cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual Diagnosis: Button versus Battery: Foreign Body Ingestions in Pediatrics.

1. Joran Clute, MD* 2. Teresa Frey, DO† 3. Jennifer Reed, MD, FAAP† 1. *Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 2. †Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Children’s Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother with a 1 hour history of sudden-onset abdominal pain and drooling. The child frequently places objects in her mouth, and her mother believes that she has swallowed a coin, although the event was unwitnessed. Her pain occurred intermittently before presentation. On physical examination she is in no acute distress. Her abdominal examination is significant for epigastric tenderness. Her vital signs are as follows: pulse, 100 beats/min; respiratory rate, 26 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 109/56 mm Hg. An anteroposterior abdominal radiograph (Fig 1) shows a radiopaque 2.5-cm round object in the distal esophagus; the appearance is consistent with a coin. After the initial radiograph she vomits twice; both pain and drooling resolve. She is transferred by private vehicle to an outside hospital for an esophageal foreign body removal by endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy). On arrival, a repeated abdominal radiograph is normal, with no foreign body visible. An oral challenge in the emergency department results in severe abdominal pain. Figure 1. Abdominal radiograph significant for a 2.5-cm round radiopaque foreign body with a double …
A Risk-Adjusted Control Chart to Evaluate Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Plan Quality.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to develop a quality control framework for intensity modulated radiation therapy plan evaluations that can account for variations in patient- and treatment-specific risk factors. Methods and Materials Patient-specific risk factors, such as a patient’s anatomy and tumor dose requirements, affect organs-at-risk (OARs) dose-volume histograms (DVHs), which in turn affects plan quality and can potentially cause adverse effects. Treatment-specific risk factors, such as the use of chemotherapy and surgery, are clinically relevant when evaluating radiation therapy planning criteria. A risk-adjusted control chart was developed to identify unusual plan quality after accounting for patient- and treatment-specific risk factors. In this proof of concept, 6 OAR DVH points and average monitor units serve as proxies for plan quality. Eighteen risk factors are considered for modeling quality: planning target volume (PTV) and OAR cross-sectional areas; volumes, spreads, and surface areas; minimum and centroid distances between OARs and the PTV; 6 PTV DVH points; use of chemotherapy; and surgery. A total of 69 head and neck cases were used to demonstrate the application of risk-adjusted control charts, and the results were compared with the application of conventional control charts. Results The risk-adjusted control chart remains robust to interpatient variations in the studied risk factors, unlike the conventional control chart. For the brainstem, the conventional chart signaled 4 patients with unusual (out-of-control) doses to 2% brainstem volume. However, the adjusted chart did not signal any plans after accounting for their risk factors. For the spinal cord doses to 2% brainstem volume, the conventional chart signaled 2 patients, and the adjusted chart signaled a separate patient after accounting for their risk factors. Similar adjustments were observed for the other DVH points when evaluating brainstem, spinal cord, ipsilateral parotid, and average monitor units. The adjustments can be directly attributed to the patient- and treatment-specific risk factors. Conclusions A risk-adjusted control chart was developed to evaluate plan quality, which is robust to variations in patient- and treatment-specific parameters.
Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis

The Third International Consensus Definitions (Sepsis-3) define sepsis as life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can progress to septic shock-an even more lethal condition associated with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and carries a mortality of almost 25%. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of sepsis, therapeutic interventions have not translated into tangible differences in the overall outcome for patients. Clinical trials of antagonists of various pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis have been largely unsuccessful in the past. Given the diverse physiologic roles played by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), modulation of GPCR signaling for the treatment of sepsis has also been explored. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have mainly focused on ligands targeting the extracellular domains of GPCR. However, novel techniques aimed at modulating GPCR intracellularly through aptamers, pepducins and intrabodies have opened a fresh avenue of therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by various subfamilies of GPCR in the pathogenesis of sepsis and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy through these novel approaches.
Human swarm interaction using plays, audibles, and a virtual spokesperson

This study explores two hypotheses about human-agent teaming: 1. Real-time coordination among a large set of autonomous robots can be achieved using predefined "plays" which define how to execute a task, and "audibles" which modify the play on the fly. 2. A spokesperson agent can serve as a representative for a group of robots, relaying information between the robots and human teammates. These hypotheses are tested in a simulated game environment: a human participant leads a search-and-rescue operation to evacuate a town threatened by an approaching wildfire, with the object of saving as many lives as possible. The participant communicates verbally with a virtual agent controlling a team of ten aerial robots and one ground vehicle, while observing a live map display with real-time location of the fire and identified survivors. Since full automation is not currently possible, two human controllers control the agent's speech and actions, and input parameters to the robots, which then operate autonomously until the parameters are changed. Designated plays include monitoring the spread of fire, searching for survivors, broadcasting warnings, guiding residents to safety, and sending the rescue vehicle. A successful evacuation of all the residents requires personal intervention in some cases (e.g., stubborn residents) while delegating other responsibilities to the spokesperson agent and robots, all in a rapidly changing scene. The study records the participants' verbal and nonverbal behavior in order to identify strategies people use when communicating with robotic swarms, and to collect data for eventual automation.
Transurethral resection and surveillance of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor in a ileal neobladder

Our patient presented with a small, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the ileal neobladder 21-years after radical cystectomy for urothelial cell carcinoma. Given the rarity of NETs in urinary diversions, there are no established guidelines regarding management in this unique population. We propose that transurethral resection and close cystoscopic surveillance of the neobladder is a feasible, low morbidity approach to management of a well-differentiated, solitary ileal NET tumor.
Shanghai and New York: Mid-Century Urban Avant-Gardes

This article examines the cultural and architectural exchanges between Shanghai and New York in the mid-20th century and their iconic roles as avant-garde global capitals. It considers the cultural and architectural free-thinkers and the groundbreaking movements they led, as well as their influence on the character and identity of both cities. Art Deco was the emblematic symbol of these modern forces. The article analyses the new technologies and theatrical perspective, the performative and spectacular qualities of Art Deco as the signature styles and cultural heritage of both cities.
Microfluidic fabrication of microcarriers with sequential delivery of VEGF and BMP-2 for bone regeneration

Wound instability and poor functional vascularization in bone tissue engineering lead to lack of tissue integration and ultimate failure of engineered grafts. In order to harness the regenerative potential of growth factors and stimulate bone healing, present study aims to design multifunctional cell therapy microcarriers with the capability of sequential delivery of essential growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). An on-chip double emulsion method was implemented to generate monodisperse VEGF encapsulated microcarriers. Bio-inspired poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) (PDA) was then functionalized to the microcarriers surface for BMP-2 conjugation. The microcarriers were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a dynamic culture technique for cells expansion. Finally, the microcarriers were incorporated into an injectable alginate-RGD hydrogel laden with endothelial cells (ECs) for further analysis. The DNA and calcium content, as well as ALP activity of the construct were analyzed. The confocal fluorescent microscopy was employed to monitor the MSCs and tunneling structure of ECs. Eventually, the capability of developed microcarriers for bone tissue formation was examined in vivo. Microfluidic platform generated monodisperse VEGF-loaded PLGA microcarriers with size-dependent release patterns. Microcarriers generated with the on-chip technique showed more sustained VEGF release profiles compared to the conventional bulk mixing method. The PDA functionalization of microcarriers surface not only provided immobilization of BMP-2 with prolonged bioavailability, but also enhanced the attachment and proliferation of MSCs. Dynamic culturing of microcarriers showcased their great potential to boost MSCs population required for stem cell therapy of bone defects. ALP activity and calcium content analysis of MSCs-laden microcarriers loaded into injectable hydrogels revealed their capability of tunneling formation, vascular cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that transplantation of MSC-laden microcarriers supports ectopic bone formation in the rat model. The presented approach to design bioactive microcarriers offer sustained sequential delivery of bone ECM chemical cues and offer an ideal stabilized 3D microenvironment for patient-specific cell therapy applications. The proposed methodology is readily expandable to integrate other cells and cytokines in a tuned spatiotemporal manner for personalized regenerative medicine.
Complications of Fluoroscopically Guided Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections

Cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection is a common intervention in the management of cervical radiculitis. Given the large number of injections done annually, it is important to assess the potential complications associated with this procedure. Based on current published studies, the overall complication rate varies. The vast majority are minor complications. However, this review also identified potentially catastrophic complications following cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections. Based upon our review, cervical epidural steroid injection is considered a safe intervention. Nevertheless, catastrophic complications such as spinal cord injuries from needle placement, infections, and epidural hematoma can occur. It is prudent to take appropriate measures to minimize these complications.
Late inflow or outflow obstruction requiring surgical intervention after HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device insertion.

Inflow or outflow obstruction is a rare, but critical complication after HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implantation. We retrospectively reviewed 166 patients who underwent primary HeartMate 3 implantation at our centre between November 2014 and July 2019. Three cases of inflow obstruction and 3 cases of outflow obstruction were identified. Presence of low flow alarm was the most common presenting sign and they were free from heart failure symptoms except in 1 case. They all underwent surgical correction and the median time from primary implantation to reintervention was 406.5 days. Computed tomography angiogram identified a problem in 5 out of 6 cases. Clinical symptoms and/or alarms resolved after surgery, but 1 case developed recurrent low flow alarm due to partial occlusion of inflow by fibrous tissue who eventually underwent heart transplant. All patients remain alive with median follow-up of 433.5 days. Prompt surgical intervention in late inflow and outflow obstruction after HeartMate 3 implantation resulted in favourable outcomes.
Divergence in Cultural Trajectories: The Power of the Traditional within the Early Modern

Most societies, including pre-industrial Europe, were constrained in their ability to innovate because of the power of traditional authorities: temporal, religious, and literary. These were eroded in Europe between 1500 and 1700 by the emergence of skepticism, empiricism and rationalist philosophy. Together, these allowed Europe to make the exceptional jump of overcoming the power and prestige of these traditional authorities, and to make progress through innovation in a way that Asian and Middle Eastern societies never could
MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) – a diode-laser-based lidar architecture for quantitative atmospheric profiling

Abstract. Continuous water vapor and temperature profiles are critically needed for improved understanding of the lower atmosphere and potential advances in weather forecasting skill. Ground-based, national-scale profiling networks are part of a suite of instruments to provide such observations; however, the technological method must be cost-effective and quantitative. We have been developing an active remote sensing technology based on a diode-laser-based lidar technology to address this observational need. Narrowband, high-spectral-fidelity diode lasers enable accurate and calibration-free measurements requiring a minimal set of assumptions based on direct absorption (Beer–Lambert law) and a ratio of two signals. These well-proven quantitative methods are known as differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL). This diode-laser-based architecture, characterized by less powerful laser transmitters than those historically used for atmospheric studies, can be made eye-safe and robust. Nevertheless, it also requires solar background suppression techniques such as narrow-field-of-view receivers with an ultra-narrow bandpass to observe individual photons backscattered from the atmosphere. We discuss this diode-laser-based lidar architecture's latest generation and analyze how it addresses a national-scale profiling network's need to provide continuous thermodynamic observations. The work presented focuses on general architecture changes that pertain to both the water vapor and the temperature profiling capabilities of the MicroPulse DIAL (MPD). However, the specific subcomponent testing and instrument validation presented are for the water vapor measurements only. A fiber-coupled seed laser transmitter optimization is performed and shown to meet all of the requirements for the DIAL technique. Further improvements – such as a fiber-coupled near-range receiver, the ability to perform quality control via automatic receiver scanning, advanced multi-channel scalar capabilities, and advanced processing techniques – are discussed. These new developments increase narrowband DIAL technology readiness and are shown to allow higher-quality water vapor measurements closer to the surface via preliminary intercomparisons within the MPD network itself and with radiosondes.
An “urban voluntary association” in the rural South? Urbanity, race, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1910–1930

Historians describe the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) as an urban movement, but the reasons for its urban focus have not been adequately explored. This is intriguing because the UDC was...
Accusative clitics, null objects, and the object agreement cycle:

Conservative varieties of Modern Spanish exhibit clitic left-dislocation and accusative clitic doubling of pronominal objects. Clitic left-dislocation occurs in Old Spanish but accusative clitic doubling first appears in the fifteenth century, becoming regular in the sixteenth century. Conservative Modern Spanish allows some non-referential null objects but generally lacks null referential objects. However, null referential objects do occur in Rioplatense Spanish (Schwenter 2006). In this paper, I show how these patterns are related. My main claim is that clitic left-dislocation, accusative clitic doubling, and null referential objects become available diachronically as a result of the grammaticalization of object clitics; i.e., van Gelderen’s (2011) Object Agreement Cycle. The stage of the cycle a language is in correlates with whether the language has clitic left-dislocation, accusative clitic doubling, and/or null referential objects. I extend Holmberg, Nayudu & Sheehan’s (2009) D-in-T analysis of null subjects to null objects. I propose that the D-feature that licenses null objects on v is there due to the cycle; i.e., reanalysis of object clitics. My analysis accounts for the distribution of clitic left-dislocation, accusative clitic doubling, and null referential objects in Romance and it leads to the prediction that a language with clitic-less null referential objects will have developed less restricted accusative clitic doubling first.
Hedge Fund Redemption Restrictions and Stock Price Fragility

This paper explores the idea that the increasing concentration of institutional ownership in equity markets makes stock prices more "fragile," i.e., more exposed to liquidity shocks to institutional investors. I argue that institutional stockholders with stricter redemption policies, who are less likely to experience redemption-generated liquidity shocks, should expose stocks to lower levels of price fragility. An analysis of hedge fund characteristics confirms that hedge funds with strict redemption policies exhibit less portfolio turnover, and stocks held by high-restriction funds are less exposed to flow-induced liquidity trading. A hand-collected dataset of institutional block acquisitions reveals comparatively higher cumulative abnormal returns following block acquisitions by hedge funds with tighter redemption restrictions, confirming that the market places a value on strict redemption policies. Finally, a difference-in-differences regression reveals that stocks purchased by institutional blockholders with stricter redemption policies experience a significant decrease in volatility.
Simulation interprofessional education in health professions education: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to identify, collate, and map the evidence on simulation interprofessional education activities in any setting for the education of health professional students. INTRODUCTION Simulation interprofessional education activities comprise in-person and collaborative online learning embedded in formal curricula. Though the number of simulation interprofessional education activities has increased with the knowledge of the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration, the literature still lacks a description of the characteristics of existing activities. INCLUSION CRITERIA This scoping review will consider interprofessional education activities taking place within a simulation environment. Included papers will report on activities with two or more types of learners in health professional programs. METHODS The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases searched will include PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC. Results will be limited to English-language publications from 2016 to the present year. Data extraction will be performed using a purposefully developed data extraction tool. Teams of reviewers will screen abstracts and full texts of articles for potential inclusion, and decisions will be determined via consensus of two out of three reviewers. Extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form in a manner that aligns with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated and/or charted results and will describe how the results relate to the review's objective and questions, and how the results might inform future simulation interprofessional education activities in health professions education.
Placement Methods of Phosphorus and Potassium for Corn and Soybean Managed with No-till and Chisel-plow/Disk Tillage

No-till management limits the incorporation of crop residue and fertilizer with soil resulting in wetter, colder soils and the accumulation of organic matter, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) near the soil surface. Banding of P and K could be more effective than broadcast fertilization by counteracting stratification, applying nutrients in the root zone (starter effect), and minimizing reactions with the soil that may reduce their availability to plants. Therefore, this long-term study was established in 1994 to evaluate P and K fertilizer placement methods and grain yield of corn-soybean rotations managed with notill and chisel-plow/disk tillage.
Field Studies of Submerged-Diffuser Thermal Plumes with Comparisons to Predictive Model Results

Thermal plumes from submerged discharges of cooling water from two power plants on Lake Michigan were studied. The system for the acquisition of water temperatures and ambient conditions permitted the three dimensional structure of the plumes to be determined. The Zion Nuclear Power Station has two submerged discharges structures separated by only 94 m. Under conditions of flow from both structures, interaction between the two plumes resulted in larger thermal fields than would be predicted by the superposition of single non-interacting plumes. Maximum temperatures in the near-field region of the plume compared favorably with mathematical model predictions. A comparison of physical-model predictions for the plume at the D. C. Cook Nuclear Plant with prototype measurements indicated good agreement in the near-field region, but differences in the far-field occurred as similitude was not preserved there.
Clinical management ancillary to phase-shift balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock. Preliminary comments.

Abstract Intraaortic phase-shift balloon pumping was utilized in 30 patients in cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocardial infarction who were refractory to conventional pharmacologic therapy. The outcomes in these cases suggested that the interval from myocardial infarction to onset of shock, rather than the duration of shock, may have a significant influence on the prognosis. Of 20 patients classified as having “early” shock, 3 died as a result of factors related to the procedure. Of the remaining 17 patients, the condition of 15 (88 percent) improved to the point that intraaortic balloon pumping could be discontinued. Nine of these patients were long-term survivors. Of 10 patients with delayed onset of shock, the condition of only 4 improved, and none left the hospital alive. Myocardial rupture was proved to have occurred in 5 of these patients, and suspected on clinical grounds in 1 patient. The clinical management essential to successful intraaortic balloon pumping is summarized.
Quasi-steady state, low current performance of a coaxial plasma source experiment

Summary form only given. The coaxial plasma source-I (CPS-1) facility at N. C. State University was recently upgraded to enhance the performance of the pulse-forming network (PFN). This upgrade provides a peak gun current of 22 kA with 1. 1 ms pulse length at a gun voltage of 50 V, for an initial 3 kV charge on the PFN. CPS- I can be operated in either unmagnetized or magnetized flow. When unmagnetized, only the plasma's self-magnetic field serves to accelerate the plasma in the gun channel. In the magnetized flow an external applied field serves to nozzle the plasma flow outside the gun channel. The magnitude and duration of the current pulse is not affected by the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, the voltage across the gun channel remains constant at 50 V through out the duration of the pulse independent o the initial charge on the PFN, and therefore the gun resistance decreases with increased gun current. The gun resistance is 2.5 m:Q for a 3 kV charge on the PFN, and drops to 1.4 m/spl Omega/ when the gun current peaks at 35 kA, for a 5 kV charge on the PFN.
Future Directions for VLSI and Software Engineering

A structure is developed and used for the comparison of the VLSI and software design processes. The comparison reveals both similarities and differences in the two disciplines and in their evolution. Several possible implications are presented which contribute to an understanding of the processes and provide insights into appropriate directions for future research. Finally, some areas with high potential gains through technology transfer are discussed.
Divine Simplicity in Historical Perspective: Resourcing a Contemporary Discussion

This article seeks to resource contemporary discussions about divine simplicity by exploring how this doctrine was understood throughout patristic and medieval church history, especially with respect to the relation of divine simplicity to the doctrine of the Trinity. It argues, first, that there have been different versions of divine simplicity throughout church history, though most current treatments focus on the Thomist version. Second, it suggests that divine simplicity had a greater role in the witness and worship of the church than is generally recognized today. Third, it argues that many of the differences between contemporary and ancient treatments of divine simplicity boil down to more basic ontological differences. Finally, it draws attention to the close connection between divine simplicity and the Trinity throughout church history, and suggests that the doctrine of divine simplicity provides a more reliable means of grounding the Trinity as monotheistic than the doctrine of perichoresis.
A cost measure for efficient scheduling in intelligent machines

A model of the coordination level of Saridis's intelligent machine paradigm is presented. The role of the coordination level is to translate a high-level command into a schedule of low-level primitive activities. The model presented is based on hierarchical Petri nets and stochastic learning algorithms. An analytic cost measure of the scheduling structure of the coordination level is presented. For each high-level command, there are numerous ways to schedule the primitive activities that achieve that command. It is desired that the schedule that results in the minimum execution time of the intelligent machine. The cost measure derived, called structural complexity, predicts the expected execution time of an intelligent machine given a particular schedule of its primitives. >
Microcomputers in Social Service Settings: Research Applications

puters. This article addresses several applications of microcomputers in assisting research in social service settings. As always when new technol ogy is introduced in the social ser vices, there may be administrative and direct practice implications. This article briefly describes administra tive uses for microcomputers in ad dition to the research capabilities. The microcomputer system this arti cle describes was used as a primary data storage and retrieval system for both qualitative and quantitative data in an outpatient clinic of a large ur ban hospital.
Using Ocean Bottom Pressure from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to Estimate Transport Variability in the Southern Indian Ocean

Previous studies have suggested that ocean bottom pressure (OBP) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) can be used to measure the depth-averaged, or barotropic, transport variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Here, we use GRACE OBP observations to calculate transport variability in a region of the southern Indian Ocean encompassing the major fronts of the ACC. We use a statistical analysis of a simulated GRACE-like data set to determine the uncertainty of the estimated transport for the 2003.0–2013.0 time period. We find that when the transport is averaged over 60° of longitude, the uncertainty (one standard error) is close to 1 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) for low-pass filtered transport, which is significantly smaller than the signal and lower than previous studies have found. The interannual variability is correlated with the Southern Annual mode (SAM) (0.61), but more highly correlated with circumpolar zonally averaged winds between 45°S and 65°S (0.88). GRACE transport reflects significant changes in transport between 2007 and 2009 that is observed in the zonal wind variations but not in the SAM index. We also find a statistically significant trend in transport (−1.0 ± 0.4 Sv yr−1, 90% confidence) that is correlated with a local deceleration in zonal winds related to an asymmetry in the SAM on multidecadal periods.
Hemodynamic response to rapid pneumatic antishock garment deflation

Irreversible hypotension with subsequent cardiovascular collapse has been reported as a catastrophic complication of inappropriate pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) deflation. This study was undertaken to analyze the cardiodynamic response by which PASG deflation produces hypotension. Five normovolemic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for atypical chest pain syndrome volunteered for this study. Serial measurements of right atrial, right ventricular, pulmonary artery, left ventricular, and aortic pressures were obtained with subjects supine at the following times: 1) prior to inflation of the PASG; 2) during PASG inflation at 100 mm Hg; and 3) during rapid PASG deflation. Pulmonary and aortic flow velocities were recorded in two patients. The application of external pressures with PASG produced a significant increase in left and right heart pressures ( P P P P P
Pre-organizing Shape Instances for Landmark-Based Shape Correspondence

The major challenge in constructing a statistical shape model for a structure is shape correspondence, which identifies a set of corresponded landmarks across a population of shape instances to accurately estimate the underlying shape variation. Both global or pairwise shape-correspondence methods have been developed to automatically identify the corresponded landmarks. For global methods, landmarks are found by optimizing a comprehensive objective function that considers the entire population of shape instances. While global methods can produce very accurate shape correspondence, they tend to be very inefficient when the population size is large. For pairwise methods, all shape instances are corresponded to a given template independently. Therefore, pairwise methods are usually very efficient. However, if the population exhibits a large amount of shape variation, pairwise methods may produce very poor shape correspondence. In this paper, we develop a new method that attempts to address the limitations of global and pairwise methods. In particular, we first construct a shape tree to globally organize the population of shape instances by identifying similar shape instance pairs. We then perform pairwise shape correspondence between such similar shape instances with high accuracy. Finally, we combine these pairwise correspondences to achieve a unified correspondence for the entire population of shape instances. We evaluate the proposed method by comparing its performance to five available shape correspondence methods, and show that the proposed method achieves the accuracy of a global method with the efficiency of a pairwise method.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma with mandibular bone invasion: intraoperative evaluation of bone margins by routine frozen section

The intraoperative knowledge of margin status on mandibulectomy specimens is important for primary reconstruction. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative bone marrow (BM) curettings and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) biopsies are representative of final decalcified cross-sectional (shave) mandibular bone margins. Forty-seven margins in 27 patients consecutively treated with segmental mandibulectomy for squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed. These patients had BM or IAN margins sampled by surgeons and assessed intraoperatively by routine frozen section. The full cross-section of mandibular bone margins were sampled by pathologists at the time of routine gross examination. Intraoperative evaluation of BM/IAN biopsies is characterized by a 50% sensitivity (3 of 6 cases were false negative) and a 100% specificity. IAN biopsies are representative of the final bone margin. Given the technical feasibility of intraoperative BM and IAN assessment, we favor routine intraoperative evaluation of mandibular bone margins. However, even when bone margins are sampled intraoperatively, obtaining a full cross-section of the bone margin at the time of gross examination should also be performed as it remains the most accurate modality of bone margin assessment.
Seasonal changes in germination responses of buried seeds of the weedy summer annual grass Setaria glauca

Summary Seeds of Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. buried in soil and exposed to natural temperature cycles exhibited seasonal changes in temperature, but generally not light; dark requirements for germination. Seeds were dormant at maturity in late September and October (autumn), and during burial from October to January they entered conditional dormancy, germinating up to ≥60% in light and darkness at daily thermoperiods of 25/15,30/15 and 35/20^C by January. During burial from February to May or June, seeds became non-dormant and germinated up to 68–100% in light and darkness at 15/6,20/10,25/15,30/15 and 35/20^C in May or June. At maximum yearly temperatures in June or July–August, 65–89% of the seeds entered conditional dormancy (germinating at 30/15 and 35/20, but not at 15/6,20/10 and 25/15^C), and the others entered dormancy (not germinating at any thermoperiod). Thus, most buried seeds had an annual conditional dormancy/non-dormancy cycle, but some had an annual dormancy/non-dormancy cycle. Except for seeds buried in 1990 that lost the ability to germinate in darkness at all thermoperiods the first summer of burial, seeds incubated in light and in darkness exhibited the same patterns of seasonal changes in germination responses. Although conditionally dormant and non-dormant seeds germinated to high percentages in darkness in Petri dishes, seedlings were found only in bags of seeds exhumed in April and May 1983, indicating that some factor(s) associated with the burial environment other than darkness prevented germination of buried seeds.
Simulation game for managing the laboratory sevice: a preproposal

The goal of this research is to develop, test, and implement a simulation game capable of assisting VA laboratory decision makers in planning program changes, altering systems and procedures, determining staffing levels based on variable demands for service, rearranging space utilization and/or evaluating possible equipment acquisitions. The secondary goal is to teach laboratory management skills to supervisory personnel. The simulation game will be designed to process the kinds of information generated by the new VA computer based management information systems (MIS). It is expected that development of the game at this time will aid in the definition of the laboratory MIS.A principal feature of the model will be its transferability to any VA Medical Center. To this end, parts of the simulation game will be developed at 2 different sites. Upon completion, these parts will be joined into a single model and tested in a third medical center. Personnel from Medical District 14 and the Laboratory Management Consultation Program at the Centers for Disease Control will evaluate the transferability of the game among VAMCs.
Elastic velocities of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments

Abstract Fluid in sediments significantly affects elastic properties of sediments and gas in the pore space can be identified by a marked reduction of P-wave velocity or a decrease of Poisson's ratio. The elastic properties of gas-saturated sediments can be predicted by the classical Biot–Gassmann theory (BGT). However, parameters for the BGT such as the Biot coefficient or moduli of dry frame of unconsolidated and high porosity sediments are not readily available. Dependence of velocities on differential pressure or porosity for partially gas-saturated sediments is formulated using properties derived from velocities of water-saturated sediments. Laboratory samples for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments and well log data acquired for unconsolidated marine sediments agree well with the predictions. However, because the P-wave velocity depends highly on how the gas is saturated in the pore space such as uniform or patch, the amounts of gas estimated from the P-wave velocity contains high uncertainty. The modeled Vp/Vs ratio of partially gas-saturated sediment using the patch distribution is usually greater than 1.6, whereas the ratio modeled assuming a uniform distribution is about 1.6. Thus, Poisson's ratio or Vp/Vs ratio may be used to differentiate patch from uniform saturation, but differences between various models of patch saturation cannot be easily identified.
Computers proofs in group theory

This paper reports the results of an experiment in using the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover in seeking computer-checked proofs in Group Theory. Starting from the axioms for groups and elementary list and number theory, the theorem prover was led to the proofs of two basic theorems in Elementary Group Theory by a sequence of lemmas suggested by the author. The computer proofs illustrate the effective use of the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover in Group Theory.
Monopoly Rights in the Privatization of Telephone Firms

Data from utility privatization sales in 74 countries is analyzed to investigate why governments award monopoly rights, and how monopoly affects government revenue from these sales. Financially constrained governments are more likely to award monopoly rights. Interest groups and institutions are important. Increased importance of taxed business users reduces the probability of a government granting monopoly rights, while an increase in the importance of subsidized residential users has the opposite effect. Durable democracies and market-oriented governments are less likely to award monopoly rights. Monopolies increase government revenue by 66 percent.
The Association of Religion and Virginity Status Among Brazilian Adolescents

Abstract This study examines the association between religious factors and the virginity status of unmarried Brazilian female adolescents aged 15–19 years. The analysis draws on data from the Brazilian National Demographic and Health Survey (2006) using a sub-sample of unmarried Brazilian female adolescents aged 15–19 years (N = 2,364). Multinomial logistic regression is used to test the association between denominational affiliation, worship service participation, and self-reported virginity status. The findings reveal that adolescents affiliated with Protestant faiths, particularly Pentecostalism, and those who attend worship services often have significantly higher odds of remaining a virgin because of a commitment to not have sex until marriage. This premarital chastity rationale for virginity is most strongly evidenced among frequently attending teens who are affiliated with Protestant and Pentecostal faiths. Similar to patterns observed in the United States, teen involvement with Protestant faiths, particularly strict traditions, such as Pentecostalism, is associated with a commitment to virginity in Brazil.
Gel filtration chromatography of polydeoxynucleotides using agarose columns

Abstract Gel filtration characteristics of polydeoxynucleotides passing through agarose columns have been determined using different temperatures, eluents and pore sizes. These conditions affected the degree of separation and range of usefulness. In the practical case of purification after synthesis, there were found ways to minimize unwanted hydrogen-bonding cochromatography. The polydeoxynucleotides were inferred to chromatograph as elongated structures because of their great elution dissimilarity to globular proteins of the same molecular weight and marked similarity to double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides.
Vibrio diversity and dynamics in the Monterey Bay upwelling region.

The Vibrionaceae (Vibrio) are a ubiquitous group of metabolically flexible marine bacteria that play important roles in biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Despite this versatility, little is known about Vibrio diversity and abundances in upwelling regions. The seasonal dynamics of Vibrio populations was examined by analysis of 16S rRNA genes in Monterey Bay (MB), California from April 2006-April 2008 at two long term monitoring stations, C1 and M2. Vibrio phylotypes within MB were diverse, with subpopulations clustering with several different cultured representatives including Allivibrio spp., Vibrio penaecida and Vibrio splendidus as well as with many unidentified marine environmental bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Total Vibrio population abundances, as well as abundances of a Vibrio sp. (MBAY Vib7) subpopulation and an Allivibrio sp. (MBAY Vib4) subpopulation were examined in the context of environmental parameters from mooring station and CTD cast data. Total Vibrio populations showed some seasonal variability but greater variability was observed within the two subpopulations. MBAY Vib4 was negatively associated with MB upwelling indices and positively correlated with oceanic season conditions, when upwelling winds relax and warmer surface waters are present in MB. MBAY Vib7 was also negatively associated with upwelling indices and represented a deeper Vibrio sp. population. Correlation patterns suggest that larger oceanographic conditions affect the dynamics of the populations in MB, rather than specific environmental factors. This study is the first to target and describe the diversity and dynamics of these natural populations in MB and demonstrates that these populations shift seasonally within the region.
Interactions of vortices with boundaries in superfluid films

We present a general method for calculating vortex creation and annihilation rates at arbitrary boundaries in two-dimensional superfluids and give explicit results for the cases of parallel film edges and cylinders. We explain why cylindrical boundaries may provide a reasonable description of vortex shedding and pinning in regions of a superfluid film where the superfluid density is reduced locally to zero, for example, by substrate imperfections. The relation of our work to other recent contributions is discussed, and the current status of the comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results for the decay of persistent currents in superfluid films is discussed and clarified.
Lambornella clarki (Ciliophora: Tetrahymenidae) Resistance in Aedes sierrensis (Diptera: Culicidae): Population Differentiation in a Quantitative Trait and Allozyme Loci

Heritable variation for resistance to the parasite Lambornella clarki (Corliss & Coats) by its host Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow) and neutral genetic variation among local Oregon mosquito populations were assessed by selection and allozyme frequencies. L. clarki resistance was significantly greater in a population of mosquitoes normally exposed to this parasite than in an unexposed population. Despite this difference between populations, there was no significant increase in heritable resistance to L. clarki within populations of Ae. sierrensis after 1 generation of laboratory selection. Differentiation estimated from allozyme electrophoresis did not coincide with differentiation in L. clarki resistance in Ae. sierrensis populations at the microgeographic scale. Ae. sierrensis has the capacity to respond to foreign clones of the parasite, but electrophoretic surveys may fail to indicate underlying differences in the parasite resistance of mosquito populations.
Dementia screening: can a second administration reduce the number of false positives?

Objective Early diagnosis of dementia is important for medical treatment and quality-of-life interventions. The authors examine whether administering a second cognitive screening after a poor initial score can improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Of particular interest is reducing false positives that may generate an unnecessary referral for a dementia work-up. Methods A group of 389 Japanese men from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study were administered the Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI) twice within a 2-month period. A small sample received a follow-up CASI 3 years later. Results Administration of a second CASI reduced the false-positive rate by 16.1% in the total sample and 20.2% in those suspected of having mild dementia. The negative predictive value for the second administration was 80% for the entire sample and 82.6% for those suspected of having mild dementia. Conclusion Administration of a second cognitive screening in patients initially scoring in the dementia range can significantly reduce the number of false positives for dementia. This technique may be useful to managed-care companies who aim to reduce unnecessary costs in medical care.
Social mobility and middling self‐identity : The ethos of British autobiographers, 1600–1750

(1995). Social mobility and middling self‐identity : The ethos of British autobiographers, 1600–1750. Social History: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 45-61.
Cellulose and the twofold screw axis: modeling and experimental arguments

Crystallography indicates that molecules in crystalline cellulose either have twofold screw-axis (21) symmetry or closely approximate it, leading to short distances between H4 and H1′ across the glycosidic linkage. Therefore, modeling studies of cellobiose often show elevated energies for 21 structures, and experimental observations are often interpreted in terms of intramolecular strain. Also, some computer models of cellulose crystallites have an overall twist as well as twisted individual chains, again violating 21 symmetry. To gain insight on the question of inherent strain in 21 structures, modeling was employed and crystal structures of small molecules were surveyed. (Residues in a disaccharide cannot be related by 21 symmetry because they are not identical but if their linkage geometry would lead to 21 symmetry for an infinite cellulose chain, the disaccharide would have 21 pseudo symmetry.) Several initial structures in quantum mechanics (QM) studies of cellobiose minimized to structures having 21 pseudo symmetry. Similarly, a number of relevant small molecules in experimental crystal structures have pseudo symmetry. While the QM models of cellobiose with 21 pseudo symmetry had inter-residue hydrogen bonding, the experimental studies included cellotriose undecaacetate, a molecule that cannot form conventional hydrogen bonds. Limitations in characterizing symmetry based on the linkage torsion angles ϕ and ψ were also explored. It is concluded that 21 structures have little intrinsic strain, despite indications from empirical models.