cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking Local Perceptions to the Biophysical and Amenity Contexts of Forest Disturbance in Colorado

Disturbances by insects have considerable effect on the heterogeneity of forested landscapes in North America. Responding to calls for bringing human dimensions of landscape disturbance and heterogeneity into ecological assessments and management strategies, this paper explores linkages between biophysical, socioeconomic, and perceptual aspects of a mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in north central Colorado. Findings are presented from surveys conducted with residents of nine Colorado communities and variations in local perceptions of MPB risks and forest management attitudes are compared to indices of tree mortality and amenity characteristics. Findings suggest respondents from lower amenity communities with more recent emphasis on resource extraction and higher tree mortality had significantly higher risk perceptions of some MPB impacts, lower trust in federal forest management, and higher faith in forest industry and specific industry options than those from higher amenity communities with less tree mortality. While not implying these contextual influences fully explain such perceptual dimensions, this paper explores possible implications of heterogeneity across human landscapes for improving the saliency and efficiency of regional forest management and planning.
Intrathymic tolerance in the Lewis-to-F344 chronic cardiac allograft rejection model.

Successful induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness by intrathymic inoculation of alloantigen in several experimental acute rejection models has led us to hypothesize that similar immune manipulations can prevent chronic rejection and development of graft arteriosclerosis in the Lewis-to-F344 rat chronic cardiac allograft rejection model. Recipient F344 rats were treated with donor (Lewis) splenocytes by intrathymic injection (i.t.) alone (10x10 6 cells/lobe) ; with donor splenocytes i.t. plus a one-time dose of ALS (1 mg) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) ; or with ALS i.p. (1 mg) alone 2 and 6 weeks prior to heterotopic Lewis heart transplantation. Control F344 recipients received saline i.t. Allografts were monitored by daily palpation, and long-term surviving grafts were harvested on day 90 for histopathologic analysis. Control allografts had 28.6% long-term survival (>90 days) with mean graft survival of 46.7±12.2 days. At day 90 the surviving control allografts were enlarged and fibrotic with barely palpable heartbeat (mean heartbeat grade 0.29±0,18), and histologically showed diffuse moderate mononuclear cell infiltrates and advanced graft arteriosclerosis (mean vessel score 3.57±0,10 and 89±1% vessels diseased). Recipient treatment with intrathymic donor splenocytes alone significantly prolonged graft survival (89% long-term survival ; mean 83.8±6.2 days, P<0.04), but did not significantly inhibit the development of graft arteriosclerosis (score 2.98±0.53 and 79±8% diseased, P=NS). By contrast, treatment with i.t. donor splenocytes plus ALS 2 weeks prior to transplantation prolonged graft survival (100% long-term ; mean 90.0±0.0 days, P<0.04), and markedly inhibited graft arteriosclerosis (score 0.80±0.14, P<0.05 ; 27±4% diseased, P< 0.05). ALS alone given two weeks prior to transplantation also prolonged graft survival (100% long-term ; mean 90.0±0.0 days, P<0.04), and inhibited graft arteriosclerosis (score 0.89±0.31, P<0.05 ; 25±7% diseased, P<0.05). However, when ALS was given 6 weeks prior to heart transplantation the beneficial effect of ALS alone was abolished, suggesting that lymphocyte depletion may have been responsible for the observed effects when ALS was administered at 2 weeks. Interestingly, intrathymic donor splenocytes plus ALS given 6 weeks prior to transplantation, on the other hand, showed significant prolongation of allograft survival (100% long-term, mean 90.0±0.0 days, P<0.04), and inhibited graft arteriosclerosis (score 0.41±0.02, P<0.05 ; 16±2% diseased, P<0.05). Our results indicate the importance of the cell-mediated immune response in initiating and mediating development of chronic rejection and graft arteriosclerosis, and suggest that strategies aimed at induction of tolerance may be effective in their prevention.
The Policy Machine: A novel architecture and framework for access control policy specification and enforcement

The ability to control access to sensitive data in accordance with policy is perhaps the most fundamental security requirement. Despite over four decades of security research, the limited ability for existing access control mechanisms to generically enforce policy persists. While researchers, practitioners and policy makers have specified a large variety of access control policies to address real-world security issues, only a relatively small subset of these policies can be enforced through off-the-shelf technology, and even a smaller subset can be enforced by any one mechanism. In this paper, we propose an access control framework, referred to as the Policy Machine (PM) that fundamentally changes the way policy is expressed and enforced. Employing PM helps in building high assurance enforcement mechanisms in three respects. First, only a relatively small piece of the overall access control mechanism needs to be included in the host system (e.g., an operating system or application). This significantly reduces the amount of code that needs to be trusted. Second, it is possible to enforce the precise policies of resource owners, without compromise on enforcement or resorting to less effective administrative procedures. Third, the PM is capable of generically imposing confinement constraints that can be used to prevent leakage of information to unauthorized principals within the context of a variety of policies to include the commonly implemented Discretionary Access Control and Role-Based Access Control models.
Tunnel injection transit-time diodes for W-band power generation

GaAs p(+ +)n(+)n(-)n(+) single-drift tunnel injection transit-time (TUNNETT) diodes for W-band operation have been successfully designed and tested. An output power of 32 mW at 93.5 GHz with a dc to RF conversion efficiency of 2.6 percent was obtained. The oscillations have a clean spectrum in a conventional waveguide cavity.
Modified Ritz vector approach for dynamic properties of electrical cabinets and control panels

Abstract Often, the simple methods used for evaluating incabinet spectra needed in the seismic qualification of safety related electrical instruments ignore the dynamic characteristics of the electrical control panels and cabinets. Gupta et al. (Nucl. Eng. Des. 190 (1999a) 255) developed a Ritz vector approach for evaluating the dynamic properties of the cabinets and the incabinet spectra. This approach is based on the conclusions drawn from detailed finite element analyses of several cabinets. In the present paper, we illustrate the limitations of the originally proposed Ritz vector approach that were encountered during subsequent applications to actual cabinets. Modifications to the originally proposed formulations are presented and their accuracy evaluated by comparison of results for actual cabinets with the corresponding results obtained from finite element analyses. The modified Ritz vector approach can account for actual rotational constraints imparted by supporting structural members such as stiffeners. It can also be applied to bench board type cabinets in which instruments are mounted on plates or frames that are inclined to the global axes as well as to frames in which parallel frame members can vibrate in different vibration shapes due to differences in boundary conditions and non-uniform mass distribution.
Industry momentum strategies and autocorrelations in stock returns

Abstract In this study, we examine the sources of profits to momentum strategies of buying past winner industry portfolios and selling short past loser industry portfolios. We decompose the profit into (1) own-autocovariances in industry portfolio returns, (2) cross-autocovariances among industry portfolio returns, and (3) cross-sectional dispersion in mean portfolio returns. Our empirical results show that the industry momentum effect is mainly driven by the own-autocorrelation in industry portfolio returns, not by return cross-autocorrelations or by cross-sectional differences in mean returns. Indeed, the industry momentum strategy generates statistically significant profits only when own-autocorrelations are positive and statistically significant. The evidence is consistent with several behavioral models (e.g. Journal of Financial Economics 45 (1998) 307; Journal of Finance 53 (1998) 1839; Journal of Finance 54 (1999) 2143) that suggest positive own-autocorrelations in stock returns and hence the price momentum.
Need for Cognition and the Perception of Ongoing Behavior

A study tested the hypothesis that individual differences in people's concern, for information or in their information-seeking tendencies should exert a systematic influence on how they unitize ongoing behavior into meaningful actions. Subjects high and low in the need for cognition were instructed to unitize a videotaped behavior sequence into whatever actions seemed natural and meaningful to them. Following the videotape presentation, a measure of free recall for the action-related details of the sequence was administered. As expected, individuals who were presumably inclined to want to understand and to deliberate about their environment (i.e., were high in need for cognition) unitized the behavior sequence into more actions and subsequently recalled more action-related details from the sequence than individuals who were not so inclined (i. e., were low in need for cognition). This pattern of results provides further support for the assumption that the unitization process funclions to regulate informat...
Synthesis and Characterization of Radical Cation Salts Derived from Tetraselenafulvalene and Bis(Ethy1enedithio)tetraselenafulvalene

Abstract New synthetic routes to bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) were explored, starting from tetraselenafulvalene (TSF). Several radical cation salts of TSF and BETS were prepared by electrocrystallization. A new kappa phase salt of BETS, K-(BETS)2GaCl4, displayed an interesting resistance-temperature profile from 300-35K.
Prophylactic administration of antibiotics compromises reticuloendothelial system function and exacerbates shock mortality in rats.

The effects of short-term (3 days) administration of three different antimicrobial agents (i.e., kanamycin, cephalothin and polymyxin B) on reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function and mortality after bowel ischaemic shock was studied in intact rats. All three antibiotics significantly depressed RES phagocytic function and exacerbated mortality after shock. The degree of antibiotic-induced inhibition of RES function seemed to parallel the antimicrobial effects on shock mortality; the greater the degree of RES inhibition, the greater the degree of exacerbation of shock mortality. In view of such findings, caution should be exercised in administering antibiotics prophylactically to patients and animals.
An Introduction to VitalS

VitalS is a system or methodology for evaluating the health or state of a variety of systems. Important or critical components of a system are identified and assigned weights based on how critical they are. Data are collected for each of these parameters, and the resulting data are analyzed using the VitalS to produce an indication of the system’s health or state. Component problems are readily identified using this technique. Various examples of VitalS are given in this paper. Examples included are medical, automobile, and avionic systems. The discussions includes introduction, utility and application of VitalS.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Nucleotide conformations in codon-anticodon interactions.

Abstract The amount of distortion required of the sugar-phosphate backbone in RNA double-helices to accommodate various non-standard base pairs was examined by means of a linked-atom least-squares computer program. Compressive pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairs were found to entail more strain than the extensive adenine-hypoxanthine pair, as predicted by the wobble hypothesis. Purine-pyrimidine pairs involving guanine and uracil also require little torsional strain, indicating the acceptability of such pairings in hairpin stems as well as in codon-anticodon bindings.
High-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the pediatric bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is extremely rare in the first decade of life. We present the case of a 5-year-old male with gross hematuria found to have high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge this is the first such reported case in this age group.
Symptoms of anxiety disorders in normal children.

Abstract The present study examined prevalence, expression, and developmental patterns of DSM-III-R anxiety disorder symptoms in 62 never-psychiatrically-ill children. Subclinical phobias and overanxious disorder symptoms were fairly common, while symptoms of other anxiety disorders were less common. Direction of sex and age differences was generally consistent with previous literature, but few reached statistical significance. Nonanxious and subclinically anxious subsamples of never-psychiatrically-ill subjects were compared on individual and family psychopathology. Subclinically anxious children showed greater individual and family psychopathology than nonanxious children, though differences decreased at 12-month follow-up. Anxiety as a normal developmental phenomenon is discussed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1990, 29, 5:759–765.
Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland. Case report with ultrastructural observations

A case of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland is reported. The tumor was studied by electron microscopy, and fine structural features included numerous desmosomes, large secretory granules, and replication of the basal lamina. Myoepithelial cells were not observed. The observations support the view that the tumor is monomorphic and that it arises from serous cells of the acini or intercalated ducts. The tumor may be the benign homolog of the adenoid cystic carcinoma.
The Coal of El Cerrejón: Dependent Bargaining and Colombian Policy-Making

In September 1980 the Colombian government made an agreement with an Exxon subsidiary for the development of the coal of the northern section of the El Cerrejon region, thus entering into one of the largest joint ventures with a transnational enterprise in the history of Latin America. In May 1981 the government awarded coal-development rights in central El Cerrejon to a Spanish-Colombian consortium. This book is an analysis of the decisions that led to the two contracts and of the bargaining of an oil-importing developing country with transnational enterprises (TNEs) over a previously unexploited resource during the energy crisis. Combining the literature on dependencia and that on bargaining between developing countries and TNE's, this book advances a "dependent bargaining" hypothesis. It finds that there was a continuum of Colombian policy makers, from the "Nationalist" who favored energy development with no TNE involvement, to the "Reactionary" who was willing to agree to any energy development proposed by the foreign companies. Between those two extremes were numerous varieties of dependent bargainers who accepted the constraints of dependency and TNE participation in energy contracts as givens, but who used their political and technical abilities to obtain what they perceived as the best deal available to the country. After a general introduction, the book investigates the Colombian context for policy making, presenting the patterns that had developed by 1970. It then considers the El Cerrejon decisions made between 1970 and 1981, giving historical detail and analyzing the evolution of dependent bargaining over time. Finally, it presents conclusions dealing with the variety of dependent bargainers and offering an explanation of the variation; a comparison of the El Cerrejon cases with similar decisions in other developing countries; and the prospects for future Colombian bargaining, in the light of the El Cerrejon decisions. The Coal of El Cerrejon shows that matters such as coal development in Third World countries are not completely determined by international forces, but rather that much of the credit for beneficial contracts-and the blame for prejudicial ones-rightly is deserved by the political elites of the countries.
A Hydrological Approach to Control Acid Mine Pollution for Lake Hope

Acid mine drainage is a serious problem in the Appalachian region. Coal mining has disturbed the natural ground flow system. The mines are continuously being flushed by this disturbed flow system and producing enormous quantity of sulphuric acid. A study of McDaniel Mine has revealed that the flow is lateral and clay layers under the coal do not allow it to leak into the underlying aquifer. A study of water well logs within 10 miles of Todd Mine revealed the existence of three separate aquifers. A pilot plan for Todd Mine is proposed to discharge the uncontaminated water from the upper aquifer to the lower aquifer under the concept of “weeping wells.” The acid discharge from the mine may be stopped. The extension of this scheme may solve the serious problem of pollution of Lake Hope. The concept may further be extended to other areas of the Appalachian region to control acid mine pollution.
Integrated intensities of N2, CO2, and SF6 vibrational bands from 1800 to 5000 cm-1 as a function of density and temperature

Author Institution: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road
The not-so-distant future: Composition studies in the culture of biotechnology

Abstract As composition studies came to terms with technologized classrooms in the late 20th century, another field of science, biotechnology, also came into maturation. Here I address how biotechnology is poised to dramatically change our cultural landscape in the coming decades, fusing communication tools made possible through electronic technology with molecular-level knowledge of our genetic structure and our evolutionary past. Because biotechnological research is discovering the codes our bodies use to communicate and may eventually merge biological processes with information technology, it is important to interrogate how biotechnology will impact writing, teaching, technology, and even humanity. I analyze parallels in biotechnology as they have occurred in the past 20 years in tandem with special issues published in Computers and Composition to suggest past, current, and future connections between biotechnology and the work of computers and writing.
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH PRESCHOOL PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN AND COLLATERAL GROUP THERAPY OF THEIR PARENTS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE FIRST TWO YEARS.

A group approach in the treatment of preschool-aged psychotic children is reported. Autism is a defense against loss of the symbiotic partner. The group of children penetrates this defense and forms a “group ego,” which constitutes one pole of a new therapeutic symbiosis from which separation-individuation can occur.
Deactivation of the vibration during the collision of two diatomic molecules

Die Ubergangsrate von Vibrations- in translatorische Energie wahrend des Zusammenstoses zweier Molekule ist in fruheren Untersuchungen berechnet worden. Die Molekule wurden durch „atmende“ Kugeln angenahert und durch einen „sterischen“ Faktor charakterisiert. Durch Berucksichtigung des gleichzeitigen Ubergangs in alle moglichen Rotationszustande wird der „sterische“ Faktor in dieser Arbeit berechnet.
The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans.

Pathogen exit is a key stage in the spread and propagation of infectious disease, with the fecal-oral route being a common mode of disease transmission. However, it is poorly understood which molecular pathways provide the major modes for intracellular pathogen exit and fecal-oral transmission in vivo. Here, we use the transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate intestinal cell exit and fecal-oral transmission by the natural intracellular pathogen Nematocida parisii, which is a recently identified species of microsporidia. We show that N. parisii exits from polarized host intestinal cells by co-opting the host vesicle trafficking system and escaping into the lumen. Using a genetic screen, we identified components of the host endocytic recycling pathway that are required for N. parisii spore exit via exocytosis. In particular, we show that the small GTPase RAB-11 localizes to apical spores, is required for spore-containing compartments to fuse with the apical plasma membrane, and is required for spore exit. In addition, we find that RAB-11–deficient animals exhibit impaired contagiousness, supporting an in vivo role for this host trafficking factor in microsporidia disease transmission. Altogether, these findings provide an in vivo example of the major mode of exit used by a natural pathogen for disease spread via fecal-oral transmission.
Public-Regardingness as a Value Premise in Voting Behavior.

Our concern here is with the nature of the individual's attachment to the body politic and, more particularly, with the value premises underlying the choices made by certain classes of voters. Our hypothesis is that some classes of voters (provisionally defined as “subcultures” constituted on ethnic and income lines) are more disposed than others to rest their choices on some conception of “the public interest” or the “welfare of the community.” To say the same thing in another way, the voting behavior of some classes tends to be more public-regarding and less private- (self- or family-) regarding than that of others. To test this hypothesis it is necessary to examine voting behavior in situations where one can say that a certain vote could not have been private-regarding. Local bond and other expenditure referenda present such situations: it is sometimes possible to say that a vote in favor of a particular expenditure proposal is incompatible with a certain voter's self-interest narrowly conceived. If the voter nevertheless casts such a vote and if there is evidence that his vote was not in some sense irrational or accidental, then it must be presumed that his action was based on some conception of “the public interest.”
Decay of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous turbulence before the final period

Abstract A previous analysis of homogeneous turbulence for times before the final period has been extended to the case of temperature fluctuations in a homogeneous turbulence. The method consists essentially of the solution of the 2- and 3-point Fourier-transformed temperature equations after neglecting the fourth-order correlations in comparison with the second- and third-order correlations. Results are obtained for the convective transfer function, the spectral “energy” function and the total temperature fluctuation “energy”. Comparison is made between the analysis and published experimental data obtained using air. The decay law obtained may be written T 2 = A(t − t 0 ) − 3 2 + B(t − t 0 ) −5 where T 2 is the total “energy” (the mean square of the temperature fluctuations), t is the time and A and t0 are constants determined by the initial conditions. The constant B depends on both initial conditions and the fluid Prandtl number. For large times the last term becomes negligible, leaving the − 3 2 power decay law for the final period previously found by Corrsin. It is shown that the effect of increasing Prandtl number is to extend the spectral “energy” function to larger wave numbers and to reduce the rate of decay of the temperature fluctuations.
In situ mobilization of colloids and transport of cesium in Hanford sediments.

Radioactive waste, accumulated during Pu production, has leaked into the subsurface from underground storage tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford site. The leaking solutions contained 137Cs and were of high ionic strength. Such a tank leak was simulated experimentally in steady-state flow experiments with packed Hanford sediments. The initial leak was simulated by a 1 M NaNO3 solution, followed by a decrease of ionic strength to 1 mM NaNO3. Cesium breakthrough curves were determined in both 1 M and 1 mM NaNO3 background. Colloidal particles were mobilized during the change of ionic strength. Mobilized colloids consisted mainly of quartz, mica, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite. Electrophoretic mobilities of colloids in the eluent solution were −3(μm/s)(V/cm) and increased to less negative values during later stages of mobilization. Mobilized colloids carried a fraction of the cesium along. While transport of cesium in 1 M NaNO3 background was much faster than in 1 mM NaNO3, cesium attached to co...
Measurement and calculation of heterogeneity correction factors for an Ir-192 high dose-rate brachytherapy source behind tungsten alloy and steel shields

Shields made of high atomic number material are commonly used in vaginal applicators with high dose-rate (HDR) 192Ir remotely afterloaded brachytherapy sources. However little data is available for the dose distribution around such shields. Heterogeneity correction factors (HCFs) are defined as the ratio of the dose to a point with the heterogeneity (shield) in place, divided by the dose to the same point with no heterogeneity. Using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in solid water phantom we have measured the HCFs behind 6 and 20 mm diam tungsten alloy disks, 4 and 2 mm thick and a 4 mm thick steel disk, positioned 15 mm from the source. For each measurement point, the heterogeneity correction factors were also inferred from Monte Carlo simulations, which accurately modeled the experimental geometry. The agreement between measured and calculated HCFs on the average was within 6%. Tungsten alloy disks resulted in about two times greater dose reduction in water (HCF approximately 0.4, for 20 x 4 mm disk) than for a steel disk with the same dimensions (HCF approximately 0.85). Reducing the disk diameter to 6 mm increased the dose transmission up to about 25%. Increasing the source-to-detector distance from 4 to 7 cm caused a change in HCF from 2% to more than 20%, depending on disk material and diameter. The detector artifact effects arising from the finite size and different composition of the TLD chips were determined.
Diagnostic utility of CDX-2 expression in separating metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma from other metastatic adenocarcinoma in fine-needle aspiration cytology using cell blocks†

BACKGROUND CDX-2 gene is a transcription factor that is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies have shown that CDX-2 could be used as an immunohistochemical marker to differentiate metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma from other metastatic adenocarcinomas in surgical pathology. The objective of the current study was to investigate the diagnostic value of CDX-2 to separate metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma from other metastatic adenocarcinomas in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). METHODS Sixty-two FNAC specimens of metastatic adenocarcinomas with corresponding cell blocks were retrieved from the hospital computer system. There were 22 specimens of metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 20 specimens of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and 20 specimens of metastatic adenocarcinomas from other sites, including 10 from the breast, 3 from the ovaries, 4 from the pancreas, and 3 from the prostate. Radiology and histologic evaluation confirmed all cases. Sections were immunostained for CDX-2 and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) using a heat-induced epitope retrieval technique. RESULTS In metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, CDX-2 demonstrated positive nuclear staining in 19 of 22 specimens (86%). Other specimens of metastatic adenocarcinoma were negative for CDX-2. TTF-1 expression was detected in 0%, 80%, and 0% of metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and other adenocarcinoma specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that CDX-2 is a sensitive and a specific marker to separate metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma from other metastatic adenocarcinomas in FNAC specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Cruciate reconstruction using freeze dried anterior cruciate ligament allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD): An experimental study in a goat model

One ACL in each of 11 mature goats was replaced with a freeze dried bone-ACL-bone allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD). The LAD was released from its tibial fixation at 3 months postoperation. Bio mechanical, microvascular, and histological changes were evaluated 1 year following implantation. The re constructed knees had a significantly greater total AP translation (3.1 ± 0.5 mm) (mean and SEM) than the contralateral controls (1.0 ± 0.1 mm). Differences in primary AP translation were responsible for 59% of the difference in total translation, with only a 0.6 mm differ ence in secondary translation. Neutral stiffness in the reconstructive knee was 22% of control, while stiffness at 30 N of anterior force was approximately 35% of controls. Ligament stiffness in the linear region for the ACL allograft/LAD was 53% of the control value of 691 N/mm. The maximum load of the allograft/LADs was 1,052 ± 145 N, or 43% of the contralateral ACL control strength (2,448 ± 144 N). Five of the six allograft...
Developmental expression of the murine spliceosome‐associated protein mSAP49

We have isolated the mouse homologue of human spliceosome-associated protein SAP49, mSAP49. mSAP49 contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) in the N terminus of the predicted amino acid sequence, and a highly basic C terminus rich in glycine/proline. mSAP49 displayed a plastic of expression in cardiac development. In the adult mouse, mSAP49 is widely distributed, although it was found at relatively lower levels in the heart. In situ hybridization analysis of mSAP49 mRNA distribution in staged mouse embryos showed that mSAP49 onset occurs later in the heart than in other embryonic tissues. While mSAP49 expression was found at day 10.0 postconception (pc) in the optic eminence, optic vesicle, hindbrain, and somites, it was not in cardiac structures. mSAP49 was detected in the ventricles at day 11.5, and at day 13.5 it was also detected in the atria. Northern analysis showed that mSAP49 mRNA displayed a peak of expression in the heart at days 14.0–15.0 pc, and its abundance decayed in the adult. This dynamic pattern of cardiac expression suggests that mSAP49 may be contributing to a change in the ratio of spliceosome components during cardiac growth and development, which may have consequences for tissue-specific splicing, RNA stabilization, or translation. Dev. Dyn. 208:482–490, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Portable scalable architecture for model-based FLIR ATR and SAR/FLIR fusion

For an on-board automatic target recognition (ATR) system to be useful to the crew of a military platform, the ATR must reduce the mission risk or increase its lethality. This utility may be increased by shortening the operator's time to interrogate possible threat targets or by enabling weapon deployment at a greater range. Obstacles to deployment of ATRs have included an excess of false cues and difficulty in adapting developmental configurations to processing architectures that can operate in the required environmental conditions without serious performance degradation. We present a real-time FLIR ATR software architecture that is scaleable across multiple processors and readily portable to a number of hardware platforms. Fusion with cues from an on- or off-board synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides a significant reduction in the amount of processing required to classify targets while simultaneously increasing the confidence in each target hypothesis. The FLIR ATR and fusion are implemented on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors that are available in ruggedized versions, and the software is constructed to allow portability to other processor families without major disturbance to those parts of the code that embody the algorithm content.
Versatile monazite: Resolving geological records and solving challenges in materials science

Monazite is ubiquitous in the geological realm (Overstreet 1967). Its compositional and isotopic response to changes in intensive and extensive rock parameters has made it an increasingly important component of integrated pressure-temperature-deformation-composition-time ( P-T-D-X-t ) studies, particularly in complex poly-metamorphic terranes (Janots et al. 2012; Kelly et al. 2012; Langille et al. 2012). The utility of monazite also includes its role in understanding igneous, sedimentary, and hydrothermal systems (Dumond et al. 2008; Mahan et al. 2010; Aleinikoff et al. 2012), and more recently, as a means for examining repositories of radioactive waste (Oelkers and Montel 2008). Since the broader potential applications of monazite as a geochronometer were described by Parrish (1990), several significant developments have since occurred that allow for the routine compositional and isotopic analysis of monazite by a variety of techniques. These include technological advances in electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA: Suzuki and Adachi 1991; Montel et al. 1996; Pyle …
Occurrence of tri-n-butyltin-caused imposex in the North Pacific marine snail Nucella lima in Auke Bay, Alaska

Like female dog whelks (Nucella lapillus) in the Atlantic Ocean, females of the Pacific gastropod N. lima respond to low concentrations of tri-n-butyltin (TBT) by growing a penis and vas deferens. This condition, termed imposex, was found to occur in N. lima collected from August 1987 to May 1988 along a TBT pollution gradient associated with a marina in Auke Bay, Alaska. The suite of symptoms characteristic of imposex in N. lima was slightly different than in N. lapillus. Imposex, as measured by relative penis size (RPS) of females to males, increased from 0.0 to 34.27 along this gradient and as measured by vas deferens sequenceindex (VDS) increased similarly from 0.0 to 4.29. Concentrations of TBT in N. lima increased from below detection limits (about 0.010 μg Sn g-1 dry tissue wt) to 0.065 μg Sn g-1 dry tissue wt along the gradient. The gradient was determined by measuring TBT in whole-body tissues of bay mussels (Mytilus edulis). Concentrations of TBT in mussels increased from below detection limits to 0.833 μg Sn g-1 dry tissue wt in mussels from within the marina that was the major local source of TBT. Imposex, tissue TBT burden, and position along a TBT pollution gradient are significantly correlated (P<0.01) in N. lima. TBT was tested as a causative agent for imposex by exposing snails at a distant control site to TBT paint. After 1 mo exposure, 33% of the females grew a penis ranging in size from 0.2 to 0.8 mm. Our results generally corroborate those found for N. lapillus and indicate that imposex in N. lima is caused by environmental TBT exposure. We suggest that the RPS in the genus Nucella may be useful in monitoring TBT in coastal waters worldwide.
Single crystal, liquid crystal, and hybrid organic semiconductors

The synthesis and characterization of organic semiconductors is being pursued in three primary structure formats: single crystal, liquid crystal and organic-inorganic hybrid. The strategy here is to share common structures, synthesis methods and fabrication techniques across these formats and to utilize common characterization tools such as the time of flight technique. The single crystal efforts concentrate on aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds including simple benzene derivatives and derivatives of the acenes. The structure-property relationships due to incorporation of small substituents and heteroatoms are being examined. Crystals are grown by solution, melt or vapor transport techniques. The liquid crystal studies exploit their self-organizing properties and relative ease of sample preparation. Though calamitic systems tha deliver the largest mobilities are higher order smectics, even some unusual twist grain boundary phases are being studied. We are attempting to synthesize discotic acene derivatives with appropriate substitution patterns to render them mesogenic. The last format being examined is the hybrid organic-inorganic class. Here, layered materials of alternating organic and inorganic composition are designed and synthesized. Typical materials are conjugated aromatic compounds, usually functinalized with an amine or a pyridine and reacted with appropriate reactive metal derivatives to incorporate them into metal oxide or sulfide layers.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Outcome measures to evaluate new technology for tonsillectomy: preliminary experience with Coblation

Evaluating the benefits of new surgical technologies does not end with the observation of successful instrument-to- tissue interaction. The impact of new technologies in medicine today is also gauged by improvements in patients' daily activities and performance. We present our outcomes assessment tool for judging the value of applying a novel tonsillectomy technique, plasma- mediated ablation using Coblation technology. Plasma- mediated ablation (PMA) achieves soft tissue resection in the oropharynx by energizing protons to break bonds. Less heat is released, allowing for less thermal injury, and possibly less pain, than with tonsillectomy performed using electrocautery alone. Children undergoing tonsillectomy by PMA, were evaluated using our outcomes-based scale, which asked families to report the degree of interruption of normal activities for the patient and their family during the post-tonsillectomy recovery period. A preliminary review of several outcomes assessments exemplify the benefits and limitations of this tool. The tracking of valuable data is weighed against the limitations of a short time course relative to the duration of disability, and a poor response rate. Future work aims to improve this data collection tool to allow application to other new technologies in otolaryngology.
The E4-6/7 Protein Functionally Compensates for the Loss of E1A Expression in Adenovirus Infection

The E1A gene products are required and sufficient for activation of adenovirus gene expression in cultured cells. The E4-6/7 gene product induces the binding of the cellular transcription factor E2F to the viral E2a promoter region. The induction of E2F binding to the E2a promoter in vitro is directly correlated with transcriptional activation of the E2a promoter in vivo. The E2 region encodes the viral replication proteins, yet adenoviruses lacking E4-6/7 function demonstrate no defective phenotype in infected cells. Here we show that the E4-6/7 protein can functionally compensate for E1A expression in virus infection. In the absence of the E1A gene products, expression of the E4-6/7 protein is sufficient to displace retinoblastoma protein family members from E2Fs, activate expression of early region 2 via induction of E2F DNA binding to the E2a promoter region, and significantly enhance replication of an E1A-defective adenovirus. These results have implications in the regulation of viral gene expression and for the development of recombinant adenovirus vectors.
Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information.

Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted body image and are frequently co-morbid with each other, although their relationship remains little studied. While there is evidence of abnormalities in visual and visuospatial processing in both disorders, no study has directly compared the two. We used two complementary modalities – event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – to test for abnormal activity associated with early visual signaling. Method We acquired fMRI and ERP data in separate sessions from 15 unmedicated individuals in each of three groups (weight-restored AN, BDD, and healthy controls) while they viewed images of faces and houses of different spatial frequencies. We used joint independent component analyses to compare activity in visual systems. Results AN and BDD groups demonstrated similar hypoactivity in early secondary visual processing regions and the dorsal visual stream when viewing low spatial frequency faces, linked to the N170 component, as well as in early secondary visual processing regions when viewing low spatial frequency houses, linked to the P100 component. Additionally, the BDD group exhibited hyperactivity in fusiform cortex when viewing high spatial frequency houses, linked to the N170 component. Greater activity in this component was associated with lower attractiveness ratings of faces. Conclusions Results provide preliminary evidence of similar abnormal spatiotemporal activation in AN and BDD for configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli. This suggests a common phenotype of abnormal early visual system functioning, which may contribute to perceptual distortions.
Relevance odds of retrieval overlaps from seven search fields

Abstract Data contained in a 1982 paper were analyzed in terms of relevance odds of common items retrieved by searching any two content-bearing search fields. While the 1982 study compared the relative retrieval performance of 7 search fields, the present study shows that duplicate documents retrieved by the use of terms from any two of the fields would have higher odds of being judged relevant than those retrieved by only one of the fields. Sixty-three relevance odds were computed using the log cross product technique. The highest relevance odds were associated with common items retrieved from assigned descriptors and from truncated free-text terms from either the title or abstract fields; their relevance odds were 19 to 2 in favor of overlaps. Overlap retrieval could be considered a strategy for high precision searching.
Subcellular distribution of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in mesophyll cells of barley and sorghum leaves☆

The subcellular distribution of acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA-carbon dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2] was determined in mesophyll protoplasts isolation from barley, a C3 plant, and sorghum, a C4 plant. In both species, all of the mesophyll acetyl-CoA carboxylase was demonstrated to be chloroplastic. In barley leaves and mesophyll protoplasts, a single biotinyl protein of 60,000 Da was identified by a modified Western-blotting procedure. The subcellular distribution of this biotinyl protein was identical to that found for acetyl-CoA carboxylase. These results are discussed in relation to the compartmentation of reactions requiring malonyl-CoA as a substrate.
Molecular cloning of mouse acetylcholinesterase: Tissue distribution of alternatively spliced mRNA species

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding acetylcholinesterase from mouse muscle and brain. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify cDNA clones from C2 myotubes encoding the entire open reading frame and large segments of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. The muscle cDNA clones were used to isolate clones from a brain library encoding the same mRNA species. The mouse clones encode a catalytic subunit containing a C-terminal sequence similar to that of the hydrophilic species of Torpedo. The mouse acetylcholinesterase sequence shares approximately 88% and 61% amino acid identity with bovine and Torpedo acetylcholinesterases, respectively, but only 52% identity with mouse butyrylcholinesterase, the sequence of which we have also deduced by molecular cloning. Northern blot and RNAase protection analyses indicate that the cDNA clones were derived from the acetylcholinesterase transcript that predominates in most expressing tissues. In contrast, erythroid cells are enriched in an mRNA species whose sequence diverges from that of the cDNA in the region encoding the C-terminus of the enzyme.
Acute binge alcohol administration reverses sleep-wake cycle in Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: Binge alcohol drinking is among the most common pattern of alcohol consumption in our society. Binge alcohol consumption has serious negative consequence on mental and physical health. Although alcohol consumption is known to have profound impact on sleep, it is yet unknown as to how binge alcohol affects/alters sleep-wakefulness. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acute binge alcohol administration on sleep-wakefulness. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Under standard aseptic surgical conditions, rats (N = 7) were implanted with sleep-recording electrodes. After postoperative recovery and habituation, baseline sleep-wakefulness was recorded. Subsequently, rats were exposed to binge alcohol treatment as follows: One hour before light onset, a priming dose of 5 g/kg of alcohol was administered followed by 2 subsequent doses (adjusted based on the intoxication level of the rat) approximately 8 hours apart. Sleep-wakefulness was continuously recorded for 3 days post-binge. Results: Acute binge alcohol administration had no significant effect on sleep-wakefulness on postbinge Day 1. However, on post-binge Day 2, after blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 0, sleep disruptions were observed manifested by a reversal of sleep-wakefulness as evident from insomnia-like symptoms (significant increase in wakefulness; significant reduction in nonrapid eye movement [NREM] sleep) during the normal sleep (light) period and excessive sleep (significant increase in NREM sleep) during the normal active (dark) period similar to excessive daytime sleepiness in humans. All sleep-wakefulness changes were normalized on Day 3 post-binge. Conclusions: Alcohol hangover is defined as the presence of unpleasant symptoms that peak when BAC is 0. Our results suggest that the reversal of sleep-wakefulness accompanies alcohol hangover after binge alcohol administration.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Ochratoxin A Extraction and Analysis

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are considered as polymeric materials that mimic the functionality of antibodies. MIPs have been utilized for a wide variety of applications in chromatography, solid phase extraction, immunoassays, and sensor recognition. In this article, recent advances of MIPs for the extraction and analysis of ochratoxins are discussed. Selection of functional monomers to bind ochratoxin A (OTA) with high affinities, optimization of extraction procedures, and limitations of MIPs are compared from different reports. The most relevant examples in the literature are described to clearly show how useful these materials are. Strategies on MIP preparation and schemes of analytical methods are also reviewed in order to suggest the next step that would make better use of MIPs in the field of ochratoxin research. The review ends by outlining the remaining issues and impediments.