cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Graduate Major from Cognitive and Self-Report Test Scores Obtained during the High School Years:

Using information from Project TALENT's 11-yr. follow-up (Wise, et al., 1979), 8 graduate major groups were formed for males, 6 for females. Three of the female groups were supplemented by undergraduate majors to increase sample size. Descriptive canonical discriminant analyses were conducted in each sex, high school grade, and separate sets of cognitive and self-report predictors that were administered in high school. Finally, analyses of the combined predictors were conducted in both sexes for the 9th grade only. Two to four canonical discriminants were retained for interpretation on two criteria: lambda probabilities and size of eigenvalues. Discrimination among groups is more effective in males than in females and in later than in earlier grades. Self-report tests discriminate more effectively among graduate major groups than cognitive ones in the cognitively restricted range of talent. Gains in differentiating among groups from adding cognitive to self-report predictors in the 9th grade are relativel...
Hox11 genes are required for regional patterning and integration of muscle, tendon and bone

Development of the musculoskeletal system requires precise integration of muscles, tendons and bones. The molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of each of these tissues have been the focus of significant research; however, much less is known about how these tissues are integrated into a functional unit appropriate for each body position and role. Previous reports have demonstrated crucial roles for Hox genes in patterning the axial and limb skeleton. Loss of Hox11 paralogous gene function results in dramatic malformation of limb zeugopod skeletal elements, the radius/ulna and tibia/fibula, as well as transformation of the sacral region to a lumbar phenotype. Utilizing a Hoxa11eGFP knock-in allele, we show that Hox11 genes are expressed in the connective tissue fibroblasts of the outer perichondrium, tendons and muscle connective tissue of the zeugopod region throughout all stages of development. Hox11 genes are not expressed in differentiated cartilage or bone, or in vascular or muscle cells in these regions. Loss of Hox11 genes disrupts regional muscle and tendon patterning of the limb in addition to affecting skeletal patterning. The tendon and muscle defects in Hox11 mutants are independent of skeletal patterning events as disruption of tendon and muscle patterning is observed in Hox11 compound mutants that do not have a skeletal phenotype. Thus, Hox genes are not simply regulators of skeletal morphology as previously thought, but are key factors that regulate regional patterning and integration of the musculoskeletal system.
Distribution of protein kinase C isoforms in the cat retina.

Immunocytochemical localization was carried out for five isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cat retina. In common with other mammalian species, PKCα was found in rod bipolar cells. Staining was also seen in a small population of cone bipolar cells with axon terminals ramifying near the middle of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). PKCβI was localized to rod bipolar cells, one class of cone bipolar cell, and numerous amacrine and displaced amacrine cells. Staining for PKCβII was seen in three types of cone bipolar cells as well as in amacrine and ganglion cells. Immunoreactivity for both PKCe and PKCζ was found in rod bipolar cells; PKCe was also seen in a population of cone bipolar cells and a few amacrine and ganglion cells whereas PKCζ was found in all ganglion cells. Double-label immunofluorescence studies showed that dendrites of the two PKCβII-positive OFF-cone bipolar cells exhibit immmunoreactivity for the kainate-selective glutamate receptor GluR5. The third PKCβII cone bipolar is an ON-type cell and did not stain for GluR5. The retinal distribution of these isoforms of PKC is consistent with a role in modulation of various aspects of neurotransmission including synaptic vesicle release and regulation of receptor molecules.
Synthesis and antimalarial activities of several fluorinated artemisinin derivatives

The carbonyl groups in several artemisinin derivatives were converted into geminal difluorinated compounds on treatment with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride. A number of other mono- and polyfluorinated artemisinin derivatives were prepared. Their in vitro antimalarial activities were all equal to or greater than the nonfluorinated analogs or precursors.
Predictors of Obesity in Latino Children: Acculturation as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index Percentile

As Latino children acculturate to the United States, they are at risk for excess weight gain. Existing literature suggests that higher levels of food insecurity may predict obesity, but the role of acculturation is not well understood. Latino children ages 2–17 of both immigrant and non-immigrant parents (n = 63) were recruited from a primary care clinic serving low income families. Child anthropometric measures, and parent acculturation and food insecurity measures were collected via self-administered questionnaires. Over 63% of the patients were either overweight or obese according to criteria established by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Regression analysis revealed acculturation as a significant moderating variable between food insecurity and BMI percentile, F(5,12) = 4.836, P = .017, R 2 = .707 in children of Latino immigrants. The identification of this relationship may serve to facilitate in the development of future weight-gain prevention interventions in primary care settings within Latino immigrant populations.
Sleep patterns in the ‘locked-in’ syndrome

Sleep patterns in two chronically "locked-in" patients were studied. The first patient had sleep activity similar to other quadriparetic patients with reduced physical activity. The second patient experienced no REM sleep and only short bursts of non-REM sleep. Clinical evidence suggested extension of his lesion dorsally into the pontine tegmentum. This correlates well with experimental evidence indicating that structures in the tegmental area are essential for normal sleep.
A pilot study of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) in non-treatment seeking smokers with HIV

Introduction PLHIV have higher rates of smoking and lower motivation to quit smoking; thus to impact smoking rates, cessation interventions need to be acceptable to a wider range of PLHIV smokers as well as feasible to implement in a busy clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) model in an HIV/AIDS clinic among a sample of PLHIV.
Viral RNA as a potential target for two independent mechanisms of replicase-mediated resistance against cucumber mosaic virus

Abstract Transgenic tobacco showing replicase-mediated resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) can be infected by the strain K-CMV. By use of chimeric constructs between full-length cDNA clones of RNA2 of strains Fny-CMV and K-CMV, the existence of two independent mechanisms of replicase-mediated resistance against viral replication and movement of Fny-CMV was demonstrated in these plants. The data indicate that viral RNA may serve as the target for both mechanisms of resistance. A positive correlation was observed between the amount of K-CMV RNA2 sequence present in the chimeric constructs and the ability to overcome the inhibition of replication, whereas a sequence domain was delimited in K-CMV RNA2 responsible for theability of this strain to break resistance against virus movement.
Rat surgery board.

Our microsurgery laboratory needed a number of surgical rat boards, and considering the expense of the ones already on the market, we decided to make our own. A 14 in x 10 in board was cut from a large Plexiglas sheet. Suction cups with metal hooks were used to hold the rat in place. We found this board to be less expensive and also very versatile.
An explicit finite element model to study the influence of rake angle and friction during orthogonal metal cutting

A fundamental understanding of the tribology aspects of machining processes is essential for increasing the dimensional accuracy and surface integrity of finished products. To this end, the present investigation simulates an orthogonal metal cutting using an explicit finite element code, LS-DYNA. In the simulations, a rigid cutting tool of variable rake angle was moved at different velocities against an aluminum workpiece. A damage material model was utilized for the workpiece to capture the chip separation behavior and the simultaneous breakage of the chip into multiple fragments. The friction factor at the cutting tool–workpiece interface was varied through a contact model to predict cutting forces and dynamic chip formation. Overall, the results showed that the explicit finite element is a powerful tool for simulating metal cutting and discontinuous chip formation. The separation of the chip from the workpiece was accurately predicted. Numerical results found that rake angle and friction factor have a significantly influence on the discontinuous chip formation process, chip morphology, chip size, and cutting forces when compared to the cutting velocity during metal cutting. The model was validated against the experimental and numerical results obtained in the literature, and a good agreement with the current numerical results was found.
A Second Example of Anti-Lan

Summary. An antibody in the serum of a recently transfused woman has been shown to be an IgG anti-Lan, active in albumin and by the antiglobulin technique.
Adhesion between atomically flat metallic surfaces.

The study of adhesive interactions between atomically flat surfaces in close proximity requires that their separation be controlled and known to within a tenth of an angstrom. In some instances, however, two solids will display a structural instability of their surface layers as their separation approaches the bulk value. When this occurs, an abrupt transition, termed adhesive avalanche,'' from a geometry with two spatially distinct surfaces to a single homogeneous structure takes place as the surfaces are brought to within 1--2 A of their equilibrium bulk separation. The avalanche event is the result of a critical growth in the adhesive force gradient at each surface as their separation is reduced to a critical value. We have applied the embedded-atom method to examine this phenomenon for (001)- and (111)-oriented Ni, Cu, and Au surfaces. Both statics and dynamics of adhesion are considered, revealing that tensile stress waves are generated upon avalanche and eventually decay into heat due to the effects of dispersion and dissipation. These tensile waves are associated with a wavelike transmission of the adhesive force, caused by the occurrence of the avalanche event. The presence of avalanche events will cause difficulties in the interpretation of experimental studies of interfacialmore » forces.« less
Low-cost low-power uncooled a-Si-based micro infrared camera for unattended ground sensor applications

Low power and low cost are primary requirements for an imaging infrared camera used in unattended ground sensor arrays. In this paper, an amorphous silicon (a-Si) microbolometer-based uncooled infrared camera technology offering a low cost, low power solution to infrared surveillance for UGS applications is presented. A 15 X 31 micro infrared camera (MIRC) has been demonstrated which exhibits an f/1 noise equivalent temperature difference sensitivity approximately 67 mK. This sensitivity has been achieved without the use of a thermoelectric cooler for array temperature stabilization thereby significantly reducing the power requirements. The chopperless camera is capable of operating from snapshot mode (1 Hz) to video frame rate (30 Hz). Power consumption of 0.4 W without display, and 0.75 W with display, respectively, has been demonstrated at 30 Hz operation. The 15 X 31 camera demonstrated exhibits a 35 mm camera form factor employing a low cost f/1 singlet optic and LED display, as well as low cost vacuum packaging. A larger 120 X 160 version of the MIRC is also in development and will be discussed. The 120 X 160 MIRC exhibits a substantially smaller form factor and incorporates all the low cost, low power features demonstrated in the 15 X 31 MIRC prototype. In this paper, a-Si microbolometer technology for the MIRC will be presented. Also, the key features and performance parameters of the MIRC are presented.
Insights into the role of yeast eIF2A in IRES-mediated translation.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2A is a single polypeptide that acts to negatively regulate IRES-mediated translation during normal cellular conditions. We have found that eIF2A (encoded by YGR054w) abundance is reduced at both the mRNA and protein level during 6% ethanol stress (or 37°C heat shock) under conditions that mimic the diauxic shift in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, eIF2A protein is posttranslationally modified during ethanol stress. Unlike ethanol and heat shock stress, H2O2 and sorbitol treatment induce the loss of eIF2A mRNA, but not protein and without protein modification. To investigate the mechanism of eIF2A function we employed immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and identified an interaction between eIF2A and eEF1A. The interaction between eIF2A and eEF1A increases during ethanol stress, which correlates with an increase in IRES-mediated translation from the URE2 IRES element. These data suggest that eIF2A acts as a switch to regulate IRES-mediated translation, and eEF1A may be an important mediator of translational activation during ethanol stress.
EVALUATING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE BY THE SQUEEZING FLOW METHOD

We adapted the squeezing flow technique to make compression and relaxation tests on Mozzarella cheese at temperatures ranging from 30 to 60C during one month of refrigerated storage. The deformability modulus of the cheese decreased with aging and temperature but increased with deformation rate. The average decrease in the deformability modulus was 0. 4 kPa/day and 0.5 kPa/C. Relaxation data also indicated a continuous increase in viscous character of mozzarella with aging and temperature. Apparent relaxation time was less than 10 s. Relaxation parameters showed a strong temperature dependency in the range of 10-60C. Lubricated squeezing flow data showed that the resistance of Mozzarella to flow decreased with aging and temperature indicating an increased meltability.
Bank capital requirements and the monetary transmission mechanism

Abstract This paper examines the fundamental effects of bank capital requirements on the loan transmission mechanism and the scale and mix of bank deposit liabilities and equity. We focus on the role of short- and long-run adjustments, in which the driving “fundamentals” for the banking sector are the risk-free interest rate determined by monetary policy makers, term-structure risk, the riskiness of non-bank debt, and the cost structure of banks. Within this framework, we show that risk-based capital standards change basic short- and long-run loan-market outcomes, relative to the outcomes under either non-risk-based capital standards or no capital requirements. Moreover, we show that non-risk-based standards primarily influence the structure of bank liabilities.
Locally Optimal Control of Quantum Systems with Strong Feedback

For quantum systems with high purity, we find all observables that, when continuously monitored, maximize the instantaneous reduction in the average linear entropy. This allows us to obtain all locally optimal feedback protocols with strong feedback, and explicit expressions for the best such protocols for systems of size $N\ensuremath{\le}4$. We also show that for a qutrit the locally optimal protocol is the optimal protocol for observables with equispaced eigenvalues, providing the first fully optimal feedback protocol for a 3-state system.
Relationship between pain sensitivity and resting arterial blood pressure in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders

OBJECTIVE Patients experiencing temporomandibular disorders (TMD) show greater sensitivity to painful stimuli than age- and gender-matched control subjects. This enhanced pain sensitivity may result, at least in part, from an alteration in pain regulatory systems that are influenced by resting arterial blood pressure. In this study, we examined the relationship between resting systolic blood pressure and pain perception in 64 female TMD and 23 age-matched pain-free female subjects. METHOD Resting arterial blood pressure and measures of thermal and ischemic pain threshold and tolerance were determined for each participant. Subjective ratings of thermal pain evoked by suprathreshold noxious thermal stimuli (45-49 degrees C) using a magnitude matching procedure were also obtained for both groups. RESULTS TMD patients had lower thermal and ischemic pain thresholds and tolerances than pain-free subjects (ps < .05). Both groups provided equivalent intensity ratings to suprathreshold noxious thermal stimuli. A median split of each group based on resting systolic blood pressure revealed an influence of blood pressure on both thermal and ischemic pain perception for the Pain-Free group. The Pain-Free high resting blood pressure subgroup had higher thermal pain tolerances, higher ischemic pain thresholds, and provided lower magnitude estimates of the intensity of graded heat pulses compared with the Pain-Free low blood pressure subgroup. A trend toward a significant effect of blood pressure level on ischemic pain tolerance was also observed for the Pain-Free group. In contrast to the Pain-Free group, blood pressure level did not influence ischemic or thermal pain perception for TMD patients. Similar to the lack of effect of resting blood pressure on experimental pain perception in TMD patients, resting blood pressure was not related to measures of clinical orofacial pain in TMD patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm our previous findings that TMD patients are more sensitive to noxious stimuli and suggest that painful TMD may result, at least in part, from an impairment in central pain regulatory systems that are influenced by resting arterial blood pressure.
Design and Analysis of a New Accessory Gearbox Housing for a Gas Turbine Engine

Accessory Gearbox (AGB) Housing is one of the most critical components of a gas turbine engine that lies between the core engine & the aircraft. The function of the AGB Housing is to provide support for the gear drive assembly that transfers power from the engine to the engine accessories and to the power takeoff drive for the aircraft accessories. The housing also functions as an oil tight container and passageway for lubrication. In addition, the AGB housing provides mount points to attach engine/aircraft support accessories, including the engine mount points to the aircraft. The complexity in predicting AGB housing behavior under the gear loading, engine loading and engine induced vibration is one of the main challenges of designing a new gearbox with minimum weight. To address these issues, the current paper presents for the first time the design-analysis of a new lightweight AGB housing for a turboshaft engine, based on the following three major requirements: i) gear bearing pads strength & stiffness capability, ii) AGB mount pads (for accessories and for engine) load carrying capability, and, iii) vibratory response (mainly high cycle fatigue (HCF) response) of the AGB housing. A 3-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of the AGB housing was developed using the proposed initial design. Various design modifications, involving several interrelated, iterative steps, were then carried out by adjusting and modifying the housing wall thickness, placement & sizes of internal ribs and external gussets, including additional geometric modifications to satisfy the design objectives. The result is a robust, lightweight AGB housing design, eliminating the need for some of the required testing for the qualification of the new gearbox, indicating a significant cost savings. This paper also discusses in detail the methodology for the gear bearing pad strength/stiffness calculation, the FEA modeling techniques for the application of mount loads and gear bearing loads under operating & flight maneuver conditions, and, a methodology for addressing a combined HCF & LCF (Low Cycle Fatigue) response of the housing.© 2011 ASME
D-161, a novel pyran-based triple monoamine transporter blocker: Behavioral pharmacological evidence for antidepressant-like action

Deficiency in dopaminergic activity has been linked to a depressed state in pharmacological and clinical studies. Current pharmacological treatment for depression primarily involves modulation of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems but not dopaminergic neurotransmission. Available pharmacotherapy for depression has a number of drawbacks as a significant number of people are either refractory or develop tolerance to the antidepressant agents resulting in relapse. Furthermore, the slow onset of action of current therapies often poses a challenge for effective treatment. In our effort to develop novel molecules impacting all three above mentioned monoamine systems, we discovered structurally unique pyran derivatives with various profiles in inhibiting monoamine transporters. One of our lead molecules, D-161 exhibited triple monoamine transporter inhibitory activity with the highest affinity for norepinephrine transporter (NET) followed by its affinity for serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT). D-161 exhibited potent activity in reducing immobility significantly in the rat forced swim test as well as in the mouse tail suspension test. Moreover, results from locomotor activity tests indicated that the reduction of immobility by D-161 was not due to motor activation as no significant motor activation was observed when the rats were subjected to the same doses of drug under the same conditions as in the forced swim test. These results suggest that the novel asymmetric pyran derivative D-161 with unique molecular structure exhibiting triple monoamine transporter inhibitory activity could possess potent antidepressant activity.
Somatosensory evoked potentials in a patient with a cervical glioma and syrinx

Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were obtained in a 61-year-old patient with a cervical spinal cord glioma extending from C3 to C7. SSEPs in response to tibial nerve stimulation were normal; however, all components of the median nerve responses were markedly abnormal bilaterally (except for normal brachial plexus responses). This selective abnormality of median nerve SSEPs has not been reported previously in a patient with cervical cord tumor associated with a syrinx and illustrates the use of the SSEP in the anatomical localization of the lesion.
Phylogeny of families in the Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia): importance of the fossil record

The Triassic fossil record points to the monophyly of the Pectinoidea (scallops), all members of which have a triangular resilium with a nonmineralized medial core that functions below the hinge line. The elastic properties of this resilium in extant taxa predict that the initial adaptation of the Pectinoidea was to swimming. This is indeed corroborated by the shell form of Pernopecten, the earliest known pectinoidean genus, which ranged from late Devonian to earliest Triassic. The new family Entolioididae, a largely Triassic group, provides the missing link between the Pernopectinidae and the families Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, and Pectinidae, all of which originated by the Middle Triassic and survive to the present day. A new Triassic genus Filamussium shows that the Propeamussiidae originated from the Entolioididae, not directly from the Pernopectinidae as previously supposed. Evidence from morphology, the fossil record, and molecular genetics indicates that the family Spondylidae originated in the Middle Jurassic from an ancestor within the Pectinidae, possibly the genus Spondylopecten, which was already present in the Late Triassic. Journal compilation © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 148, 313–342. No claim to original US government works
ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF HN3 : THE H + N3 CHANNEL

Abstract The H+N 3 ( X 2 Π g ) channel in the ultraviolet photodissociation of HN 3 has been studied at 248.3 and 193.3 nm using the high- n Rydberg H-atom time-of-flight technique. In 248.3 nm photodissociation, center-of-mass translational energy distribution reveals a propensity toward product translation (〈 f trans 〉=0.71) and N 3 bending and symmetric stretching excitation. An anisotropic product angular distribution ( β ≈−0.8) indicates a perpendicular electronic transition and rapid dissociation on the excited-state surface. H–N bond energy is estimated: D 0 (H–N 3 )⩽88.7±0.5 kcal/mol. At 193.3 nm, 〈 f trans 〉 is smaller and product angular distribution is energy-dependent, suggesting multiple dissociation pathways via different electronic states.
Writing up clinical research: a statistician's view.

Many introduction sections make some general comments about the disease (“rheumatoid arthritis affects 1.3 million American adults”), and then about an intervention or marker (“rheumatoid factor is associated with disease severity”), ending with an imprecise overall study objective (“we aimed to explore the relationship between rheumatoid factor and outcome in patients on disease modifying agents”). Instead, the introduction should consist of a clear, step-by-step argument leading to a specific study hypothesis. This argument can often be usefully written out in bullet point form first. For example: a) disease modifying agents are effective for rheumatoid arthritis; b) response is inadequate in many patients; c) in current practice, pain scores are monitored for some time before a decision is made to change treatments; d) were a marker to be available that could predict treatment response early, this would allow patients to switch treatments decreasing toxicity and improving effectiveness; e) rheumatoid factor is known to be associated with disease severity; f) it is plausible that an early measure of rheumatoid factor could predict treatment response. This argument compels the reader to ask the study question.
Probing signal design for seismic landmine detection

This paper addresses the design of time-domain signals for use as seismic excitations in a system that images buried landmines. The goal of the design is the selection of a signal that provides sufficient contrast for the post-processed landmine image in the shortest possible measurement time. Although the goal is relatively straightforward and the problem appears similar to one of system identification for a linear time invariant (LTI) system, practical implementation of many commonly accepted approaches to the system-identification problem has proven difficult. The reason for this is that the system under consideration exhibits observable nonlinearity over the entire range of drive levels that are of interest. The problem is therefore constrained by the requirement that nonlinear effects be tolerable rather than imperceptible (i.e. that the nonlinearity be sufficiently weak that the system can be reasonably characterized as linear). Several candidate signal types that have been shown to offer good noise immunity for the LTI system identification problem were considered. These included circular chirps, binary-sequence-based (BSB) signals, and numerically optimized randomly seeded multisines. Based on purely experimental figures of merit, circular chirps with flat amplitude and linearly swept frequency offered the best performance among the signals that were tested.
Emulsifying capacity of coconut proteins as a function of salt, phosphate, and temperature

Nitrogen solubilities of proteins in defatted coconut flour (CF) and coconut protein concentrate (CPC), prepared by ultrafiltration, were determined in water and 2% NaCl. The effect of temperature, disodium phosphate, and salt on emulsifying capacities (EC) of these products also were investigated by a model system. Between pH 4.0 and 5.0, nitrogen solubilities of CF and CPC in water were lower than those in salt solutions. In salt solutions, the nitrogen solubility was lowest at pH 1, and increased steadily as pH increased from 3.0 to 6.0. CF had higher EC values than CPC at all salt and phosphate levels. Additionally, increased phosphate level generally increased the EC at both salt levels, but these increases were not significant at 0.9% phosphate level as compared to the 0.7% phosphate level (P 0.05). However, EC decreased significantly with the addition of salt at all phosphate levels.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 induces efficient hematopoietic differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells in vitro.

A cell culture system consisting of mouse S17 stromal cells supplemented with cytokines was developed for hematopoietic differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic stem (ES) cells. The differentiated colonies that formed contained clusters of hematopoietic-like cells, as well as structures similar in appearance to embryonic blood islands. When this culture system was supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), the numbers of primary hematopoietic clusters increased by an average of 15 fold. The primary hematopoietic clusters containing clonogenic precursors (expandable hematopoietic clusters) increased by 18 fold. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that a substantial percentage of the hematopoietic-like cells were CD34+, with morphologic features of undifferentiated blast cells. Enrichment of the CD34+ cells was associated with enhanced stromal-dependent, cytokine-driven formation of cobblestone colonies on secondary plating. The hematopoietic identity of the precursors was further indicated by their expression of genes associated with hematopoietic differentiation, as well as morphologic assessments that showed erythroid and myeloid lineages among the progeny cells. In addition, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction analysis of BMP-4–treated rhesus monkey ES cells demonstrated an up-regulation of early-expressed genes responsible for embryonic hematopoiesis and angiogenesis during the first 7 days of culture. These observations suggest that embryonic mesoderm regulatory protein may mimic physiologic signals that are required for the onset of embryonic hematopoiesis and stem cell formation in rhesus monkey ES cells.
Children's Self-Concept and Perception of Parents' Behavior.

Summary This study includes both parents in an extension of previous research on parent-child interactions in relation to self-concept development. Fifth- and sixth-grade children (N = 172) were administered the Piers Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and the Child's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (shortened version). Girls rated (a) both parents higher on Inconsistent Discipline than did boys and (b) fathers higher on Lax Discipline than did boys. Both boys' and girls' self-concept scores were significantly correlated with mother dimensions, Acceptance of Individuation (+), Hostile Control (-), and Inconsistent Discipline (-), and with father dimensions, Control by Guilt (-) and Inconsistent Discipline (-). Girls' self-concept scores were significantly correlated with mothers' Intrusiveness (-), boys' with Acceptance of Individuation (+) and Hostile Control (-). Results for Inconsistent Discipline indicate the possible influence of parental controlling techniques on children's self-concept.
A new removable partial denture clasp assembly

Abstract A new clasp assembly is presented which incorporates desirable features of both the bar and the circumferential clasps. With this clasp assembly, the horizontal retentive arm and the vertical reciprocal component are designed to make simultaneous contact with their respective tooth surfaces during placement and removal of the prosthesis. With this balance, the potentially harmful “whiplash” affect of the retentive arm is avoided. Other advantages of this clasp assembly are (1) improved esthetics, (2) the survey line does not have to be followed in positioning the nonflexible two thirds of the retentive arm, (3) no special instrumentation is required to make lingual surfaces parallel to the path of insertion, (4) tooth contact is kept to a minimum, (5) there is no need to prepare broad parallel tooth surfaces to provide reciprocal contacts, and (6) only small contact areas on the lingual surfaces of the abutment teeth are required for parallelism with the path of insertion. Some disadvantages of the clasp assembly are (1) the potential of food traps on both the spaced, rigid two thirds of the horizontal retentive arm and the vertical reciprocal component, when well-defined undercuts are present on the abutment tooth and (2) the inability of the horizontal retentive arm to provide bracing.
Cell Migration and Programmed Cell Death of Drosophila Germ Cells

: Cell migration and programmed cell death are essential components of animal development and homeostasis, and the germ cells of Drosophila provide a simple genetic system to study the molecular mechanisms that govern these important cellular processes. Detailed descriptions of germ cell migration in Drosophila were accomplished long ago, but most genetic and molecular analyses of the process have occurred within the past 10 years. A few of the genes required for germ cell migration have been identified, and a very interesting picture is emerging. However, a process as complex as cell migration must involve the functions of many more molecules. In addition, cell migration and cell death mechanisms are often linked, as it is important to eliminate cells that are misplaced and could present a danger to the organism. In Drosophila, genes involved in germ cell migration can also affect programmed cell death. Currently, very little is known about how germ cells ectopic to the gonads are eliminated. To date, only four genes have been reported with roles in germ cell death, and three of these have additional functions in germ cell pathfinding. The nature of the cell death program has not been elucidated. Here, I provide a brief review of Drosophila germ cell migration and programmed cell death at both the descriptive and molecular levels. Many questions remain to be answered, but advances made in recent years are providing useful insights into these critical biological phenomena.
Error-correcting codes for byte-organized memory systems

Techniques are presented for the construction of error-correcting codes for semiconductor memory subsystems that are organized in a multibit-per-chip manner. These codes are capable of correcting all single-byte errors and detecting all double-byte errors, where a byte represents the number of bits that are fed from the same chip to the same codeword.
Geometry and evolution of salt structures in a marginal rift basin of the Gulf of Mexico, east Texas

The geometry and distribution of salt structures in the East Texas Basin, shown in an isometric block diagram, reveal that a minimum of ∼1,500 m of mid-Jurassic Louann Salt accumulated in a north-northeast–trending trough floored by thinned continental crust. Above a threshold thickness of ∼600 m, salt was mobilized by (1) loading beneath a carbonate wedge, (2) differential loading by prograding terrigenous clastics, and (3) basin-edge tilting and erosion. Salt structures evolved from salt pillows to active diapirs with maximum gross growth rates of 400 to 530 m/m.y.; each stage lasted 10 to 30 m.y. Three generations of diapirs were successively activated in different areas by different forces.
Normal-state resistivity diagnostic for high-T/sub c/ superconductors

A resistivity versus temperature ( rho -T) model that had been applied successfully to the Li/sub x/Ni/sub 1-x/O system has been extended to the La/sub 2-x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4/ and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ high-T/sub c/ systems by fitting rho -T data with quantitative accuracy. It may also serve as the basis for interpreting the varying slopes of multiphase superconductors. Calculated curves of a two-phase approximation fitted to reported experimental data show that the metallic slope ( delta rho / delta T>0 above T/sub c/) and the rho -axis intercept of the linear extrapolation are related to the electron hopping activation energy and carrier concentration and may also be used to estimate the volume ratio of effective superconducting phase to normal phase within a particular specimen. It is shown that normal phases cause increases in rho , but decreases in slope of rho (T)/ rho
A Membrane Proximal Domain of the Human Interleukin-3 Receptor βc Subunit That Signals DNA Synthesis in NIH 3T3 Cells Specifically Binds a Complex of Src and Janus Family Tyrosine Kinases and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

The high affinity human interleukin-3 receptor is a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and beta c subunit. The beta c subunit is responsible for receptor signal transduction. We have shown that a membrane proximal domain of the cytoplasmic tail of the human beta c subunit (amino acids 451-517) is minimally required for human IL-3 to signal DNA synthesis in quiescent transfected NIH 3T3 cells. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins of this 451-517 region and another region 451-562 that includes an acidic domain previously shown in other receptors to bind Src family kinases were constructed. Purified Lyn and Lck kinase, but not Fes, could phosphorylate tyrosines in both domains. Adsorption with lysates from the human IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cell line (TF-1) or 3T3 cells and in vitro phosphorylation showed that both these domains were intensely phosphorylated. Phosphoamino acid analysis, however, revealed that the majority of phosphorylation was on serine and threonine rather than tyrosine. Adsorption of these domains with 3T3 or TF-1 cell lysates, followed by immunoblotting, showed that cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases Lyn, Fes, and JAK-2 could also stably associate with both domains; however, Src family kinases are more strongly recognized by both regions than JAK-2 kinase. In addition, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase from cell lysates was also found stably associated with these domains, but GTPase activating protein, Vav, Sos1, or Grb2 were not.
Normalization of hyperhomocysteinemia improves cognitive deficits and ameliorates brain amyloidosis of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Hyperhomocysteine (HHcy) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we showed that diet-induced HHcy accelerated the AD-like phenotype of a transgenic mouse model, i.e., Tg2576. In the present work, we tested whether an HHcy-lowering strategy in this model would be beneficial. Tg2576 mice received methionine-rich or regular chow diet for 5 mo. Next, while the chow control group was kept on the same regimen, the other mice were randomized into two groups: one was kept on the methionine-rich diet (Met On), the other switched to chow (Met Off). Compared with controls, 5 mo on the methionine-rich diet resulted in HHcy (plasma Hcy level, treated: 12.7±1.2 μM vs. control: 3.1±0.4 μM) and significant behavioral impairments (% freezing, treated: 2.4±1.4% vs. control: 19.9±6.9%). At the end of the study, while the Met On group kept Hcy level elevated, the Met Off group had these values indistinguishable from the controls. The reduction in Hcy levels resulted in a significant improvement ...
An optimal auction with correlated values and risk aversion

Abstract We consider an auction setting where the buyers are risk averse with correlated private valuations (CARA preferences, binary types), and characterize the optimal mechanism for a risk-neutral seller. We show that the optimal auction extracts all buyer surplus whenever the correlation is sufficiently strong (greater than 1/3 in absolute value), no matter how risk averse the buyers are. In contrast, we note that a sufficiently risk-averse seller would not use a full rent extracting mechanism for any positive correlation of the valuations even if the buyers were risk neutral.
Asian-White disparities in short sleep duration by industry of employment and occupation in the US: a cross-sectional study

Background: Although short sleep is associated with an increased risk of morbidity as well as mortality and has been shown to vary by industry of employment and occupation, little is known about the relationship between work and sleep among Asian Americans. Methods: Using a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 125,610) in the National Health Interview Survey from 2004–2011, we estimated prevalence ratios for self-reported short sleep duration (<7 hours) in Asians compared to Whites by industry of employment and occupation using adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: Asians were more likely to report short sleep duration than Whites (33 vs. 28%, p < 0.001), and the AsianWhite disparity was widest in finance/information and healthcare industries. Compared to Whites after adjustments, short sleep was also more prevalent among Asians employed in Public administration (PR = 1.35 [95% CI: 1.17,1.56]), Education (PR = 1.29 [95% CI: 1.08,1.53]), and Professional/Management (PR = 1.18 [95% CI: 1.03,1.36]). Short sleep, however, was lower among Asians in Accommodation/Food (PR = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.66, 0.99]) with no difference in Retail. In professional and support-service occupations, short sleep was higher among Asians, but was not different among laborers. Conclusions: U.S. Asian-White disparities in short sleep varied by industries, suggesting a need to consider both race and occupational characteristics to identify high-risk individuals.
Lefties Get It “Right” When Hearing Tool Sounds

Our ability to manipulate and understand the use of a wide range of tools is a feature that sets humans apart from other animals. In right-handers, we previously reported that hearing hand-manipulated tool sounds preferentially activates a left hemisphere network of motor-related brain regions hypothesized to be related to handedness. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared cortical activation in strongly right-handed versus left-handed listeners categorizing tool sounds relative to animal vocalizations. Here we show that tool sounds preferentially evoke activity predominantly in the hemisphere “opposite” the dominant hand, in specific high-level motor-related and multisensory cortical regions, as determined by a separate task involving pantomiming tool-use gestures. This organization presumably reflects the idea that we typically learn the “meaning” of tool sounds in the context of using them with our dominant hand, such that the networks underlying motor imagery or action schemas may be recruited to facilitate recognition.
Very Large Amounts of Radiation are Required to Produce Cancer

The public fear of radiation is in part driven by the Linear No Threshold Hypothesis (LNTH), or the concept that each and every ionization increases the risk for cancer. Even if this were true, it is important to recognize that the increased risk is very small at low doses and cannot be detected. This paper demonstrates the large number of assumptions and extrapolations needed when using the LNTH to estimate low-dose cancer risk. The manuscript provides information at every level of biological organization suggesting that many of these linear assumptions do not hold. While the initial damage may be produced linearly with dose, the processing of that damage is very non-linear. Finally, the paper provides the unique prospective on radiation-induced cancer, demonstrating that it takes large amounts (total energy) of radiation delivered to large populations to detect an increase in cancer frequency. These observations are supported by both theoretical calculations and examples based on past human radiation exposure.
Evaluation of Reproductive Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows with Prostaglandin F2α, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Timed Artificial Insemination

Abstract Nine hundred and twenty Holstein cows from 16 commercial dairy herds to evaluate three systematic breeding protocols: 14-d PGF 2α , timed artificial insemination (AI), and GnRH-PGF 2α , relative to AI following estrus detection without hormone intervention. The timed AI protocol involved GnRH, followed by PGF 2α 7 d later and GnRH again 2 d after PGF 2α , with AI 6 to 18h after the second GnRH. The GnRH-PGF 2 protocol consisted of GnRH followed by PGF 2α 7 d later. Eight herds relied on visual observation to detect estrus, and eight herds utilized the HeatWatch estrus detection system. The average interval to first postpartum AI was shortest for the timed AI protocol (77.1 d) followed by the 14-d PGF 2α protocol (81.6 d). There was no difference in days to first AI between the control (86.1 d) and GnRH-PGF 2α (89.5 d) protocols. Percent pregnant per first AI did not differ among control (45.6%), 14-d PGF 2α (43.7%), or GnRH-PGF 2α (44.0%) protocols, but all protocols had a higher percent pregnant per first AI than the timed AI protocol (30.1%). Response to the GnRH-PGF 2α protocol was limited because 44.0% of the cows submitted to the protocol were not detected in estrus ≤10 d post-PGF 2α administration and had an interval to first AI of 103.8 d. Cumulative percent pregnant by 120 d postpartum did not differ between control cows (53.1%) and hormonally treated cows (50.6%). Visual observation herds had a shorter interval to first postpartum AI (82.8 d) than the HeatWatch herds (84.8 d), with a higher overall rate of estrus detection across all protocols (75.3 and 67.6%, respectively).
ALISA: adaptive learning image and signal analysis

Abstract AUSA (Adaptive Learning Image and Signal Analysis) is an adaptive statistical learning engine thatmay be used to detect and classify the surfaces and boundaries of objects in images. The engine hasbeen designed, implemented, and tested at both the George Washington University and the ResearchInstitute for Applied Knowledge Processing (FAW) in Ulm, Germany over the last nine years withmajor funding from Robert Bosch GmbH and Lockheed-Martin Corporation. The design of AUSAwas inspired by the multi-path cortical-column architecture and adaptive functions of the mammalian visual cortex. Based on training with a small number of exemplars, the AUSA Texture Module has demonstratedexcellent detection of anomalies and classification of textures in test images. Applications include thedetection of intruders in complex environments, the detection of vehicles in desert terrain, theidentification of defective motors from their acoustical signatures, the detection of aneurysms in MRI heart images, and the classification of benign and malignant cells in liver samples and mammograms.
An Algebraic Implementation of Packages

An implementation of packages is described. The implementation is based on viewing packages as substitutions. Using a few operations on packages it is possible to build any package, from a small collection of basic packages. Generic packages can be built, that can be used as building blocks for new packages. The packages defined by the model lend themselves well to algebraic manipulation.
Influence of Growth Period on Neps in Cotton

The interactions between picking dates, locations, and varieties were studied to evaluate the effect of growth period on neps in ginned lint, yarn, and fabric. Five harvest intervals were selected,...
HF Low-loss Nanosecond Variable Delay Line

A study has been completed for the Air Force Rome Air Development Center [l] to investigate HF and UHF delay lines that are low-loss and nanosecond variable. The delay line developed f-or the HF hand is described here. The design principles for the delay line are discussed and the construction details are given. The line cllaracteristics, including group delay, insertion loss, input impedance, power-handling capability, and intermodulation products, were measured.