cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced charge-carrier injection and collection via lamination of doped polymer layers p-doped with a solution-processible molybdenum complex

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is p-doped by the new soluble dopant molybdenum tris[1-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-ethane-1,2-dithiolene] and investigated via photoemission spectroscopy and transport measurements. Soft-contact transfer lamination of thin layers of the doped P3HT on undoped polymer layers is used to create spatially-confined doped regions, which serve as hole-injection contacts on P3HT diodes. This strategy is then used to create efficient hole-collecting contacts on solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells.
Isolation of a single polypeptide leucyl-tRNA synthetase from bakers' yeast1

Abstract A single polypeptide of leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) has been purified from budding bakers' yeast by a modification of the procedure published earlier. On denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis LRS was one band corresponding to molecular weight of 120,000 +/- 5,000 daltons. Variable amounts of LRS with a similar molecular weight but which dissociated into equal subunits of 58,000 were also isolated. The affinities (KM) for substrates for this form of the enzyme were similar to those previously reported for the dimeric form of the enzyme.
Feasibility of periodic surface models to develop gas diffusion layers: A gas permeability study

Abstract A geometric modeling scheme called periodic surface model (PS) is used to construct three dimensional (3D) models of a gas diffusion layer's (GDL) microstructure, which allows for rapid model construction and modification of representative volume elements (RVE) with embedded periodic boundary conditions. The reconstructed PS models are optimized with the help of the genetic algorithm embedded in MATLAB to generate models with refined mesh for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The GDL geometry is built in ANSYS/ICEM CFD, automatically, using a customized code that couples MATLAB and ICEM. To verify the validity of the suggested modeling approach the microstructures of the GDLs with different porosity and fiber orientation are generated and the in-plane and through-plane permeability and tortuosity are calculated using ANSYS/FLUENT software. The numerically predicted values of in-plane and through-plane permeability are compared to experimental measurements. Using the genetic algorithm significantly decreases the fibers intersection volume in the RVE, especially as porosity decreases. It has been found that the tortuosity of the GDL is a function of the spatial orientation of the fibers in the RVE, when the fibers are at a small angle, the in-plane tortuosity can be higher than the through-plane tortuosity.
Strain dependence of electronic bands of silicon

Abstract In this paper we present the results of calculations of the strain dependence of electronic energy levels in silicon. Our approach is based upon a model pseudopotential for the ion cores and a simple ansatz for the valence electron contribution to the total potential. The parameters in the potential are adjusted to fit the energy bands of the unstrained crystal. The present method then leads to predictions of the strain dependences with no additional parameters.
Bowel management for fecal incontinence in patients with anorectal malformations

Abstract Background/Purpose: Fecal incontinence is common in patients operated on for anorectal malformations. Treatment with enemas, laxatives, and medications are often given by clinicians in an indiscriminate manner and without a demonstrated benefit. A systematic diagnostic approach and bowel management program was developed for patients suffering from fecal incontinence, and a retrospective analysis of the results is presented. Methods: Three hundred forty-eight patients were seen in consultation for fecal incontinence after repair of imperforate anus at other institutions. Clinical and radiological evaluation helped determine different types of patients. Group I consisted of 147 patients who were considered candidates for reoperation and forms the basis of a future report. Group II included 172 patients who had no potential for bowel control and were therefore candidates for bowel management. These patients fell into two categories; group IIA included 44 patients with incontinence and constipation. The bowel management involved the use of daily large enemas only. Group IIB included 128 patients with incontinence and a tendency to diarrhea. Group III consisted of 29 patients who had pseudoincontinence. They had an original defect with good prognosis, good sphincters, good sacrum, and a well-located rectum. They suffered from severe constipation, megasigmoid, chronic fecal impaction, and overflow pseudoincontinence and were treated with laxatives or sigmoid resection. Results: Bowel management was successful in 93% of patients in the constipation group (IIA) and 88% in the diarrhea group (IIB). Ninety-seven percent of patients in group III became fecally continent. Conclusion: Bowel management consisting of enemas, laxatives, and medications is successful when administered in an organized manner. It is vital to determine the type of fecal incontinence from which the patients suffer and to target their treatment accordingly.
Effect of the Content of Ca on the Microstructure of Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium-calcium binary alloys were prepared with pure Mg and pure Ca to study the influence of Ca on the microstructure of Mg-Ca binary alloys. The results showed that with the increase of the content of Ca, there is a sharp decrease of the grain size of Mg alloy with Ca content in the range of 0 to 0.5%, then there is slight decrease of grain size with increasing the content of Ca from 0.5 to 2%; the grain size becomes increasing with further increasing the content of Ca.
The association of lifetime weight and weight control patterns with bone mineral density in an adult community

Summary We examined the association of lifetime weight and weight change to bone mineral density (BMD) at four skeletal sites, the radial shaft, the ultradistal wrist, the total hip and lumbar spine, in a community-based population of 1043 older white men and women. In those currently overweight (body mass indices (BMI) >26), the age-adjusted mean BMD at all sites was significantly higher than in those with BMI less than 26. Lifetime maximum BMI was also positively and significantly associated with a higher age-adjusted BMD at all sites except the ultradistal wrist in men. Weight gain or fluctuation of 10 Ibs or more between the ages of 40 and 60 was associated with significantly higher age-adjusted mean BMD at all sites compared to weight loss or no weight change in both men and women. Weight at age 18 was unassociated with BMD but weight gain after age 18 was associated with significantly higher age-adjusted mean BMD at all sites. Conversely, dieting, weight loss or a lifetime maximum BMI of less than 24 were all associated with markedly lower BMD at all sites in both sexes. Weight patterns were closely correlated with current BMI; most of these trends persisted but were no longer statistically significant after controlling for current weight.
Technological Advances, Transaction Costs, and Consumer Welfare

Consumers incur many transaction costs in purchasing and using most products. This paper examines the effects of a reduction in such consumer transaction costs caused by market-level technological advances. Using a model in which consumers are simultaneously heterogeneous in their transaction costs and in their marginal valuations of product quality, this paper highlights two mechanisms that can cause such reductions in consumer transaction costs to lower consumer surplus and reduce consumer share of the total social surplus. Specifically, market-level technological advances reduce different consumers' transaction costs by different amounts and increase their reservation prices by different amounts, which can lead to: (i) product design changes that many current consumers do not like and (ii) homogenization in consumer reservation prices that allows a seller to extract more surplus through its pricing policy. This paper also shows that consumers may be better off with seller-induced higher consumer transaction costs. Finally, the paper shows how, depending on the nature of the quality production process, such reductions in consumer transaction costs can either lower or raise product qualities and consumer prices.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE RED ALGA GRIFFITHSIA PAGIFIG AKYL. 1

The membrane potentials of the plasmalemma and tonoplast in Griffithsia pacifica Kyl were measured and shown to be significantly different. No consistent cell wall potential was discovered. Adjacent cells in the filament were demonstrated to be electrolonically coupled with a mean coupling coefficient of 0.13. Cobaltions did not move between cells. No dye coupling was seen using the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow CH. These observations provide new information on the electrophysiology of red algae and indicate that there is intercellular continuity between the cells of a filament of Griffithsia pacifica.
Automatic Data-Accumulation System for Wind Tunnels

A new high-speed data-accumulation system has been designed for a supersonic wind tunnel. The data are recorded on punched paper tape for direct input into an Electrodata digital computer. Extensive presentation of data is available to the wind-tunnel operators. All data are typed by an electric typewriter, and an automatic plotting machine plots several of the data words as functions of the independent-variable data word. Special codes to control the computer are automatically punched into the tape. The preliminary source of the data may be either manually operated keyboards or shaft-position digitizers. The new system increases the wind-tunnel pace, eliminates intermediate data handling before computation, and lowers the cost of data reduction.
Differences in dopamine clearance and diffusion in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens following systemic cocaine administration.

Acute cocaine administration preferentially increases extracellular dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens as compared with striatum. To investigate whether a differential effect of cocaine on dopamine uptake could explain this observation, we used in vivo electrochemical recordings in anesthetized rats in conjunction with a paradigm that measures dopamine clearance and diffusion without the confounding effects of release. When a finite amount of dopamine was pressure-ejected at 5-min intervals from a micropipette adjacent to the electrode, transient and reproducible increases in dopamine levels were detected. In response to 15 mg/kg of cocaine-HCl (i.p.), these signals increased in nucleus accumbens, indicating significant inhibition of the dopamine transporter. The time course of the dopamine signal increase paralleled that of behavioral changes in unanesthetized rats receiving the same dose of cocaine. In contrast, no change in the dopamine signal was detected in dorsal striatum; however, when the dose of cocaine was increased to 20 mg/kg, enhancement of the dopamine signal occurred in both brain areas. Quantitative auto-radiography with [3H]mazindol revealed that the affinity of the dopamine transporter for cocaine was similar in both brain areas but that the density of [3H]mazindol binding sites in nucleus accumbens was 60% lower than in dorsal striatum. Tissue dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens were 44% lower. Our results suggest that a difference in dopamine uptake may explain the greater sensitivity of nucleus accumbens to cocaine as compared with dorsal striatum. Furthermore, this difference may be due to fewer dopamine transporter molecules in nucleus accumbens for cocaine to inhibit, rather than to a higher affinity of the transporter for cocaine.
Learning basic navigation for personal satellite assistant using neuroevolution

The Personal Satellite Assistant (PSA) is a small robot proposed by NASA to assist astronauts who are living and working aboard the space shuttle or space station. To help the astronaut, it has to move around safely. Navigation is made difficult by the arrangement of thrusters. Only forward and leftward thrust is available and rotation will introduce translation. This paper shows how stable navigation can be achieved through neuroevolution in three basic navigation tasks: (1) Stopping autorotation, (2) Turning 90 degrees, and (3) Moving forward to a position. The results show that it is possible to learn to control the PSA stably and efficiently through neuroevolution.
Liquid Crystal Interfaces Programmed with Enzyme‐Responsive Polymers and Surfactants

Synthesis of biologically active peptide-polymer amphiphiles (PPAs), and characterization of assemblies formed by PPAs at the interfaces of liquid crystal (LC) microdroplets, is shown to permit the use of PPAs in strategies that can trigger ordering transitions in LC microdroplets in response to targeted biomolecular events.
ZO-1 alters the plasma membrane localization and function of Cx43 in osteoblastic cells.

ZO-1 is the major connexin-interacting protein in ROS 17/2.8 (ROS) osteoblastic cells. We examined the role of ZO-1 in Cx43-mediated gap junction formation and function in ROS cells that expressed the connexin-interacting fragment of ZO-1 (ROS/ZO-1dn) cells. Expression of this ZO-1 7-444 fusion protein in ROS cells disrupted the Cx43/ZO-1 interaction and decreased dye transfer by 85%, although Cx43 was retained on the plasma membrane as assessed by surface biotinylation. Fractionation of lysates derived from ROS/ZO-1dn cells on a 5-30% sucrose flotation gradient showed that 40% of the Cx43 floated into these sucrose gradients, whereas none of the Cx43 in ROS cell lysates entered the gradients, suggesting that more Cx43 is associated with lipid rafts in the transfected ROS cells than in lysates derived from untransfected ROS cells. In contrast to the ROS/ZO-1dn cells, ROS cells that over-expressed ZO-1 protein (ROS/ZO-1myc cells) exhibited increased gap junctional permeability and appositional membrane staining for Cx43. These data demonstrate that ZO-1 regulates Cx43-mediated gap junctional communication in osteoblastic cells and alters the membrane localization of Cx43. They suggest that ZO-1-mediated delivery of Cx43 from a lipid raft domain to gap junctional plaques may be an important regulatory step in gap junction formation.
Properties of Gate-Quality SiO2 Films Prepared by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition in an Ultrahigh Vacuum Processing System

We have prepared thin SiO2 layers on Si(100) wafers by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition (ECR-CVD) in a multi-chamber ultra-high vacuum (UHV) processing system. The oxides were characterized in-situ by single wavelength ellipsometry (SWE) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and capacitance-voltage (CV) electrical measurements. Films deposited at higher pressures, low powers and low silane flow rates had excellent physical and electrical properties. Films deposited at 400 °C had better physical properties than those of thermal oxides grown in dry oxygen at 700 °C. A 1 minute anneal at 950 °C reduced the fast interface state density from 1.2×1011 to 7×1010 eV−1cm−2
Thalidomide in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Optional Low-Dose Interferon-α2a upon Progression

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Paraboreochlus stahli sp. n., a new species of podonominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Nearctic

Paraboreochlus stahli sp. n. is described from collections in small streams of northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The larva (presumed), pupa, female (partial) and male are discussed and illustrated. P. stahli is only the second species known for the genus and is the first described species of Paraboreochlus from outside the Palaearctic. A differential diagnosis for P. stahli and P. minutissimus (Strobl) Edwards indicates distinct differences for the larva, pupa and male of these two species. The partial description of the female of P. stahli is the first for the genus. A comparison, based on a limited number of characters, of P. stahli and P. minutissimus with the Cretaceous chironomids Libanochlites neocomicus Brundin (female only) and the unnamed male of Schlee and Glockner (1978) suggests the following: 1) P. stahli and P. minutissimus are plesiomorphic to L. neocomicus, 2) P. stahli is plesiomorphic to P. minutissimus 3) P. stahli closely resembles (except for the hypopygium) the Cretaceous male of Sch...
Climate variability in central China over the last 1270 years revealed by high-resolution stalagmite records

Oxygen and carbon isotopic variations in the upper section of a stalagmite (SF-1) from Buddha Cave (33°40′N 109°05′E) dated by 230Th/234U 210Pb and lamination counting to a time resolution as fine as 1–3 years have recorded climate changes in central China for the last 1270 years. The changes include those corresponding to the Medieval Warm Period Little Ice Age and 20th-century warming lending support to the global extent of these events. The isotopic records also show cycles of 33, 22, 11, 9.6, and 7.2 years. The 33-year cycle could well represent the ∼35-year periodicity of climate fluctuations previously recognized in China and Europe. Cycles of 22, 11, and 9.6 years have often been associated with the Sunspot or lunar-orbit variations. The 7.2-year cycle was recently identified also in tree-ring records from an area close to Buddha Cave. These cycles suggest that external forcing (e.g. solar irradiance) may affect the summer monsoon over eastern China. The general consistency between the climate characteristics inferred from the stable isotope records of SF-1 and those from other proxy records underscores the value of stalagmites as recorders of paleoclimate.
Resonating Microelectromechanical Structures for Metrology

A method for determining geometric process errors in MEMS devices from the resonant fre- quencies of simple structures is presented. The ability to accurately determine the as-built ge- ometry of MEMS devices is important given the magnitude of the geometric uncertainty relative to the dimensions of these devices. As MEMS become smaller, the need for reliable metrology becomes even more important. The method presented here provides a way to determine the etch offset (the difference between the design width of a planar feature and the as-built width), the average angle of the side-walls and the compliance of the support of the structure. An important feature of the approach presented is that by using frequency ratios for various structural modes, neither the elastic modulus nor the mass density of the film need be known.
Developmentally appropriate New Media Literacies: Supporting cultural competencies and social skills in early childhood education

Young children explore their world through manipulatives, playing with ‘technology’ that may or may not be digital. To this end, I offer an exploration into how the existing framework of the New Media Literacies (NMLs) paradigm set forth by Henry Jenkins (2006) in Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century might be applicable to early childhood education. For the purposes of this paper, I focus on three of the twelve NML skills (play, distributed cognition and transmedia navigation) and how they might each be reflected in the interplay between digital and non-digital media within Reggio Emilia-inspired teaching and learning. Aligning the discussion of young children's media use with NMLs might allow for greater examination of the potential positive benefits of digital and non-digital media and technology.
Us Versus Them Social Identity Shapes Neural Responses to Intergroup Competition and Harm

Intergroup competition makes social identity salient, which in turn affects how people respond to competitors’ hardships. The failures of an in-group member are painful, whereas those of a rival out-group member may give pleasure—a feeling that may motivate harming rivals. The present study examined whether valuation-related neural responses to rival groups’ failures correlate with likelihood of harming individuals associated with those rivals. Avid fans of the Red Sox and Yankees teams viewed baseball plays while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjectively negative outcomes (failure of the favored team or success of the rival team) activated anterior cingulate cortex and insula, whereas positive outcomes (success of the favored team or failure of the rival team, even against a third team) activated ventral striatum. The ventral striatum effect, associated with subjective pleasure, also correlated with self-reported likelihood of aggressing against a fan of the rival team (controlling f...
The Mechanism of the Action of Caffeine on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Evidence is presented that caffeine does not act on the mitochondrial Ca uptake system and that its effect cannot be attributed to the accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-phosphate. Two distinct caffeine effects are described. At high ATP concentrations caffeine decreases the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and Ca inflow. It either inhibits inflow without any inhibition of the rate of ATP hydrolysis, or it stimulates the ATPase activity without stimulating Ca inflow. These high ATP concentrations (much higher than needed for the saturation of the transport ATPase) greatly reduce the control of the turnover rate of the transport system, by accumulated Ca. At low ATP concentrations when the transport system is under maximal control by accumulated Ca, caffeine inhibits the ATPase activity without affecting the rate of Ca inflow.
Octopodotus stupendus gen. & sp. nov. and Phyllachora paludicola sp. nov., two marine fungi from Spartina alterniflora

The coelomycete Octopodotus stupendus and the ascomycete Phyllachora paludicola are described as obligate marine fungi from the decomposing salt-marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora. Both species fruit only on the leaf blades, not on the leaf sheaths. Whereas O. stupendus is known so far only from North Carolina, P. paludicola has been collected from Florida to Delaware. The total number of marine fungi reported from Spartina spp. is 41.
INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS INTO THE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF SURVIVING RAT UTERI: EFFECTS OF STEROID HORMONES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

MARKED alterations in uterine growth and physiology occur under the stimulation of estrogenic and androgenic steroids. On the assumption that desoxypentose and pentose nucleic acids (DNA and PNA) play an important part in these responses, an investigation was made in this laboratory into the effect of such steroids on the purine-pyrimidine composition of DNA and PNA extracted from uterine tissue. We have reported that compositional variations were apparently associated with the response of human and animal preparations to these steroids (Gold and Sturgis, 1954). The purpose of our present study was to determine the ability of steroid hormones to alter the rate of synthesis of uterine nucleic acids in vitro. The incorporation of P32 has been employed as an index of this synthesis. Changes in rate of incorporation associated with exposure to steroids either in vivo or in vitro may suggest one of the mechanisms whereby these hormones may bring about their profound effects on uterine growth and differentiation.
The AMPA receptor GluR2 C terminus can mediate a reversible, ATP-dependent interaction with NSF and α- and β-SNAPs

In this study, we demonstrate specific interaction of the GluR2 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor subunit C-terminal peptide with an ATPase N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and α- and β-soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs), as well as dendritic colocalization of these proteins. The assembly of the GluR2–NSF–SNAP complex is ATP hydrolysis reversible and resembles the binding of NSF and SNAP with the SNAP receptor (SNARE) membrane fusion apparatus. We provide evidence that the molar ratio of NSF to SNAP in the GluR2–NSF–SNAP complex is similar to that of the t-SNARE syntaxin–NSF–SNAP complex. NSF is known to disassemble the SNARE protein complex in a chaperone-like interaction driven by ATP hydrolysis. We propose a model in which NSF functions as a chaperone in the molecular processing of the AMPA receptor.
Health Literacy Assessment of the STOFHLA Paper Versus Electronic Administration Continuation Study

Low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms and pathways of its effects. Computer-based assessment tools may improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness of health literacy research. The objective of this preliminary study was to assess if administration of the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA) through a computer-based medium was comparable to the paper-based test in terms of accuracy and time to completion. A randomized, crossover design was used to compare computer versus paper format of the STOFHLA at a Midwestern family medicine residency program. Eighty participants were initially randomized to either computer (n = 42) or paper (n = 38) format of the STOFHLA. After a 30-day washout period, participants returned to complete the other version of the STOFHLA. Data analysis revealed no significant difference between paper- and computer-based surveys (p = .9401; N = 57). The majority of participants showed "adequate" health literacy via paper- and computer-based surveys (100% and 97% of participants, respectively). Electronic administration of STOFHLA results were equivalent to the paper administration results for evaluation of adult health literacy. Future investigations should focus on expanded populations in multiple health care settings and validation of other health literacy screening tools in a clinical setting.
Interventions Associated With an Increased or Decreased Likelihood of Pain Reduction and Improved Function in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical therapy interventions predicted meaningful short-term improvement in 4 measures of physical health, pain, and function for patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. Participants. Data were examined from 2,370 patients (mean age55.3 years, SD12.4; 65% female, 35% male) classified into ICD-9 code 726.0 who had completed an episode of outpatient physical therapy. Methods. Principal components factor analysis was used to define intervention categories from specific treatments applied during the episode of care. A nested logistic regression model was used to identify intervention categories that predicted a 50% or greater change in Physical Component Summary-12 (PCS-12), physical function (PF), bodily pain (BP), and hybrid function (HF) scores. Results. None of the patients achieved a 50% or greater improvement in PCS-12 scores. Improvement in BP scores was more likely in patients who received joint mobility interventions (odds ratio1.35, 95% confidence interval1.10‐1.65). Improvement in HF scores was more likely in patients who received exercise interventions (odds ratio1.50, 95% confidence interval1.03‐2.17). Use of iontophoresis, phonophoresis, ultrasound, or massage reduced the likelihood of improvement in these 3 outcome measures by 19% to 32%. Limitations. The authors relied on clinician-identified ICD-9 coding for the diagnosis. Impairment measures were not available to support the diagnosis, and some interventions were excluded because of infrequent use by participating therapists. Discussion and Conclusions. These results are consistent with findings from randomized clinical trials that demonstrated the effectiveness of joint mobilization and exercise for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Ultrasound, massage, iontophoresis, and phonophoresis reduced the likelihood of a favorable outcome, which suggests that use of these modalities should be discouraged.
Improving the characterization of initial condition for ensemble streamflow prediction using data assimilation

Within the National Weather Service River Fore- cast System, water supply forecasting is performed through Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP). ESP relies both on the estimation of initial conditions and historically resam- pled forcing data to produce seasonal volumetric forecasts. In the western US, the accuracy of initial condition estima- tion is particularly important due to the large quantities of water stored in mountain snowpack. In order to improve the estimation of snow quantities, this study explores the use of ensemble data assimilation. Rather than relying entirely on the model to create single deterministic initial snow water storage, as currently implemented in operational forecasting, this study incorporates SNOTEL data along with model pre- dictions to create an ensemble based probabilistic estimation of snow water storage. This creates a framework to account for initial condition uncertainty in addition to forcing uncer- tainty. The results presented in this study suggest that data assimilation has the potential to improve ESP for probabilis- tic volumetric forecasts but is limited by the available obser- vations.
Prevalence and trends of isolated systolic hypertension among untreated adults in the United States

Abstract The prevalence and long–term trends of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) among untreated adults have not been reported. Data from 24,653 participants aged ≥18 years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of untreated ISH were estimated by conducting the independent survey t –test. The prevalence of untreated ISH was 9.4% and decreased from 10.3% in 1999–2004 to 8.5% in 2005–2010 ( P = .00248). Old persons, females, and non–Hispanic blacks had higher prevalence of untreated ISH. Compared with 1999–2004, the prevalence of untreated ISH in 2005–2010 decreased among older (33.6%; 95% CI, 30.9%–36.3% vs. 25.1%; 95% CI, 22.7%–27.5%) and female individuals (8.3%; 95% CI, 7.5–9.2% vs. 11.4%; 95% CI, 10.4–12.3%). The stratified prevalence of untreated ISH declined in 2005–2010 (vs. 1999–2004) for older non–Hispanic whites (24.6% vs. 32.8%; P P = .0013), non–Hispanic white females (7.5% vs. 10.8%; P P = .0024), and females with lower education (10.1% vs. 13.1%; P = .006). Untreated ISH is more prevalent in older adults and females. Significant decreases in untreated ISH prevalence over time among these groups suggest that public health measures and/or treatment patterns are trending in the right direction.
Outstanding Paper Award: Analysis of Global EDF for Parallel Tasks

As multicore processors become ever more prevalent, it is important for real-time programs to take advantage of intra-task parallelism in order to support computation-intensive applications with tight deadlines. We prove that a Global Earliest Deadline First (GEDF) scheduling policy provides a capacity augmentation bound of 4-2/m and a resource augmentation bound of 2-1/m for parallel tasks in the general directed a cyclic graph model. For the proposed capacity augmentation bound of 4-2/m for implicit deadline tasks under GEDF, we prove that if a task set has a total utilization of at most m/(4-2/m) and each task's critical path length is no more than 1/(4-2/m) of its deadline, it can be scheduled on a machine with m processors under GEDF. Our capacity augmentation bound therefore can be used as a straightforward schedulability test. For the standard resource augmentation bound of 2-1/m for arbitrary deadline tasks under GEDF, we prove that if an ideal optimal scheduler can schedule a task set on m unit-speed processors, then GEDF can schedule the same task set on m processors of speed 2-1/m. However, this bound does not lead to a schedulabilty test since the ideal optimal scheduler is only hypothetical and is not known. Simulations confirm that the GEDF is not only safe under the capacity augmentation bound for various randomly generated task sets, but also performs surprisingly well and usually outperforms an existing scheduling technique that involves task decomposition.
Standardized Software for Wind Load Forecast Error Analyses and Predictions Based on Wavelet-ARIMA Models -- Applications at Multiple Geographically Distributed Wind Farms

This study introduces a standardized forecast error analysis and prediction tool that can be implemented into a software package that predicts the uncertainty range for generation resources involved in the power grid balancing service. The tool is reusable and transferrable to power generation systems of different variability. Given the multi-scale variability and uncertainty of wind generation and forecast errors, a natural choice is to use time-frequency representation (TFR) as a view of the corresponding time series represented over both time and frequency. Here we use wavelet transform (WT) to expand the signal in terms of wavelet functions that are localized in both time and frequency. Each WT component is more stationary and has a consistent auto-correlation pattern. We combined wavelet analyses with time-series forecast approaches such as the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and tested the approach at five different wind farms with similar or different field and weather conditions. The prediction capability is satisfactory -- the day-ahead prediction of errors matches the original error values very well, including the patterns. The observations are well located within the predictive intervals. Integrating our wavelet-ARIMA ("stochastic") model with the weather forecast model ("deterministic") will improve our ability significantly to predict wind power generation and reduce predictive uncertainty.
The synthesis of complex categories from perceptual and equivalence classes: effects of training and testing parameters

Most real-world categories are complex since each contains some exemplars that resemble each other and others that are perceptually disparate. One example would be the many sounds of a persons’ voice when speaking and whispering, pictures of that person taken from different vantage points and in different degrees of focus, and the name of that person as written by different hands, and in different fonts. When all of these exemplars occasion the mutual selection of each other, and a function acquired by one class member generalizes to all other class members, all of the exemplars are acting as members of a complex category. A complex category can be formed by the merger of perceptual, fuzzy, and relational classes with equivalence classes. This presentation will consider how training and testing variables influence the likelihood of establishing a variety of complex categories such as linked perceptual classes, and fully elaborated generalized equivalence classes. These data provide a basis for understandi...
An unidentified reticuloendothelial cell in bone marrow and spleen; report of two cases with histochemical studies.

1. A cell is described in the bone marrow aspirates of two patients which has not previously been fully described. This is a large reticuloendothelial-like cell filled with blue-staining granules. This cell has been found in successive bone marrow films aspirated from sternum and iliac crest. 2. These cells were also found in a splenic aspiration from one of the patients and were compared to similar cells from a case summarized by Moschlin. 3. The case reports show striking clinical similarities in the two patients, i.e. hepatosplenomegaly in relatively symptom-free individuals. This suggests that a common syndrome is present. 4. Differential histochemical studies of the granular material in the cytoplasm are reported. 5. The significance and function of these unusual cells in the marrow is unknown.
Aluminum Fabricating Company

In September 1988, Jerry Anderson, assistant comptroller of AFC, was preparing a financial analysis of the six capital projects that were to be reviewed by the budget committee during the coming week. He had joined AFC the previous month after completing an MBA program at a small Midwestern university. This financial analysis was the first real assignment he had received from AFC's comptroller, David Stiles, and Anderson wanted to make a good impression. Excerpt UVA-F-0558 ALUMINUM FABRICATING COMPANY In September 1988, Jerry Anderson, assistant comptroller of the Aluminum Fabricating Company (AFC), was preparing a financial analysis of the six capital projects that were to be reviewed by the budget committee during the coming week. Anderson had joined AFC the previous month after completing an MBA program at a small Midwestern university. This financial analysis was the first real assignment he had received from AFC's comptroller, David Stiles, and Anderson wanted to make a good impression. Aluminum Fabricating Company AFC was founded in 1962 as a fabricator of specialized aluminum hardware and molding parts for the auto industry. In its factory in Flint, Michigan, AFC produced aluminum parts by both the stamping and extrusion processes. Once formed, the parts were usually polished and anodized before shipment to the customers. (Anodization is a process whereby aluminum parts are electrochemically treated to obtain a corrosion-resistant finish.) In the late 1970s, the company began to diversify in an attempt to become less dependent on the cyclical auto industry. By 1988, it was fabricating parts for aluminum windows, ladders, and industrial lighting fixtures, as well as parts for several consumer products. In all, the company produced more than 800 different parts, more than half of which were for nonautomotive customers. As part of the capital budgeting procedure, all departments at AFC were required to submit a capital expenditure proposal for projects costing over $ 20,000. These proposals included justification and description of the project, as well as details on the projected costs and revenues. The comptroller's office reviewed these proposals and prepared a financial analysis of each project. The budget committee (which consisted of AFC's president, treasurer, director of operations, and director of research and development) relied heavily on these financial analyses in making its capital expenditure decisions. . . .
Public Disclosures: Leverage Ratios

The public disclosure requirements include:- a summary comparison table that provides a comparison of banks’ total accounting assets amounts and leverage ratio exposures;- a common disclosure template, which as previously discussed, provides abreakdown of the main leverage ratio regulatory elements;- a reconciliation requirement that details the source(s) of material differences between banks’ total balance sheet assets in their financial statements and on balance sheet exposures in the common disclosure template; and other disclosures.As well as highlighting the Basel Committee's rationales for public disclosures (particularly from the perspective of the Basel leverage framework), and concerns relating to these disclosures requirements, this presentation is aimed at illustrating how a reconciliation is to be achieved between the summary comparison table and the common disclosure template.
Why Me? The Role of Private Individuals in Complex Claims Resolution

Administrative trusts run by private persons are an important part of the litigation landscape. This article explores whether private persons, as opposed to a judge or, perhaps, another governmental official, should have the authority to exercise a high degree of discretion in developing standards for compensation and determining compensation awards for claimants. The role of private persons in the adjudication process has been the subject of some critical academic commentary. However, it may be impracticable to expect judges to resolve the claim of each plaintiff in complex cases, particularly mass tort cases. Thus, the article first provides a brief history of the hybridization of complex claims resolution, and shows that the use of private persons to control the process of determining compensation levels is a natural outgrowth of the development of the public law model of litigation and its privatization. The article further raises the possibility that the increasing politicization of state and federal judiciaries creates a climate that suggests that private decision makers are perhaps in no worse a position than judges to provide impartial, disinterested justice. Additionally, the article rejects the argument that judicial adjudication is necessarily superior. Rather, it suggests that administrative trusts run by private persons can provide a laboratory for the evolution of the law. The next part of the article deals briefly with questions such as appointment criteria, the scope of powers of and degree of discretion that the trust administrators ought to enjoy, and the degree of judicial supervision that ought to be required. After making a case for the appointment of independent trustees, the article raises the repeat player problem. The article concludes by suggesting that the arguments for using private persons as the proxy for the judicial system begin to lose force when the same private individuals are chosen, by the same repeat players - judges and lawyers - that appear so regularly in complex litigation. If the problems raised by the repeat player problem can be solved, by more appropriate selection processes, for example, administrative claims resolution facilities can be adequate substitutes for litigation.
Modification of the Adaptive Values of Chromosomal Types in Drosophila pseudoobscura by Nutritional Variables

Most natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura are polymorphic with respect to the gene arrangement in some of the chromosomes, especially the third chromosomes. Some of the wild flies are inversion heterozygotes and others are homozygotes. It has been shown both through observations on natural populations, and through experiments on artificial ones that the chromosomal polymorphism is adaptive and balanced (Wright and Dobzhansky, 1946; Dobzhansky and Levene, 1948). In at least some environments the adaptive values of inversion heterozygotes are higher than those of the homozygotes. However, the adaptive values of chromosomal types can easily be modified by environmental factors. In experiments conducted at 250 C., the adaptive value of heterozygotes for Standard and Chiricahua third chromosomes for certain California populations is about twice as high as that of the Chiricahua homozygotes; at 150 C. these chromosomal types are similar in adaptive value. Heuts (1947, 1948) found that the relative humidity may also modify the adaptive values. Heuts (l.c.) and Wallace -(1,948) showed that the adaptive value of a chromosomal type is a resultant of interaction of many physiological variables: The ability of larvae to survive under competition for a limited amount of food, fecundity, longevity, sexual activity, etc. Furthermore, a chromosomal type may be superior to another type in some of these properties, equal in others, and inferior in still others. The chromosomal types possess different ecological optima. Perhaps the least well known, and -yet doubtless very important, variables of Drosophila ecology are those concerned with the nutrition of the flies. Dobzhansky and Epling (1944) and Shihata (unpublished) found that adult D. pseudoobscura caught in their natural habitats contain yeasts and bacteria in their digestive organs. Shihata has isolated 32 species of yeasts from 92 flies collected in 5 localities in California. Carson (1951) found both adults and larvae feeding in slime fluxes on diseased oaks and other trees. Considerable differences in the nutritional values of different yeasts have been found by Burkholder (1943a and b), Christophersen and Holzweissig (1950), Hedrick and Burke (1950), and others. Wagner (1944, 1949) found that certain species of yeasts permit normal development 'of some but not of other species of Drosophila related to D. mulleri. Experiments on the influence of different species of yeasts and bacteria in the food on the adaptive value of the chromosomal types of D. pseudoobscura are reported in the present article.
«Loa de la comedia de Montjuïc»: un diàleg bèl·lic entre Catalunya i Castella

Resum : En aquest article analitzo la lloa ubicada despres de La comedia del marques de los Velez (1641) al fons del Museu d’Historia de Barcelona i que suposo, per la ubicacio i per l’estil, que el mateix autor les va escriure totes dues amb la intencio que primerament fos representada o be llegida la lloa i a continuacio la comedia. Pel que fa a la lloa, em dedicare a l’autor anonim catala, i concretament barceloni, que vindicara la presa d’armes dels catalans, si be ho fara en llengua castellana. A mes, l’autor anonim escollira el teatre —i no el pamflet propagandistic— per difondre la seva ideologia politica. D’aquesta manera, la Loa de la comedia de Montjuic es converteix en l’unica obra dramatica breu catalana de caracter propagandistic escrita en castella sobre la Guerra dels Segadors. Paraules clau : barroc, teatre, pamflets, propaganda, Guerra dels Segadors.
Identification of TACC3(Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil 3) as a novel target of paclitaxel-mediated tumor therapy in cervical cancer cells

Objective : Paclitaxel is currently used in the treatment of ovarian, breast, gastric, colorectal, lung and recurrent cervical cancer. Initial studies on the mechanism of action of paclitaxel have demonstrated that this drug alters microtubule assembly, by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization and changing microtubule dynamics. Although treatment of various tumor cells with paclitaxel induces apoptosis, but early paclitaxel-targeted proteins is not yet known. We tried to search paclitaxel-targeted proteins and to investigate its functions. Methods : The effects of paclitaxel on HeLa cervical cancer cell growth were evaluated by cell proliferation assay, DAPI stain, and FACS analysis. We performed proteome analysis including 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS in nontreated- and paclitaxel-treated HeLa cells, as a result, we identified TACC3 protein that is down-regulated with paclitaxel treatment. We tried to characterize TACC3 functions through in vitro treatment of paclitaxel or RNAi technique. Results : Paclitaxel- and TACC3 siRNA-treated cells are unable to proceed normally through the cell cycle and are arrested in G2/M phase and reveal apoptotic morphology. TACC3 levels after paclitaxel treatment decreased as a time- and dosedependent manner both mRNA and protein levels. We confirmed that the role of TACC3 down-regulation for microtubule stabilization was similar to that of paclitaxel. Also, TACC3 is expressed at high levels in various cancer cells and tumor tissues. Conclusion : This study is proposed that the TACC3 protein may be participated in microtubule formation as an oncoprotein during mitosis and be regulated by paclitaxel as a novel target.
Gangliosides as modulators of cell function

Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of all vertebrate tissues and species. This report presents a brief introduction to the gangliosides and reviews thechemistry and topography of their biosynthesis. It also presents an overview of the present evidence supporting a physiological significance for the gangliosides in a variety of experimental systems. This includes consideration of their potential roles in development and cell adhesion. In addition, experimental examples in which gangliosides appear to influence signal transduction processes through their interactions with plasma membrane proteins are discussed.