cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered regulation of lesion-induced synaptogenesis by adrenalectomy and corticosterone in young adult rats

Quantitative electron microscopy was used to examine the effect of circulating glucocorticoids on the removal of degenerating synapses and the replacement of lost synaptic contacts in young adult rats that follow partial denervation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Subjects were adrenalectomized prior to subcutaneous implantation of pellets containing a specified concentration of corticosterone and subsequent unilateral ablation of the entorhinal cortex. Animals maintained at high circulating concentrations of glucocorticoids were significantly retarded in the early phase of degenerating synapse removal and in the rate of synaptic replacement. Subjects maintained at extremely low concentrations of glucocorticoids were also significantly retarded in the early stages of synapse removal but showed an early replacement of lost synaptic contacts followed by a dramatic decrease in the rate of replacement. By 60 days after the lesion both groups of animals showed synapse replacement equivalent to young adult controls while significant amounts of degenerating synapses still remained in the denervated neuropil. The results demonstrate that circulating glucocorticoids can exert a marked influence on lesion-induced synaptic replacement in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
The fractal geometry of interfaces and the multifractal distribution of dissipation in fully turbulent flows

We describe scalar interfaces in turbulent flows via elementary notions from fractal geometry. It is shown by measurement that these interfaces possess a fractal dimension of 2.35 ± 0.05 in a variety of flows, and it is demonstrated that the uniqueness of this number is a consequence of the physical principle of Reynolds number similarity. Also, the spatial distribution of scalar and energy dissipation in physical space is shown to be multifractal. We compare the f(α) curves obtained from one- and two-dimensional cuts in several flows, and examine their value in describing features of turbulence in the three-dimensional physical space.
Mathematically modelling the future AIDS incidence in Maryland

The spread of AIDS in the 4 primary risk groups of Maryland is dynamically modelled so that the HIV infection and AIDS incidence curves can be calculated. Over 90% of Maryland's AIDS cases stem from 4 risk groups: bisexual and homosexual (gay) men, intravenous drug abusers (IVDU), gays who are also intravenous drug abusers, and the heterosexual (non-IVDU) female risk population. Previously published models for the first 3 of these risk groups [1] were applied to the Maryland AIDS data. A new, saturated, model for the heterosexual female risk group was developed for this analysis. The models predict that there will be a cumulative total of 2,712 AIDS cases in these four risk groups by January 1, 1991 when the data is finalized and that this total will grow to 6,530 cases by January 1, 1996. The total number of Marylanders in these 4 risk groups is calculated to be 15,898, most of whom are predicted to be HIV infected. The size of the Maryland heterosexual female risk population is calculated to be 453. To date, there is absolutely no evidence of an escalating HIV epidemic in the Maryland heterosexual (non-IVDU) male risk population. Presumably, this is due to the relatively small size of the Maryland heterosexual female risk population and, perhaps, to a relatively small sexual contact between these latter 2 risk groups.
Knowledge-based parameter identification of TSK fuzzy models

Linear/1st order Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy models are widely used to identify static nonlinear systems from a set of input-output pairs. The synergetic integration of TSK fuzzy models with artificial neural networks (ANN) has led to the emergence of hybrid neuro-fuzzy models that can have excellent adaptability and interpretability at the same time. One drawback of these hybrid models is that they tend to have more black-box characteristics of ANN than the transparency of fuzzy systems. If the quality of training data is questionable then it may lead to a fuzzy model with poor interpretability. In an attempt to remediate this problem, we propose a parameter identification technique for TSK models that relies on a-priori available qualitative domain knowledge. The technique is devised for rule-centered TSK models in which the consequent polynomial can be interpreted as the 1st order Taylor series approximation of the underlying nonlinear function that is being modeled. The resulting neuro-fuzzy model is named as a-priori knowledge-based fuzzy model (APKFM). We have shown that besides being reasonably accurate, APKFM has excellent interpretability and extrapolation capability. The effectiveness of APKFM is shown using two examples of static systems. In the first example, a toy nonlinear function is chosen for approximation by an APKFM. In the second example, a real world problem pertaining to the maintenance cost estimation of electricity distribution networks is addressed.
Performance Evaluation of Controlled Steel Frames under Multilevel Seismic Loads

The goal of this research is to evaluate different structural control methods in enhancing the overall structural performance under seismic excitations. This study focuses on steel moment resisting...
Enhancing Teacher Preparation and Improving Faculty Teaching Skills: Lessons Learned from Implementing “Science That Matters” a Standards Based Interdisciplinary Science Course Sequence

In a highly collaborative process we developed an introductory science course sequence to improve science literacy especially among future elementary and middle school education majors. The materials and course features were designed using the results of research on teaching and learning to provide a rigorous, relevant and engaging, standard based science experience. More than ten years of combined planning, development, implementation and assessment of this college science course sequence for nonmajors/future teachers has provided significant insights and success in achieving our goal. This paper describes the history and iterative nature of our ongoing improvements, changes in faculty instructional practice, strategies used to overcome student resistance, significant student learning outcomes, support structures for faculty, and the essential and informative role of assessment in improving the outcomes. Our experience with diverse institutions, students and faculty provides the basis for the lessons we have learned and should be of help to others involved in advancing science education.
Oxidative stress and NFκB activation in the lungs of rats: A synergistic interaction between soot and iron particles

Particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects primarily involving the cardiopulmonary system. However, the precise biological mechanisms to explain how exposure to PM exacerbates or directly causes adverse effects are unknown. Particles of varying composition may play a critical role in these effects. To study such a phenomenon, a simple, laminar diffusion flame was used to generate aerosols of soot and iron particles in the ultrafine size range. Exposures of healthy adult rats were for 6 h/day for 3 days. Conditions used included exposure to soot only, iron only, or a combination of soot and iron. We found animals exposed to soot particles at 250 microg/m3 had no adverse respiratory effects. Exposure to iron alone at a concentration of 57 microg/m3 also had no respiratory effects. However, the addition of 45 microg/m3 of iron to soot with a combined total mass concentration of 250 microg/m3 demonstrated significant pulmonary ferritin induction, oxidative stress, elevation of IL-1beta, and cytochrome P450s, as well as activation of NFkappaB. These findings suggest that a synergistic interaction between soot and iron particles account for biological responses not found with exposure to iron alone or to soot alone.
Focal properties and spherical aberration of a field emission electron gun

The focal properties and spherical aberration of a simple model of a field omission electron gun are investigated theoretically. Results are presented graphically. For a fixed source position, spherical aberration decreases as the grid aperture increases, but for a fixed image position, spherical aberration decreases as the grid aperture decreases, down to 0.1 S, where S is the grid-anode distance. The results are almost independent of the anode aperture.
Old wine in a new bottle: customer orientation in librarianship

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the research on the personality trait of customer orientation (CO) and consider how it may be applicable to customer service work in libraries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews business research literature on CO and relates it to library science literature on customer service. Findings – CO is a measurable personality trait that is shown to predict customer service behaviors in service employees. Research also shows that CO is associated with customers’ perceptions of service quality. Practical implications – Libraries should prioritize CO in their hiring, training and recognition processes. Originality/value – CO is a well-researched personality trait in the business literature. The original contribution of this paper is to report the research on customer orientation, relate it to similar concepts in librarianship and suggest ways libraries can integrate an awareness of CO in their human resources processes.
Crystal structures of prethrombin-2 reveal alternative conformations under identical solution conditions and the mechanism of zymogen activation.

Prethrombin-2 is the immediate zymogen precursor of the clotting enzyme thrombin, which is generated upon cleavage at R15 and separation of the A chain and catalytic B chain. The X-ray structure of prethrombin-2 determined in the free form at 1.9 A resolution shows the 215−217 segment collapsed into the active site and occluding 49% of the volume available for substrate binding. Remarkably, some of the crystals harvested from the same crystallization well, under identical solution conditions, diffract to 2.2 A resolution in the same space group but produce a structure in which the 215−217 segment moves >5 A and occludes 24% of the volume available for substrate binding. The two alternative conformations of prethrombin-2 have the side chain of W215 relocating >9 A within the active site and are relevant to the allosteric E*−E equilibrium of the mature enzyme. Another unanticipated feature of prethrombin-2 bears on the mechanism of prothrombin activation. R15 is found buried within the protein in ionic interactions with E14e, D14l, and E18, thereby making its exposure to solvent necessary for proteolytic attack and conversion to thrombin. On the basis of this structural observation, we constructed the E14eA/D14lA/E18A triple mutant to reduce the level of electrostatic coupling with R15 and promote zymogen activation. The mutation causes prethrombin-2 to spontaneously convert to thrombin, without the need for the snake venom ecarin or the physiological prothrombinase complex.
The Persistence of Theocracy: Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter

This article argues that Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter can provide insight into the persistent appeal of the moral and political certitudes that theocracy offers and that can serve as a corrective to liberal secularism's often myopic tendency to downplay the continuing moral and political appeal of religious belief and authority. Focusing on three puzzles raised in the structure and narrative of The Scarlet Letter, the article explores Hawthorne's consideration of theocracy as a foundation in the past, as an antidote to the modern tendency toward materialism, and as a persistent alternative that deserves continued reflection.
Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis: one disease or two?

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and natural history of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) with and without splenic or portal vein involvement. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients with acute superior MVT evaluated between 1979 and 1998. Case records were reviewed and a questionnaire mailed to patients for follow-up evaluation. Also, a search was made to identify etiologies such as malignancy, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and other risk factors. Patients were divided into two groups, isolated MVT or MVT with splenic or portal vein involvement. Results A specific etiology (malignancy, thrombophilia, inflammatory bowel disease, or surgery) was found in 35 of 69 patients. Thirty patients had isolated MVT with involvement predominantly of the small mesenteric veins; in the remaining 39 there was also portal or splenic vein involvement. Patients with isolated MVT were less likely to be diagnosed by imaging studies such as ultrasonography and CT and more likely to have bowel necrosis, and they required surgery more frequently. Inherited hypercoagulable disorders were more often found in patients with isolated MVT. During follow-up, six patients had recurrent MVT, and one patient with combined mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis developed variceal bleeding. Conclusions Patients with isolated MVT are more likely to have hypercoagulable disorders. Isolated MVT is more difficult to diagnose and more likely to require surgery. Classification of patients with MVT into those with small vessel involvement or those with splenic or portal vein involvement thus has important clinical and prognostic value. Patients surviving the initial period have a good prognosis but definite risk of recurrence. Risk of variceal complications appears low.
The plight of the women of Lesotho. Reconsideration with the decline of apartheid

In Lesotho a field survey of 524 wives of migrant workers currently working in South Africa was conducted during 1977-1978 to determine a) the wives attitudes b) which wives were having the greatest difficulty in their husbands absence and c) whether the wives perceived their situation as stressful. Data were collected at 14 randomly-selected sites by structured questionnaires and half of the completed questionnaires from each site were randomly selected for analysis. The distribution of strain scores indicating the degree of difficulty experienced in the husbands absence was normal (p = 0.05). The sample was divided into 3 strain score groups: low (28% of sample) medium (34%) and high (38%). It was determined that: 1) The women most likely to have low strain scores were the youngest whose absent husbands still made important family decisions and who did not feel that the family fields and livestock were their responsibility. 2) Women in the high strain group tended to be the older women with more children with husbands who had been migrants for long periods whose incomes were inadequate who were responsible for fields and whose husbands did not make important family decisions. 3) The percentage of those in the high strain category steadily increased with age (p = 0.005). Half of the wives over 30 had high levels of strain. 4) Those in the high strain category steadily increased with the number of years the husband had worked as a migrant (p = 0.001); 57% of wives whose husbands had been away over 20 years were experiencing high levels of strain. 5) 74% of the wives felt they had responsibility for fields and livestock in their husbands absence which caused strain (p = 0.005). 6) 80% of the wives felt their husband continued to make decisions concerning the family. This was inversely associated with strain (p = 0.0005); 53% of wives who felt the opposite were experiencing high levels of strain.
Breeding synchrony and extrapair fertilizations in two populations of red-winged blackbirds

We tested the relationship between synchrony of breeding and the frequency of extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) in two populations of red-winged blackbirds known to differ in female extrapair behavior. We found no association between the number of simultaneously fertilizable females (temporal neighbors) and EPF rate in either population, although a significant difference between populations in the direction of this relationship (positive where females initiated extrapair copulations and negative where males initiated them) suggested a modest difference in the influence of synchrony. Males losing offspring to EPFs tended to have more fertilizable females at that time than the actual sires in some analyses but not in others. We also tested several assumptions underlying two competing hypotheses for the effects of synchrony. We found no evidence that females pursued extrapair copulations more often when other females were synchronous. Rather, females were more likely to gain EPFs with extrapair males whose social mates were not yet building their nests. Synchrony also did not consistently affect male pursuit of extrapair copulations or achievement of EPFs. These results suggest that timing of breeding has some effects on extrapair activity, but that those effects are both relatively weak and influenced by other factors that vary between years or populations.
The Effect of Hydrogen-Based, High Density Plasma Etching on the Electronic Properties of Gallium Nitride

Development of devices based on the wide gap semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN) requires the realization of reliable, high fidelity, low damage pattern transfer processes. In this work, GaN thin films grown by OMVPE have been subjected to both chlorine- and methane/hydrogen-based etch chemistries in an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma reactive ion etching system. Both n-type and semi-insulating thin films have been utilized to examine the effect of these etch processes on the electronic properties of the materials. The methane/hydrogen-based etch system (CH4/H2/Ar) induced considerable changes in the electrical properties of both n-type and semi-insulating films, causing the former to become more insulating and the latter to become conducting. In both cases, the original electrical properties were recoverable after a short, high temperature anneal. In the chlorine-based etching system (Cl2), no changes in the electrical properties were observed and etch rates five times greater than in the methane/hydrogen-based system were achieved. Proposed mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior will be discussed. These results show that pattern transfer processes based in chlorine etch chemistries are more suitable for the generation of high performance GaN devices.
A system for simultaneous beta and gamma spectroscopy

Abstract A state-of-the-art radiation detection system for real-time and simultaneous spectroscopy of beta-particles and gamma-rays has been developed. The system utilizes a triple-layer phoswich detector and a customized Digital Pulse Processor (DPP) designed and built in our laboratory. The DPP board digitally captures the analog signal pulses and, following several digital preprocessing steps, transfers valid pulses to the host computer for further digital processing. A resolving algorithm also was developed to digitally discriminate beta and gamma events, and reconstruct separate beta and gamma-ray energy spectra with minimal crosstalk. The spectrometer has proven to be an effective tool for recording separate beta and gamma-ray spectra from mixed radiation fields. The system as a beta–gamma spectrometer will have broad-ranging applications in nuclear non-proliferation, radioactive waste management, worker safety, systems reliability, dose assessment, and risk analysis.
Vapor Deposition Synthesis Of Diamond Films

Experiments were conducted on the deposition of diamond films from hydrogen and methane mixtures on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Thin films of diamond were obtained. The crystallinity of the films, as determined by electron diffraction, can be controlled and changed from polycrystalline to amorphous. The chemical vapor deposition method of growing diamonds is discussed in a historical perspective in relationship to the optical properties of natural diamonds and to CVD diamond films.
The fundamental theorem of neutral evolution: rates of substitution and mutation should factor in premeiotic clusters.

Mutations do not always arise as single events. Many new mutations actually occur in the cell lineage before germ cell formation or meiosis and are therefore replicated premeiotically. The increased likelihood of substitutions caused by these clusters of new mutant alleles can change the fundamental theorem of neutral evolution.
Comparison of glass formation kinetics and segmental relaxation in polymers

Abstract Comparisons were made of the fragility ( T g -normalized temperature dependence of segmental relaxation times) derived from mechanical and dielectric measurements to the same quantity determined from the activation energy for enthalpy relaxation as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For linear polystyrenes of varying molecular weight, as well as for several other polymers, there was near quantitative agreement between the two measures of fragility. However, for poly(vinylethylene) (PVE) networks, whose normalized temperature dependence by either method increased with increasing crosslink density, the relationship was not quantitative. In contrast to the assessment of fragility, the shape (breadth) of the relaxation function cannot be reliably obtained from DSC measurements. The analysis yields results which depend on thermal history, contradicting the method’s assumption of thermorheological simplicity.
Expression of tissue-specific autoantigens in the hematopoietic cells leads to activation-induced cell death of autoreactive T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs

Many tissue-specific antigens are expressed in specialized cells called peripheral antigen-expressing cells (PAE) in the thymus and can induce central tolerance. While thymic medullary epithelial cells are the prototypic PAE that express peripheral antigens via an aire-dependent mechanism, some studies also describe bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages as PAE in both the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs. However, the role of these cells in development of tolerance to tissue-specific antigens has not been elucidated. Here we use BM radiation chimeric mice to study the existence of hematopoietic PAE and their contribution to tolerance to tissue-specific antigens. Our results reveal that BM-derived PAE exist in both central and secondary lymphoid organs and that the expression of peripheral antigens in the BM-derived cells does not correlate with aire expression. Using double-transgenic mice expressing TCR specific for a model antigen expressed under the control of a prostate-specific promoter, we show that expression of self antigen in PAE of non-hematopoietic origin is both necessary and sufficient to induce clonal deletion. Surprisingly, while BM-derived PAE fail to induce clonal deletion, they do cause the activation-induced cell death of autoreactive cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. Thus, BM-derived PAE have a distinct function in the maintenance of tolerance to tissue-specific antigens.
Autoneutralization of space charge dominated beams for heavy ion fusion

Several heavy ion beams, each with current in the kiloampere range and particle energy in the gegaelectronvolt range, must be focused onto a millimetre size spot to provide the power required for ignition of high gain, radiation driven targets for inertial confinement fusion. It is difficult to achieve this condition for three reasons: (a) The repulsive space charge forces within individual beams and the mutual space charge repulsion among the beams, which are strongest near the focal spot, prevent multiple beams from focusing onto a small spot. (b) Beam current increases from beam head to tail, so the beam-beam repulsion is time dependent. This prevents multiple beams from being focused onto a small spot throughout the entire pulse. (c) Radiation from the beam heated target photoionizes some beam ions into higher charge states, and these ions are expelled from the beam by the space charge force. To minimize these three effects, it is proposed to place a metallic cylinder in front of the focal spot and to cover the cylinder, at the beam entrance end, with a plastic film of submicron thickness. As the beams pass through the film, the beam space charge force draws electrons from the film to co-move with the beam, 'autoneutralizing' the ion beams inside the cylinder. Although the film strips beam ions into higher charge states, particle-in-cell simulations show that autoneutralization is so effective that the residual radial electric field in the neutralized beam is considerably less than that in the unneutralized beam. The application of this scheme thereby results in a great improvement in focusing quality. Beams with higher charge state or lower mass ions, which have the advantages of reducing both the length of the high energy section of induction linacs and the strengths of the final-focusing magnets, can therefore be used.
The Trilemma Revised: Harry Potter and a Landscape of Moral Uncertainty

From fundamentalist views that wish to ban the books for their use of magic, to perspectives that the books are a modern-day expression of good Christianity, controversy around the rhetorical implications of faith in Harry Potter has become critical to the culture of the book. With its focus on these questions of religious rhetoric in Rowling’s texts, this article centers specifically on the theological thread that runs through C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and the Harry Potter series. Lewis’s deeply embedded use of the trilemma “Liar, Lunatic, or Lord?” — the question that haunts Narnia as Edmund plays the Judas to Aslan’s existence and resurrection — also winds its way through the unfolding plot of the Harry Potter series. Rowling’s narrative, however, takes its own rhetorical path. Defying and confusing traditionally stark boundaries between good and evil, mortal and immortal, Harry Potter is not the tidy story of clear ideological divisions. Rather, Rowling’s use of Lewis’s trilemma serves to complicate and illustrate the dialectic of faith and doubt, as well as the moral complexities of “good” and “evil,” in order to address an audience not necessarily Christian, but decidedly human.
Correlates of Gun Involvement and Aggressiveness among Adolescents

This study examined adolescents' aggressiveness in relation to their experiences, beliefs, and attitudes concerning gun use. It also investigated family composition, relationships with parents, and emotionality as correlates of gun involvement and aggressiveness. A self-report questionnaire was given to 334 students, 167 females and 167 males, in a junior high school in upstate New York. Correlation coefficients and regression analyses revealed that males who had more experience with guns reported reacting more violently to frustration and also admitted to having participated in greater numbers of violent incidents. Girls who indicated that they were alienated from and dissatisfied with their mothers felt generally more upset and unhappy, reacted angrily to frustration, and more often expressed aggression toward persons and objects. Both boys and girls whose families owned and used guns tended to believe that gun use had innocuous effects.
Active Site Characteristics of CYP4B1 Probed with Aromatic Ligands

The active site topography of rabbit CYP4B1 has been studied relative to CYP2B1 and CYP102 using a variety of aromatic probe substrates. Oxidation of the prochiral substrate cumene by CYP4B1, but not CYP2B1 or CYP102, resulted in the formation of the thermodynamically disfavored omega-hydroxy metabolite, 2-phenyl-1-propanol, with product stereoselectivity for the (S)-enantiomer. Reaction of CYP4B1, CYP2B1, and CYP102 with phenyldiazene produced spectroscopically observable sigma-complexes for each enzyme. Subsequent oxidation of the CYP2B1 and CYP102 complexes followed by LC/ESI--MS analysis yielded heme pyrrole migration patterns similar to those in previous literature reports. Upon identical treatment, no migration products were detected for CYP4B1. Intramolecular deuterium isotope effects for the benzylic hydroxylation of o-xylene-alpha-(2)H(3), p-xylene-alpha-(2)H(3), 2-(2)H(3),6-dimethylnaphthalene, and 4-(2)H(3),4'-dimethylbiphenyl were determined for CYP4B1 and CYP2B1 to further map their active site dimensions. These probes permit assessment of the ease of equilibration, within P450 active sites, of oxidizable methyl groups located between 3 and 10 A apart [Iyer et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 7136--7143]. Isotope effects for the CYP4B1-mediated benzylic hydroxylation of o- and p-xylenes were fully expressed (k(H)/k(D) = 9.7 and 6.8, respectively), whereas deuterium isotope effects for the naphthyl and biphenyl derivatives were both substantially masked (k(H)/k(D) approximately equal to 1). In contrast, significant suppression of the deuterium isotope effects for CYP2B1 occurred only with the biphenyl substrate. Therefore, rapid equilibration between two methyl groups more than 6 A apart is impeded within the active site of CYP4B1, whereas for CYP2B1, equilibration is facile for methyl groups distanced by more than 8 A. Collectively, all data are consistent with the conclusion that the active site of CYP4B1 is considerably restricted relative to CYP2B1.
The Acquisition and Analysis of Microwave Characterization Data for Process Control and the Development of Statistical Design Tools

An automated microwave characterization system has been developed to support process development, process control, and statistical design activities within a GaAs IC production facility. The system utilizes direct parameter extraction techniques in order to minimize the time requirements associated with small signal equivalent circuit model generation. Data manipulation and storage requirements have been addressed so that process and design engineers have rapid access to data and statistical summaries. Comprehensive software has been developed for efficient extraction of a broad range of non-linear GaAs MESFET model topologies. On-going investigations are aimed at further enhancing device characterization with direct large signal parameter extraction techniques and parameter correlations.
Discriminating malingered from genuine civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a validation of three MMPI-2 Infrequency scales (F, Fp, and Fptsd).

The Infrequency-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (Fptsd), recently created for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), has demonstrated incremental validity over other MMPI-2 scales in malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) detection. Fptsd was developed with combat-exposed PTSD patients, potentially limiting its use with PTSD patients in general. The current study evaluated the MMPI-2’s F, Infrequency-Psychopathology scale (Fp), and Fptsd scales in discriminating genuine civilian PTSD among 41 adult victims of child sexual abuse from a group of 39 students instructed to simulate PTSD. Analyses demonstrated Fptsd’s incremental validity over F but not over Fp. Based on the two studies examining Fptsd, Fptsd may be more appropriate for combat trauma victims, and Fp may be more appropriate for civilian trauma victims.
On the connection between WZW and free field theories

Abstract A large class of primary fields which appear at any level of the WZW theories (of types A N , B N , C N , D N , E 6 , and E 7 ) are shown to posses simple power-like four-point functions. As a consequence, these fields, which are in 1-1 correspondence with the center of the covering group, may be written as symmetrized products of level one fields. The latter are known to be related to free fermions (A N , B N , D N ) or free bosons (A N , D N , E 6 , E 7 ). Our results indicate that a relation to free field theory exists also for the case of C N .
Structures of proteins and cofactors: X-ray crystallography

Protein crystallography is the predominately used technique for the determination of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other macromolecules. In this article, the methodology utilized for the measurement and analysis of the diffraction data from crystals is briefly reviewed. As examples of both the usefulness and difficulties of this technique, the determination of the structures of several photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes is described, namely, the reaction center from purple bacteria, photosystem I and photosystem II from cyanobacteria, the light-harvesting complex II from purple bacteria, and the FMO protein from green bacteria.
Characterization of T-lymphocytes in the anterior uvea of eyes with chronic equine recurrent uveitis.

Abstract Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), a chronic, recurrent inflammation primarily of the anterior uveal tract, is the most common cause of blindness in horses. Recently, T-lymphocytes have been found to be the most numerous cell type to infiltrate the anterior uveal of horses with ERU. In the present study, we characterized the T-lymphocyte population in the anterior uveal tract of eyes of horses with chronic ERU by evaluating the microscopic appearance (histopathologic features), the T-lymphocyte subsets, and the relative levels and amounts of T-lymphocyte cytokine mRNA in the anterior uvea. Seven inflamed eyes (from six horses with chronic ERU) and 5 normal eyes (from five horses with nonocular problems) were studied. After clinical examination, the eyes were removed, ocular fluids were aspirated, and anterior uveal tissues (iris and ciliary body) were processed for histologic and molecular (RNA isolation) analyses. Histologic examination by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and immunohistochemistry evaluating T-lymphocyte subsets (anti-CD4, CD8, CD5) were performed for each sample. RNA samples were analyzed for levels of messenger (m) RNA specific for interleukin (IL)-2, 4, and interferon-γ (IFNγ) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Eyes with ERU exhibited characteristic clinical signs, including corneal edema, aqueous flare, posterior synechia, corpora nigra degeneration, and cataract formation. Histologically, infiltration of the uveal tract with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages was most evident in the ciliary body and base of the iris. Loss of tissue structure (destruction) was most evident in the ciliary processes. Infiltrating lymphocytes were predominantly CD4+ T-cells (e.g. 48% CD4+ and 18% CD8+ in the ciliary body stroma), as determined by immunohistochemistry. Few inflammatory cells were observed in the normal eyes. The QRT-PCR results revealed increased transcription of IL-2 and IFNγ and low IL-4 mRNA expression in eyes with chronic ERU compared to normal eyes, demonstrating a Thelper (Th) 1-like inflammatory response in eyes with ERU.
Sharpened Versions of the Schwarz Lemma

Abstract We prove a version of the Schwarz Lemma in which the images of two points are known. Two classical results (due to Dieudonne and Rogosinski) are simple corollaries.
Multisystem Dysregulation in Painful Temporomandibular Disorders

Multiple physiological and psychological regulatory domains may contribute to the patho- physiology of pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and other bodily pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between multisystem dysregulation and the presence of TMD pain, as well as the presence of different numbers of comorbid pain conditions in TMD. Secondary data analysis was conducted in 131 non-TMD (without comorbid pain) controls, 14 TMD subjects without comorbid pain, 78 TMD subjects with 1 comorbid pain, and 67 TMD subjects with multiple comorbid pain conditions who participated in a TMD genetic study. Twenty markers from sensory, autonomic, inflammatory, and psychological domains were evaluated. The results revealed that 1) overall dysregulation in multiple system domains (OR (odds ratio) = 1.6, 95% confi- dence interval (CI) = 1.4-1.8), particularly in the sensory (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3-2.9) and the psycholog- ical (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 2.1-2.7) domains, were associated with increased likelihood of being a painful TMD case; and 2) dysregulations in individual system domains were selectively associated with the increased odds of being a TMD case with different levels of comorbid persistent pain conditions. These outcomes indicate that heterogeneous multisystem dysregulations may exist in painful TMD sub- groups, and multidimensional physiological and psychological assessments can provide important in- formation regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pain in TMD patients. Perspective: The concurrent assessment of multiple physiological and psychological systems is crit- ical to our understanding of the pathophysiological processes that contribute to painful TMD and associated comorbid conditions, which will ultimately guide and inform appropriate treatment stra- tegies that address the multisystem dysregulation associated with complex and common persistent pain conditions. a 2013 by the American Pain Society
A phase 2 trial of verubulin for recurrent glioblastoma: a prospective study by the brain tumor investigational consortium (BTIC)

Treatment options are limited for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Verubulin is a microtubule destabilizer and vascular disrupting agent that achieve high brain concentration relative to plasma in animals. Adults with recurrent GBM who failed prior standard therapy were eligible. The primary endpoint was 1-month progression-free survival (PFS-1) for bevacizumab refractory (Group 2) and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6) for bevacizumab naive patients (Group 1). Verubulin was administered at 3.3 mg/m2 as a 2-h intravenous infusion once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks in a 4-week cycle. The planned sample size was 34 subjects per cohort. 56 patients (37 men, 19 women) were enrolled, 31 in Group 1 and 25 in Group 2. The PFS-6 for Group 1 was 14 % and the PFS-1 for Group 2 was 20 %. Median survival from onset of treatment was 9.5 months in Group 1 and 3.4 months in Group 2. Best overall response was partial response (n = 3; 10 % in Group 1; n = 1; 4.2 % in Group 2) and stable disease (n = 7; 23 % in Group 1; n = 5; 21 % in Group 2). In Group 1, 38.7 % of patients experienced a serious adverse event; however only 3.2 % were potentially attributable to study drug. In Group 2, 44 % of patients experienced a serious adverse event although none were attributable to study drug. Accrual was terminated early for futility. Single agent verubulin, in this dose and schedule, is well tolerated, associated with moderate but tolerable toxicity but has limited activity in either bevacizumab naive or refractory recurrent GBM.
Encapsulation of Streptococcus uberis: Influence of storage and cultural conditions

Streptococcus uberis (n = 100) isolated from bovine mammary secretions were assessed by India ink for expression of capsule. Organisms were evaluated under four conditions; (1) after primary culture on blood agar, (2) following 5 passages on blood agar, (3) after 5 passages in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), and (4) after storage in 10% skim milk. Strains from primary culture (44 of 100) were positive for an unstained halo (capsule) by the India ink method. Number of strains expressing capsule decreased greatly after passage and following storage. Freeze-etching followed by electron microscopy confirmed results of India ink preparations. Strains were also cultured in various media to determine influence of medium components on capsule expression. Todd-Hewitt medium supplemented with either serum or egg yolk enhanced the size of capsule expressed. Results of this study may aid researchers investigating the pathogenicity of S. uberis.
Community-based rice ecosystem management for suppressing vector anophelines in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is one of the Asian countries most affected by mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria. This 18-month study assessed the effectiveness of a new community-based ecosystem management programme to control mosquito vectors in the country's rice ecosystem. Farmers in a malaria-prone village were educated and motivated to engage in source reduction as well as measures to restore and maximise rice ecosystem functions. Over the course of the programme, the impact of farmers' ecosystem management on local mosquito ecology was also examined. Although little impact was detected on Culex and Aedes densities, adult Anopheles density was significantly suppressed in the southwest monsoon season. Rice farmers who manage their ecosystems can reduce the burden of Anopheles mosquitoes, interrupt malaria transmission and prevent the destruction of ecosystems.
Unitarity Bounds and the Cuspy Halo Problem

Conventional cold dark matter cosmological models predict cuspy halos which are in apparent conflict with observations. We show that unitarity arguments imply interesting constraints on two proposals to address this problem: collisional dark matter and strongly annihilating dark matter. Efficient scattering in both implies $m\ensuremath{\lesssim}12\mathrm{GeV}$ and $m\ensuremath{\lesssim}25\mathrm{GeV}$, respectively. We also show that the strong annihilation in the second scenario implies the presence of elastic scattering. Recent evidence suggests a collisional scenario where the cross section scales inversely with velocity---we argue superelastic processes are likely involved. Exceptions and implications for searches are discussed.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF RESISTANT HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS AFTER ACYCLOVIR THERAPY

Sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolates to acyclovir became reduced in two bone-marrow transplant patients treated for established mucocutaneous infections. These isolates were thymidine-kinase-deficient mutants and were isolated within a week of discontinuation of a 1 week course of acyclovir therapy. The herpetic lesions in both patients continued to heal despite continued shedding of these viruses. Further studies and experience with this new class of antiviral agents are needed to determine the extent to which emergence of less sensitive virus will present clinical difficulties and to formulate treatment regimens that will minimise the emergence of such mutants.
Methods for triangulation and revealing interaction

Quantitative methods in educational research tend to be heavily reductionist and to disregard interaction; most statistical models include an assumption of no interaction. Qualitative methods allow complexity and interaction, but tend not to include representations or otherwise allow the reader to "see" the interaction as the researcher can. By combining traditional qualitative methods with statistical modeling, we are afforded a better opportunity to see aspects of a phenomenon, but not always greater integration; interpretation does not easily emerge from potentially divergent data sets. By including social network analysis, which provides both summary statistics and graphical depiction of interaction we are afforded a better opportunity to examine collaborative work. Furthermore, technology facilitates collection and analysis of change over time in computer supported collaborative work. These methods enable a multifarious view of quantitative data, and allow for interpretation to more naturally emerge from multiple data sets.
CommunityCompare: visually comparing communities for online community leaders in the enterprise

Online communities are important in enterprises, helping workers to build skills and collaborate. Despite their unique and critical role fostering successful communities, community leaders have little direct support in existing technologies. We introduce CommunityCompare, an interactive visual analytic system to enable leaders to make sense of their community's activity with comparisons. Composed of a parallel coordinates plot, various control widgets, and a preview of example posts from communities, the system supports comparisons with hundreds of related communities on multiple metrics and the ability to learn by example. We motivate and inform the system design with formative interviews of community leaders. From additional interviews, a field deployment, and surveys of leaders, we show how the system enabled leaders to assess community performance in the context of other comparable communities, learn about community dynamics through data exploration, and identify examples of top performing communities from which to learn. We conclude by discussing how our system and design lessons generalize.
Words, art, body and memory: readings from a writer.

This essay considers the consequences of childhood experiences with family illness on future adult sensibilities. Novelist and memoirist Mary Gordon describes her father's early death from heart disease and her childhood responsibilities toward her mother who was chronically ill with polio. She examines the relations between the ill body and the rituals and teachings of Catholicism and, by implication, all religious imagings of the body. By detailing her current caregiving responsibilities toward her mother, who is now homebound with Alzheimer disease, she scrutinizes the responses of the healthy toward the ill. She cites passages from her own novels--The Other Side, The Shadow Man, and Spending--in which characters' bodies fail and sicken. By examining these retrospective and prospective experiences with other people's ailments, Gordon exhorts medical students and doctors to tend to the bodies in their care with skill, with vision, and with words. She joins fellow writer Joseph Conrad in his task: "by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make you feel; it is, before all, to make you see."
The relationship of selected variables to intrafamily similarity of defense preferences.

Summary Fifty males, 17 and 18 years of age, and their natural parents were given the Blacky Defense Preference Inventory to investigate the relationship between selected variables and intrafamily similarity of defense preferences (SDP). The results indicated that maternal age, parental identification, and birth order of son were related to son-mother SDP. However, paternal age, parental identification, and birth order of son were not associated with son-father SDP. The data indicated that son-father and son-mother SDP were highly correlated, and that husband and wife were inclined to have similar defense preferences. Socioeconomic class was not related to son-father or son-mother SDP.
Identification and DNA sequence analysis of a γ-type gliadin cDNA plasmid from winter wheat.

Recombinant cDNA plasmids possessing the coding sequences for the γ-type gliadins were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from wheat seed poly (A+) RNA. One of these plasmids, pGliB48, specifically hybridizes to poly (A+) RNA molecules 1 400–1 500 bases in length that direct the synthesis of polypeptides at 38 Kd and 46 Kd, the latter size characteristic of the γ-type gliadins. The cDNA sequence of pGliB48 was determined and encompasses the 3′ untranslated region as well as 245 amino acids from the C-terminus of the γ-type gliadin polypeptide. The 5′-end of the DNA coding sequence consists of a tandem repeat unit composed of eight amino acids. Localized regions of homology are observed for the α/β-type and γ-type gliadin cDNA sequences.