cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Which Factors Impact Engagement on News Articles on Facebook

Social media is increasingly being used as a news-platform. To reach their intended audience, newspapers need for their articles to be well ranked by Facebook's news-feed algorithm. The number of likes, shares and other reactions determine the lead scoring criteria. This paper will try to assess how the reaction volume is impacted by the following criteria: (1) Delay between event and post release; (2) Time of the day the post is published; and (3) Post format: video, photo or text. To isolate the effect of the publication time and post format on a post, we need to control for the news-event and the publishing newspaper. For that end, a news-aggregator is designed and implemented, to group together posts that relate to the same news-event. This tool gave some spin-off results, allowing the ability to map newspapers by similarity and to detect some topic omissions.
‘They clip our wings’: studying achievement and racialisation through a Roma perspective

This article presents data gathered among Bulgarian Romani communities during a project investigating the educational hardship of Roma people. Major social inequalities affect the educational and l...
12 TWO DECADES OF ANTITRUST SUITS, 1960s–1980s

In effect, the government complaint against IBM was that because it was so big it must be an antitrust violator even though no illegal behavior could be shown. In other words, the company was guilty of making a good product and pricing it right. Horrors. — The Memphis Press-Scimitar, 1982 1 Frank Cary Spent much of the 1970s in court. There were many days when his driver showed up at his house early in the morning to take IBM's CEO either to an office filled with lawyers and IBMers working on lawsuits at 1133 Westchester Avenue—DPD HQ—in White Plains, New York, or to the federal courthouse at Foley Square in Manhattan, where he was grilled by hostile Department of Justice (DoJ) attorneys or by IBM's own. Some court sessions lasted many hours. Either way, Cary had to be attentive, careful in how he spoke, and always stick to a rehearsed approach. He then attended post-lestifying debriefings back at Armonk before his driver took him home, pouring out the exhausted Cary at his front door. The CEO had attended thousands of meetings sprinkled around the world, often dealing with contentious issues, so he understood how to behave in front of the government's lawyers. In this instance, if he and his company failed to defend their behavior, IBM could be split into multiple companies or pay a frightfully large financial penalty. There were days and weeks when he spent up to 80 percent of his time focused on U.S. v. IBM(1969–1982), the longest antitrust case in U.S. history.
6 Surveillance and the Mobility of Bodies

Something about the word "data" seems sterile, the implication being that data is something objective and cold stored in spreadsheets. But data always describes something. Some types of data, such as sensor data about the environment or data that tracks objects in a supply chain, may not raise many concerns about personal privacy. Much RFID data, however, is about people. RFID technology logs people's movement on public transportation, transmits their data on ID cards and passports, tracks their movement in school and work environments, and can be sewn into clothing or implanted in bodies.
Methods for obtaining purified lymphocytes, glass-adherent mononuclear cells, and a population containing both cell types from human peripheral blood.

Methods are presented for obtaining simultaneously or separately two populations of cells from human peripheral blood, lymphocytes and monocytes, both of which are required to obtain blastogenesis and DNA synthesis in human leukocyte cultures. A simple 5-min centrifugation of heparinized blood yields a mononuclear leukocyte culture fluid containing 70-90% lymphocytes with few granulocytes but with sufficient numbers of monocytes so that the latter cell is not a limiting factor in the blastogenic reaction. A method is also presented for removing both granulocytes and monocytes from lymphocyte populations in a manner that permits monitoring and choice of the degree of lymphocyte purification. A method is also presented for obtaining glass-adherent mononuclear cells that do not undergo blastogenesis but will enable suitably stimulated "purified" lymphocytes to undergo blastogenesis. Studies of the function and morphology of these different cell populations are presented.
Using Journey Mapping within Extension: A Tool for Supporting Behavior Change Programs

Extension is an important change agency, and Extension professionals use innovative strategies to help target audiences to adopt research-based practices and technologies. Tools from commercial marketing can be applied to behavior-change campaigns, often through an underused approach known as social marketing. Journey maps can be developed with Extension clients to provide insight into their progression and decision-making from one place or state of being to another. A journey can be the steps a person takes when selecting plants for the landscape, the decision-making process used when identifying agricultural business strategies, or the steps a person takes when leaving a workshop and travelling to their home. This new 9-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, written by Colby Silvert and Laura A. Sanagorski Warner, presents possible applications of journey mapping within an Extension context. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc333
Parent-Mediated Interventions for School-Age Children With ASD: A Meta-Analysis:

Parent-mediated interventions (PMIs) are commonly used with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and their effectiveness for young children has been documented. However, no reviews have ex...
Peri-operative management of children with spinal muscular atrophy

Background and Aims: Current multi-disciplinary management of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often requires the surgical management of spinal deformities. We present the outcomes of our peri-operative experience around the time of their spinal surgery and share our neuromuscular perioperative protocol. Methods: A single-centre retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate all children with SMA types I and II that underwent thoracolumbar spinal deformity correction (posterior spinal fusion or growing rod insertion) from 1990 to 2015. Electronic medical records were reviewed to assess pre-operative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. T-tests, Wilcoxon Rank Sum, Fisher's Exact tests were performed as appropriate. Results: Twelve SMA I and twenty-two SMA II patients were included. Type I patients tended to be smaller and had a higher percentage (36.4% vs 4.5%) of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 4 patients. Preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was utilised in 75.0% of type I and 18.2% type II patients. A difficult intubation was experienced in around 25% of the patients (20.0% SMA I, 27.3% SMA II). Approximately two hours of anaesthetic time was required in addition to the actual surgical time in both types. The intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay averaged 6 (4.0-7.5) days for type I and 3 (3-5) days for type II (p = 0.144). Average post-operative length of stay was (8 (7-9) vs. 7 (6-8)) P = 1.0. Conclusion: Children with type I and II SMA have similar hospital courses. The surgical and anaesthesia team should consider perioperative TPN and NIPPV (non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation), anticipate difficult intubations, longer than usual anaesthetic times, and potentially longer ICU stays in both SMA type I and II.
Guide-directed DNA cleavage by a prokaryotic Argonaute protein induces chromosome recombination in Escherichia coli

Emerging evidence supports the argument that some prokaryotic argonautes (pAgos) serve as a defensive system against invasion of viruses and plasmids through guide DNAs (gDNAs) directed DNA cleavage. This DNA-guided DNA interference motivates research to induce genomic mutations via pAgo mediated cleavage. Here we demonstrate that CbAgo, a pAgo from Clostridium butyricum, is able to induce chromosomal recombination between direct repeat sequences via its gDNA-directed cleavage in Escherichia coli chromosome. We also show that CbAgo targeting can assist Lambda-Red recombineering in RecA-deficient strain. Our study reveals that cleavage by CbAgo in E. coli chromosome can be mutagenic and suggests its broader application in genetic manipulation.
Radio-frequency flexible transistors on cellulose nanofibrillated fiber (CNF) substrates

RF performance flexible thin-film transistors toward green portable devices were realized. The cellulose nanofibrillated fiber (CNF) substrate combined with Si nanomembranes (Si NMs) printing technique enables to fabricate flexible, high-speed and bio-degradable devices. Flexible Si NM thin-film transistors (TFTs) built on the CNF substrate show mobility of 336 cm/v·s and f T and f max of 2.4 GHz and 5.1 GHz, respectively. This demonstration paves the path to entire green portable devices so as to generate less waste and save more valuable resources.
Power and pyro subsystems for Mars Pathfinder

The power and pyro subsystem (PPS) for the Mars Pathfinder was designed to support the spacecraft activities during launch, cruise, entry and landing and Mars operation phases of the mission. The key design constraints were cost, volume and mass. The PPS consists of solar arrays, batteries and power electronics. This paper describes the Mars pathfinder mission, key requirements on the PPS, the PPS system architecture and a description of each element of the PPS system.
Sample size reduction in stochastic production simulation

A method of Monte Carlo simulation that combines the use of a control variable with stratified sampling is presented. The method reduces the number of required runs from approximately 10000 to 10. This reduction also lessens computational time and should enable chronological simulation to play a much more significant role in many long-range planning applications. The theory and a sample study are presented. In the sample study, the proposed method using the 10 samples produces an estimator of the mean production cost that has a much smaller variance than an estimator based on a traditional Monte Carlo study which uses 8000 samples. >
Nuclear Effects in Multiple Scattering Theory

Nuclear effects on multiple scatterings should be taken into account when we attempt to obtain some nuclear structure, say nuclear correlations, from scatterings at high energies, whereas the Glauber model neglects essentially the effects. In the Watson multiple scattering theory, the T-matrix for scatterings from nuclei $$T=\underset{i}{\mathop{\sum }}\,{{T}_{i}}+\underset{i\ne j}{\mathop{\sum }}\,{{T}_{i}}G{{T}_{j}}+\underset{i\ne j\ne k}{\mathop{\sum }}\,{{T}_{i}}G{{T}_{j}}G{{T}_{k}}+\ldots ,$$ (1) where $${{T}_{i}}={{V}_{i}}+{{V}_{i}}G{{T}_{i}},$$ (2) $$G={{\left( E-K-{{H}_{n}}+i\eta \right)}^{-1}},$$ (3) with the interaction Vi. between the incident particle and the ith target nucleon, the kiiietic energy K of the incident particle, and the nuclearinternal Hamiltonian.H n.The nucleareffectson T i.and on G are discussed in the following sections.
The Impact of Weeding on Collection Development

What impact does the removal of materials have on the decision-making for collection development? The literature of librarianship indicates that weedings should have a major impact, but practice does not appear to follow theory, according to responses from 31 selectors interviewed between weeding sci-tech collections and general collections? Again, the answer appears to be no. This article reviews the literature of weeding and summarizes the weeding practices of some selectors in sci-tech, academic, and public libraries. Some differences between sci-tech and general collections are discussed.
Passive Solar Heating Research

Key elements of research into the passive solar heating of buildings are described and examples are given to illustrate how research in the field has been approached. The major emphasis of the research has been on devising mathematical models to characterize heat flow within buildings, on the validation of these models by comparison with test results, and on the subsequent use of the models to investigate both the influence of various design parameters and the weather on system performance. Results from both test modules and monitored buildings are given. Simulation analysis and the development of simplified methods are described.
Toward Optimal Resource Provisioning for Cloud MapReduce and Hybrid Cloud Applications

Given the variety of resources available in public clouds and locally (hybrid clouds), it can be very difficult to determine the best number and type of resources to allocate (and where) for a given activity. In order to solve this problem we first define the requested computation in terms of an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem and then use an efficient ILP solver to make a provisioning decision in a few milliseconds. Our approach is based on the two most important metrics for the user: cost and job execution time. Thus, based on the user's preferences we can favor solutions that optimize speed or cost or a certain combination of both (e.g. Cheapest solution that meets a certain deadline). We evaluate our approach with two classes of cloud applications: MapReduce applications, and Monte Carlo simulations. A significant advantage in our approach is that our solution has been proved optimal by the ILP solver, the set of the scheduling decisions based on our model are plotted on a time vs. Cost graph that forms a Pareto efficient frontier. This way, we can avoid the pitfalls of a naive strategy that can lead to a great increase in cost (91%) or job running time (21%) compared to optimal.
The lattice thermal conductivity of normal and superconducting niobium

The lattice thermal conductivity of superconducting and normal Nb as limited by the interaction of phonons with electrons has been deduced from measurements in the superconducting state. The results indicate that the mean free paths of transverse and longitudinal phonons are similar, ∼4×10−5 T −1 (cm K), in the normal state. Comparison is made with measurements on other metals. A compilation is included of the ratio of lattice conduction in the normal state to that in the superconducting state, based on the BCS theory of superconductivity.
Optimal surgical cytoreduction in patients with Stage III and Stage IV endometrial carcinoma: a study of morbidity and survival☆

Abstract Objective . To evaluate the survival impact of residual disease at the time of primary surgery for patients with Stage III and IV endometrial carcinoma; to assess morbidity associated with surgical cytoreduction. Method . All patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent primary surgical therapy at the University of Miami between January 1, 1990 and June 1, 2002 were identified. Patients meeting FIGO criteria for Stage III or IV disease were selected. Papillary serous and clear cell histology was excluded. Results . Eighty-five patients were identified: 66 Stage III and 19 Stage IV. Only Stage IIIC and Stage IV were included in survival analysis: 72% (33 Stage IIIC, 9 Stage IV) had optimal cytoreduction and 28% (6 Stage IIIC, 10 Stage IV) had suboptimal cytoreduction. The median survival for Stage IIIC and IV disease was 6.7 months for patients with suboptimal cytoreduction and 17.8 months for patients with optimal cytoreduction ( P = 0.001). The proportion of patients with major postoperative complications (37.50% vs. 7.25%, P = 0.005), unplanned postoperative SICU admissions (31.25% vs. 7.25%, P = 0.018), and length of hospital stay exceeding 15 days (31.25% vs. 4.35%, P = 0.005) was greater in patients with suboptimal cytoreductive surgery. Conclusions . Overall survival is lower and morbidity is higher in patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma having suboptimal cytoreduction at the time of primary surgery. Patients with suspected advanced stage endometrial carcinoma should be counseled on the potential benefits of optimal cytoreductive surgery. Alternative treatment options should be considered in those patients with surgically unresectable disease.
Presentation Technology in the Age of Electronic Eloquence: From Visual Aid to Visual Rhetoric

Attention to presentation technology in the public speaking classroom has grown along with its contemporary use, but instruction generally positions the topic as a subset of visual aids. As contemporary public discourse enters an age of electronic eloquence, instructional focus on verbal communication might limit students’ capacity to effectively participate in an evolving public sphere. Instruction that more fully integrates visual, verbal, and haptic forms of communication might provide a better foundation for effective civic participation in the media age.
Overproduction and one-step purification of Escherichia coli 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid 8-phosphate synthase and oxygen transfer studies during catalysis using isotopic-shifted heteronuclear NMR.

The enzyme 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid 8-phosphate synthase catalyzes the condensation of D-arabinose 5-phosphate with phosphoenolpyruvate to give the unique 8-carbon acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid 8-phosphate (KDO 8-P) found only in Gram-negative bacteria and required for lipid A maturation and cellular growth. The Escherichia coli gene kdsA that encodes KDO 8-P synthase has been amplified by polymerase chain reaction methodologies and subcloned into the expression vector, pT7-7. A simple one-step purification yields 200 mg of homogeneous KDO 8-P synthase per liter of cell culture. [2-13C,18O]Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) was prepared by first, exchange of [2-13C]-3-bromopyruvate with 2H218O followed by reaction of the labeled bromopyruvate with trimethylphosphite. The fate of the enolic oxygen in this multilabeled PEP, during the course of the KDO 8-P synthase-catalyzed reaction with D-arabinose 5-phosphate, was monitored by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The inorganic phosphate formed during the reaction was further analyzed via mass spectral analysis of its trimethyl ester derivative. The 13C NMR spectrum of an incubation mixture of [2-13C]PEP and D-arabinose 5-phosphate in 2H218O in the presence of KDO 8-P synthase was also recorded. [2-13C]KDO 8-P was utilized to determine the extent of nonenzymatic incorporation of 18O into the C-2 position of KDO 8-P. The results indicate that the enolic oxygen of the PEP is recovered with the inorganic phosphate, and the C-2 oxygen of KDO 8-P originates from the solvent, H2O.
A standardized comparison of semi-intensive pond culture of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii at different latitudes: production increases associated with lower water temperatures

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different ambient water temperatures on growth and population structure of freshwater prawns raised under standardized culture conditions. Juvenile prawns averaging 0.26 ± 0.14 g were stocked into seven 0.04 ha ponds at two study sites. Three ponds were located in Kentucky (KSU:latitude 38 °12′) with seasonal water temperatures averaging 24–26 °C. Four ponds were located in Mississippi (MSU:latitude 33 ° 28′) with a seasonal average of approximately 30 °C. Prawn stocking, sampling, and harvest dates were identical at both locations. Juvenile prawns were single source and were harvested from the same nursery tank for stocking at both locations. The diet used at both sites was from a single production run and was stored under refrigerated conditions. Prawns at both sites were fed twice daily according to a computer generated feeding schedule. Beginning approximately 8 weeks prior to harvest, sampled prawns were also individually identified according to sexual morphotype. At harvest (117 days after stocking) all prawns at both sites were counted, morphotyped, and weighed. Prawn weights were higher at the more northerly site at all samples after 42 days post-stocking. When sampled 64 days post-stocking (5 August) no sexually mature male or females were found. Mature morpho-types were first captured in the Day 83 sampling (25 August). In the Day 106 sampling (16 September), there were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in numbers or weights of the three male morphotypes between sites. However, among females there were significantly fewer ( P P P P > 0.05) between the two sites in prawn survival (83%), average weight (35 g), and feed conversion (2.3). Production was significantly greater ( P ≤ 0.01) at KSU (1261 kg ha −1 ) than MSU (1091 kg ha −1 ) largely reflecting higher average weights of some morphotypes and slightly higher survivals. Differences in proportions and sizes of female morphotypes probably indicate delayed sexual maturation at the more northerly site, prolonging somatic growth which normally ceases when food energies are redirected to reproductive activities.
Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes.

We have found several new spontaneous fission (SF) activities and suggested assignments for some of them to rutherfordium (element 104) isotopes. Their half-lives and production cross sections have been measured by collecting recoils on a moving nickel or steel tape and transporting them past stationary mica track detectors at known velocities. The following tentative assignments are based on several cross bombardments and comparisons between experimental and calculated production cross sections: $^{256}\mathrm{Rf}$(9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 ms), $^{257}\mathrm{Rf}$(3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 s, 14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9% SF), $^{258}\mathrm{Rf}$(13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 ms), $^{259}\mathrm{Rf}$(3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7 s, 9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3% SF), $^{260}\mathrm{Rf}$(21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 ms), and $^{262}\mathrm{Rf}$(47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 ms). Presently we are unable to assign several other new spontaneous fission activities with half-lives of \ensuremath{\sim}15 ms, \ensuremath{\sim}22 ms, \ensuremath{\sim}100 ms (Zl104), \ensuremath{\sim}1.6 s, \ensuremath{\sim}5 s, \ensuremath{\sim}5 s, \ensuremath{\sim}30 s, and \ensuremath{\sim}47 s. Contrary to other observations, we have not found any indication for an 80-ms spontaneous fission activity, earlier credited to the spontaneous fission decay of $^{260}\mathrm{Rf}$, in reactions in which we expected to produce this isotope. Our measurements support a shift in the spontaneous fission half-life systematics at element 104, first proposed by Flerov and Oganessian et al. and later predicted by Randrup et al. and Baran et al. and attributed to the disappearance of the second hump of the double-humped fission barrier and a weakening of the 152-neutron subshell.
Animal models of inherited epilepsy.

Abstract A significant proportion of the childhood epilepsies have a genetic component. Therefore, animal models that can be bred for seizure expression may provide important information regarding the mechanisms by which molecular defects result in the neuronal hyperexcitability states collectively termed "epilepsy." Because of the rate and ease of breeding, rodent models are the most commonly used. The genetically epilepsy-prone rat has motor seizures in response to auditory stimuli. It is likely that the seizures are generated in the inferior colliculus because of an abnormality in the noradrenergic system. The seizure predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The genetic absence epilepsy rat has age-related spontaneous seizures characterized by motor arrest and head drops that are correlated with generalized spike-wave on the electroencephalogram (EEG). The seizure generating mechanism appears to be located in the lateral thalamic nuclei. The epileptic mongolian gerbil demonstrates behavioral arrest followed by myoclonic, tonic, and tonic-clonic seizures in response to unfamiliar environments. The underlying neuroanatomy involves hippocampal-cortical interactions indicative of a partial epilepsy. The tottering mouse has absence and myoclonic seizures, a 6- to 7-Hz ictal spike-wave EEG, and noradrenergic hyperinnervation that are linked to a mutation on chromosome 8. Hippocampal network hyperexcitability has been found with normal neuronal intrinsic properties. Stargazer is a mouse mutant with almost identical clinical and electrographic features as found in tottering. However, the genetic defect is located on chromosome 15 and no abnormalities of norepinephrine have been discovered. The El mouse demonstrates ictal automatisms in response to vestibular stimulation. Metabolic and structural abnormalities have been found in the hippocampus. Linkage to chromosomes 9 and 2 have been reported recently. The dilute brown agouiti mouse demonstrates motor seizures in response to auditory stimuli. Chromosomes 4 and 17 are linked to seizure expression. Thus, a variety of models exist to study the genetic, biochemical, structural and electrophysiological mechanisms that underlie the predisposition and expression of the inherited epilepsies.
Depth and depth-color coding using shape-adaptive wavelets

We present a novel depth and depth-color codec aimed at free-viewpoint 3D-TV. The proposed codec uses a shape-adaptive wavelet transform and an explicit encoding of the locations of major depth edges. Unlike the standard wavelet transform, the shape-adaptive transform generates small wavelet coefficients along depth edges, which greatly reduces the bits required to represent the data. The wavelet transform is implemented by shape-adaptive lifting, which enables fast computations and perfect reconstruction. We derive a simple extension of typical boundary extrapolation methods for lifting schemes to obtain as many vanishing moments near boundaries as away from them. We also develop a novel rate-constrained edge detection algorithm, which integrates the idea of significance bitplanes into the Canny edge detector. Together with a simple chain code, it provides an efficient way to extract and encode edges. Experimental results on synthetic and real data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed codec, with PSNR gains of more than 5dB for depth images and significantly better visual quality for synthesized novel view images.
Cultivable bacteria in developing and mature human dental calculus

In cultures from developing and mature human dental calculous plaques it was found that streptococci were the predominant organisms in all samples taken up to 4 weeks after thorough cleaning of the teeth. Gram-negative rods and neisseriae were also present in large numbers. In older specimens, although streptococci were still present in high numbers, filamentous organisms, particularly Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces naeslundii, were the predominant organisms isolated. Other organisms, such as veillonellae, species of Bacteroides, fusobacteria, and unidentified grampositive rods were frequently isolated but seldom accounted for a large percentage of the cultivable flora of a particular specimen. No yeasts or yeast-like organisms were isolated from any sample.
Solubility of anthracene in binary toluene + alcohol solvent mixtures at 298.15 K

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene in eight binary toluene + alcohol solvent mixtures at 298.15 K. The alcohol solvents studied were 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Results of these measurements were used to test a mathematical representation based on the combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)/Redlich–Kister equation. For the eight systems studied, the combined NIBS/Redlich–Kister equation was found to accurately describe the experimental data, with an average absolute deviation between the measured and back-calculated values being approximately ±0.4%.
Parkinsonism secondary to bilateral striatal fungal abscesses.

A 24-year-old man with an 11-year history of i.v. drug use rapidly developed parkinsonism clinically indistinguishable from MPTP toxicity and Parkinson's disease. Although tests were negative for the human immunodeficiency virus, radiologic evaluation revealed bilateral striatal lesions. Stereotactic biopsy demonstrated septate hyphae consistent with either aspergillosis or mucormycosis. Gradual improvement followed systemic therapy with amphotericin B.
Flame stretch measurements during the interaction of premixed flames and Karman vortex streets using PIV

Flame stretch measurements in a premixed, lean methane-air, V-flame interacting with a Karman vortex street have been made using a particle image velocimeter. The flame curvature and strain rate along the flame have been measured over the range of −2.0–1.0 mm−1 and −175-175 s−1, respectively, which corresponds to a range of flame stretch from −475-200 s−1. Results indicate that the curvature and strain rate are statistically independent. Flame stretch statistics based on individual flames are also considered since each flame represents a particular phase within the regular and periodic interaction cycle studied. These results indicate that for a particular flame the average stretch rate becomes independent of the average flame strain rate. A comparison among PIV measurements, OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) measurements, and numerical simulation reveals similar flame stretch statistics. Qualitative measurements concerning flame shape and the relative location of vortices within the reactant flow are also discussed.
Reference values and factors associated with exhaled nitric oxide: U.S. youth and adults

Summary Background Normative values for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the associated co-factors are important in understanding the role of FeNO as a biomarker in airway disease. The objective of this study is to establish reference FeNO values for youth and adult asymptomatic, lifetime nonsmokers in the United States, and to describe the factors affecting these levels. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2010. The analytic sample consisted of 4718 youth and adults, ages 6–79 years, who were lifelong nonsmokers, and free of asthma, and other respiratory conditions and symptoms. Log e FeNO values were used as dependent variables to test associations of demographic and health related-covariates. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the independent effect and covariate-adjusted contribution of the factors. Results The geometric mean FeNO level was 8.3, 12.1, and 16.2 ppb for males 6–11, 12–19, and 20–79 years, and 8.4, 10.9, and 12.6 ppb for females in the corresponding age groups. Overall, FeNO levels increased with increasing age ( p p Conclusions These reference values and associated attributes in youths and adults are useful in evaluating the role of FeNO in airway diseases.
Effects of play interventions on young children's reading of environmental print

Abstract This study examined effects of exposure to print and interaction with a more knowledgeable other on 56 kindergarten children's environmental print knowledge. Three classes were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: exposure to print during play in print-enriched settings, exposure to print and functional experiences with a more knowledgeable other (an adult) during play in print-enriched settings, and play in nonenriched settings. Prior to and following three weeks of play in each of five settings (15 week intervention period), each child's ability to read the environmental print appropriate to each setting was assessed in two ways: in-context with the words embedded in their supporting context and out-of-context with the words written on a list. The results indicated that while exposure to print significantly influenced the children's ability to read environmental print when the print was embedded in its supporting context, exposure to the print and functional experiences with a more knowledgeable other around this print significantly influenced the children's ability to read environmental print on both reading tasks. These findings suggest that exposure and functional experiences with adults in print-enriched play settings may offer an important opportunity for young children to associate meaning with print.
Associative processes controlling the persistence of operant responding: S-S* and R-S

Rats were trained initially to barpress for food when either a tone or a light was presented. One group then had the tone-food (St-S*) association extinguished by presentation of the tone in the absence of the bar followed by no food. Under this condition, the response-food (R-S*) association was assumed to remain intact. Another group had the R-S* but not the tone-food (St-S*) association extinguished by presentation of the light when a barpress did not produce a food pellet. Two control groups, one concerned with generalized extinction and the other receiving no treatment, were included. The persistence of responding to the tone was then measured in extinction. Extinguishing either type of association (St-S* or R-S*) reduced resistance to extinction relative to controls, implicating both types of association as being important in determining the persistence of operant behavior, with the suggestion that the R-S* may be more important than the StS*. These results are inconsistent with the current trend of emphasizing the importance of St-S* associations to the exclusion of other associative mechanisms.
Absence of Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder after Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis

Abstract Immunosuppressive regimens that effectively prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) have been associated with an increased incidence of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in the first year after transplantation. We evaluated the incidence of PTLD associated with the use of high-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as GVHD prophylaxis. Between 2000 and 2011, a total of 785 adult allo-BMT recipients were given PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including 313 patients who received PTCy as sole GVHD prophylaxis. HLA-haploidentical or unrelated donor graft transplantation was performed in 526 patients (67%). No cases of PTLD occurred during the first year after allo-BMT in this series. PTLD is a rare occurrence after allo-BMT using PTCy, even in high-risk alternative donor transplantations.
Traditions of practice in U.S. preservice teacher education programs

Abstract This paper extends work reported previously Liston and Zeichner's (1991) Teacher Education and the Social Conditions of Schooling by discussing how a conceptual framework describing four traditions of practice in U.S. teacher education can be used to understand the approaches to teacher education in individual teacher education programs. It is argued that all preservice teacher education programs in the U.S. represent particular patterns of resonance with all four of the traditions of practice and that no teacher education program can be understood in relation to only one tradition. The conceptions of teaching expertise embedded in the elementary teacher education program at the University of Wisconsin - Madison are discussed to illustrate how the traditions of practice can illuminate the commitments of teacher educators within particular institutions.
Value of adenine, various nucleosides, and ouabain in maintenance of integrity of red blood cells under blood bank conditions.

Summary. The effects of adenine and various nucleosides on adenine nucleotide metabolism in red cells, as well as on other factors related to the storability of blood were compared during six weeks of storage under blood bank conditions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotides were maintained at higher levels, and higher ratios of ATP to adenine diphosphate were observed, in blood containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) solution than in blood containing acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution. Higher levels of ATP and total adenine nucleotides were maintained in blood containing ACD together with both adenine and inosine than in blood containing ACD alone or together with only one of the two purines. ACD-adenine was more effective in maintaining adenine nucleotides than was ACD-inosine. Addition of uridine did not have any effect on adenine nucleotides in red cells. ATP and total adenine nucleotides were maintained at higher levels in CPD-adenine than in CPD alone. The effect of CPD-inosine or CPD-adenine-inosine was not investigated. ACD-inosine caused a marked increase in plasma lactate, and inhibited glucose utilization, during storage. An increase in plasma inorganic phosphate was delayed by the addition of inosine, and this effect was augmented by adenine and guanosine. There were no findings suggestive of a beneficial effect of these additives on active cation transport, osmotic fragility, hemolysis, or the deterioration of blood cell morphology. Ouabain, an inhibitor of ATPase, had little effect on red cell nucleotide patterns or on other biochemical or morphological criteria for blood storage, possibly because of the low activity of ATPase at 4°C.
The large plumes of Novaya Zemlya

A news article by M. Matson (“Large Plume Events in the Soviet Arctic,” Eos, December 9, 1986, pp. 1372–1373) described large plume events that were observed emanating from Novaya Zemlya Island (U.S.S.R.). Various geomorphic and anthropogenic activities were postulated as sources of this plume. An examination of the imagery presented, and the additional examples provided by Matson, suggest that this cold plume is a naturally occurring, orographically induced event. Novaya Zemlya (NZ) Island is a northeast-to-southwest oriented island. The topography of the northern portion of the island, where the plumes were observed, is characterized by a continuous glacial ridge located at the center of the land mass. This glacier rises quickly from sea level to more than 2500 ft or ∼760 m (Figure 1). Ridges on the southern portion are oriented east-west and are below 2500 ft. In addition, the northern portion of the island arcs to the northeast, generally perpendicular to the movements of prevailing winds and weather systems.
Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation and Stress Prediction for a Tethered Aerostat

Aerostats are lighter-than-air vehicles tethered to the ground by a long cable. Their operational availability as a communications and surveillance platform, however, is limited by high winds during inclement weather. This paper develops aerostat dynamic models that predict the aerostat motion and tether and confluence line stresses in response to wind inputs. A nonlinear dynamic simulation is developed based on recent models for lighter-than-air vehicles that more accurately reflect aerodynamic loading in gust environments. Comparison of the dynamic response with previously published flight data for the TCOM 71M aerostat validates the model and demonstrates up to 44% higher accuracy results than previous techniques. A static truss finite element model predicts confluence line loads based on the dynamic response.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Recirculation zone dynamics of a transversely excited swirl flow and flame

This work investigates the response of the vortex breakdown region of a swirling, annular jet to transverse acoustic excitation for both non-reacting and reacting flows. This swirling flow field consists of a central vortex breakdown region, two shear layers, and an annular fluid jet. The vortex breakdown bubble, a region of highly turbulent recirculating flow in the center of the flowfield, is the result of a global instability of the swirling jet. Additionally, the two shear layers originating from the inner and outer edge of the annular nozzle are convectively unstable and rollup due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Unlike the convectively unstable shear layers that respond in a monotonic manner to acoustic forcing, the recirculation zone exhibits a range of response characteristics, ranging from minimal response to exhibiting abrupt bifurcations at large forcing amplitudes. In this study, the response of the time-average and fluctuating recirculation zone is measured as a function of forcing frequ...
Circadian and ultradian influences on dreaming: A dual rhythm model

The dual rhythm model of dreaming states that, under high sensory thresholds, heightened general cortical activation common to both REM/NREM and circadian-driven activation cycles sums to produce the main characteristics of dreaming. In addition, the unique pattern of regional brain activation characteristic of REM sleep amplifies the emotional intensity of the dream. Subjects were awakened from REM and NREM sleep once near the nadir of the core body temperature rhythm, where circadian-driven cortical activation was assumed to be low, and again in the late morning, where this activation was presumed to be high. As predicted, changes in the central characteristics of dream reports mirrored REM/NREM and circadian-driven fluctuations in general activation, while at the same time, the regional activation pattern unique to REM sleep amplified dream emotionality selectively in REM reports.
Differential expression of three classes of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels during maturation of the rat cerebellum in vitro

Abstract Voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels provide a mode of Ca 2+ influx that is essential for intracellular signaling in many cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the relative amounts of mRNAs encoding three classes of Ca 2+ channels (α1A, α1B and α1E) during development, in cultures established from prenatal rat cerebellar cortex. Ca 2+ channel transcript levels were standardized to a constitutive marker (cyclophilin). For all three classes of Ca 2+ channels, transcript levels were highest at early stages (4–10 days in vitro) and declined with age. This developmental pattern was differentially regulated by a depolarizing agent, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 1 mM). Chronic depolarization yielded a significant elevation in transcript levels for α1B (N-type) and α1E (R-type) Ca 2+ channels during neuronal maturation (10–21 days in vitro), but dramatically suppressed transcript levels for the α1A (P-type) Ca 2+ channel at all stages of development. The effects of TEA on α1A, α1B and α1E transcript levels were mimicked by increasing external K + (from 5 to 10 mM). The regulatory effects of depolarization on transcript levels were dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ for α1E but not for α1A. For α1B, transcript levels depended on extracellular Ca 2+ only for increased K + as the depolarizing stimulus, but not for TEA. These results suggest that levels of Ca 2+ channel transcripts in rat cerebellum are developmentally regulated in vitro and can be influenced differentially by transmembrane signaling via chronic depolarization and Ca 2+ entry. Dynamic regulation of Ca 2+ channel expression may be relevant to the different functional roles of Ca 2+ channels and their regional localization within neurons.
Chronic Paroxysmal Headache: Two Cases With Cerebrovascular Disease

SYNOPSIS Paroxysmal headaches often occur in benign headache disorders such as episodic cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and episodic paroxysmal hemicrania. We report 2 patients with paroxysmal headaches occurring in association with cerebrovascular disease. The first patient had paroxysmal headaches from an arteriovenous malformation which resolved following embolization. In the second patient, headache followed a cerebral infarction and responded to treatment with indomethacin. We suggest that vascular disease may cause paroxysmal headaches resembling CPH. Patients with an atypical presentation of CPH warrant a neuroimaging procedure.
A particle sensor for a multifunctional membrane solar sail spacecraft

Abstract Solar sail missions have been proposed to investigate the outer heliosphere and our galactic neighborhood. Solar sail spacecraft usually consist of a traditional spacecraft bus on which the chemical/electrical propulsion module is replaced by a sail. In this report we describe a solar sail spacecraft where the functions of the spacecraft bus are completely integrated in a multifunctional membrane. For such a multifunctional membrane spacecraft we present here a particle sensor to measure the plasma environment. Using microsystems technology, energy generation, control, communication and sensing are completely integrated in the solar sail. Large solar sail area leads to a large particle collection area.
Results from a magnetic-monopole search utilizing He proportional tubes

The results from the University of California, San Diego magnetic-monopole search are presented. The detector is an array of helium proportional tubes having an aperture whose area\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}solid angle is 32.4 ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$sr. For a live time of 367 days, no bare monopole candidates were observed, setting the upper flux limit of 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$${\mathrm{sr}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for velocities between 1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ c and 6.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ c. A description of a larger proportional-tube array (256 ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$sr) is also given in the Appendix.
A contribution to Bontoc ethnobotany

This paper presents the basic data gathered in a study of plant names, uses, folklore, and cultivation practices among the residents of Tukukan in the central Bontoc region of the northern Philippines. Scientific names and phytogeographic statuses are provided for 325 specimens representing 265 genera and 109 families. In addition to expanding our knowledge of Bontoc ethnobotany, the study has provided insights into past plant use with important implications for understanding agricultural evolution in the region.
Sedimentary-Tectonic Relations in the Mesozoic of the North-Central Gulf Coastal Plain: ABSTRACT

Jurassic and Triassic units of the northern Gulf Coast do not crop out, and Cretaceous units do so only along narrow discontinuous belts, comprising small fractions of their known extent. Nevertheless, our thinking concerning stratigraphy sedimentation, and geological history has been dominated by surface-oriented concepts of such nearshore phenomena as onlap, offlap, and shoreline position. A much broader, more truly three-dimensional view of geological history is possible through the use of much more extensive subsurface control. "Peripheral" tectonic elements (e.g., Ouachitas and "Ouachita-Monroe Trend"), on the landward edge of the Mesozoic depositional area, affected nearshore clastic distribution, shoreline relations, etc. "Shelf" tectonic trends, particularly at the Gulfward edge ("shelf-edge"), strongly affected deposition in offshore areas by controlling marine circulation, direction and competency of currents, etc. Both types of structures have variously combined to produce such phenomena as: 1) trends of porous limestone or massive sandstone; 2) evaporite lagoons; and 3) "direct-source" and "indirect-source" facies patterns, i.e., Gulfward and landward decrease, respectively, in grain size and clastic-ratio. A tectofacies classification is proposed to show the effect of structural patterns on sedimentary environments. Greater weight is placed on lithofacies data (reflecting water depth, and position in reference to dominant tectonic trends) than on thickness, per se. Four tectotopes are recognized in Gulfward sequence, each with its own characteristics: backshelf, foreshelf, shelfedge, and basin. The shelfedge migrated, commonly by shifting from one structural trend to another, as depositional cycles progressed. Each "stand" of the shelfedge produced a characteristic environmental regime. A tectofacies map of each of these regimes would produce an episodal history of the Mesozoic of the Gulf Coastal Plain. End_of_Article - Last_Page 333------------