cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A cloned Drosophila DNA fragment which codes for a 4 S RNA species.

Abstract A collection of random Drosophila melanogaster DNA fragments cloned individually in Escherichia coli was screened for the presence of sequences complementary to the 4 S, 5 S and 5.8 S RNA species produced in the D. melanogaster K c tissue culture line. Four D. melanogaster DNA fragments were found which possessed sequences complementary to the 4 S RNA species but not complementary to the 5 S or 5.8 S RNA. One such cloned fragment (6.81 kilobase in length) was characterized further. It hybridizes in situ to region 22A-C of the left arm of chromosome 2 and does not contain repetitive sequences detectable by renaturation ( c 0 t ) analysis. This same region was reported earlier by Steffensen and Wimber (Genetics (1971) 69, 163–178) to hybridize in situ to bulk tRNA extracted from D. melanogaster .
National legitimacy and overseas Chinese mobilization

This paper examines the Chinese Nationalists’ overseas Chinese policies during the early War of Resistance and the early Cold War. The strategies, organizations and problems of huaqiao mobilization during the Anti-Japanese War set patterns for Cold War anti-Communist efforts. In both struggles, the Nationalists emphasized that they represented China's legitimate government and that support from overseas Chinese was part of a crusade dating back to Sun Yat-sen, the father of the nation. As mothers of the revolution, huaqiao were to remain loyal to Sun's legacy by backing Chiang. Southeast Asia, home to the majority of overseas Chinese, became the focus of Nationalist attention and is the most appropriate arena to examine the vicissitudes of huaqiao policies. Obstacles to huaqiao mobilization did not simply result from Japanese, then Communist, machinations. The Nationalists encountered difficulties due to overseas Chinese apathy and disunity. Further, the complex political environment of Southeast Asia, be...
Pharmacobehavioral Intervention: Integrating Pharmacologic and Behavioral Techniques for Pediatric Medical Procedures

Despite an increasing awareness of the problem of pediatric acute pain, many children continue to suffer pain and anxiety associated with medical procedures. Traditionally, intervention for medical procedures has focused on either behavioral or pharma- cologic techniques. However, nonpharmacologic techniques can be an important adjunct to pharmacologic methods of reducing or preventing pain and distress associated with medical procedures. Although in many pediatric settings these techniques are combined, there is little discussion in the pediatric literature regarding how to practically implement such an integrated approach. The purpose of this article is to describe an integrated treatment approach that can be routinely implemented by health care providers, such as nurses, physicians, and technicians, when performing medical procedures in the pediatric setting. Specifically, the advantages and disad- vantages of behavioral and pharmacologic techniques are described, as well as how they can be integrated ...
Zur Quantentheorie der Messung

Die Heisenberg-von Neumannsche Beschreibung des Messungsvorgangs beruht auf einem Doppelsinn des Wortes,,Zustand” und einer misverstandlichen Auffassung der Schrodinger-Gleichung, die dann zu der bekannten Mischung yon subjektiven und objektiven Elementen, dem Llbergang yore Moglichen zum Faktischen usw. ftihrt. In der konsequenten statistischen Deutung kann man (nach Ausscheidung des erwahnten Doppelsinns) yon der Mischung yon Physik und Phanomenologie der Bewustseinsinhalte zur reinen Physik zuruckkehren. Unser Ausweg aus den inneren Widerspruchen der Messungstheorie ist genau entgegengesetzt dem yon SCHRODINGER und FEYERABEND, namlich rein statistisch.
Variation in gene expression of Andropogon gerardii in response to altered environmental conditions associated with climate change

Summary 1. If we are to understand the mechanisms underlying species responses to climate change in natural systems, studies are needed that focus on responses of non-model species under field conditions. We measured transcriptional profiles of individuals of Andropogon gerardii ,aC 4 grass native to North American grasslands, in a field experiment in which both temperature and precipitation were manipulated to simulate key aspects of forecasted climate change. 2. By using microarrays developed for a closely related model species, Zea mays ,w e were able to compare the relative influence of warming versus altered soil moisture availability on expression levels of over 7000 genes, identify responsive functional groups of genes and correlate changes in gene transcription with physiological responses. 3. We observed more statistically significant shifts in transcription levels of genes in response to thermal stress than in response to water stress. We also identified candidate genes that demonstrated transcription levels closely associated with physiological variables, in particular chlorophyll fluorescence. 4. Synthesis. These results suggest that an ecologically important species responds differently to different environmental aspects of forecast climate change. These translational changes have the potential to influence phenotypic characters and ultimately adaptive responses.
Virial modeling of gas-solid Joule-Thomson effect for argon-carbon aerosol

This paper presents the history of and later experimentation with the Joule--Thomson effect. The effect is discussed in terms of its association with a gas-solid dispersion. Experimental measurements of aerosol cooling were compared to a viral model utilizing chromatographic second gas-solid viral coefficients. The author extends the application of this model to include the effects of higher order viral coefficients.
Panel: In Search of a Universal (But Useful) Model of Parallel Computation

Is it possible to create one idealized parallel com puter model to provide an interface between hardware and software performance that supports a machineindependent framework for specifying various compu tational costs? Is it necessary to have more than one? What attributes should this model(s) have? Does such a model(s) exist today? How can we create such a model(s)? Is it important to have such a model(s)?
Quantitative quality control in microarray experiments and the application in data filtering, normalization and false positive rate prediction.

Abstract: Data preprocessing including proper normalization and adequate quality control before complex data mining is crucial for studies using the cDNA microarray technology. We have developed a simple procedure that integrates data filtering and normalization with quantitative quality control of microarray experiments. Previously we have shown that data variability in a microarray experiment can be very well captured by a quality score qcom that is defined for every spot, and the ratio distribution depends on qcom. Utilizing this knowledge, our data-filtering scheme allows the investigator to decide on the filtering stringency according to desired data variability, and our normalization procedure corrects the qcom-dependent dye biases in terms of both the location and the spread of the ratio distribution. In addition, we propose a statistical model for false positive rate determination based on the design and the quality of a microarray experiment. The model predicts that al ower limit of 0.5 for the replicate concordance rate is needed in order to be certain of true positives. Our work demonstrates the importance and advantages of having a quantitative quality control scheme for microarrays.
Negotiating the Nagoya Protocol: Indigenous Demands for Justice

In October 2010, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. One impetus behind the Nagoya Protocol was the mandate to address the unjust impacts—such as the loss of access to resources, exploitation of traditional knowledge, and expropriation of rights to resources—of the global demand for genetic resources on indigenous peoples and local communities (ILCs). Using collaborative event ethnography, this article demonstrates the limited nature, scope, and engagement of the ILC justice discourse in the negotiations, despite the supposedly inclusive nature of the CBD. I attribute the constrained discourse in part to the existence of a justice metanorm as evidenced through the emergence of shared meanings and prescriptive status of justice instruments.
Polysilicon hollow beam lateral resonators

The first microfabrication of hollow polysilicon beams is reported. Arrays of lateral resonators are designed, processed, and tested with resonant frequencies from 8 kHz to 0.5 MHz. The quality factor as a function of pressure of the hollow beam resonators is compared with solid beam resonators, and values as high as 34000 are obtained in vacuum. The hollow beam resonators are verified with theory and compared to resonators with solid cross sections. >
Reducing the computational cost for statistical medical image analysis: an MRI study on the sexual morphological differentiation of the corpus callosum

We illustrate the application of intelligent medical image analysis techniques in order to reduce the computational cost of statistical voxel-wise analysis for detecting discriminative regions of morphological variability among different populations. We demonstrate that novel statistical image processing techniques that operate selectively on groups of pixels are suitable for morphological analysis of anatomical structures visualized by modern medical imaging modalities. We also show that the proposed methodology effectively decreases the number of statistical tests performed, alleviating the effect of the multiple comparison problem. We show that our approach detects regions of statistically significant morphological variability. Our results validate previous findings, while being robust across a wide range of experimental settings.
Expression of the oscillating gene her1 is directly regulated by Hairy/Enhancer of Split, T-box, and Suppressor of Hairless proteins in the zebrafish segmentation clock.

Somites are segmental units of the mesoderm in vertebrate embryos that give rise to the axial skeleton, muscle, and dermis. Somitogenesis occurs in a periodic manner and is governed by a segmentation clock that causes cells to undergo repeated oscillations of gene expression. Here, we present a detailed analysis of cis-regulatory elements that control oscillating expression of the zebrafish her1 gene in the anterior presomitic mesoderm. We identify binding sites for Her proteins and demonstrate that they are necessary for transcriptional repression. This result confirms that direct negative autoregulation of her gene expression constitutes part of the oscillator mechanism. We also characterize binding sites for fused somites/Tbx24 and Suppressor of Hairless proteins and show that they are required for activation of her1 expression. These data provide the foundation for a precise description of the regulatory grammar that defines oscillating gene expression in the zebrafish segmentation clock. Developmental Dynamics 238:2745–2759, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis of a nano-porous multi-layer film for thermal radiation barrier coatings

A highly reflective thermal radiation barrier coating (TRBC) made of a multi-layer film is studied for high temperature applications. The multi-layer film with a periodic microstructure consisting of cylindrical nano- pores acts a photonic band gap (PBG) crystal. The coating is constructed such that pores are arranged periodically along the in-plane directions and axes of the pores are parallel to the thickness direction. The pore diameter is varied periodically through the thickness to form a multi- layer film of alternating low and high porosities. The pri- mary motivation behind considering this microstructure is that it can be fabricated from aluminum dioxide, which remains stable at high temperatures. The reflectivity of a single layer with uniform porosity is computed by numerically solving Maxwell's equations, by considering both the microstructure explicitly and a homogenized layer to gain insights into the effect of pore size on the reflec- tivity of the nano-porous layer. Based on the study of the single layer, two microstructures with different arrange- ments of pores are designed to exploit the effect of microstructure to widen the band gap of the PBG crystal and to increase the reflectivity of the TRBC. Results of numerical simulations reveal that a wider band gap and higher reflectivity can be achieved by making the inter- pore distance of alternate layers of the multi-layer film comparable to the wavelength of the incident thermal radiation. A TRBC, which is made of a microstructure with a wider band gap and has increased reflectivity, will reflect a greater amount of incident heat energy over a wider range of frequencies.
Pituicytes, glia and control of terminal secretion

Once thought to be hormone-synthesizing cells, the pituicytes are now known to be the resident astroglia of the neurohypophysis (also referred to here as the posterior pituitary). Early investigators interpreted light microscopic observations as demonstrating pituicyte secretion, since pituicytes appeared to contain neuro-secretory material when hormone demand was low and not when it was increased. Ultrastructural studies have shown that pituicytes actually engulf or completely surround neurosecretory axons and axonal endings under basal conditions, and release these neural processes when conditions require increased hormone output. Thus, the pituicytes appeared to the early workers to contain and release hormone when they actually contained and released axons and terminals in which the hormone was, in fact, contained. Dynamic interactions of pituicytes with various of the other elements in the gland have also been demonstrated. When hormone demand is low, the pituicytes not only engulf the neurosecretory processes but also interpose their own processes between the secretory endings and the basal lamina. Since any hormone that is secreted must pass through the basal lamina and into the perivascular spaces in order to enter the fenestrated capillaries, pituicyte interpositions form physical, and perhaps chemical, barriers to hormone entering the circulation. Increasing hormone demand results in retraction of pituicyte processes from the basal lamina, permitting increased neural contact. Studies of isolated neurohypophysis and of cultured adult rat pituicytes have shown that these glia undergo appropriate morphological changes in response to osmotic stimuli or to receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase. Both these events are thought to be effectors of the alterations seen in vivo. Some possible mechanisms by which pituicytes may participate in the control of secretory events are discussed.
Stimulus-response compatibility effect in left-right discriminations

Choice response times to visual word and symbol verification tasks were compared for left and right stimulus directions. The results indicated that true statements were responded to more quickly than false statements but that left and right produced equal response times. A strong stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effect of question (true vs. false) and location of response key (left vs. right side of keyboard) was found. This S-R compatibility effect was based on the concept of verification instead of the left vs. right direction of the stimulus and the corresponding response key per se.
Achieving a Solution to Acid Deposition and Other International Environmental Problems

Acid deposition was first recognized as a large-scale ecological threat about forty years ago when Swedish scientists tied the environmental decline of lakes to acid rain. Solving this problem presented a special challenge because the sources of the pollution were hundreds of miles away, in other countries that had little at stake in the water quality and biological diversity of Swedish lakes. Today we recognize that our most important environmental problems can only be solved through international cooperation, often at a global scale. Efforts to deal with acid deposition across political boundaries serve as a model for dealing with other international environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depletion, and protection of migratory birds and marine mammals.
Colloquial Arabic Poetry, Politics, and the Press in Modern Egypt

On 9 November 1956, a poem in colloquial Arabic appeared in the month-old Cairo daily al-Masāʾ. The poet was an unknown named Hamid al-Atmas, a carpenter from the Delta city of Damanhur. Entitled “That's It, I'm Off to the Battlefield,” al-Atmas's poem celebrated the worker as soldier, for British and French troops had just landed in Port Said. The narrator states that he will put down his tools—as will many laborers and craftsmen—to go and fight. Following victory, he will return to his shākūsh (hammer) and mingār (plane). This, he stresses, is a people's struggle.1 The point is made no less subtly through the poet's choice of language: the narrator's diction is based on that of shop, home, and street.
Steady state unemployment under profit sharing

This paper demonstrates how asymmetric treatment of high-seniority "insider" workers and non-tenured "outsiders" gives rise to bad macroeconomic st eady states in a wage economy. The framework uses a Nash bargaining solution where workers may bargain over pay but firms control hiring. Profit sharing is then considered as an alternative payment mechanism having the automatically corrective incentive property that employers want to hire more outsiders. Given the assumptions of the model, it is shown that widespread profit sharing results in lower unemployment and more output even though it is individually rational for insiders to prefer wages over profit shares. Copyright 1987 by Royal Economic Society.
Improving the use of rye (Secale cereale) for nematode management: potential to select cultivars based on Meloidogyne incognita host status and benzoxazinoid content

Summary – Six geographically diverse cultivars of rye (Secale cereale), a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cultivar unstated were screened for Meloidogyne incognita host suitability. Chemical constituents of rye can suppress M. incognita, so the rye cultivars and wheat were also tested for benzoxazinoid content to determine if rye cultivar selection could be based upon plant chemistry. There was variation in M. incognita host status among the rye cultivars. Cultivars Aroostook, Elbon, Oklon and Wrens Abruzzi were the most resistant rye cultivars, with low numbers of M. incognita eggs/g dry root. Cultivar Wheeler had somewhat more eggs/g root than these cultivars, while cv. Merced supported nearly three times more eggs/g root than cv. Wheeler. Most of the rye cultivars were similar to each other in total benzoxazinoid content, although cv. Aroostook had the lowest amount of total benzoxazinoids. When data from roots and shoots were combined, more than 79% of the total benzoxazinoids in all six of the rye cultivars were comprised of the non-methoxy-substituted forms: i )( 2R)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-(2H )1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H )-one (DIBOA-glucoside); ii) 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H )-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H )-one (DIBOA); and iii) benzoxazolin2(3H )-one (BOA). In the rye cultivar roots there was little difference among cultivars in amounts of the methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids: i )( 2R)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H )-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H )-one (DIMBOA-glucoside); ii) 2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H )-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H )-one (DIMBOA); iii) 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H )-one (MBOA); and iv )2 hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H )-1,4,-benzoxazzin-3(4H )-one (HMBOA). However, cv. Aroostook roots had the lowest concentration of nonmethoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids. Rye cultivars were generally similar to each other in amounts of benzoxazinoids in shoots. The shoots had much lower concentrations of methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoinds than the roots but much higher concentrations of nonmethoxy-substituted forms. Cultivars with the lowest numbers of eggs/g root and the highest amounts of benzoxazinoids (with potential for action against nematodes in soil after incorporation as a green manure) are possible candidates for optimal nematode management.
Relative contribution of CT dose in SPECT/CT imaging

2327 Objectives There is limited data available regarding the radiation absorbed dose due to CT for SPECT/CT imaging. With heightened awareness of patient radiation dose, there is increased concern for use of SPECT/CT. We examined the CT doses relative to SPECT doses in SPECT/CT imaging. Methods A retrospective review of 381 clinical studies obtained on hybrid SPECT/CT systems (Symbia T6 and T16, Siemens Medical Solutions, USA) was performed. The radiation dose for CT was calculated by multiplying Dose Length Product (DLP) with anatomic region specific Conversion Factors (K-factors). The effective dose from radiopharmaceutical administration was calculated from package insert data. Results Radiation dose due to the CT portion of SPECT/CT procedures were divided into two groups: 1) CT used for attenuation correction: Cardiac (n=123), Octreotide Brain (n=11), and 2) CT used for anatomic localization: Octreotide Non-Neuro (n=52), Parathyroid (n=154), Liver/Spleen (n=17), I-123 mIBG (n=24) as shown in the table below: Conclusions The relative contribution of CT to total radiation burden for attenuation correction SPECT/CT is significantly lower than that for anatomic localization SPECT/CT. It also varies according to the procedure type and the CT field of view. SPECT/CT imaging should be undertaken by those familiar with the risks and benefits associated with radiation dose
Reading Old Plans

My initial decision to explicate how I read formal planning texts was provoked by the 1988 publication of a scheme for the CBD of Philadelphia and the adjacent residential neighborhoods. I thought initially that I might be able to help people directly read The Plan for Center City . Ultimately, however, I settled on a more modest goal: encouraging a conversation among planners about both reading and writing plans. My contribution to that conversation, an essay entitled “Reading Plans,” started with the notion that a plan, like any other text, creates images of an “ideal” and a “real” author and reader. I went on to explore the ways in which I located myself within and against those images. Once I'd fixed my location, I suggested, I read the core of a plan—whether it was a budget, a simple plat of streets and lots, a formal set of legal rules controlling land use, or an elaborately argued hybrid like The Plan for Center City —in three complementary ways: as a complex set of policy arguments, as an elaboration of a decision opportunity, and as a story.
Applied Reachability for Space Situational Awareness and Safety in Spacecraft Proximity Operations

Several existing and emerging applications of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) relate directly to spacecraft Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, and Docking (RPOD) and Formation / Cluster Flight (FCF). Observation correlation of nearby objects, control authority estimation, sensor-track re-acquisition, formation re-conguration feasibility, ‘stuck’ thrusters, and worst-case passive safety analysis are some areas where analytical reachability methods have potential utility. Existing reachability theory is applied to RPOD and FCF regimes. An optimal control policy is developed to maximize the reachability set and optimal control law discontinuities (switching) are examined. Necessary conditions for maximum position reachability are developed, allowing for a reduction in reachable set computation dimensionality. The nonlinear relative equations of Keplerian motion are introduced and used for all reachable position set determinations. The linearized ClohessyWiltshire equations of motion are normalized to accentuate relative control authority for spacecraft propulsion systems at both Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Several examples with traditional and low thrust propulsion systems in LEO and GEO are explored to illustrate the eects of relative control authority on the timevarying reachability set surface using the nonlinear equations of motion. Both monopropellant spacecraft at LEO and Hall thruster spacecraft at GEO are shown to be strongly actuated while Hall thruster spacecraft at LEO are found to be weakly actuated. Weaknesses with the current implementation are discussed and future numerical improvements and analytical eorts are discussed.
Survival Outcomes in Early Stage Laryngeal Cancer.

AIM To evaluate survival outcomes of radiotherapy versus surgical resection in the treatment of early stage laryngeal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Database. The cohort included 5,301 patients diagnosed with stages I and II laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 1992 and 2009, treated with either surgical therapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS Patients who received surgical therapy had better overall survival (OS) than patients who received radiation therapy (p<0.001). The difference in OS between treatment groups remained after stratification by stage (p<0.001 for Stage I; p=0.03 for Stage II) and subsite (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, the radiotherapy group had worse OS (hazard ratio (HR)=1.29). CONCLUSION Patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer treated with surgical therapy have better survival outcomes than patients treated with non-surgical therapy.
Heritage statecraft: When archaeological heritage meets neoliberalism in Gazprom's resource colonies, Russia

A growing number of scholarly works in the field of archaeology and heritage studies have been investigating the role of culture in relationship management. By assessing the use of heritage and repatriation of archaeological finds by multinational Gazprom, a natural gas company, in the Russian Federation, this paper contributes to this heritage diplomacy research by critically repositioning some of its core paradigms and its predominant emphasis on interstate diplomatic processes. As explored in this paper, archaeology and heritage are cultural technologies that have to be framed in the broader statecraft policies of the nation state, and are enmeshed with different types of power and include a plethora of agents. By exploring a case study investigating the corporate security initiatives of a resource extraction and transport giant in Russia, this paper contributes to the extensive literature on neoliberalism, corporate social responsibility and federalism in newly developing economies.
Blattisocius Tarsalis: Behavior in Association with the Moth Epizeuxis Aemula

Until recently the ascid mite Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese, 1918) was known chiefly if not exclusively from man-made habitats such as hay barns, grain bins, and laboratory insect cultures, where it is a predator upon the eggs and early instars of various insects (Darst and King, 1969). In 1969 I reported the frequent occurrence of this mite on feral adults of the small herminiine noctuidEpizeuxis aemula Huebner, which is common throughout most of temperate North America. The larvae of this moth feed upon many kinds of leaves, usually dry and fallen. On rare occasions they have been damaging to dry fodder, and have sometimes been reported as attacking spruce needles. Often double brooded, they hibernate as larvae, pupating in the spring within thin, net-like cocoons covered with frass or leaf fragments. They are strongly and negatively phototaxic, resistant to extremes of temperature and humidity, and immune to molds such as those that occur in damp leaf litter.
Minimally important difference of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile for children with orofacial anomalies

The Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) is an instrument designed to measure the self-reported oral health-related quality of life of children between the ages of 8 and 15, including domains for oral health, functional well-being, social-emotional well-being, school environment and self-image. The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) of the COHIP for patients with cleft lip/palate. Data from a 6-year, prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children with cleft lip/palate were analyzed to estimate the MID. Analysis was restricted to patients with data at baseline and first follow-up and not receiving a surgical intervention in the intervening years (N = 281). MIDs were estimated via the anchor-based method, using the Global Assessment of Change, and the effect size distribution method. Based on the distributional method, the minimally important differences were 0.16 (oral health), 0.12 (functional), 0.22 (social-emotional), 0.21 (school environment) and 0.19 (self-image). MID anchor estimates for COHIP domains ranged from −0.32 to 0.84. The anchor-based and effect size MID estimates for the overall COHIP score were 2.95 and 0.25, respectively. The minimally important difference of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile is recommended for interpreting clinically meaningful change in patients with cleft lip/palate.
A clustered approach to multithreaded processors

With aggressive superscalar processors delivering diminishing returns, alternate designs that make good use of the increasing chip densities are actively being explored. One such approach is simultaneous multithreading (SMT), where a conventional superscalar supports multiple threads such that instructions from different threads may be issued in a single cycle. Another approach is the on-chip multiprocessor and its variants. Unlike the SMT approach, all the resources have fixed assignment (FA) in this architecture. The design simplicity of the FA approach enables high clock frequencies, while the flexibility of the SMT approach allows it to adapt to the specific thread and instruction-level parallelism of the application. Unfortunately, the strict partitioning of resources among various processors in the FA architecture may result in under-utilization of the chip, while the fully centralized structure of the SMT may result in a longer clock cycle-time. The authors explore a hybrid design, where a chip is composed of a set of SMT processors. They evaluate such a clustered architecture naming parallel applications. They consider both a low-end machine with only one processor chip on which to run multiple threads as well as a high-end machine with several processor chips working on the same application. Overall, they conclude that such a hybrid processor represents a good performance-complexity design point.
Investigating the role of amine in InP nanocrystal synthesis: destabilizing cluster intermediates by Z-type ligand displacement

The reaction of primary amines with In37P20(O2CR)51 is found to remove In(O2CR)3 subunits from In37P20(O2CR)51. This loss of Z-type ligands coincides with structural rearrangement to alleviate core strain and passivate phosphorus atoms. This result consolidates conflicting claims that primary amines both promote and retard precursor conversion rates for InP nanocrystals.
A Controlled Randomized Preliminary Trial of a Modified Dissonance-Based Eating Disorder Intervention Program.

Objective We conducted a controlled randomized preliminary trial of a modified dissonance-based eating disorder program (n = 24) compared to an assessment-only control condition (n = 23) via a longitudinal design (baseline, postintervention, 2-month follow-up) in a community sample of women (N = 47) with clinical (n = 22) and subclinical (n = 25) eating disorder symptoms. Method The traditional content of the Body Project, a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program, was modified to include verbal, written, and behavioral exercises designed to dissuade self-objectification and maladaptive social comparison. Women with clinical and subclinical symptoms were included in the target audience to investigate both the treatment and the indicated prevention utility of the modified dissonance program. Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, self-objectification, thin-ideal internalization, maladaptive social comparison, trait anxiety, and eating disorder symptoms were evaluated in the control and the modified dissonance condition at baseline, postintervention, and 2-month follow-up. Results We predicted a statistically significant 2 (condition: control, modified dissonance) x 3 (time: baseline, postintervention, 2-month follow-up) interaction in the mixed factorial multivariate analyses of variance results. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Eating disorder risk factors and symptoms decreased significantly among participants in the modified dissonance condition at postintervention and 2-month follow-up compared to baseline; symptom improvement was greater among participants in the modified compared to the control condition. A secondary analysis indicated symptom improvement did not vary as a function of symptom status (clinical, subclinical), suggesting the program is efficacious in both indicated prevention and treatment applications. Conclusion Results provide preliminary support for the modified dissonance program.
A Resource-Allocation Perspective for Marketing Analytics

Managers must understand their marketing efforts as precisely as possible in order to determine how much to spend on each marketing channel. This technical note explores marketing analytics—the process of systematically using empirical data about customers, companies, and industry context to inform strategic marketing decisions and create models that are helpful in understanding consumer behaviors. Resource allocation is the endgame of analytics. Using marketing analytics properly, any firm should be able to determine the optimal level of spending it should make on each of its marketing channels to maximize future performance and success. Excerpt UVA-M-0861 Rev. Oct. 1, 2019 A Resource-Allocation Perspective for Marketing Analytics Your friend has sent you on a treasure hunt. She has given you clues about how to find the treasure, but you'll be left to draw on your own treasure-hunting skills to put the clues to good use. Who is this friend of yours? It's your boss, the owner of the company for which you are the marketing manager. What is the treasure you seek? It's a business advantage that will allow your company to allocate its marketing dollars optimally and come out ahead of the competition. Those clues? That's data your company has gathered about the past behavior of customers. And what are your treasure-hunting skills? They are the tools you will find in this note—the techniques needed to analyze past marketing performance and discover unknowns that will allow you to predict the future. The broad view of how this is done is the discipline of marketing analytics—the process of creating models helpful in understanding consumer behaviors. It is the systematic use of empirical data about customers, companies, their competition and collaborators, and industry context to inform strategic marketing decisions. The function of marketing analytics can range from reports on regular marketing activities—such as paid search advertising click-through rates—to allocating marketing resources to maximize future performance of a company's digital presence. . . .
Incidence and Characterization of Hypoesthesia in the Distribution of the Infrapatellar Branch of the Saphenous Nerve after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Study of Patient-Reported Numbness.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of patient-reported numbness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), if postoperative numbness dissipates with time, and how the graft type affects numbness severity. A total of 218 patients undergoing ACLR were prospectively enrolled. At 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively, patients completed a questionnaire assessing numbness severity and location. Each time, patients rated their sensory deficit from 0 to 10 (0 = no deficit; 10 = complete lack of sensation) and indicated the location of their sensory deficit by marking a picture of a knee divided into nine rectangular segments. A mixed effect linear regression model was used to identify predictors for the patient-reported numbness severity. Overall, 69.8% (150/218) of patients reported numbness at 6 weeks, 50.0% (97/194) at 6 months, and 42.2% (78/185) at 1 year. Allograft patients reported a mean numbness severity of 2.9 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard error), 1.7 ± 0.2, and 1.4 ± 0.3 at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively. The 6-week, 6-month, and 1-year averages were 4.7 ± 0.4, 2.7 ± 0.4, and 1.7 ± 0.4 for bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft patients and 4.3 ± 0.4, 2.9 ± 0.4, and 2.5 ± 0.4 for hamstring autograft patients. The model indicated that the use of hamstring autografts increased patient-reported numbness by an average of 1.4 ± 0.5 across all time points, and the use of a BTB autograft increased patient-reported numbness by 1.2 ± 0.4 across all time points. Time from surgery decreased the severity of patient-reported numbness for all graft types (−1.3 ± 0.2 at 6 months and −1.7 ± 0.2 at 1 year). Hypoesthesia in the distribution of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve is common after ACLR but is likely to dissipate with time. Patients undergoing ACLR with allograft may be less likely to develop sensory deficits, and these deficits may be less severe.
Rituximab before and during pregnancy: A systematic review, and a case series in MS and NMOSD.

Objective To evaluate the safety of rituximab treatment before and during pregnancy in women with MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) who may be at risk of relapses by performing a systematic literature review combined with a retrospective single-center case series. Methods Studies were systematically identified in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE using the key terms “pregnancy” and “rituximab”; 22 articles were included for review (>17,000 screened). Then, patients with MS and NMOSD from 1 center (University of California, San Francisco) exposed to rituximab before conception were identified through medical record review. Results Systematic review: We identified 102 pregnancies with rituximab use within 6 months of conception: 78 resulted in live births and 12 in spontaneous abortions. Of 54 live births with reported gestational age, 31 occurred at term (37 weeks+) and 2 before 32 weeks. When checked, B-cell counts were low in 39% of newborns and normalized within 6 months. Case series: we identified 11 pregnancies (1 ongoing) in 10 women (7 MS and 3 NMOSD) treated with rituximab within 6 months of conception. All completed pregnancies resulted in term live births of healthy newborns (1 lost to follow-up at term). No maternal relapses occurred before/during pregnancy; 1 occurred postpartum (NMOSD). Conclusion No major safety signal was observed with rituximab use within 6 months of conception. Beyond the need for monitoring neonatal B cells, these observations support prospectively monitoring a larger patient cohort to determine whether rituximab may safely protect women with MS and NMOSD who are planning a pregnancy against relapses.
Mail Order Feminism

Increasingly, working class and lower class men are unable to marry. As their financial prospects have declined, so has their marriageability. American women, whose financial and educational prospects have improved during this same period, are now rejecting relationships with men they no longer view as their equals and this trend is creating a large class of unwilling bachelors. Mail order marriage provides a solution. Mail order marriages provide men with a pathway to marriage and, contrary to popular stereotypes, these marriages are also beneficial for the women.This article will show that assumptions about spousal abuse in mail order marriages are unsupported and that U.S. law provides effective protections for mail order brides. Moreover, this article will show how, rather than attracting vulnerable and desperate women, mail order marriages empower women. In fact, this article will argue that these foreign brides should be recognized as feminists and not victims. In addition, this article will examine American’s widespread aversion to mail order marriages and consider what this reaction says about modern perceptions of love and marriage.
Asymptotic PN and double PN approximations

Abstract The P N and double P N approximations to the monoenergetic transport equation are modified to improve their asymptotic behaviour. Free parameters are introduced into the P N and double P N equations through the use of a pseudo-scattering kernel. The parameters are evaluated by stipulating that the resulting scalar flux approximations to the infinite-medium Green's function yield exact asymptotic solutions while conserving specified spatial moments. Asymptotic P 3 and double P 1 solutions are presented for the infinite-medium and half-space Green's functions and for the source-free and constant-source Milne problems.
The Jurisdictional Question in Hobby Lobby

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores may well be the biggest case of the term. And by its own rules, the Supreme Court lacked jurisdiction. An obscure statute, the Anti-Injunction Act of 1867 (“the AIA”), imposes a pay-first requirement for federal tax challenges. The deeply held conventional wisdom is that the AIA is a jurisdictional statute, and there is a good argument that the AIA applies to the contraception mandate. As we learned from National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 132 S.Ct. 2566 (2012), the best evidence of whether Congress intended the AIA to apply is the text. The mandate at issue in Hobby Lobby, 26 U.S.C. § 4980D, expressly refers to the employer assessment as a tax — 24 times. In light of NFIB, the Supreme Court’s failure to address the AIA was a serious mistake.
Electro-osmotic permeability of ion-exchange resin membranes

Electro-osmotic Permeabilityw, of 10% cross-linked polymethacrylate membrane employing each of Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ ions, of 5% cross-linked membrane employing each of Na+ and K+ ions and of 15% cross-linked membrane using each of Li+, Na+ and K+ ions in dilute solutions (0·01 g. ions per litre) have been computed by measuring the rates of electro-osmotic flow of liquid through the membranes at 30° C.w, increases at low currents and decreases as the current strength is increased attaining finally a limiting value. This variation is attributed to non-uniform charge distribution in the liquid layers of the pore solution of the membrane. At low currents liquid layers in the centre of the pores become mobile and at high currents an overall surface charge operates and produces a limiting value forw.
Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Systems

Although mathematical modeling has a long and very rich tradition in physiology, the recent explosion of biological, biomedical, and clinical data from the cellular level all the way to the organismic level promises to require a renewed emphasis on computational physiology, to enable integration and analysis of vast amounts of life-science data. In this introductory chapter, we touch upon four modeling-related themes that are central to a computational approach to physiology, namely simulation, exploration of hypotheses, parameter estimation, and model-order reduction. In illustrating these themes, we will make reference to the work of others contained in this volume, but will also give examples from our own work on cardiovascular modeling at the systems-physiology level.
Health care utilization and expenditures among adults with rheumatoid arthritis using specialty pharmaceuticals.

Abstract Background Despite the rising popularity of using specialty medications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), little is known about the use or spending on medical services among these patients. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate health care utilization and expenditures among patients with RA using specialty medications compared with those using non-specialty (i.e., traditional) medications. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2009 through 2015. Health care use and expenditures were examined using a (zero-truncated or zero-inflated) negative binomial model and a generalized linear model with a log link function and gamma distribution (or a two-part model). Results Compared to patients with RA who were traditional medication users (TMUs), those categorized as specialty medication users (SMUs) were prescribed about 24% fewer medications (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.89) and received fewer office-based visits (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.70–0.99). Although SMUs' spending on emergency department visits was lower, their spending on total health care was $14,570 higher than that of TMUs. Compared with TMUs, users of both specialty and traditional medications (BMUs) had fewer emergency department visits (IRR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.81) with less spending on emergency service use. Overall, BMUs' total health care spending was $5720 higher than TMUs’ total spending. Conclusions There were some differences in health care use and expenditures for treating RA between patients using specialty medications and those using traditional medications. Total health care spending was higher for SMUs/BMUs despite their less frequent use of some types of medical services and lower spending on emergency department visits, because of the high cost of specialty medications for RA. The high costs of specialty medications implies the importance of the efficient use of these medications.
CHAT: The Colorado Hail Accumulation from Thunderstorms Project

AbstractIn recent years, hail accumulations from thunderstorms have occurred frequently enough to catch the attention of the National Weather Service, the general public, and news agencies. Despite...
The Ultimate Aphrodisiac: Power's Effects on Women's and Men's Responses to Subordinates

In two studies, single women and men in positions of power, but not those without power, responded with more negative emotions to work partners who were not useful (versus useful) for fulfilling da...