cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intermittent Lighting on Energy Savings and Semen Characteristics of Breeder Tom Turkeys

Abstract Large White breeder toms were exposed to one of the following light treatments at 34 weeks of age: 1) 15L:9D (control); 2) 2L:11D:4L:7D; 3) 4L:9D:4L:7D; 4) 2L:11D:2L:9D. After 4, 8, 12, and 18 weeks of exposure to these intermittent light treatments, body weight, feed consumption, and semen quality and quantity were determined. Although they maintain similar body weights, toms on intermittent light consumed less feed, produced equivalent semen volumes with similar sperm numbers, and maintained percent normal sperm more persistently during the summer heat than control toms. Compared to the 15L:9D controls, electrical savings for light as great as 73% was calculated for intermittent light. It was concluded that toms can be maintained more efficiently on intermittent lighting than a standard lighting program of 15 hr of light per day.
Secure Multiset Intersection Cardinality and its Application to Jaccard Coefficient

The Jaccard Coefficient, as an information similarity measure, has wide variety of applications, such as cluster analysis and image segmentation. Due to the concerns of personal privacy, the Jaccard Coefficient cannot be computed directly between two independently owned datasets. The problem, secure computation of the Jaccard Coefficient for multisets (SJCM), considers the situation where two parties want to securely compute the random shares of the Jaccard Coefficient between their multisets. During the process, the content of each party's multiset is not disclosed to the other party and also the value of Jaccard Coefficient should be hidden from both parties. Secure computation of multiset intersection cardinality is an important sub-problem of SJCM. Existing methods when applied to solve such a problem can lead to either insecure or inefficient solutions. Our work addresses this gap. We first present a basic SJCM protocol constructed using the existing secure dot product method as a sub-routine. Then, as a major contribution, we propose an approximated version of our basic protocol to improve efficiency without compromising accuracy much. We provide various experimental results to show that the proposed protocols are significantly more efficient than the existing techniques when the domain size is small using both simulated and real datasets.
Response of plasma glucose and fatty acids to hypermetabolism.

SummaryThe response of plasma glucose and Nefa concentrations to DNP has been investigated. An overshoot in the transient response of plasma glucose concentration to a DNP-induced step increase in metabolic rate was apparent, with roughly 2 hours required for attainment of the steady state. We have failed, however, to detect any impairment of this response by prereserpinization. The Nefa concentration was found to increase continuously in response to DNP at a rate greater than that found in anesthetized control animals. The reserpinized animals differed only by an initial decrease in plasma Nefa concentration following DNP.
Effects of Polysaccharides on Aquatic Animals Immune

:Polysaccharides is one kind of immunostimulants. It can improve functions of the non-specific immune system. This review classifies the polysaccharides applied in the fisheries according to origin and chemical structure, then chiefly summarizes the mechanisms of modulating the non-specific defense system of the aquatic animals and reviews the functions of several kinds of polysaccharides, prevention of stress included. Moreover, this article discusses some factors in practices. It is expected to offer references for the other researchers on this subject.
Randomized Controlled Study of Surgery for Epilepsy

Eighty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were assigned at random to surgery (40 patients) or antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment only for one year (40 patients), and results were assessed by epileptologists without knowledge of treatment regimen, at the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
Meeting demand: A multi-method approach to optimizing hospital language interpreter staffing

Objective: The objective of this paper is to highlight a study on optimizing the full-time equivalent (FTE) for Spanish and Mandarin interpreters at Christiana Care Health System. In this study, there were multiple challenges that needed to be addressed, and a multi-method approach was taken. Methods: These methods include: (1) time-motion study to quantify interpreter workflow and variability of duration of time needed for each task; (2) an integer program to optimize the number of interpreters needed per hour based on historical demand patterns for interpreter services; (3) Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) to examine the use of agency interpreters in order to meet demand; (4) cost modelling to convert FTEs and the use of agency interpreters into overall costs to the hospital; and (5) sensitivity analysis to evaluate alternative number of interpreter FTEs and their corresponding costs to the hospital. Results: Overall cost to the hospital is predicted to decrease with additional FTE interpreters, up to a threshold level above which the cost will start to increase. Through this innovative methodology used in this paper, we predict that hiring 3.5 more FTEs for Spanish interpreters will result in 9.07% of cost savings, and predict that hiring one FTE for Mandarin interpreters will result in 25.87% in cost savings compared to the current expense of providing Mandarin language interpretation. Conclusions: Contrary to intuition, increasing number of FTEs results in cost savings. Besides the financial benefit, hospitals will also be able to ensure the quality of health services that Limited English Proficiency (LEP) patients and families receive.
Peptide and Protein Dynamics and Low-Temperature/DNP Magic Angle Spinning NMR

In DNP MAS NMR experiments at ∼80–110 K, the structurally important −13CH3 and −15NH3+ signals in MAS spectra of biological samples disappear due to the interference of the molecular motions with the 1H decoupling. Here we investigate the effect of these dynamic processes on the NMR line shapes and signal intensities in several typical systems: (1) microcrystalline APG, (2) membrane protein bR, (3) amyloid fibrils PI3-SH3, (4) monomeric alanine-CD3, and (5) the protonated and deuterated dipeptide N-Ac-VL over 78–300 K. In APG, the three-site hopping of the Ala-Cβ peak disappears completely at 112 K, concomitant with the attenuation of CP signals from other 13C’s and 15N’s. Similarly, the 15N signal from Ala-NH3+ disappears at ∼173 K, concurrent with the attenuation in CP experiments of other 15N’s as well as 13C’s. In bR and PI3-SH3, the methyl groups are attenuated at ∼95 K, while all other 13C’s remain unaffected. However, both systems exhibit substantial losses of intensity at ∼243 K. Finally, with spe...
Molecular envelope and atomic model of an anti-terminated glyQS T-box regulator in complex with tRNAGly

A T-box regulator or riboswitch actively monitors the levels of charged/uncharged tRNA and participates in amino acid homeostasis by regulating genes involved in their utilization or biosynthesis. It has an aptamer domain for cognate tRNA recognition and an expression platform to sense the charge state and modulate gene expression. These two conserved domains are connected by a variable linker that harbors additional secondary structural elements, such as Stem III. The structural basis for specific tRNA binding is known, but the structural basis for charge sensing and the role of other elements remains elusive. To gain new structural insights on the T-box mechanism, a molecular envelope was calculated from small angle X-ray scattering data for the Bacillus subtilis glyQS T-box riboswitch in complex with an uncharged tRNAGly. A structural model of an anti-terminated glyQS T-box in complex with its cognate tRNAGly was derived based on the molecular envelope. It shows the location and relative orientation of various secondary structural elements. The model was validated by comparing the envelopes of the wild-type complex and two variants. The structural model suggests that in addition to a possible regulatory role, Stem III could aid in preferential stabilization of the T-box anti-terminated state allowing read-through of regulated genes.
Application of K-means technique in data mining to cluster hemodialysis patients

Hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease are often hospitalized due to infection cardiovascular syndromes or cancer Through interviews with the doctors at a well known hospital for kidney disease a list of important variables including the clinical lab test results the demographic and the socio economic information was developed After finalizing the list with the doctors the needed data of patients was provided anonymously so that real data can be used for this research The review of literature reveals that no other research considered all of these measures used in this work simultaneously In the next stage the data was processed and prepared to be used as the input data for the implementation of data mining techniques The clustering of patients via the K Means technique is explained here The results obtained from the data mining model in this research can be useful for the decision makers and doctors Implementing the model seems promising and analyzing the results proved this point and delivered interesting grouping of patients Also it can be claimed that this research is a good prologue for future researches
Truebeam Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Preliminary Results at a Single Institution.

INTRODUCTION Radiosurgery is now an established method of satisfactory pain control in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The Varian Truebeam STx (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) linear accelerator (LINAC) system is an arc-based, frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system used for the treatment of TN. To our knowledge, there has been only one published series of patient histories that documents the use of a frameless LINAC system for the treatment of TN. We describe the treatment parameters, patient outcomes, and complications associated with the treatment of TN. METHODS All patients treated with the Truebeam system for TN between 2012 and 2015, with at least a six-month follow-up, were identified. A dose of 90 Gy was delivered to the isocenter using a 0.5 cm diameter cone. The cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve was placed at the location of the LINAC isocenter using an ExacTrac™ (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) image guidance system. The radiosurgical dose, Barrow Neurologic Institute pain score (BNI PS), symptom recurrence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiographic changes, and other complications, including Barrow Neurologic Institute facial numbness score (BNI FN), were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 18 patients-15 women and 3 men-with a mean age of 58 years (median: 59 years; range: 22-84 years) were treated at our institution. Fourteen patients (78%) had a BNI PS of IIIb or better, which was considered successful treatment. Twelve patients had excellent (BNI PS I) pain relief and two patients had good (BNI PS II-IIIB; recurrence after one year) pain relief. The pain of four patients recurred after a mean of 10 months. CONCLUSION Truebeam radiosurgery can provide effective and safe treatment for patients suffering from TN. The efficacy appears similar to other frame- and frameless-based systems.
Promoting Public Health or Underlying Business Interests? The Effectiveness (or Ineffectiveness) of Responsible Drinking Social Causes by the Alcohol Industry Versus Non-Profits

This study examined differences in the effectiveness of responsible drinking campaigns in promoting public health or facilitating underlying interests between the alcohol industry and non-profit or...
Use of antibiotic impregnated resorbable beads reduces pressure ulcer recurrence: A retrospective analysis.

Recurrence of pressure ulcers remains common. We have employed resorbable antibiotic beads as a therapeutic strategy to deliver high local antibiotic concentrations to the debridement site. Our objective was to determine whether the use of resorbable antibiotic- beads would reduce pressure ulcer recurrence. We reviewed all stage IV pressure ulcers treated with excision, partial ostectomy and flap coverage over 16 years. Baseline patient factors (location of ulcer, presence of osteomyelitis, preoperative prealbumin), surgical factors (type of flap, use of antibiotic beads, bone culture results) and postoperative outcomes (ulcer recurrence at 1 year, dehiscence, seroma, cellulitis) were collected. Outcomes of patients who received antibiotic-impregnated beads were compared to those who did not. Eighty-six patients with 120 stage IV pressure ulcers underwent excision and flap coverage. This included 16 ulcers where antibiotic beads were used and 104 where they were not. The overall ulcer recurrence rate at 12 months was 35.8%. The recurrence rate in the group treated with antibiotic beads was significantly lower than the group without beads (12.5% vs. 39.4%, p = 0.03). Overall, complication rates between the two groups were similar (43.8% vs. 51.9%, p = 0.54). No systemic or local toxicity from antibiotic beads occurred. Scanning electron microscopy images of sacral bone from one case showed bacterial biofilm even after debridement. Pressure ulcer recurrence at 1 year after excision and flap coverage decreased significantly with the use of resorbable antibiotic beads.
Mario vs. the Lich King: How Culture Affects American Consumers' Preferences for American or Japanese Video Games

In order for the American video industry to continue to grow and attract more American and international consumers, it is vital to understand which attributes of video games are most important in determining consumers' purchasing choices, and it is equally important to know how cultural and social values contribute to these norms. My primary research goal is to determine which video games American consumers most often prefer, why do they prefer them, and what underlying cultural attributes affect these preferences. To answer these questions, I grounded my research in historical context, analyzed sales statistics from credible online resources, conducted two extensive surveys of American video game consumers, and used widely accepted theories about Japanese and American culture to interpret this information. I found that Americans prefer multiplayer games whereas Japanese players like single‐player games, and American consumers can be broken down into four overlapping categories with distinct preferences. From these results, I concluded that culture and social structures do affect consumers' video game preferences to a degree, and that American consumers can be further broken down based on gender and play style.
Impossibility of Rectilinear Flow in Pipes

In Lecture 8 the most general form of the stress possible in a simple fluid undergoing viscometric flow was determined, and in Lecture 9 certain classes of viscometric flows were shown to be dynamically possible without bringing to bear non-conservative body force. In these classes, the streamlines are the same as for a Navier-Stokes fluid in the same circumstances, but the distribution of speeds upon them is different, being determined by the shear-viscosity function τ(k) of the fluid.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and axonal loss for which the exact immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are unknown. In the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the most important laboratory diagnostic and monitoring tool in MS (1). Moreover, MRI is 5 to 10 times more sensitive than clinical data in the assessment of disease activity (2). The sensitivity of T2-weighted images (T2-WI) in detection of MS lesions, together with the ability of gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1-WI to reflect increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability associated with active inflammatory activity, allows the demonstration of spatial and temporal dissemination of MS lesions earlier than is possible from clinical assessments. Therefore, in the last decade, metrics derived from conventional MRI have been widely employed in therapeutic clinical trials (3, 4, 5, 6). Several conventional MRI protocols, in conjunction with clinical assessment, are now routinely used to detect therapeutic effects and extend clinical observations (7).
Secondary Teachers’ Learning: Measures of Variation

This chapter describes results from a project to design and implement professional development for middle and high school mathematics teachers to investigate how dilemma, critical reflection, and rational discourse affect teachers’ understandings and reasoning about variation. Framed by transformative learning theory, this study highlights how teachers’ engagement with activities designed to prompt dilemma, consideration of multiple perspectives through multiple representations and rational discourse, and examination of premises underlying measures and procedures broadened teachers’ perspectives on measures of variation. This study contributes to teacher education by identifying circumstances conducive to deepening statistical understandings and supporting increasingly complex statistical reasoning.
Abstract 3629: Development of Combrestatin loaded vascular cell modified CLENS for targeting cellular models of tumor vascular endothelia in vitro

Purpose: The American Cancer Society predicts that about 0.6 million people would die of cancer and about 1.7 million new cases will be diagnosed in the year 2018. One important goal of cancer treatment is to minimize uptake of the cytotoxic drug agent by normal tissues. CLENs (cell membrane lipid-extracted nanoliposomes) have been developed to enhance targeted delivery of drugs to cancer cells located in the tumor interstitial matrix environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CLENs for tumor vascular targeting. Methods: We expanded tumor endothelial cells derived from the pancreas followed by membrane extraction and the development of MS1-VEGF CLENs for vascular targeting. We evaluated the benefits of the additional inclusion of conventional liposome components (DOPC/Chol/DPPE-PEG5000) in various ratios, including the synthetic cationic lipid DOTAP (50 mol%), known for its vascular targeting characteristics when employed with conventional liposome components. We performed cellular uptake studies to determine relative level of selectivity in connection with the inclusion of LE (lipid extract) material. We determined also the effect of the additional inclusion of DOTAP in CLENs for targeting. We separated free drug from drug incorporated in CLENs using dialysis cassettes with MWCO of 10 kD. We evaluated the efficiency of Combrestatin A4 Phosphate (a microtubule-destabilizing agent) loading in CLENs by HPLC. Results: The addition of (50 mol%) cationic lipid DOTAP content in CLENs increased the overall zeta potential of the preparation from -14.26 ± 3.65 mV to 10.24 ± 4.23 mV. The average particle size for MS1-VEGF CLENs was approximately 137 ± 7 nm. The cellular uptake studies revealed that CLENs consisting of 70 mol% LE demonstrated the greatest selectivity towards MS1 VEGF cells, when compared to minimal uptake observed for non-target human glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell control. However, the data suggest also an overwhelming cationic lipid effect when DOTAP was included in the CLENs. Where overall cellular uptake increased, the selectivity afforded by LE decreased. Preliminary drug loading studies (between 20 and 45%) suggested that LE inclusion in nanoliposomes influenced the capacity for drug loading. Conclusion: The inclusion of MS1-VEGF lipid extract material in nanoliposomes improved vascular selectivity. The additional inclusion of DOTAP enhanced targeting, but the preference for target versus non-target cells had diminished. Additional studies are currently underway. Citation Format: Kanchi S. Sanghvi, Robert Campbell, Guang Yan. Development of Combrestatin loaded vascular cell modified CLENS for targeting cellular models of tumor vascular endothelia in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3629.
Transnasal and Transoral Approaches to Atlantoaxial Synovial Cysts: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Background Synovial cysts are cystic masses lined with pseudostratified columnar cells and containing clear or xanthochromic fluid. Although they are commonly encountered in the lumbar spine, synovial cysts infrequently occur in the cervical spine and rarely involve the odontoid process. The causes of synovial cysts of the odontoid process are unknown, but growth of synovial rests, proliferation of multipotent mesenchymal cells, atlantoaxial instability, and trauma are thought to play a role. Case Description We present 3 cases of atlantoaxial cysts with the associated radiographic features, surgical management, and clinical outcomes. No patient had rheumatoid arthritis. In all cases, preoperative differential diagnosis included neoplastic pathologic changes. Two patients underwent odontoidectomy through either an endonasal or a transoral approach, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. The third patient underwent an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for cyst decompression. Conclusions Tissue diagnosis is important in confirming pathologic analysis because synovial cysts have radiographic characteristics similar to those of a wide variety of neoplasms of the craniovertebral junction.
Effects of two non-invasive continuous positive pressure devices on the acoustic environment of preterm infants

Abstract Background Two non-invasive ventilation strategies, Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (Bubble CPAP) and standard nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nasal-CPAP), are commonly used to treat preterm infants in the NICU, differentially impacting their auditory environment and contributing to noise exposure above recommended safe levels. Aim To compare differences in sound exposure for preterm infants receiving two types of non-invasive CPAP. Method Prospective observational study of 108 preterm infants, receiving either Bubble-CPAP or nasal-CPAP, using repeated measures of sound exposure in single-patient rooms and semi-private bays. Results Analyses with repeated measures demonstrated that both types of CPAP increase noise levels above the background of the NICU, and that non-invasive nasal-CPAP produces higher noise pollution compared to Bubble CPAP, regardless of the room type. Conclusion While CPAP is a necessary treatment for many preterm infants, cumulative noise exposure in extremely preterm infants may also be a care consideration.
Heart Transplant Outcomes in Patients Who Receive Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Positive Donor Hearts

Purpose The advent of anti-viral therapy for HBV has made it possible to expand the donor pool for heart transplant recipients. Little is known in long term outcomes of recipients who receive HBV+ donor hearts. We sought to explore long-term transplant outcomes in recipients who received HBV+ donor hearts compared to those who received HBV- donor hearts. Methods UNOS registry was queried and identified 1,141 patients who received a heart transplant from hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)+ donors and 53,192 patients who received a heart transplant from HBcAb- donors. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, ethnicity, ischemic time, dialysis, life support, waitlist time and HLA mismatch. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated comparing survival outcomes in patients post-HT with HBcAb+ donor to patients post-HT with HBcAb- donor. Results There were 1141 patients in the donor HBV+ cohort and 53,192 patients in the donor HBV- cohort. HBV+ cohort were younger (p Conclusion Use of HBV+ donors in heart transplantation was associated with worse overall survival compared to use of HBV- donors. Further study is warranted to better understand the implications of these findings.
Effect of a Sepsis Screening Algorithm on Care of Children with False-Positive Sepsis Alerts.

Objectives To determine if implementation of an automated sepsis screening algorithm with low positive predictive value led to inappropriate resource utilization in emergency department (ED) patients as evidenced by an increased proportion of children with false-positive sepsis screens receiving intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Study design Retrospective cohort study comparing children Results Of 1457 patients, 1277 triggered a false-positive sepsis alert in the silent and active alert periods, respectively. In multivariable models, there were no changes in the proportion administered IV antibiotics (27.0% vs 27.6%, aOR 1.1 [0.9,1.3]) or IV fluid boluses (29.7% vs 29.1%, aOR 1.0 [0.8,1.2]). Differences in ED LOS and proportion admitted to the hospital were not significant when controlling for similar changes seen across all ED encounters. Conclusions An automated sepsis screening algorithm did not lead to changes in the proportion receiving IV antibiotics or IV fluid boluses, department LOS, or the proportion admitted to the hospital for patients with false-positive sepsis alerts.
The Depression of 1920–1921 and the Return to “Orthodoxy” (a)

In March 1921, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) wrestled with setting monetary policy during a severe economic contraction, called by many a depression. FRB members disagreed over whether to respond to the depression, and if so, how. The depression had sparked a crisis of purpose and policy within the FRB. For the past six years, FRB leaders had been trying to get the Treasury to allow the Federal Reserve (Fed) to pursue “orthodox” monetary policies; but the Treasury had demanded that the Fed implement policies that would support America's war effort. The depression also stoked intense criticism of the Fed from Progressives, Populists, labor, socialists, veterans, and farmers, who charged that the Fed caused the depression, and were now agitating for change. The FRB leaders confronted questions that seemed likely to shape the Fed for years to come. What should be the Fed's role in the American economy? How should the Fed help resolve World War I's debt burden and the resulting inflation? What reforms, if any, should the monetary authorities seek? Perhaps most importantly, was the “orthodoxy” of established practices still appropriate in the world that had emerged from the war? This case set has been taught successfully in Darden in-person and online classes. Excerpt UVA-F-1890 Rev. Aug. 7, 2020 The Depression of 1920–1921 and the Return to “Orthodoxy” (A) In early April 1921, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) in Washington, DC, wrestled with setting monetary policy in the context of a severe economic contraction, called by many a “depression.” Members of the FRB (see Exhibit1) disagreed over whether to respond to the depression, and if so, how. The new US president, Warren G. Harding, inaugurated on March 4, 1921, seemed likely to bring new policy to the federal government, but offered no guidance. The depression had sparked a crisis of purpose and policy within the FRB. For the past six years, its governor, William P. G. Harding, and the governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Benjamin Strong, had argued bitterly with officials of the Treasury Department. William Harding and Strong had wanted the Treasury to allow the Federal Reserve (Fed) to pursue “orthodox” monetary policies, but the Treasury had demanded that the Fed implement policies that would support America's war effort. The depression also stoked intense criticism of the Fed from without. Progressives, Populists, labor, socialists, veterans, and farmers had charged that the Fed caused the depression. Now, these same groups agitated for change. . . .
Syntactic Structures as Multi-dimensional Trees

We survey a sequence of results relating model-theoretic and language-theoreticdefinability over an infinite hierarchy of multi-dimensional tree-like structures and explore their applications to a corresponding range of theoriesof syntax. We discuss, in particular, results for Government and Binding Theory(GB), Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TAG) and Generalized Phrase-Structure Grammar(GPSG) along with a generalized version of TAG extending TAG in much the sameway that GPSG extends CFLs. In addition, we look at a hierarchy oflanguage classes, Weir's version of the Control Language Hierarchy, which ischaracterized by definability in our hierarchy and speculate on possiblelinguistic significance of higher levels of these hierarchies.
El modelo de las fuerzas discursivas y el doblado de clíticos rioplatense

El espanol expresa objetos directos mediante cliticos, sintagmas nominales independientes lexicales o pronominales, o ambos (doblado de cliticos). Esta ultima estructura presenta problemas para las teorias sintacticas que asumen que cada argumento de un predicado puede ser expresado una sola vez. Mucho se ha escrito sobre la representacion estructural y semantica del doblado de cliticos de objeto directo. Sin embargo, aun no sabemos que impulsa a los hablantes a utilizar estas estructuras aparentemente redundantes. En este trabajo analizamos el dialecto Rioplatense, generalmente entendido como el mas permisivo con respecto al doblado de objetos directos, admitiendo el doblado no solo de pronombres animados y de objetos directos animados, sino tambien el de objetos directos inanimados. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que el doblado de cliticos responde a fuerzas discursivas que requieren independientemente la expresion de un objeto directo como clitico y como sintagma nominal lexical. El analisis relaciona la estructura del discurso con las jerarquias tipologicas universales de marcaje de argumentos verbales para explicar bajo que condiciones un hablante rioplatense escoge una estructura de doblado para satisfacer diferentes presiones discursivas. Los ejemplos proceden de un corpus de cuatro textos referenciados en el apendice, mas ejemplos recogidos de la red.
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-β blood-brain barrier transcytosis and clearance

PICALM is a highly validated genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that reduced expression of PICALM in AD and murine brain endothelium correlated with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and cognitive impairment. Moreover, Picalm deficiency diminished Aβ clearance across the murine blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accelerated Aβ pathology in a manner that was reversible by endothelial PICALM re-expression. Using human brain endothelial monolayers, we found that PICALM regulated PICALM/clathrin-dependent internalization of Aβ bound to the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-1, a key Aβ clearance receptor, and guided Aβ trafficking to Rab5 and Rab11, leading to Aβ endothelial transcytosis and clearance. PICALM levels and Aβ clearance were reduced in AD-derived endothelial monolayers, which was reversible by adenoviral-mediated PICALM transfer. Inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived human endothelial cells carrying the rs3851179 protective allele exhibited higher PICALM levels and enhanced Aβ clearance. Thus, PICALM regulates Aβ BBB transcytosis and clearance, which has implications for Aβ brain homeostasis and clearance therapy.
Capillary movement of liquid in granular beds

Knowledge of capillary migration of liquids in granular beds in microgravity is essential for the development of a substrate based nutrient delivery sytem for the growth of plants in space. This problem is also interesting from the theoretical as well as the practical point of view. The purpose of this study was to model capillary water propagation through a granular bed in microgravity. In our ground experiments, water propagation is driven primarily by capillary force. Data for spherical partical sizes in the range from 0.46 to 2 mm have been obtained. It was shown that the velocity of water propagation is very sensitive to particle size. Theoretical consideration is also provided. Actual space flight experiments are planned for the future to confirm our results.
Acculturation and Its Effects on Self-Esteem among Immigrant Latina Women

Relationships in the stress-process model, examining level of acculturation, social support, marital status, religion, education, and ethnicity associated with self-esteem in 491 immigrant women from Latin America at baseline and 1 year later were studied. The mediating/moderating effects of social support, marital status, religion, and education on the relation between level of acculturation and self-esteem were analyzed. Findings, based on correlations and various multiple regression analyses, showed that the Latina immigrant women experienced increases in both level of acculturation and self-esteem over the 1-year period. When baseline self-esteem was controlled for, only ethnicity and change in level of acculturation were significantly related to follow-up self-esteem; no significant mediators or moderators of acculturation change were found. Differences between Mexican and other Central American participants were noted.
Mandatory Inclusionary Zoning--The Answer to Affordable Housing Problem

Affordable housing has always been a problem in the United States. Cities and towns originally engaged in forms of discrimination through exclusionary zoning to exclude low-income residents. While many of the social attitudes persist today, the question is how to encourage new affordable housing development. This Note introduces the concept of inclusionary zoning as a successful method for creating affordable housing. The Note examines the constitutional analyses used for land use ordinances. Then, the Note evaluates existing affordable housing programs, distinguishing between the eastern approach and the western approach. The eastern approach—represented by New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Montgomery County, Maryland—is based upon a “fair share” of affordable housing but lacks any planning requirement. The western approach, as illustrated by Oregon and California, is based upon community planning of all necessary elements including affordable housing, and have successfully required affordable housing development. Ultimately, the Note adopts a perspective that mandatory inclusionary zoning in all communities is the best option and should be valid under an impact fee-like analysis.
Problem Behavior Interventions for Young Children with Autism: A Research Synthesis

This paper provides a summary of research on behavioral interventions for children with autism 8 years of age or younger published between 1996 and 2000. The analysis is divided into four sections: (1) emerging themes in the technology of behavior support, (2) a review of existing research syntheses focusing on behavioral interventions, (3) a new literature review of current pertinent research, and (4) an evaluative discussion of the synthesis results and the field's future needs to develop effective behavioral interventions for young children with autism. The authors offer recommendations for strengthening the existing research base and advancing behavioral technology to meet the needs of the defined target population.
Influence of Certain Ligands on the Dissociation Rate Constants of Cardiac Glycoside Complexes with Sodium- and Potassium-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphatase

In the paper by Yoda and Yoda, "Influence of Certain Ligands on the Dissociation Rate Constants of Cardiac Glycoside Complexes with Sodium- and Potassium-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphatase," Vol. 10, No. 5, September 1974, line 9 of MATERIALS AND METHODS (p. 811) should read: Enzyme complex, the enzyme suspension was diluted to stop the association... Line 21 on p. 814 should read: 50 mM NaCl instead of 50 mM CaCl.
Poincare's method for systems with impulse effects: application to mechanical biped locomotion

The existence and stability properties of periodic orbits are studied for nonlinear systems with impulse effects. This is achieved with an extension of the well-known method of Poincare. The main result is then applied to a model of an under actuated, five degree of freedom biped robot with a torso in order to prove, for the first time, the existence of an asymptotically stable walking cycle.
Crystallization of the chaperone protein SecB

The secretory protein SecB found in Escherichia coli is a molecular chaperone that binds to precursor forms of a number of proteins targeted for export to the periplasmic space. SecB maintains these proteins in a translocation-competent conformation facilitating the translocation process. The material has been cloned and expressed in E. coli. Crystals have been grown from polyethylene glycol 8000 by vapor diffusion using the hanging drop technique. These crystals are monoclinic, belonging to space group C2 with unit cell dimensions a = 56.0 A, b = 111.1 A, c = 134.7 A, and beta = 104 degrees. The crystals diffract to 8 A resolution on a Rigaku imaging plate detector. Dynamic light scattering experiments suggest that SecB exhibits aggregation behavior with a number of different precipitating agents. These results may explain resistance of SecB to forming ordered crystals.
Homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic cancer cells are mirror image processes, utilizing similar signaling pathways and occurring concurrently: circulating cancer cells constitute an ideal target for concurrent treatment with chemotherapy and antilineage-specific antibodies

Adhesion molecules and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 signaling play key role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor (HPC) and hematopoietic cancer clonogenic cells (HCC). High expression of VLA-4 is required for homing of HPC and HCC, whereas downregulation of these molecules is required for successful mobilization of HPC and HCC. Upregulation and activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling is required for homing of HPC and HCC, whereas disruption of the SDF-1 signaling is required for mobilization of HPC and HCC. Hence, mobilizations of HPC and HCC occur concurrently. It is proposed that drug resistance evolves as a result of repeated cycles of chemotherapy. Following each cycle of chemotherapy, HCC lose adhesion molecules and SDF-1 signaling. Surviving cells, released from tumor sites, circulate until re-expression of adhesion molecules and CXCR4 occurs, then homing to stroma of distal tissues occurs. Cytokines secreted by cells in the new microenvironment induce proliferation and drug resistance of HCC. This process is amplified in each cycle of chemotherapy resulting in disease progression. A novel model for treatment is proposed in which circulating HCC are the target for clinical intervention, and concurrent treatment with chemotherapy and antilineage-specific antibodies will result in abrogation of the 'vicious cycle' of conventional anticancer therapy.
Material handling: simulation based comparison of semiconductor AMHS alternatives: Continuous Flow vs. Overhead Monorail

Automation is an essential component in today's semiconductor manufacturing As factories migrate to 300 mm technology, automated handling becomes increasingly important for variety of ergonomic, safety, and yield considerations. Traditional semiconductor AMHS systems, such as the Overhead Monorail Vehicles (OMV) or Overhead Hoist, can be overly expensive. Cost projections for a 300mm inter/intrabay AMHS installation are in the range of $50M - $100M. As an alternative, a lower cost alternative AMHS, called Continuos Flow Transport has been proposed. The CFT system is similar to what has historically been identified as a conveyor based movement system. The CFT system provides cost savings at reduced flexibility and longer delivery time. This study compares the CFT to Overhead Monorail transport, determining a cumulative delivery time distribution. As expected, the CFT system requires a longer average delivery time interval than OMV, but may provide total savings through reduced transport variability.
Efficient Implementation of the Exact Numerical Far Field Boundary Condition for Poisson Equation on an Infinite Domain

Computation of exterior fluid problems often involves solving the Poisson equation in an unbounded domain. To cut down computational cost, it is desirable to minimize the computational domain. Therefore an important numerical issue is how to specify correctly the boundary condition at a finite computational boundary. In this note, the author presents an efficient method for such a task.
The effects of output and factor subsidies or taxes on an urban area

Abstract This study investigates the effects of five types of factor and output subsidies upon an urban area. It represents an improvement upon prior regional tax or subsidy analyses since it includes a non-traded good in the urban model. Also, the supply elasticities of the three inputs to production; land, labor, and capital are parameterized, thus increasing the generality of the results. A suggested application of the model is to the study of urban decentralization policies in countries with a low or mid-level of development.
Medical and Surgical Treatment Options for Pulmonary Hypertension

Significant advances in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension have been achieved in the past decade. Approximately one quarter of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) can be effectively managed with chronic calcium channel blocker therapy; for the remainder, transplantation or continuous intravenous epoprostenol are complex but effective approaches. Epoprostenol therapy was initially envisioned as a bridge to transplantation, but recent experience has established this approach as an alternative to transplantation in some patients, with comparable survival rates. Not all patients derive benefit from epoprostenol, however, and adverse effects are common. Accordingly, patients who fall into New York Heart Association Functional Classes III and IV and who are refractory to oral vasodilator therapy should be evaluated both for the initiation of epoprostenol therapy and concurrent listing for transplantation. By delaying or avoiding transplantation through the use of epoprostenol, these patients may also benefit from ongoing research that targets novel therapeutic approaches and less cumbersome delivery mechanisms. Thus, epoprostenol may serve as a bridge to transplantation for some patients and to newer therapeutic options for others.
Quality of service provisioning for real-time services in wireless LANs

This paper addresses issues on how to support both real-time and non-real-time communication services in a wireless LAN. Unpredictable wireless channel errors may cause applications with real-time traffic to receive degraded quality of services due to packet losses. We propose scheduling algorithms that can take advantages of point coordination function (PCF) of a wireless LAN to support quality of service provisioning for real-time services. Specifically, we consider two types of service differentiation: (1) absolute delay differentiated services; and (2) proportional differentiated fair bandwidth services, for real time communication. At the same time, our proposed schemes also try to accommodate best-effort traffic to minimize the delay experienced by best traffic. One challenging issue involved is to consider the packet loss due to channel bit errors. We also establish conditions to admit a new real-time connection. Preliminary performance evaluation of the proposed schemes is conducted to demonstrate how one of proposed scheme works as well as to study its effectiveness.
Genetic control of cadmium tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.

Files from a transgenic line of Drosophila melanogaster with two copies of the metallothionein allele Mtn3 were more tolerant to cadmium than strains with only one copy of the gene. However, flies ...
Glia keep synapse distribution under wraps.

The wiring of the nervous system requires that axons navigate to the correct targets and maintain their correct positions during developmental growth. In this issue, Shao et al. (2013) now reveal a crucial new role for glia in preserving correct synaptic connectivity during developmental growth.
Use of single particle aerosol mass spectrometry for the automated nondestructive identification of drugs in multicomponent samples.

In this work, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used to identify the active drug ingredients in samples of multicomponent over-the-counter (OTC) drug tablets with minimal damage to the tablets. OTC drug tablets in various formulations were analyzed including single active ingredient tablets and multi-ingredient tablets. Using a sampling apparatus developed in-house, micrometer-sized particles were simultaneously dislodged from tablets and introduced to the SPAMS, where dual-polarity mass spectra were obtained from individual particles. Active ingredients were identified from the parent ions and fragment ions formed from each sample, and alarm files were developed for each active ingredient, allowing successful automated identification of each compound in a mixture. The alarm algorithm developed for SPAMS correctly identified all drug compounds in all single-ingredient and multi-ingredient tablets studied. A further study demonstrated the ability of this technique to identify the active...
Delirium superimposed on Charles Bonnet syndrome: A case study

Older adults with visual impairment may experience visual hallucinations in the setting of normal cognition and absence of psychiatric illness. This phenomenon is referred to as Charles Bonnet syndrome. Information concerning Charles Bonnet syndrome predominantly comes from case studies. Reassuring the person experiencing the hallucinations they are not suffering from psychosis constitutes the mainstay of treatment. What follows is the case of a vision impaired, older adult male with known Charles Bonnet syndrome, who, following emergency surgery and associated delirium while in the intensive care unit, experiences an aggressive change in hallucinations. Nurses need to understand the pathology and characteristics of Charles Bonnet syndrome in order to distinguish it from other pathologies underlying hallucinations. This knowledge is necessary to provide safe, patient-centered care for older adults.
22S Axonemal Dynein Is Preassembled and Functional Prior to Being Transported to and Attached on the Axonemes.

In an earlier study we reported the isolation of a cytoplasmic dynein from the cytosol of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. In this study we report the isolation and characterization of two cytosolic axonemal dyneins (22S and 12S) as well as a 19S cytoplasmic dynein from the cytosol of whole or deciliated cells using preformed bovine brain microtubules. These three dynein species were characterized according to mass, morphology, vanadate photocleavage patterns, CTPase/ATPase ratios, Km and Vmax values, temperature optima and reactivity with a mAb. For comparison, 22S and 12S axonemal dyneins (ADs) were also isolated and purified from the demembranated axonemes. The 22S and 12S soluble dyneins appear to be related to ciliary ADs in that the 22S soluble dynein is three-headed while the 12S is a one-headed dynein, as determined by negative staining. Ciliary ADs and their corresponding 22S and 12S soluble dyneins isolated from the cytosol also have similar Km and Vmax values as well as vanadate photocleavage patterns and temperature optima. A mAb raised against the soluble 22S dynein reacted with the 22S ciliary dyneins but not the 12S axonemal or the 19S cytoplasmic dynein. All isolated dyneins supported similar microtubule gliding rates but had different ionic requirements for the translocation buffer. These results suggest that: (i) the two soluble 22S and 12S dyneins are precursor molecules of the ciliary dyneins, (ii) the subunits of the outer arm dynein are already assembled in the cytosol as a three-headed bouquet, and (iii) the 22S and 12S soluble dyneins are functional prior to being transported and attached to the axonemes of the cilia. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.