cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fiber Cross Section on Rotor Spinning of Polyester

The effect of polyester fibers with nonround cross sections on the rotor spinning of 100% polyester and 50% polyester/50% cotton yarns is determined. The polyester cross sections are hollow with a 5% void and trilobal, oval, ribbon, peanut, and scalloped oval shapes. The polyester fibers (oval, ribbon, peanut, scalloped oval shapes) with aspect ratios greater than one have fewer yarn breaks than the stiffer polyester fibers (round, hollow, trilobal shapes) with an aspect ratio of one. The peanut and scalloped oval fibers, which combine a multilobal character with an aspect ratio greater than one, have the fewest yarn breaks. The superior rotor spinning of these nonround fibers is believed to be the result of enhanced twist propagation due to lower torsional rigidity and lower fiber-to-surface contact.
Strontium isotopic signatures of the streams and lakes of Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Chemical weathering in a polar climate

We have collected and analyzed a series of water samples from three closed-basin lakes (Lakes Bonney, Fryxell, and Hoare) in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, and the streams that flow into them. In all three lakes, the hypolimnetic waters have different 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the surface waters, with the deep water of Lakes Fryxell and Hoare being less radiogenic than the surface waters. The opposite occurs in Lake Bonney. The Lake Fryxell isotopic ratios are lower than modern-day ocean water and most of the whole-rock ratios of the surrounding geologic materials. A conceivable source of Sr to the system could be either the Cenozoic volcanic rocks that make up a small portion of the till deposited in the valley during the Last Glacial Maximum or from marble derived from the local basement rocks. The more radiogenic ratios from Lake Bonney originate from ancient salt deposits that flow into the lake from Taylor Glacier and the weathering of minerals with more radiogenic Sr isotopic ratios within the tills. The Sr isotopic data from the streams and lakes of Taylor Valley strongly support the notion documented by previous investigators that chemical weathering has been, and is currently, a major process in determining the overall aquatic chemistry of these lakes in this polar desert environment.
Epistemic marking and reliability judgments : Evidence from Bulgarian

Most linguists contend that epistemic markers for source-of-information also encode the speaker's assessment of the reliability of that information. Their claim tacitly questions the utility of source-of-information marking and its validity, which depends on the ability to distinguish source-of-information from speaker-attitude marking. I argue that the source of information has a distinct function in the conversational exchange and that it is possible to distinguish source-of-information from speaker-attitude marking. The former does not have consistent implications about the evaluation of the reliability of the information while the latter represents such an evaluation. I use this criterion to assess competing claims about the meaning of grammatical epistemic markers in Bulgarian. The results from two studies suggest that epistemic marking in Bulgarian characterizes the source of information rather than the speaker's attitude. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Growth, nitrogen uptake, and metabolism in two semiarid shrubs grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: effects of nitrogen supply and source.

1ratio stimulated growth responses to elevated CO2 in both species when N was limiting and increased the responses of P. flexuosa at high Nlevel. Significant differences in N uptake and metabolites were found between species. Seedlings of both species are highly responsive to N availability and will benefit from increases in CO 2, provided that a high proportion of NO3 -t o NH 4-N is present in the soil solution. This enhancement, in combination with responses that increase N acquisition and increases in water use efficiency typically found at elevated CO2, may indicate that these semiarid species will be better able to cope with both nutrient and water deficits as CO2 levels rise.
Experiments on peeling adhesive tapes from human forearms

Background/purpose Peeling of adhesive tape from hu-man skin can cause pain and trauma. The effects of the peel angle, peel rate, dwell time, subject, and order of testing were examined. Methods Adhesive tape was peeled from the volar forearms of four human subjects. The tape was 25.4-mm-wide Durapore by 3M. The rates ranged from 100 to 10,000 mm/min, the peel angle from 90 degrees to 180 degrees, and the dwell time from one to 15 min. The tensile testing machines'recorded the peel force and the displacement of the end of the tape. Results A range of maximum and average peel force values was observed. The peel force tended to be minimum for a peel angle around 150 degrees in most cases. As the peel rate was increased, the peel force generally tended to increases lightly, but the relationship was erratic. As the dwell time increased, the peel force increased and then settled down. Of the subjects tested, the skin of the oldest subject experienced the most displacement and highest peel forces(the maximum force over all tests was 3.6 N). The peel force tended to increase with repeated peeling from the same skin site. Compared with peeling from a rigid substrate such as steel, the peel force from skin was lower. Conclusion The results improve understanding of the factors affecting the peel force, which has been correlated previously with trauma caused by peeling adhesive tape from skin.
Injectable hydrogel provides growth‐permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells

Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair.
The Use of Gain- or Loss-Frame Messages and Efficacy Appeals to Dissuade Excessive Alcohol Consumption Among College Students: A Test of Psychological Reactance Theory

The present study applies psychological reactance theory (PRT) to examine the effectiveness of a 2 (frame: gain, loss) x 2 (efficacy: present, not present) experiment to determine best practices in dissuading excessive alcohol consumption among college students. Results from the structural model revealed no association between a perceived threat to choose and message frame or efficacy appeals. As anticipated, a perceived threat to freedom was positively associated with state reactance, which in turn was positively associated with a boomerang effect and negatively associated with favorable source appraisal. State reactance was not associated with favorable attitudes toward preventing the overconsumption of alcohol. In addition to main effects, interactions between message frame and efficacy appeal with four person factors (participant age, trait reactance, perceived health risk, and alcohol consumption) were examined. Individuals perceiving health risk to be low would benefit from gain-frame messages, whereas loss-frame messages would be most effective for heavy drinkers. Finally, when communicating to underage drinkers, our results support using efficacy appeals when accompanied by a loss-frame message.
Symbiosis in Subterranean Termites: A Review of Insights From Molecular Studies

The symbiotic relationship of termites and their eukaryotic and prokaryotic gut microbiota is a focal point of research because of the important roles symbionts play in termite nutrition. The use of molecular methods has recently provided valuable insights into the species diversity and the roles of microorganisms in the guts of termites. This paper provides a review of the current knowledge of symbiont species inventories, genome analysis, and gene expression in the guts of subterranean termites. Particular emphasis is given to the termite genera Reticulitermes and Coptotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), because they contain pest species of global impact in their native and invasive range.
Targeted disruption of deep-lying neocortical microvessels in rat using ultrashort laser pulses

The study of neurovascular diseases such as vascular dementia and stroke require novel models of targeted vascular disruption in the brain. We describe a model of microvascular disruption in rat neocortex that uses ultrashort laser pulses to induce localized injury to specific targeted microvessels and uses two-photon microscopy to monitor and guide the photodisruption process. In our method, a train of high-intensity, 100-fs laser pulses is tightly focused into the lumen of a blood vessel within the upper 500 μm of cortex. Photodisruption induced by these laser pulses creates injury to a single vessel located at the focus of the laser, leaving the surrounding tissue intact. This photodisruption results in three modalities of localized vascular injury. At low power, blood plasma extravasation can be induced. The vessel itself remains intact, while serum is extravasated into the intercellular space. Localized ischemia caused by an intravascular clot results when the photodisruption leads to a brief disturbance of the vascular walls that initiates an endogenous clotting cascade. The formation of a localized thrombus stops the blood flow at the location of the photodisruption. A hemorrhage, defined as a large extravasation of blood including plasma and red blood cells, results when higher laser power is used. The targeted vessel does not remain intact.
Utilization of similar mechanisms by Legionella pneumophila to parasitize two evolutionarily distant host cells, mammalian macrophages and protozoa

The Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is an intracellular pathogen of humans that is amplified in the environment by intracellular multiplication within protozoa. Within both evolutionarily distant hosts, the bacterium multiplies in a rough endoplasmic reticulum-surrounded phagosome that is retarded from maturation through the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway. To gain an understanding of the mechanisms utilized by L. pneumophila to invade and replicate within two evolutionarily distant hosts, we isolated a collection of 89 mini-Tn10::kan insertion mutants that exhibited defects in cytotoxicity, intracellular survival, and replication within both U937 macrophage-like cells and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Interestingly, the patterns of defects in intracellular survival and replication of the mutants within both host cells were highly similar, and thus we designated the defective loci in these mutants pmi (for protozoan and macrophage infectivity loci). On the basis of their ability to attach to host cells and their growth kinetics during the intracellular infection, the mutants were grouped into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 included 41 mutants that were severely defective in intracellular survival and were completely or substantially killed during the first 4 h of infection in both host cells. Three members of group 1 were severely defective in attachment to both U937 cells and A. polyphaga, and another four mutants of group 1 exhibited severe defects in attachment to A. polyphaga but only a mild reduction in their attachment to U937 cells. Four members of groups 1 and 2 were serum sensitive. Intracellular replication of mutants of the other three groups was less defective than that of mutants of groups 1 and 2, and their growth kinetics within both host cells were similar. The mutants were tested for several other phenotypes in vitro, revealing that 14 of the pmi mutants were resistant to NaCl, 3 had insertions in dot or icm, 3 were aflagellar, 12 were highly intolerant to a hyperosmotic medium, and one failed to grow in a minimal medium. Our data indicated that similar mechanisms are utilized by L. pneumophila to replicate within two evolutionarily distant hosts. Although some mechanisms of attachment to both host cells were similar, other distinct mechanisms were utilized by L. pneumophila to attach to A. polyphaga. Our data supported the hypothesis that preadaptation of L. pneumophila to infection of protozoa may play a major role in its ability to replicate within mammalian cells and cause Legionnaires' disease.
Testing and verification of a scale-model acoustic propagation system

This paper discusses the design and operation of a measurement apparatus used to conduct scale-model underwater acoustic propagation experiments, presents experimental results for an idealized waveguide, and compares the measured results to data generated by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the capability of the apparatus for a simple waveguide that primarily exhibits 2D acoustic propagation. The apparatus contains a computer-controlled positioning system that accurately moves a receiving transducer in the water layer above a scale-model bathymetry while a stationary source transducer emits broadband pulsed waveforms. Experimental results are shown for a 2.133 m × 1.219 m bathymetric part possessing a flat-bottom bathymetry with a translationally invariant wedge of 10° slope along one edge. Beamformed results from a synthetic horizontal line array indicate the presence of strong in-plane arrivals along with weaker diffracted and horizontally refracted arrivals. A simulated annealing inversion method is applied to infer values for five waveguide parameters with the largest measurement uncertainty. The inferred values are then used in a 2D method of images model and a 3D adiabatic normal-mode model to simulate the measured acoustic data.
Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in everyday practice: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous thromboembolism.

AbstractPurpose:In recent years, four nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were approved to prevent stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and to treat venous thromboembolism (VTE). Edoxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is the latest NOAC to be approved for use
A Search for Meaning: The Family’s Response to Serious Mental Illness

A Search for Meaning: The Family’s Response to Serious Mental Illness By Katherine M. Burrelsman, M.A., M.F.T. It is a commonly held belief that it is inherent in human nature to strive for coherence and meaning in the midst of adversity. Whether this is short or long term, for immediate or prolonged functioning, we all strive to put experiences within events into a framework that enables us to develop a sense of order leading to acceptance and resolution. Therefore, each individual within a family system may develop a hypothesis in order to make a modicum of sense of what can appear to be an impossible situation. The participants involved in this study were individuals with relatives suffering from mental illness; parents, siblings, children, and extended family members who had raised a niece/nephew or grandchild with mental illness. The research design was based on pilot interviews, a demographic questionnaire, and a structured narrative interview. The transcribed texts were analyzed using structural analysis and grounded theory. Five women and three men provided narratives of their lived experience with a family member suffering with mental illness from a variety of perspectives in response to open-ended questions posed by Researcher. The emergent themes were organized and categorized into levels or stages of experience that became the structural equivalent of the journey undertaken by these individuals in their search for meaning. These themes were characterized by the need for the experience of feelings, the need to reach out (personal contact), the need for cognitive process (faculty of knowing), the need for an end purpose, the need for an outcome, and the need for an ultimate resolution from which sense or meaning is derived. Results of the study indicated that family members come to terms with or find meaning in the midst of familial mental illness through a process that incorporates the succinct concepts of emotion, resources, knowledge, strategies, process, and coming to terms. The integration of these components into a model of meaning for families with relatives suffering from mental illness lead these individuals to ways of being in the world that is characterized, in most cases, by active engagement in the search for meaning. The electronic version of this dissertation is available in the open-access OhioLink ETD Center, www.ohiolink.edu/etd.
A Systems Approach Knowledge Base for Education

The paper argues that the real failure of our school systems is their failure to educate us for citizenship in a complex and interrelated world where institutions and technology increasingly permeate modern life. After arguing that the reaching of limits in resources use will make public education on the technological-institutional systems that support modern life necessary, the author identifies a number of features of a systems approach knowledge base to meet this challenge. Two illustrations of how a curriculum based on these features could be developed are provided.
Forty Years On: Still Searching for the Corporation-Society Paradigm

In 1975, the Journal of Economic Literature published an article by Lee E. Preston entitled “The Corporation and Society: Search for a Paradigm”. The article became an important landmark in the evolution of the young, but rapidly growing, field of business and society. This paper reviews Preston’s effort to articulate the corporation-society paradigm. The author, who served as Preston’s research assistant when the original paper was written and, later, as his coauthor, discusses Preston’s “search for a paradigm”, offers an assessment of where the field stands today, and discusses whether, or where, a new paradigm is likely to emerge.
Cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy of biliary stents in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims The optimal type of stent for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with curative intent is unknown. We performed a prospective trial comparing 3 types of biliary stents—fully covered self-expandable metal (fcSEMS), uncovered self-expandable metal (uSEMS), and plastic—to determine which best optimized cost-effectiveness and important clinical outcomes. Methods In this prospective randomized trial, consecutive patients with malignant biliary obstruction from newly diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were to start neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were randomized to receive fcSEMSs, uSEMSs, or plastic stents during the index ERCP. The primary outcomes were time to stent occlusion, attempted surgical resection, or death after the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy, and the secondary outcomes were total patient costs associated with the stent, including the index ERCP cost, downstream hospitalization cost due to stent occlusion, and the cost associated with procedural adverse event. Results Fifty-four patients were randomized and reached the primary end point: 16 in the fcSEMS group, 17 in the uSEMS group, and 21 in the plastic stent group. No baseline demographic or tumor characteristic differences were noted among the groups. The fcSEMSs had a longer time to stent occlusion compared with uSEMSs and plastic stents (220 vs 74 and 76 days, P P P P Conclusions In a prospective trial comparing fcSEMSs, uSEMSs, and plastic stents for malignant biliary obstruction in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy with curative intent for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, no stent type was superior in optimizing cost-effectiveness, although fcSEMSs resulted in fewer days of neoadjuvant treatment delay and a longer time to stent occlusion. (Clincial trial registration number: NCT01038713.)
Effect of Nozzle-Exit Boundary Layer on Jet Noise

A number of jet noise experiments have been performed over the years in different facilities and the measured lossless spectra do not always match. Some of the researchers have suggested this discrepancy is associated with rig noise. Another school of thought is that this discrepancy could be due to differing nozzle-exit boundary layers. One of the criticized datasets is the Tanna database, which was acquired at the Lockheed Georgia anechoic jetfacility, now operated by Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), where the current authors work. In this paper, this rig noise contamination claim is examined by operating the facility at conditions and for nozzle geometries that would enhance upstream noise if it were dominant. The facility was found to produce jet mixing noise free of rig noise. A muffler installed upstream of the jet nozzle also showed that rig noise was nonexistent. Jet noise was acquired from two types of nozzles: ASME and conical. Boundary layer characteristics of both nozzle types were acquired and compared. It was found that a jet exhaust from an ASME nozzle produced more noise compared to a nozzle with a developed nozzle-exit boundary layer and that increase may be responsible for the effect that was blamed to be the result of contamination in some published studies.
Bacteriological Character of Urethral Secretion of Children Patients with Hypospadia after Operation and Nursing Intervention

Objective To explore the bacteriological character of urethral secretion of children patients with hypospadia after operation,to put forward nursing intervention.Methods There were 32 cases of hypospadias undergoing surgical treatment from Oct.2008 to Aug.2009.Urethral Secretion was collected for germiculture at the 1st,3rd and 5th day after operation respectively,and urinary fistula,infection and urethrostenosis were recorded.Results Among 32 cases of hypospadias,there were 20 gemiculture positive cases at the 1st day after operation,Escherichia coli 16 cases,staphylococcus aureus 3 cases,and Enterobacter cloacae 1 case.On the other hand,there were 6 gemiculture positive cases at the 3rd day after operation,and only one case positive bacterial culture at the 5th day after operation.Among all patients,there were 3 cases complicating urinary fistula,5 cases urethrostenosis,and one clinical infection after operation.Conclusion The bacterial infection of hypospadia after operation is mainly caused by intestinal bacteria.Pertinent treatment and nursing may improve operation success rate of hypospadia.
Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status of A CDC Workers in different Dining Venues in Tianjin

[Objective]To study the dietary pattern and nutrition status with different meal approach for CDC worker of Tianjin.[Methods]Retrospective method was adopted to calculate all food intake in a certain time for 3 meal approaches.[Results]The average intake of fish,meat,egg,bean,nuts,oil and salt per reference man per day was highest in restaurant.The average intake of energy,protein,fat,most vitamin and mineral per reference man per day was highest in restaurant as well.The sequence of energy provided by protein and fat was in restaurant,at home and in the staff dining room.The sequence of energy provided by carbohydrate was in the staff dining room,at home and in restaurant.[Conclusion]The dietary pattern and nutrition status for CDC workers of Tianjin is better at home.For the 3 meal approaches,the intake of vegetable and vitamin C is low,the intake of salt and Na is high.
Scientific Integrity: Text and Cases in Responsible Conduct of Research

According to Webster's Dictionary, integrity (Lat. integritas, soundness or purity) can be defined as the firm adherence to a code or standard of values. The book by Francis Macrina is about integrity in science. Macrina provides scientists with a useful guide for values-based behavior by analyzing bioethics topics that can be used to teach students about the principles of scientific integrity through interactive exercises such as case studies, surveys, and a play-acting scenario.
A Multi-Objective Approach To Ceo Selection

A critical decision that a board of directors must make involves Chief Executive Officer (CEO) selection. In order for an organization to he successful, board of directors must identify CEO candida...
Lymph node T cells in Hodgkin's disease: analysis of suspensions with monoclonal antibody and rosetting techniques

Abstract Suspensions prepared from lymph nodes involved by Hodgkin's disease and from a diverse group of lymph node hyperplasias were investigated with a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies and a variety of conventional surface marker techniques. In both Hodgkin's disease and hyperplasia, 60%–70% of the cells were T lymphocytes, approximately 80% of the inducer/helper subset and 20% of the cytotoxic/suppressor subset. The most prominent differences observed between Hodgkin's disease and hyperplastic T cells are explained by greater affinity of the sheep cell receptor on the surface of the lymphoma T lymphocytes. This greater affinity was best demonstrated by the formation of rosettes with unsensitized or immunoglobulin-sensitized sheep erythrocytes after incubation at 37°C, an occurrence observed only with Hodgkin's disease cells. In addition, in hyperplasia, a variable proportion of lymphocytes reacting with the anti-T-cell monoclonal antiserum OKT3 failed to form unsensitized rosettes at 4°C (E rosettes), while in Hodgkin's disease there was near equivalence of T cells that reacted with the antiserum and formed E rosettes. In addition to the increased affinity for sheep erythrocytes, some Hodgkin's disease specimens displayed increased reactivity with the monoclonal antibody OKM1, which detects monocytes and granulocytes, and the monoclonal antibody OKT10, which reacts with early thymocytes. Finally, 14 of 20 lymphoma samples exhibited polar migration of the fluorescent material (capping) with one or more antisera (most frequently OKI1, the monoclonal antibody with specificity for the la-like antigen). These findings are useful in distinguishing Hodgkin's disease lymph nodes from hyperplasia by surface marker characteristics and may be relevant to older observations that Hodgkin's disease T cells aggregate about Reed-Sternberg cells.
Some Old and New Issues in Regional Development

I am only too painfully aware of being probably the only participant in this conference who is innocent of any experience in actually diagnosing and prescribing for the problem of a backward area in an advanced country. Under the circumstances, it seems most fitting that I try to contribute by offering the impressions of an interested observer on some of the controversy on relevant development theory and policy in recent years. I shall attempt, then, to put into focus what seem to me the most important issues at stake, and to relate them to each other. Little if any of this will be news to members of the conference, but I may succeed in making some sufficiently provocative statements to provide a basis for constructive discussion by the real experts. I shall also have occasion, towards the end of this paper, to propose some fruitful lines of further inquiry.
Microbes and Plants

This chapter discusses the microbes and plants found in freshwaters. All organisms have viruses. A successful virus in an aquatic habitat must make contact with the correct type of host cell. The Archaea are single-celled organisms with no nucleus or organelles. They reproduce asexually by fission or budding and no species are known to produce spores. The Bacteria are single-celled organisms without organelles or a nucleus. They are ubiquitous and may have greater active biomass (protoplasm) than any other group of organisms on earth, although that distinction may also belong to Archaea. Bacteria are in every habitat and they regulate flows of energy and nutrients through aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria are a significant ecosystem component of many lighted aquatic habitats. They can cause problems when they form large blooms. Many varieties produce toxins and foul the water. Algae constitute an important and diverse group found in freshwaters and form the basis of many aquatic food webs. The importance of algae also includes an intimate role in water quality. Protozoas are the main consumers of bacteria in aquatic systems. Fungi are responsible for much of the degradation of particulate organic material that occurs in freshwaters, and some groups are also commonly parasitic on aquatic organisms. The Bryophytes may be important in some shallow aquatic habitats. In aquatic systems plants may be classified as submerged, floating, or emergent, and they represent important structural habitat for other organisms. Vascular plants are dominant contributors to organic matter in many shallow aquatic ecosystems.
Longitudinal Assessment of Cardiac Morphology and Function Following Kidney Transplantation

Background Abnormal cardiac morphology is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications in kidney transplant patients. A supraphysiologic level of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) has been associated with myocardial hypertrophy in this patient population. Our aim was to evaluate the change in cardiac morphology and function following kidney transplantation and to evaluate the association between the change in FGF-23 concentrations and cardiac morphology. Methods We performed a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 143 kidney transplant recipients (73% male, 75% white) measuring left ventricular (LV) mass index, left atrial (LA) volume index, and ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography at months 1, 12, and 24 post-transplant. FGF-23 levels were measured at months 1 and 24 post-transplant. Results Unadjusted and adjusted linear mixed effects models were used to examine changes in outcomes over time. In the adjusted model, LV mass index (P<0.001) and LA volume index (P<0.001) decreased and EF (P=0.009) increased significantly over time. There was a significant association between decreasing FGF-23 levels and improving LV mass index following transplant (P=0.036) in the unadjusted model; however, there was no significant relationship in the adjusted model (0.195). Conclusion Understanding the progression of unique cardiovascular risk factors associated with kidney transplantation may provide potential opportunities to improve survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Vps13 and Cdc31/centrin: Puzzling partners in membrane traffic

Yeast Vps13 is a member of a conserved protein family that includes human homologues associated with neurodegenerative and developmental disorders. In this issue, De et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201606078) establish direct roles for Vps13 and its surprising binding partner, the calcium-binding centrin Cdc31, in trans-Golgi network (TGN) to endosome traffic and TGN homotypic fusion.
Commuting Flows and Infinite-Dimensional Tori: Sine-Gordon

The present work concerns the periodic sine-Gordon equation. We explain why the complete set of conserved functionals for sine-Gordon is an infinite-dimensional torus; the periodic sine-Gordon solution is almost periodic in time on an infinite-dimensional torus.
Cross-talk between the H3K36me3 and H4K16ac histone epigenetic marks in DNA double-strand break repair

Post-translational modifications of histone proteins regulate numerous cellular processes. Among these modifications, trimethylation of lysine 36 in histone H3 (H3K36me3) and acetylation of lysine 16 in histone H4 (H4K16ac) have important roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response signaling. However, whether these two epigenetic histone marks are mechanistically linked remains unclear. Here we discovered a new pathway through which H3K36me3 stimulates H4K16ac upon DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction in human cells. In particular, we examined, using Western blot analysis, the levels of H3K36me3 and H4K16ac in cells after exposure to various DSB-inducing agents, including neocarzinostatin, γ rays, and etoposide, and found that H3K36me3 and H4K16ac were both elevated in cells upon these treatments. We also observed that DSB-induced H4K16 acetylation was abolished in cells upon depletion of the histone methyltransferase gene SET-domain containing 2 (SETD2) and the ensuing loss of H3K36me3. Furthermore, the H3K36me3-mediated increase in H4K16ac necessitated lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 splicing variant (LEDGF), which is a reader protein of H3K36me3, and the KAT5 (TIP60) histone acetyltransferase. Mechanistically, the chromatin-bound LEDGF, through its interaction with KAT5, promoted chromatin localization of KAT5, thereby stimulating H4K16 acetylation. In this study, we unveiled cross-talk between two important histone epigenetic marks and defined the function of this cross-talk in DNA DSB repair.
Dosing Accuracy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in an Academic Medical Center.

Author(s): Schwartz, Janice; Merrill, Steve; de Leon, Noelle; Thompson, Ashley; Fang, Margaret | Abstract: Background/objectiveDirect-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used to prevent or treat thromboembolism. We conducted a study to compare how well initial DOAC prescribing for adult inpatients adhered to dosing recommendations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingSingle academic medical center, July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015.Patients508 adult inpatients.MeasurementsDOAC prescriptions were evaluated to determine whether they met FDA-recommended dosing and administration according to patient age, weight, sex, race, kidney function, diagnoses, and concomitant medications.ResultsDOACs were prescribed in 635 admissions (247 apixaban, 97 dabigatran, 291 rivaroxaban). The indication was atrial fibrillation/flutter in 465 admissions (8% with bioprostheses or valve repair), chronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 67, acute DVT in 32, chronic pulmonary embolism in 23, acute pulmonary embolism in 19, DVT prevention after hip or knee surgery in 19, and non-FDA-approved indications in 10. Sixteen percent of orders for venous thromboembolic disease were for patients with active malignancy. Dosages not concordant with recommendations were prescribed for apixaban in 18% of admissions, for rivaroxaban in 14%, and for dabigatran in 7% (? = 0.04). Lower than recommended dosing was more common than higher than recommended dosing (? l 0.05). Half the deviations were continuations of outpatient dosing. Atrial fibrillation/flutter and post-hip or -knee surgery dosing deviations were more common than venous thromboembolic disease deviations (? l 0.001) but were not related to prescriber specialty.ConclusionsDOAC prescribing recommendation deviations that can affect clinical efficacy were identified. Education and point-of-care decision support tools for improving dosing are needed, as are outcome data for patients who receive DOACs at lower than recommended dosing or for off-label indications.
Nonnegative Sparse PCA with Provable Guarantees

We introduce a novel algorithm to compute non-negative sparse principal components of positive semidefinite (PSD) matrices. Our algorithm comes with approximation guarantees contingent on the spectral profile of the input matrix A: the sharper the eigenvalue decay, the better the quality of the approximation. If the eigenvalues decay like any asymptotically vanishing function, we can approximate nonnegative sparse PCA within any accuracy e in time polynomial in the matrix dimension n and desired sparsity k, but not in 1/e. Further, we obtain a data dependent bound that is computed by executing an algorithm on a given data set. This bound is significantly tighter than a-priori bounds and can be used to show that for all tested datasets our algorithm is provably within 40% - 90% from the unknown optimum. Our algorithm is combinatorial and explores a subspace defined by the leading eigenvectors of A. We test our scheme on several data sets, showing that it matches or outperforms the previous state of the art.
Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Assessment of Currently Available Techniques

Abstract Image-guided thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this review is to describe currently available ablation options for renal cell carcinoma and nursing care.
Pattern of Projections to the 60 KHz Isofrequency Region of the Mustache Bat’s Inferior Colliculus

The central nucleus of the mustache bat’s inferior colliculus (ICc) has three divisions, each representing a different portion of the cochlear partition (Pollak et al., 1983; Zook et al., 1985) (Fig. 1). The anterolateral division (ALD) represents low frequencies, from about 10 kHz to 59 kHz. The medial division (MD) represents high frequencies that range from about 64 kHz to over 120 kHz. The dorsoposterior division (DPD) is a specialized isofrequency region that occupies roughly a third of the volume of the inferior colliculus. DPD neurons are all sharply tuned to 60 kHz, the dominant frequency of the bat’s echolocation calls (Pollak and Bodenhamer 1981; Zook et al., 1985).
Trends in Cooperative Research Activity

The National Cooperative Research Act of 1984, Public Law 98-462, was legislated “to promote research and development, encourage innovation, stimulate trade, and make necessary and appropriate modifications in the operation of the antitrust laws.”1 While the Act sets forth this objective, it does not place it in an historical perspective. Such a perspective is important not only to appreciate the trends in cooperative research activity presented in this paper, but also to provide a backdrop against which the National Cooperative Research Act was passed and against which it can begin to be evaluated.
Hyperbolic ricci flow and its application in studying lateral ventricle morphometry

Here we propose a novel method to compute surface hyperbolic parameterization for studying brain morphology with the Ricci flow method. Two surfaces are conformally equivalent if there exists a bijective angle-preserving map between them. The Teichmuller space for surfaces with the same topology is a finite-dimensional manifold, where each point represents a conformal equivalence class, and the conformal map is homotopic to the identity map. A shape index can be defined based on Teichmuller space coordinates, and this shape index is intrinsic and invariant under scaling, translation, rotation, general isometric deformation, and conformal deformation. Using the Ricci flow method, we can conformally map a surface with a negative Euler number to the Poincare disk and the Teichmuller space coordinates can be computed by geodesic lengths under hyperbolic metric. For lateral ventricular surface registration, we further convert the parameterization to the Klein model where a convex polygon is guaranteed for a multiply connected surface. With the Klein model, diffeomorphisms between lateral ventricular surfaces can be computed with some well known surface registration methods. Compared with prior work, the parameterization does not have any singularities and the intrinsic parameterizations help shape indexing and surface registration. Our preliminary experimental results showed its great promise for analyzing anatomical surface morphology.
A novel algorithm for removing artifacts from EEG data

In recent years, many studies examined if EEG signals from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients can be used for new rehabilitation technologies, such as BCI systems. However, extraction of the high-gamma band related to movement remains challenging due to the presence of surface electromyogram (sEMG) caused by unconscious facial and head movement of patients. In this paper, we proposed a modified independent component analysis (ICA) model for EMG artifact removal in the EEG data from TBI patients with a hemicraniectomy. Here, simulated EMG was generated and added to the raw EEG data as the extra channels for independent components calculation. After running ICA, the independent components (ICs) related to artifacts were identified and rejected automatically through several criteria. EEG data underlying hand movement from one healthy subject and one TBI patient with a hemicraniectomy were conducted to verify the efficacy of this algorithm. Results showed that the proposed algorithm removed sEMG artifacts from the EEG data by up to 86.72% while preserving the associated brain features. In particular, the high-gamma band (80 to 160 Hz) was found to arise principally from the hemicraniectomy area after this technique was applied. Meanwhile, we found that the magnitude of gamma power during movement improved after removal of sEMG artifacts.
Renal cell carcinoma staging: pitfalls, challenges, and updates.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unusual among cancers in that it often grows as a spherical, well-circumscribed mass. Increasing tumour size influences the pathological pT stage category within pT1 and pT2, with cutoffs of 40, 70 and 100 mm; however, with increasing size also comes a sharp increase in the likelihood of renal sinus or renal vein tributary invasion, such that clear cell RCC rarely reaches 70 mm without invading one of these. To clarify some previous challenges in assigning tumour stage, the American Joint Committee on Cancer 2016 tumor-node-metastasis classification has removed the requirements than vein invasion be recognised grossly and that vein walls contain muscle for the diagnosis of vein invasion. Renal pelvis invasion has also been added as an additional route to pT3a. Multinodularity or finger-like extensions from a renal mass should be viewed with great suspicion for the possibility of vein or renal sinus invasion, and, as tumour size increases to over 40-50 mm, thorough sampling of the renal sinus interface should always be undertaken. With increasing interest in adjuvant therapy in renal cancer, the pathologist's role in RCC staging will continue to be an important prognostic parameter and a tool for selection of patients for enrolment in clinical trials.
Multiscale mechanical and tribological characterizations of additively manufactured polyamide 12 parts with different print orientations

Abstract The use of additive manufacturing for prototyping and manufacturing purposes is becoming a crucial topic in both industry and research. Multi Jet Fusion printing technology possesses advantages in fabricating engineering-quality parts, but the dependency of their mechanical characteristics on process parameters is not well understood. In this work, multiscale mechanical analyses were conducted with the goal of investigating the effect of build orientation on Multi Jet Fusion manufactured polyamide 12 samples. Tensile tests of samples printed in two orientations showed that build orientation resulted in different strain and stress behaviors, with vertical samples having 25% smaller fracture strains, but slightly higher (5.8%) fracture stresses than horizontal samples. Nanoindentation showed vertical samples with reduced elastic modulus (Er) values double that of horizontal, and with hardness values nearly 30% larger. Nanoscratch tests showed that vertical samples had an almost 50% increase in lateral forces. Experimental and numerical creep analyses demonstrated higher creep resistance of vertical samples as compared to the horizontal specimens. Additionally, macroscale friction measurements showed that the friction coefficient of horizontal samples was independent of the direction of sliding while coefficient of friction for vertical samples showed a 60% drop when sliding directions were varied. These results point to a dependence on print orientation in the resulting mechanical and tribological properties.
Educational, Diagnostic, and Supportive Psychosocial Interventions for Latinos with Dementia

This chapter describes Latinos’* unique experiences of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) that pose particular challenges for the provision of relevant and accessible psychosocial interventions. It presents specific examples of educational, diagnostic, and supportive psychosocial interventions for Latinos with ADRD and their caregivers. It concludes with a discussion of future directions in the development of psychosocial interventions that target both persons with ADRD and their caregivers.
The value of asymmetry: how polarity proteins determine plant growth and morphology.

Cell polarity is indispensable for forming complex multicellular organisms. Proteins that polarize at specific plasma membrane domains can either serve as scaffolds for effectors or coordinate intercellular communication and transport. Here I give an overview of polarity protein complexes and their fundamental importance for plant development and summarize novel mechanistic insights into their molecular networks. Examples are presented for proteins that polarize at specific plasma membrane domains to orient cell division planes, alter cell fate progression, control transport, direct cell growth, read global polarity axes or integrate external stimuli into plant growth. The recent advances in characterizing protein polarity during plant development discussed here enable a better understanding of coordinated plant growth and open up intriguing paths that could provide a means to modulate plant morphology and adaptability in the future.
State of the art: approved and emerging JAK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory arthritis in adults. In the past decade, many treatments have emerged to expand the therapeutic armamentarium of rheumatologists...
Promoting Tobacco Use Among Students: The U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company College Marketing Program.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS From the 1970s-1990s the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company (USST) conducted aggressive campaigns to solicit college students to buy their smokeless tobacco (ST) products. The scope, scale, methods, and impact of this youth marketing campaign have yet to be analyzed in the academic literature. STUDY DESIGN Historical research study. METHODS Internal industry documents describing the USST campaigns were obtained via the University of California, San Francisco's repository of tobacco company records. Marketing materials were obtained from Stanford University's Research Into the Impact of Tobacco Advertising (SRITA) collection of 657 USST advertisements. RESULTS USST's College Marketing Program (1978-mid 1980s) sponsored events in some 350 campuses and hired student representatives in at least 175 colleges and universities across America. College representatives were trained to provide free samples to fellow students. Over a typical school year approximately a quarter million Happy Days, Skoal, and Skoal Bandits samples were handed out to undergraduates. USST paid their student representatives well and offered them a variety of incentives based upon sales growth. During the 1990s, USST's Skoal Music program engaged students on campuses and at "spring break" venues such as Daytona Beach. CONCLUSIONS Targeting of college students on campus was a common tobacco industry practice between the 1940s and early 1960s. From the 1970s through 1990s USST resurrected the method and pursued it with vigor including: distribution of free samples; sponsored events and concerts, branded intramural teams; visits by sports celebrities; logo wearables and merchandise; contests and incentives; and displays and promotions in stores on and surrounding campuses. Laryngoscope, 131:E1860-E1872, 2021.