cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psych Lite: Great Price, Less Filling

Introductory psychology textbooks have been criticized for being too long and too expensive. A national survey of introductory teachers found that 89% of introductory courses are only one term in l...
Control of complex bio-molecular systems

Summary form only given. Nature has evolved extremely intelligent and complex adaptive systems. For instance, a cell fuses genetic processes with nanoscale sensors and actuators to result in one of the most efficient and autonomous molecular factories. These systems operate by integrating multiple levels of system architecture. Sensing, information processing, as well as cellular action are all fused at the local level. At each level of the system architecture, higher-order functionalities or emergent properties are often derived. These complexities cannot be simply extrapolated from its individual components and are far beyond our full understanding. This leads us towards cell mimetic approaches requiring fusion of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and informatics, for controlling and interrogating these complex biological systems. We have demonstrated that properly designed time-varying stimulations can self-organize and adjust the functionalities across multiple length scales to efficiently reach the desired control state. This may yield new insight into unlocking and acquiring novel control modalities of the underlying mechanisms that drive the natural processes of life
A Girl with Goiter and Inappropriate Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Secretion

A 15-year-old white girl presented with neck tenderness. On examination, a nodule was palpated in the right thyroid lobe. The neck was supple without abnormal lymphadenopathy. Eye findings related to Graves orbitopathy were absent. Weight, height, and blood pressure were unremarkable, but the heart rate was high at 104–114 bpm. The patient had a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and was taking atomoxetine and fluoxetine. There was no history of childhood neck irradiation or family history of thyroid cancer. Several maternal relatives have acquired thyroid dysfunction. Sonography showed a 2-cm nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Fine-needle aspiration showed benign cytology, but the family requested right thyroid lobectomy for persistent neck tenderness. Preoperative laboratory data revealed a total thyroxine (T4)1 concentration of 170 nmol/L \[reference interval (RI) 67–138 nmol/L\] (13.2 μg/dL, RI 5.2–10.7), total triiodothyronine (T3) concentration of 3.2 nmol/L (RI 1.3–2.4 nmol/L) (206 ng/dL, RI 86–153), a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration of 0.5 mIU/L (RI 0.3–5.0 mIU/L), and a thyroid hormone binding ratio (1/T-uptake) of 1.72 (RI 0.77–1.16) (Table 1⇓ ). Analyses were conducted by chemiluminescent immunoassay on the Roche Elecsys 2010 platform. Free T3 and free T4 indices as calculated by the clinicians were 5.5 nmol/L (RI 1.3–2.4 nmol/L) and 292 nmol/L (RI 67–138 nmol/L), respectively, and, in the context of the patient’s normal TSH concentration, suggested the possibility of inappropriate TSH secretion due to resistance to thyroid hormone or a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Analyses for serum free T4 measured by direct dialysis and RIA were conducted at Mayo Medical Laboratories and revealed a normal free T4 of 16.8 pmol/L (RI 10.3–25.8 pmol/L) (1.3 ng/dL, RI 1–2 ng/dL). Although certain of the patient’s features, including her tachycardia (1)(2), were consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate TSH …
Improving Word Similarity by Augmenting PMI with Estimates of Word Polysemy

Pointwise mutual information (PMI) is a widely used word similarity measure, but it lacks a clear explanation of how it works. We explore how PMI differs from distributional similarity, and we introduce a novel metric, PMImax, that augments PMI with information about a word's number of senses. The coefficients of PMImax are determined empirically by maximizing a utility function based on the performance of automatic thesaurus generation. We show that it outperforms traditional PMI in the application of automatic thesaurus generation and in two word similarity benchmark tasks: human similarity ratings and TOEFL synonym questions. PMImax achieves a correlation coefficient comparable to the best knowledge-based approaches on the Miller-Charles similarity rating data set.
Trichinella Infection in Travelers

To define the incidence of trichinosis associated with foreign travel and characterize the epidemiologic and clinical features of cases acquired abroad, all case report forms submitted to the Centers for Disease Control through state health departments and the National Morbidity Reporting System from 1975 to 1989 were reviewed. Twenty-six cases of travel-associated trichinosis were identified during that period. Most reported cases (73%) occurred between 1982 and 1987. Affected patients were more likely to have traveled to Mexico and Asian countries (65%). Reported high-risk behaviors included consumption of undercooked pork products, use of unsanitary cooking practices, and importation of potentially contaminated meat products into the United States. Trichinosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia in travelers returning from abroad. Pretravel counseling that includes information concerning the risk of eating improperly prepared meat products may help future travelers minimize the risk of acquiring this illness.
Online Motion Capture Marker Labeling for Multiple Interacting Articulated Targets

In this paper, we propose an online motion capture marker labeling approach for multiple interacting articulated targets. Given hundreds of unlabeled motion capture markers from multiple articulated targets that are interacting each other, our approach automatically labels these markers frame by frame, by fitting rigid bodies and exploiting trained structure and motion models. Advantages of our approach include: 1) our method is an online algorithm, which requires no user interaction once the algorithm starts. 2) Our method is more robust than traditional the closest point-based approaches by automatically imposing the structure and motion models. 3) Due to the use of the structure model which encodes the rigidity of each articulated body of captured targets, our method can recover missing markers robustly. Our approach is efficient and particularly suited for online computer animation and video game applications.
Effects of end boundary conditions and specimen geometry on the viscoelastic properties of cancellous bone measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

The viscoelastic properties of cancellous bone can be measured nondestructively in compression testing using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. In this study, we examined the effects of end boundary conditions and specimen geometry on the viscoelastic properties of cancellous bone measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. During dynamic compression testing, the cancellous bone specimens may be mechanically fixed (e.g., glued) to the loading platens or they may be free to expand across the platen surface. When specimens of cancellous bone were tested between platens with gluing, the dependence of loss tangent on frequency was not consistent with previously observed strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of cancellous bone. When long specimens of cancellous bone (length = 10 mm, diameter = 8 mm) were tested without gluing, the relationship between loss tangent and frequency depended on the level of load applied. For short specimens (length = 5 mm, diameter = 8 mm) tested without gluing, however, the frequency dependence of loss tangent agreed with existing data reported for the strain-rate-dependent behavior of cancellous bone and also with the frequency dependence of cortical bone viscoelasticity. Therefore, we recommend that short cancellous bone cylinders with a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 8 mm should be used without gluing in the dynamic mechanical analysis of cancellous bone. This is consistent with the American Society for Testing and Materials testing recommendations for plastics, but different from current practice for unimodal mechanical testing of cancellous bone.
Predicting post-treatment-initiation alcohol use among patients with severe mental illness and alcohol use disorders.

Few studies examining alcohol abuse among individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI) have examined predictors of post-treatment alcohol outcomes. The present study uses a multivariate approach based on a theoretical model to study the relationship between psychosocial factors and post treatment-initiation alcohol use. Predictors of alcohol use outcomes were examined in 278 individuals diagnosed with a current DSM-IV schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder and an alcohol use disorder (AUD). At 6-months follow-up after initiating treatment, 144 of 228 available participants (63%) had good clinical outcomes. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that type of pretreatment residential setting was directly related to treatment with participants living in supervised settings (41%) reporting significantly more days of treatment (β = .34, p < .001). In addition, participants with more psychiatric symptoms, assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory and Structured Clinical Interview for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, reported significantly fewer treatment days (β = −.20, p < .001). Number of days participants attended treatment was indirectly associated with alcohol use outcomes and was mediated by use of alcohol coping skills, such that more frequent use of alcohol-specific coping skills was associated with less post treatment-initiation alcohol use (β = −.34, p < .001). This study emphasizes the favorable prognosis for alcohol outcomes among treated individuals with a SMI and AUD and the importance of psychosocial interventions, particularly those that result in better alcohol-specific coping skills.
Must a Process Be in Statistical Control before Conducting Designed Experiments

Fisher demonstrated three quarters of a century ago that the three key concepts of randomization, blocking, and replication make it possible to conduct experiments on processes that are not necessarily in a state of statistical control. However, even today there persists confusion about whether statistical control is a necessary prerequisite for conducting valid experiments in industry. In this article we revisit and extend Fisher's original argument. Reusing his 1925 examples, we demonstrate that the need for statistical control as a prerequisite for conducting industrial experiments is misconceived. Clarifying this issue may help quality practitioners identify new and wider opportunities for the use of designed experiments in industrial practice.
A 4.4uW wake-up receiver using ultrasound data communications

We demonstrate free-space ultrasound data communications for ultra-low power wireless wake-up in sensor networks. Using ultrasound carriers allows for an order-of-magnitude power reduction over RF based solutions. The 65nm CMOS 0.6V receiver prototype achieves a BER of better than 10−3 over 8.6m for a 0.25kb/s free-space link in a typical indoor environment while dissipating only 4.4uW and requiring only −18dBm transmit signal power.
An approach to entropy consistency in second-order hydrodynamic equations

As the flow becomes rarefied it has been seen that predictions of continuum formulations, such as the Navier–Stokes equations, become inaccurate. These inaccuracies stem from the linear approximations to the stress and heat flux in the viscous flux terms in the Navier–Stokes equations. Hence, it has long been conjectured that the inclusion of higher-order terms in the constitutive relations for the stress and heat flux may improve the predictive capabilities of such continuum formulations. Following this approach, second-order systems of hydrodynamic equations, such as the Burnett and Woods equations, were applied to the shock structure problem. While it was observed that these equations afforded a better description of the shock structure on coarse grids, they were prone to small wavelength instabilities when the grids were refined. The cause of this instability was subsequently traced to the fact that these equations can potentially violate the second law of thermodynamics when the local Knudsen number exceeds a critical limit. This leads to the fundamental question: is entropy consistency achievable in a system of second-order hydrodynamic equations? To answer this question, a novel set of equations, known as the BGK-Burnett equations, is constructed by taking moments of the Boltzmann equation for the second-order distribution function.The formulation of second-order hydrodynamic equations by moment methods is beset by three hurdles: (i) the highly nonlinear collision integral in the Boltzmann equation needs to be evaluated, (ii) the second-order distribution function does not satisfy the moment closure criterion and (iii) identification of the approximations to the material derivatives in the second-order distribution function that will correctly account for the difference in time scales between the first- and second-order fluxes. The first three terms of the Chapman–Enskog expansion, that defines the second-order distribution function, and the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model of the collision integral, form the basis of the BGK-Burnett equations. The entropy-consistent behaviour of the equations depend on the moment closure coefficients and the approximations to the material derivatives in the second-order fluxes. The requirement of moment closure alone, however, results in non-unique closure coefficients and a family of BGK-Burnett equations, from which an entropy-consistent set must be identified. From this family, two sets of BGK-Burnett equations have been considered, and this paper presents the details of the formulation of these two sets of equations, the identification of entropy-consistent approximations to the material derivatives by a novel entropy consistent relaxation technique, and shock structure computations in a monatomic hard sphere gas for a range of Mach numbers.
Correlation of the function of a training system and a myoelectric prosthesis

After amputation, some amputees have trouble isolating the muscles in the residual limb that control myoelectric prosthesis and producing strong enough myoelectric signals to actually cause the prosthesis to work. The goal of this project is to correlate the function of a prototype prosthetic training and assessment system to the function of a myoelectric prosthesis. Once this task is performed, the system will be able to be used clinically to train those who cannot produce strong enough myoelectric signals to ultimately use a myoelectric prosthesis. To complete this goal, the myoelectric signals that are used to control a prosthesis will be correlated with the myoelectric signals that are used to control the prosthetic training system. Once this is complete, the prototype will be made more clinically friendly by reducing hardware components for use in Shriners Hospitals for Children in Springfield, Massachusetts. Used clinically, this system will be able to train amputee patients who are not able to use a prosthesis. Also this system will be used to improve the ability of some patients to use a prosthesis.
A Further (Itakura-Saito/beta=0) Bi-stochaticization and Associated Clustering/Regionalization of the 3,107-County 1995-2000 U. S. Migration Network.

We extend to the beta-divergence (Itakura-Saito) case beta =0, the comparative bi-stochaticization analyses-previously conducted (arXiv:1208.3428) for the (Kullback-Leibler) beta=1 and (squared-Euclidean) beta = 2 cases -of the 3,107 - county 1995-2000 U. S. migration network. A heuristic, "greedy" algorithm is devised. While the largest 25,329 entries of the 735,531 non-zero entries of the bi-stochasticized table - in the beta=1 case - are required to complete the widely-applied two-stage (double-standardization and strong-component hierarchical clustering) procedure, 105,363 of the 735,531 are needed (reflective of greater uniformity of entries) in the beta=0 instance. The North Carolina counties of Mecklenburg (Charlotte) and Wake (Raleigh) are considerably relatively more cosmopolitan in the beta=0 study. The Colorado county of El Paso (Colorado Springs) replaces the Florida Atlantic county of Brevard (the "Space Coast") as the most cosmopolitan, with Brevard becoming the second-most. Honolulu County splinters away from the other four (still-grouped) Hawaiian counties, becoming the fifth most cosmopolitan county nation-wide. The five counties of Rhode Island remain intact as a regional entity, but the eight counties of Connecticut fragment, leaving only five counties clustered.
Genomic binding and regulation of gene expression by the thyroid carcinoma-associated PAX8-PPARG fusion protein

A chromosomal translocation results in production of an oncogenic PAX8-PPARG fusion protein (PPFP) in thyroid carcinomas. PAX8 is a thyroid transcription factor, and PPARG is a transcription factor that plays important roles in adipocytes and macrophages. PPFP retains the DNA binding domains of both proteins; however, the genomic binding sites of PPFP have not been identified, and only limited data exist to characterize gene expression in PPFP thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, the oncogenic function of PPFP is poorly understood. We expressed PPFP in PCCL3 rat thyroid cells and used ChIP-seq to identify PPFP genomic binding sites (PPFP peaks) and RNA-seq to characterize PPFP-dependent gene expression. PPFP peaks (~20,000) include known PAX8 and PPARG binding sites and are enriched with both motifs, indicating that both DNA binding domains are functional. PPFP binds to and regulates many genes involved in cancer-related processes. In PCCL3 thyroid cells, PPFP binds to adipocyte PPARG target genes in preference to macrophage PPARG target genes, consistent with the pro-adipogenic nature of PPFP and its ligand pioglitazone in thyroid cells. PPFP induces oxidative stress in thyroid cells, and pioglitazone increases susceptibility to further oxidative stress. Our data highlight the complexity of PPFP as a transcription factor and the numerous ways that it regulates thyroid oncogenesis.
An efficient scheme for congestion control in broadband ISDNs

The technique presented belongs to the category of preventive congestion avoidance techniques. To minimize the overhead, a separate threshold for different types of services is not maintained. An incoming call is accepted if its resource requirement is not more-than X percentage of the remaining resources at any of the points along the route of this call. The resource requirements include the bandwidth and buffer requirements. Therefore, if a call is to use more than X percentage of the available resources, the call is blocked. Otherwise, the call is accepted. This scheme is very simple and effective. Simulation results are presented in terms of call blocking probabilities for several different cases. >
Scarification Technique Affects Germination of Stylisma pickeringii (Patterson bindweed), an Illinois Endangered Plant

Abstract The seed coat of Stylisma pickeringii (Torr.) Gray var. pattersoni (Patterson bindweed), an endangered species of Illinois sand prairies, inhibits water uptake and seed germination. The purpose of this research was to find an effective and efficient way to scarify seeds of S. pickeringii to aid reintroduction into its natural habitat. Seeds were collected from sandy areas close to the Illinois River near Snicarte (Mason Co.), Illinois during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Experiments were conducted to determine the best scarification techniques (basal cut, sandpaper shakes, sulfuric acid, sand shakes and sonication). Initially, each technique was evaluated by scarifying the seeds for different times (except for the basal cut). The optimal time for each scarification technique then was compared. Scarified seeds were germinated in petri dishes at 25 C, 16 h photoperiod, with a mean light intensity of 51 μ mol m−2s−1. The basal cut, 48 h sandpaper shake, 120 min acid soak and 72 h sand shake techniqu...
Images in vascular medicine Splenic artery aneurysm

A 69-year-old white male, with a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, presented with a complaint of left, lower quadrant, abdominal pain that radiated to the back, which he had suffered for 2 weeks. The discomfort was most prominent in the seated position and improved with standing or lying down. An abdominal CT scan revealed a 4-cm diameter splenic artery aneurysm (Panel A; arrow). A subsequent angiogram con rmed the presence of a fusiform splenic artery aneurysm measuring 4 cm at its greatest diameter and beginning just distal to the splenic artery origin at the celiac axis (left arrow) and extending to the level of the splenic hilum (right arrow) (Panel B). The patient underwent successful operative obliteration of the aneurysm and splenectomy, since the aneurysm extended into the splenic hilum. Splenic artery aneurysm is rare, with an incidence ranging from 1.6% in an unselected autopsy population to 7.1% in autopsies performed on patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. However, splenic artery aneurysm is the the most common aneurysm of the visceral arteries, with an average size of 2.10 cm but rarely exceeding 3 cm. Two factors contributing to its formation are weakness of the arterial wall and a concomitant rise in blood pressure. The arterial wall is sensitive to the hormonal effects and hemodynamic stresses of pregnancy, especially in multiparous women and those with pre-existing  bromuscular dysplasia. Atherosclerosis may occur and is thought to be a Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division and Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Autonomous Decentralized Test System to enhance ATS's survival probability and online maintainability

with the development of high technologies, the structure and capability of ATS has been greatly improved, such as footprint, compatibility, and cost and test efficiency. However, the survival ability of ATS is always slighted by researchers. In order to improve the survival ability of ATS, adopting the idea of autonomous decentralized systems, this paper designs the Autonomous Decentralized Test System (ADTS), which is aiming at enhancing ATS's survival probability and online maintainability. The new requirements of online specialties for ADTS are advised including online expansibility, online fault-tolerance and online maintenance. Firstly, with the consideration of requirements thoroughly, a model called double circle Autonomous Decentralized Test System was put forward, which is analyzed form three aspects: functional analysis, online characteristics analysis and autonomous ability analysis. After a demonstration, the model is proved that it has autonomous controllability, autonomous correspondences and invulnerability in structure. Secondly, ADTS test information standardization methods were studied. An approach that using automatic markup language technology to solve ATSs' test information standardization problems was promoted. Thirdly, ADTS's semantic characteristics is analyzed, then divided its data type into notification data and control data; the autonomous decentralized test protocol based on quality of service is brought forward then undergo a process of performance assessment. Fourthly, ADTS resource configure optimum method is put forward, the concept named “common test core” is invented, and the method for consisting Autonomous Decentralized Test System based on common test core was given. ADTS extends its value; which can improve ATS's survivorship and maintainability. The method is also useful for solving test information standardization and ATS compatible problems.
The Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Immune Pathways and their Effect on Cutaneous Melanoma Prognosis.

Purpose: The identification of personalized germline markers with biologic relevance for the prediction of cutaneous melanoma prognosis is highly demanded but to date, it has been largely unsuccessful. As melanoma progression is controlled by host immunity, here we present a novel approach interrogating immunoregulatory pathways using the genome-wide maps of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to reveal biologically relevant germline variants modulating cutaneous melanoma outcomes. Experimental Design: Using whole genome eQTL data from a healthy population, we identified 385 variants significantly impacting the expression of 268 immune-relevant genes. The 40 most significant eQTLs were tested in a prospective cohort of 1,221 patients with cutaneous melanoma for their association with overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival using Cox regression models. Results: We identified highly significant associations with better melanoma OS for rs6673928, impacting IL19 expression (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.77; P = 0.0002) and rs6695772, controlling the expression of BATF3 (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19–2.24; P = 0.0019). Both associations map in the previously suspected melanoma prognostic locus at 1q32. Furthermore, we show that their combined effect on melanoma OS is substantially enhanced reaching the level of clinical applicability (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.43–2.60; P = 2.38e-5). Conclusions: Our unique approach of interrogating lymphocyte-specific eQTLs reveals novel and biologically relevant immunomodulatory eQTL predictors of cutaneous melanoma prognosis that are independent of current histopathologic markers. The significantly enhanced combined effect of identified eQTLs suggests the personalized utilization of both SNPs in a clinical setting, strongly indicating the promise of the proposed design for the discovery of prognostic or risk germline markers in other cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3268–80. ©2016 AACR .
Antenatal HIV Screening and Treatment In South Africa: Social Norms and Policy Options

South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the world, with mother-to-child transmission being an important route for spread of the infection. For years, AIDS scientists and activists locally and internationally have been working desperately for the people of South Africa to have access to treatment for HIV and AIDS. Policymakers in South Africa have consistently maintained that HIV infection is not responsible for AIDS, thus creating the biggest obstacle to implementation of appropriate prevention and therapeutic programmes, including antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive persons. Only recently, people within the government and ruling party, defying previous policy, have agreed that antiretroviral drugs should be given to pregnant women with HIV. The social fabric of South African society is markedly different from that of Western countries. In this paper, the author analyses the likely implications of antenatal testing and treatment of pregnant women in South Africa, in light of the socio-economic and cultural status of women in that society. (Afr J Reprod Health 2004; 8[2]: 77-85 ) KEY WORDS: HIV screening, South Africa, pregnant women Depistage et traitement prenatals du VIH en Afrique du Sud: normes sociales et options des politiques. L\'Afrique du Sud a une des plus hautes prevalences du VIH et SIDA du monde, dont la transmission de la mere a l\'enfant est une voie importante pour la propagation de l\'infection. Depuis des annees, les scientifiques et des activistes du SIDA sur le plan local et international, travaillent desesperemment pour que les gens d\'Afrique du Sud aient un acces au traitement pour le VIH et le SIDA. Les decisionnaires en Afrique du Sud ont systematiquement insiste sur le fait que l\'infection du VIH n\'est pas responsable du SIDA, creant ainsi le plus grand obstacle a la realisation de la prevention appropriee et des programmes therapeutiques, y compris la therapie antiretrovirale pour les personnes seropositives. Tres recemment, les fonctionnaires et les membres du parti politique au pouvoir, au mepris de l\'ancienne politique, ont accepte que les medicaments antiretroviraux soient donnes aux femmes enceintes seropositives. Le tissu social de la societe sud africaine est remarquablement different de celui des pays occidentaux. Dans cet article, l\'auteur fait une analyse des implications probables du depistage et traitement prenatals des femmes enceintes en Afrique du Sud, a la lumiere de la situation socio-economique et culturelle des femmes dans cette societe-la. (Rev Afr Sante Reprod 2004; 8[2]: 77-85)
Determination of mammalian deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in commercial vegetarian and vegan diets for dogs and cats.

The determination of undeclared ingredients in pet food using different analytical methods has been reported in recent years, raising concerns regarding adequate quality control, dietary efficacy and the potential for purposeful adulteration. The objective of this study was to determine the presence or absence of mammalian DNA using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on diets marketed as vegetarian or vegan for dogs and cats. The diets were tested in duplicate; two samples were purchased approximately 3 to 4 months apart with different lot numbers. Multiplex PCR-targeted mitochondrial DNA with two species-specific primers was used to amplify and sequence two sections of the cytochrome b gene for each of the 11 mammalian species. Half of the diets assessed (7/14) were positive for one or more undeclared mammalian DNA source (bovine, porcine, or ovine), and the result was repeatable for one or more species in six diets. While most of the detected DNA was found at both time points, in some cases, the result was positive only at one time point, suggesting the presence may have been due to unintentional cross-contact with animal-sourced ingredients. DNA from feline, cervine, canine, caprine, equine, murine (mouse and rat) and leporine was not identified in any samples. However, evidence of mammalian DNA does not confirm adulteration by the manufacturer nor elucidate its clinical significance when consumed by animals that may benefit from a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Stimulation of Macromolecular Synethesis in Guinea Pig Cells by Human CMV

SummaryNonproductive human CMV infection of G.P. embryo cells induced cellular RNA and DNA synthesis.RNA species synthesized in abortively infected G.P. cells included ribosomal 28S, 18S, and 4S transfer RNA. Virus inactivated with heat and UV light failed to induce cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. Evidence for increased DNA and RNA synthesis in infected cells was provided by studies of: (a) incorporation of thymidine and uridine, (b) extraction and separation of cellular DNA and RNA on sedimentation gradients, (c) autoradiography, and (d) measurement of mitotic index.
Death Anxiety among the Elderly

On the Death Anxiety Scale 31 blacks scored higher than 31 whites; but black and white males scored similarly. Females scored higher than men. No good explanations were noted.
The Baseline Investigation In Health Education And Health Promotion Program Of Diabetes Patients In Urban Community Settings Of Anhui Province

Objective To learn the status of the related knowledge and the self-management among diabetes patients in urban communities of Anhui province,and provide evidence for the health education.Methods Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted in 365 diabetic patients who were selected by cluster sampling.Results The levels of blood pressure(BP,134.62±15.03/82.65±9.09mmHg),waist/hip ratio(WHR,men:0.92±0.53,women:0.86±0.10),glycosylated hemoglobin A(HbAlc,7.68±1.36),fasting plasma glucose(FPG,7.92±3.78 mol/L),postprandial plasma glucose(PPG,11.61±3.88 mol/L) and so on were higher than the normal level except body mass index(BMI,23.65±3.82 kg/m2).The basic knowledge rate of diabetes was 63.6%,the knowledge rate about insulin was only 19.0%.80.7% Patients had a better drug compliance,and only 6.0% had better behaviours in blood sugar monitoring.The higher the accurate rate of diabetes-related knowledge,the better the behaviours were.The total score of objects in the attitude of self-management,self-efficacy,social support was 45 points,and the average scores of them were 27.75±6.38,35.30±4.70,and 30.91±7.45 respectively,and there were significant differences in beliefs among objects with different behaviours(P0.001).Conclusion Glycemic controling of objects was poor,and the related indicators were higher than the normal control value,the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge was lower,especially the knowledge about insulin,and the behaviours were relatively poor in blood sugar monitoring.So health education of diabetes patients in urban community settings should be enhanced to improve the level of their self-management.
Renormalization of aCP-Invariant Theory

With reference to the ANπ system, it is confirmed that the well-known Feynman rules may still be applied for computation, providing additional subtractions are performed on the parity-breaking contributions to the fermion propagator and vertex function.
Economic Integration Via External Markets and Factors

In a previous paper, I compared the definitions and concepts of economic integration of Tinbergen, Balassa and Myrdal [1]. To Tinbergen, integration meant free trade, to Balassa, the absence of governmental discrimination, to Myrdal, factor-price equalisation.1 There is something to be said for each definition, and something against it. Free trade provides factor-price equalisation, of course, under certain assumptions regarding competition, absence of transport costs, numbers of goods and factors, etc. In the real world these conditions are seldom met, and freedom to trade cannot provide integration between two countries which are so distant from one another that they barely trade at all. The absence of governmental discrimination subsumes free trade, but goes beyond it to permit factor movements. With free trade under certain limited assumptions, or with free movement of all factors, or some combination of the two, factor-price equalisation could be achieved, and the Balassa definition would be covered by the Myrdal. But it need not be. If governments do not discriminate against factors by nationality, the factors may themselves do so.
Coping with Potential Missing Alleles

Abstract This chapter will address approaches to handling alleles that have dropped out and therefore are unable to be detected. Is it appropriate to include or exclude a suspect as a potential contributor to a DNA mixture when there is not a complete correspondence of genotypes between the Q and K profiles? False exclusions, which may permit the guilty to go free, can have a negative impact on the justice system, just as false inclusions can when an innocent person is inappropriately associated with a crime sample.
Technology Use in an Online MBA Program

Compared to courses delivered in face-to-face setting, courses that were delivered entirely online rely more on technology (Bonk, 2001; Firdyiwek, 1999; Moore, 2003). Technology, especially the Internet, provides a common virtual space for students and instructors who are physically separated; it is widely acknowledged as an essential component of teaching and learning environments in online setting.
Signs of Change? At-Home and Breadwinner Parents’ Housework and Child-Care Time

We analyze American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data to examine patterns in domestic work among at-home and breadwinner parents to further gauge how time availability, relative earnings, and gender shape time use in couples with extreme differences in earnings and work hours. We find that involvement in female-typed housework is an important driver of overall housework time. It is counter-normative housework behavior by at-home fathers that shapes conclusions about how time availability, relative resources, and gender influence parents' housework. While time availability appears to shape child care in comparable ways across parents, mothers are more engaged in child care than similarly-situated fathers. Overall, our comparisons point to the importance of distinguishing among gender-normative housework tasks and accounting for differences in engagement on work and non-work days. Our results also provide a basis for assessing the social significance of growing numbers of parents in work-family roles that are not gender-normative.
Towards patient flow optimization in emergency departments using genetic algorithms

This study aims to optimize patient flow in emergency departments (ED) while minimizing associated costs. In order to compare the effects of the optimization, a simulation model for emergency departments has been implemented using District Event Simulation (DES) and queuing theory, while for the optimization, Genetic Algorithm is used to find the best arrangements. Principally, a discrete event based, multi-class, multi-server queuing network is designed considering the emergency department as a set of stages each associated with a queue of patients waiting to be served. Each stage has multiple service providers such as Nurses, Doctors or other staff. We also classified patients passing through the stages according to their acuity level and personal characteristics. Then, a function is defined to measure the ED performance in respect to the calculated wait times and the cost. Finally, a customized genetic algorithm was developed to discover the best performance which reflects the best allocation of service providers to the different stages of the emergency department.
Reply to 'Risk of malignancies associated with ustekinumab'.

For, “Malignancies and ustekinumab: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Pharmacovigilance database” [1], Greenspan et al. [2] raise the issue about adding to the understanding of the drug safety profile, underscoring the need for robust evidence in determination of incidence rate and true risk. In response to this important issue, it must be emphasized to the reader that the approach to pharmacovigilance that we have utilized in this instance is not designed to address causality and/or risk quantification, but rather this widely accepted approach focuses on detection of safety signal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Prolific triploid production in intersectional crosses of 4x Vaccinium corymbodendron Dunal (section Pyxothamnus) by 2x section Cyanococcus species

Vaccinium corymbodendron (section Pyxothamnus) is a tetraploid species native to high-altitude locations in Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela, and is of considerable interest because it flowers at times when nighttime temperatures drop below freezing. It also is notable for its profuse, concentrated flowering, and monopodial plant structure both of which may be useful in breeding for mechanical harvest. Initial hybridization experiments of 4x V. corymbodendron with a range of 2x species from section Cyanococcus found all hybrids were triploids. 4x × 2x crosses in conventional Vaccinium germplasm typically result in an almost absolute block of triploid offspring. The triploids expressed very low fertility as both males and females, nonetheless, several were used successfully in crosses. A single hybrid from 4x V. corymbodendron × 2x V. vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry, section Vitis-idaea) was unexpectedly found to be tetraploid and was highly fertile. These crossing results suggest V. corymbodendron either possesses no ploidy barriers to hybridization, or possesses genomic dosage factors that differ from section Cyanococcus species. Understanding these crossing relationships may open new avenues for exploitation of this germplasm and other tertiary gene pool germplasm.
A Daily Diary Study of Drinking and Nondrinking Days in Nonstudent Alcohol Users.

BACKGROUND Emerging adults with lower educational attainment are at higher long-term risk for problematic drinking and alcohol use disorders. Efforts to gain a more in-depth understanding of the drinking habits of nonstudent emerging adults are critical to reduce disparities and to shed light on targets of intervention for this vulnerable group. OBJECTIVES The current investigation aimed to: (1) provide a description of the daily drinking habits of nonstudent emerging adult drinkers using a 14-day diary method, and (2) examine nondrinking days by assessing their reasons for not drinking as well as strategies used to avoid drinking. METHODS Participants were 27 (55.5% women) emerging adult drinkers recruited from the community. RESULTS On drinking days, multilevel results indicated that heavier alcohol use was positively associated with level of subjective intoxication and alcohol-related problems. Men reported higher alcohol use outcomes than women across all alcohol use indicators. Regarding nonconsumptive days, the most frequently endorsed reasons for not drinking largely reflected an internal motivation, while the least endorsed reasons were related to external constraints. Pertaining to strategies used to avoid drinking, the most frequently endorsed response related to choosing alternative enjoyable activities. Diary compliance with the 14-day protocol was 90.9% for at least one daily survey. Conclusion/Importance: The present investigation represents one of the first to examine drinking behaviors using a daily diary approach with nonstudent emerging adult drinkers. Study findings filled an important gap regarding our understanding of the context of drinking of an at-risk and understudied group of drinkers.
The Roots of a Hybrid: The Impact of Adoption Conditions on Organizational Hybridity

As organizational hybridity has proliferated across a growing number of sectors, the topic has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars. Researchers have largely been interested in the tensions that hybrid organizations face, especially how organizational leaders might manage these tensions. Yet, little attention has been paid to how organizations become hybrid in the first place. This is problematic because hybridization processes are likely to determine what tensions arise and if and how leaders might respond to those tensions. In particular, I consider how variation in when and why an organization becomes hybrid is likely to shape organizational leaders’ understanding of the hybridity, the extent to which organizational members are likely to identify with each aspect of the hybridity, and leaders’ ability to manage those identifications. I suggest that these factors determine the nature and extent of associated intra-organizational conflict. Further, although scholars have suggested that hybrid...
T3/T7 DNA Packaging

During formation of a mature bacteriophage particle, a procapsid of protein packages the linear double-stranded DNA genome of the related bacteriophages, T3 and T7. Initiation of T3/T7 DNA packaging in vivo occurs near the genetic right end of a concatemer-associated genome. Initiation in vivo requires transcription near the initiation site and results in the formation of the genome’s right end by cleavage of the concatemer. The initiation is co-operative among capsids that are packaging the genomes of a single concatemer, based on observations of single in vitro DNA packaging events. An ATP fueled DNA packaging motor then drives the mature DNA genome into a capsid. Genetic analysis of a T3 DNA packaging ATPase reveals a capsid-binding site and also ATP binding sites that appear to be part of the DNA packaging motor. The packaged T7 DNA molecule is wound in concentric coils around an internal protein cylinder. The cylinder has a strong component of 8-fold rotational symmetry and is mounted on a 12-fold symmetric connector that sits on a 5-fold vertex of the procapsid. The DNA molecule enters the capsid through an axial hole in the cylinder-connector. The procapsid has recently been isolated in an altered state. In vitro T3 DNA packaging has been achieved in a purified system that has been used to define the following interaction among components: connector-large accessory protein (ATPase)-small accessory protein-DNA. Procedures are being developed for analysis of the cycle of the T3/T7 DNA packaging motor at the level of a single motor.
Intravenous ketorolac and subarachnoid opioid analgesia in the management of acute postoperative pain.

Background and Objectives. Ketorolac is a parenteral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that provides analgesia through a peripheral mechanism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the scheduled administration of intravenous ketorolac improves the analgesia provided by subarachnoid opioids after surgery. Methods. Patients undergoing major urologic surgery were enrolled in a randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blinded study and received one of two analgesic regimens. All patients were given subarachnoid opioid analgesia consisting of morphine (range, 0.55-0.8 mg) plus fentanyl (25 μg) at the completion of surgery just prior to awakening. In addition to subarachnoid opioids, patients received four doses of either intravenous placebo (group 1, n = 21) or ketorolac (group 2, n = 17) administered 30 minutes before the anticipated completion of surgery and at 6, 12, and 18 hours after surgery. Patients in group 2 who were 65 years old or older received 30 mg ketorolac initially, with subsequent doses of 15 mg. Those younger than 65 years of age received 60 mg ketorolac initially, with subsequent doses of 30 mg. Pain scores were assessed by a blinded observer using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 8, and 24 hours after the operation. Intravenous morphine requirements while in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and during the following 24 hours, as well as the incidence of pruritus, nausea, naloxone usage, and bleeding were also recorded. Results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum, Fischer9s exact, chi-square, and Student9s t tests. Results. Patients receiving intravenous ketorolac (group 2) in addition to subarachnoid opioids had significantly lower pain scores 1 hour after surgery, and required less supplementary intravenous morphine within the first 24 postoperative hours (P Conclusions. When used in conjunction with subarachnoid opioids, the scheduled administration of intravenous ketorolac during the first 24 hours after major urologic surgery significantly enhances analgesia and reduces the need for supplemental intravenous opioids without affecting the incidence of side effects. Intravenous ketorolac is a safe and useful adjuvant to subarachnoid opioids in the management of acute post-operative pain.