cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case 1: Eye Discharge in a 10-day-old Neonate Born by Cesarean Delivery

1. Gagandeep Singh, MD* 2. Alvaro Galvis, MD* 3. Samrat Das, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC A 10-day-old boy presents with discharge from the left eye. It started at 3 days of age as a continuous, clear discharge and became copious and mucopurulent at 7 days of age. The mother reports swelling over the left eye, which started 2 days ago, and it worsened gradually so that he is not able to open his left eye today. The mother denies fever, trauma, sick contacts, recent travel, or rash. The patient was born at term via cesarean delivery. Maternal history is significant for a Trichomonas vaginalis infection during the second trimester, which was adequately treated. All other prenatal test results were negative. Review of the nursery records revealed that the patient received erythromycin prophylaxis for conjunctivitis. On admission, he is afebrile and his vitals are stable. Physical examination shows a fussy neonate with eyelid swelling and erythematous conjunctiva with mucopurulent discharge from the left eye. The remaining physical examination findings are normal. Initial laboratory evaluation shows a normal complete blood cell count and serum electrolyte levels. His human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test as well as rapid plasma reagin test results are negative. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis results are normal. Additional evaluation leads to the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of injected conjunctiva with eye discharge (conjunctivitis) in the neonatal period includes chemical conjunctivitis, chlamydia conjunctivitis, gonococcal conjunctivitis, and trauma. Gram-stain of the discharge from the left eye of our patient showed gram-negative diplococci, …
Two-Dimensional Jet and Cavity Flows

A method is given for calculating the location of free streamlines and the flow coefficient in certain two-dimensional, potential flows: Jet flow from a contracting channel and cavitating flow past a wedge in a channel. The problem is formulated in terms of the stream function in the flow, and a coordinate transformation is used to map the physical flow onto a velocity plane. The resulting boundary value problem for the stream function is solved in the velocity plane by separation of variables and an infinite integral representation. The results, given in terms of infinite integrals of elementary functions, may be calculated numerically. Key results are presented graphically.
Bayesian Modeling For Fatigue Crack Curves

An accurate assessment of the propagation of cracks in materials (“metal fatigue”) is important to the structural design and the development of preventive maintenance programs for many engineering structures, including critical aerospace components. Interest is centered on modeling the lifetime process, N(a), which represents the number of load cycles that elapse before a dominant (fatigue) crack evolves to a specified crack length, a. The traditional Paris-Erdogan model is devoted to modeling the variability in the crack growth rate, da / dN. Approximate, integrated versions of the Paris-Erdogan law have also provided the basis for various random coefficient regression models for sample functions from the process N(a). The stochastic behavior of fatigue crack propagation (FCP) is best depicted in a stochastic process model, carefully designed to account for the strong future-to-past dependencies that are present in fatigue crack growth. In this article, we model the lifetime N (a) as a point process with infinitely divisible independent increments, conditionally on a random directing measure which provides an explicit account for the future-to-past dependencies. Specifically, we use a doubly stochastic Poisson process, with directing measure proportional to a Dirichlet process. Future-to-past dependencies are built into a Pareto measure that plays the the role of the parameter of the (secondary) Dirichlet process. The choice of the Pareto measure is motivated by the Paris-Erdogan law and the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Fitting the model to experimental (or real life) data is accomplished via hierarchical prior Bayesian methodology. Sampling based techniques provide a feasible approach to the computation of the posterior distribution and the predictive distribution for future points on the trajectory of cracks still in propagation. Illustration is provided by fitting the proposed model to an extensive experimental data set reported in Virkler, Hillberry, and Goel (1977).
Distinct Graft-Specific TCR Avidity Profiles during Acute Rejection and Tolerance

Mechanisms implicated in robust transplantation tolerance at the cellular level can be broadly categorized into those that inhibit alloreactive T cells intrinsically (clonal deletion and dysfunction) or extrinsically through regulation. Here, we investigated whether additional population-level mechanisms control T cells by examining whether therapeutically induced peripheral transplantation tolerance could influence T cell populations' avidity for alloantigens. Whereas T cells with high avidity preferentially accumulated during acute rejection of allografts, the alloreactive T cells in tolerant recipients retained a low-avidity profile, comparable to naive mice despite evidence of activation. These contrasting avidity profiles upon productive versus tolerogenic stimulation were durable and persisted upon alloantigen re-encounter in the absence of any immunosuppression. Thus, peripheral transplantation tolerance involves control of alloreactive T cells at the population level, in addition to the individual cell level. Controlling expansion or eliminating high-affinity, donor-specific T cells long term may be desirable to achieve robust transplantation tolerance in the clinic.
Mobile Utility Support Equipment based Solid State Transformer (MUSE-SST) for MV Grid Interconnection with Gen3 10 kV SiC MOSFETs

With the increasing maturity of Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices at medium voltage (MV) level, high switching frequencies and low conduction losses in MV applications is possible. Higher switching frequency operation enables the reduction in size and weight of transformers. In an application such as MV-MV or MV-LV grid-interconnection, a solid state transformer offers a multitude of advantages compared to conventional transformers. A reduction in size and weight, in addition to having active and reactive power flow control have made SSTs a lucrative replacement to conventional low frequency (LF) transformers. Lower conduction losses exhibited by SiC devices (as compared to their silicon counterparts) have made it possible to achieve similar efficiencies as compared to conventional LF transformers. This paper aims at providing an overview of a MV MUSE-SST topology. A brief idea on control and monitoring is also provided. Practical design considerations that are required to build a MV system is provided to aid researchers in designing converters for MV applications. The protection aspects of the MV MUSE-SST system is also highlighted. Basic experimental results for the gate driver is also shown. Initial testing results with the Gen3 10 kV SiC MOSFETs and the challenges associated with it are also discussed. This research aims at being a building block for implementation and testing of the medium voltage converter systems.
Clinical Experience with a Mini-Computer Based Data Management System in Surgical Intensive Care

The Intensive Care environment presents many problems that can be solved with today’s computer technology. These problems include: (1) An increase in the data utilized in clinical decision making; (2) Increased requirements in data reporting to meet not only clinical, but medicolegal and third party reimburser requirements; (3) The significant costs associated with manual data processing; and (4) A shortage of the primary intensive care data processing personnel: nurses. In the past, numerous attempts have been made with solutions which failed to recognize the specific requirements of Intensive Care. Keeping these past attempts in mind, our group is making a continuing effort to develop a clinical data processing system capable of effectively fulfilling the needs of an Intensive Care environment. This report describes the present stage of this effort and the methods used to solve today’s important critical care problems.
Case 24-2019: A 39-Year-Old Woman with Palpitations, Abdominal Pain, and Vomiting.

A Woman with Palpitations, Abdominal Pain, and Vomiting A 39-year-old woman with cyclic vomiting syndrome and polysubstance use disorder presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, v...
Wind Energy Applications of Unified and Dynamic Turbulence Models

This study investigates linear and nonlinear dynamic LES and unified RANS-LES models obtained by stochastic analysis regarding the simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer. The advantages of dynamic LES methods are their accuracy, the ability to account for anisotropy and backscatter, and their computational stability. The advantage of unified RANS-LES models is their ability to provide results like LES for a fraction of the cost of LES. Two applications are considered: (i) turbulent boundary layer simulations on fine grids, which were performed to demonstrate the suitability of models for turbulent boundary-layer turbulence studies, and (ii) neutral boundary layer simulations on coarse grids, where subgrid models have to contribute significantly. On fine grids, all models perform comparably. On coarse grids, a nonlinear dynamic model provides the most accurate results. A nonlinear unified RANS-LES model is shown to be well applicable as a low cost alternative.
Leukocyte Labeling with 51Chromium

A method for labeling concentrated leukocytes in vitro with radioactive chromium is described. Intravascular survival data and organ distribution of the 51Cr-labeled leukocytes of ten hematologically normal subjects are presented and compared with the results of sequential or simultaneous granulocyte survival determinations using 32DFP. Both granulocytes and lymphocytes are labeled by 51Cr. No evidence of diminished cell viability or significant elution or reutilization of the label could be demonstrated by in vitro studies. Curves of both 51Cr and 32DFP leukocyte radioactivity in the circulation were exponential, with average T 1/2 values of 10.5 and 10.3 hours respectively, reflecting the random departure of labeled granulocytes from the circulation. An early rapid phase of label disappearance was noted in the 51Cr studies, attributable to label elution or the disappearance of labeled non-granulocytic leukocytes. Body counting rate curves during the first 12 hours parallel the disappearance of leukocyte and plasma radioactivity; a later plateau reflects radioactivity in RBC contaminating the concentrated leukocyte suspensions. No evidence of pulmonary or splenic sequestration was noted. Estimations of granulocytic pool sizes from the 51Cr data compared poorly with data derived using 32DFP, probably as a result of the early elution of a portion of the radiochromate from the labeled cells or from the more rapid disappearance of 51Cr-labeled mononuclear cells. Epinephrine infusion after injection of labeled leukocytes produced peripheral leukocytosis, increased counting rates over the lungs, liver and heart and a marked diminution in counting rates over the spleen suggesting that a significant portion of the marginal granulocytic pool is located in the spleen. We conclude that the 51Cr labeling technic will be useful in the study of the intravascular survival and tissue distribution of cells not labeled with 32DFP, and that its use will supplement the study of granulocytes labeled with 32DFP.
Adaptive Beamforming in High-Interference Environments Using a Software-Defined Radio Array

Digital beamforming adaptive nulling algorithms analyze the digital signals received by the beamformer to cancel interference while receiving a desired signal. In high-interference environments, however, classical approaches to digital beamforming often cannot distinguish between the intended signal and interferences, disrupting the intended operation. Here we present a novel beamforming methodology based on evolutionary search techniques that is capable of adaptive interference cancellation in high-interference environments. We present experimental results on the performance of our proposed technique using an in-house developed software defined radio digital beamformer.
Wnt Signaling Drives Prostate Cancer Bone Metastatic Tropism and Invasion

Abstract Wnt signaling has been implicated as a driver of prostate cancer-related osteoblast differentiation, and previous studies have linked modifications in Wnt function with the induction of tumor metastasis. A unique aspect of prostate cancer bone metastases in mouse models is their relative predilection to the hindlimb (femur) compared to the forelimb (humerus). Comparative gene expression profiling was performed within the humerus and femur from non–tumor-bearing mice to evaluate differences in the microenvironments of these locations. This revealed the relative overexpression of the Wnt signaling inhibitors WIF1 and SOST in the humerus compared to the femur, with increased WNT5A expression in femur bone marrow, suggesting a coordinated upregulation of Wnt signals within the femur compared to the humerus. Conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5 cells) was used to mimic the bone marrow microenvironment, which strongly promoted prostate cancer cell invasion (3.3-fold increase in PC3 cells, P
Intracellular acidification facilitates receptor-operated TRPC4 activation through PLCδ1 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner.

Key points Receptor-operated activation of TRPC4 cation channels requires Gi/o proteins and phospholipase-Cδ1 (PLCδ1) activation by intracellular Ca2+ . Concurrent stimulation of the Gq/11 pathway accelerates Gi/o activation of TRPC4, which is not mimicked by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ . The kinetic effect of Gq/11 was diminished by alkaline intracellular pH (pHi ) and increased pHi buffer capacity. Acidic pHi (6.75-6.25) together with the cytosolic Ca2+ rise accelerated Gi/o -mediated TRPC4 activation. Protons exert their facilitation effect through Ca2+ -dependent activation of PLCδ1. The data suggest that the Gq/11 -PLCβ pathway facilitates Gi/o activation of TRPC4 through hydrolysing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) to produce the initial proton signal that triggers a self-propagating PLCδ1 activity supported by regenerative H+ and Ca2+ . The findings provide novel mechanistic insights into receptor-operated TRPC4 activation by coincident Gq/11 and Gi/o pathways and shed light on how aberrant activation of TRPC4 may occur under pathological conditions to cause cell damage. Abstract Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 4 (TRPC4) forms non-selective cation channels activated downstream from receptors that signal through G proteins. Our recent work suggests that TRPC4 channels are particularly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins, with a co-dependence on phospholipase-Cδ1 (PLCδ1). The Gi/o -mediated TRPC4 activation is dually dependent on and bimodally regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), the substrate hydrolysed by PLC, and intracellular Ca2+ . As a byproduct of PLC-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis, protons have been shown to play an important role in the activation of Drosophila TRP channels. However, how intracellular pH affects mammalian TRPC channels remains obscure. Here, using patch-clamp recordings of HEK293 cells heterologously co-expressing mouse TRPC4β and the Gi/o -coupled μ opioid receptor, we investigated the role of intracellular protons on Gi/o -mediated TRPC4 activation. We found that acidic cytosolic pH greatly accelerated the rate of TRPC4 activation without altering the maximal current density and this effect was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ elevation. However, protons did not accelerate channel activation by directly acting upon TRPC4. We additionally demonstrated that protons exert their effect through sensitization of PLCδ1 to Ca2+ , which in turn promotes PLCδ1 activity and further potentiates TRPC4 via a positive feedback mechanism. The mechanism elucidated here helps explain how Gi/o and Gq/11 co-stimulation induces a faster activation of TRPC4 than Gi/o activation alone and highlights again the critical role of PLCδ1 in TRPC4 gating.
Sweeping potential regulated structural and chemical evolution of solid-electrolyte interphase on Cu and Li as revealed by cryo-TEM

Abstract A fundamental understanding of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is paramount importance for controlling the cycling performance of rechargeable lithium metal batteries. The structural and chemical evolution of SEI with respect to electrochemical operating condition remains barely established. Here we develop a unique method for imaging the evolution of SEI formed on the Cu foil under sweeping electrochemical potential. By using cryogenic TEM imaging combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy electronic structure analyses, we reveal that, for the vinylene carbonate (VC)-free electrolyte, the SEI formed at 1.0 V is a monolithic amorphous structure, which evolves to amorphous matrix embedded with Li2O particles as the voltage decreases to 0 V. In the case of VC-containing electrolyte, the SEI is featured by an amorphous matrix with Li2O particles from 1.0 V to 0 V. The thickness of SEI formed on Cu foil increases with decreasing voltage. Associated with the localized charge modulation by the surface topographic feature and defects in the Cu foil, the SEI layer shows direct spatial correlation with these structural defects in the Cu. In addition, upon Li deposition, the SEI formed on the Li metal has similar thickness with, but different composition from the SEI formed on the Cu foil at 0 V. Those results provide insight toward SEI engineering for enhanced cycling stability of Li metal.
An Online Wide-Area Direct Coordinated Control Architecture for Power Grid Transient Stability Enhancement Based on Subspace Identification

In this article, by calculating the potential energy of generators, a dynamic real-time energy function based power grid model for the multimachine system is proposed based on available measurement (synchrophasor and prediction). Then, a wide-area optimal control framework that can control multiple generators simultaneously to enhance the transient stability of the system and increase the stability margin is designed and implemented. The main contributions are the proposed dynamic model is dynamic, feasible, and can effectively capture grid dynamics and transients. Furthermore, the architecture provides a dynamic state-space model based on grid events. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE 68 bus test system and the results are provided. It is observed that the proposed control architecture provides an increased stability margin (up to 60%) and improved critical clearing time by 30%.
Synaptopodin deficiency exacerbates kidney disease in a mouse model of Alport syndrome.

Synaptopodin (Synpo) is an actin-associated protein in podocyte foot processes. By generating mice that completely lack Synpo, we previously showed that Synpo is dispensable for normal kidney function. However, lack of Synpo worsened adriamycin-induced nephropathy, indicating a protective role for Synpo in injured podocytes. Here, we investigated whether lack of Synpo directly impacts a genetic disease, Alport syndrome (AS), because Synpo is reduced in podocytes of affected humans and mice; whether this is merely an association or pathogenic is unknown. We used collagen type IV-α5 (Col4a5) mutant mice, which model X-linked AS, showing glomerular basement membrane (GBM) abnormalities, eventual foot process effacement, and progression to end-stage kidney disease. We intercrossed mice carrying mutations in Synpo and Col4a5 to produce double-mutant mice. Urine and tissue were taken at select time points to evaluate albuminuria, histopathology, and glomerular capillary wall composition and ultrastructure. Lack of Synpo in Col4a5-/Y, Col4a5-/-, or Col4a5+/- Alport mice led to the acceleration of disease progression, including more severe proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Absence of Synpo attenuated the shift of myosin IIA from the podocyte cell body and major processes to actin cables near the GBM in the areas of effacement. We speculate that this is mechanistically associated with enhanced loss of podocytes due to easier detachment from the GBM. We conclude that Synpo deletion exacerbates the disease phenotype in Alport mice, revealing the podocyte actin cytoskeleton as a target for therapy in patients with AS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary disease of the glomerular basement with hematuria and proteinuria. Podocytes eventually exhibit foot process effacement, indicating actin cytoskeletal changes. To investigate how cytoskeletal changes impact podocytes, we generated Alport mice lacking synaptopodin, an actin-binding protein in foot processes. Analysis showed a more rapid disease progression, demonstrating that synaptopodin is protective. This suggests that the actin cytoskeleton is a target for therapy in AS and perhaps other glomerular diseases.
A standardized framework for quantitative assessment of cities’ socioeconomic resilience and its improvement measures

Abstract Natural disasters, social unrest, and economic turmoil pose serious threats to major cities across the world. Socioeconomics is one of the drivers for disaster resilience since disaster events affect the social and economic growth of cities. Although many research studies addressed disaster preparedness, recovery, and other aspects of resilience, few have been dedicated to addressing socioeconomic resilience (SER) and even fewer addressed quantifying SER, presenting a problem that needs to be addressed. The objective of this research is focused on creating a standardized framework that quantifies and can compare, the SER of cities. The research efforts identify and establish the key performance indicators (KPI) through a content analysis followed by thematic analysis to create a final list of validated socioeconomic KPIs. The research results provide a threefold contribution to the research body of knowledge. Firstly, a standardized quantification mechanism, specific to the US, is created for assessing the SER of cities, which was further validated and piloted over three different cities as a case study. Secondly, the research introduces several improvement measures for each socioeconomic indicator which can help in restoring and improving these indicators and consequently the overall SER status. Finally, the research introduces an extensive list of different approaches for engaging and acquiring citizen buy-in to those improvement measures. The outcomes of this research can be used by city officials, policymakers, and community leaders among many other stakeholders to identify the weaknesses in their socioeconomic structure and implement measures to mitigate them.
Evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Identification and Quantification of Clinically Relevant Bacterial Species in Lower Extremity Wound Infections

Abstract Identification of bacteria by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is known to be more sensitive than culture, which brings to question the clinical applicability of the results. In this study, we evaluate the ability of PCR to detect clinically relevant bacterial species in lower extremity wound infections requiring operative debridement, as well as the quantitative change in biodiversity and bacterial load reflected by PCR during the course of treatment. 34 infected lower extremity were examined by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA subunit and by culture. McNemar's test was used to measure the concordance of clinically relevant bacterial species identified by PCR compared to culture during each debridement. Change in wound biodiversity from initial presentation to final closure was evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to characterize change in measured bacterial load over the course of operative debridement. A total of 15 and 12 clinically relevant bacterial species were identified by PCR and culture, respectively. The most common bacterial species identified were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. PCR was less likely to detect Enterococcus spp. on initial debridement and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus on closure in this study population. A significant decrease in mean number of clinically relevant species detected from initial debridement to closure was reflected by culture (p=0.0188) but not by PCR (p=0.1848). Both PCR (p=0.0128) and culture (p=0.0001) depicted significant reduction in mean bacterial load from initial debridement to closure. PCR is able to identify common clinically relevant bacterial species in lower extremity surgical wound infections. PCR displays increased sensitivity compared to culture with relation to detection of biodiversity, rather than bacterial load. Molecular diagnostics and conventional culture may serve a joint purpose to assist with rendering clinical judgment in complex wound infections. Level of Evidence: Level I
Acute Lower Extremity Injury Rates Increase after Concussion in College Athletes.

AB Dynamic postural control deficits and disrupted cortical pathways have been reported to persist beyond an athlete's return to activity after concussion, potentially increasing the risk of acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury rates before and after concussion in athletes with concussion and their matched control. Methods: College athletes with concussion (n = 44; age, 20.0 +/- 1.2 yr) were physician-diagnosed. Nonconcussed college athletes (n = 58; age, 20.5 +/- 1.3 yr) were matched to individuals with concussion. Acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury data were collected for 2 yr (+/-1 yr of the diagnosed concussion) using electronic medical records. Control participants' 2-yr window for exposure and musculoskeletal injury data were anchored to their match's concussion injury date. Pre- and postconcussion musculoskeletal injury rates were calculated for 90-, 180-, and 365-d periods for both study cohorts. Risk ratios were calculated to determine differences within and between groups for all periods. Results: Within 1 yr after concussion, the group with concussion was 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-3.28; P = 0.01) times more likely to have experienced an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after concussion than before concussion and 1.64 times (95% CI, 1.07-2.51; P = 0.02) more likely to have experienced an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after concussion than their matched nonconcussed cohort over the same period. Up to 180 d after concussion, the group with concussion was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.08-3.78; P = 0.02) times more likely to have experienced an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after concussion than before concussion. Conclusions: Previous literature has identified dynamic postural control deficits along with increased motor evoked potential latency and decreased amplitude after concussion, suggesting that the brain may be unable to effectively coordinate movement. Our findings underscore the need to explore functional movement and dynamic postural control assessments in postconcussion injury assessment protocols.
Bone mineral (31)P and matrix-bound water densities measured by solid-state (31)P and (1)H MRI

Bone is a composite material consisting of mineral and hydrated collagen fractions. MRI of bone is challenging because of extremely short transverse relaxation times, but solid-state imaging sequences exist that can acquire the short-lived signal from bone tissue. Previous work to quantify bone density via MRI used powerful experimental scanners. This work seeks to establish the feasibility of MRI-based measurement on clinical scanners of bone mineral and collagen-bound water densities, the latter as a surrogate of matrix density, and to examine the associations of these parameters with porosity and donors' age. Mineral and matrix-bound water images of reference phantoms and cortical bone from 16 human donors, aged 27-97 years, were acquired by zero-echo-time 31-phosphorus ((31)P) and 1-hydrogen ((1)H) MRI on whole body 7T and 3T scanners, respectively. Images were corrected for relaxation and RF inhomogeneity to obtain density maps. Cortical porosity was measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT), and apparent mineral density by peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). MRI-derived densities were compared to X-ray-based measurements by least-squares regression. Mean bone mineral (31)P density was 6.74 ± 1.22 mol/l (corresponding to 1129 ± 204 mg/cc mineral), and mean bound water (1)H density was 31.3 ± 4.2 mol/l (corresponding to 28.3 ± 3.7 %v/v). Both (31)P and bound water (BW) densities were correlated negatively with porosity ((31)P: R(2) = 0.32, p < 0.005; BW: R(2) = 0.63, p < 0.0005) and age ((31)P: R(2) = 0.39, p < 0.05; BW: R(2) = 0.70, p < 0.0001), and positively with pQCT density ((31)P: R(2) = 0.46, p < 0.05; BW: R(2) = 0.50, p < 0.005). In contrast, the bone mineralization ratio (expressed here as the ratio of (31)P density to bound water density), which is proportional to true bone mineralization, was found to be uncorrelated with porosity, age or pQCT density. This work establishes the feasibility of image-based quantification of bone mineral and bound water densities using clinical hardware.
Fast grasp quality evaluation with partial convex hull computation

We present Partial Quick Hull (PQH), an algorithm to efficiently compute one of the most commonly used grasp quality metrics. The metric relies on the computation of the convex hull of a set of points in a six dimensional space. Built on top of widely used QuickHull algorithm, PQH exploits the relationship between the convex hull and the grasp quality metric to avoid computing the whole convex hull. PQH determines at run time when the computation can be ended because the grasp quality metric can be already determined from a partially computed convex hull - hence the name of the algorithm. This improvement greatly accelerates grasp quality evaluation for force closure grasps. When the grasp is not force closure, the partial computation does not apply and PQH then behaves exactly like QuickHull. A large set of experimental tests show how PQH largely outperforms QuickHull and better scales with the size of the input.
A continuous treatment model for estimating a Dose Response Function under endogeneity and heterogeneous response to observable confounders: Description and implementation via the Stata module “ctreatreg”

This paper presents an original econometric model for estimating a Dose Response Function though a regression approach when treatment is continuous, individuals may react heterogeneously to observable confounders and selection-into-treatment may be (potentially) endogenous. After the description of the model, two estimation procedures are set out: one based on OLS under conditional mean independence, and one based on IV under selection endogeneity. The paper goes on by presenting ctreatreg, a author’s user-written Stata routine for an easy implementation of such a model. The paper proceeds by performing a Monte Carlo experiment to test the reliability of the model and of its associated Stata routine. Results show that the model and the Stata routine ctreatreg are both reliable as estimates consistently fit the expected results.
Structure of a bacterial photosynthetic membrane. Isolation, polypeptide composition, and selective proteolysis.

Abstract A procedure for the isolation of highly purified bacterial photosynthetic membranes from Rhodopseudomonas viridis is described. The purity of the final membrane fraction has been confirmed by electron microscopy. Seven major polypeptide bands are associated with the photosynthetic membranes, and all seven are resistant to solubilization in Triton X-100 detergent. Two pigmented bands with apparent molecular weights of 44K and 41K are thought to be cytochromes. The three polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 38K, 32K, and 28K have been reported in reaction center preparations of other laboratories. Two low-molecular-weight (16K and 11K) bands bind bacteriochlorophyll b and may represent light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes. The structures that were isolated seem to represent complete photosynthetic membranes, consisting of reaction center, electron transport, and light-harvesting components, all arranged in the regular lattice characteristic of viridis. Selective proteolysis of these membranes indicates that all membrane components are acessible to digestion by trypsin and pronase, except for the light-harvesting complexes.
Marrying Neo-Chicago with Behavioral Antitrust

Neo-Chicago Antitrust is the topic of this symposium. Its adherents characterize it as a return to Chicago principles, informed by the developments in economic thinking over the past thirty-or-so years – notably, insights from both the Chicago and Post-Chicago schools. Behavioral Antitrust is a new area of scholarly inquiry that has gathered some attention in very recent years. The earliest article explicitly proposing a behavioral approach to antitrust was written in 2002. Proponents encourage courts and policy-makers to import the study of behavioral law and economics into antitrust analysis, using empirical study better to understand the conduct of individuals in market settings. Like foregoing antitrust economics movements, Behavioral Antitrust is on its face result-neutral, but as it has been discussed to date, it has a political slant. Until very recently, all of the writing advocating Behavioral Antitrust favored increased antitrust enforcement. Neo-Chicago and Behavioral Antitrust came along at about the same time, and a marriage of the two might temper any respective tendencies of either toward predetermined political ends. The combination might produce a more result-neutral enterprise of “economically informed antitrust.” Neo-Chicago promises an improvement over Chicago’s simplification of facts in pursuit of tractability, which Chicago’s advocates applaud but critics argue has gone so far as to produce false understandings of marketplace conduct and effects. That suggests adherents might be receptive to efforts of Behavioral Antitrust scholars in critiquing antitrust rules in the light of empirical studies of individual economic actors. Behavioral Antitrust, in turn, has the goal of informing the assumptions underlying established economic theory through empirical study of the behavior of individual economic actors. That goal might be advanced by looking to Neo-Chicago’s combination of theories from the Chicago and Post-Chicago Schools for a comprehensive theoretical framework for analysis. I suggest here a possible synthesis of Neo-Chicago with Behavioral Antitrust into an enterprise of “economically informed antitrust.”
Age- and sex-specific thorax finite element model development and simulation.

Objective: The shape, size, bone density, and cortical thickness of the thoracic skeleton vary significantly with age and sex, which can affect the injury tolerance, especially in at-risk populations such as the elderly. Computational modeling has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool to assess injury risk. However, current computational models only represent certain ages and sexes in the population. The purpose of this study was to morph an existing finite element (FE) model of the thorax to depict thorax morphology for males and females of ages 30 and 70 years old (YO) and to investigate the effect on injury risk.Methods: Age- and sex-specific FE models were developed using thin-plate spline interpolation. In order to execute the thin-plate spline interpolation, homologous landmarks on the reference, target, and FE model are required. An image segmentation and registration algorithm was used to collect homologous rib and sternum landmark data from males and females aged 0–100 years. The Generalized P...
Influence of short term incubation of hematopoietic cells with growth factors on production of progenitor cells

Short term incubation of bone marrow cells for 1 hour at 37°C with hematopoietic growth factors: IL-3, GM-CSF, and G-CSF either alone or in combination augmented GM-CFC production as measured in the 7 day liquid culture system. The increase of progenitors may lead to shortening of hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo.
Energy Flux and Wavelet Diagnostics of Secondary Mountain Waves

Abstract In recent years, aircraft data from mountain waves have been primarily analyzed using velocity and temperature power spectrum and momentum flux estimation. Herein it is argued that energy flux wavelets (i.e., pressure–velocity wavelet cross-spectra) provide a more powerful tool for locating and classifying different types of mountain waves. In the first part of the paper, pressure–velocity cross-spectra using various linear mountain-wave solutions are shown to be capable of disentangling collocated waves with different propagation directions and wavelength. A field of group velocity vectors can also be determined. In the second part, the energy flux wavelet technique is applied to five cases of mountain waves entering the stratosphere from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in 2006. Perturbation pressure along the flight track is determined using aircraft static pressure corrected hydrostatically with GPS altitude. In four of the cases, collocated long up-propagating and short down-prop...
Can Toddy Give Me an Orange? Parent Input and Young Children's Production of I and You

Learning personal pronouns is a challenging linguistic task because children must adopt words for self- and other-reference that parents use for other- and self-reference, respectively. We examined person-reference in action contexts by 11 first–born children and their parents from the CHILDES database, coding the extent to which parents mixed first- and second-person pronouns with third-person names as well as their children's production of I, you, and other self- and other-referring words. Children whose parents produced a mix of pronouns and names for self- and other-reference (i.e., I, me, my, and Mommy; you and child name) acquired I and you more readily compared with children whose parents mixed pronouns and names only for self-reference and children whose parents produced only I and you. Moreover, children in the latter two groups were more likely to spontaneously introduce forms other than I and you for self- and other-reference. We conclude that young children are conceptually prepared to acquire...
Fluid Resuscitation in Sepsis: Reexamining the Paradigm

Sepsis results in widespread inflammatory responses altering homeostasis. Associated circulatory abnormalities (peripheral vasodilation, intravascular volume depletion, increased cellular metabolism, and myocardial depression) lead to an imbalance between oxygen delivery and demand, triggering end organ injury and failure. Fluid resuscitation is a key part of treatment, but there is little agreement on choice, amount, and end points for fluid resuscitation. Over the past few years, the safety of some fluid preparations has been questioned. Our paper highlights current concerns, reviews the science behind current practices, and aims to clarify some of the controversies surrounding fluid resuscitation in sepsis.
Measured Interconnected Behavior of Wind Turbine Inverters

Distribution engineers are concerned about harmonic currents injected in the distribution network by switching inverters and load controls. When an inverter is driven by a random power source such as a windmill or photo voltaic array, the effects may be exacerbated due to second by second power output variations due to the source as well as the cycle by cycle distortion due to switching semi-conductors in the inverter. During a performance measurement program on nearly 20 consumer-owner wind turbines in Michigan, the authors' had the opportunity to record the harmonic, var, and voltage behavior of several single- phase line-commutated inverters supplied with variable- speed wind-turbine generators.
Logarithmic nonlinearities within the framework of stochastic mechanics.

We investigate special types of solutions of the hydrodynamical version of a generalized Schr\"odinger-Langevin equation (GNLSLE), derived in an earlier work, via stochastic mechanics. Within the same scheme of stochastic differential equations, we decompose the stochastic process associated with the GNLSLE into two independent processes: a classical Langevin-type process and a pure quantum Nelson-type process.
The Origins of Monumental Architecture in Ancient Hawai'i

At the time of European contact in AD 1778, chiefs in the Hawaiian archipelago had implemented a temple network that helped reaffirm an ideology of kingship, feudalize land ownership, impose ritual...
Patient acceptance of prefilled disposable vaginal applicator

Patient acceptance of a new, compact, prefilled disposable vaginal applicator was tested in an open study in which 2% butoconazole cream was used for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Twenty nonpregnant patients with clinical signs and symptoms of candidiasis and microscopic identification of Candida in wet smear were treated for 3 days and then asked to rate the convenience of and their acceptance of the prefilled vaginal applicator. No adverse events were reported. All of the patients readily accepted the idea of a prefilled applicator and judged the shape and surface of the test applicator to be comfortable and the applicator to be easily inserted. Patients judged this applicator to be the most convenient and least messy when compared with other commercially available, reusable, or prefilled disposable applicators.
Population selection and performance of the exercise ECG for the identification of coronary artery disease

To quantify the effect of population selection on the performance of exercise ECG criteria for the detection of coronary artery disease, the exercise ECGs of 212 clinically normal nonvolunteer subjects, 31 patients with no significant coronary disease at angiography, 153 patients with clinically stable angina, and 184 patients with catheterization-proved coronary disease were examined. Test specificity was examined separately in clinically normal subjects and in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, and test sensitivity was determined separately in patients with stable angina and those with catheterization-proved disease. Definition and selection of normal and abnormal study populations had marked effects on test performance. Standard ECG criteria, a simple ST depression magnitude partition of 150 μV. an St segment/heart rate (STHR) index partition of 1.60 μV/beat/min, and an STHR slope partition of 2.40 μV/beat/min, identified coronary disease with comparably high specificities (94% to 97%) in clinically normal subjects, but with significantly lower specificities (68% to 77%, p = 0.002 to 0.0001) in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Although sensitivity was significantly lower in patients with stable angina than in patients with catheterization-proved coronary disease for standard criteria (54% vs 70%, p = 0.004) and for the STHR index (88% vs 95%, p = 0.04), there was no significant difference in the poor sensitivity of the simple ST depression magnitude criteria (51% vs 58%) or in the high sensitivity of the STHR slope (93% vs 96%) in these abnormal patient groups. However, the 51% to 70% test sensitivities of standard criteria and simple ST depression criteria were significantly lower than the 88% to 96% test sensitivities of the STHR index and the STHR slope, both in patients with clinical angina and those with proved coronary disease (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Thus test sensitivity and specificity of both standard and heart rate-adjusted ST depression criteria vary with the definition and selection of normal and abnormal clinical populations used to assess test performance. In these clinically relevant populations, improved performance of the STHR slope and the STHR index relative to standard ST segment depression criteria for the identification of coronary disease does not appear to be a consequence of selection factors.
897 PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE (PnVx) IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD): IgG AND IgM ANTIBODY RESPONSE

The IgG and IgM class-specific antibody response to PnVx in SCD patients was investigated since pneumococcal infection after PnVx occurs in some SCD patients and since patients with functional asplenia (including SCD) may not be able to form normal levels of protective antibody and/or switch from IgM to IgG class of antibody in response to certain antigens. Both normals and SCD patients formed IgG as well as IgM antibody by ELISA to each pneumococcal type tested. The level and predominant class of antibody varied between serotypes. Mean Fold-increase (log2) in Antibody Titer to PnVx Serotypes: Although statistically significant differences were not found, slightly lower responses were noted in SCD patients, especially to type 6, a serotype frequently associated with PnVx failure. Further testing in patients with PnVx failure will be necessary to determine if inadequate IgG or IgM response contributes to lack of protection In these instances.
Looking for the global spaces in local politics

Abstract In this commentary I argue that in his paper on the politics of scale Kevin Cox fails to adequately address the global scale and its articulation with local politics. Instead he conflates the global scale with other scales of analysis and social practice such as the regional and the national by repeated use of the expression ‘more global’ to designate all extra-local scales and processes. I attempt to show why it is important to more precisely define the ‘global-local’ duality by differentiating it from other binary oppositions such as the ‘general-particular’ and ‘structure-agency’ dualities both to avoid unfruitful conflation of concepts and to advance the analysis of the politics of scale.
Proof of the Kontsevich non-commutative cluster positivity conjecture

Abstract We extend the Lee–Schiffler Dyck path model to give a proof of the Kontsevich non-commutative cluster positivity conjecture with unequal parameters.
Solvent dependence of a coordinated ligand reaction

Abstract The rates of reaction of bis(8-mercaptoquinoline)nickel(II) with methyl iodide were determined in several solvents and in solvent mixtures of benzene and methylene chloride ranging in dielectric constant from 3·45 to 8·46. A linear relationship between ln k and (D−1)/(2D+1) was obtained, implying a transition state that is more polar than the reactants. A plot of ln k vs. 1 D and the estimation of the dipole moment of the complex allowed the calculation of the distance of closest approach of the reacting molecules which corresponds to the value expected from covalent radii. The results of this investigation are discussed in the light of a mechanism involving the “template” hypothesis.
The Emancipatory Potential of Arts-Based Research for Social Justice

In the quest for anti-oppressive research practices grounded in a commitment to social justice, arts-based research holds promise for scholars in a wide range of disciplines and fields of study, including education. In this article, I discuss the possibilities and challenges of social justice-informed arts-based research, drawing on data from a graduate-level course I taught.