cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First report of Ser653Asn mutation endowing high-level resistance to imazamox in downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.).

BACKGROUND Bromus tectorum L. is one of the most troublesome grass weed species in cropland and non-cropland areas of the northwestern USA. In summer 2016, a B. tectroum accession (R) that survived imazamox at the field-use rate (44 g ha-1 ) in an imidazolinone-tolerant (IMI-tolerant or Clearfield™) winter wheat field was collected from a wheat field in Carter County, MT, USA. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance profile of the B. tectroum R accession to imazamox and other ALS inhibitors, and investigate the mechanism of resistance to imazamox. RESULTS The R B. tectorum accession had a high-level resistance (110.1-fold) to imazamox (IMI) and low to moderate-levels cross-resistance to pyroxsulam (TP) (4.6-fold) and propoxycarbazone (SCT) (13.9-fold). The R accession was susceptible to sulfosulfuron (SU) and quizalofop and clethodim (ACCase inhibitors), paraquat (PS I inhibitor), glyphosate (EPSPS inhibitor) and glufosinate (GS inhibitor). Sequence analysis of the ALS gene revealed a single, target-site Ser653Asn mutation in R plants. Pretreatment of malathion followed by imazamox at 44 or 88 g ha-1 did not reverse the resistance phenotype. CONCLUSION This is the first report of evolution of cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in B. tectorum. A single-point mutation, Ser653Asn, was identified, conferring the high-level resistance to imazamox. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaporation of water at high mass-transfer rates by natural convection air flow with application to spent-fuel pools

Abstract A simple model of evaporation from warm pools of water with turbulent, natural convection flow in the vapor phase is presented. The model is applicable from the dilute, low mass-transfer rate regime (room temperature) through the high mass-transfer rate regime (up to 99 °C). The model is applied to spent-fuel pool (SFP) heat and mass transfer during emergency conditions (e.g., plant blackout), and, in particular, to Fukushima. Comparisons with previous models are made. A simple analytic formula is presented that is nearly explicit in solving for pool temperature. The formula separates the more temperature-dependent properties from less temperature-dependent ones via a non-dimensional ratio Qu = qu/qu,b, where qu is the arbitrary (but specified) evaporative (latent) heat flux (∼decay heat for SFP) and qu,b is the latent heat flux characteristic of incipient boiling. The latter has a simple, relatively temperature-independent expression, qu,b = (hfg Le2/3 h*)/Cp, where h* is the dilute-limit heat transfer coefficient. This formula predicts that for natural convection at 99 °C (h* ∼ 10 W/m2 K) qu,b is approximately 18 kW/m2, slightly greater than, but of the same order of magnitude as, pool boiling heat flux at the onset of nucleate boiling. A new blowing factor correlation is presented for high-rate mass-transfer (Bm > 1) of air–water vapor (Pr ∼ 0.7, Sc ∼ 0.6) turbulent natural convection flow over a heated horizontal surface for pool temperatures up to 99 °C (incipient boiling).
Nonlinear Parabolic Equations

We begin this chapter with some general results on the existence and regularity of solutions to semilinear parabolic PDE, first treating the pure initial-value problem in § 1, for PDE of the form $$\frac{\partial u} {\partial t} = Lu + F(t,x,u,\nabla u),\quad u(0) = f,$$ (0.1) where u is defined on [0, T) × M, and M has no boundary. Some of the results established in § 1 will be useful in the next chapter, on nonlinear, hyperbolic equations. We also give a precursor to results on the global existence of weak solutions, which will be examined further in Chap. 17, in the context of the Navier–Stokes equations for fluids.
A nursing solution to primary care delivery shortfall.

Many countries project that they will have difficulty to meet their demand for primary care based on an inadequate supply of primary care doctors. There are many reasons for this, and they tend to vary by country. The policy options available to these countries are to increase the number of local primary care doctors, recruit doctors from other countries, ration primary care, shift more primary care to specialists, or authorize other disciplines to provide primary care. This article examines lessons learned in the United States over the past 50 years and proposes that expanding the use of nurse practitioners is the best solution when measured by feasibility, costs, ethics, and scope of the care delivered. Using nurse practitioners trained in country meets the World Health Organization global code of practice regarding the international recruitment of health personnel.
Stability, Phase Equilibria, and Interfacial Free Energy in Microemulsions

The stability of emulsions is examined from the points of view of thermodynamics as well as dynamics. First a statistical thermodynamical treatment is developed, which demonstrates that, in contrast to usual emulsions, microemulsions can be stable from a thermodynamic point of view. The expression established for the free energy of formation of microemulsions predicts phase inversion from one type of microemulsion to the other one as well as phase separation. Several basic types of multiphase systems are found theoretically: (1) microemulsion in equilibrium with another (in particular dilute) microemulsion of oil-in-water; (2) microemulsion in equilibrium with another (in particular dilute) microemulsion of water-in-oil, and (3) a dilute microemulsion of water-in-oil in equilibrium with a dilute microemulsion of oil-in-water. Similar multiphase systems have been previously identified experimentally by Winsor and by Healy et al. The present expressions also explain the low values of the interfacial free energy between two microemulsion phases in equilibrium. Second, a transport equation is established for a concentrated colloidal system. Based on this equation conditions are identified when the system is stable or unstable to small perturbations and information about its time evolution obtained. This dynamic approach provides a time scale for significant changes to occur in an unstable system.
Patient-Centered Strategies to Increase Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Clinical trials have become the gold standard for advancing cancer research. However, enrollment and population representativeness in cancer trials have been a challenge, causing significant generalizability issues. To improve the generalizability of study findings researchers should find innovative ways to increase patient participation in cancer clinical trials. One strategy is to involve patients in medical decision-making but often, patients struggle to understand health information well enough to effectively assess the risks and benefits of participation. This research is a qualitative study intended to explore what foundational actions are being carried out at a rudimentary level to support future advances in patient-centered decision support to increase participation in cancer clinical trials.
Animating Binary Arithmetic Computations

Integers have positive or negative. We use “+” or “−” sign for distinguishing them. In order to represent positive or negative integers inside computers, the binary number notation evolved from signed-magnitude notation to one’s complement notation and finally to two’s complement notation. Such an evolvement lies on the disadvantages of one notation and the advantages of the other. Projects that visualize three notations and corresponding arithmetic summation processes are developed as “serious game” based on the three-layer structure for games.
Understanding Gender in Modern Pakistan and Afghanistan Through Feminist Legal Theory: Is There Hope for Reform?

Pakistan and Afghanistan have a dreadful reputation when it comes to the preservation, protection and promotion of women’s rights. Explanations as to why this is so range from cultural and religious practices to underinvestment to lack of resources. Using feminist legal theory with its delineation of the public-private divide it is argued that gender reforms have not occurred in Afghanistan and Pakistan because women issues in these societies come under the private sphere. This permits powerful actors in Pakistan and Afghanistan to opt not to stress the issue of women’s right, claiming that it is either private or because it would create too much instability as it would challenge the Islamists allowing for the continued subjugation of women.
Shallow-Water Acoustic Networks†

Underwater acoustic networks are generally formed by acoustically connected ocean bottom sensor nodes, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and surface stations that serve as gateways and provide radio communication links to on-shore stations. The QoS of such networks is limited by the low bandwidth of acoustic transmission channels, high latency resulting from the slow propagation of sound, and elevated noise levels in some environments. The long-term goal in the design of underwater acoustic networks is to provide for a self-configuring network of distributed nodes with network links that automatically adapt to the environment through selection of the optimum system parameters. This paper considers several aspects in the design of shallow water acoustic networks that maximize throughput and reliability while minimizing power consumption. Keywords: underwater; acoustic; communications; network; media access control (MAC); routing; ad hoc; Seaweb
Increasing the Precision of Hypertension Treatment Through Personalized Trials: a Pilot Study

There are substantial differences in the effects of blood pressure (BP) medications in individual patients. Yet, the current standard approach to prescribing BP medications is not personalized. To determine the feasibility of individualizing the selection of BP medications through pragmatic personalized (i.e., N-of-1) trials. Series of N-of-1 trials. Outpatient. Hypertensive adults prescribed none or one BP medication. Participation in a flexible, open-label personalized trial of two to three BP medications (NCT02744456). BP was measured twice per day with a validated home BP device. Frequency and severity of side effects were assessed at the end of the day via an electronic questionnaire. Patients’ BP medication preference was assessed after reviewing BP lowering and side effect results with a study clinician. Feasibility was assessed by determining the proportion of patients who adhered to self-assessments. Benefit was assessed by asking patients to rate the helpfulness of participation and whether they would recommend personalized trials to other hypertensive patients. Of ten patients enrolled, two dropped out prior to initiation, one discovered white coat hypertension through ambulatory BP monitoring, and seven (mean age 58 years, 71% of women) completed personalized trials. All seven were compliant with home BP monitoring and side effect tracking. All seven recommended personalized trials of BP medications to others. Thiazides were preferred by three patients, renin-angiotensin system–blocking agents by two patients, a combination of thiazide and beta-blocker by one patient, and any of three classes by one patient. Personalized trials of BP medications were feasible and led to improved treatment precision. Heterogeneity of patient preferences and of therapeutic BP response for first-line BP medications can be determined through a personalized trial approach.
Occupational Therapy Student Learning on Interprofessional Teams in Geriatric Primary Care.

Importance: Geriatric, interprofessional primary care training for occupational therapy students is needed. Objective: To measure occupational therapy student–reported knowledge, attitudes, and skills after participation in interprofessional geriatric educational programs. Design: Prospective, observational study with pre- and posttests for the three programs. Participants: Fifty-nine entry-level and postprofessional occupational therapy master’s students. Outcomes and Measures: Self-reported familiarity with other professionals’ roles, perceptions of interprofessional training, capabilities to conduct assessments, and attitudes of older adults. Results: Students of the three programs (Interprofessional Geriatrics Curriculum [IPGC], Student Senior Partnership Program [SSPP], and Geriatric Assessment Program [GAP]) reported different improvements in familiarity of roles, capabilities of assessment, and Geriatric Attitudes Scale (GAS) scores. For example, IPGC and SSPP students had changes in total GAS score (3.91–4.08, p = .002, and 3.84–3.99, p = .003, respectively), but no change was found for GAP students (3.85–3.91, p = .523). Conclusions and Relevance: More structured interprofessional education with older adults appeared to help prepare occupational therapy students to work on geriatric interprofessional teams in primary care. What This Article Adds: This article expands on growing evidence to support occupational therapy’s role in primary care by addressing the need to train future generations to work on interprofessional geriatric primary care teams.
Surface Forces in the Thin Liquid Films (TLFs) of Water Confined between n-Alkane Drops and Hydrophobic Gold Surfaces.

In flotation, air bubbles are commonly used to selectively collect the hydrophobic particles suspended in water, with the collection efficiencies strongly affected by contact angles and the properties of wetting films. Knowing that oil drops form substantially larger contact angles than air bubbles on a hydrophobic surface, many investigators explored the possibility of using oil drops rather than air bubbles for flotation. In the present work, the surface forces present in the thin liquid films (TLFs) of water confined between n-alkanes of different chain lengths and thiol-coated gold surfaces have been measured to better understand the drop–surface interactions, which are controlled by surface forces. The force measurements are conducted by monitoring the changes of local curvatures as an oil drop approaches a flat surface slowly, while monitoring film thicknesses by microinterferometry, constructing spatiotemporal film profiles, and analyzing the profiles to derive disjoining pressure and free energy i...
Breeding and Application of QianHui 785,A Restorer Line with High Combining Ability

For the sake of breeding new restorer lines with high combining ability,the intermediate materials of F5 germination of the cross of rice/CDR22 were crossed by Shuhui 527 and Minghui 86,after years of selection in different places,a new rice restorer line Qianhui 785 was bred with more parents' dominant genes.This restorer line was of good tillers,strong resilience,high combining ability,a large number of pollens.The combination of Jinyou 785,Xiangfeiyou 785 and Liangyou 6785 were approved by Guizhou Agricultural Variety Approval Commission,the Jinyou785 was invested super rice by the Ministry of Agriculture;New combination of Quanyou785 completed the south area of Yangtze river upstream regional test,which would get into the approval procedures in 2014.
Phenotypic diversity of USDA guayule germplasm collection grown under different irrigation conditions

Abstract Parthenium argentatum (guayule), originated from northern Mexico and southern Texas deserts, is a good candidate for arid and semi-arid sustainable agricultural systems to produce domestic natural rubber and other industrial byproducts. Exploring the genetic and phenotypic diversities of guayule germplasm collections is required for continuous genetic improvement of guayule characteristics to meet the growing demand of guayule for rubber, resin and latex industries. The current study phenotypically evaluated a larger guayule USDA germplasm collection than before, with 56 accessions for 10 important morphological and agronomic traits evaluated, which include plant biomass, rubber and resin content, rubber and resin yield. The accessions were grown under two different irrigation conditions: well-watered and water-stressed environments. Significant genotypic effects were found for all studied traits indicating the wide genetic variability of this collection. Significant Environmental effects were found in rubber content, resin content, rubber yield and dry weight biomass. No significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) were observed indicating the similarity of those accessions across growing conditions. Moderate to high entry-mean heritability values were estimated for these traits, suggesting that selection is feasible to enhance the genetic gain. Significant inter-trait correlations were found between biomass-related traits and resin/rubber yield, as well as ploidy levels and resin/rubber content, indicating the possibility of improving multiple traits at one time. To conclude, this study explored the phenotypic variations of the USDA guayule germplasm under different irrigation conditions, which will provide recommendations for parent and off-spring selections to enhance the breeding values in guayule breeding programs.
Patient Satisfaction and Efficiency Benefits of a Novel Multidisciplinary Rhinology and Allergy Clinic.

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa and with strong associations to other immune-mediated comorbidities. Patients often require referra...
Telephone-delivered behavioral health interventions for people living with HIV: patients' perspectives from a qualitative study.

People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience mental health concerns as well as difficulties with medication adherence; they also report barriers to receipt of health services. Telephone-delivered interventions can overcome some of these barriers. To obtain patients' perspectives on telephone-delivered behavioral health services, we conducted a qualitative study with patients who participated in one of two telephone-delivered interventions (mindfulness training, health coaching) in a research trial. Patients (N = 42; M age = 46 years, 50% female, 26% Black) participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews after completing the study. They identified several advantages (e.g., being able to schedule sessions more flexibly compared to in-person appointments, ease of developing rapport with interventionists) as well as occasional challenges of phone delivery (e.g., network connectivity). Overall, PLWH view telephone-delivery as a convenient and flexible method to engage in behavioral health interventions.
Two New Small-Leaved Species of Casearia (Salicaceae) from Madagascar

Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) in Madagascar is in need of taxonomic study. We identify two new species that are endemic to small regions of Madagascar and that, by virtue of their unusually small leaves and other characters, are clearly distinguished from all previously described taxa. Casearia anosyensis Appleq. & M. T. Gates is endemic to a small region near Tolanaro in the southeast, at low elevations; it is considered to be Endangered by IUCN criteria. Casearia montigena Appleq. & M. T. Gates is found in montane environments in the extreme north, usually at high elevations; its conservation status is uncertain. Click here to read this article at BioOne.
Joint Resource Allocation Optimization Over Energy Harvesting Based 6G THz-Band Big-Data-Driven Nano-Networks

While 5G is being widely deployed around the world, the efforts from both academia and industry have started to investigate various promising 6G techniques, among which Terahertz (THz) systems have drawn much research attention. Recent developments in nanotechnology have enabled electromagnetic nano-communications in the THz band for supporting very large bandwidths with ultra-high data rates over 6G big-data-driven nano-networks. One of the major bottlenecks over such networks is the very limited energy that can be accessed by nano devices. Towards this end, novel energy harvesting (EH) mechanisms have been proposed to remedy this energy scarcity problem. However, how to accurately model and characterize the relationships among THz-band wireless channel, energy consumption, and EH models still remains a challenging and open problem. To solve the abovementioned problems, we propose to develop a joint optimal resource allocation policy for self-powered nano devices to achieve the maximum channel capacity in the THz band over EH-based nano-networks. Particularly, using the Time-Spread On-Off Keying (TS-OOK) modulation mechanism, we establish the wireless communication and EH models in the THz band. Then, we formulate and solve the channel capacity maximization problem under several different constraints for our proposed THz-band EH-based schemes. Simulation results are included, which evaluate and validate our proposed EH-based nano-communication schemes in the THz band.
Wetting raw almonds to enhance pulse light inactivation of Salmonella and preserve quality

Abstract The overall goal was to explore the potential of using pulsed light (PL) to pasteurize raw almonds. PL treatment of dry almonds was found to be not effective and detrimental to the almond quality due to the excessive heat generated by PL. Dipping almonds in water before PL treatment enhanced the inactivation of Salmonella dipped-inoculated on almonds and better preserved almond quality by slowing down the temperature increase through water evaporation from almonds. The effects of PL intensity, treatment time, almond sample size, and times of almond dipping in water on Salmonella inactivation were determined. All these parameters played an important role in the inactivation of Salmonella. Increasing the PL intensity and extending the PL treatment time resulted in greater Salmonella inactivation. On the other hand, increasing the almond sample size from 50 g to 500 g and number times of water dipping from one to two slowed down Salmonella inactivation. The one-time dipping of almonds in water for 1 min followed by a PL treatment of 500 g of almonds at an intensity of 0.75 W/cm2 for 18 min could achieve at least 5 log reduction of Salmonella. Hence, this treatment was chosen to process 500 g of un-inoculated almonds for color and quality analysis. This treatment slightly affected the almond color, but did not significantly increase the lipid oxidation of almonds both immediate after processing and after storage at 39 °C for 11 days. No significant difference in the appearance and color of almond between the untreated control and the PL-treated almonds was observed visually. Therefore, this PL treatment in combination with prior water dipping could be a potential pasteurization method for raw almonds.
Co-Reporting of Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence: The Likelihood of Substantiations and Foster Care Placements.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) negatively affects children. Although IPV-related reports frequently come to the attention of child protective services (CPS), there is neither a unified standard fo...
Classification and Analysis of Personal and Commercial CBD Tweets

This study analyzes the differences in terms regarding cannabidiol (CBD) expressed by commercial sellers and personal users on Twitter. It demonstrates that data from social networks can be used by public health and medical researchers to compare the medical conditions targeted by those selling loosely-regulated substances such as CBD against the medical conditions that patients themselves are commonly treating with CBD. We collected 567,850 tweets by searching Twitter with the Tweepy Python package using the terms CBD and cannabidiol, and annotated a sample of 5,496 tweets to distinguish between personal use CBD tweets and commercial/sales-related CBD tweets. We used this sample to train two binary text classifiers to create two corpora of 169,876 personal use and 148,866 commercial/sales. Using medical, standard, and slang dictionaries, we then identified and compared the most frequently occurring medical conditions, symptoms, side effects, body parts, and other substances referenced in both corpora.
Presentation and diagnosis of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).

Introduction Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disorder of immune dysregulation characterized by derangements in first apoptosis signal-mediated apoptosis and elevations in CD3+TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- 'double negative' T cells. As our understanding of this pleomorphic disorder expands, the importance of molecular diagnosis is ever more apparent due to the growing number of disorders that may present with overlapping initial symptoms, but for which there is an ever-increasing list of therapeutic options. Areas covered This review will cover the current understanding of the molecular biology and pathophysiology of ALPS as well as describe some of the overlapping syndromes in order to better demonstrate the importance of establishing the correct diagnosis. Expert opinion Going forward, international, multicenter collaboration to fully characterize ALPS and the ALPS-like disorders, including with particular focus on defining the defects for those patients with undefined ALPS, is important to both continue to improve our understanding of this disorder and to drive patient care forward to provide the best outcomes. Additionally, it is probably time to re-convene an international expert panel to re-define diagnostic criteria taking into consideration the most recent available data in order to optimize patient care.
Ligand-Independent Coactivation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are related transcription factors in the nuclear hormone receptor family. The regulation of PPAR activation by ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms has been intensely studied in efforts to develop new approaches to the treatment of pathological states. In particular, PPARγ has been a focus of study due to its important roles in insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. Since its discovery, many regulatory coactivator complexes were shown to regulate PPARγ, many of them in the absence of ligand binding. This chapter will focus on those coactivator complexes shown to activate PPARγ transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent manner.
Increased odds ratio for erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients

Purpose Erectile dysfunction and COVID-19 share similar risk factors, including vascular disruption of integrity, cytokine release, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between erectile dysfunction and COVID-19 patients. Methods Odds ratio for erectile dysfunction in patients with a history of COVID-19 with and without comorbidities were calculated using a patients' registry platform i2b2. ICD-10 diagnoses codes were accessed for queries and data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Patients with COVID-19 were 3.3 times more likely to have erectile dysfunction with 95% CI (2.8, 3.8). The association became stronger with odds ratio 4.8 (95% CI (4.1, 5.7)) after adjusting for age groups. The odds ratio remained the same after adjusting for smoking status with 3.5 (95% CI (3.0, 4.1)). After adjusting for race, COVID-19 patients were 2.6 (95% CI (2.2, 3.1)) times more likely to have erectile dysfunction. The odds ratio were 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.3 after adjusting for respiratory disease, obesity, circulatory disease and diabetes, respectively. Conclusion COVID-19 and erectile dysfunction are strongly associated even after adjustment for known risk factors and demographics.
Epilepsy and women's health

Epilepsy is a chronic, common neurological disorder affecting approximately three million people in the United States. Approximately one million of these individuals are women of childbearing age. Treatment of seizures with antiepileptic drugs in these women poses several challenges that are unique to this population. An appropriate treatment strategy for these women should include an in depth understanding of their unique issues including choosing an effective birth control method, emergency contraception, catamenial seizures, management of seizures during pregnancy, minimizing the risks of major congenital malformations and breast feeding.
Broadcast Announcing Worktext : A Media Performance Guide

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Professional Announcing CHAPTER 2 The Audio Performance Environment CHAPTER 3 The Television Performance Environment CHAPTER 4 Vocal Development CHAPTER 5 Performance Development CHAPTER 6 Commercial Announcing CHAPTER 7 Interviewing CHAPTER 8 News Announcing CHAPTER 9 Music Announcing CHAPTER 10 Sports Announcing CHAPTER 11 Speciality Announcing CHAPTER 12 Legal and Ethical Issues for Mass Media Performers CHAPTER 13 Beginning an Announcing Career Appendix Glossary Index
Performance of a hub-based network-centric application over the iridium satellite network

The hub-and-spoke architecture of a star network dates to the telecommunications central switching office. However, its benefits are only beginning to be explored in network-centric global applications. The hub facilitates interaction between dissimilar and distant systems. It serves multiple roles: translator between communication formats; subscription manager; multi-level data access controller; and data repository. A network application has expectations of latency. Network-centric application developers need to understand the underlying performance of the spokes used to communicate with the hub. This understanding becomes more difficult when commercial spokes are used. This paper describes the requirements for a hub that performs global networking, the implementation efforts to date, and the plans for future work. It addresses the methods used to gain insight into the performance of spokes when they are implemented by commercial network services. Results are presented for an example spoke technology, the Iridium satellite network.
Dynamic management of power consumption

Power consumption of electronic devices has become a serious concern in the recent years. Power efficiency is necessary to lengthen the battery lifetime in the portable systems, as well as to reduce the operational costs and the environmental impact of stationary systems. Two new approaches that enable systems to save power by adapting to changes in environment are proposed: dynamic power management and dynamic voltage scaling. Dynamic power management (DPM) algorithms aim to reduce the power consumption at the system level by selectively placing components into low-power states. A new event-driven power management algorithm that guarantees globally optimal decisions is presented that is based on Time-Indexed Semi-Markov Decision Process model (TISMDP). TISMDP power management policies have been implemented on four devices: two different hard disks, a laptop WLAN card and a SmartBadge portable system [1]. The measurement results show power savings ranging from a factor of 1.7 up to 5.0 with performance basically unaffected. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithms reduce energy consumption by changing processor speed and voltage at run-time depending on the needs of the applications running. This work extends the TISMDP power management model with a DVS algorithm, thus enabling even larger power savings. The measurements of MPEG video and MP3 audio algorithms running on the SmartBadge portable device show savings of a factor of three in energy consumption for combined DVS and DPM approaches.
THE RHETORICAL INTERROGATIVE: ANXIETY OR CONTROL?

Anxiety and floor control perspectives on speech disturbances were related specifically to rhetorical interrogatives (you know, you see, and okay) and tested in an experimental condition. Communication apprehension and situational stress conditions produced conflicting theoretical predictions. Both anxiety and the perceived potential for interruption increased rhetorical interrogative ratios with no interaction effect; thus partial support was found for both theoretical positions. Neither theory emerged as a major contributor to explain variance in rhetorical interrogative ratios. Additional analysis indicated low/high communication apprehension differences in rhetorical interrogative ratios were primarily a function of the amount of talk.
Touching random surfaces, two-dimensional quantum gravity, and noncritical string theory

A set of physical operators which are responsible for touching interactions in the framework of c<1 unitary conformal matter coupled to 2D quantum gravity is found. As a special case the non-critical bosonic strings are considered. Some analogies with four dimensional quantum gravity are also discussed, e.g. creation-annihilation operators for baby universes, Coleman mechanism for the cosmological constant.
Multi-agent Generalized Probabilistic RoadMaps: MAGPRM

In this paper, the generalized motion planning algorithm (Generalized PRM: GRPM [1, 2, 3, 4]) is extended to a class of multi-agent motion planning problem in presence of process uncertainty and stochastic maps. The proposed algorithm is a hierarchical approach towards constructing a passive coordination strategy which utilizes an existing multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP) solution methodology in conjunction with the GPRM framework to solve the multi-agent motion planning problem. The proposed algorithm is generalized to tackle multi-agent problems involving heterogeneous agents. The algorithm is used to solve multi-agent motion planning problems involving 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional(3D) agents in stochastic maps with uncertainty in the motion model. Results indicate that the algorithm successfully solves the problem under uncertainty, and generates a solution having high probability of success. It also demonstrates that the algorithm is scalable in terms of number of start and goal locations, the number of agents and their dynamics.
Localized instabilities of vortex rings with swirl

Axisymmetric vortex rings with swirl in an inviscid incompressible fluid are considered and it is demonstrated how the geometrical optics method can be used for investigating their stability. The evolution of rapidly oscillating initial data is studied and it is shown that the corresponding rings are unstable if the transport equations associated with the wave which is advected by the flow have unbounded solutions. It is shown that unbounded solutions grow either exponentially or algebraically. By means of the analysis of the corresponding transport equations effective stability conditions for general vortex rings with swirl are obtained. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Women, Power, and Ethnicity: Working Toward Reciprocal Empowermen

P. S. E. Darlington and B. M. Mulvaney. (2003). Women, Power, and Ethnicity: Working Toward Reciprocal Empowerment. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 241 pp. Paperback ISBN: 0-7890-1059-3, $24.95. Women, Power, and Ethnicity uses ethnographic methods to investigate women's views of existing power paradigms and introduces an alternative model of power. Personal observations by the authors led them to believe that not all women subscribe to the traditional concept of power (i.e., power based on wealth, resources, influence, and physical strength). Included in the analyses are the additional forms of power, empowerment and personal authority, and a new model of power that Darlington and Mulvaney refer to as reciprocal empowerment. Reciprocal empowerment incorporates into the concept of power the ideas of sharing or working for the common good. They interviewed 136 women who were representative of a number of ethnic groups currently living in Florida: African American, Asian American, Caribbean American, European American, Latin American, Middle Eastern American, and Native American. The study used two methods of data collection: a 52-statement survey that measured the respondents' responses to the attributes of the four models of power and an interview consisting of 30 open-ended questions designed to determine the types of power that women believe are most frequently used or should be used and that they personally practice. One chapter of the book is devoted to the survey and interviews results for the seven ethnic groups. Each chapter begins with a brief history of the ethnic group, focusing on the experiences of women. The roles of women within the ethnic group prior to and since arriving in the United States are investigated. This history is followed by a brief description of the contemporary roles fulfilled by women within each group. This information is important to understanding the ethnic diversity found in the responses given to the survey and interview questions. The analysis section of each chapter begins with a brief description of the demographics of the women interviewed. This is followed by a lengthy discussion of the results from both the survey and the interviews. The conclusions of each chapter comprehensively explain the results in terms of the four types of power: traditional, empowerment, personal authority, and reciprocal empowerment. The final chapter presents the conclusions drawn from all previous chapters. The overall results of the study are mixed. The women did not clearly prefer any single type of power. …
Postconcussive symptoms are associated with compensatory cortical recruitment during a working memory task.

BACKGROUND:: The severity of sports-related concussion is often characterized by the number and severity of postconcussive symptoms (eg, headache, dizziness, difficulty concentrating). Although the level of postconcussive symptoms after injury is believed to index the severity of the neurological insult sustained, studies examining the relationship between symptom severity and neural functioning in concussed athletes remain rare. OBJECTIVE:: This exploratory study examined the association between self-reported symptom severity and functional activation on a working memory task in a group of 16 recently concussed student athletes. METHODS:: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the relationship of symptom severity to brain activation during a working memory task in 16 concussed subjects. RESULTS:: Findings indicated that symptom severity was associated with regionally specific hyperactivation during a working memory task, even though symptom severity was not significantly related to task accuracy. CONCLUSION:: The results add to a growing body of literature that demonstrates that functional neuroimaging may have the potential to serve as a sensitive biomarker of the severity of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury. Language: en
Quantum Theory of the Burns Temperature in Barium Titanate

We propose a quantum model to explain the dynamic polarization observed above the transition temperature of BaTiO3 and below the Burns temperature. Our theory also applies to other perovskite ferroelectrics.
Convective-dispersive characteristics of tracer transport calculated from transfer function analysis of biological indicator-dilution curves

A solution to the convection–dispersion model of tracer transport in biological systems is presented. This solution provides for the characterization of tracer transport through a network of blood vessels based on the tracer transients recorded at the inlet and outlet points of the circulation under investigation. Fourier transformations of the transients are used to produce a transfer function from which the mean transit time as well as other transport characteristics can be calculated. The practical aspects of applying transfer function analysis to retrieve transport characteristics under experimental conditions are also presented. The application demonstrates the efficacy of the transfer function analysis method independent of tracer recirculation effects and a p r i o r i knowledge of actual tracer concentrations.
Substrate noise in optical data-storage systems.

Noise in optical disk readout has been examined for different polarizations of the incident beam. The disks studied are bare grooved glass substrates, having different groove shapes or differing jaggedness in the sidewalls. We perform measurements for the electric field of the incident laser beam parallel to the track and perpendicular to the track using both differential magneto-optical and conventional phase-change readout schemes. The incident beam of light is focused on the grooved surface of the (bare) substrate either through the substrate or directly from the air. Experiments reveal that the noise level is dependent on the state of polarization, the nature of the track (i.e., land or groove), and the medium of incidence. Surface roughness and sidewall jaggedness are two dominant contributors to the media noise in these substrates.
Endartériectomie carotidienne dans les hôpitaux académiques ou communautaires : données du programme national d’amélioration de la qualité chirurgicale

Objectif L’endarteriectomie carotidienne (EAC) figure parmi les interventions vasculaires les plus frequentes dans les institutions academiques et communautaires. Les excellents resultats des larges etudes prospectives (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study) ont ete critiques en raison d’une impression globale que les hopitaux communautaires ne pourraient reproduire les excellents resultats chirurgicaux obtenus dans les centres universitaires de gros volumes ou les cliniques. Le but de cette etude etait d’utiliser les donnees du Programme national d’amelioration de la qualite chirurgicale (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) afin d’evaluer les resultats de l’EAC dans les hopitaux academiques vs communautaires. Methodes Tous les patients ayant une EAC ont ete identifies dans la base de donnees du Programme national d’amelioration de la qualite chirurgicale entre le 1er janvier 2005 et le 30 octobre 2009. Les patients ont ete regroupes selon l’hopital ou ils avaient recu des soins : hopital academique ou communautaire. Tous les resultats post-operatoires ont ete analyses. Resultats Un total de 17388 EACs a satisfait aux criteres d’inclusion parmi lesquels 9649 cas ont ete effectues en institution academique et 7739 cas dans un hopital communautaire. Il y avait davantage de femmes dans la cohorte provenant des hopitaux communautaires (42,5% vs. 40,2%, p = 0,0197). Les donnees pre-operatoires montraient que la cohorte provenant des hopitaux communautaires comportait davantage de patients ayant une dyspnee (22,8% vs. 18,1%, p Conclusion L’EAC est largement effectuee autant dans les hopitaux academiques que communautaires. Cette etude demontre que les resultats sont equivalents et sont aussi bons a 30 jours dans les populations asymptomatiques ou combinees.
Bribery, inefficiency, and bureaucratic delay

Abstract We examine bribery in a dynamic setting with a partially honest bureaucracy. The presence of honest officials lowers the bribe that a corrupt official can extract from efficient applicants. Consequently, efficient applicants may face delays in receiving licenses, or may never receive licenses, as inefficient applicants are serviced ahead of them. An increase in the proportion of honest officials, while directly increasing the incidence of socially optimal decisions, can also induce greater inefficiencies (misallocation and delay) from corrupt officials. As a result, social welfare may be non-monotonic in the proportion of honest officials, and small differences in monitoring costs may lead to very different levels of corruption. Competition between officials can hurt efficiency; its desirability depends on the prevalence of applicants' ability to pay bribes.
Local structure in perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics: high-resolution 93Nb 3QMAS NMR.

Abstract Solid solutions of (1− x )Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 x Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (PMN/PSN) have been investigated using high-resolution 93 Nb 3-quantum magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance experiments (3QMAS NMR). In previous MAS NMR investigations, the local B-cation ordering in these relaxor ferroelectric solid solutions was quantitatively determined. However, in conventional one-dimensional MAS spectra the effects of chemical shifts and quadrupole interaction are convoluted; this, in addition to the insufficient resolution, precludes reliable extraction of the values of isotropic chemical shift and quadrupole coupling product. In the current 3QMAS investigation, 93 Nb spectra are presented for concentrations x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9 at high magnetic field (19.6 T) and fast sample spinning speed (35.7 kHz). Seven narrow peaks and two broad components are observed. The unique high-resolution of the two-dimensional 3QMAS spectra enables unambiguous and consistent assignments of spectral intensities to the specific 28 nearest B-site neighbor (nBn) configurations, ( N Mg , N Sc , N Nb ) where each number ranges from 0 to 6 and their sum is 6. It is now possible to isolate the isotropic chemical shift and quadrupole coupling product and separately determine their values for most of the 28 nBn configurations. The isotropic chemical shift depends linearly on the number of Mg 2+ cations in the configuration; δ iso CS =(13.7±0.1) N Mg −970±0.4 ppm, regardless of the ratio N Sc / N Nb . For the seven Nb 5+ -deficient configurations ( N Mg , 6- N Mg , 0) and the pure niobium configuration (0, 0, 6), the quadrupole coupling products (and hence the electric field gradients) are small ( P Q ∼6–12 MHz) and for the remaining configurations containing small, ferroelectric active Nb 5+ ions, the quadrupole coupling products are significantly larger ( P Q ∼40 MHz), indicating larger electric field gradients.
Sporulation in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In response to nitrogen starvation in the presence of a poor carbon source, diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo meiosis and package the haploid nuclei produced in meiosis into spores. The formation of spores requires an unusual cell division event in which daughter cells are formed within the cytoplasm of the mother cell. This process involves the de novo generation of two different cellular structures: novel membrane compartments within the cell cytoplasm that give rise to the spore plasma membrane and an extensive spore wall that protects the spore from environmental insults. This article summarizes what is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling spore assembly with particular attention to how constitutive cellular functions are modified to create novel behaviors during this developmental process. Key regulatory points on the sporulation pathway are also discussed as well as the possible role of sporulation in the natural ecology of S. cerevisiae.
Noise characteristics of single grain boundary junction DC SQUIDs in Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ films

Abstract We have prepared DC SQUIDs in which the junctions are formed by the use of a single grain boundary between two single crystals in an epitaxial film of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ deposited onto an SrTiO 3 bicrystal. The noise characteristics of the SQUIDs have been measured as a function of temperature and it is shown that below approximately 82 K noise is dominated by voltage noise across the junction and above this temperature by flux noise presumably from flux motion in the film. It is also found that at high temperatures where phase slippage across isolated individual junction is present the DC SQUID still performs well and this is attributed to synchronization of phase slippage between the two junctions of the SQUID connected by a superconducting loop.
History and strategies of research on social touch

The history of research on social touch is discussed along with comparisons of different research strategies and techniques. Suggestions for future research are proposed.
Chromatin looping is needed for iPSC induction

Terminally differentiated somatic cells can be reset to pluripotent capability either by ectopic expression of defined factors to form so-called “induced pluripotent stem cells” (iPSCs)1 or by empl...
Management, Humanism, and Society: The Case for Macromanagement Theory

Organizations are managed with little direct reference to their roles as components of social institutions. Understanding these roles requires research centered on building theory at the macromanagement level. Research on interorganizational relationships is a step in this direction, but more research is needed on institutionalization processes and related humanistic values.