cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Music Television and the Invention of Youth Culture in India

MTV is often associated with concerns about global cultural homogenization and the spread of a rebellious youth culture. However, the political economy of satellite television in postliberalization India has ensured the construction of a music television audience that is neither antinational nor antielder. On the basis of a reception study of music television in India, this article argues that audiences construct a sense of generational, national, and global identity in a manner that calls for a deeper understanding of cultural imperialism and audience reception. The findings of this study suggest that although the emerging youth culture in India does not seem confrontational in generational or national terms, it is not so much a case of audience resistance as that of co-optation by global hegemonic forces.
Utilizing Sorghum as a functional model of crop–weed competition. II. Effects of manipulating emergence time or rate

Abstract Interest in using crop competitiveness as an integrated weed management tool is increasing. Our objective was to describe traits that could be sources of the competitiveness we previously observed in grain sorghum grown in association with shattercane, which is a common annual weed and a close relative of the crop. Such information could aid in developing management practices for cultivated sorghum to improve its competitiveness with weeds. A bioassay was conducted to compare emergence of the crop and the weed in the greenhouse, and vegetative growth was monitored for 31 d in a within-row competition study. Results described a crop that competed well with the weed and other crop plants and agreed with studies showing that relative time of emergence influenced competitiveness. The mechanism by which grain sorghum emerged before the weed was a by-product of domestication that reduced glumes surrounding the wild-type seeds. This could be shown experimentally by hulling shattercane seeds, which then ...
Loglinear Models for Analyzing Housing Sentiments of Family Members in a Metropolitan and a Non-Metropolitan Community

This study identifies sentiments about housing in general and residential exterior with the objective of contributing to empirical information about housing satisfaction indicators for families. A method of discrete multivariate analysis is demonstrated to show relationships of satisfactions and values. The data are from a cluster sample of husband-wife families with one or more children under 18, living in a metropolitan and a non-metropolitan community. The largest proportion of respondents-regardless of sex, husband's age, housing type, and place of residence-is satisfied with its housing in general, feels housing is important, and views a satisfying residential exterior as important. Levels of overall housing satisfaction and satisfac tion with residential exterior are related. This relationship appears to exist irrespective of a family's type of dwelling or tenure status. The independence of satisfaction and importance ratings of residential exterior from opposite overall housing ratings show variability in the sam ple. Income appears to be a constraint to achieving a satisfying outside of home or overall housing satisfaction. Renter status only partially explains exterior and overall housing satisfac tion levels. People in families of lower social class and in small families (three- or four-person households) give higher ratings of importance to overall housing; those from small families also regard a satisfying residential exterior at higher levels of importance. Findings suggest that design, policy, and planning for rehabilitation, multifamily dwellings, and new housing forms in response to environmental concerns should give attention to users' perceptions of exterior qualities in order to foster residential satisfaction. The data from this research provide a baseline for monitoring some norms of perceived housing needs of a significant segment of the general population.
Active resistor networks as 2D sampled data filters

The use of resistor networks to implement 2D spatial IIR and FIR filters operating in real time is described. A correspondence is drawn between such networks and digital signal processors. A broad array of filtering functions can be realized using networks of positive resistors, voltage-controlled resistors, and negative resistors. The transfer functions effected by networks of this type are precisely defined, and the applications, limitations, and design of two-dimensional resistive mesh computers are discussed. >
Two-color free-electron laser driven by a radio-frequency linear accelerator

The radio-frequency linear accelerator is an ideal driver for a two-color free-electron-laser (FEL) system. Such two-color FEL operation, in which two synchronous optical beams are produced at different frequencies and in which each frequency (or “color”) can be tuned independently over a broad range, would make an unprecedented variety of pump–probe experiments feasible. Modifications to the Superconducting Accelerator/Free Electron Laser at Stanford University that will be required for two-color FEL operation are described. Expected optical-beam parameters at wavelengths extending from 15 μm are given.
Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth at Cold-Worked Fastener Holes

A methodology for the quantitative prediction of crack-growth behavior of cracks emanating at cold-worked fastener holes under fatigue cyclic loading has been developed. The proposed prediction technique is based on an 4'effective stress field'1 concept that accounts for the amount of the compressive residual stress existing at the edge of the cold-worked hole. Stress-intensity factor ranges (A/0 and crack-growth rates (da/d/i) are all formulated in terms of the effective stress field. An existing fatigue-crack-growth analysis computer program has been modified to account for these changes. This program was subsequently used to study the fracturemechanics design development test data. Good correlations have been obtained.
Colony-level macronutrient regulation in ants: mechanisms, hoarding and associated costs

Social and nonsocial organisms both require a suite of nutrients in correct amounts and ratios to promote growth and fitness, but the nutrient profiles of available foods are rarely optimal. Nutrient acquisition in insect societies is more complex compared to that of nonsocial organisms however, because foraging is restricted to only a proportion of the colony, and these members must satisfy their own nutritional requirements and those of other members having distinct nutritional needs. In this study we used laboratory colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta to quantify how ants regulate their protein–carbohydrate intake when restricted to diets with different fixed protein–carbohydrate (p:c) ratios, and to quantify, at both the individual and colony level, behaviours and costs associated with nutrient regulation when feeding on these foods. We found that ants were most attracted to foods with equal or moderately protein-biased p:c ratios. However, colonies on these two treatments created large hoards, and the p:c ratios of these foods differed from that of collected food. In general, carbohydrates were extracted and protein was retained. As a result, carbohydrate intake on all diets except the extremely protein-biased diet was similar. However, carbohydrate regulation on diets with equal and moderately protein-biased p:c ratios may be costly through elevated worker activity and mortality, and through reduction of worker lipid reserves. For colonies feeding on heavily protein-biased food, energy production may have been achieved via gluconeogenesis. We discuss our results in relation to how dietary p:c imbalances in naturally encountered foods may be driving ant foraging behaviour in the field. 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Circulating lysozyme and hepatic CYP1A activities during a chronic dietary exposure to tributyltin (TBT) and 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) mixtures in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Exposure to planar congeners of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) leads to a myriad of toxicities, including developmental, reproductive, and immunotoxic effects. Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons possessing structural similarity to TCDD, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), are more prevalent in the environment than TCDD, and they elicit similar toxic effects, primarily through the cytosolic aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). While polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous pollutants, they rarely exist alone in the environment. The aquatic biocide tributyltin (TBT) is also a widespread environmental contaminant, and numerous studies indicate that it has reproductive, developmental, and immunotoxic effects in a variety of organisms. Unlike planar HAHs, TBT is not associated with any known cellular receptor. The induction of cytochrome P-4501A (CYP1A) activity in most vertebrates is a classical physiological response to planar HAH exposure. TBT has been shown to inhibit the induction of cytochrome P-4.50s at high doses. Recent studies demonstrate that low levels of TBT potentiate PCB-126-associated CYP1A induction in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and in rodents following intraperitoneal injections. In this study, the effects of dietary exposures to TBT, PCB-126, and mixtures of the two on channel catfish hepatic CYP1A activity, as well as plasma lysozyme activity, were examined. Circulating lysozyme, a marker of proinflammatory responses, was monitored to determine the relative specificity of treatments for CYP1A induction. Plasma lysozyme levels were examined along with hepatic CYP1A protein induction and EROD activity following exposure to nominal doses of 1 and 100 ppb dietary TBT, PCB-126, or mixtures of the two. As expected, the highest level of PCB-126 induced CYP1A, and TBT did not. In mixtures, the low level of TBTpotentiated the ability of the high PCB-126 dose to induce CYP1A. Plasma lysozyme levels were suppressed by both concentrations of TBT and by the low concentrations of PCB- 126 during the initial phase of the response to Vibrio anguillarum. The normal and expected pattern of initial increases in circulating lysozyme levels following immunization, with subsequent return to baseline level, was disrupted by TBT. High levels of PCB-126 potentiated the lysozyme response. As seen with CYP1A activities, exposures to mixtures of TBT and PCB-126 resulted in a potentiation of plasma lysozyme levels. The data show that dietary TBT modulates PCB- 126-induced CYP1A activities and that these mixtures may have potent proinflammatory properties as well.
Image-processing technique for suppressing ribs in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN)

When lung nodules overlap with ribs or clavicles in chest radiographs, it can be difficult for radiologists as well as computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) schemes to detect these nodules. In this paper, we developed an image-processing technique for suppressing the contrast of ribs and clavicles in chest radiographs by means of a multiresolution massive training artificial neural network (MTANN). An MTANN is a highly nonlinear filter that can be trained by use of input chest radiographs and the corresponding "teaching" images. We employed "bone" images obtained by use of a dual-energy subtraction technique as the teaching images. For effective suppression of ribs having various spatial frequencies, we developed a multiresolution MTANN consisting of multiresolution decomposition/composition techniques and three MTANNs for three different-resolution images. After training with input chest radiographs and the corresponding dual-energy bone images, the multiresolution MTANN was able to provide "bone-image-like" images which were similar to the teaching bone images. By subtracting the bone-image-like images from the corresponding chest radiographs, we were able to produce "soft-tissue-image-like" images where ribs and clavicles were substantially suppressed. We used a validation test database consisting of 118 chest radiographs with pulmonary nodules and an independent test database consisting of 136 digitized screen-film chest radiographs with 136 solitary pulmonary nodules collected from 14 medical institutions in this study. When our technique was applied to nontraining chest radiographs, ribs and clavicles in the chest radiographs were suppressed substantially, while the visibility of nodules and lung vessels was maintained. Thus, our image-processing technique for rib suppression by means of a multiresolution MTANN would be potentially useful for radiologists as well as for CAD schemes in detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs.
Polymer‐Induced Heteronucleation for the Discovery of New Extended Solids

The assembly of components from solution into the solid state can be accomplished in numerous manners, and each of these pathways can give rise to unique materials. The effects of the assembly pathway can be relatively subtle, as in the crystallization of pharmaceuticals into polymorphic crystals, [1] or more dramatic, involving changes in strong bonding, as is often encountered in the preparation of extended solids. [2] In general, there is no explicit connection between the growth conditions and the structure of the resultant phase. Indeed, spectacular changes in structure can arise from subtle differences in experimental conditions. Recently, we have introduced the use of heterogeneous nucleation from insoluble polymers as a powerful technique for efficiently discovering and selecting among different polymorphic forms of pharmaceuticals. [3] It is proposed that the polymer serves to direct the formation of one phase over others at the time of nucleation by selectively stabilizing one mode of aggregation under conditions (solvent, temperature, extent of supersaturation, etc.) that are otherwise identical. We sought to examine the applicability of this technique towards the emergent area of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), where it is highly desirable to establish a relationship between the crystallization conditions and the outcome of the MOF synthesis. Herein, we show that polymer substrates of varying functionality can be successfully employed to access MOF structures that otherwise are not obtainable. We chose, as initial objects of study, MOF-2and MOF-5 (Figure 1), two of the early reported MOFs based on the wellstudied system of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) and Zn 2+
Photodynamic therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Surgery is the treatment option most likely to be associated with prolonged remission in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. However, it remains investigational and must always be combined with other modalities to treat the microscopic disease that remains after the most aggressive operations. Improvements in quality of life for appropriate patients with this rare yet incurable cancer may be obtained with less drastic lung-sparing surgical procedures along with intraoperative use of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Very encouraging survival results have been obtained with the combination of surgery and PDT, which requires the well-orchestrated collaborative effort of an extensive team of professionals, from thoracic surgeons and radiation oncologists to basic science researchers. Multi-institutional trials are necessary to duplicate these early findings and shed more light on the tumordirected immune response of this surgically based multimodal treatment. (JNCCN 2012;10[Suppl 2]:S75–S79
Manufacturer Benefits from Information Integration with Retail Customers

Information integration efforts between manufacturers and retailers, in the form of information sharing, synchronized replenishment, and collaborative product design and development, have been cited as major means to improve supply chain performance. This paper develops a conceptual framework that relates information-integration initiatives to manufacturer profitability. The framework allows such initiatives to impact inventory management and revenue-enhancing measures that, in turn, increase manufacturer profit margins, or affect profit margins directly. Through an extensive survey in the food and consumer packaged goods industry, we empirically examine this framework. The analysis reveals that the various integration techniques are differentially associated with manufacturer performance. Collaborative planning on replenishment, in the form of vendor-managed inventory (VMI), is directly and positively related to manufacturer margins, while collaboration on new products and services is positively related to intermediate performance measures. Specifically, this latter form of collaboration allows the manufacturer to charge higher wholesale prices and, interestingly, is associated with lower retailer, and consequently manufacturer, stockouts. In contrast, collaboration on the handling of excess and defective retailer inventory (i.e., reverse logistics) results in higher manufacturer stockout levels, on average. Solely sharing information on either inventory levels or customer needs is associated with higher manufacturer performance measures up to a certain point; sharing this information is prevalent among manufacturers that achieve industry-average profitability relative to those that achieve below industry-average profitability. The paper explains these results in the context of the conceptual framework developed and discusses the managerial implications for effective coordination between supply chain partners.
Soil carbon stocks in experimental mesocosms are dependent on the rate of labile carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to soils

Summary 1. The soil sink for carbon is important in regulating climate and soil fertility. The sink strength is dependent on the balance of soil carbon decomposition and formation. Variation in the rates of these processes to manipulations of resource availabilities under global change, such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, is not explained by soil microbial theory. 2. To investigate disparate responses of soil carbon dynamics in field investigations, to altered carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus availability, we couple fractionation, isotope and mesocosm techniques to quantify soil carbon decomposition and formation under different resource regimes. These regimes involve addition of multiple levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, alone and in combination. 3. We hypothesize that: (i) there is no net effect of labile carbon input rate on soil carbon stocks because reductions in soil carbon decomposition are offset by reductions in soil carbon formation; (ii) with simultaneous nutrient addition soil carbon stocks will increase because nitrogen will inhibit further soil carbon decomposition, and mitigate reductions in soil carbon formation observed under elevated labile carbon availability alone; (iii) this increase in soil carbon stocks will be a product of greater formation and decreased decomposition of slower-cycling, mineral-associated, soil carbon, whereas less stable, particulate soil carbon will simply turnover faster (due to greater soil carbon decomposition and formation). 4. In contrast to our predictions formation of soil carbon is positively correlated with labile carbon input rates. In addition, nutrient amendment does not interact with carbon amendment to affect total soil carbon contents. However, there are significant interactive effects when the formation and decomposition responses of different soil carbon fractions are considered. For nitrogen alone, its effects on soil carbon fractions follow our hypotheses. However, phosphorus amendment increases decomposition of the soil carbon fraction that constitutes a longer-term sink. 5. Our results highlight the need for rhizodeposition, phosphorus and soil carbon fractions to be explicitly considered when interpreting potential soil organic carbon responses to altered resource availability. In the discussion, we make four recommendations for future investigations to improve our understanding of soil carbon responses to altered carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities.
GABAergic input to cholinergic forebrain neurons: an ultrastructural study using retrograde tracing of HRP and double immunolabeling.

Amygdalopetal cholinergic neurons in the ventral pallidum were identified by combining choline acetyltransferase (CUT) immunohistochemistry with retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections of the tracer in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. Although ChAT-positive terminals were identified in the ventral pallidum, they were never seen in contact with either immunonegative or ChAT-positive amygdalopetal neurons. In material, in which immunostaining against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme for GABA was combined with retrograde tracing of HRP from the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, GADpositive terminals were seen to contact immunonegative amygdalopetal neurons. In addition, when sections of the rostral forebrain were processed, first to preserve and identify the transported HRP, and then were sequentially tested for both ChAT and GAD immunohistochemistry with the immunoperoxidase reaction for both tissue antigens, GAD-immunopositive terminals were seen to make synaptic contacts with cholinergic amygdalopetal neurons. These results suggest that amygdalopetal, presumably cholinergic, neurons receive GAD-positive terminals. In separate experiments using immunoperoxidase for ChAT and ferritin-avidin for GAD labeling, we confirmed the presence of GAD-containing terminals on cholinergic neurons. In addition, cholinergic terminals were seen in synaptic contact with GADpositive cell bodies. These morphological studies suggest that direct GABAergic-cholinergic and cholinergic-GABAergic interactions take place in the rostral forebrain.
The rhetoric of e-mail: an analysis of style

The paper presents the results of a stylistic analysis of 200 samples of e-mail memoranda gathered from four organizations. Through systematic counting of textual features such as sentence and paragraph length, grammatical types of sentence, and word choice, the study examines patterns of rhetorical choice common to electronic mail. In this sample, short serial sentences dominated, and writers preferred active verbs over other forms, indicating composing processes for e-mail are rudimentary and somewhat spontaneous.
Estimating Peak Inelastic Displacement of Steel SMRF Structures Subjected to a Single or Series of Strong Ground Motions with Scaled Response Spectra

The peak inelastic displacement of a building during a strong ground motion correlates with the elastic period of the structure. Algan (1976) observed this while subjecting laboratory scale reinforced concrete building structures to dynamic base excitations. Later, Lepage (1996) expressed the relationship in a simple form after carrying out regression analysis on dynamic response data from a wide range of buildings. Both Algan and Lepage focused on reinforced concrete buildings. In this study, the presence of a similar correlation between peak inelastic displacement and initial, elastic period in steel special moment resisting frame (SMRF) type building structures is investigated. Two sets of GMs are used in response simulation of 3-story and 9-story SMRFs using OpenSEES. The uniaxial Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto model with isotropic strain hardening and uniaxial bilinear behaviors are considered as the two steel material properties of the structures. The structures are subjected to a series of ground motions with ascending peak ground accelerations. The results are compared with the corresponding responses from non-deteriorated (pristine) structural systems subjected to the highest intensity ground motion from the mentioned ground motion series. Each ground motion is scaled to a target spectral acceleration with respect to the first period of the structure. It is found that a simple empirical expression could be used to estimate the peak inelastic displacement. The source of this rather unexpected behavior is investigated through extensive high-performance computational simulations of how fundamental dynamic characteristics relate to damage and/or softening in a building structural system, including damage accumulation.
Insulin and Other Antidiabetic Agents

Diabetes mellitus is a pathologic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose) and additional disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Diabetes is divided into two forms: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (Type 1) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (Type 2). Type 1 is juvenile-onset diabetes and Type 2 is maturity-onset diabetes. The goals of therapy include elimination of the clinical symptoms of hyperglycemia. Therapeutic regimens are usually tailored to the individual. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas, which acts as the principal regulator of glucose homeostasis. Today most insulin for human use is produced by DNA recombinant methods, although some parts of the world still use porcine and bovine insulin. Insulin preparations are classified as rapid-, regular-, intermediate-, and long-acting injections. There are six classes of diabetes pills and several combinations of oral medications available for persons with Type 2 diabetes. They are classified as insulintropic, compounds, sensitizers, thiazolidinediones, inhibitors of α-glucose, and DDP-4 inhibitors. Newer developments are discussed such as insulin from herbal extracts and the search for insulin in an oral form. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; insulin; oral medications; DNA technology; herbal extracts
Surface modification of the TiO2 nanoparticle surface enables fluorescence monitoring of aggregation and enhanced photoreactivity

Chemically and biologically modified nanoparticles are increasingly considered as viable and multifunctional tools to be used in cancer theranostics. Herein, we demonstrate that coordination of alizarin blue black B (ABBB) to the TiO2 nanoparticle surface enhances the resulting nanoparticles by (1) creating distinct fluorescence emission spectra that differentiate smaller TiO2 nanoparticles from larger TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates (both in vitro and intracellular) and (2) enhancing visible light activation of TiO2 nanoparticles above previously described methods to induce in vitro and intracellular damage to DNA and other targets. ABBB–TiO2 nanoparticles are characterized through sedimentation, spectral absorbance, and gel electrophoresis. The possible coordination modes of ABBB to the TiO2 nanoparticle surface are modeled by computational methods. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy studies indicate that ABBB coordination on TiO2 nanoparticles enables discernment between nanoparticles and nanoparticle aggregates both in vitro and intracellular through fluorescence confocal microscopy. Visible light activated ABBB–TiO2 nanoparticles are capable of inflicting increased DNA cleavage through localized production of reactive oxygen species as visualized by plasmid DNA damage detected through gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy. Finally, visible light excited ABBB–TiO2 nanoparticles are capable of inflicting damage upon HeLa (cervical cancer) cells by inducing alterations in DNA structure and membrane associated proteins. The multifunctional abilities of these ABBB–TiO2 nanoparticles to visualize and monitor aggregation in real time, as well as inflict visible light triggered damage upon cancer targets will enhance the use of TiO2 nanoparticles in cancer theranostics.
Harmonic analysis of induction motor flux density waveform using wavelets in speed control application

The lack of a numerical model in the literature for harmonic analysis of the air gap flux density waveform in an induction motor speed control application, by changing pole numbers, inspires this study. One of the methods for speed control of an induction motor is to change the number of poles of the stator winding. The change in the pole numbers introduces additional harmonics in the air gap flux density waveforms which are harmful to machine performance as well as equipment connected to it. The wavelet packet transform is used to quantify the harmonics in the flux density waveform. The results are useful in the design and development of both motor and drive diagnosis systems. The originality and significance of this research is to enable researchers to choose a proper induction motor in speed control applications by changing pole numbers.
Relative validity of peer and self-evaluations in self-directed interdependent work teams

Peer and self-evaluations were conducted on interdependent multidisciplinary self-directed work teams. Teams worked on two projects during the semester with membership changing between the two projects. Generalizability theory was used to partition the peer ratings into three variance components; rater effect, ratee effect, and the variance unaccounted for by the rater and ratee effects (rater by ratee interaction). The correspondence between the ratee effect and criterion measures for "effort applied to the task" and "technical knowledge applied to the task" was used as a measure of the peer evaluation validity. Self-evaluations were compared to the same criterion measures. The Fisher's average correlation coefficient between the criterion measure and the ratee effect from the peer evaluations was 0.69. In contrast, Fisher's average correlation coefficient between the criterion measure and self-evaluations was 0.25. Peer evaluations had greater validity than self-evaluations in the context of interdependent teamwork.
Using video modeling to teach a domestic skill with an embedded social skill to adults with severe mental retardation

We assessed whether three adults with severe mental retardation would acquire a domestic skill (making coffee) with an embedded social skill (serving coffee to and sitting down beside a peer) via video modeling procedures. Training was conducted in a classroom in the participants' day treatment setting. The intervention consisted of (i) watching a video of an adult with a developmental disability making coffee and initiating a social interaction with a peer; and (ii) receiving verbal praise for each step of the task that was performed correctly. All three participants mastered the task and demonstrated generalization across settings, stimuli, and people. Two participants performed with 100% accuracy on maintenance probes conducted 1 month following mastery, and one participant did so following booster training. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chaos and Collisions: Introductory Concepts

Recent developments in the theory of non-linear Hamiltonian dynamics have changed the way in which classical phase space should be viewed. This change in viewpoint has been absorbed by workers in semi-classical quantization of the energy levels of systems of several coupled degrees of freedom, but is only recently having an impact on our thinking about atomic and molecular dynamics. What is done in these lectures is to introduce the elementary concepts needed to understand the nature and structure of chaotic phase space, and the role of time independent phase space structures on the dynamical processes controlled by them. Many illustrations involving the dynamics of classical two degree of freedom systems are introduced, and hints at generalization to higher numbers of active degrees of freedom, and to the inclusion of quantum effects are provided.
Direct Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires using Silane and Molten Gallium

We report for the first time, bulk synthesis of single crystalline silicon nanowires using molten gallium pools and an activated vapor phase containing silane. The resulting silicon nanowires were single crystalline with growth direction. Nanowires contained an unexpectedly thin, non-uniform oxide sheath determined using high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Nanowires were tens of nanometers in diameter and tens to hundreds of microns long. The use of activated gas phase chemistry containing solute of interest over molten metal pools of low-solubility eutectics such as gallium offer a viable route to generate nanowire systems containing abrupt compositional hetero-interfaces.
Influence of residual polymer on nanoparticle deposition in porous media.

Although surface coatings and free polymers are known to affect the mobility of nanoparticles in water-saturated porous media, the influence of these compounds on nanoparticle deposition behavior has received limited attention. A series of column experiments was conducted to evaluate the transport and retention of quantum dots (QDs) coated with a synthetic polymer, polyacrylic acid-octylamine (PAA-OA). Initial column studies, conducted with three size fractions of Ottawa sand, resulted in unusual solid-phase retention profiles, characterized by low QD deposition near the column inlet and increasing solid-phase concentrations along the column until a plateau or limiting capacity was reached near the column midpoint. Mathematical modeling studies indicated that the observed retention behavior could not be reproduced using one-dimensional simulators based on either clean-bed filtration theory or a modified filtration theory (MFT) model that incorporated a maximum retention capacity. Additional column studies...
Autonomous Power Distribution System

Abstract This paper describes path planning and control of an autonomous power distribution system. The aim is to study the use of the autonomous mobile power-grid systems after disasters to accelerate search, rescue, and recovery efforts. The concept is demonstrated through an autonomous electrical cabling and connection mission between a power source and a power load in a cluttered environment using lab-size platforms. The developed system will be scalable to real-size. The ultimate goal of this work is developing intelligent power electronics and a distributed autonomous mobile microgrid. It will be capable of regulating power flow at a desired voltage and frequency level, meeting load demands and adaptable to changes in situation, power demands, or generations.
Superconductivity near a Quantum-Critical Point: The Special Role of the First Matsubara Frequency.

Near a quantum-critical point in a metal strong fermion-fermion interaction mediated by a soft collective boson gives rise to incoherent, non-Fermi liquid behavior. It also often gives rise to superconductivity which masks the non-Fermi liquid behavior. We analyze the interplay between the tendency to pairing and fermionic incoherence for a set of quantum-critical models with effective dynamical interaction between low-energy fermions. We argue that superconducting ${T}_{c}$ is nonzero even for strong incoherence and/or weak interaction due to the fact that the self-energy from dynamic critical fluctuations vanishes for the two lowest fermionic Matsubara frequencies ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}T$. We obtain the analytic formula for ${T}_{c}$, which reproduces well earlier numerical results for the electron-phonon model at vanishing Debye frequency.
Knowing Joe L. Kincheloe Through a Medium

The indirect acquaintance a scholar developed with a highly influential predecessor became a life-changing event leading to other epiphanies and intellectual growth. Knowledge of self and others reinforced by critical hermeneutic research strengthened both teaching and research skills based on Kincheloean philosophy and praxis. Steinberg exercised intermediary stewardship to connect the researcher and her students meaningfully via the scholarship of Joe L. Kincheloe.
Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Risk for Dementia: Recent Insights into Brain Insulin Resistance and Hypometabolism

Purpose of Review Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases risk for the two most common forms of age-related dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia. This review summarizes key links between T2D and dementia risk and discusses new findings that enhance the understanding of how T2D contributes risk for neurocognitive decline.
LogMine: Fast Pattern Recognition for Log Analytics

Modern engineering incorporates smart technologies in all aspects of our lives. Smart technologies are generating terabytes of log messages every day to report their status. It is crucial to analyze these log messages and present usable information (e.g. patterns) to administrators, so that they can manage and monitor these technologies. Patterns minimally represent large groups of log messages and enable the administrators to do further analysis, such as anomaly detection and event prediction. Although patterns exist commonly in automated log messages, recognizing them in massive set of log messages from heterogeneous sources without any prior information is a significant undertaking. We propose a method, named LogMine, that extracts high quality patterns for a given set of log messages. Our method is fast, memory efficient, accurate, and scalable. LogMine is implemented in map-reduce framework for distributed platforms to process millions of log messages in seconds. LogMine is a robust method that works for heterogeneous log messages generated in a wide variety of systems. Our method exploits algorithmic techniques to minimize the computational overhead based on the fact that log messages are always automatically generated. We evaluate the performance of LogMine on massive sets of log messages generated in industrial applications. LogMine has successfully generated patterns which are as good as the patterns generated by exact and unscalable method, while achieving a 500× speedup. Finally, we describe three applications of the patterns generated by LogMine in monitoring large scale industrial systems.
The Impact of Personality on the Subjective Assessment of Usability

ABSTRACTThe system usability scale (SUS) has been widely employed in both the field and the laboratory as a valid and reliable measure of system usability. Although its psychometric properties are relatively well understood, the impact that differences in users’ personality traits have on their perceived usability of products, services, and systems has not been deeply explored—even though people’s scores on personality traits have been shown to be reliable and predict a staggering array of societally important outcomes in work, school, and life domains. In this study, 268 users assessed the usability of 20 different products retrospectively with the SUS. Five broad personality traits were then measured using the Mini-IPIP scale. Results indicated that measured personality traits do correlate with the rated usability of products, where measures of Openness to Experience and Agreeableness have the strongest positive correlations with subjective usability assessment. Implications for practitioners, designers...
Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel

Biomass-derived jet fuel is an alternative jet fuel (AJF) showing promise of reducing the dependence on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) concept is also known as one of the pathways for producing bio jet fuel. HEFA fuel was approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials in 2011, and can be blended up to 50% with conventional jet fuel. Since then, several HEFA economic and life-cycle assessments have been published in literature. However, there have been limited analyses on feedstock availability, composition, and their impact on hydrocarbon yield (particularly jet blendstock yield) and overall process economics. This study examines over 20 oil feedstocks, their geographic distribution and production levels, oil yield, prices, and chemical composition. The results of our compositional analysis indicate that most oils contain mainly C16 and C18 fatty acids except pennycress, yellow grease, and mustard, which contain higher values and thus would require hydrocracking to improve jet fuel production. Coconut oil has a large content of shorter carbon fatty acids, making it a good feedstock candidate for renewable gasoline instead of jet substitutes’ production. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) was performed for five selected oil feedstocks—camelina, pennycress, jatropha, castor bean, and yellow grease—using the HEFA process concept. The resource analysis indicates that oil crops currently grown in the United States (namely soybean) have relatively low oil yield when compared to oil crops grown in other parts of the world, such as palm, coconut, and jatropha. Also, non-terrestrial oil sources, such as animal fats and greases, have relatively lower prices than terrestrial oil crops. The minimum jet fuel selling price for these five resources ranges between $3.8 and $11.0 per gallon. The results of our TEA and resource studies indicate the key cost drivers for a biorefinery converting oil to jet hydrocarbons are as follows: oil price, conversion plant capacity, fatty acid profile, addition of hydrocracker, and type of hydroprocessing catalysts.
Something old and something new: Using the technology acceptance model to evaluate nonprofit certification

Several nonprofit associations have implemented assessment and certification programs intending to produce institutional improvement for member organizations. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a foundation, this study develops and tests an extension of TAM with organizations that chose to participate in one such program, (the Louisiana Standards for Excellence organizational assessment), and with those that did not. The results of this quantitative study largely validate TAM and indicate that dimensions such as usefulness, access barriers related to resources, attitudes, executive director pro-activity and behavioral intent all influence the decision to pursue voluntary certification. These findings advance current theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at understanding user-adoption behavior in a general sense, and more specifically, in the nonprofit sector.
A Theoretical Model of Social Agency Development

It is postulated that a social welfare agency passes through three stages of development from self-interest to professionalism and then to societal interests
A Multi-stress Model for High Throughput Screening Against Non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Models of non-replication help us understand the biology of persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. High throughput screening (HTS) against non-replicating M. tuberculosis may lead to identification of tool compounds that affect pathways on which bacterial survival depends in such states, and to development of drugs that can overcome phenotypic tolerance to conventional antimycobacterial agents, which are mostly active against replicating M. tuberculosis. We describe a multi-stress model of non-replication that mimics some of the microenvironmental conditions that M. tuberculosis faces in the host as adapted for HTS. The model includes acidic pH, mild hypoxia, a flux of nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen intermediates arising from nitrite at low pH, and low concentrations of a fatty acid (butyrate) as a carbon source.
A next-generation statistical tool for designing phase I trials.

e14022 Background: The three main-stream statistical methods for designing dose-finding phase I trials are the 3+3 (Storer, Biometrics 1989), CRM (O’Quigley et al., Biometrics 1990), and mTPI desig...
Fundamentals of Linear Control: A Concise Approach

Taking a different approach from standard thousand-page reference-style control textbooks, Fundamentals of Linear Control provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the analysis and design of feedback control systems in fewer than 400 pages. The text focuses on classical methods for dynamic linear systems in the frequency domain. The treatment is, however, modern and the reader is kept aware of contemporary tools and techniques, such as state space methods and robust and nonlinear control. Featuring fully worked design examples, richly illustrated chapters, and an extensive set of homework problems and examples spanning across the text for gradual challenge and perspective, this textbook is an excellent choice for senior-level courses in systems and control or as a complementary reference in introductory graduate level courses. The text is designed to appeal to a broad audience of engineers and scientists interested in learning the main ideas behind feedback control theory.
Climate change denial and beliefs about science

Social scientists have offered a number of explanations for why Americans commonly deny that human-caused climate change is real. In this paper, I argue that these explanations neglect an important group of climate change deniers: those who say they are on the side of science while also rejecting what they know most climate scientists accept. I then develop a “nature of science” hypothesis that does account for this group of deniers. According to this hypothesis, people have serious misconceptions about what scientific inquiry ought to look like. Their misconceptions interact with partisan biases to produce denial of human-caused climate change. After I develop this hypothesis, I propose ways of confirming that it is true. Then I consider its implications for efforts to combat climate change denial and for other cases of public rejection of science.
Neurosurgery for Meningiomas

Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults, accounting for 37% of all such masses, with an annual incidence of about 27,000 new cases currently (Ostrom et al. Neuro Oncol 18:v1–v75, 2016). The vast majority of these tumors (>80%) are classified as Grade I tumors, meaning that they do not infiltrate brain tissue or metastasize and are considered “mostly benign” (Perry, and Brat Practical surgical neuropathology: a diagnostic approach. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, 2010). However, these tumors can produce a variety of neurologic symptoms, including seizures and focal neurologic signs that relate to the brain regions most proximal to the tumor (Daras, and Kaley Continuum (Minneapolis Minn) 21:397–414, 2015). Cognitive symptoms are not uncommon in this population (Butts et al. J Neuro Oncol 134:125–132, 2017; Meskal et al. J Neuro Oncol 128:195–205, 2016). The decision to resect meningiomas depends on many factors, including tumor location, rate of growth, size, and the patient’s surgical risk factors. Neurologic and/or cognitive symptoms caused by the tumor are important factors in surgical decision-making. It is not uncommon that these symptoms are subtle and difficult to assess in a basic neurosurgical physical examination or mini-mental status exam may not be sensitive to the relevant symptoms (Meyers, and Wefel J Clin Oncol 21:3557–3558, 2003). Neuropsychological evaluation can be a helpful adjunct for neurosurgeons in their preoperative decision-making as well as evaluation postoperatively to determine if resection of the tumor resolved the patient’s symptoms. In this chapter, we present three cases with varying clinical presentations that illustrate the collaborative role of neuropsychology and neurosurgery in the care of these patients.