To investigate possible mechanisms by which cMyBP-C limits cross-bridge cycling kinetics we assessed effects of recombinant N-terminal domains of MyBP-C on the ability of heavy meromyosin (HMM) to support movement of actin filaments using in vitro motility assays. Here we show that N-terminal domains of cMyBP-C containing the MyBP-C “motif,” a sequence of ∼110 amino acids, which is conserved across all MyBP-C isoforms, reduced actin filament velocity under conditions where filaments are maximally activated (i.e. either in the absence of thin filament regulatory proteins or in the presence of troponin and tropomyosin and high [Ca2+]). By contrast, under conditions where thin filament sliding speed is submaximal (i.e. in the presence of troponin and tropomyosin and low [Ca2+]), proteins containing the motif increased filament speed. Recombinant N-terminal proteins also bound to F-actin and inhibited acto-HMM ATPase rates in solution. The results suggest that N-terminal domains of MyBP-C slow cross-bridge cycling kinetics by reducing rates of cross-bridge detachment.
Using multinational strategic alliance negotiations to help ensure alliance success: an entrepreneurial orientation

This paper discusses the strategic importance of the negotiation phase of multinational strategic alliance development. The focus is on the potential partner negotiation process that occurs prior to the signing of the alliance deal. It explores ways in which negotiations can be effectively used to substantially improve the chances of success by providing practical guidelines that are useful for multinational managers. The wide variety of activities and demands involved involves a contingent entrepreneurial management process that is examined here. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.