cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GenIE: an intelligent system for writing genetic counseling patient letters.

We are developing GenIE, a prototype intelligent system intended to assist genetic counselors by creating editable first drafts of genetic counseling patient letters. In the USA, genetic counselors meet with clients to explain genetic testing, inheritance of genetic disorders, and risks of multifactorial diseases such as cancer. In current practice, the information and clinical services provided to the client are summarized in the patient letter [1]. GenIE’s interface should enable a writer to quickly enter information on the patient’s pedigree, symptoms, test results, and diagnosis. GenIE will create a first draft of the patient letter, using artificial intelligence and natural language generation techniques [2, 3], from a non-linguistically represented knowledge base on clinical genetics. A letter will be synthesized following guidelines on standard organization strategies and writing styles for this genre. A document editor will present the synthesized first draft for review and editing by the human writer. One motivation for developing GenIE is to save the genetic counselor time by partially automating the letter writing process. In current practice, genetic counselors have limited time available for letter writing, and thus may use “cut-and-paste” methods to reuse pieces of previously written letters. Time constraints on members of this profession are not likely to lessen, given the increasing role of genetics in health care. (Note, however, GenIE’s role is not to provide decision-support functions, but to generate tailored documents for a lay audience explaining the clinical genetics experts’ beliefs and reasoning.) Another motivation is to support delivery of patient information in electronic media, opening the door to tailored multimedia presentations in the future. For example, we are investigating use of interactive animations to help explain inheritance risks. As part of the knowledge acquisition phase of the project we have encoded an anonymized corpus of twenty-one patient letters written by genetic counselors. The corpus was encoded using a coding scheme we developed for representing the biomedical content of genetics counseling patient letters from a lay-oriented perspective [4]. The coding scheme is used as an analytical tool for studying how causal, probabilistic concepts in clinical genetics are communicated to a lay audience in current practice [5]. In addition, we are using it as the basis for designing the system’s knowledge base. The status of the project is as follows. A formal evaluation of the intercoder reliability of the coding scheme is reported in [4]. An initial implementation of the user interface is undergoing formative evaluation and revision. We have begun implementation and evaluation of the knowledge base and natural language generation techniques.
Analyzing Reliability Data and Designing Acceptance Tests

Persons designing testing programs to specify reliability functions and failure rates need theoretical means of assigning confidence intervals to the quantities obtained. Also, persons designing acceptance tests for items with unknown reliability functions need simple, general methods of test design which do not rely on the myriad specialized tables for specific mathematical models available in the literature. The two problems are really opposite ways of looking at the same theoretical structure. The theoretical structure is examined here and solutions to the problems are posed.
The Relationship Between Argumentativeness, Verbal Aggressiveness, and Communication Satisfaction in Incarcerated Male Youth:

This study examined trait argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, and communication satisfaction among incarcerated male youth (n = 136). In addition, they responded to hypothetical anger-inducing conflict scenes. A moderate and positive relationship was found between argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness, whereas a moderate but negative relationship between verbal aggressiveness and satisfaction with communication was found. Analysis of the behavioral intention data indicated that incarcerated youth responded to hypothetical scenes with avoidance, assertiveness, verbal aggression, or physical aggression. The physical aggression category represented the greatest intended behavior across the scenes, followed by verbal aggression. Also, youth who would engage in physical aggression were also higher in verbal aggression. Implications of these findings suggest enhancing the communicative skills of incarcerated male youth to reduce these tendencies.
Reflections by inner-city drug users on a Buddhist-based spirituality-focused therapy: a qualitative study.

A manual-guided, spirituality-focused intervention—spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy—for the treatment of addiction and HIV-risk behavior was developed as part of a Stage I behavioral therapies development project. It is theoretically grounded in cognitive and Buddhist psychologies and may be suitable for individuals of diverse faiths. The therapy development process began with focus groups to assess addicted clients' perceived need for a spirituality-focused intervention. The therapy was then codified in manual format, and a controlled clinical trial was conducted. Here the authors report on inner-city, methadone-maintained clients' personal experiences that were recorded in semistructured interviews following completion of the therapy. Findings from this qualitative study support the value of integrating spirituality-focused interventions into addiction treatment for the purpose of increasing motivation for drug abstinence and HIV prevention.
A 12b 11MS/s successive approximation ADC with two comparators in 0.13μm CMOS

A two-comparator architecture, incorporating deliberate comparator offset and pre-amplifier power management, reduces comparator meta-stability and comparator power consumption in a 12b 11MS/s SAR ADC. A prototype, fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS achieves an FOM, SNDR, SFDR and error rate of 311fJ/conversion step, 62.4dB and 72.8dB and ≪1.9×10−12, respectively, at 11MS/s.
Protestant work ethic's relation to intergroup and policy attitudes: A meta-analytic review

The Protestant work ethic (PWE), the belief that hard work leads to success, is prevalent in many cultures and has been related to negative attitudes toward disadvantaged groups (prejudice) and social policies targeting them. Given recent theorizing and findings suggesting that PWE is not necessarily associated with prejudice among all people or in all contexts, this meta‐analysis examined the direction and strength of PWE’s relation to prejudice (37 eligible studies) and policy attitudes (16 studies) among published and unpublished studies across 38years. Results revealed not only significant positive relationships between PWE and both types of intergroup attitudes but also significant moderators of these relationships. There were significantly larger effect sizes for PWE’s relationship with both prejudice and policy attitudes among samples in Western countries (Canada, England, New Zealand, USA), and marginally significantly larger effect sizes for PWE’s relationship with both types of attitudes the older the mean age of the sample (within Western countries). PWE’s relationship with intergroup attitudes also varied by the target group of the attitudes. Findings support a more nuanced view of PWE’s relationship with intergroup attitudes, suggesting that PWE does not always promote greater prejudice; rather its consequences are culture and context bound. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mach-Zehnder modulator arm length mismatch measurement and analysis

We describe an accurate technique to measure the arm length mismatch of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), based on their broadband filter characteristics. We experimentally determine the mismatch of rib waveguide and poling-induced waveguide polymer MZMs
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in North American Commercial Drivers

The most common medical cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Specifically, among an estimated 14 million US commercial drivers, 17-28% or 2.4 to 3.9 million are expected to have OSA. Based on existing epidemiologic evidence, most of these drivers are undiagnosed and not adequately treated. Untreated OSA increases the risk of vehicular crashes as documented in multiple independent studies and by meta-analysis. Therefore, identifying commercial drivers with OSA and having them effectively treated should decrease crash-related fa- talities and injuries. Several strategies are available for screening and identifying drivers with OSA. The simplest and most effective objective strategies use body mass index (BMI) cutoffs for obesity. Functional screens are promising adjuncts to other objective tests. The most effective approach will likely be a combination of a good questionnaire; BMI measures; and a careful physician-obtained history complemented by a functional screen.
An improved wide-band model of CRF Filters using two different approaches

In this paper, we present an acoustic band pass filter “CRF” (Coupled Resonator Filter); a combination of three BAW resonators for WCDMA applications. These filters are used in mobile telephony and provide high quality factors and miniaturization. We first, introduce the structure of CRF and its functioning, and then we describe their electro-acoustical model in wide-band. Filter characterizations show coupling effects in the filter out band response, thus to explain this behavior two different hypotheses are made. The first one discusses the transverse effect in the top piezoelectric layer of the CRF and the second one considers the RF pads effect. Simulations are done with ADS (Advanced Design System) from Agilent. Finally, simulations are compared to measurements for both propositions to find the principal cause of the coupling effect.
Epithelial eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 expression: relation to asthma severity, luminal eosinophilia and age at onset

Background Eosinophilic inflammation is implicated in asthma. Eotaxin 1–3 regulate eosinophil trafficking into the airways along with other chemotactic factors. However, the epithelial and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell expression of these chemokines in relation to asthma severity and eosinophilic phenotypes has not been addressed. Objective To measure the expression of the three eotaxin isoforms in bronchoscopically obtained samples and compare them with clinically relevant parameters between normal subjects and patients with asthma. Methods Normal subjects and patients with asthma of varying severity recruited through the Severe Asthma Research Program underwent clinical assessment and bronchoscopy with airway brushing and BAL. Eotaxin 1–3 mRNA/protein were measured in epithelial and BAL cells and compared with asthma severity, control and eosinophilic inflammation. Results Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 mRNA and eotaxin-2 protein were increased in airway epithelial brushings from patients with asthma and were highest in cases of severe asthma (p values 0.0155, 0.0033 and 0.0006, respectively), with eotaxin-2 protein increased with age at onset. BAL cells normally expressed high levels of eotaxin-2 mRNA/protein but BAL fluid levels of eotaxin-2 were lowest in severe asthma. Epithelial eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 mRNA/protein was associated with sputum eosinophilia, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and more asthma exacerbations. Airway epithelial cell eotaxin-2 protein differed by asthma severity only in those with late onset disease, and tended to be highest in those with late onset eosinophilic asthma. Conclusions Epithelial eotaxin-2 and 3 are increased in asthma and severe asthma. Their expression may contribute to luminal migration of eosinophils, especially in later onset disease, asthma control and severity.
Photoluminescence from Single Porous Silicon Chromophores

We spatially isolate and detect the luminescence from individual porous Si nanoparticles at room temperature. Our experiments show a variety of phenomena not previously observed in the emission from porous Si including a distribution of emission wavelengths, resolved vibronic structure, random spectral wandering, luminescence intermittency and irreversible photobleaching. Our results indicate that the emission from porous Si nanoparticles originates from excitons in quantum confined Si, strongly influenced by the surface passivating layer of the Si nanocrystal.
The Significance of Complement in Immunohematology

In vitro detection of red cell-bound complement can be important in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemias; it can also be a sensitive test for the detection of complement-binding alloantibodies, e.g., in compatibility testing. Red cell-bound complement can be detected by the antiglobulin test if suitable antiglobulin sera (AGS) are utilized. In 1971, the Federal Standards for AGS were criticized because so-called broad spectrum AGS used routinely in blood banks were shown to often be deficient in anticomplement reactivity. In the new few years commercial regents changed with regard to the quantity and specificity of their anticomplement components. A great deal of controversy developed as to the true importance of detecting red cell-bound complement, the particular fragments of complement that should be detected, and the causes of nonspecific reactions that seemed to be occurring, especially with the increasing usage of new techniques utilizing low ionic strength media. When monospecific anti-IgG and anti-C3 became available commercially, the controversy regarding diagnostic testing was resolved as direct antiglobulin testing could be performed with these reagents rather than the broad spectrum reagents. Two main questions remained: how rare are alloantibodies that are only detectable by the anticomplement component of AGS? How clinically significant are such antibodies? The results of our 3-year study indicated that such antibodies (usually anti-Kidd) occurred with a incidence of 1/8000 sera tested. Some of these antibodies seemed capable of shortening the life span of transfused red cells, as determined by 51Cr survival studies; some showed negligible cell destruction. Severe transfusion reactions due to such antibodies would seem unlikely. Individual laboratories will have to balance the risk of missing some complement-dependent antibodies of possible clinical significance with the increased nonspecificity encountered in their own laboratory with AGS containing anticomplement.
Promotional Elasticities and Category Characteristics

The authors study the relationships between product category characteristics and average brand promotional elasticity within the category. They present a framework for understanding these relations...
Pirimiphos-Methyl Degradation and Insect Population Growth in Aerated and Unaerated Com Stored in Southeast Georgia: Small Bin Tests

Lots of 229 kg untreated seed corn and corn treated with 8 ppm pirimiphos-methyl were stored in unaerated bins and bins modified with a fan blower to provide aeration. The corn was infested artificially with adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; and eggs of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), to determine the effects of aeration on insect control in southeastern Georgia. Total temperature units in unaerated and aerated treated corn during the storage period of 15 October through 4 August were 5,729 and 5,196 degree-days, and moisture content was significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated bins. Pirimiphos-methyl degraded more quickly in unaerated than in aerated bins. No live insects were recovered from either unaerated or aerated treated bins. Total temperature units in untreated unaerated and untreated aerated corn were 5,745 and 5,391 degree-days. Percentage moisture content, percentage insect-damaged kernels, and number of beetles were greater in unaerated untreated than in aerated untreated bins. Indianmeal moth populations did not increase with time in untreated unaerated or untreated aerated bins. Aeration potentially can reduce insect pest population levels and subsequent damage in corn stored in southeastern Georgia.
Nonrecovered compliance from dynamic oscillatory test vis-à-vis nonrecovered compliance from multiple stress creep recovery test in the dynamic shear rheometer †The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the author and not necessarily of the Federal Highway Administration or other researchers at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center.

Nonrecovered compliance is presently being viewed as the most appropriate rheological parameter for evaluating the propensity of an asphalt binder to resist permanent deformation or rutting in the pavement wheel paths. The nonrecovered compliance can be obtained in two ways using two different types of tests in the dynamic shear rheometer. One is through the dynamic oscillatory test using a frequency, time, strain or stress sweep, wherein the data generated is in terms of the complex modulus and phase angle that can be used in a proper mathematical form to obtain the nonrecovered compliance. The other is through the multiple stress creep and recovery test wherein the nonrecovered strain at each stress level after 10 cycles of creep and recovery is divided by the stress value to obtain the nonrecovered compliance. The two methods are very different in the way data gets generated and handled and, also, in the level of ease or difficulty in data generation. With two methods competing to come up with the same...
Response of preputial and adrenal glands of the rat to sex hormones.

Summary and ConclusionsThe administration of estrogen to intact male rats for 40 days induces hypertrophy of their adrenal glands but has the reverse effect on their preputial glands. The latter ef...
EVALUATION OF SELECTED SEED TREATMENTS AND IN-FURROW INSECTICIDES, WITH AND WITHOUT AN ADDITIONAL FOLIAR BROADCAST APPLICATION AT FIRST TRUE LEAF STAGE, FOR CONTROL OF THRIPS IN VIRGINIA COTTON, 2005

Selected insecticides applied onto seed or into the seed furrow at planting were evaluated for control of thrips in Virginia cotton. 'Delta Pine 444 BG/RR' cotton was planted 3 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using 36-inch row spacing. Avicta 500FS, Cruiser 5FS, and Gaucho Grande seed treatments were applied commercially. In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied into the seed furrow at the time of planting using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity. The foliar treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer as a broadcast at 14.3 gpa and 18 psi through 8002VS nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. Foliar applications were broadcast on 23 May at the first sign of true leaf emergence after the cotyledon stage (BC at first true leaf). A RCB experimental design was used with four replicates; plots were four rows by 40 ft. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0=no thrips induced plant injury, 1=10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2=25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3=75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4=90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5=dead plants. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft) using a commercial 2-row cotton picker. Sub-samples were ginned to determine lint versus seed and trash weight (43% lint, 57% seed and trash). Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated using LSD (P = 0.01).
Statistical Comparison of the Automated Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and the Clotting Time in the Regulation of Heparin Therapy

A modified method for determining the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) using vacuum tubes and a mechanical clot timer is described. Results for 70 normal subjects showed a coefficient of variation of 12%, compared with 30% for clotting times (CT). A linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.62 ( p < 0.001) was found between PTT and CT values in patients on heparin therapy. Therefore, the PTT appears both practical and preferable to the CT in regulating heparin therapy.
The Relationship of the Intellectual Capital and Technology Innovation——Taking Absorptive Capacity as Moderator

In this paper,research findings on intellectual capital,absorptive capacity and technology innovation are reviewed.And then the conceptual model for assessing the correlation between intellectual capital and absorptive capacity on technology innovation performance is developed on the basis pf various hypothesis.The results shows that various components of intellectual capital are interactive;intellectual capital and absorptive capacity have significant effect on technology innovation performance;absorptive capacity enhance the positive effect of human capital and social capital on technology innovation performance.
The Interactive Effects of National Origin and Immigration Status on Latino Drug Traffickers in U.S. Federal Courts

The present study was an intragroup examination of noncitizen Latino drug traffickers convicted in the federal courts from 2006 to 2014. Drawing upon focal concerns theory and Sayad’s state-centere...
Improvement & Development of Flexible Body Production Line——Technical Improvement for Flexible Common Production Line of Mini Cars N107&N108

This thesis introduces the process of develop common production line for N107N108 which have significant difference in parts,and explained the technical difficulties in developing process and the tackling ways.The previous line was only capable for producing one type while it is flexible for both N107 and N108 after improvement.
Clinical Observation on Treating 33 Cases of FD From the Liver

[Objective]To integrative the clinical observation on treating FD from the liver.[Method]65 patients were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group 33 cases with Jiawei Sini San Jiajian;control group 32 cases with oral domperidone.After a coures of treatment(4w) to determine the efficacy.[Results]The treatment group were cure 12 cases,markedly 15 cases,effective 4 cases,invalid 2 cases,the total efficiency rate for 93.90%.The control group were cure 10 cases,markedly 16 cases,effective 3 cases,invalid 3 cases,the total efficiency rate for 90.60%.Clinical efficacy of the treatment group than the control group(P0.05).[Conclusion]Treating FD with Sini San Jiajian has a good effect.
Nursing of dilated cardiomypathy in 9 children cases

Summarized nursing experiences of 9 children patients with dilated cardiomypathy,we believe that key points of nursing include the following: observation on child patients' illness,medicine nursing,prevention of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia,psychological nursing,guidance on diet and active,disinfection and isolation administration,prevention infection.
Decision of Optimal Initial Pressure on Steam Turbine Units Sliding Pressure Operation during Capital Construction

In order to improve the heat economic performance of steam turbine during capital construction,based on operating characteristic in this time,a comprehensive analysis has been conducted to investigate the influence of main steam pressure on the steam turbine power output,and mathematical model of optimal main steam pressure has been built.Through the calculation for the home-made 300MW units,it is demonstrated that the model with applicability satisfy the actual requirement of project.
The Concept of Supreme Perfection: Some Arguments for God’s Existence

The following is a version of what, since Kant, has been called ‘the ontological argument,’ that is, an argument from the concept of a supremely perfect being to the existence of such a being: (1) The concept of a supremely perfect being is, in part, the concept of a person who has all those properties which are such that it is better than not that a person jointly possesses them. Wisdom and power are examples. (I say ‘jointly’ because, for example, power without wisdom is not a perfection.) (2) The concept of existence is the concept of such a property. (3) So, it is a conceptual truth that a supremely perfect being possesses the property of existence. (4) Hence, a supremely perfect being exists.
A Functionalist Perspective to the Development of Emotions

In this chapter, I address the three questions to which the editors have asked me to respond: (1) What is an emotion? (2) What about emotions undergoes developmental change, and, more specifically, what developmental changes occur in one or two specific emotion families? (I will examine shame and pride). (3) What are the functions of these emotions for the child? I address questions 1 and 2 in turn, and, in doing so, I will address question 3.
Using Narratives to Enhance Nursing Practice and Leadership: What Makes a Good Nurse?

Abstract Storytelling is an ancient practice that has functioned to maintain history, deepen empathy and understanding, and empower groups and individuals. Unfortunately, nurses are not encouraged to share their stories of contributions to patient care. In this article, 3 nurses share stories about learning to be good nurses, even while going against long-held nursing ideals. The authors argue that narratives can lead to a deeper understanding of nursing as a practice and discipline. The authors also contend that narratives facilitate the empowerment in nurses and patients using narratives; nurses recognize their power and facilitate their patients' recognition of power.
Plasmon enhanced upconversion for applications in solar energy harvesting (Conference Presentation)

Rare-earth activated upconversion material is receiving renewed attention for their potential applications in bioimaging and solar energy conversion. Plasmon resonance can enhance the upconversion efficiency but the enhancement mechanism remained unclear due to the inherent complexity of upconversion process. In this study, we synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and modified the surface with an amphiphilic polymer, (poly(maleic anhydride-alt-octadecene) (PMAO), which makes UCNPs water-soluble and negatively charged. This in turn enables electrostatic self-assembly of UCNPs. We fabricated silver nanograting using laser-interference lithography and deposited 3 monolayers of UNCPs by polyelectrolyte-mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly process. It is noted that all the fabrication processes are scalable. We then conducted a comprehensive photoluminescence (PL) and transient PL spectroscopy. We observed up to 39x enhancement in PL intensity. A combination of numerical simulations, rate equation analysis and transient PL spectroscopy revealed that the total enhancement is made of 3.1x absorption enhancement and 2.7x energy transfer rate enhancement. The absorption enhancement makes the most contribution because the upconverted PL intensity varies quadratically with the absorption. This study represents the first experimental observation of plasmon enhanced energy transfer rate in UCNPs. It contributes to the long debate on the plasmon enhancement of Forster energy transfer process. Finally, we developed a new numerical modeling tool that can faithfully simulate the highly non-uniform light absorption and carrier generation in the plasmon enhanced photovoltaic devices. We used the tool to precisely predict the performance of photovoltaic devices incorporating plasmon enhanced upconversion and offer guidelines for upconversion photovoltaic devices.
Derivation of Lymphoid Lineage Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Co-Culture in OP9 and OP9DL1 Stromal Cells.

We have been able to direct the differentiation of CD34pos cells derived from H9 and H7 hESCs toward lymphoid lineages using OP9 or OP9DL1 feeder layers. OP9 and OP9DL1 stromal cell lines are consistently better than S17 or OP9-jagged in inducing hESC-derived CD34pos cells at different time points in culture. By day 14 in culture, about 8.7% and 7.9% of differentiated H9 hES cells harvested from co-cultures in OP9 or OP9DL1 respectively were CD34pos. The CD34pos cells in these cultures were enriched for by magnetic sorting. The clonogenic potential of differentiated hES cell suspensions and of sorted CD34pos cells were determined using methylcellulose colony assays. The highest clonogenic potential was noted after 18 days in co-culture when we obtained 142 +/− 31 and 218 +/− 38 colonies per million cells plated from OP9 and OP9DL1. Selection for CD34pos cells enriched the clonogenic activity 27-fold. Morphologic analyses of representative colonies from the methylcellulose cultures showed cells of the erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid and megakaryocytic lineages were generated. Directed differentiation of CD34pos cells towards lymphoid lineages was initiated by replating the sorted CD34pos cells onto irradiated OP9 or OP9DL1 stromal cells supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF), IL3, IL7 and Flt3L. Under these conditions, B lineage (CD19pos) and myeloid lineage (CD14pos or CD15pos) cells were observed when CD34pos cells were grown in OP9, and T lineage cells were observed when CD34pos cells were grown in OP9DL1. CD4posCD8pos cells were evident after 12 days of secondary culture in OP9DL1 and were prominent by day 20. Only a few of the CD4pos, CD8pos and CD4posCD8pos cells, however, were noted to be CD3pos. Addition of SCF + IL3, SCF + Flt3L, or SCF + Flt3L + IL7 at initiation of hESC differentiation increased the percentage of CD34pos cells and/ or increased the hematopoietic (clonogenic) potential of sorted CD34pos cells. CD34pos cells derived from hESCs grown in OP9DL1 for 14 days and replated in OP9DL1 supplemented with Flt3L + IL7 +/− SCF generated the highest percentages of CD4posCD8pos cells. Additional phenotypic analyses and functional studies of sorted CD4pos, CD8pos and CD4posCD8pos cells generated from these cultures are needed to further characterize their lymphoid properties.
Combining Deep Learning Networks with Permutation Tests to Predict Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome

Reliable prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome using neuroimaging is clinically important, yet, computationally challenging. To tackle this problem, we developed an injury prediction or classification pipeline based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) by combining a novel deep learning approach with statistical permutation tests. We first applied a multi-modal deep learning network to individually train a classification model for each DTI measure. Individual results were then combined to allow iterative refinement of the classification via Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) permutation tests, where voxel sum of skeletonized significance values served as a classification performance feedback. Our technique combined a high-performance machine learning algorithm with a conventional statistical tool, which provided a flexible and intuitive approach to predict TBI outcome.
Qualitative Analysis of Dairy and Powder Milk Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to compare various types of commercial milk products. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra were investigated for the determination of the elemental composition of soy and rice milk powder, dairy milk, and lactose-free dairy milk. The analysis was performed using radiative transitions. Atomic emissions from Ca, K, Na, and Mg lines observed in LIBS spectra of dairy milk were compared. In addition, proteins and fat level in milks can be determined using molecular emissions such as CN bands. Ca concentrations were calculated to be 2.165 ± 0.203 g/L in 1% of dairy milk fat samples and 2.809 ± 0.172 g/L in 2% of dairy milk fat samples using the standard addition method (SAM) with LIBS spectra. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis methods showed that the contents of major mineral elements were higher in lactose-free dairy milk than those in dairy milk. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to discriminate four milk samples depending on their mineral elements concentration. In addition, proteins and fat level in dairy milks were determined using molecular emissions such as CN band. We applied partial least squares regression (PLSR) and simple linear regression (SLR) models to predict levels of milk fat in dairy milk samples. The PLSR model was successfully used to predict levels of milk fat in dairy milk sample with the relative accuracy (RA%) less than 6.62% using CN (0,0) band.
UNAIDS: Trying to Gain Traction

This chapter describes the evolution of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). At a time when the discovery of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) had energized the AIDS community, UNAIDS faced significant difficulty trying to establish its leadership amongst shrinking budgets, quarrelling cosponsors, inconsistent and inadequate support from donors, and a strained relationship with the World Health Organization. UNAIDS established UN theme groups on HIV/AIDS to provide a single UN voice on AIDS policies in countries, strove to improve access to HAART, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and built relationships with nontraditional partners, particularly non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, and the business community. Against this back drop, the AIDS world lost one of its greatest champions when Jonathan Mann tragically died in a commercial plane crash.
Serotonin Trophic Factors in Development, Plasticity and Aging

Serotonin has long been known to function as a regulator of brain development, prior to assuming its role as a neurotransmitter in the mature brain. In addition to acting as a trophic factor on other neuronal populations, serotonin also regulates its own development. Serotonin neurons are also one of the most plastic neurotransmitter systems in the brain — that is after lesioning of terminals, the serotonin neuron has the capacity to regenerate them. In order for the phenomena of plasticity to take place, some of the trophic (or growth-promoting) molecules present during development, must be present even in the adult brain.
Basal-bolus insulin therapy in postoperative inpatients with diabetes mellitus: directions for future quality-improvement initiatives.

Aim: To determine variables associated with hyperglycemia and insulin therapy in postoperative inpatients with diabetes mellitus following a quality-improvement initiative. Materials & methods: Patients with diabetes mellitus following an elective surgical procedure (n = 782; 877 surgical procedures) were selected. Results: Age, hemoglobin A1c corticosteroids, insulin therapy and year of surgery were associated (p < 0.01) with hyperglycemia. Hemoglobin A1c, hyperglycemia, case mix index and corticosteroids were associated (p ≤ 0.03) with insulin therapy. Hyperglycemia and use of insulin varied by surgical specialty. Conclusion: Data could be used to modify current treatment algorithms. Variations in hyperglycemia and insulin use by surgical specialty require further investigation.
Pilar's Painting of the Statue of Liberty: Empowering Diverse Women with Punk Culture in DREAMING IN CUBAN

After the Cuban-American author Cristina Garcia published Dreaming in Cuban in 1992, her first novel received substantial literary critical attention. More recently in The Norton Anthology of Latin...
A cross-country analysis of climate shocks and smallholder food insecurity

Future climate changes will affect smallholder farmers in the developing world, posing threats to household food security. Nevertheless, there remains limited comparable evidence across multiple countries and regions regarding the global extent of climate shocks affecting smallholder food security. We examine data from 5,299 household surveys across 15 countries in Latin America, Africa and South Asia to assess the extent of climate shocks and their association with food insecurity, as well as what strategies may help buffer against climate shocks. We find that 71% of households reported experiencing a climate shock in the previous five years. Fifty-four percent reported experiencing food insecurity during one or more months annually. A multilevel statistical model estimated factors correlated with food insecurity as well as factors correlated with food insecurity among households that had experienced a climate shock. Households that reported experiencing a climate shock were 1.73 times more likely to be food insecure. As well, larger and poorer households were associated with higher odds of food insecurity while using pesticides, keeping large livestock, and being more educated are associated with lower odds of food insecurity. Among households that had experienced a climate shock, additional factors are correlated with lower odds of food insecurity when compared to otherwise similar households: use of fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary medicines, large livestock, and household assets. Together, these results demonstrate the extent of existing climate shocks affecting smallholder farmers and how interventions may potentially support adaptation and reduce food insecurity.
Blast-like cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of young infants: Further characterization of clinical setting, morphology, and origin

Blast-like cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neonates have been identified and previously suggested to be of germinal matrix origin. Twelve additional CSF specimens with blast-like cells collected at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, between 1985-1992 were analyzed. The cytological features of the blast-like cells as well as their associated clinical setting were further characterized by the authors. All patients in the study were young infants with hydrocephalus and nearly all underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt at the time the CSF specimen was collected. In addition, a cytologic preparation of germinal matrix cells obtained from an autopsy specimen was analyzed, which closely resembled the blast-like cells. These data provide additional evidence that blast-like cells originate from the germinal matrix.
The Na + /K + -ATPase as a Drug Target for Ischemic Stroke

The Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as the “sodium–potassium pump” or just “sodium pump”) is a ubiquitous and critically important protein complex in the human body. In the brain, between 40 and 70% of all energy is spent maintaining its ionic transport activity [1,2,3]. This energy is used for the active exchange of cytosolic sodium for extracellular potassium in a 3:2 ratio, a process required for the maintenance of transmembrane ionic gradients for all mammalian cells, which in turn is essential for setting the cellular resting potential, regulating osmolarity, and powering the secondary transport of other important solutes like calcium (via the sodium–calcium exchanger) and protons (via the sodium–hydrogen exchanger)
The Stochastic Brain: From DNA Blueprint to Behavior

The brain, with its astronomically complex interconnections and lifelong plasticity, self-assembles using a restricted instruction set of genes. Random processes, physical principles and the DNA instruction set guide the formation of molecular interactomes and neuronal connectomes. Our selves, like a murmuration of birds, are composed of interactions of individual elements with their own intrinsic life and purpose, the individual elements being replaceable.
Adverse Maternal, Fetal, and Postnatal Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX) from Oral Gestational Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background: Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid [(HFPO-DA), GenX] is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class, and elevated levels of HFPO-DA have been detected in...
Upward Flame Spread and Extinction over Wavy Solids

Laboratory scale experimental and modeling results of one-sided upward flame spread over wavy cellulosic paper samples are presented. The sinusoidal shaped samples with varying wavelength and ampli...
Electric-field-driven microfluidics for rapid CRISPR-based diagnostics and its application to detection of SARS-CoV-2

The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the world has revealed major gaps in our ability to respond to new virulent pathogens. Rapid, accurate, and easily configurable molecular diagnostic tests are imperative to prevent global spread of new diseases. CRISPR-based diagnostic approaches are proving to be useful as field-deployable solutions. In a basic form of this assay, the CRISPR-Cas12 enzyme complexes with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA). This complex is activated when it highly specifically binds to target DNA, and the activated complex non-specifically cleaves single-stranded DNA reporter probes labeled with a fluorophore-quencher pair. We recently discovered that electric field gradients can be used to control and accelerate this CRISPR assay by co-focusing Cas12-gRNA, reporters, and target. We achieve an appropriate electric field gradient using a selective ionic focusing technique known as isotachophoresis (ITP) implemented on a microfluidic chip. Unlike previous CRISPR diagnostic assays, we also use ITP for automated purification of target RNA from raw nasopharyngeal swab sample. We here combine this ITP purification with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and the ITP-enhanced CRISPR assay to achieve detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (from raw sample to result) in 30 min for both contrived and clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. This electric field control enables a new modality for a suite of microfluidic CRISPR-based diagnostic assays.
Dancing around the Cauldron with Rangda, the Balinese widow-witch: Exploring gender relations and attitudes toward women and children in Southeast Asia

By taking a cross-cultural approach based on library research, content analysis, and fieldwork in the Philippines, this paper compares Southeast Asian and European tales. The Southeast Asian tales are rooted in local philosophical and cultural traditions. Balinese literature is replete with descriptions of rituals to ward off vampires. The flying half-bodied Aswangs in the Philippines, like their Malaysian sisterlings, can be shown to bear some resemblance to Balinese witches who culminate in the Rangda, the queen of witches. The Balinese ritual battle between the troubled widow witch Rangda and the gentle Barong offers a circular view of history that arguably holds to a universal notion of good and evil. In contrast, European witch tales can be traced back to the hysterical witch hunts and persecution of female midwives and healers in Medieval times that were perceived as threatening the power and authority of male doctors, priests, and landed government officials. The conclusion is that Southeast Asian lore connotes a different set of gender relations and attitudes toward women and children than European origin.
An Aggregation Theory of Character Evidence

Courts frequently depart from Federal Rule of Evidence 404, which prohibits evidence of a person’s prior acts to prove that the person acted according to a certain character or propensity. This leads to verdicts that are unpredictable and based on behavior not at issue in a case. I develop a theory of “aggregation evidence,” which draws on principles of estimation and data aggregation in statistics and ties together evidence from a broad range of contexts. I apply this theory to analyze the effects of character evidence on accuracy, and to understand why and when courts depart from the rule against character evidence. I show that a type of character evidence that I call “objective-chance evidence” stands apart from other forms of character evidence in its ability to improve accuracy. I then argue that a formal exception for this type of evidence may hold the key to a more coherent rule. An earlier version of this article can be found at the following address on the author page at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3664837.
Adoption potential of occupational exoskeletons in diverse enterprises engaged in manufacturing tasks

Abstract Occupational exoskeletons (EXOs) provide the opportunity to reduce fatigue and physical demands, however little is known about adoption and use of such technologies especially among varying company sizes and especially small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Ten focus groups (including seven SMEs) were held across the state of Ohio, with participants representing line employees, management, and safety. Employees tried on a variety of EXOs and then participated in discussions focusing on the adoption and use of this new technology at their site. Consistent comments were obtained regarding donning, fitting, dissemination, and use strategies; space constraints related to EXO “footprints”; and potential undesirable impacts of EXO use. Major concerns expressed by participants were task-specific, and were related to costs and work conditions (e.g., humidity, temperature, dust). Overall, individuals from larger companies and diverse SMEs expressed a strong interest in how EXOs could help employees with repetitive tasks that were often difficult to modify or eliminate. Many concerns still exist, though, regarding specific benefits and costs, how to develop training programs on EXO use, and understanding potential adverse effects of EXO use. Findings from this study help capture the perspectives of diverse enterprises toward adopting and using occupational EXOs to reduce the risk of injury.
Changes in the Employment Status of People With and Without Disabilities in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Objective Using data from the monthly Current Population Survey, this paper provides monthly employment and unemployment statistics for people with and without disabilities in the United States before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to date (January 2021). Design Cross-sectional analysis of the Current Population Survey. Setting The United States. Participants People with and without disabilities ages 16-64 years. Intervention N/A Main Outcome Measures Percentage employed, percentage unemployed, percentage not in labor force, percentage on temporary layoff, percentage looking for work. Results Estimates show that, like workers without disabilities, workers with disabilities experienced increases in unemployment at the beginning of the pandemic but continued to remain engaged in the labor force. Our analysis finds that employment rates dropped from 74.8% to 63.2% for those without disabilities and from 31.1% to 26.4% for those with disabilities between February 2020 and April 2020 but gradually improved in the succeeding months. Conclusions As the pandemic continued, the percentage of unemployed people with and without disabilities on temporary layoff decreased and those looking for work increased.