cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of the induced magnetic field on the magnetohydrodynamic channel flow

The effects of a nonuniform magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow between two parallel plates of infinite extent are investigated. Influence of the induced magnetic field, such that the magnetic Reynolds number is less than unity but greater than zero, is included. The goal is to use the MHD effects to reduce the amount of heat transfer from the fluid to the channel walls. Expressions for distortion in the magnetic and flow fields are obtained. A solution is then obtained using the perturbation theory in the expansion of the field components in a double-power series in R m and I . The pressure gradient along the channel wall is examined. A criterion is developed under which R m must be taken into account in determining the heat transfer between the fluid and the channel walls.
Interferon response factor 3 is crucial to poly-I: C induced NK cell activity and control of B16 melanoma growth

Interferon Response Factor 3 (IRF3) induces several NK-cell activating factors, is activated by poly-I:C, an experimental cancer therapeutic, but is suppressed during many viral infections. IRF3 Knockout (KO) mice exhibited enhanced B16 melanoma growth, impaired intratumoral NK cell infiltration, but not an impaired poly-I:C therapeutic effect due to direct suppression of B16 growth. IRF3 was responsible for poly-I:C decrease in TIM-3 expression by intratumoral dendritic cells, induction of NK-cell Granzyme B and IFN-γ, and induction of macrophage IL-12, IL-15, IL-6, and IRF3-dependent NK-activating molecule (INAM). Thus, IRF3 is a key factor controlling melanoma growth through NK-cell activities, especially during poly-I:C therapy.
Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism

Results The odds of a patient acquiring an autism diagnosis were elevated in periods in which the practices for diagnosing autism changed. The odds of change in years in which diagnostic practices changed were 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.54], 1.55 (95% CI 1.03–2.34), 1.58 (95% CI 1.05–2.39), 1.82 (95% CI 1.23–2.7) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.09–2.39). Using the probability of change between 1992 and 2005 to generalize to the population with autism, it is estimated that 26.4% (95% CI 16.25–36.48) of the increased autism caseload in California is uniquely associated with diagnostic change through a single pathway—individuals previously diagnosed with MR. Conclusion Changes in practices for diagnosing autism have had a substantial effect on autism caseloads, accounting for one-quarter of the observed increase in prevalence in California between 1992 and 2005.
Coronary CT Angiography

Advances in multidetector CT (MDCT) technology with submillimeter slice collimation and high temporal resolution permit contrast-enhanced imaging of coronary arteries and coronary plaque during a single breath hold. Appropriate patient preparation, detailed technical and technological knowledge with regard to recognition of typical imaging artifacts (such as beam hardening or motion artifacts), and the adequate choice of postprocessing techniques to detect stenosis and plaque are prerequisites to achieving diagnostic image quality. A growing number of studies have suggested that 64-slice coronary CT angiography is highly accurate for the exclusion of significant coronary artery stenosis (>50% luminal narrowing), with negative predictive values of 97%-100%, in comparison with invasive selective coronary angiography. In addition, several studies have indicated that MDCT also can detect calcified and noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaques, especially in proximal vessel segments, showing a good correlation with intracoronary ultrasound. Studies on clinical utility, cost, and cost-effectiveness are now warranted to demonstrate whether and how this technique can change and improve the current management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease.
New Carlia fusca complex lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from New Guinea, Papua-Indonesia

Recent rapid-assessment surveys in western New Guinea have provided well-documented voucher specimens that show greater speciation within the Carlia fusca complex in this area than indicated by the examination of older museum specimens. Variation in the morphometric and scalation traits of these new species does not differ greatly from other fusca complex species. This result was anticipated owing to the overall low level of variation in these morphological features in the fusca complex. Regionalization of distinct color patterns and abrupt shifts from one pattern to another indicate the existence of a distinct species along much of the southern coast from the Eilanden River basin to Etna Bay and another species from the northern coast of the Bomberai Peninsula. The variation and distribution of fusca complex species are examined for populations in the southern and western “mainland” Papua-Indonesia.
Scales at \({N_\omega }\)

We show that it is consistent relative to a supercompact cardinal that \({N_\omega }\) is a strong limit, \({2^{{N_\omega }}} = {N_{\omega + 2}}\) and \({\square _{{N_\omega },{N_n}}}\) fails for all n < ω. This gives a partial answer to an old question of Woodin about the consistency of failure of SCH and failure of weak square.
Emergent bursting in small networks of model conditional pacemakers in the pre-Bötzinger complex.

This paper summarizes some lessons learned from the computational study of bursting oscillations in small networks of model pre-Botzinger complex (pBC) neurons. Dynamical systems analysis explains the mechanisms through which synaptic coupling enhances the dynamic range of bursting and predicts the existence of multiple forms of busting and tonic spiking solutions. This analysis also demonstrates that intrinsically bursting cells are not required for network bursting and suggests possible roles for cells with different intrinsic behaviors in enhancing the robustness of bursting.
A class of singular control problems

In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing a class of singular control problems. The main emphasis is given in deriving the equations describing the optimal pairs. The state is governed by a ~th order system of ordinary linear di f ferent ial equations with complex matrixcoefficients in a compact interval, and is subject to a class of approximate boundary conditions. Both the cost functional and state involve very general generalized boundary conditions. The complete proof wi l l appear in [6]. A control problem involving an i n i t i a l condition together with generalized boundary conditions was considered in [3] , for example. The special case of our problem when the cost functional is regular and I= I has been considered in [5]. Since we deal with nonstandard boundary conditions (which become exact boundary conditions in many important cases), a given control generate in f in i te l y many responses, and so the cost functional becomes multi-valued function of control. For this reason we wi l l employ a new method based on the theory of least-squares solutions of a linear relation developed in [8] , [11].
Network Intrusion Detection System – A Novel Approach

Network intrusion starts off with a series of unsuccessful breakin attempts and results eventually with the permanent or transient failure of an authentication or authorization system. Due to the current complexity of authentication systems, clandestine attempts at intrusion generally take considerable time before the system gets compromised or damaging change is affected to the system giving administrators a window of opportunity to proactively detect and prevent intrusion. Therefore maintaining a high level of sensitivity to abnormal access patterns is a very effective way of preventing possible break-ins. Under normal circumstances, gross errors on the part of the user can cause authentication and authorization failures on all systems. A normal distribution of failed attempts should be tolerated while abnormal attempts should be recognized as such and flagged. But one cannot manage what one cannot measure. This paper proposes a method that can efficiently quantify the behaviour of users on a network so that transient changes in usage can be detected, categorized based on severity, and closely investigated for possible intrusion. The author proposes the identification of patterns in protocol usage within a network to categorize it for surveillance. Statistical anomaly detection, under which category this approach falls, generally uses simple statistical tests such as mean and standard deviation to detect behavioural changes. The author proposes a novel approach using spectral density as opposed to using time domain data, allowing a clear separation or access patterns based on periodicity. Once a spectral profile has been identified for network, deviations from this profile can be used as an indication of a destabilized or compromised network. Spectral analysis of access patterns is done using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which can be computed in Θ(N log N) operations. The paper justifies the use of this approach and presents preliminary results of studies the author has conducted on a restricted campus network. The paper also discusses how profile deviations of the network can be used to trigger a more exhaustive diagnostic setup that can be a very effective first-line of defense for any network.
“Rooming the Patient” vs “Moving the Patient”

Abstract Healthcare is coming under ever increasing scrutiny for cost, quality, safety, and patient satisfaction. This paper compares two operational models (“rooming the patience” vs. “moving the patient”) against productivity, privacy, user satisfaction, and other performance measurements. Varying risk factors for patient populations ranging from infants to geriatrics and medical specialties from mental health to orthopedics are addressed for both models. In the first operational model after checking-in the patient is escorted to an examination room and waits as various caregivers (nurses, doctors, clerks, etc.) come and go from the exam room. In the second model the caregivers work from a specific location and the patient moves between the waiting room and these caregiver's locations (reception desk, office/exam room, scheduling desk, etc.) and back to the waiting room multiple times. The paper concludes that there are advantages and disadvantages for each model. The best model depends on both the patient type and care being provided. In some situation there are conflicting results depending on the priority of productivity vs. service level. Regardless of the situation, human factors should be an important consideration in any healthcare decision.
Solid-State Changes in Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Spectra of (NH3)5RuIII(2,4-dihydroxybenzoate) and (NH3)5RuIII(xanthine) Chromophores

Five distorted-octahedral complexes containing (NH3)5RuIIIL ions, where L = 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate or a xanthine, have been studied using a combination of X-ray crystallography, solution and polariz...
Effect of Mass on Seasonal Survivorship of Northern Cotton Rats

We tested the possibility that mass differentially affects seasonal survivorship of cotton rats ( Sigmodon hispidus ) in Kansas. Because Kansas is on the northern margin of the range of this subtropical species, we expected that heavier animals might survive better, especially in winter. We calculated seasonal survivorship using the Jolly-Seber model for a population of S. hispidus residing in northeastern Kansas and livetrapped since 1973. Gender did not affect survivorship, but year, season, and mass did. We found that the heaviest animals survived best only during spring and that cotton rats of intermediate mass survived best during winter. There was broad overlap in summer survivorship, and the lightest cotton rats survived best during autumn. Energy requirements may explain the patterns of survivorship, particularly during winter.
Esophagomediastinal Fistula in Hodgkin's Disease

A 31 year old woman with a rare esophagomediastinal fistula associated with Hodgkin's disease was successfully managed without surgical intervention. Intravenous nitrogen mustard relieved progressive dyspnea and improved symptoms of a superior vena cava syndrome. The syndrome and fistula completely disappeared after irradiation with cobalt 60.
In the Shadow of the International Criminal Court: Does the ICC Deter Human Rights Violations?

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is responsible for prosecuting crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide. Despite the potential for the ICC to deter human rights abuses, scholars and...
Small buildings, big impacts: The role of small commercial building energy efficiency case studies in 2030 Districts

Abstract Small commercial buildings, or those comprising less than 50,000 square feet of floor area, make up 90% of the total number of buildings in the United States. Though these buildings currently account for less than 50% of total energy consumption in the U.S., this statistic is expected to change as larger commercial buildings become more efficient and thus account for a smaller percentage of commercial building energy consumption. This paper describes the efforts of a multi-organization collaboration and their demonstration partners in developing a library of case studies that promote and facilitate energy efficiency in the small commercial buildings market as well as a case study template that standardized the library. Case studies address five identified barriers to energy efficiency in the small commercial market, specifically, lack of: (1) access to centralized, comprehensive, and consistent information about how to achieve energy targets, (2) reasonably achievable energy targets, (3) access to tools that measure buildings’ progress toward targets, (4) financial incentives that make the reduction effort attractive, and (5) effective models of how disparate stakeholders can collaborate in commercial centers to reach targets. The case study library can be organized by location, building type, project size, energy savings, end uses impacted, and retrofit measures. This paper discusses the process of developing the library and case study template. Finally, the paper presents next steps for the library and explores energy savings potential its widespread use.
Microphase Segregation in Segmented Amine-Cured Polyurethanes

The influence of chemical composition on microphase segregation in segmented polyurethanes based on 2,4 and 2,6 toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was investigated earlier by Schneider, Sung and co-workers (1-3). In these studies, polymers of varying degrees of phase segregation were prepared from the two types of TDI coupled to polyether or polyester soft segments and chain extended with butanediol. The extent of phase mixing was judged from infared estimates of interurethane hydrogen bonding as well as from thermal properties, particularly the soft segment glass transition temperature Tg· In general, for 2,4TDT-butanediol, which forms an amorphous hard segment structure, phase segregation was weak in samples with a 1000 molecular weight soft segment, but enhanced with increasing soft segment molecular weight, for the polyether as compared to the polyester soft segment, and with the use of 2,6TDI which forms a crystalline hard segment structure.
Optical Modulation for High Power Systems: Potential for Electromagnetic-Emission, Loss, and Stress Control by Switching Dynamics Variation of Power Semiconductor Devices

Dynamic control of electromagnetic-emission, efficiency, and stress of switching power systems using optically-modulated and galvanically isolated gate control of power semiconductor devices (PSDs) is outlined and experimentally demonstrated at a scaled power level. This is achieved by modulating the switching dynamics of a PSD using an optically triggered power transistor (OTPT), which controls the gate excitation of the PSD. An important aspect regarding scalability of the same concept towards higher power application is the controllability of the PSD onset delay (which can be optically modulated, and as demonstrated, in the proposed device concept) particularly for series/parallel connected device configurations for high voltage and current applications.
Distributed tracking control of uncertain mechanical systems with velocity constraints

Summary This paper considers the leader-following control problem of multiple mechanical systems with uncertainty and velocity constraints. So as to deal with the velocity constraints, a reduction procedure is applied to transform the model of each system to a cascaded system. With the aid of the cascade structure of each system and the properties of linear time-varying systems, distributed robust feedback controllers are proposed such that the state of each follower system asymptotically converges to the state of a leader system with the aid of neighbors' information. So as to reduce the cost of the communication between systems, an event-triggered leader-following control problem is also considered, and event-triggered distributed controllers are proposed. As an application of the proposed results, formation control of wheeled mobile robots is considered, and distributed controllers are obtained with the aid of the results in Theorems 1 and 2. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of left ventricular function in patients undergoing beating heart bypass surgery using mixed versus pure venous conduits

Background: The pathophysiology of coronary artery disease was established in 1876 by Adam Hammer when he postulated that angina is caused by interruption of coronary blood supply and that myocardial infarction occurred after the occlusion of at least one coronary artery. Aims of the study were to compare the left ventricular function in patients who have undergone beating heart bypass surgery using mixed (internal mammary artery and venous conduits) versus pure Venous conduits, and to compare the incidence of postoperative complications. Methods: It was an observational, analytical study. All patients admitted with triple vessel disease requiring CABG (n=50), with ejection fraction >30%, were subjected to either left internal mammary artery and venous conduits (group A, n=25) or only venous conduits (group B, n=25). Patient who had undergone prior surgical myocardial revascularization, preexisting valvular disease, any evidence of raised pulmonary arterial pressure more than 40/15 mmHg, operated using cardiopulmonary bypass machine, pre-operative use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump, any history of neurological dysfunction/Transient ischemic attack, left atrium size more than 5.5 cm were excluded from the study Results: Improvement in left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting was objectively demonstrated in both the groups. There was a statistically significant increase in mean LVEF in group B (56.16±4.13) compared to group A (51.96±5.30) at 3 months of follow up (p=0.009). The most common complication in both the groups were atrial fibrillation group A=36% (n=9), group= B 16 % (n=4), renal failure group A=12% and group B=8% and sternal wound infection. The post-operative bleeding (Drain output) in first 24 hours was similar in both the groups, 295.56 ml in group A and 265.20ml in group B (p=) with similar hospital stay (group A=9days, group B=8.5days). Conclusions: Patients with venous conduits have better postoperative LVEF as compared to Mixed conduit with similar rate of post-operative complications.
A low power CMOS amplitude peak detector for on-chip self-calibration applications

A CMOS 90 nm technology peak detector is presented in this paper used for detecting active circuit process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variation error. The detector can transfer AC input amplitude to corresponding DC voltage. Such DC output can be recognized and compared to determine whether active circuit needs to be compensated to eliminate the PVT variation error. The detection output range is from 100 mV to 680 mV, corresponding to input amplitude varying from 100 mV to 500 mV. The detective frequency range is 1.0 GHz to 10.0 GHz. The power consumption is 0.4 mW with 500 mV input amplitude and 6.0 GHz input frequency under 1.2 V power supply with 1 pF capacitive load.
Targeting neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 secretion for glioma therapy (CCI.001)

Objective: To therapeutically target Nlgn3 secretion in the glioma microenvironment. Background: We previously demonstrated that neuronal activity promotes high-grade glioma (HGG) growth. An important mechanism mediating this neural regulation of HGG growth is activity-dependent cleavage and secretion of the synaptic molecule and glioma mitogen neuroligin-3 (Nlgn3) from cells in the microenvironment, but the enzyme mediating cleavage and the therapeutic potential of targeting Nlgn3 in glioma remains to be defined. Design/Methods: To test the role of microenvironmental Nlgn3 in HGG growth, patient-derived high-grade glioma cells (pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)) were orthotopically xenografted to the frontal cortex or the pons of Nlgn3 knock out or Nlgn3 WT mice and tumor growth was assessed by in vivo bioluminescent imaging and by histological examination. The cellular source of secreted Nlgn3 and the enzyme mediating cleavage were determined using genetically-engineered mouse models together with analysis of Nlgn3 secretion from acute brain slices. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme identified as responsible for activity-dependent Nlgn3 cleavage was tested as a therapeutic strategy in orthotopic xenograft models of pGBM and DIPG. Results: Here, we demonstrate a striking dependence of HGG growth on microenvironmental Nlgn3 and determine a targetable mechanism of secretion. Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts of pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) fail to grow in Nlgn3 knock out mice. Nlgn3 is cleaved from both neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells via the ADAM10 sheddase. Administration of an ADAM10 inhibitor robustly blocks pGBM and DIPG xenograft growth via modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: This work defines the therapeutic potential of and an effective strategy for targeting Nlgn3 secretion in the glioma microenvironment. Targeting Nlgn3 dependency using ADAM10 inhibitor therapy could prove transformative for treatment of HGG. Study Supported by: The National Institutes of Health (1R01NS092597) and the V Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Venkatesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Monje has nothing to disclose.
Trophic actions of IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin on cholinergic and dopaminergic brain neurons.

Insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II have only recently been proposed to possess physiological functions distinctive for the central nervous system (review: Baskin et al., 1988). Receptors for insulin and the IGFs are found in rat brain and seem to be heterogeneously distributed (Hill et al., 1986; Mendelson, 1987; Bohannon et al., 1988). While evidence that insulin occurs in the brain is still equivocal (Baskin et al., 1988), mRNAs for IGF-I and IGF-II were detected in many brain areas and are differentially regulated during development (Rotwein et al., 1988). With cell culture methods it has been shown that insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II can have effects on neurons which are generally described as “neurotrophic”. Thus, in cultures of brain cells these hormones promote neuron survival, neurite extension, and expression of neuron-specific genes and, in astrocytes but possibly also in neurons, DNA synthesis (Bhat, 1983; Lenoir and Honegger, 1983; Mill et al., 1985; Recio-Pinto et al., 1986; Aizenman and de Vellis, 1987; Kyriakis et al., 1987; Avola et al., 1988; DiCicco-Bloom and Black, 1988). These effects are reminiscent of those produced by NGF in cell cultures. NGF and other polypeptide growth factors are believed to play decisive roles in the mammalian nervous system, particularly during early development but also in the adult organism (reviews: Thoenen et al., 1987; Snider and Johnson, 1989; Barde, 1989). Best established are the roles of NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the control of neuronal survival during development of certain peripheral neuron populations (Thoenen et al., 1987; Barde, 1989) and there is initial evidence for a similar action of neurotrophin-3, a polypeptide related to NGF and BDNF (Hohn et al., 1989; Maisonpierre et al., 1990).
Runaway Geneeration In Disruptions Of Plasmas In TFTR

Many disruptions in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [D. Meade and the TFTR Group, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion, Washington, DC, 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 1, pp. 9-24] produced populations of runaway electrons which carried a significant fraction of the original plasma current. In this paper, we describe experiments where, following a disruption of a low-beta, reversed shear plasma, currents of up to 1 MA carried mainly by runaway electrons were controlled and then ramped down to near zero using the ohmic transformer. In the longer lasting runaway plasmas, Parail-Pogutse instabilities were observed.
Miniaturized Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites

Background Multiple therapeutic options exist for the treatment of split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites, but there is no clear consensus among surgeons about the best option. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has rapidly gained in popularity since its invention. Recently, several miniaturized, single-patient NPWT (SP-NPWT) devices have become available. Compared with traditional NPWT devices, SP-NPWT devices are associated with equal wound healing capability and reliability, but offer several advantages. We present a series of 10 consecutive patients whose STSG donor sites were treated with a commercially available SP-NPWT device. Methods We performed a retrospective review for 10 consecutive patients who underwent STSG procedures and were treated with SP-NPWT devices. Results From 2015 to 2017, 10 consecutive patients underwent oncologic reconstruction using STSG and had their donor sites treated with SP-NPWT devices. The SP-NPWT dressing had been left in place for 2 weeks after surgery. The average donor site area measured 80 cm2 (range: 76–106 cm2). In all 10 patients, the donor sites healed uneventfully and with no complications. Conclusion Off-the-shelf, miniaturized, SP-NPWT systems appear to be at least as effective as traditional dressings for STSG donor sites and require no maintenance (skilled nursing or dressing changes). Compared with larger and less portable standard NPWT devices, SP-NPWT dressing systems provide a potential cost benefit as well as enhanced convenience and portability.
Abstract TP335: Divergent Responses of Macrophages and Microglia in the Hemorrhagic Brain

Blood-derived macrophages (MF) and tissue-resident microglia (MG) and are innate immune cells that are responsible for inflammatory responses and tissue repair after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)....
Legislating for Drones: A Guide and Model Ordinances

Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, present enormous benefits but also raise significant concerns for local government officials. The growing popularity and usefulness of drones necessitates the crafting of innovative laws and ordinances that enable this technology while simultaneously safeguarding and protecting issues of local concern. Old ways of making laws may not address these new, digitally connected devices. This paper will discuss case studies and technology, and will provide a framework to help local government attorneys understand and proactively solve numerous expected and unexpected issues that they will encounter in the new drone-related era of municipal law both in regulating the use of drones and in the government's own use of drones. It will also provide an update on the status of the FAA law and regulations as they pertain to drones and discuss preemption issues that local governments need to be aware of with regard to drones. The presentation will also provide practical tips and a discussion of how to draft an effective and enduring drone ordinance.
1.5 Degrees Celsius: The Metamorphosis of the AMERICAN Way of Life, A Transition in Collective Maturation

This article overlays an unorthodox human development model to this moment in American history where the nation will either stay in or rejoin the Paris Agreement or neglect our national environment...
Novel influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitors for the treatment of influenza A infection

Exploration of the chemical space of known influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitor Pimodivir, was performed by our group. We synthesized and identified compounds 16a and 16b, two novel thienopyrimidine derivatives displaying anti-influenza A activity in the single digit nanomolar range in cell culture. Binding of these unique compounds in the influenza polymerase PB2 pocket was also determined using molecular modeling.
Total Quality Management in Local Government

This chapter defines the total quality management (TQM), traces its historical roots, discusses its components, provides numerous examples, and distinguishes TQM from traditional forms of public administration. It examines the knowledge and advice about the implementation strategies of quality management. Careful attention to implementation is crucial, and a variety of strategies exist. The chapter also examines the "force field" or context of TQM in local government. In TQM, agencies and individuals are called upon to identify all of their stakeholders, and to design services to ensure that the objectives meet the needs of all stakeholders. Stakeholders of local government include external customers who depend on agency services. Continuous improvement implies that customer satisfaction should be periodically assessed, and that managers should continuously strive to improve upon customer satisfaction and service delivery processes. Improvements should be based on measures that are S.M.A.R.T.: specific, measurable, accountable, realistic, and team-based.
Review of the clinical approach to the treatment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Though a decade of research led to the creation of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), it was not until the 2013 publication of the DSM-5 that DMDD became an official diagnosis. The conception of DMDD was largely due to increasing rates of paediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) diagnoses, which significantly impacted treatment for these youth. The core symptoms of DMDD include persistent irritability and recurrent outbursts; the absence of a previous diagnostic category for youth experiencing these symptoms may have led to the over diagnosis of PBD. Due to the chronicity of symptoms, these youth are impaired in multiple areas of functioning. This article will present background information about DMDD, discuss clinical assessment strategies including scales for measuring irritability and aggression, and review pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments for youth with DMDD and clinical phenotypes similar to DMDD.
Understanding Navajo Parents’ Beliefs About Cradling and Early Mobility Practices

Children are valued as part of the Navajo community, and the responsibility for nurturing and teaching children typically extends to siblings and extended family members. In Navajo philosophy, K’e is the concept that expresses the social and familial relationships between the child and the people in his world. The use of traditional equipment such as cradleboards and modern-day equipment such as baby walkers reflects both the practical needs of caregivers to protect their babies from harm and the desire to instill in their children cherished cultural values and a sense of belonging. Navajo parents may believe that culturally valued child outcomes of emotional stability and physical strength are promoted through the positioning of children in equipment that places them at the center of their home where they are encouraged to watch, listen, learn, and engage with their family. Although there are potential risks associated with use of this equipment, the overall cultural values of harmony with nature, self-regulation, strength, and balance should guide recommendations for use when working with Navajo families.
Father-Adolescent Relationship Closeness: A Path Analysis of Family Factor Associates with Father-Adolescent Engagement and Relationship Quality

Father-adolescent child relationship quality has been identified as key to adolescent health outcomes. While factors have previously been identified associated with father-adolescent closeness, a comprehensive model of understanding the influence of these factors is needed. Using cross-sectional data from the Study of Contemporary Fatherhood (SCF), this analysis of father-adolescent relationship closeness evaluated responses of nine hundred (N = 900) father surveys to investigate historical factors, including own father relationship quality, biological fathering, family transitions, and ACEs along with current factors, including co-parenting, depression, parenting stress, knowledge of adolescent, warmth, and engagement, on father-adolescent relationship closeness. Path analysis results indicate that father-adolescent relationship closeness was found to be positively associated with current factors, including co-parenting (p = .005), parenting stress (p = .008), parent depression (p = .004), parent knowledge of adolescent (p < .001), and warmth (p < .001), but not parent engagement. Historical factors, including ACEs, family transitions, family of origin biological father, and own father relationship quality, were not significant predictors of father-adolescent closeness. Implications of this study include the importance of current familial factors on promoting father-adolescent relationship closeness, particularly in family interventions for fathers.
The Shifting Frontiers of Standing: How Litigation Over Border Wall Funding Is Exposing Standing's Current Doctrinal Fault Lines

When President Trump announced that he was diverting funds from other items in the federal budget to satisfy a campaign promise to build a wall on the U.S.–Mexico border, a range of litigants lined up to challenge this action in the courts, including nonprofit organizations; state governments; the border county of El Paso, Texas; and the U.S. House of Representatives. At the heart of many of these cases is the question whether the plaintiffs have standing to challenge the Trump Administration’s actions. Because of the range of plaintiffs, and the diversity of harms they allege they have suffered as a result of these actions, this litigation provides a useful lens through which to view the current state of standing doctrine and explore the frequently shifting frontiers of standing jurisprudence: where it is has been, where it is now, and where it may be going in the future. Any inquiry into a plaintiff ’s standing to sue necessarily entails an analysis of the now familiar standard set forth by the Court in Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, which requires that a plaintiff establish that she has suffered an injury in fact that is fairly traceable to the challenged conduct and redressable by a court of law. But there are also other questions that often arise, as these cases are showing, like whether a plaintiff falls within the zone of interests of the protections under which she is suing, whether the litigant can pursue so called third party standing, whether groups can assert the rights of their members, and whether government actors can invoke the courts to address violations of the law or constitutional claims about the functioning of government. This Article explores these and other questions to show how the border wall litigation, with a range of plaintiffs raising a range of claims, is a useful medium through which to view the current state of standing doctrine and where it may go next.
Barometers of Change: Individual, Educational, and Social Transformation

1. Introduction: The Past in the Present 2. The Coalescing of Discrete TrAnds 3. The Individual and the Theme of Liberation 4. The University as a Barometer of Social Change 5. Personal Barometers 6. The Changing Ecology of Child Rearing 7. The Abortion Issue 8. Recollected Sexual Memories 9. Working and Loving 10. Artistic Expression 11. Power Relationships in Our Schools 12. Cities and Schools.
Acute Effects of Cannabis on Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Abstract Background Little is known about the the acute effects of cannabis on symptoms of OCD in humans. Therefore, this study sought to: 1) examine whether symptoms of OCD are significantly reduced after inhaling cannabis, 2) examine predictors (gender, dose, cannabis constituents, time) of these symptom changes and 3) explore potential long-term consequences of repeatedly using cannabis to self-medicate for OCD symptoms, including changes in dose and baseline symptom severity over time. Method Data were analyzed from the app Strainprint® which provides medical cannabis patients a means of tracking changes in symptoms as a function of different doses and strains of cannabis across time. Specifically, data were analyzed from 87 individuals self-identifying with OCD who tracked the severity of their intrusions, compulsions, and/or anxiety immediately before and after 1,810 cannabis use sessions spanning a period of 31 months. Results Patients reported a 60% reduction in compulsions, a 49% reduction in intrusions, and a 52% reduction in anxiety from before to after inhaling cannabis. Higher concentrations of CBD and higher doses predicted larger reductions in compulsions. The number of cannabis use sessions across time predicted changes in intrusions, such that later cannabis use sessions were associated with smaller reductions in intrusions. Baseline symptom severity and dose remained fairly constant over time. Limitations The sample was self-selected, self-identified as having OCD, and there was no placebo control group. Conclusions Inhaled cannabis appears to have short-term beneficial effects on symptoms of OCD. However, tolerance to the effects on intrusions may develop over time.
Botulinum Toxins for Treatment of Pain in Orthopedic Disorders

Chronic pain is a major issue in many orthopedic disorders. With the discovery of analgesic effects of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), there is an emerging interest in exploring the potential role for BoNTs in relieving orthopedic pain.
Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens is an extremely versatile pathogen of humans and livestock, causing wound infections like gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis/enterocolitis (including one of the most common human food-borne illnesses), and enterotoxemia (where toxins produced in the intestine are absorbed and damage distant organs such as the brain). The virulence of this Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobe is largely attributable to its copious toxin production; the diverse actions and roles in infection of these toxins are now becoming established. Most C. perfringens toxin genes are encoded on conjugative plasmids, including the pCW3-like and the recently discovered pCP13-like plasmid families. Production of C. perfringens toxins is highly regulated via processes involving two-component regulatory systems, quorum sensing and/or sporulation-related alternative sigma factors. Non-toxin factors, such as degradative enzymes like sialidases, are also now being implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These factors can promote toxin action in vitro and, perhaps in vivo, and also enhance C. perfringens intestinal colonization, e.g. NanI sialidase increases C. perfringens adherence to intestinal tissue and generates nutrients for its growth, at least in vitro. The possible virulence contributions of many other factors, such as adhesins, the capsule and biofilms, largely await future study.
Geographies of production III: Global production in/through nature:

This report draws upon political ecology and nature–society geography to examine the production network–nature nexus. Indebted to these approaches, a growing number of production network and value ...
Under-utilization of the OTA Fracture Classification in the orthopaedic trauma literature.

BACKGROUND The OTA Fracture Classification is designed to provide a common language and facilitate effective communication among orthopaedic surgeons. We attempted to measure the degree to which this classification is currently being utilized in orthopaedic trauma literature. METHODS We reviewed all of the articles in the JOT in 2011. We determined which of these articles could have appropriately utilized the 2007 OTA Classification. We calculated the percentage that mentioned and correctly cited this classification system as a reference. RESULTS There were 145 articles in 2011. One hundred of these articles were appropriate for classifying a fracture. 38% of these articles utilized the OTA classification in the text. Only 42% of articles mentioning the OTA Classification cited a reference. 38% of these citations used the old (1996) OTA Classification reference, and only 8% overall correctly cited the 2007 OTA Classification reference. 51% of articles mentioned some other classification system; 21 in addition to OTA and 30 instead of the OTA classification. CONCLUSIONS The OTA Fracture Classification is being used more commonly (38%) but is not routinely used or correctly cited (8%) in articles currently being published in the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, despite the fact that it is "required" according to the instructions to authors. We conclude that future authors should utilize and correctly reference the 2007 OTA Classification so that the benefits of a common language can be realized. Routine and consistent utilization of the classification may ultimately lead to more consistency and improved interpretability of treatment outcomes in published orthopaedic trauma research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level-III case-control study, decision analysis.
The One-Dimensional Heat Equation

Editor's statement Foreword Felix E. Browder Preface Preliminaries 1. Introduction 2. The Cauchy problem 3. The initial-value problem 4. The initial-boundary-value problem for the quarter plane with temperature-boundary specification 5. The initial-boundary-value problem for the quarter plane with heat-flux-boundary specification 6. The initial-boundary-value problem for the semi-infinite strip with temperature-boundary specification and heat-flux-boundary specification 7. The reduction of some initial-boundary-value problems for the semi-infinite strip, to integral equations: some exercises 8. Integral equations 9. Solutions of boundary-value problems for all times and periodic solutions 10. Analyticity of solutions 11. Continuous dependence upon the data for some state-estimation problems 12. Some numerical methods for some state-estimation problems 13. Determination of an unknown time-dependent diffusivity a(t) from overspecified data 14. Initial- and/or boundary-value problems for gneral regions with Holder continuous boundaries 15. Some properties of solutions in general domains 16. The solution in a general region with temperature-boundary specification: the method of perron-poincare 17. The one-phase stefan problem with temperature-boundary specification 18. The one-phase stefan problem with flux-boundary specification: some exercises 19. The inhomogeneous heat equation ut=uxx+f(x,t) 20. An application of the inhomogeneous heat equation: the equation ut=uxx+f(x,t,u,ux) Symbol index Subject index.
Online Data Structures in External Memory

The data sets for many of today's computer applications are too large to fit within the computer's internal memory and must instead be stored on external storage devices such as disks. A major performance bottleneck can be the input/output communication (or I/O) between the external and internal memories. In this paper we discuss a variety of on-line data structures for external memory--some very old and some very new--such as hashing (for dictionaries), B-trees (for dictionaries and 1-D range search), buffer trees (for batched dynamic problems), interval trees with weight-balanced B-trees (for stabbing queries), priority search trees (for 3-sided 2-D range search), and R-trees and other spatial structures. We also discuss several open problems along the way.
Mosh: an interactive remote shell for mobile clients

Mosh (mobile shell) is a remote terminal application that supports intermittent connectivity, allows roaming, and speculatively and safely echoes user keystrokes for better interactive response over high-latency paths. Mosh is built on the State Synchronization Protocol (SSP), a new UDP-based protocol that securely synchronizes client and server state, even across changes of the client's IP address. Mosh uses SSP to synchronize a charactercell terminal emulator, maintaining terminal state at both client and server to predictively echo keystrokes. Our evaluation analyzed keystroke traces from six different users covering a period of 40 hours of real-world usage. Mosh was able to immediately display the effects of 70% of the user keystrokes. Over a commercial EV-DO (3G) network, median keystroke response latency with Mosh was less than 5 ms, compared with 503 ms for SSH. Mosh is free software, available from http://mosh.mit.edu. It was downloaded more than 15,000 times in the first week of its release.
How Can Schools of Education Help to Build Educators’ Capacity to Use Data? A Systemic View of the Issue:

BackgroundWith the growing emphasis for educators to use data to inform their practice, little has been done to consider the means by which the educators can acquire the requisite data literacy ski...
Comparative aspects of lipid digestion and absorption: physiological correlates of wax ester digestion

Our understanding of lipid digestion and absorption is largely derived from studies with glyceride-based dietary lipids. Yet for a great majority of marine species, wax esters (long-chain fatty alc...
Evaluation of Glucose Determinations in Untreated Serum Samples

Serum without the use of an antiglycolytic agent is inadequate for glucose determinations unless the delay between collection and processing is minimum. Fluoride-treated samples should be used when delay of an hour or more is unavoidable.
The future of post production

Traditional production methods face change both from the downward pressure on budgets and the increasing ability of desktop systems. Is, as some have predicted, the future for post really as a cottage industry, with producers and editors working in numerous stand-alone suites? Or will, perhaps the increasing bandwidth available from the telcos enable all these individual suites to be connected as if in a super facility? Either way, conventional broadcast structures and facility companies look doomed. Yet the above scenario ignores the opportunities offered by new technology to the existing production facilities that allow their knowledge and tradecraft to be applied more efficiently than at present. Opportunities that will allow facilities to meet the demands of lower production budgets without fragmenting resources or ignoring quality issues. This paper examines how conventional broadcast facilities can adapt to change by using new technology to their benefit and offering services that simply will not be available on the desktop. The paper will conclude that the future is not necessarily on the desktop and will detail the many advantages of ensuring the future for post is not as a cottage industry.