cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic and optical properties of NbO2

In the present study, we combine theoretical and experimental approaches in order to gain insight into the electronic properties of both the high-temperature, rutile (metallic) and low-temperature, body-centered tetragonal (insulating) phase of niobium dioxide (NbO2) as well as the optical properties of the low-temperature phase. Theoretical calculations performed at the level of the local density approximation, Hubbard U correction, and hybrid functional are complemented with the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) of epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For the rutile phase, the local density approximation (LDA) gives the best description and predicts Fermi surface nesting consistent with wave vectors that lead to niobium-niobium dimerization during the phase transition. For the insulating phase, LDA provides a good quantitative description of the lattice, but only a qualitative description for the band gap. Including a Hubbard U correction opens the band gap at the expense of correctly describi...
A phonological investigation of four siblings with childhood autism.

Abstract Multiple autistic siblings of four or more are extremely rare. This study carried out a phonological investigation of four siblings in a unique family. Phonological investigations were carried out on four siblings with childhood autism (one female and three males). In addition, behavioral characteristics were described and compared among the four children. The two methods used for speech elicitation were object naming and spontaneous speech utterances. Data analyses included phonetic inventory and phonological process analyses. Phonological investigations showed that these autistic children, at least the more severely impaired ones, do not only exhibit delayed phonological behavior, but also show some atypical patterns that rarely occur in normal development. Findings from this study reveal five general patterns of phonological behavior, namely: (a) evidence of several phonological processes that are common in normal development; (b) persistence of several phonological processes, such as labialization, cluster reduction, or final consonant deletion, beyond the expected age; (c) evidence of unusual sound changes, such as extensive segment coalescence, frication of liquids, and velarization; (d) evidence of “chronological mismatch” (Grunwell, 1981) , which is the notion of the absence of earlier sounds co-occurring with characteristics of later development; and (e) restricted use of contrasts. These findings support earlier work on a single autistic child using phonological investigations (Wolk & Edwards, 1993) , but contrast with all previous research suggesting that autistic children exhibit delayed rather than unusual phonological development. Clinical implications are suggested.
Properties of Self-Curing Denture Base Resins

tions made of gutta-percha, zinc oxide and eugenol cement, silicate cement, zinc phosphate cement, amalgam, cast gold, gold foil and acrylic resin. 2. This marginal percolation is caused in part by a difference in the coefficients o f thermal expansion of the tooth and the restoration and by thermal expansion of the fluid occupying the crevice between the tooth and the restoration. 3. In light of the present concepts of the mechanisms of dental caries, marginal percolation may be an explanation for the recurrence o f caries at the margins of some restorations. 4. Further observation o f the influence o f marginal percolation as a factor in the efficiency of the direct filling resin as a permanent filling material is re­ quired.
Does modulation of selective attention to features reflect enhancement or suppression of neural activity

Numerous studies have demonstrated that selective attention to color is associated with a larger neural response under attend than ignore conditions, but have not addressed whether this difference reflects enhanced activity under attend or suppressed activity under ignore. In this study, a color-neutral condition was included, which presented stimuli physically identical to those under attend and ignore conditions, but in which color was not task relevant. Attention to color did not modulate the early sensory-evoked P1 and N1 components. Traditional ERP markers of early selection (the anterior Selection Positivity and posterior Selection Negativity) did not differ between the attend and neutral conditions, arguing against a mechanism of enhanced activity. However, there were markedly reduced responses under the ignore relative to the neutral condition, consistent with the view that early selection mechanisms reflect suppression of neural activity under the ignore condition.
Studies of the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey: nerve fiber spectrum and physiological properties.

Abstract This report describes a combined study of the anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey. An optic nerve was fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon for the histological study: 60,898 fibers were measured and tabulated according to outside diameter. The fiber spectrum was unimodal with a peak frequency at 1.2 μ and a range of 0.4–6 μ. The total number of fibers was 1,410,000. The compound action potentials of the entire optic nerve and of small fascicles of the optic nerve were recorded at the optic disk: conduction velocities, recovery cycles and afterpotentials were studied. These properties of the nerve fibers showed a continuous range of values which were associated with differences in fiber diameter. It is concluded that the fibers of the optic nerve form a homogeneous population; thus the anatomical and physiological findings are not in conflict. Differences between the properties of fibers in the optic nerve and in the retina are described and discussed in terms of the known ultrastructure of the retinal nerve fiber layer.
Information security policy's impact on reporting security incidents

The New Health Privacy Rule, effective from April 14, 2003, has made it illegal for healthcare providers and insurers to release a patient's medical records without the individual's consent [Cropper, Carol Marie. How to keep prying eyes off your medical records. Business Week November 19, 2001;130-2]. Rule provisions dictate that healthcare providers and insurers must have a written information security policy and present it to patients [Cropper, Carol Marie. How to keep prying eyes off your medical records. Business Week November 19, 2001;130-2]. This paper evaluated the utility of having such a policy by examining the reporting of computer abuse incidents and the reporting of the seriousness of computer abuse incidents in those hospitals that either have or do not have a written information security policy. The premise of this study is that for an information security policy to be effective, computer abuse incidents and the seriousness of those computer abuse incidents must be reported. For this study, there were two factors that were examined for all respondent hospitals. The first factor was the reporting of computer abuse incidents that occurred the year prior to the study. The second factor was the reporting of the seriousness of computer abuse incidents that occurred the year prior to the study. Survey instruments were distributed to hospitals of various sizes, specialties, ownership, and types. The questionnaire collected information about the reporting of computer abuse incidents and their seriousness level to determine if an information security policy is effective in influencing the reporting of each. In addition, background information was collected from each hospital to aid in the analysis of the survey results.
Pectinolytic bacteria and their secreted pectate lyases: agents for the maceration and solubilization of phytomass for fuels production.

Abstract The objectives of the research in our laboratory have been to identify the pectinolytic enzymes secreted by bacteria and apply these towards the enhanced maceration and solubilization of plant material. We have focused on the pectate lyases secreted by the phytopathogenic strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi , the ruminant resident Lachnospira multiparus , and the wood digestor isolate, Clostridium populeti . An HPLC approach has been developed that permits the kinetic analysis of each enzyme with respect to the formation of individual products during the pectate depolymerization process. This approach has demonstrated that each of these organisms secretes a nonrandom trimer-generating pectate lyase with a combination of endolytic and exolytic depolymerizing mechanisms. Two different strains of E. chrysanthemi secrete a battery of pectate lyases that include random endolytic as well as nonrandom dimer- and nonrandom trimer-generating endolytic/exolytic mechanisms. Enzymes with each of these depolymerizing mechanisms have been produced in quantity in Escherichia coli following transformation with plasmids carrying the pelA, pelB, pelC, or pelE genes derived from E. chrysanthemi EC16. These enzymes and/or the bacteria which secrete them may be used to promote the solubilization of the pectate component of plant biomass as a prerequisite to the conversion to ethanol, methane, or other useful products.
24/7 lectures as an exam review technique

Assessment of student learning through tests, or examinations, is one of those necessary evils. No one seems to enjoy it, but everyone admits the necessity of it. Reducing student anxiety and frustration is an important activity to obtain a meaningful assessment of their learning. A common way for teachers to help students prepare is with a review session. This paper describes a structured review technique that actively engages every student in a multisensory way, requires little work on the part of the instructor, and is both entertaining and fun. Most important, this paper describes an empirical study that demonstrates the dramatic efficacy of the technique.
Two triterpenes from Davidsonia pruriens

Abstract Two new triterpenoids, methyl 3-oxo-bauer-7-en-28-oate and 3β-hydroxy-bauer-7-en-28-oic acid, were isolated from the stem bark of Davidsonia pruriens and their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.
Empirically Supported Treatments and Efficacy Trials: What Steps Do We Still Need to Take?

The Task Force on the Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures sought to identify scientifically supported treatments in order to espouse their use and improve client outcomes in therapy. Nevertheless, the gap between scientists and practitioners persists, and there still remain some limitations to the manner in which this goal is carried out. The criteria specifying whether a treatment qualifies as empirically supported are too lenient. The research used in the search for empirically supported treatments does not take into account the full literature base. Efficacy trials provide practitioners with limited information. This paper proposes means through which the field can improve its search for scientifically supported treatments. Alterations to the criteria that assess empirically supported treatments, greater research transparency and external validity, and collaboration between investigators and clinicians will allow the field of clinical psychology to better answer the question, “How can we most successfully treat this client?”
The electrolysis of formamides, acetamides and propionamides☆

Abstract Both solid and liquid products were produced by the electrolysis of N-methyl amides, and N, N-dimethylamides, but only the solid products were identified. The latter are of two general classes, i.e. bis-amides of methane (CnH2nN2O2) or bis-amides of methyl ether (CnH2nN2O3). These products show that it is the groups or atoms attached to the nitrogen that enter into the electrolytic reaction, and that the methyl groups are more susceptible to electrolytic change than is hydrogen when both are attached to the same nitrogen atom.
The use of ultrasound to detect small-for-gestational-age infants in patients with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin on maternal serum screening.

We evaluated serial sonography for the antenatal detection of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in pregnancies with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels on midtrimester triple-marker screen. A retrospective cohort study was performed at Saddleback Memorial Medical Center where serial ultrasounds from 26 weeks to delivery are generally recommended for patients with hCG levels >2.0 Multiple of the Median (MoM). From 1999 to 2007, 659 subjects were identified for analysis. The incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and SGA were 5.2% and 7.3%, respectively. Antenatal ultrasound identified 31.3% of SGA infants. Compared with estimated fetal weight (EFW) or = 75th percentile appears to be a safe cutoff to rule out all fetuses at risk for SGA.
Accounting for “mission” during co-optimization of system designs

A simulation-based approach to optimal design of systems requires collective solution to three related problems: selection of the best equipment, selection of the best system configuration, and optimal operation of the system in a mission-oriented sense. We solve these three problems by applying an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm on top of a toolbox that rapidly instantiates system models from high level specifications and system templates. The improved PSO more efficiently handles the involvement of discrete binary variables in the objective functions with universal constraints, more effectively avoids premature convergence, and yields a more accurate search for the global optimum solution. Our simulation-component-based co-optimization approach to system designs is illustrated by applying it to the design of an electric ship power system while accounting for the unit commitment problem during a set of missions. First, we prove the efficacy of the new PSO algorithm on one candidate system, and then we apply the new PSO method to evaluate and compare three candidate designs. The improved PSO shows that the system should actually consume up to 52% less fuel than is predicted by a simpler evaluation that invokes a proportionally-distributed power alignment; this is a much better measure of the true system performance. As compared with another validated hybrid PSO-GA algorithm, the improved PSO consistently finds an optimum operating point that yields up to 2.4% better fuel efficiency, and it improves the reliability of solutions by up to 32%. Next, three candidate designs are evaluated under optimal operating conditions, for a given mission profile, and compared in terms of their best performance. The simulation results successfully determine the best genset combination from the competing designs.
Momentary pain and coping in temporomandibular disorder pain: exploring mechanisms of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronic pain.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) operates by effecting changes in cognitions, affects, and coping behaviors in the context of painful episodes. Patients were 54 men and women with temporomandibular dysfunction-related orofacial pain (TMD) enrolled in a study of brief (6 weeks) standard conservative treatment (STD) or standard treatment plus CBT (STD + CBT). Momentary affects, pain, and coping processes were recorded on a cell phone keypad four times per day for 7 days prior to treatment, and for 14 days after treatment had finished, in an experience sampling paradigm. Analyses indicated no treatment effects on general retrospective measures of pain, depression, or pain-related interference with lifestyle at post-treatment. However, mixed model analyses on momentary pain and coping recorded pre- and post-treatment indicated that STD + CBT patients reported greater decreases in pain than did STD patients, significantly greater increases in the use of active cognitive and behavioral coping, and significantly decreased catastrophization. Analyses of experience sampling data indicated that post-treatment momentary pain was negatively predicted by concurrent active coping, self-efficacy, perceived control over pain, and positive-high arousal affect. Concurrent catastrophization was strongly predictive of pain. Active behavioral coping and self-efficacy reported at the prior time point (about 3 h previously) were also protective, while prior catastrophization and negative-high arousal mood were predictive of momentary pain. The results suggest that CB treatment for TMD pain can help patients alter their coping behaviors, and that these changes translate into improved outcomes.
The Impact of School Bullying on Racial/Ethnic Achievement

Significant bodies of scholarship have explored family background and its implications for racial/ethnic differences in academic achievement. Much less attention, however, has focused on the ways in which victimization in schools—and bullying in particular—may impact student performance. Drawing on nationally representative data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 and employing multilevel analysis from four racial/ethnic groups (Asian, black, Latino, and white), this study examines: (1) the impact of bullying on achievement and (2) the extent to which high- or low-achieving students are more vulnerable to bullying. Results indicate that bullying is relatively more frequent among blacks who are higher achievers and that bullying has equally detrimental consequences on later achievement for all racial/ethnic groups considered in this study. These findings are discussed relative to prior research on racial/ethnic inequality, education, and victimization, and also public policy efforts to address bullying in schools.
Element radiation characteristics for optimal antenna diversity

This paper presents several methods for determining the radiation characteristics of diversity antennas which achieve high diversity gain but which allow the different antennas to lie in different sub-apertures. Computational results show that the radiation characteristics computed with these methods offer good performance. These methods can be used within the larger framework of an antenna synthesis technique which strives to achieve the radiation characteristics specified using practical designs.
Intelligent control using /spl theta/-adaptive neural networks: a new approach to identification and control of nonlinear systems

A novel use of neural networks for parameter estimation in nonlinear identification and control problems is proposed. The neural network is used to identify the relation between system variables and parameters of a dynamical system. Two different algorithms, a block estimation method and a recursive estimation method are presented. In the block estimation method, the neural network approximates the mapping between the system response and the system parameters, while in the recursive method, the parameter estimates are recursively updated by incorporating new information. Both methods are useful for parameter estimation in systems where either the structure of the nonlinearities present are unknown or when the parameters occur nonlinearly. Analytical conditions under which successful estimation can be carried out are studied. How the algorithms can be applied to control of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and the associated stability issues are also discussed.
COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION IN MERCURIAN TETRAHEDRITE–TENNANTITE FROM THE EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS OF THE STEENS AND PUEBLO MOUNTAINS, HARNEY COUNTY, OREGON

Mercury-bearing tetrahedrite–tennantite (tetrahedrite ss ), III (Cu + ) 6 IV [(Cu + ) 4 ( R 2+ ) 2 ] III(Sb,As) 4 IVS 12 VIS, where R 2+ = Hg, Fe, Zn, Cu … is a minor but important constituent in the epithermal deposits of the Steens–Pueblo Mining District of southeastern Oregon. Electron-microprobe analyses of tetrahedrite ss from 12 of the deposits reveal complete substitution between the tetrahedrite and tennantite end-members with extensive substitution of Hg (up to 21.3 wt.%) and, in one deposit, silver (up to 49.7 wt. %). The Hg content is negatively correlated to the both the Fe and, especially, the Zn content, and positively but weakly correlated to the Sb content. Thus samples with the highest Hg contents (~2 atoms per formula unit) tend to be tetrahedrite ss with only minor to trace amounts of Fe and Zn and approximately 10 atoms per formula unit of Cu. Samples from the O’Keefe claims contain the highest Hg and Ag contents, Ag 6.00 [(Ag 4.00 ) (Cu 0.62 Hg 0.60 Zn 0.40 Fe 0.12 Co 0.05 Cd 0.04 )] (Sb 2.35 As 1.72 ) S 13.09 , ever reported for an intermediate member of the tetrahedrite–tennantite series, with substitution extending to the end member in which Cu is entirely replaced by Ag. This end member corresponds to the Sb-dominant analogue of argentotennantite. The antipathetic relationships between Ag and As, and between Ag and S, often reported in natural tetrahedrite ss , is not observed. The accommodation of large amounts of Ag in both the trigonal and tetrahedral sites in the structure seems facilitated by the presence of significant Hg and Zn in the tetrahedral framework rather than by the formation of S defects and octahedral metallic clusters.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Young Patients With Chronic Hereditary or Idiopathic Pancreatitis

We conducted a retrospective study of patients younger than 20 years of age who had a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and underwent assessment at the Mayo Clinic between 1960 and 1990. Those with a known etiologic factor for the pancreatitis (such as a virus, trauma, alcohol, or hyperlipidemia) were excluded from the study. We compared the clinical course of the 42 patients who had hereditary pancreatitis (HP)—defined as at least two family members affected by the condition—with that of the 28 patients who had idiopathic pancreatitis (IP). The mean age at initial assessment was 7 years for those with HP and 12 years for those with IP. All patients in both groups had abdominal pain. Vomiting was more frequent in patients with HP than in those with IP; otherwise the initial symptoms were similar in both groups. Patients with HP, however, had more complications, including pseudocysts (seven patients), steatorrhea (four), ascites (three), portal hypertension (two), and diabetes (one), than did patients with IP (one each had diabetes, steatorrhea, and a pseudocyst). Complications or pain necessitated surgical intervention in 23 of 42 patients with HP versus 4 of 28 patients with IP. Overall in comparison with IP, HP seems to be a more severe variant of chronic pancreatitis, inasmuch as it is associated with more frequent complications and need for surgical intervention.
Potential Vorticity Constraint on the Flow between Two Basins

Abstract This paper examines the role of potential vorticity (PV) balance in source- and sink-driven flows between two basins. As shown in previous studies, PV advection into a basin, say a positive PV advection, requires a negative frictional torque to maintain a steady PV balance. This sense of torque may be provided by a cyclonic boundary current within the basin. The PV advection through a channel is due almost entirely to advection of planetary PV, f/H, where f is the Coriolis parameter and H is the column thickness. Therefore a localized change of depth, and thus H in the channel, directly affects the PV transport and will result in a basinwide change of the circulation pattern. For example, if the channel depth is made shallower while holding the transport fixed, the PV advection is then increased and the result may be a strong recirculation within the basin, as much as two orders of magnitude greater than the transport through the channel. When the basins are connected by two channels at different...
A simulation study of linear coupling effects and their correction in RHIC

This paper describes a possible skew quadrupole correction system for linear coupling effects for the RHIC92 lattice. A simulation study has been done for this correction system. Results are given for the performance of the correction system and the required strength of the skew quadrupole corrections. The location of the correctors is discussed. For RHIC92, it appears possible to use the same 2 family correction system for all the likely choices of /spl beta/*. The simulation study gives results for the residual tune splitting that remains after correction with a 2 family correction system. It also gives results for the beta functions before and after correction. >
The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ 17 O(SO 4 2– )

Abstract. We use a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to quantify the influence of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production mechanisms and oxidant concentrations constrained by observations of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O = &delta17O–0.52 × &delta18O) of sulfate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores and aerosols. The oxygen isotopic composition of non-sea salt sulfate (Δ17O(SO42–)) is a function of the relative importance of each oxidant (e.g. O3, OH, H2O2, and O2) during sulfate formation, and can be used to quantify sulfate production pathways. Due to its dependence on oxidant concentrations, Δ17O(SO42–) has been suggested as a proxy for paleo-oxidant levels. However, the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate from both Greenland and Antarctic ice cores shows a trend opposite to that expected from the known increase in the concentration of tropospheric O3 since the preindustrial period. The model simulates a significant increase in the fraction of sulfate formed via oxidation by O2 catalyzed by transition metals in the present-day Northern Hemisphere troposphere (from 11% to 22%), offset by decreases in the fractions of sulfate formed by O3 and H2O2. There is little change, globally, in the fraction of tropospheric sulfate produced by gas-phase oxidation (from 23% to 27%). The model-calculated change in Δ17O(SO42–) since preindustrial times (1850 CE) is consistent with Arctic and Antarctic observations. The model simulates a 42% increase in the concentration of global mean tropospheric O3, a 10% decrease in OH, and a 58% increase in H2O2 between the preindustrial period and present. Model results indicate that the observed decrease in the Arctic Δ17O(SO42–) – in spite of increasing tropospheric O3 concentrations – can be explained by the combined effects of increased sulfate formation by O2 catalyzed by anthropogenic transition metals and increased cloud water acidity, rendering Δ17O(SO42–) insensitive to changing oxidant concentrations in the Arctic on this timescale. In Antarctica, the Δ17O(SO42–) is sensitive to relative changes of oxidant concentrations because cloud pH and metal emissions have not varied significantly in the Southern Hemisphere on this timescale, although the response of Δ17O(SO42–) to the modeled changes in oxidants is small. There is little net change in the Δ17O(SO42–) in Antarctica, in spite of increased O3, which can be explained by a compensatory effect from an even larger increase in H2O2. In the model, decreased oxidation by OH (due to lower OH concentrations) and O3 (due to higher H2O2 concentrations) results in little net change in Δ17O(SO42–) due to offsetting effects of Δ17O(OH) and Δ17O(O3). Additional model simulations are conducted to explore the sensitivity of the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate to uncertainties in the preindustrial emissions of oxidant precursors.
Sensitive and Specific Identification of Wild Type and Variant Proteins from 8 to 669 kDa Using Top-down Mass Spectrometry

Top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry methods can generate gas phase fragments and use these to identify proteins. Top-down methods, in addition, can provide the mass of the protein itself and therefore additional structural information. Despite the conceptual advantage of top-down methods, the market share advantage belongs to bottom-up methods as a result of their more robust sample preparation, fragmentation, and data processing methods. Here we report improved fragmentation and data processing methods for top-down mass spectrometry. Specifically we report the use of funnel-skimmer dissociation, a variation of nozzle-skimmer dissociation, and compare its performance with electron capture dissociation. We also debut BIG Mascot, an extended version of Mascot with incorporated top-down MS2 search ability and the first search engine that can perform both bottom-up and top-down searches. Using BIG Mascot, we demonstrated the ability to identify proteins 1) using only intact protein MS1, 2) using only MS2, and 3) using the combination of MS1 and MS2. We correctly identified proteins with a wide range of masses, including 13 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated variants of the protein Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, and extended the upper mass limit of top-down protein identification to 669 kDa by identifying thyroglobulin.
Competitive interaction between Microstegium vimineum and first-year seedlings of three central hardwoods1

Abstract We established an experiment designed to compare effects of Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass) on seedlings of three native hardwood species to investigate the hypothesis that competitive effects of M. vimineum on juvenile trees will vary across different tree species. Growth and survival of Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Quercus rubra first-year seedlings were compared in plots with and without M. vimineum in three planting beds under 50 percent shade. The tree species studied are abundant and of particular interest in the Central Hardwood Region. A. rubrum and L. tulipifera seedlings experienced reduced growth in several foliar characteristics in the presence of M. vimineum. Q. rubra did not exhibit any differences in foliar characteristics between plots with and without M. vimineum, however there was a reduction in Q. rubra stem weight as a result of the presence of M. vimineum. The differential responses of A. rubrum, L. tulipifera, and Q. rubra to the presence of M. vimin...
Thickening Agents Effects on Sodium Binding and Other Taste Qualities of Soup Systems

Low sodium chicken broth with NaCl added to provide Na + concentrations in typical reduced Na + soups (144 and 288 mg Na + /240 mL serving) was thickened with commonly used gum, starch, or flour food additives. Xanthan gum suppressed saltiness as the result of ionic binding of Na + , as determined by sensory evaluation and 23 Na NMR spectroscopy. Saltiness was affected by added NaCI (p = 0.0001), thickener (p < 0.01), and added NaCl * thickener (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with chicken and overall flavors (p = 0.0001). Cornstarch provided body, no suppression of salt taste, and the greatest salt enhancement of chicken and overall flavors. In complex food systems, temperature and other factors affected Na + binding as measured by NMR pointing to the need for a new model.
A reduced sufficient statistics tracking algorithm for infared images

The problem of tracking a target using a sequence of infrared (IR) images is addressed. A Bayes-closed estimation algorithm developed by Kulhavy (see International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing, vol.4, p.271-285, 1990) is shown to be well-suited to the IR tracking problem. Due to the form of the model for the radiation intensity pattern on the IR focal plane array, closed-form expressions are found for the reduced sufficient statistics (RSS) which are used to approximate the true posterior density in the Kulhavy algorithm. An estimate of the target state is then derived via a reconstruction formula from the RSS. For comparison, both a previously developed IR tracking algorithm based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the new RSS-based algorithm are used to track a target through a sequence of IR images. It is shown, that the RSS algorithm can maintain track in high velocity scenarios where the EKF diverges. >
PS1-03: A Culturally-tailored Weight-loss Intervention for Obese Mexican-American Women

Background/Aims Mexican-American women are at particularly high risk for obesity and associated comorbidities. This pilot study tested the feasibility of a culturally-tailored weight-loss intervention aimed at obese Spanish-speaking Mexican-American women.
Death by Arsenic: A Comparative Evaluation of Exhumed Body Tissues in the Presence of External Contamination

External contamination of hair or nails by Inorganic arsenc compounds cannot effectively be removed with H,O or dilute HCl. The usa of a modified Gutzelt apparatus allowed to establish or rule out external contamination. It was found that contaminated samples will generate large amounts of arslne gas when treated with Zn, KI, SnCI=, and dilute HCI In a Gutzeit arslne generator. Arsenic present In the sample due to metabolic deposition resulted in significant arsine formation only after digestion. In one chronic arsenic death, digestion Increased the liberated amount of arslne from nail by a factor of twenty. Direct examination of hair and nail from a female resulted in values near 100/~g As/g tissue even after washing with HCI and Had. Deep thigh muscle and spinal cord released arelne only after digestion. Control hair soaked in a NaAsO= solution, washed and dried, bound 775/~g of As/g.
Submicron area NbN/MgO/NbN tunnel junctions for SIS mixer applications

The development of submicron area mixer elements for operation in the submillimeter wave range is discussed. High-current-density NbN/MgO/NbN tunnel junctions with areas down to 0.1 mu m/sup 2/ have been fabricated in both planar and edge geometries. The planar junctions were fabricated from in situ deposited trilayers using electron-beam lithography to pattern submicron area mesas. Modifications of fabrication techniques used in larger-area NbN tunnel junctions are required and are discussed. The NbN/MgO/NbN edge junction process using sapphire substrates has been transferred to technologically important quartz substrates using MgO buffer layers to minimize substrate interactions. The two junction geometries are compared and contrasted in the context of submillimeter wave mixer applications.
Impacts, Perceptions, and Management of Shoreline Hazards and Water Levels on a Fluctuating Reservoir: A Case Study of the Winnebago System, Wisconsin

ABSTRACT This paper provides the results of a mail survey of 872 residential property owners along the shorelines of the Winnebago System, Wisconsin that determined their hazard experiences, adjustments, and management preferences in regards to fluctuating water levels. While half of the respondents were aware of hazard potentials prior to purchase, properties have been impacted by a range of shoreline hazards from flooding (27%) to high water levels (54%). Principally caused by a combination of storm-driven waves and high water levels, hazard damages are hazard-specific, and tend to relate to either the shoreline directly (e.g. loss of beach, lawn and garden damage) or to structures directly on the shoreline (e.g. shore protection or docks). Similar to other systems, many residents have resorted to structural hazard adjustments, generally as a response to erosion or high water levels. The majority of property owners indicated a preference for water level regulation to reduce shoreline hazards. However, t...
Intelligence: Is It the Epidemiologists' Elusive "Fundamental Cause" of Social Class Inequalities in Health?

Virtually all indicators of physical health and mental competence favor persons of higher socioeconomic status (SES). Conventional theories in the social sciences assume that the material disadvantages of lower SES are primarily responsible for these inequalities, either directly or by inducing psychosocial harm. These theories cannot explain, however, why the relation between SES and health outcomes (knowledge, behavior, morbidity, and mortality) is not only remarkably general across time, place, disease, and kind of health system but also so finely graded up the entire SES continuum. Epidemiologists have therefore posited, but not yet identified, a more general "fundamental cause" of health inequalities. This article concatenates various bodies of evidence to demonstrate that differences in general intelligence (g) may be that fundamental cause.
Control of large-scale dynamic systems by aggregation

A method is proposed to obtain a model of a dynamic system with a state vector of high dimension. The model is derived by "aggregating" the original system state vector into a lower-dimensional vector. Some properties of the aggregation method are investigated in the paper. The concept of aggregation, a generalization of that of projection, is related to that of state vector partition and is useful not only in building a model of reduced dimension, but also in unifying several topics in the control theory such as regulators with incomplete state feedback, characteristic value computations, model controls, and bounds on the solution of the matrix Riccati equations, etc. Using the quantitative definition of weak coupling proposed by Milne, a suboptimal control policy for the weakly coupled system is derived. Questions of performance degradation and of stability of such suboptimally controlled systems are also answered in the paper.
The Essence of Religious Experience in Islam

The title evidently presupposes that an essence of religious experience exists and that such an essence is knowable. Otherwise, the effort to discover such essence and to establish it for the understanding would be vain and futile. On this account, no statement about the essence of religious experience in Islam or any other religion can afford to overlook these methodological assumptions, or fail to establish them critically. Moreover, it is quite conceivable that some religions would granted they have an essence regard its critical establishment for the understanding as irreligious or even necessarily false. For the investigator to flout such attitude on the part of the religion in question is to commit the reductionist fallacy and hence to vitiate his own findings. This cannot be avoided unless the religion itself blesses the attempt, that is to say, unless it admits readily and unequivocally that it has an essence and that this essence is knowable. Three questions therefore mustt be answered in the positive before we proceed to our task; namely: Does the Islamic religious experience have an essence? Is it critically knowable? Does its critical establishment violate any constituent element of that experience? To my knowledge, no Muslim thinker has ever denied that his religion has an essence. Granted that the question itself is a modern question and that the thinkers of the Middle Ages did not raise it in the manner we do today, we can still say with certainty that for all of them, Islam was religion, religion par excellence, indeed "the religion"; that it was a coherent, autonomous system of truths about reality, of imperatives for action and of desiderata for all kinds and levels of human activity. All of them affirmed that at the center of
Lightning Protection of Buildings

Extending initial work on this subject, which developed the circular-sided conical zone of protection below and around grounded high objects, the interrelationship between stroke current magnitude and radius of the sides of the cone is developed. Further, the minimum magnitude of stroke current which is likely to be damaging to structures is determined to be approximately 10 000 A for which the critical radius for 99.5 percent protection is 150 ft (45 m).
Airflow and Heat Transfer in a Room With a Large Opening

Natural ventilation is an effective method to save energy required to condition buildings and to improve indoor air quality. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to model single-sided buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in a single room with a heater and door. The velocity and temperature profiles at the doorway agreed fairly well with published literature that includes an experimental [1] and numerical study [2]. The CFD models predicted the neutral level with a difference of 1.5 % compared to experimental results. Using solutions at the doorway, heat transfer rates were calculated. More realistic situations were modeled by considering conduction through walls. The heat loss through the wall was measured and the solutions at the doorway were compared to the case with an adiabatic wall condition. The effect of heat transfer coefficients and the ambient temperature on heat loss through wall, room temperature, and airflow in the room were studied.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Microencapsulation of isocyanates for self-healing polymers

Microcapsules containing reactive diisocyanate for use in self-healing polymers are successfully fabricated via interfacial polymerization of polyurethane (PU). Isocyanates are potential catalyst-free healing agents for use in humid or wet environments. The preparation of PU prepolymer and microencapsulation of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) healing agent are presented. Smooth spherical microcapsules of 40-400 µ mi n diameter are produced by controlling agitation rate (500-1500 rpm) according to a power law relation (n ) -2.24). The PU shell wall thickness varies linearly with capsule diameter, such that the capsules wall thickness to diameter ratio is constant (∼0.05). High yields (∼70%) of a free-flowing powder of IPDI/PU capsules are produced with a liquid core content of 70 wt % as determined by TGA analysis. The microcapsules are stable with only ∼10 wt % loss of IPDI detected after 6 months storage under ambient conditions. Direct mechanical compression testing of microcapsules reveals a brittle fracture mode and normalized shell wall strength that varies with capsule diameter in a power law fashion (n )- 0.77).
Ghrelin Receptor Regulates Appetite and Satiety during Aging in Mice by Regulating Meal Frequency and Portion Size but Not Total Food Intake

Aging is often associated with overweight and obesity. There exists a long-standing debate about whether meal pattern also contributes to the development of obesity. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin regulates appetite and satiety by activating its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). In mice, circulating ghrelin concentrations and brain GHS-R expression were shown to increase with aging. To assess whether GHS-R regulates feeding pattern during aging, we studied meal patterns for the following cohorts of male mice fed a normal unpurified diet: 1) 3‐4 mo, young wild-type (WT) mice; 2) 3‐4 mo, young Ghsr-null (Ghsr 2/2 )m ice;3) 12‐14 mo, middle-aged WT (WT-M) mice; 4) 12‐14 mo, middle-aged Ghsr 2/2 (Ghsr 2/2 -M) mice; 5) 24‐26 mo, old WT (WT-O) mice; and6) 24‐26 mo, old Ghsr 2/2 (Ghsr 2/2 -O) mice. Although the total daily food intake of Ghsr 2/2 mice was similar to that of WT controls, Ghsr 2/2 -M and Ghsr 2/2 -O mice had 9% (P = 0.07) and 16% (P < 0.05) less body weight compared with WT-M and WT-O mice, respectively, primarily due to reduced fat mass (P < 0.05, WT-M vs. Ghsr 2/2 -M and WT-O vs.Ghsr 2/2 -O). Intriguingly, Ghsr 2/2 -M mice ate larger meals (on average, Ghsr 2/2 -M mice ate 0.117 g/meal and WT-M mice ate 0.080 g/meal; P< 0.01) and took a longer time to eat (Ghsr 2/2 -M, 196.0 s and WT-M, 128.9 s; P< 0.01), but ate less frequently (Ghsr 2/2 -M, 31.0 times/d and WT-M, 42.3 times/d; P < 0.05) than WT-M controls. In addition, we found that expression of hypothalamic orexigenic peptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), was relatively lower in aged WT mice (P =0 .09 forNPY and P =0 .06 forAgRP), but anorexic peptide pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression remained unchanged between the WT age groups. Interestingly, old Ghsr 2/2 mice had greater hypothalamic NPY expression (102% higher; P<0.05)and AgRP expression (P = 0.07) but significantly lower POMC expression (P < 0.05) when compared with age-matched WT-O controls. Thus, our results indicate that GHS-R plays an important role in the regulation of meal pattern and that GHS-R ablation may modulate feeding behavior through the regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Our results collectively suggest that ghrelin receptor antagonism may have a beneficial effect on metabolism during aging. J. Nutr. 144: 1349‐1355, 2014.
Salicided source/drain considerations on UTF SIMOX

Integration of the salicide process with ultrathin film (UFT) SOI (silicon-on-insulator) requires consideration of concerns relating to the limited amount of silicon in the source/drain regions. With improper source/drain doping strategies a resistive Schottky diode characteristic may result, providing severely limited gate drive. This effect can be modeled in PISCES-2B. Comparisons between hardware and simulation on salicided and nonsalicided devices are presented along with a variety of source/drain designs intended to avoid the formation of this device series resistance component. Analysis of the simulations indicated that the series resistance is caused by current crowding at the source edge, since the Schottky diode is reverse-biased and unable to participate in electron injection. This problem becomes more severe at reduced silicon thicknesses. >
Perfusion MR imaging: Evolution from initial development to functional studies

A critical indicator of tissue viability and function is blood delivery to the capillary bed (referred to as perfusion or tissue/capillary blood flow), so the measurement of this process has been pursued by many MR scientists. Perfusion MRI is currently an effective tool to non-invasively quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) and to easily obtain its relative change due to neural activity or other stimulus. This article describes the author's experiences in perfusion MRI over the past quarter-century, including initial development of the field, development of a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) MRI technique, development of a functional oxygen consumption MRI measurement approach, validation of the FAIR technique, characterization of perfusion changes induced by neural activity, and determination of arterial blood volume.
PP05.7 – 2639: Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS): The role of brain MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in diagnosis

Introduction Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements and progressive scoliosis. It is caused by mutations in ROBO3, which plays an important role in midline crossing of selected axonal paths during embryonic stages. Patients A 12-year-old girl was referred with abnormal head movements and thoracolumbar scoliosis. Parents were first cousins. Her parents recognized abnormal eye movements and head titubation and progressive scoliosis, at the age of 1 y, and 7 y respectively. Physical examination revealed mild intellectual disability (ID), nystagmus, horizontal gaze palsy, head titubation and thoracolumbar scoliosis. A 4-year-old sister had scoliosis and titubation after the age of 2 years. She was born at term with a birth-weight of 3000 g via C/S due to breech presentation. She had developmental delay and unsteady gait. Physical examination revealed mild ID, bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, in toeing and scoliosis. MRI showed hypoplasia of the brainstem with a so called “butterfly” medulla oblongata and midsagittal cleft extending ventrally from the 4th ventricle, called as “split pons”. Along with the history and physical examination findings, this characteristic appearance led us to the diagnosis of HGPPS. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography obtained at 3T with 30 gradient encoding directions depicted absence of decussation of brainstem tracts. In this presentation, we aim to document neurologic and high-resolution MRI and DTI/fiber tractography findings of these siblings with HGPPS, a very rare, but also diagnosed straightforward disease. Robo3 mutation analysis is pending. Conclusion Recognizing typical neuroimaging pattern combined with the clinical picture characterized by gaze palsy and scoliosis are clues to consider HGPPS and Robo3 mutations. The age at presentation of scoliosis and severity differ in two siblings reflecting intra-familial clinical variability in this novel clinical entity.