cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design And Calibration Of A Two-Channel Low Noise Heterodyne Receiver At 10.6 Microns

A dual channel, low noise heterodyne receiver has been constructed for Thomson scattering from alpha particles in a burning plasma experiment. A real time calibration method has been devised which references the integrated system noise to a blackbody source. Two wideband (>1GHz) HgCdTe photovoltaic mixers yield a double sideband system noise equivalent power of less than 1.5 x 10-20 W/Hz.
Location and properties of pyrophosphate-binding sites in Escherichia coli F1-ATPase.

Abstract Binding of pyrophosphate (PPi) to the three catalytic (“C”) and three noncatalytic (“NC”) nucleotide sites of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using mutant enzymes with tryptophan inserted specifically in either C sites (βY331W) or NC sites (αR365W). Fluorescence of the tryptophan is quenched on binding of nucleotide; PPi binding parameters were determined by competition with ATP or adenyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate. It was found that MgPPi binds to each NC site with Kd = 20 μM. In contrast, even at millimolar concentration, neither MgPPi nor free PPi showed significant binding to C sites. We confirmed that free PPi displaces nucleotide from C sites, but this was shown to be due to complexation of Mg2+ ions rather than to occupancy of the sites. MgPPi bound at NC sites was found not to affect ATP hydrolysis rates. From the data we propose a two-phase model for nucleotide binding at NC sites. In phase one, NC sites recognize the pyrophosphate “end” of the nucleotide, which binds initially with Kd similar to MgPPi; in phase two, a slow conformational change occurs which tightly sequesters adenine nucleotide. Phase two does not occur with guanine nucleotide. This model explains the preference of NC sites for adenine nucleotides. Pi (5 mM) did not bind to either C or NC sites.
Focusing on the human factor in environmental disasters

“When I wake up in the morning, I'm wondering, Is this going to be the day for the ‘aha,’ when leaders around the country will come to grips with the problems that are there in front of them and be responsive to the information they already have?” Gerald Galloway, an expert in water resource policy and civil engineering, said during a 16 January discussion about human factors in disasters. The discussion was part of the 13th National Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment, held in Washington, D. C.
Quality of alfalfa sprouts grown from irradiated seeds

Sprouts grown from nonirradiated alfalfa seeds and those irradiated at 1, 2, and 3 kGy were stored at 7C for 21 days. Sprout quality was measured initially and after 21 days storage. Compared with nonirradiated controls, sprouts grown from irradiated seeds had an increased vitamin C content and antioxidant activity measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay both initially and after 21 days. The vitamin C, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as well as antioxidant activity all decreased during storage. Levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid were similar in sprouts grown from irradiated and nonirradiated seeds both initially and after storage. Sprouts from irradiated seeds also had short roots compared with those from nonirradiated seeds.
Open-domain voice-activated question answering

Voice-Activated Question Answering (VAQA) systems represent the next generation capability for universal access by integrating state-of-the-art in question answering Q&A and automatic speech recognition (ASR) in such a way that the performance of the combined system is better than the individual components. This paper presents an implemented VAQA system and describes the techniques that enable the terative refinement of both Q&A and ASR. The results of our experiments show that spoken questions can be processed with surprising accuracy when using our VAQA implementation.
In vitro and in vivo nephrotoxicity of the L and D isomers of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-cysteine

The toxicity of the optical isomers S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (L-DCVC) and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-D-cysteine (D-DCVC) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies, utilizing a rabbit renal cortical slice system, demonstrated toxicity due to both forms with the L-form being more toxic. Dose- and time-dependent decreases in intracellular K+ and LDH were observed. Both compounds produced an initial S3 lesion, L-DCVC at 10(-5) M (12 h), D-DCVC at 10(-4) M (8 h), followed by a lesion encompassing all proximal tubules. In vivo studies demonstrated elevated blood urea nitrogen values at 24 and 48 h with 25 mg/kg of either isomer. Histopathology indicated both D and L-DCVC produced a straight proximal tubular lesion by 48 h, the lesion produced by L-DCVC being more severe. The D and L isomers of DCVC were both shown to be toxic, the toxicity assessed in vitro corresponded well with the toxicity in vivo.
Expertise in forecasting performance of security analysts

Abstract In this study of sell-side analysts’ forecasts, we explore the effects of analyst aptitude, learning-by-doing, and the internal environment of the brokerage house on forecast accuracy. Our results indicate that analysts’ aptitude and brokerage house characteristics are associated with forecast accuracy, while learning-by-doing is only associated with forecast accuracy when we do not control for analysts’ company-specific aptitude in forecasting. It is unlikely that this result is caused by measurement errors because it is robust when we use a sub-sample where we can accurately measure experience.
Existence of Two Soil Species in Detergency Investigations

ALTHOUGH a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the examination of detergency, little work has been done on rates of soil removal. Durham1 has commented on the need for kinetic studies in detergency research. We have examined the kinetics of detergency in a model circulation cleaning system. In this model system a detergent solution (0.03 M sodium hydroxide) is pumped from a 50-gallon tank through a short length of 1½-in. diam. pipe in a closed system. Test strips of stainless steel 3.6 cm × 32 cm are soiled on one side with a very thin, layer of pure synthetic tristearin labelled with carbon-14. The test strip is placed in the pipe, the detergent solution is pumped past the strip for a fixed time under closely controlled conditions after which the pipe is drained and the strip is removed. The amount of tristearin taken off the strip is found by measuring the radioactivity before and after each treatment. By means of repeated cleaning treatments on one strip, a cleaning curve is obtained.
Do autopsies of critically ill patients reveal important findings that were clinically undetected

ObjectiveTo determine if autopsies performed on patients who die in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) provide clinically important new information.DesignRetrospective review.SettingA 16-bed medical-coronary ICU.PatientsPatients who underwent autopsy during a 1-yr period.InterventionsPre mortem d
Invertase in Cell Walls of Plant Tissue Cultures.

In 1955 Ball (1) published a report in which he demonstrated that the growth of various tissue cultures upon media containing certain oligosaccharides resulted in the appearance of the hydrolysis products of these sugars in the medium. Ball speculated that the appearance of these hydrolysis products was due to the uptake of the oligosaccharide, hydrolysis within the tissue cells, and a subsequent release of the smaller molecules into the medium. Epp (8) reinvestigated certain aspects of this problem tutilizing tissue cultures derived from Cupressus funebris and a larger number of oligosaccharides. His findings were in general agreement with those of Ball. However, Epp obtained some preliminary evidence to indicate that the appearance in the medium of the hydrolysis products of some of the complex sugars was not necessarily the result of the mechanism proposed by Ball. Instead he hypothesized that the hydrolysis may be the result of carbohydrase activity either on the cell surface or in the medium itself because of the release of these enzymes by the tissue. Burstr6m (4, 5, 6) demonstrated that excised roots hydrolyze sucrose in liquid media. Street and Lowe (20) indicated that excised tomato roots take up the glucose moiety of sucrose by a phosphorylating reaction at the cell surface which results in the splitting of sucrose, an uptake of glucose probably as a phosphate ester, and a retention of fructose in the medium. Myrback and Willstaedt (13), among others, have shown that invertase is bound to the cell wall in yeast, most probably outside the plasma membrane. Putman and Hassid (16) produced evidence which strongly indicates that invertase is localized in the cell walls or interstices of the cell walls of leaves of Canna indica. More recently, Kivilaan, et al. (9) reported on the presence of several enzymes including invertase in cell wall preparations of corn coleoptiles. In the present report, evidence is produced to show the widespread occurrence of invertase in cell wall fractions of plant tissue cultures. Materials & Methods
Hybrid wireless mesh network deployment: a communication testbed for disaster scenarios

The application of a reliable communication infrastructure in emergency situations is the focus of this project. Communication and interoperability between different organizations of first responders has been a problem for a long time. There have been examples of failure in communication between different organizations at World Trade Center on 9/11: for example some of the police warnings were not heard by fire fighters that resulted in several lives lost. In most cases, network unavailability or incapability of coordination among networks causes much damage. A communication infrastructure has specific requirements to be widely deployable at emergency applications such as high reliability, robustness, interoperability with existing technologies, quick reconfiguration, and low cost. It must be able to operate in a highly distributed and infrastructure-less manner, quickly deployable, easy to reconfigure, and allocate network resources efficiently. We propose a Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network as a well-suited candidate capable of creating a communication infrastructure where the existing communication infrastructure is damaged or unavailable. This infrastructure has the ability to work in a heterogeneous environment where different technologies might be available as backhaul through multiple interface cards designed in Calit2's CalMesh boxes. In addition to the technical constraints in such a demanding environment, we must consider some of the sociological problems that arise when new technologies are introduced, including resistance to technology adoption, and designing new warning systems to utilize the new infrastructure, and concerns surrounding sharing information and privacy.In our research to date, we have deployed a HWMN made up of Calit2's interoperable CalMesh nodes at a full-scale crisis response drill organized by the San Diego Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST) in which we were able to collect network statistical data from the medical first responders' communication over the network we deployed.We are also developing our simulation results in cellular networks investigating different real scenarios that may occur at ground zero. We would like to extract mobility patterns and channel characterization from real world scenarios to integrate this simulation results with other transportation and evacuation simulators in order to allocate network resources more efficiently, and route traffic effectively to insure that cellular infrastructures are not overloaded so that broadcast warnings and messages are still received by evacuees.
Lanthanide Coordination Chemistry: Spectroscopic Properties of Terbium and Europium Poly(Pyrazol-1-YL)- and Poly(Imidazol-1-Yl)Borate Complexes

Abstract Complexes formed between poly(pyrazol-1-yl)- or poly(imidazol-1-yl)borate anions and triposilive cationsterbium or europium were examined by infrared, UV absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Tris- and trakis(heterocycle)borales yielded isostructural compounds with both lanthanides, but having a different olecular geometry than the bis(heterocycle)borate complexes. Electronic spectra indicate that the Poly(pyrazol-1-y])borate complexes emit from a ligand-to-metal (LMCT) charge transfer state. The free gands are UV transparent however, suggesting that the sensitizing chromophore responsible for emission created only upon complex formation. The poly(imidazol-1-yl)borate compounds exhibit a more implicated excited state profile, with emission apparently originating from both LMCT and intraligand ates.
ABRIENDO PUERTAS (OPENING DOORS) THROUGH WRITING

A Latina college professor describes the family history-writing project she uses in her reading/language arts teacher preparation course. The project provides opportunities for Spanish bilingual teacher candidates to gain greater understanding of their cultural selves and to consider ways to successfully deploy that new insight as teachers in their own classrooms. As a sample case, she presents that of a young gay Latino teacher candidate whose increased self-knowledge and insight allow for enhanced confidence and perspective in his role as a writer and future teacher. The case study explores how the family history-writing project impacts the teacher candidate's negotiation of sexual identity and the role of heritage language as he struggles to establish himself both as a teacher and an out gay man. Also examined are the features of this university classroom environment that provided him with the necessary safety and support to engage in his writing for real life purposes. Inferences are made on the trans...
Development and characterization of an automated flow system for voltammetric analysis

Abstract A flow system for voltammetric analysis is described and characterized. This system was designed so that sample manipulation and electrochemical experiments could be performed under automated control. The goal of this work is to expand the practical possibilities for elucidation of the electrochemical behavior of chemical systems. An auxiliary goal is to exploit the potential of flow systems combined with pulse voltammetry for chemical analysis. Once a system has been characterized systematically to establish optimal conditions, voltammograms may be subjected to kinetic analysis. The test system employed here is the reduction and anodic stripping of Pb(II). The accuracy of the sample delivery system was tested by producing calibration curves, which were linear over the range of 0–100% mixing, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The introduction of the sample by means of a sample injector was evaluated along with the effect of the carrier flow-rate on anodic stripping voltammograms. The optimum conditions of 1 ml min −1 carrier flow-rate and 150% carrier sweep volume of the loop were determined. Although the flow cell detector is of the wall jet style, the effect of flow-rate on anodic stripping currents is not that of wall jet behavior. The reproducibility of the flow system, for optimum conditions, matched that of the detector for static cell experiments. Finally, the conversion efficiency of the detector was determined to be approximately 1%.
Dijet results from CDF

Recent dijet results from CDF are presented. The preliminary dijet mass distribution measured by CDF is presented and compared to QCD calculations. Measurements of dijet angular distributions are used to place limits on quark compositness. A preliminary measurement of the inclusive dijet differential cross section is presented.
Automatic title generation for EM

Our prototype automatic title generation system inspired by statistical machine-translation approaches [1] treats the document title like a translation of the document. Titles can be generated without extracting words from the document. A large corpus of documents with human-assigned titles is required for training title "translation" models. On an f1 evaluation score our approach outperformed another approach based on Bayesian probability estimates [7].
Photodynamic action in Stentor coeruleus sensitized by endogenous pigment stentorin.

Abstract— Stentorin acts as the photoreceptor for the step-up photophobic and negative phototactic responses in Stentor coeruleus. The chromophore of stentorin appears to be hypericin which is linked to apoprotein. In addition to the photomovement responses of the organism, S. coeruleus was found to be photodynamically sensitive to light absorbed by the hypericin chromophore, as the apparent action spectrum for the photodynamic killing matches the absorption spectrum of stentorin. The protective effect of β-carotene and crocetin on the photodynamic killing of S. coeruleus suggests that singlet oxygen generated by the stentorin-sensitization plays an important role, according to the so-called Type II mechanism of photosensitization. The generation of singlet oxygen via hypericin triplet was confirmed by in vitro photooxidation of tryptophan as a substrate. The photodynamic killing was more effective in deuterium oxide than in H2O in both the photosensitization by stentorin (endogenous) and added hypericin (exogenous). These results are consistent with the involvement of singlet oxygen in the photodynamic killing of S. coeruleus.
Variation in alkaline-phosphatase activity with changing load on the mandibular condylar cartilage in the rat.

Abstract Biomechanical loads were varied by feeding diets of different consistencies. One group was fed hard diet for eight weeks, a second soft diet for eight weeks, and a third soft diet for four weeks followed by four weeks of hard diet. In all groups, alkaline-phosphatase activity was localized primarily in cells and extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic zone, and in cells lining trabeculae of the subcondylar bone. The staining intensity in the hypertrophic zone was slightly less in the soft-diet and soft/hard-diet groups than in the hard-diet group. The thickness of the cell layer staining positively for alkalinephosphatase was significantly less in the soft-diet group than in the hard- and soft/hard-diet groups.
The Structural Evolution of Composite Latex Particles During Starve-Fed Emulsion Polymerization: Modeling and Experiments for Kinetically Frozen Morphologies

The evolution of morphology in composite latex particles is modeled under the assumption that no phase separation is allowed, resulting in fully mixed polymers in the latex particles. Such kinetically frozen, non-equilibrium structures are easily produced when the second stage polymer is glassy at reaction temperature. For a poly[-styrene-co-(butyl acrylate)] seed latex and a methyl methacrylate second-stage monomer, we show the evolution of the particle structure during the polymerization process as evidenced by TEM, DSC, and surfactant titration data. Comparing these data to the model provides a mechanistic understanding of the time evolution of the particle morphology, even when a thin shell of second stage polymer is formed around a mixed core late in the reaction.
Evasion and subversion of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful of human pathogens and has acquired the ability to establish latent or progressive infection and persist even in the presence of a fully functioning immune system. The ability of M. tuberculosis to avoid immune-mediated clearance is likely to reflect a highly evolved and coordinated program of immune evasion strategies, including some that interfere with antigen presentation to prevent or alter the quality of T-cell responses. Here, we review an extensive array of published studies supporting the view that antigen presentation pathways are targeted at many points by pathogenic mycobacteria. These studies show the multiple potential mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis may actively inhibit, subvert or otherwise modulate antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I, class II and CD1 molecules. Unraveling the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis evades or modulates antigen presentation is of critical importance for the development of more effective new vaccines based on live attenuated mycobacterial strains.
Transport of L-proline and D-glucose in luminal (brush border) and contraluminal (basal-lateral) membrane vesicles from the renal cortex.

Summary The uptakes of L-proline and D-glucose by brush border and basal-lateral membranes, derived from the rabbit renal cortex tubular cell plasma membrane, represented mostly transport into an intravesicular space rather than membrane binding. A Na+ electrochemical gradient (medium>vesicle) stimulated the initial rates of uptake of both the imino acid and sugar, effecting their transient movements into the membrane vesicle against concentration gradients. The uptakes of L-proline and D-glucose by basal-lateral membranes were less responsive to Na+ and the relatively small stimulation could largely be accounted for by contamination of the basal-lateral membrane preparation with brush border membranes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the transcellular “active” transports of L-proline and D-glucose consist of a Na+ electrochemical gradient-dependent uphill influx at the luminal brush border end and a Na+-independent downhill efflux at the basal-lateral region of the tubule epithelial cell.
Developing and evaluating an organizational learning process to continuously improve teaching

The contribution of this paper is a description and evaluation of an organizational learning teaching process for continuously improving the content and delivery of lectures within a course and the overall course. Other authors suggest using periodic feedback mechanisms. In this research, the organizational learning literature and a survey of students provide support for using a periodic end-of-lecture feedback mechanism within the teaching process. The organizational learning teaching process applies the concepts of organizational learning and quality management to generate continuous, fact-based, student-teacher dialogue. The teaching process aims to model the humanistic and informational requirements for organizational learning and continuous improvement. The plan-do-study-act cycle from quality management provides a framework to view each lecture and course from a learning cycle perspective. "Lessons learned" from each lecture and course are transferred to other lectures and to the next offering of the course. Detailed descriptions are given for the organizational learning teaching process and associated data forms to use. Both quantitative and qualitative results describe students' collection perceptions of and participation in using the feedback mechanism. Results show students react favorably to using a feedback mechanism and are active in the continuous improvement of the course.
Limit on Lorentz and CPT Violation of the Neutron Using a Two-Species Noble-Gas Maser

A search for sidereal variations in the frequency difference between co-located ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ and ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ Zeeman masers sets the most stringent limit to date on leading-order Lorentz and CPT violation involving the neutron, consistent with no effect at the level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}\mathrm{GeV}$.
Human cardiac fibroblasts and receptors for angiotensin II and bradykinin: a potential role for bradykinin in the modulation of cardiac extracellular matrix

Evidence derived from in vivo experimental studies performed with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) indicates that these agents are capable of modulating the process of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The antifibrotic actions of ACEi are thought to be derived from their capacity to block the production of angiotensin II and, thus, its action on the cardiac fibroblast. However, in contrast to rat hearts, human myocardium has low levels of angiotensin II receptors. Evidence indicates that enhanced bradykinin (BK) levels result from the action of ACEi. In vivo data derived from the use of the BK blocker HOE140 suggests a role for BK in repressing the process of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Little is known as to the abundance of angiotensin II and BK receptors in human cardiac fibroblasts. Data presented in this study indicates that in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts there is apparently few angiotensin II receptors whereas as in other species there is evidence for the presence of BK receptors. Further studies need to be performed to establish the potential role that BK plays in modulating human cardiac fibroblast function.
Social Network Analysis For Organizations

This article introduces the social network approach — its origins, key concepts, and methods. We argue for its use in organizational settings and apply the network approach in a comparative analysis of two organizations.
Towards the run and walk activity classification through step detection - An android application

Falling is one of the most common accidents with potentially irreversible consequences, especially considering special groups, such as the elderly or disabled. One approach to solve this issue would be an early detection of the falling event. Towards reaching the goal of early fall detection, we have worked on distinguishing and monitoring some basic human activities such as walking and running. Since we plan to implement the system mostly for seniors and the disabled, simplicity of the usage becomes very important. We have successfully implemented an algorithm that would not require the acceleration sensor to be fixed in a specific position (the smart phone itself in our application), whereas most of the previous research dictates the sensor to be fixed in a certain direction. This algorithm reviews data from the accelerometer to determine if a user has taken a step or not and keeps track of the total amount of steps. After testing, the algorithm was more accurate than a commercial pedometer in terms of comparing outputs to the actual number of steps taken by the user.
Development of a laser Raman spectrometer for deep-ocean science

Abstract We have extensively modified and successfully used a laser Raman spectrometer (DORISS, deep-ocean Raman in situ spectrometer) for geochemical studies in the deep ocean. The initial instrument, from Kaiser Optical, was separated into three components: an optical head, a laser-power supply telemetry unit, and the spectrometer. These components were modified to fit into custom designed pressure housings, and connected by deep-sea cables and optical penetrators designed to minimize signal loss. The instrument ensemble has been field deployed on remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) for a variety of experiments and observations, with successful operation at 1.6°C, 3600 m depth. Power supply, instrument control, and signal telemetry are provided through the ROV tether, which contains copper conductors and single mode optical fibers. The optical head is deployable by the ROV robotic arm for sample analysis; the remaining components are fixed within the vehicle tool-sled. Challenges of system calibration at depth, temperature and pressure artifacts, and system control through over 4 km of cable were successfully overcome. We present exemplary spectra obtained in situ of gas, liquid, and solid specimens, and of the ubiquitous signal of sea water itself. Future challenges include weight and size reduction, and advances in precise beam positioning on mineral targets on the sea floor.
Changing Frequency of Arteriosclerosis in Mammals and Birds at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden Review of Autopsy Records

From 1901 through 1932 arteriosclerosis was found in less than 3 per cent of autopsies on mammals and birds at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, but thereafter its frequency has increased to about 20 per cent. This study has attempted to identify factors that may be associated with this change in frequency.
A Detailed Analysis of Film Cooling Physics: Part IV — Compound–Angle Injection With Shaped Holes

The flow physics of film cooling with compound-angle shaped holes is documented for realistic gas turbine parameters. For the first time in the open literature, the combined effects of compound-angle injection and hole shaping are isolated and the dominant mechanisms are examined. Results provide valuable insight into the flowfield of this class of film-cooling jets. Computational and experimental results are presented for a row of holes injected at 35 deg on a flat plate with three distinct geometric configurations: (1) streamwise injected cylindrical holes (reference case); (2) 15 deg forward-diffused holes injected at a 60 deg compound angle; and (3) 12 deg laterally diffused holes injected at a 45 deg compound angle. Detailed field and surface data, including adiabatic effectiveness (η) and heat transfer coefficient (h), of the two compound-angle shaped holes are provided and compared to: (i) the reference streamwise cylindrical case; (ii) results from Part II detailing the compound-angle flowfield for cylindrical holes; (iii) results of Part III detailing the streamwise injected shaped-hole flowfield; and (iv) experimental data. The 60 deg compound-angle forward-diffused holes provided excellent lateral coolant distribution, but suffered from crossflow ingestion at the film-hole exit plane. The 45 deg compound-angle lateral-diffused hole had much steeper lateral effectiveness variations. A previously documented and validated computational methodology was utilized. Computations were performed using a multiblock, unstructured-adaptive grid, fully implicit pressure-correction Navier-Stokes code with multigrid and underrelaxation type convergence accelerators. All simulations had fixed length-to-diameter ratio of 4.0, pitch-to-diameter ratio of 3.0, nominal density ratio of 1.55 and film-hole Reynolds number of 17,350, which allowed isolation of the combined effects of compound-angle injection and hole shaping for nominal blowing ratios of 1.25 and 1.88. The results demonstrate the ability of the prescribed computational methodology to predict accurately the complex flowfield associated with compound-angle shaped-hole film-cooling jets.
Following up with a patient whose treatment has been interrupted.

Q I recently heard about a military spouse stationed overseas who visited the military dental clinic. She had received a treatment plan that involved some complex procedures (such as extractions, implants, cosmetic restorations). Th e treatment had started, but because of the deployment of a large number of troops to Iraq, it was interrupted so dentists could use their time clearing the soldiers to be deployed. Th e patient claims she never was referred to another dentist to have her work completed. Also during that time, she developed some other health problems, and she and her military husband divorced. Th e patient now needs to have her dental work completed. She no longer is a military dependent and, as a result, has no dental insurance. What are the ethical obligations, if any, of her original treating dentist?
IFR Operations at Non-Towered, Non-Radar Airports: Can we do Better Than One-at-a-Time?

This paper describes a new concept for operations in non-radar terminal airspace around small, nontowered airports. Currently, air traffic operations in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) at airfields without control towers and radar service are severely constrained by what is known as the one-in/one-out paradigm. Under these conditions only one operation (either arrival or departure) is allowed to occur at a time. Since these operations can take over 15 minutes to complete, capacity at these airports is severely restricted in IMC. The proposed concept is an attempt to break this current paradigm by applying emerging airborne and ground-based technologies to enable simultaneous operations by multiple aircraft in nonradar terminal airspace around small non-towered airports in IMC. The general philosophy underlying this concept of operations is the establishment of a newly defined area surrounding these airports called a Self-Controlled Area (SCA). Aircraft operating within the SCA are required to have a specified minimum level of equipage. Within the SCA, pilots are responsible for separating themselves from other similarly equipped aircraft through the use of new onboard systems and procedures. This concept also takes advantage of newly developed automation at the airport, which provides appropriate sequencing information to the pilots for safe and improved operations. Such operations would enhance the opportunity for point-to-point air taxi or charter operations into smaller airfields that are closer to a traveler s origin and destination. A description of this concept of operations and a simulation environment used for evaluation is provided in this paper.
Using genetics and genomics strategies to personalize therapy for cancer: Focus on melanoma

Individualizing therapeutic selection for patients is a major goal in cancer treatment today. This goal is best facilitated by understanding both an individual's inherited genetic variation and the somatic genetic changes arising during cancer development. Clinical decision making based on inherited genetic variation is done for those patients with cancer susceptibility syndromes and more generally to personalize drug dosing. Personalized medicine based on genetic and genomic changes within tumors is being applied more widely, with increased use of therapies targeted to somatic mutations and amplifications. Somatic mutations associated with resistance also are being used to select against therapies. Somatic point mutation testing being used clinically includes direct sequencing, short sequencing and single nucleotide interrogation. Single amplifications are commonly assessed using FISH or CISH; high throughput assessment of amplifications and deletions is done mainly on a research basis. Melanomas contain complex mutational profiles that allow them to be sub-grouped by their genetic and genomic profile, each of which then can be evaluated pre-clinically to determine their response to targeted therapies. BRAF V600E mutations are the most common found in melanoma; specific inhibitors of mutant BRAF have been developed and are currently in clinical trials. In addition, other melanoma sub-groups have been identified genetically, which respond to other inhibitors. These studies focus on somatic genetic changes in cancer, which can be targeted directly by therapies. However in the future, personalized medicine will use a combination of inherited and somatic genetics to select the optimal tailored therapy for each patient.
The impact of electrode characteristics on electrocorticography (ECoG)

Used clinically since Penfield and Jasper's pioneering work in the 1950's, electrocorticography (ECoG) has recently been investigated as a promising technology for brain-computer interfacing. Many researchers have attempted to analyze the properties of ECoG recordings, including prediction of optimal electrode spacing and the improved resolution expected with smaller electrodes. This work applies an analytic model of the volume conductor to investigate the sensitivity field of electrodes of various sizes. The benefit to spatial resolution was minimal for electrodes smaller than ∼1mm, while smaller electrodes caused a dramatic decrease in signal-to-noise ratio. The temporal correlation between electrode pairs is predicted over a range of spacings and compared to correlation values from a series of recordings in subjects undergoing monitoring for intractable epilepsy. The observed correlations are found to be much higher than predicted by the analytic model and suggest a more detailed model of cortical activity is needed to identify appropriate ECoG grid spacing.
Corona Compared with Triboelectric Charging for Electrostatic Powder Coating

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to compare electrostatic and nonelectrostatic coating and determine the improvement between corona and triboelectric charging systems. Graham crackers were coated with food powder at 0, −50, or −95 kV or by tribocharging with teflon or nylon. Five sizes of sucrose from 13 to 138 μm were coated onto the crackers to determine the effect of particle size on coating efficiency. Three proteins, three carbohydrates, and one salt between 35 and 58 μm were analyzed to determine the effect of composition. Electrostatics improved transfer efficiency (TE) up to 27%, adhesion up to 40%, and reduced dust up to 99% over nonelectrostatic coating. Particle size and composition significantly affected the improvement produced by each charging method. As particle size increased, nonelectrostatic TE and adhesion increased, while dust decreased. Electrostatic TE increased and leveled off and adhesion and dust decreased with increasing particle size. Generally, corona TE, adhesion, and dust reduction was the highest, followed by teflon triboelectric, nylon triboelectric, and nonelectrostatic coating. For proteins, teflon produced higher charge to mass, TE, and adhesion than nylon. Although the corona system was most efficient, the teflon triboelectric system produced comparable results for some powders and may be necessary to produce a thick coating while minimizing back ionization and alleviating Faraday Cage effects.
Variables associated with hippocampal atrophy rate in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment.

The goal of this study was to identify factors contributing to hippocampal atrophy rate (HAR) in clinically normal older adults (NC) and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Longitudinal HAR was measured on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and the contribution of age, gender, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 status, intracranial volume, white matter lesions, and β-amyloid (Aβ) levels to HAR was determined using linear regression. Age-related effects of HAR were compared in Aβ positive (Aβ+) and Aβ negative (Aβ-) participants. Age and Aβ levels had independent effects on HAR in NC, whereas gender, ApoE e4 status, and Aβ levels were associated with HAR in MCI. In multivariable models, Aβ levels were associated with HAR in NC; ApoE e4 and Aβ levels were associated with HAR in MCI. In MCI, age was a stronger predictor of HAR in Aβ- versus Aβ+ participants. HAR was higher in Aβ+ participants, but most of the HAR was because of factors other than Aβ status. Age-related effects on HAR did not differ between NC versus MCI participants with the same Aβ status. Therefore, we conclude that even when accounting for other covariates, Aβ status, and not age, is a significant predictor of HAR; and that most of the HAR is not accounted for by Aβ status in either NC or MCI.
Energy-Efficient and Robust Associative Computing With Injection-Locked Dual-Pillar Spin-Torque Oscillators

In this paper, we show that the dynamics of injection-locked spin-torque oscillators (STOs) can be exploited for non-Boolean information processing, such as associative computing. Injection locking employs phase synchronization of multiple STOs to a common injected ac current. DC inputs derived from external stimuli can be used to conditionally unlock some of the STOs. This phenomenon can be used for pattern identification. In such a scheme, stronger ac current injection can provide variation- and noise-tolerant global synchronization required for robust computation. We analyze dual-pillar STO (DP-STO) for low-power computing using injection locking method. A DP-STO offers a low-resistance bias terminal for ultralow-voltage ac injection, leading to low biasing power. Simultaneously, it provides a separate high-resistance sensing terminal with a large output swing, leading to compact and low-power sensing interface. Thus, an array of injection-locked DP-STOs can be suitable for energy-efficient and robust non-Boolean computing.
Syntactic complexity measures for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment

We consider the diagnostic utility of various syntactic complexity measures when extracted from spoken language samples of healthy and cognitively impaired subjects. We examine measures calculated from manually built parse trees, as well as the same measures calculated from automatic parses. We show statistically significant differences between clinical subject groups for a number of syntactic complexity measures, and these differences are preserved with automatic parsing. Different measures show different patterns for our data set, indicating that using multiple, complementary measures is important for such an application.
Constraints on a muon - neutrino mass around 100 keV

Abstract In the context of left-right symmetric models, we examine the possibility of a neutrino ν 2 with mass around 100 keV that is essentially the muon neutrino. To meet cosmological constraints, ν 2 must decay into three lighter neutrinos; within the SU(2) L ×SU(2) R ×U(1) model we discuss the relation of this decay to the decay μ →3e.
Coalitions among gelada baboons

Geladas spend an unusually large amount of time in quiet, mutual grooming in this captive sample, part of which is presumably due to the effects of captivity and part is a reflection of the gelada pattern of social interactions. The most frequent signals associated with threat or displacement (lid) occurs only at a rate of 5.3 times per hour. Herding and displacement activities are important, but infrequent. One-male bisexual units are extremely cohesive. A male does not tolerate the positioning of another male between himself and any of his females, and the adults of the groups react antagonistically to each other's proximity. The solitary male is not groomed by other adults, but stays withChief's group and backsChief in interactions with the other group.Chief's group is a two-male unit in some ways, but withDemon being excluded from any activity or location which interferes withChief's interactions with his group. The females inEcho's group exhibit a dominance hierarchy, as measured in displacement, or denial of desirable social space. Interactions between individuals ofEcho's group reflect strong preferences between individuals, prohibitions toward certain relationships by more dominant individuals, and the ability to enlist the support of others in coalitions. Coalitions are simply another expression of social relationships that are more frequently expressed in grooming, proximity, and displacement.
Androgen-secreting adrenal tumors☆

Abstract Background Adrenal tumors that secrete androgens exclusively are extraordinarily rare. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with pure androgen-secreting adrenal tumors. Methods A retrospective chart review from January 1946 through November 2002 identified 11 female patients with pure androgen-secreting adrenal tumors. Results The mean age was 23.4 years (range, 1-52). The most common presenting symptoms were hirsutism, acne, and clitoral enlargement. Elevated 17-ketosteroids were found in seven of nine tested patients. Computed tomogram, ultrasound, or both localized tumors in six of seven patients. All tumors were surgically resected, one laparoscopically, all without complications. Five of the 11 tumors were malignant. Mean weight and mean maximal diameter for benign and malignant tumors were 44 g and 4.2 cm and 232 g and 9.8 cm, respectively. Mean hospital stay was 8.5 days, with excess androgen production resolved in all patients. Recurrence and disease-related death occurred in only one patient who had pulmonary metastases at diagnosis. The remaining patients had no recurrence of tumor at mean follow-up of 11.7 years (range, 0.5-32 years). Conclusions Pure androgen-producing tumors are extremely rare. Approximately 50% are benign, and surgical resection provides excellent treatment if the tumors are not metastatic at the time of diagnosis.
Enhancing Teachers’ Application of Inquiry‐Based Strategies Using a Constructivist Sociocultural Professional Development Model

This two‐year school‐wide initiative to improve teachers’ pedagogical skills in inquiry‐based science instruction using a constructivist sociocultural professional development model involved 30 elementary teachers from one school, three university faculty, and two central office content supervisors. Research was conducted for investigating the impact of the professional development activities on teachers’ practices, documenting changes in their philosophies, instruction, and the learning environment. This report includes teachers’ accounts of philosophical as well as instructional changes and how these changes shaped the learning environment. For the teachers in this study, examining their teaching practices in learner‐centered collaborative group settings encouraged them to critically analyze their instructional practices, challenging their preconceived ideas on inquiry‐based strategies. Additionally, other factors affecting teachers’ understanding and use of inquiry‐based strategies were highlighted, su...
Supercritical Pitchfork Bifurcation in Implicit Regression Modeling

Chaotic systems have been widely studied for description and explanation of various observed phenomena. The problem of statistical modeling for messy data can be attempted using the so called Supercritical Pitchfork Bifurcation (SPB) approach. This work considers the possibility of applying SPB technique to regression modeling of the implicit functions. Theoretical and practical advantages of SPB regression are discussed with an example from marketing research data on advertising in the car industry. Results are very promising, which can help in modeling, analysis, interpretation, and lead to understanding of the real world data.
MR constrained simultaneous reconstruction of activity and attenuation maps in brain TOF-PET/MR imaging

The maximum likelihood estimation of attenuation and activity (MLAA) algorithm has been proposed to jointly estimate activity and attenuation from emission data only. Salomon et al employed the MLAA to estimate activity and attenuation from time-of-flight PET data with spatial MR prior information on attenuation. Recently, we proposed a novel algorithm to impose both spatial and statistical constraints on attenuation estimation within the MLAA algorithm using Dixon MR images and a constrained Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In this study, we compare the proposed algorithm with MLAA and MLAA_Salomon in brain TOF-PET/MR imaging. A clinical FDG head PET/CT/MR dataset was used to simulate a 40M-count PET data acquisition with TOF resolution of 580 ps. In MLAA_GMM, Dixon MR images are segmented into outside air, fat/soft tissue classes and an MR low-intensity class corresponding to air cavities, bone and susceptibility artifacts. A mixture of 3 Gaussians (air, fat/soft tissue and bone) was used for the low-intensity class, while uni-modal Gaussians were used for other classes. Bias performance of the algorithms was evaluated against CT-based and 4-class MR-based attenuation correction methods. Region-of-interest analysis of our simulations showed that the 4-class and MLAA algorithms result in –4.9% and –5.8% bias in soft tissue and –18.5% and –12.4% bias in bone, respectively. Inclusion of MR constrains in MLAA_Salomon and MLAA_GMM resulted in –6.6% and –4.1% bias in soft tissue and –16.1% and –13.0% in bone, respectively. It was found that the performance of MLAA_Salomon depends highly on the robustness of MR segmentation, particularly at air/bone interfaces. The proposed approach effectively exploits MR prior information and produces attenuation maps that are spatially and statistically more consistent with true attenuation maps.