cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Kriging Estimation to Enhance the Integrity of Geospatial Climate Data for Infrastructure Management

Roadway pavements, one of the largest transportation infrastructure asset classes in terms of total value, deteriorate over time because of load (traffic) and nonload (climate) factors. Research studies over the years have shown that the nonload share of pavement damage can be as high as 60%. Historically, deterioration modeling has used coarse climate data extracted from regional or national climate maps because of insufficient local data or lack of efficient processes to refine the data. Many national and state databases contain significantly coarse climate data, and when such data are used in deterioration and cost models, the potential exists for significant misspecification. To address the problem, this paper implements kriging estimation, a geostatistical method that uses the spatial distance and autocorrelation of data collection sites to impute unobserved data values within a random field. Kriging estimation can produce gradient maps of the geospatial variable as well as point predictions of the v...
Computing infeasibility certificates for combinatorial problems through Hilbert's Nullstellensatz

Systems of polynomial equations with coefficients over a field K can be used to concisely model combinatorial problems. In this way, a combinatorial problem is feasible (e.g., a graph is 3-colorable, hamiltonian, etc.) if and only if a related system of polynomial equations has a solution over the algebraic closure of the field K. In this paper, we investigate an algorithm aimed at proving combinatorial infeasibility based on the observed low degree of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz certificates for polynomial systems arising in combinatorics, and based on fast large-scale linear-algebra computations over K. We also describe several mathematical ideas for optimizing our algorithm, such as using alternative forms of the Nullstellensatz for computation, adding carefully constructed polynomials to our system, branching and exploiting symmetry. We report on experiments based on the problem of proving the non-3-colorability of graphs. We successfully solved graph instances with almost two thousand nodes and tens of thousands of edges.
Peripheral venous cutdown

Timely establishment of vascular access is a critical component of the care of the acutely ill or injured patient. Peripheral venous cutdown, once a mainstay in the care of the severely traumatized patient, has progressively lost favor since the introduction of the Seldinger technique of central venous line placement. In fact, recent editions of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) text refer to saphenous venous cutdown as an optional skill to be taught at the discretion of the instructor. In certain patients, percutaneous vascular access may be impossible to achieve or result in unacceptable time delays. In these situations, the ability to rapidly and proficiently perform peripheral venous cutdown techniques may prove invaluable and potentially lifesaving. This article reviews the anatomy of the most common sites used for peripheral venous cutdown, peripheral venous cutdown techniques, and the complications associated with peripheral venous cutdown.
Predicting risk for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: CTX versus radiographic markers

Background and objective The most common risk factor for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is dentoalveolar surgery. It has been suggested that reduced serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) can determine the degree of osteoclast suppression and may predict the development of BRONJ after dentoalveolar surgery. Although there are many radiographic appearances associated with BRONJ, there are little data that describes changes preceding dentoalveolar surgery. The objective of this retrospective study was: 1) to investigate if reduced serum CTX values (i.e., Study design A retrospective review of radiographic and/or serum CTX data was performed for 68 patients with a history of bisphosphonate therapy who either underwent dental extraction or were diagnosed with BRONJ in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during the period 2007-2009. Postoperative healing was assessed for 26 patients with reduced serum CTX levels ( Results All 26 patients (100%) who had serum CTX levels Conclusion These data suggest that radiographic PDL widening may be a more sensitive indicator than CTX testing in predicting risk of BRONJ. Current guidelines that recommend minimal surgical intervention may need to be revised to include alternative strategies for the elimination or management of this pathology.
Assessing the Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience to Hazards.

This article contributes to the disaster literature by measuring and connecting two concepts that are highly related but whose relationship is rarely empirically evaluated: social vulnerability and community resilience. To do so, we measure community resilience and social vulnerability in counties across the United States and find a correlation between high levels of vulnerability and low levels of resilience, indicating that the most vulnerable counties also tend to be the least resilient. We also find regional differences in the distribution of community resilience and social vulnerability, with the West being particularly vulnerable while the Southeast is prone to low levels of resilience. By looking at both social vulnerability and community resilience, we are able to map communities’ social risks for harm from threats as well as their capacities for recovering and adapting in the aftermath of hazards. This provides a more complete portrait of the communities that might need the most assistance in emergency planning and response, as well as whether such interventions will need to be tailored toward reducing damage or finding the path to recovery.
CMV infection of the renal allograft is much more common than the pathology indicates: A retrospective analysis of qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR, renal biopsy pathology and tissue CMV-PCR

Background. Quantitative blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is used to direct therapy in kidney transplant patients, but cytomegalic inclusions are rarely found in allograft renal biopsies even with an elevated serum creatinine and apparent CMV disease. The relationship between quantitative blood CMV and renal allograft pathology is unknown. Methods. Thirteen biopsy samples were available for analysis from patients suspected of CMV disease, who had a buffy coat CMV-PCR drawn within 2–5 days of a renal allograft biopsy for an elevated creatinine. All were evaluated for CMV pathologically, by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and tissue PCR. Results. Qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR were positive in 10u13 (77%) patients. Tissue CMV-PCR was positive in five (50%) biopsies, including two with CMV inclusions and three with no inclusions. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR levels did not correlate with detection of CMV inclusions in renal tissue. Paradoxically, quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR was low (239 and 538 copiesumg of DNA) when CMV inclusions were detected. All five biopsies with acute rejection were associated with CMV viraemia and two of the five with allograft CMV inclusions. A quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR of -100 copiesumg of DNA ruled out disease with CMV inclusions. Conclusions. CMV nephropathy is much more common than previously reported when sensitive techniques are used for detection in tissue. Acute rejection and CMV viraemia occur commonly together in patients at risk for CMV. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR does not correlate with the presence of CMV inclusions. These findings have implications for management of patients who have elevated serum creatinine and are at risk for CMV disease.
Plasminogen Activators of Normal and Transformed Cells

Cell surfaces of neoplastic cells have been the focus of the efforts of a number of laboratories in recent years [1]. The altered aspects of the neoplastic membrane have been extensively studied by chemical, physical, physiological, immu-nochemical and immunological approaches. One such area of investigation that has received considerable attention is the increased sensitivity of transformed cells to agglutination by certain plant lectins [1, 2]. These lectins, especially the agglu-tinin isolated from wheat germ [3] and Concanavalin A [4] isolated from jack bean meal, appear to react with carbohydrate determinants on the cell surface. Presumably, the enhanced agglutinability of cells transformed by oncogenic viruses results from an increase in the number of agglutinin binding sites at the cell surface, an alteration in their distribution, or other as yet undefined alterations in the molecular structure of the membrane. Changes in agglutinability, found during transformation or reversion of transformed cell lines to a morphologically normal state, usually are paralleled by changes in growth properties. Tt has been suggested by Burger that the surface alterations detected by the change in agglutinability are necessary for the alterations in growth properties following viral transformation. In fact, brief incubation with low concentrations of proteases can cause normal cells, which have been contact arrested both in growth and movement, to overgrow and to become agglutinable [5, 6]. Escape from density-dependent inhibition appears to be mediated via a cell surface phenomenon since insolubilized trypsin on beads, which are not phagocytosed, has the same effect as soluble trypsin. It is not certain whether the release from density-dependent inhibition of growth by proteases and by serum [7] occur by similar mechanisms. Serum stimulation of growth is most probably related to the overgrowth-stimulating activity reported by RUBIN [8] and recently confirmed in this laboratory [9]. Schnebli and Burger [10] have demonstrated that incubation of transformed cells with inhibitors of proteases causes those cells to grow to saturation densities similar to those observed for normal cells. The corollary of this observation is that transformed cells incubated with a protease inhibitor should become markedly less agglutinable. Recent experiments in this laboratory have substantiated this prediction [9, 11].
Hydralazine tachycardia and sympathetic cardiovascular reactivity in normal subjects

The correlation between hydralazine-induced tachycardia and overall cardiovascular reactivity to sympathetic stimulation was explored in 50 normal subjects. Blood pressure and heart rate changes after standing, immersion of a hand in cold water, the Valsalva maneuver, and moderate exercise were compared with pressure and rate responses to 20 mg oral hydralazine. The drug did not modify blood pressure but increased heart rate, mainly in the standing position. Because plotting the magnitude of this response suggested a two-population distribution, subjects were divided into hyporeactor and hyperreactor groups. Reactivity did not appear to be related to acetylator phenotype. The magnitude of the cardiac response correlated with heart rate responses to standing and to the Valsalva maneuver; when analyzed separately from hyporeactors, correlation was greater among hyperreactors. Because the orthostatic and Valsalva responses are reflex in nature, these results suggest that hydralazine tachycardia is also reflexly induced, that its magnitude depends on individual baroreceptor sensitivity, which is distributed nonnormally, and that it can be predicted by suitable tests of sympathetic responsiveness.
Metastability of Oxygen Donors in AlGaN

Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented for the metastability of oxygen donors in AlxGa12xN. As the aluminum content increases, Hall effect measurements reveal an increase in the electron activation energy, consistent with the emergence of a deep DX level from the conduction band. Persistent photoconductivity is observed in Al0.39Ga0.61N:O at temperatures below 150 K after exposure to light, with an optical threshold energy of 1.3 eV. A configuration coordinate diagram is obtained from first-principles calculations and yields values for the capture barrier, emission barrier, and optical threshold which are in good agreement with the experimental results. [S0031-9007(98)05950-X]
Climate Change Negotiations and Civil Society Participation: Shifting and Contested Terrain

Based on ethnographic research in UN-based policy negotiations, I argue that civil society participation in global governance can best be thought through as it is played out in practice. Using examples from recent deliberations that have taken place under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, I explore the politics of participation through a couple of key issues that are currently being worked out between UN member states and civil society organizations. While civil society serves an important role of providing technical expertise to UN deliberations, it can also serve to push the boundaries of which issues are taken up in negotiations. Tactics used by members of civil society, however, are not always consistent with UN business as usual. This article explores these dynamics and points to the implications of current tensions for future participation of civil society in climate-related negotiations. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2011 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]
Longitudinal surveillance of intestinal parasites in Huai'an City from 2007-2011

[Objective]To understand the epdemic dynamics and influencing factors of hookworm,roundworm,whipworm,and other intestinal parasites in Huaian City,to master the epidemic rule,to predict epidemic trends,and provide scientific evidence for developing control strategies and evaluation measures.[Methods]The Tanchen village was chosen to monitor the epidemic of intestinal parasites infection for 5 consecutive years by using the Kato-Katz thick smear method(Kato-Katz).Infected victims were treated with mebendazole twice a year.[Results] In 2007,1 062 people were surveyed,of whom 33 were identified with hookworm,roundworm,whipworm,pinworm,and ginger insects infections,the overall infection rate was 3.11%.In 2008 it surveyed 1 001 people,of whom 27 were identified with hookworm,roundworm and whipworm infections,the overall infection rate was 2.70%.In 2009 it surveyed 1219 people,of whom 6 were identified with hookworm,roundworm and whipworm infections,the overall infection rate was 0.49%.In 2010 it surveyed 1 116 people,of whom 17 were identified with hookworm,roundworm and whipworm infections,the overall infection rate was 1.52%.In 2011 it surveyed 1 029 people,of whom 10 were identified with hookworm,roundworm and whipworm infections,the overall infection rate was 0.97%.The infection rate decreased by 68.81% in 5 years,and there was significant difference between male and female(χ2=4.50,P0.05).Intestinal parasitic infections mainly concentrated in the age group of 50-59 years,its infection number occupied 38.33%(23/60) of the total number of cases infection,which was significantly higher than the other age groups.[Conclusion]Intestinal parasites infection rate fluctuates under 5% in monitoring points of 5 consecutive years,but there are new infections along with the healing of infected persons,it is important to strengthen population monitoring and propaganda health-related knowledge in order to consolidate the results of control.
Mobility, education and labor market outcomes for U.S. graduates: Is selectivity important?

The literature on human capital, and its positive effects on individuals and regional economies, is now vast. The linkages between human capital and migration have also found a fertile ground in recent years especially in Europe where many studies have focused on interregional migration of graduates and highly skilled individuals. However, the literature on this phenomenon in the USA is less developed. Using the SESTAT database from NSF, this paper aims at contributing to the understanding of inter-state migration behavior of graduates in the USA and its effects on their career outcomes. It builds on the existing literature not only by focusing specifically on the US context, but also incorporating into the empirical model a correction for the possible selection bias that arises from the dual relationship between migration propensity and human capital endowment. Our estimated Mincerian earning equations, corrected for migrant self-selectivity, show that indeed repeat migration is associated with higher average salaries, while late migration is associated with a salary penalty. As for the other control variables, our results are consistent with what has been found in the labor economics literature. Female workers suffer from a salary penalty, while experience, level of education and employer size are all associated with higher average salaries. The labor market also rewards different fields of study differently.
Vena Caval Injury

I have encountered vena caval problems on two different occasions during my lifetime. Fortunately, all caval injury cases were successfully managed. In this brief presentation, I will explain how I was able to secure the caval injury without losing the patient.
Long-Term Mortality Effect of Early Pacemaker Implantation After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

Background The need for pacemaker implantation is a well-described complication of aortic valve replacement. Not so well described is the effect such an event has on long-term outcome. This study reviewed a 21-year experience at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) with aortic valve replacement to understand the influence of early postoperative pacemaker implantation on long-term mortality rates more clearly. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the records of 5,842 patients without previous pacemaker implantation who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement from January 1993 through June 2014. The median age of these patients was 73 years (range, 65 to 79 years), the median ejection fraction was 62% (range, 53% to 68%), 3,853 patients were male (66%), and coronary artery bypass graft operation was performed in 2,553 (44%) of the patients studied. Early pacemaker implantation occurred in 146 patients (2.5%) within 30 days of surgical aortic valve replacement. Results The median follow-up of patients was 11.1 years (range, 5.8 to 16.5 years), and all-cause mortality rates were 2.4% at 30 days, 6.4% at 1 year, 23.1% at 5 years, 48.3% at 10 years, and 67.9% at 15 years postoperatively. Early pacemaker implantation was associated with an increased risk of death after multivariable adjustment for baseline patients' characteristics (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.20, 1.84; p Conclusions Early pacemaker implantation as a complication of surgical aortic valve replacement is associated with an increased risk of long-term death. Valve replacement–related pacemaker implantation rates should be important considerations with respect to new valve replacement paradigms, especially in younger and lower-risk patients.
RARβ2 is required for vertebrate somitogenesis

During vertebrate somitogenesis, retinoic acid is known to establish the position of the determination wavefront, controlling where new somites are permitted to form along the anteroposterior body axis. Less is understood about how RAR regulates somite patterning, rostral-caudal boundary setting, specialization of myotome subdivisions or the specific RAR subtype that is required for somite patterning. Characterizing the function of RARβ has been challenging due to the absence of embryonic phenotypes in murine loss-of-function studies. Using the Xenopus system, we show that RARβ2 plays a specific role in somite number and size, restriction of the presomitic mesoderm anterior border, somite chevron morphology and hypaxial myoblast migration. Rarβ2 is the RAR subtype whose expression is most upregulated in response to ligand and its localization in the trunk somites positions it at the right time and place to respond to embryonic retinoid levels during somitogenesis. RARβ2 positively regulates Tbx3 a marker of hypaxial muscle, and negatively regulates Tbx6 via Ripply2 to restrict the anterior boundaries of the presomitic mesoderm and caudal progenitor pool. These results demonstrate for the first time an early and essential role for RARβ2 in vertebrate somitogenesis.
'Un-Shelfing' Lands Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA): Can a Prior Executive Withdrawal Under Section 12(a) Be Trumped by a Subsequent President?

On December 20, 2016, President Barack Obama invoked his power under section 12(a) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 (OCSLA) to “withdraw” approximately 119 million acres of submerged land on the outer continental shelf. The action prevents these areas from being considered for any future exploration, development, or production of oil or gas. Environmental groups hailed this “11th-hour offshore drilling ban” as a significant victory to protect the fragile ecosystems of the Chukchi Sea and parts of the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic, as well as ecosystems along the edge of the continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean. Congress enacted OCSLA to establish a statutory framework to govern the exploration and extraction of oil and gas on the outer continental shelf lands. In section 12(a) of OCSLA, Congress delegated to the president the authority to “from time to time, withdraw from disposition any of the unleased lands of the outer Continental Shelf.” Drilling advocates, however, claim that President Trump can rescind President Obama’s withdrawal of these lands. Environmental groups maintain that he cannot. This Article explores this critical issue by examining the text of OCSLA, unearthing its legislative history, and applying bedrock legal principles such as the separation of powers doctrine. First, the plain language of OCSLA does not provide textual support for a future president to revoke a prior withdrawal. Second, the legislative history demonstrates that Congress was acutely aware of the environmental consequences of mineral development on the shelf. It modeled OCSLA’s executive withdrawal provision after the withdrawal provisions it had already created for non-submerged lands. For these “uplands” Congress granted the executive branch the power to remove lands, but restricted the president’s authority to restore such lands into disposition. Congress intended a similar limitation in section 12(a). Finally, the separation of powers doctrine buttresses the conclusion that a subsequent president cannot revoke a previous withdrawal made under OCSLA section 12(a). A conclusion that a president has implied authority to restore federal lands would effectively allow the executive branch to re-write the statute in violation of the doctrine.
Lateral-torsional buckling of simply supported anisotropic steel-FRP rectangular beams under pure bending condition

Abstract In this paper, a generalized analytical approach for lateral-torsional buckling of simply supported anisotropic hybrid (steel-FRP), thin-walled, rectangular cross-section beams under pure bending condition was developed using the classical laminated plate theory as a basis for the constitutive equations. Buckling of such type of hybrid members has not been addressed in the literature. The hybrid beam, in this study, consists of a number of layers of anisotropic fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and a layer of isotropic steel sheet. The isotropic steel sheet is used in two configurations, (i) in the mid-depth of the beam sandwiched between the different FRP layers and (ii) on the side face of the beam. A closed form buckling expression is derived in terms of the lateral, torsional and coupling stiffness coefficients of the overall composite. These coefficients are obtained through dimensional reduction by static condensation of the 6 × 6 constitutive matrix mapped into a 2 × 2 coupled weak axis bending-twisting relationship. The stability of the beam under different geometric and material parameters, like length/height ratio, ply orientation, and layer thickness, was investigated. The analytical formula is verified against finite element buckling solutions using ABAQUS for different lamination orientations showing excellent accuracy.
Impact of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Adolescent Behavior

Abstract This chapter discusses the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on three adolescent behavioral outcomes: internalizing and externalizing behavior, substance use, and sexual risk behavior. Various studies from multiple longitudinal prospective birth cohorts collectively indicate that PCE is related to greater externalizing behavior problems and early onset of substance use and sexual behavior, after controlling for biological and environmental confounders such as prenatal exposure to other substances, lead exposure, suboptimal caregiving environment, and violence exposure. Less is known about the underlying mechanisms (i.e., indirect effects of PCE), gender differences (i.e., PCE by gender interaction), or the role of life stress in the link between PCE and adolescent behavioral outcomes, warranting further investigation. Continued studies into adulthood will also elucidate whether the behavioral problems and early indications of substance use and sexual risk behavior persist through early adulthood and affect social and vocational adjustment.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Olaratumab, an Anti-PDGFRα Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced and/or Metastatic Cancer

Olaratumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα). In a randomized phase II study, olaratumab plus doxorubicin met its predefined primary endpoint for progression-free survival and achieved a highly significant improvement in overall survival versus doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). In this study, we characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of olaratumab in a cancer patient population. Olaratumab was tested at 15 or 20 mg/kg in four phase II studies (in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, STS, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors) as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. PK sampling was performed to measure olaratumab serum levels. PK data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling techniques using NONMEM®. The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a two-compartment PK model with linear clearance (CL). Patient body weight was found to have a significant effect on both CL and central volume of distribution (V 1), whereas tumor size significantly affected CL. A small subset of patients developed treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (TE-ADAs); however, TE-ADAs did not have any effect on CL or PK time course of olaratumab. There was no difference in the PKs of olaratumab between patients who received olaratumab as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a model with linear disposition. Patient body weight and tumor size were found to be significant covariates. The PKs of olaratumab were not affected by immunogenicity or chemotherapeutic agents.
A clinical pathway for patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery with rectosigmoid colectomy for advanced ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer

5569 Background: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and economic impact of a clinical pathway including rapid diet advancement for patients undergoing rectosigmoid colectomy as part of cytoreduct...
Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Variations Between Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens.

Abstract Background Treatment-related toxicity can vary substantially between chemotherapy regimens. In this study we evaluated the frequency of outpatient office visits among a cohort of early stage breast cancer survivors after completion of 4 different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens to better understand how differences in toxicities between regimens might affect health care use. Materials and Methods We analyzed administrative claims data from a US commercial insurance database (OptumLabs) to identify women who received adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC), AC followed or preceded by docetaxel or paclitaxel (AC-T), AC concurrent with docetaxel or paclitaxel (TAC), or docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC) between 2008 and 2014. We compared mean numbers of visits per patient (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, region, year, surgery type, radiation, chronic conditions, and previous hospitalizations) across the different regimens (TC = reference) for 12 months, starting 4 months after the end of chemotherapy. Results In 6247 eligible patients, the mean adjusted number of outpatient visits per patient was significantly higher in patients who received AC-T (8.1) or TAC (7.3) than TC (6.5) or AC (6.0; P Conclusions AC-T and TAC are associated with more subsequent outpatient visits than TC. Visits to primary care providers are infrequent during the year after completion of chemotherapy.
Comparative Analysis of Quality Costs and Organization Sizes in the Manufacturing Environment

[This abstract is based on the author’s abstract.] Quality cost categories in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large organizations in the manufacturing sector are compared and analyzed. The quality cost model was used as the basis for a proposed ..
Effect of thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRP) expression on PC12 cell survival

The thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRP) is a novel gene product that remains responsive to thyroid hormone in the cerebral cortex of adult rats. The biological effects of THRP are currently unknown. Since thyroid hormones (TH) are known to cause cell death in primary neuronal cultures, the effect of exogenous THRP expression on PC12 cell viability was investigated. Co-transfection of the THRP expression plasmid with the selectable marker pSV2neo resulted in a lower number of surviving PC12 cells compared to transfection with pSV2neo and the empty vector, pSVL. Similar results were observed when PC12 cells were transfected with the plasmid pCMV.SPORT.β-gal with and without pSVL-THRP. However, expression of exogenous THRP in the colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2 and the glial cell line U251 had no effect on cell viability. Coexpression of THRP with either the wild-type (WT)-c-Abl or a kinase-defective mutant c-Abl (K290R) did not alter the cell viability changes induced by THRP alone. Under these experimental conditions the predominant form of cell death was necrosis as evidenced by in situ analyses, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and staining with membrane permeating and non-permeating nuclear dyes, Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide respectively. In addition cell cycle arrest induced by THRP was demonstrated by reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA. The number of PC12 cells treated with 10−7 M of l-3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly reduced after the fourth day of culture. Treatment of the cells with T3 resulted in a dose dependent induction of THRP mRNA. It is concluded that: (1) THRP expression induces PC12 cell death; (2) under these experimental conditions the form of cell death is predominantly necrosis although cell cycle arrest may also occur; (3) the effect of THRP on cell viability is not modulated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase; and (4) the effect of T3 treatment on PC12 cell survival may be mediated by THRP.
Data Transmission Through the Telephone Network: Protocols, Pitfalls, and Some Examples

Invariably, the situation arises where it is desirable to transfer data from one computer to another, especially from small laboratory systems, word processors, or home computers to large mainframe computers. In many of these cases, there are no common storage media; home computers do not have 9-track tape drives and large mainframes do not have 5 1/4 in. floppy disk drives. Transmission of data through the telephone network is a viable method for data transfer, which is paradoxically both easier than many believe and more difficult than some may claim. One of the keys to successful data transmission is an understanding of telecommunications protocols, i.e., the rules governing intersystem communication through the telephone network. Some of the most common protocols allow exchanging ASCII-coded data at either 300 or 1200 baud. A variety of computer systems can be used, including IBM and DEC mainframes, a Wang word processor, an IBM PC-compatible microcomputer, and the Atari 800 microcomputer. A specific example is the use of the Atari 800 as an APL terminal, complete with the custom character set, standard ASCII text, and data transfer.
Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Development by the LIF Cytokine Subfamily: Studies of the Neonatal Lineage Cultured from Rat Cerebrum

We are investigating the differentiation potential of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their dependence on trophic factors during defineable stages leading to CNS myeli-nation. Our studies concern the lineage response to a growing cytokine subfamily currently represented by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin-M, all of which are related by activation of a common transmembrane receptor heterodimer, signal transducers gpl30 and LIFR (41). Previous in vitro studies have shown that CNTF and LIF can have opposing effects on oligodendrocyte development (Figure. 1.1). They can divert bipotential glial proge-glial progenitors (0-2A) described in cultures of neonatal optic nerve (reviewed in 34) to an astrocytic phenotype if presented in combination with an extracellular matrix (ECM) component of cultured meningeal or bovine aortic endothelial cells (26,29). Alternatively, in the absence of prepared ECM, they can promote development into oligodendrocytes as cues enhancing cell survival (5,29) anddifferentiation (29).
Excited-State Absorption Spectra and Decay Mechanisms in Organic Photostabilizers

This paper discusses picosecond spectroscopic studies of excited-state decay mechanisms in widely-used, ultraviolet-absorbing, polymer photostabilizers— 2-hydroxybenzophenone (I) and 2-(2’-hydroxy-5’-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole (II)—the structures of which are shown below:
Positivity of the Action of F i , E i in the Simply-Laced Case

22.1.1. In this chapter, the root datum is assumed to be Y-regular. We fix λ ∈ X+ and we set Λ = Λλ. The main result of this chapter is Theorem 22.1.7, which asserts, in the simply laced case, that the matrices of the linear maps E i and F i of A into itself, with respect to the canonical basis of Λ, have as entries polynomials with integer, ≥ 0 coefficients.
Herbaceous perennial biomass production on frequently saturated marginal soils: Influence on N2O emissions and shallow groundwater

Abstract Warm season perennial grasses grown for biomass have been suggested as alternative cropping systems on marginal soils to increase farm profit, reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and improve water quality. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) how warm season perennial grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), compare to cool season grasses as streamside buffers on poorly drained marginal soils 2) if inorganic or organic nutrient additions improve biomass yield and affect environmental outcomes? 3) which soil variables influence N2O emissions in situ? We measured soil N2O emissions, soil solution nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), O2, moisture, and temperature, along with shallow groundwater NH4+, NO3−, and ortho-phosphate during two growing seasons (2012–2013). N2O emissions were similar across unfertilized warm season grasses and cool season grasses. However, when switchgrass was fertilized with ammonium sulfate or broiler manure, N2O emissions increased significantly. N2O emissions were weakly correlated with soil solution NO3− concentrations and water filled pore space. Shallow groundwater N was elevated under switchgrass fertilized with ammonium sulfate, broiler manure, and when grown with the legume (Desmodium canadense) when compared to unfertilized switchgrass, Miscanthus, and cool season grasses. In 2013 dry aboveground biomass production did not differ among switchgrass treatments which averaged 10 Mg ha. Biomass production was significantly higher for Miscanthus (18.5 Mg ha). The results indicate that unfertilized switchgrass and Miscanthus are as effective as cool season grasses at mitigating N2O emissions and improving water quality, and that Miscanthus has potential production advantages over switchgrass grown on frequently saturated soils.
Implied volatility and investor beliefs in experimental asset markets

Abstract Investor expectations move markets so the ability to measure beliefs is critical for market participants. Though the volatility implied by traded option prices is a popular gauge of beliefs, our understanding of its usefulness is incomplete. Our experimental markets feature a stock and a call option. The stock has two possible outcomes and the distance between the outcomes is our measure of volatility. The outcome range is not always announced. Regardless of whether it is announced and despite observed mispricing of the two assets, knowledge of the range implied by trading prices informs observers about subjects' beliefs concerning volatility.
Methods to Investigate β-Arrestin-Mediated Regulation of GPCR Function in Human Airway Smooth Muscle

Arrestin proteins were originally characterized as regulators of GPCR desensitization, and that function alone was sufficient to promote extreme interest in their study. It is now appreciated that arrestins also function as mediators of GPCR trafficking and G protein-independent signaling. This latter function places them as prominent players in the emerging field of qualitative signaling, which promises to launch a new area of pharmacology that defines ligands with selectivity/bias toward either G protein-dependent or -independent signaling. To meet the demands of research into arrestin function, methodology has evolved accordingly over the last three decades since the discovery of the arrestin family. Herein we describe state-of-the-art approaches for studying the role of arrestins (β-arrestin1 aka arrestin 2, β-arrestin2 aka arrestin 3) in GPCR function in a primary cell type, cultured airway smooth muscle cells.
On the Derivation of A Convective-Dispersion Equation by Spatial Averaging

Abstract Dispersion coefficients or transport coefficients for porous media flow are defined utilizing the concept of a macroscopic control volume and the spatial averaging of quantitities within the macroscopic control volume. The resulting mass balance equation is still compatible with the continuum approach normally employed in the analyses of fluid flow. For linear laminar flow the dispersion of conservative substances in flow through porous media is a result of the spatial velocity variations due to the complicated geometry of the pore system coupled with the molecular diffusion of the substance across streamlines. The derivation of the mass balance equation is extended to include decay or disappearance of the substance. After the introduction of characteristic reference quantities, the mass balance equation (in dimensionless form) gives rise to two dimensionless groupings; namely the molecular Peclet number and the ratio of the dispersion coefficient to the effective molecular diffusion coefficient for porous media flow. The basic equation should be extended to include turbulent flow. Beyond the linear laminar regime, the influence of viscosity becomes important in the dynamics of the flow field. Since the transport of a substance within the pore system is highly dependent upon the flow field, there results an implied dependence of dispersion coefficients upon the molecular viscosity of the host fluid.
The Invisible Woman: Susan Carnegie and Montrose Lunatic Asylum:

In 1779, Susan Carnegie (1743–1821) persuaded the Town Council of Montrose, Scotland, to build a safe haven for those suffering from both poverty and mental illness. As a result, Montrose Lunatic A...
Load Sequence Effects on Graphite/Epoxy [±35] 2s Laminates

Load sequence effects on composite material fatigue behavior are due to the difference in residual strength when fatigue occurs, or the 'boundary effect', and the 'material money effect' due to previous loads. The present model, which allows the isolation of the effects of memory from those of boundary, has been investigated through a test program for the case of /+, -35/2s graphite/epoxy laminates under high-low and low-high load sequences which generated statistical residual strength data. As predicted by the model, the memory effect is present and a good correlation is obtained between test results and the theoretical predictions for both median residual strength and the expected percentage of fatigue failures under dual loading. It is noted, however, that the statistical dispersion of the residual strength test results is much smaller than that of the static ultimate strength.
MONEY, TAXATION, INFLATION AND REAL INTEREST

This chapter discusses three neoclassical growth models in which the government has both a fiscal and a monetary instrument with which to control the demand for capital and the supply of saving. In these equilibrium models, there is no inherent relationship between the inflation rate and the economy's capital intensity as measured, say, by the real interest rate or the capital–labor ratio. For each of these models, capital intensity is invariant to the inflation rate if net real government indebtedness is insulated from the rate of inflation through suitable compensatory action either by the central bank or by the government treasury. The second contribution is to the equilibrium theory of the inflation rate.
On Site Fidelity and the Price of Ignorance in Swarm Robotic Central Place Foraging Algorithms

A key factor limiting the performance of central place foraging algorithms is the awareness of the agent(s) about the location of food items around the nest. We study the ratio of how much time an ignorant agent takes relative to an omniscient forager for complete collection of food items in the arena. This effectively quantifies the penalty each algorithm pays for not knowing (or choosing to ignore information gained about) where the resources are located. We model the effect of depletion of food items from the arena on the foraging efficiency over time and analytically verify that returning to the location of the last food item found strongly helps in counteracting this effect. To the best of our knowledge, these results have only been empirically argued so far.
Using force sensing insoles to predict kinetic knee symmetry during a stop jump

Abstract Knee kinetic asymmetries are present during jump-landings in athletes returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and are associated with an increased risk for sustaining a second ACL injury. The loadsol® is a wireless load sensing insole that can be used in non-laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to determine if the loadsol® could be used to predict knee extension moment and power symmetry during a bilateral stop jump task in healthy recreational athletes. Forty-two uninjured recreational athletes completed seven bilateral stop jumps. During each landing, the loadsol® (100 Hz) measured plantar load while 3D ground reaction forces (1920 Hz) and lower extremity kinematics (240 Hz) were collected simultaneously. Peak impact force, loading rate, and impulse were quantified using the loadsol® and peak knee extension moment, average knee extension moment, and total knee work was quantified using the laboratory instrumentation. Limb symmetry indices were quantified for each outcome measure. Multivariate backwards regressions were used to determine if loadsol® symmetry could predict knee kinetic symmetry. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the agreement and error between predicted and actual knee kinetic symmetry. Loadsol® impulse and peak impact force symmetry significantly predicted kinetic knee symmetry and explained 42–61% of its variance. There was good agreement (ICCs = 0.742–0.862) between predicted and actual knee kinetic symmetry, and the error in the predicted outcomes range from ±18 to ±43. These results support using the loadsol® to screen for kinetic symmetries during landing in athletes following ACL reconstruction.
Notes on Shatsk as a Gogol Figure

In his brief essay "The Origin of Pynchon's Tchitcherine," Steven Weisenburger catalogues many of the extensive similarities between that character and Pavel Chichikov, protagonist of Nikolai Gogol's Dead Souls, even arguing that "[p]arts of Gravity's Rainbow have a compelling affinity with Gogol's unfinished prose epic, and Tchitcherine is the principal link between the two texts" (42). While the ChichikovTchitcherine correlation may well be the principal link, it is enriched and extended by the appearance in Gravity's Rainbow of a parody of Gogol himself in the person of Tchitcherine's colleague Shatsk, "the notorious Leningrad nose-fetishist, who carries a black satin handkerchief to Party congresses and yes, more than once has been unable to refrain from reaching out and actually stroking the noses of powerful officials" (352). The antecedent author's refraction into one of Pynchon's secondary characters deserves a gloss as well as a brief sketch of some possible connections to Gravity's Rainbow's larger themes.
Building cyberinfrastructure for translational impact: The WIFIRE example

Abstract This paper overviews the enablers and phases for translational cyberinfrastructure for data-driven applications. In particular, it summarizes the translational process of and the lessons learned from the development of the NSF WIFIRE cyberinfrastructure. WIFIRE is an end-to-end cyberinfrastructure for real-time data fusion and data-driven simulation, prediction, and visualization of wildﬁre behavior. WIFIRE’s real-time data products and modeling services are routinely accessed by fire research and emergency response communities for modeling as well as the public for situational awareness. In this paper, WIFIRE’s approach to community-integrated innovation, product development and operationalization is described. Existing sustainability efforts and public/private partnerships as a result of this demand is also discussed.
Vicarious self-affirmation: Understanding key mechanisms

Recent work on self-affirmation, or buffering against self-threats by affirming a separate domain of the self, has investigated the use of manipulations via narrative messages to increase self-appr...