cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1226 THE EFFECT OF FASTING ON OVINE FETAL AND MATERNAL GLUCONEOGENIC ENZYMES

Fetal and maternal sheep were studied to determine whether changes in gluconeogenic enzyme activities could be detected in the liver and/or kidney associated with nutritional deprivation. Thirteen ewes and 16 fetuses were sacrificed in the fed state while 13 ewes with 17 fetuses were sacrificed after five days of fasting, all at 125 days gestation (term = 147 days). Fetal weight was decreased in the fasted versus fed group (2.86 ± .56 versus 3.61 ± .58 kg, p <.001). Weights of fetal liver (66 ± 16 versus 105 ± 27 gm), fetal kidney (9.3 ± 1.9 versus 12.4 ± 1.9 gm) and maternal kidney (74.9 ± 8.3 versus 88.0 ± 9.3 gm) were all significantly decreased with fasting (p < .001). Tissues were analyzed for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P), fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase (FDP), glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT). In both fetus and mother, G-6-P and FDP were increased during fasting when measured per gm liver tissue and per mg protein (p <.001). GOT and GPT were also increased in fetal liver but not in kidney with fasting. However, activities of the enzymes per whole fetal liver or kidney were not different between fed and fasted states. Therefore, although gluconeogenic enzyme activities increased in relative activity per unit weight in fetal tissues during fasting, total enzyme activity is unchanged due to a decrease in liver and kidney mass.
Detection of slug flow from pressure measurements

Abstract A slug pattern for gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipelines is observed when slugs of liquid block the whole pipeline and move as a coherent mass downstream at a velocity approximately equal to the gas velocity. At low gas velocities they are easily observed in a transparent pipe. However, at high gas velocities it is difficult to differentiate slugs from large amplitude waves which momentarily close off the pipe cross section. This paper shows how the pressure measurements at two locations, separated from each other in the flow direction, can be used to detect slugs.
Effects of phosphorus nutrition on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in alfalfa roots

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root reserves are thought to provide nutrients to regrowing shoots, enhance stress tolerance, and improve plant persistence. Factors affecting carbohydrate and protein accumulation and metabolism in roots are important in alfalfa production. Our objectives were to determine 1) the influence of phosphorus (P) nutrition on alfalfa shoot growth and root carbohydrate and protein metabolism after defoliation and 2) how quickly growth and root carbohydrate and protein metabolism of P‐deficient alfalfa plants responds to supplemental P. In Experiment 1, nodulated alfalfa was grown in quartz sand with minus‐nitrogen (N) Hoagland's solution containing 0,1,2, or 6 mM P. Root P concentrations increased with increasing solution P levels. Phytate P in roots of plants grown with 6 mM P was greater than that of plants grown in 0, 1, or 2 mM P. Shoot mass and shoots per plant were reduced by 67 and 43%, respectively, in plants grown with 0 mM P as compared to plants grown with 6 mM P...
Social Network Analysis in Human Resource Development: A New Methodology

Through an exhaustive review of the literature, this article looks at the applicability of social network analysis (SNA) in the field of humanresource development. The literature review revealed that a number of disciplines have adopted this unique methodology, which has assisted in the development of theory. SNA is a methodology for examining the structure among actors, groups, and organizations and aides in explaining variations in beliefs, behaviors, and outcomes. The article is divided into three main sections: social network theory and analysis, the social network approach and application to HRD. First, the article provides an overview of social network theory and SNA. Second, the process for conducting an SNA is described and third, the application of SNA to the field of HRD is presented. It is proposed that SNA can improve the empirical rigor of HRD theory building in such areas as organizational development, organizational learning, leadership development, organizational change, and training and development.
Phenotypic screening of pecan seedling rootstocks in search of nematode resistance

Open-pollinated seedstocks for pecan vary in phenology and composition predictably based on their provenance of origin in ways that impact performance. Open-pollinated rootstocks of pecan (Carya illinoinensis), water hickory (Carya aquatica), and their hybrids (Carya × lecontei) were screened for nematode resistance in outdoor above-ground box-plots. Seedstocks were selected to represent the broad geographic range of species diversity. Seedlings were inoculated with eggs of Meloidogyne partityla, the primary nematode pest of Carya, and were harvested after 1 year. All seedlings, except one, manifested nematode damage at moderate to high levels. Evidence of galling was greatest in seedlings from the southern provenance (Mexico), which rated comparably with seedlings from ‘Elliott’. No sources of resistance to Meloidogyne partityla were observed. The box structure allowed harvest of complete root systems and evaluation of plant composition in greater detail than previously observed. Seedlings from the southern provenance were generally distinguishable from other provenances in timing of seasonal growth, stem diameter and seedling height, which is consistent with previous observations. Root and stem dry weights were greatest in seedlings from the southern provenance, as expected based on size measurements. Percent root water varied significantly as a function of seedstock origin, and was negatively correlated with leaf weight. Leaf weights were positively correlated with dates of growth initiation. Uninfected control plants were not observed in this screening effort, and their absence limits the interpretation of patterns. Implications of these observations, as evidence of regional adaptation, merit further exploration by research.
Relationships between bladderinflammation and other clinical features in interstitial cystitis

Abstract Objectives. Interstitial cystitis (IC) has been considered possibly to represent more than one disease process. If so, patients would be expected to form distinct subgroups. The degree of mononuclear inflammation on bladder biopsy can be objectively quantified and might be a useful parameter for subgroup division. The hypothesis of this study was that patients with mild versus severe inflammation would differ with regard to other clinical features of IC. Methods. Sixteen patients who met the original National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for IC underwent cystoscopy with bladder distention and biopsy. The degree of mononuclear inflammation on bladder biopsy was classified as mild, with less than 100 mononuclear cells/high power field (HPF), or severe (100 or more mononuclear cells/HPF or lymphoid aggregates). Associations were sought between degree of inflammation and other subjective and objective clinical features. Results. Five patients had severe inflammation and 11 had mild inflammation. The major finding was that the patients with severe inflammation experienced better symptom relief after cystoscopy with bladder distention under anesthesia. This difference was highly significant (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0014). For the other clinical features studied, these two groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions. Two distinct IC patient groups were identified by bladder biopsy findings.These two groups had significantly different treatment responses. If this difference is confirmed with a larger number of patients, it would suggest that these two patient groups may have different underlying disease processes.
Thymidine uptake, incorporation and DNA polymerase activity in murine bladder tumor cell, MBT-2, exposed to UV activated dihematoporphyrin ether.

— Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new modality for treatment of malignancy. In this paper, we reported the effect of UV activated dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) on [3H] thymidine uptake and DNA synthesis in murine bladder tumor cells,MBT–2. Exponentially growing cells were pretreated with 0.05–5μg/ml of DHE for 30 min in complete darkness prior to irradiation with 0.15-0.90 J/cm2 of UV light (265 nm). The rates of thymidine uptake and DNA synthesis were suppressed in a DHE concentration and photic energy dependent manner. Double reciprocal analysis on the kinetics of the thymidine uptake and DNA synthesis indicated that the inhibition was non-competitive, i.e. decrease in both the apparent Km value and maximum velocity in DHE plus UV light treated cells. The activities of DNA polymerase a and (3 were determined by [*H] dATP incorporation into DNA of permeabilizedMBT–2 cells. DNA polymerase a activity was approximately 60% of the control after 0.45 J/cm2 of UV light exposure; a further inhibition of DNA polymerase a was observed when 0.5–5ng/W of DHE and UV photoradiation were combined. In contrast, a slight stimulation of DNA polymerase fJ was noted after a similar treatment. This study demonstrates that photodynamic therapy-induced suppression of DNA synthesis inMBT–2 cells is a complex process involving in reduction of thymidine transport as well as the perturbation of the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis.
Micro-RNAs in thyroid neoplasms: molecular, diagnostic and therapeutic implications

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small non-coding messenger RNA species that have emerged as potent regulators of a variety of biological processes including oncogenesis. They serve as master regulators with a single miRNA capable of regulating as many as 100 different target genes. Thyroid carcinomas encompass a wide spectrum ranging from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas to poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. Currently, a considerable degree of interobserver variability exists in the morphological diagnosis of certain types of thyroid carcinomas especially the follicular pattern neoplasm. The prediction of progression of these differentiated carcinoma to more aggressive forms like poorly differentiated and anaplastic types is of considerable interest to physicians and pathologists for determining prognosis and making therapeutic decisions. Several investigators have proposed a more cohesive approach to thyroid cancer diagnosis incorporating molecular and proteomics based tools in addition to the conventional morphological diagnosis. In this context, miRNAs serve as an important diagnostic tool, and several studies have demonstrated their utility as class identifiers especially in the context of follicular thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Larger studies and/or meta-analyses could further delineate their role in predicting cancer progression and prognosis. In the same vein, miRNAs and their target genes could be targeted for novel therapeutics in the future.
Deformable trellises on factor graphs for robust microtubule tracking in clutter

A main challenge in microtubule tracking is due to clutter, or the presence of many similar intersecting structures. This paper proposes a two-layered probabilistic formulation which has at its foundation a factor graph serving as a multi-label inference engine designed to provide distinction between open contours of interest and other microtubules or noise. The second layer is a deformable trellis defined over the resulting label probability map, where a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is employed to determine the most probable current location of the microtubule body. The overall framework enjoys the “best of both worlds” — the factor graph is effective in discriminating between contours of interest and others that exhibit similar statistical properties, while the deformable trellis with its HMM offer accurate modeling of microtubule dynamics in terms of growth and shortening, as well as precise body tracing, accounting for prior information, all within a principled Bayesian framework. Simulation results provide evidence that the proposed approach outperforms existing techniques.
Skeletal metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma in rats: morphometric analysis and role of parathyroid hormone-related protein.

BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone, where it induces osteoblastic lesions. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a product of normal and neoplastic prostate cells, may promote growth and bone metastasis of certain types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the: 1) pathogenesis and morphology of bone metastases in the MATLyLu rat prostate adenocarcinoma model, and 2) effect of PTHrP overexpression on tumor growth and incidence of bone metastasis. METHODS. MATLyLu cells were stably transfected with a PTHrP expression vector or control plasmid. PTHrP expression was determined in vitro by immunoradiometric assay and Northern blot analysis. MATLyLu cells were injected into the left ventricle of Copenhagen rats to induce bone metastases. Histology and radiography were used to quantify the size and number of bone metastases. Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme concentrations and histomorphometric analysis were used to evaluate bone formation and resorption. RESULTS. All rats developed osteolytic metastases in long bones and vertebrae. There was no evidence of increased intramedullary bone formation. PTHrP overexpression by MATLyLu cells was not associated with any difference in the incidence of bone metastasis, size of metastatic foci or tumor-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS. The MATLyLu intracardiac injection model of prostate carcinoma is an aggressive tumor model with a high incidence of osteolytic skeletal metastases, and is not altered by increased PTHrP production by neoplastic prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 39:187‐ 197, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Metal Oxide Domain Size, Dispersion, and Interaction in Mixed WOx/MoOx Catalysts Supported on Al2O3 for the Partial Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde

UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV−vis DRS) and the ethanol oxidation probe reaction were used to investigate the structure and function of binary transition metal oxide catalysts containing dispersed WOx and MoOx domains supported together on alumina. The efficacy of UV−vis DRS as a tool to identify segregated MoOx and WOx surface domains along with their growth into larger and interacting binary oxides is demonstrated for the first time. UV−vis absorption edge analysis of physical mixtures of single oxide catalysts indicates that spatially segregated domains of different composition result in multiple edges in the UV−vis absorption spectra. Binary oxide catalysts containing 0.5 Mo atoms/nm2 and 0.5 W atoms/nm2 show two distinct absorption edges at 3.60 and 4.13 eV, corresponding to spatially and compositionally segregated MoOx and WOx domains. At higher surface densities (2−8 total metal atoms/nm2) only one edge is observed, suggesting that MoOx and WOx are molecularly mixing and forming a ...
Transgeniculate signal transmission to middle suprasylvian cortex in intact cats and following early removal of areas 17 and 18: a morphological study

Removal of cat areas 17 and 18 early, but not late, in postnatal development results in the sparing of certain reflexive and nonreflexive visually guided behaviors. These spared behaviors are accompanied by an expansion of geniculocortical projections to middle suprasylvian (MS) cortex. However, little is known about the types of visual signals relayed along these pathways. The purpose of our study was to reveal the morphologies of the neurons participating in the rewired circuits and, by relating them to the morphologies of functionally characterized neurons described by others, infer the types of visual signals transmitted via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to MS cortex. To do this, we retrogradely labeled LGN neurons from MS cortex with fluorescent microspheres, and subsequently intracellularly filled them with Lucifer Yellow. We then classified well-filled neurons according to a battery of morphological parameters (such as soma size and shape, and dendritic field-form and specializations), and compared them with already defined structure/function relationships. By doing this, we found that the large majority of visual thalamic relay neurons to MS cortex of both normal cats and cats that incurred removal of areas 17 and 18 were types I and IV. These results indicate that visual Y and W signals, respectively, are relayed directly from LGN to MS cortex in both types of cats. Following the early lesions, some of the MS-projecting type I neurons were found in layers A and A1, where they are never found in intact cats. Thus, some layer A and A1 type I neurons redirect axons to MS cortex following early removal of areas 17 and 18. For the type IV MS-projecting neurons in early lesioned cats, the somas were hypertrophied and they had more profuse and broader dendritic arbors than equivalent neurons in intact cats. These results suggest that dynamic interactions take place between inputs and outputs of LGN neurons during development that influence final LGN neuron morphology. Moreover, they suggest that signals transferred to MS cortex by type IV neurons may be modified by early lesions of areas 17 and 18. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of the types of behaviors that may be spared by early lesions of areas 17 and 18.
Comparison of Clay Mineralogy of Late Quaternary Back-Barrier and Barrier Sediments, South Texas Coast: ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Mixed-layer illite-smectite and kaolinite are the most abundant clay minerals in five drill cores of Holocene-Pleistocene sediments, Mustang Island, Corpus Christi Bay area, Texas. The cores were bored from as much as 60 m (197 ft) below sea level, and penetrated three depositional environments interpreted as being fluvial-deltaic (Pleistocene), estuary and lagoon, and a barrier island complex (both Holocene). The clay-mineral assemblages of the Corpus Christi Bay cores were compared to those from similar environments in Aransas Bay, adjacent to the north, and were found to be different. In the Corpus Christi Bay area, the uniform distribution of clay-mineral species in the cores studied strongly suggests a more or less constant detrital source from the Nueces River over a period of approximately 35,000 years B.P. Available data on the clay mineralogy of sediments in the Nueces River drainage, which flows into Corpus Christi Bay, indicate that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral of lower Eocene sediments, and that montmorillonite is found in upper Eocene through Pleistocene sediments. We conclude that the clay-mineral assemblage found in cores in the Corpus Christi Bay is detrital, and that diagenetic clays are of minor significance.
An investigation of bimodal jet trajectory in flow through scaled models of the human vocal tract

Pulsatile two-dimensional flow through static divergent models of the human vocal folds is investigated. Although the motivation for this study is speech production, the results are generally applicable to a variety of engineering flows involving pulsatile flow through diffusers. Model glottal divergence angles of 10, 20, and 40° represent various geometries encountered in one phonation cycle. Frequency and amplitude of the flow oscillations are scaled with physiological Reynolds and Strouhal numbers typical of human phonation. Glottal velocity trajectories are measured along the anterior–posterior midline by using phase-averaged particle image velocimetry to acquire 1,000 realizations at ten discrete instances in the phonation cycle. The angular deflection of the glottal jet from the streamwise direction (symmetric configuration) is quantified for each realization. A bimodal flow configuration is observed for divergence angles of 10 and 20°, with the flow eventually skewing and attaching to the vocal fold walls. The deflection of the flow toward the vocal fold walls occurs when the forcing function reaches maximum velocity and zero acceleration. For a divergence angle of 40°, the flow never attaches to the vocal fold walls; however, there is increased variability in the glottal jet after the forcing function reaches maximum velocity and zero acceleration. The variation in the jet trajectory as a function of divergence angle is explained by performance maps of diffuser flow regimes. The smaller angle cases are in the unstable transitory stall regime while the 40° divergent case is in the fully developed two-dimensional stall regime. Very small geometric variations in model size and surface finish significantly affect the flow behavior. The bimodal, or flip-flopping, glottal jet behavior is expected to influence the dipole contribution to sound production.
Optimal Bayesian feature selection on high dimensional gene expression data

Recent work proposes a Bayesian hierarchical model for feature selection in which priors are placed over the identity of each feature, as well as over the underlying feature-label distribution. Given data, Bayesian inference can be used to find a maximum posterior probability feature set. In this work, we examine the application of this theory to microarray data for biomarker discovery. A major challenge is in adapting the theory to very high-dimensional spaces, and we thus propose two suboptimal feature selection algorithms based on optimal Bayesian feature selection theory that perform very well with relatively low computational burden, thus being ideal for molecular biomarker discovery. We demonstrate in a synthetic microarray model that performance of the proposed methods are quite robust to the deviations from modeling assumptions, and in fact achieve outstanding performance relative to popular methods.
Inhibition of Trace Element Release During Fe(II)-Activated Recrystallization of Al-, Cr-, and Sn-Substituted Goethite and Hematite

Aqueous Fe(II) reacts with Fe(III) oxides by coupled electron transfer and atom exchange (ETAE) resulting in mineral recrystallization, contaminant reduction, and trace element cycling. Previous studies of Fe(II)–Fe(III) ETAE have explored the reactivity of either pure iron oxide phases or those containing small quantities of soluble trace elements. Naturally occurring iron oxides, however, contain substantial quantities of insoluble impurities (e.g., Al) which are known to affect the chemical properties of such minerals. Here we explore the effect of Al(III), Cr(III), and Sn(IV) substitution (1–8 mol %) on trace element release from Ni(II)-substituted goethite and Zn(II)-substituted hematite during reaction with aqueous Fe(II). Fe(II)-activated trace element release is substantially inhibited from both minerals when an insoluble element is cosubstituted into the structure, and the total amount of release decreases exponentially with increasing cosubstituent. The limited changes in surface composition tha...
COMPARISON OF MONETARY REINFORCERS AND GOAL SETTING AS LEARNING INCENTIVES

Summary.-This 3 X 3 study (with one cell missing) examined the effectiveness of goal setting (participative, assigned, and no goals) and financial incentives (noncont~ngent, piece rate, and goal contingent) as techniques to stimulate learning 88 inexperienced trainees performed a 10-hr., 5-day proofreading proficiency task in a laboratory setting. The linear trends for all groups except the control group in which noncontingent ($30 for completing the training period) pay was offered were significant. Planned comparisons indicated that learning was greatest when a performance goal was assigned and a financial incentive offered for demonstrating that level of performance. The offer of piece-rate reicforcement also stimulated faster learning than the offer of nonconringenc pay. Setting goals, regardless of the method, did not result in significant performance increases beyond that achieved by offering a $30 incentive for merely completing the training. Finally, financial incentives affected goal choice. Implications for training programs were discussed.
Mineralogic variations across a thick amphibolite, Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, USA

Abstract Studies of serial suites of samples collected along six sections measured across the width of an amphibolite body, some 750 meters thick, reveal (1) the presence of a hornblende concentration near the presumed base of the body, (2) an upward sodium-enrichment trend reflected by plagioclase, and (3) an upward iron-enrichment trend reflected by variation in 100Mg/Mg+Fe 2 +Fe 3 +Mn values for hornblende. Consistent with field evidence, the data indicate formation of the amphibolite by metamorphism of a tabular mafic igneous body. The mineralogic variations are suggestive of those expected during the differentiation of a mafic sill in which the trends are controlled by early crystallization and subsequent gravitational accumulation of pyroxene. In addition to indicating igneous parentage, these variations establish the stratigraphic sequence.
Global Expression Profiling of Acetate-grown Escherichia coli∗

This study characterized the transcript profile of Escherichia coli in acetate cultures using DNA microarray on glass slides. Glucose-grown cultures were used as a reference. At the 95% confidence level, 354 genes were up-regulated in acetate, while 370 genes were down-regulated compared with the glucose-grown culture. Generally, more metabolic genes were up-regulated in acetate than other gene groups, while genes involved in cell replication, transcription, and translation machinery tended to be down-regulated. It appears that E. coli commits more resources to metabolism at the expense of growth when cultured in the poor carbon source. The expression profile confirms many known features in acetate metabolism such as the induction of the glyoxylate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and gluconeogenic genes. It also provided many previously unknown features, including induction of malic enzymes, ppsA, and the glycolate pathway and repression of glycolytic and glucose phosphotransferase genes in acetate. The carbon flux delivered from the malic enzymes and PpsA in acetate was further confirmed by deletion mutations. In general, the gene expression profiles qualitatively agree with the metabolic flux changes and may serve as a predictor for gene function and metabolic flux distribution.
Nucleon form factors and the BLAST experiment

Measurements of the charge and magnetic form factors of the nucleon present a sensitive test of nucleon models and QCD-inspired theories. A precise knowledge of the neutron form factors at low Q 2 is also essential to reduce the systematic errors of parity-violation experiments. At the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center, the nucleon form factors have been measured by means of scattering of polarized electrons from vector-polarized hydrogen and deuterium. The experiment used the longitudinally polarized stored electron beam of the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring along with an isotopically pure, highly vector-polarized internal atomic hydrogen and deuterium target provided by an atomic beam source. The measurements have been carried out with the symmetric Bates Large-Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) with enhanced neutron detection capability.
Mastitis history, California Mastitis Test, and somatic cell counts for identifying cows for treatment in a selective dry cow therapy program

Mastitis history, California Mastitis Test scores, and filter-deoxyribonucleic acid cell counts from 232 cows were used to project the effectiveness of criteria which could be used to determine which cows to treat in a selective dry cow therapy program. Bacteriological analyses of quarter milk samples were used to identify infected cows. Effects of month, lactation parity, stage of lactation, and interaction of stage of lactation with lactation parity on somatic cell numbers in milk were determined. The various criteria singly or in combinations correctly identified from 50 to over 92% of the cows with one or more infected quarters at drying off. However, from 25 to 80% of the cows free of infection would have been treated as well. The most discriminating criteria were two monthly cell counts exceeding 500,000 cells per milliliter where 53% of the cows with infected quarters were identified correctly and only 25% of the uninfected cows would be treated, or the two monthly cell counts exceeding 500,000 cells per milliliter plus a California Mastitis Test score of +2 or +3 at drying off. Here 89% of the cows with infected quarters would be treated, and 56% of the uninfected cows would be treated.
PREOPERATIVE PROSTATE NEEDLE BIOPSY p27 CORRELATES WITH SUBSEQUENT RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY p27, GLEASON GRADE AND PATHOLOGICAL STAGE

Purpose: Loss of p27 protein expression in radical prostatectomy specimens has been shown to be an adverse prognostic factor in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. To our knowledge no studies have examined p27 expression in prostate needle biopsies. To test the potential predictive power of p27 in prostate biopsies we compared p27 expression in preoperative biopsies and matched prostatectomy specimens of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Matched biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens from 44 patients were examined. Mean followup was 22.7 months (range 1 to 46). Tumors expressing less than 30% positive nuclei were classified as low expressors and tumors expressing greater than 30% positive nuclei were classified as high expressors of p27 protein.Results: Expression of p27 in prostate biopsies correlated significantly with subsequent p27 expression in radical prostatectomy specimens (p = 0.002). Sensitivity and specificity of biopsy p27 for predi...
Mixed hematopoietic chimerism at day 90 following allogenic myeloablative stem cell transplantation is a predictor of relapse and survival

We retrospectively analyzed the prognostic significance of mixed chimerism and associated clinical parameters in 80 patients following unmanipulated allogenic stem cell transplantation. Chimerism studies were performed on marrow aspirates using fluorescent in situ hybridization and variable number tandem repeats techniques at day +30, day +90 and +12 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 24 months (range, 1-56 months). Mixed chimerism was found in 23, 28 and 14% of patients at day +30 (1 month), +90 (3 months), and +12 months, respectively. Day +30 chimerism studies failed to provide any prognostic information. Day +90 mixed chimeras (MC) had significantly higher relapse rates compared to day +90 complete chimeras (CC) at 6 months (P=0.03) and 18 months when compared to MC (P=0.03) following transplant. The median OS in day +90 MC and day+90 CC were, respectively (95% CI, 2-35 months), compared to 47 months (95% CI, 20-74 months) (P=0.02). In conclusion, chimerism studies on day +30 could be reserved for patients who fail to demonstrate engraftment. Day +90 MC had higher relapse rates and lower OS, and therefore may be considered for novel therapies and future studies.
A liquid scintillation method for measuring carbon-14 uptake in photosynthesis.

THE accurate determination of the radioactivity of stock sodium carbonate solutions and the correction of the radioactivity of membrane filtered algae to zero thickness are two of the greatest barriers to accurate productivity measurements using carbon-14.
Induction of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) by cAMP regulates increases in α-ENaC

Alpha-ENaC expression and activity is regulated by a variety of hormones including beta-adrenergic agonists via the second messenger cAMP. We evaluated the early intermediate pathways involved in the up-regulation of SGK1 by DbcAMP and whether SGK1 is a prerequisite for induction of alpha-ENaC expression. Submandibular gland epithelial (SMG-C6) cells treated with DbcAMP (1 mM) induced both SGK1 mRNA and protein expression. DbcAMP-stimulated SGK1 mRNA expression was decreased by actinomycin D and mRNA and protein expressions were attenuated by PKA inhibitors (H-89 and KT5720). Inhibition of PI3-K with either LY294002 or dominant negative PI3-K reduced DbcAMP-stimulated SGK1 protein and mRNA levels, attenuated the phosphorylation of CREB (a cAMP-activated transcription factor) and decreased alpha-ENaC protein levels and Na(+) transport. In addition, the combination of PKA inhibitors with dominant negative PI3-K synergistically inhibited DbcAMP-induced Na(+) transport. Inhibition of SGK1 expression by siRNA decreased but did not obliterate DbcAMP-induced alpha-ENaC expression. Thus, in a cell line which endogenously exhibits minimal alpha-ENaC expression, induction of SGK1 by DbcAMP occurs via the PI3-K and PKA pathways. Increased alpha-ENaC levels and function are partly dependent upon the early induction of SGK1 expression.
A mass spectrometric study of the carbon-oxygen reaction—27 years later

Abstract The pioneering work on the development of the concept of carbon-active sites and the technique used to measure the active surface area is reviewed.
Mothers Who Work Outside of the Home and Their Children: A Survey of Health Professionals' Attitudes

A survey of 488 health professionals was undertaken to determine their beliefs regarding the effects of maternal employment outside the home of children. Forty percent of the respondents felt that it is better that the mother not work outside of the home and 74% thought part-time preferable to full-time employment. Male subjects were less favorable than female subjects toward maternal employment. Among the male physicians, older respondents, those with children, and those whose spouses did not work were less favorable toward mothers working. Personal characteristics of the respondent, especially gender, were significantly related to opinions, suggesting that health professionals' attitudes and their advice to mothers are largely based on personal experience and bias rather than knowledge of the research literature.
P300 Latency and Digit Span

The relationship betweeen P300 latency and digit span reported by Polich, Howard, and Starr (1983) is re-examined. Evidence is presented which shows that these authors' use of partial correlation to correct for age differences in their sample of subjects is erroneous because the assumption of linear regression is clearly not satisfied. This finding seriously questions Polich et al.'s conclusion that P300 latency and digit span covary irrespective of any relationship of the variables to age.
APC Is Essential for Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin to the SCFβ-TrCP Ubiquitin Ligase

Summary Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is an important mechanism that suppresses the β-catenin transcription factor in cells without Wnt stimulation. A critical step in this regulatory pathway is to create a SCF β-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase binding site for β-catenin. Here we show that the SCF β-TrCP binding site created by phosphorylation of β-catenin is highly vulnerable to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and must be protected by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein. Specifically, phosphorylated β-catenin associated with the wild-type APC protein is recruited to the SCF β-TrCP complex, ubiquitin conjugated, and degraded. A mutation in APC that deprives this protective function exposes the N-terminal phosphorylated serine/threonine residues of β-catenin to PP2A. Dephosphorylation at these residues by PP2A eliminates the SCF β-TrCP recognition site and blocks β-catenin ubiquitin conjugation. Thus, by acting to protect the E3 ligase binding site, APC ensures the ubiquitin conjugation of phosphorylated β-catenin.
A note on the server problem and a benevolent adversary

Abstract We consider the k-server problem , with the additional assumption that (1) the adversary makes only lazy moves (if it has a free server, not matched with our server, then it puts a request on such a server without moving it), and (2) whenever all our servers are matched with his servers, then he announces it to our algorithm. We show a k -competitive algorithm against such an adversary. As with the original server problem, no better than a k -competitive on-line algorithm is possible in this model.
State-of-the-art radiotherapy in the management of clinically localized prostate carcinoma

Four Phase III trials demonstrating higher prostate-specific antigen control rates in prostate cancer patients treated with higher doses of radiation have changed the standard of care. Emerging on-line technologies, improved imaging and computer algorithms, combined with an improved understanding of how best to apply them, have allowed radiation oncologists to move ever closer to the optimal application of curative radiation. This technology allows a higher dose to be delivered to tumor-bearing areas while minimizing the dose delivered to surrounding normal tissues. Real-time adaptive techniques have made each step more accurate, and commercialization has increasingly moved these advances further into the community setting. Phase III trials have also helped to define the role of hormonal therapy in combination with radiation and the benefits of prophylactic pelvic nodal radiotherapy in subsets of patients. We have also learnt how to optimize the use of prostate-specific antigen to better determine success and failure following radiotherapy.
Toward a characterization of landscapes of combinatorial optimization problems, with special attention to the phylogeny problem

This article introduces a coherent language base for describing and working with characteristics of combinatorial optimization problems, which is at once general enough to be used in all such problems and precise enough to allow subtle concepts in this field to be discussed unambiguously. An example is provided of how this nomenclature is applied to an instance of the phylogeny problem. Also noted is the beneficial effect, on the landscape of the solution space, of transforming the observed data to account for multiple changes of character state.
The internal friction of aluminum single crystals as a function of temperature

Abstract The variation with temperature of the internal friction of aluminum single crystals was studied. In the temperature range, 77°K to 350°K, the decrement of undeformed crystals exhibited only a slight dependence on temperature. Some results were obtained which indicated that deformation and rapid cooling to 77°K resulted in a relaxation peak at about 100°K, as reported by Bordoni. In the temperature range, 350°K to 450°K, as-grown crystals exhibited what appeared to be discontinuous increases and decreases of decrement with temperature and which appeared to be associated with the presence of an unstable disclocation configuration. An exponential dependence of decrement on temperature was observed in the temperature range 450°K to 650°K. An explanation of this behavior based on the formation of jogs at dislocation intersections is put forth. As predicted by the theory, variations of the activation energy for the exponential dependence with cold work and annealing are experimentally observed. The activation energy to form a jog at intersecting dislocations is calculated, and found to be about 17,000 cal/mole.
Radiographic outcomes of intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with the trochanteric fixation nail.

Summary Background Intertrochanteric hip fractures have become more common as the elderly population continues to increase, and surgical stabilisation of these fractures remains a persistent challenge. The purpose of this study was to analyse the ability of a new helical blade device to stabilise intertrochanteric hip fractures, and to further determine which factors are important in implant stability. Methods Two hundred and fifty-five patients with an intertrochanteric hip fracture were treated with a trochanteric fixation nail (TFN), 97 of whom fit strict radiographic and follow-up criteria and were included in the study group. After adjusting for magnification and rotation, blade migration within the femoral head and telescoping of the blade along its axis were measured using a custom-designed grid system. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine which variables predicted blade migration and telescoping. Results Fifty-nine fractures were classified as stable, and the remaining 38 were unstable. Mean telescoping was 4.3 mm in the unstable group, compared to 2.6 mm in the stable group ( p Conclusions Subtle migration (∼2 mm) of the tip of the blade within the femoral head occurred in all fractures, but this did not preclude maintenance of reduction and fracture healing, and was not predicted by fracture type, reduction quality, age, or gender. More telescoping occurred in unstable compared to stable fractures, but this averaged 4 mm and did not affect stable fixation or fracture healing. All position changes occurred within the first 6 weeks postoperatively, with no subsequent detectable migration or telescoping. Clinical correlations will be needed in the future to determine the significance of small amounts of migration or differences in telescoping, but this device appears to provide effective fixation in both stable and unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures.
The Structuring of Ethnicity

Dr. Joan Vincent is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Barnard College, Columbia University. The research upon which this paper is based was carried out in Uganda in 1966-67 as a Fellow of the East African Institute of Social Research, and again in 1970, financed by a Barnard College Faculty Research Grant. This is a revised and abridged version of a paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology in Miami, Florida, April 14 through 18, 1971.
Imagining partner loss and mortality salience: Consequences for romantic-relationship satisfaction

As hypothesized, imagining the death of one's romantic partner (for those currently involved in a romantic relationship for at least one continuous year) enhanced relationship satisfaction; unexpectedly, imagining one's own death did not markedly affect relationship satisfaction (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 found that imagining the death of one's partner has an impact similar to imagining a positive experience with one's partner regarding relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, imagining the death of one's romantic partner causes the individual to favorably change his/her perceptions of certain personality characteristics of the partner. Experiment 3 examined the interactive effects that certain personality traits had on imagining either the death of oneself or of one's romantic partner with respect to self-reported relationship satisfaction. The applied and theoretical implications of this research are extensively discussed.
What's in a nAme: What Analyst and Patient Call Each Other

Awkward moments often arise between patient and analyst involving the question, "What do we call each other?" The manner in which the dyad address each other contains material central to the patient's inner life. Names, like dreams, deserve a privileged status as providing a royal road into the paradoxical analytic relationship and the unconscious conflicts that feed it. Whether an analyst addresses the patient formally, informally, or not at all, awareness of the issues surrounding names is important.
Increased Mortality Rates During Resident Handoff Periods and the Effect of ACGME Duty Hour Regulations.

Abstract Background Medical errors occur following handoff-related miscommunication. Data regarding the effect on patient-centered outcomes, specifically mortality, are lacking. Our objective was to investigate handoff-related mortality and the effect of duty-hour regulations. Methods Retrospective cohort study of adult medical patients at a public, university-affiliated hospital from 2010 to 2012. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: handoff group (discharged within 7 days following a change in resident physician team) vs control group (discharged the 3 weeks of each 4-week rotation before resident service change). The primary outcome was unadjusted and adjusted hospital mortality rate. As a secondary prespecified analysis, we examined the effect of 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) duty-hour changes. Results Among 23,736 patients, unadjusted hospital mortality during the handoff group was higher than the control group (2.68% vs 2.08%, respectively; P = .007; odds ratio [OR] 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.57). Following adjustment, this association remained statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.34; P = .003; 95% CI, 1.10-1.62). Similarly, pre-duty-hour unadjusted hospital mortality was higher in the handoff group vs control group (2.87% vs 2.01%, respectively; P = .006; OR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.86), which remained statistically significant following adjustment (adjusted OR 1.50; P = .002; 95% CI, 1.16-1.95). However, this association lost statistical significance following duty-hour revision with respect to both unadjusted (2.48% vs 2.15%, respectively; P = .30; OR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.88-1.53) and adjusted mortality (OR 1.18; P = .26; 95% CI, 0.89-1.56). Conclusions Resident transition in care was significantly associated with an increase in unadjusted and adjusted hospital mortality. Although improved by 2011 ACGME duty-hour amendments, a trend toward higher mortality remained following resident handoff.
Conformity with Nature: A Theory of Chinese American Elders' Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Processes

Grounded theory methodology was used to generate a substantive theory that describes and explains the beliefs and behaviors regarding health promotion and illness prevention among Chinese elders in the United States.On the basis of data collected from 21 Chinese elders, the theory, conformity with nature, emerged. Three interrelated subprocesses-harmonizing with the environment, following bliss, and listening to heaven-were identified. This theory facilitates an understanding of ways to promote health and prevent illness and offers a guide for providing quality health care to Chinese elders in the United States.
Observations on the use of tribromethanol (avertin)

T HE observations covering a period of seven years of more than 4800 administrations of avertin* by various methods and many combinations of supporting agents are presented. As it is stiI1 a reIativeIy new agent there is much discussion of its fieIds of usefuIness, indications, contraindications and value. This report aIso reviews a technique for determining dosage, preparation and administration for basa1 narcosis, based on 2700 cases. The history of avertin began in 1923 when WiIIstaetter and Duisburg’ discovered the white crystaIIine powder resuiting from the yeast fermentation of broma1. Under a different name it was used by oral administration for the reIief of whooping cough in chiIdren2 but this method proved unsatisfactory and it was tried by rectum. The proIonged sIeep, somewhat like that produced by hedonal was noted. In 1926 EichhoItz3 suggested its use for anesthesia in cIinica1 surgery in Europe. Shipway and others began the use of avertin in EngIand in 1928 and have reported Iarge series of cases, as have KrieseIman5 in 193 I, Bourne6 in 1934, MueIIer’ and Woods 1936, and Maddox pubIished a book in 1931. methanoI. At first compIete anesthesia was sought and the drug was administered in dosages caIcuIated to produce this effect. The experimenta and cIinica1 methods of administration of both the pure form and the Auid form were by vein, subcutaneous injection and rectum. The subcutaneous use of the agent appears to have been limited to Iaboratory experiment.2 Endovenous use of the drug prepared from the crystaIs gave a very unreIiabIe anesthesia as regards depth and duration. The dose was prepared simiIarIy to that for recta1 use, except attention to have a11 parts of the apparatus steriIe was most rigid. The amount necessary for endovenous anesthesia is about one-third that estimated for recta1 use.g ResuIts with the fluid form were definiteIy better than with the pure preparation, but the cumbersome apparatus, the exact timing of procedures and the necessity for strict steriIity caused this method of administration to be discontinued.