cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gluconeogenesis in swine kidney proximal tubule cells

Proximal tubule cells were isolated from swine kidney and cultured for periods of more than 30 days. The cells formed confluent monolayers after plating on a collagen surface and they were passaged more than 5 times on this matrix. The cells maintain several metabolic functions of proximal tubule cells, including gluconeogenesis and the ability to respond to epinephrine and parathyroid hormone. Gluconeogenesis, a principal metabolic pathway in proximal tubule cells, was examined as a function of days in culture. The isolated cells showed a nearly constant rate of gluconeogenesis from 14C-lactate, 14C-alkaine and 14C-glycerol with no significant loss of activity for at least 30 days in culture. Likewise, the activities of several cytosolic and membrane associated enzymes including, alkaline phosphatase, δ-glutamyltransferase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphofructokinase were nearly constant over the same time period. The cells responded to treatment with epinephrine and parathyroid hormone, and the rate of gluconeogenesis from 14C-lactate doubled in the presence of these hormones. The morphological and biochemical evidence obtained in these studies show that the proximal tubule cells isolated from swine kidney provide an excellent well defined system for studying the hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in this tissue.
Pseudooctahedral complexes of vanadium(III): electronic structure investigation by magnetic and electronic spectroscopy.

A variety of physical methods has been used to probe the non-Kramers, S = 1, V(III) ion in two types of pseudooctahedral complexes: V(acac)3, where acac = anion of 2,4-pentanedione, and VX3(thf)3, where thf = tetrahydrofuran and X = Cl and Br. These methods include tunable frequency and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectroscopy (using frequencies of ∼95−700 GHz and fields up to 25 T) in conjunction with electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and variable-temperature variable-field MCD (VTVH-MCD) spectroscopies. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and field-dependent magnetization measurements were also performed. All measurements were conducted on complexes in the solid state (powder or mull samples). The field versus sub-THz wave quantum energy dependence of observed HFEPR resonances yielded the following spin Hamiltonian parameters for V(acac)3: D = +7.470(1) cm-1; E = +1.916(1) cm-1; gx = 1.833(4); gy = 1.72(2); gz = 2.03(2). For VCl3(thf)3, HFEPR det...
Physical Medicine Procedures Affect Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review

This article reviews the literature on the effectiveness of physical medicine procedures for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Brief descriptions of some commonly used dental appliances, and pharmacological and surgical treatment methods are provided.
INSPIRATION FROM THE LEGS

![Figure][1] How does the nervous system coordinate the control of different behaviors? For example, different rhythmic behaviors that normally function independently may need to work together under certain circumstances. One example of this phenomenon is the way that our respiratory rate
Ultrafast dynamics of flavins in five redox states

We report here our systematic studies of excited-state dynamics of two common flavin molecules, FMN and FAD, in five redox states--oxidized form, neutral and anionic semiquinones, and neutral and anionic fully reduced hydroquinones--in solution and in inert protein environments with femtosecond resolution. Using protein environments, we were able to stabilize two semiquinone radicals and thus observed their weak emission spectra. Significantly, we observed a strong correlation between their excited-state dynamics and the planarity of their flavin isoalloxazine ring. For a bent ring structure, we observed ultrafast dynamics from a few to hundreds of picoseconds and strong excitation-wavelength dependence of emission spectra, indicating deactivation during relaxation. A butterfly bending motion is invoked to get access to conical intersection(s) to facilitate deactivation. These states include the anionic semiquinone radical and fully reduced neutral and anionic hydroquinones in solution. In a planar configuration, flavins have a long lifetime of nanoseconds, except for the stacked conformation of FAD, where intramolecular electron transfer between the ring and the adenine moiety in 5-9 ps as well as subsequent charge recombination in 30-40 ps were observed. These observed distinct dynamics, controlled by the flavin ring flexibility, are fundamental to flavoenzyme's functions, as observed in photolyase with a planar structure to lengthen the lifetime to maximize DNA repair efficiency and in insect type 1 cryptochrome with a flexible structure to vary the excited-state deactivation to modulate the functional channel.
Extraretinal information about eye position during involuntary eye movement: Optokinetic afternystagmus

Despite importance for theories of perception, controversy exists as to whether information is available to the perceptual system about involuntary as well as voluntary eye movements. We measured the perceived direction of targets flashed briefly in an otherwise dark field during the primary phase of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN), an involuntary eye movement that persists in darkness following optokinetic stimulation. Perceived direction was measured by unseen pointing in one experiment and by pointing made under visual control in a second experiment. Pointing was essentially veridical in both experiments, indicating that accurate extraretinal information about eye position (presumably, as efference copy) exists for OKAN. Illusory motion of visual targets, which can occur during involuntary oculomotor responses, therefore cannot be attributed to a lack of efference-copy signals for such eye movements.
Embrittlement of 9Cr-1MoVNb and 12Cr-1MoVW steels irradiated in HFIR

Abstract Charpy impact specimens of 9Cr-1MoVNb and 12Cr-1MoVW steels and these steels with 2% Ni (9Cr-1MoVNb-2Ni and 12Cr-1MoVW-2Ni) were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at 300°C up to 34 dpa and at 400°C to 42 dpa. Nickel was added to study the simultaneous effect of displacement damage and transmutation helium on toughness. Displacement damage is produced by fast neutrons and helium is produced by the reaction of 58Ni with thermal neutrons in the mixed spectrum of HFIR. Irradiation caused large increases in the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of all four steels. The saturation in the shift in DBTT with fluence that has been observed in such steels irradiated in fast reactors does not apply to specimens irradiated in HFIR. Shifts in DBTT of over 300°C were observed at 400°C for 9Cr-1MoVW-2Ni and 12Cr-1MoVW-2Ni; shifts of over 200°C were observed for the standard steels. The shifts are the largest ever recorded for this type of steel and are attributed to the high helium concentrations (up to 400 appm).
Multicenter study on season of birth and celiac disease: evidence for a new theoretical model of pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate whether season of birth is associated with celiac disease (CD). Study design We performed a medical record review of 1964 patients with biopsy-proven CD at 3 teaching hospitals (2 pediatric centers and 1 adult center) between 2000 and 2010. The first positive small intestinal biopsy result defined age of diagnosis. The observed proportions of births in each season (spring [March-May], summer [June-August], fall [September-November], and winter [December-February]) were compared with the expected proportions using binomial probability tests. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 9.8 ± 5.0 years in the 2 pediatric centers and 43.6 ± 15.8 years in the adult center. The cohort was predominately female (69%). Overall, more patients were born in spring (27%) than in any other season: summer (25%), fall (25%), and winter (23%). In patients diagnosed before age 15 years, the spring birth excess was present in boys (33%; P = .0005), but not in girls (26%; P = .43). The sex difference in season of birth was less striking in patients with CD diagnosed at age ≥15 years. Conclusion Season of birth is an environmental risk factor for CD, particularly in boys diagnosed before age 15 years. The results are consistent with a new theoretical model that integrates potential environmental factors (eg, gluten introduction, ultraviolet-B exposure, vitamin D status) and acute viral gastrointestinal infections in early childhood.
Safety of Aquaflor-Medicated Feed to Sunshine Bass

Abstract Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% type A medicated article) is a relatively new antibiotic used in U.S. aquaculture and has been widely accepted as a safe and effective therapeutant. Some peer-reviewed studies have suggested that 15 mg florfenicol (FFC)·kg−1 body weight (BW)·d−1 for 10 d controls mortality to a greater extent than 10 mg FFC·kg−1 BW·d−1 for 10 d. This study evaluated the safety of Aquaflor to sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) when administered in feed at 15 (1× the maximum proposed therapeutic dose), 45 (3×), and 75 (5×) mg FFC·kg−1 BW·d−1 for 20 d (2× the currently approved 10-d treatment duration). The medicated feed was top-coated with Aquaflor and fed at 2% BW·d−1 divided equally between the morning and afternoon feedings. Juvenile sunshine bass (13.6 ± 1.6 g [mean ± SD]) were stocked into 100-L flow-through tanks at 20 fish per tank. Diets were randomly assigned to three replicate tanks per treatment; fish in three additional nonstudy...
Don't Let the Bastards See you Sweat: Masculinity, Public and Private Space, and the Volunteer Firehouse:

In this paper we examine the ways that traditional definitions of masculinity are challenged within the domestic space of the volunteer firehouse. Our aim is to blur the dichotomies of public–private, masculine–feminine, heroic–weak, and moral–immoral. By examining practices associated with being a volunteer firefighter we present deeper and expanded notions of what it means to be a man in this context. Volunteer firefighters create a private space within the firehouse that offers escape from the public demands of masculinity. It is within this space that they can receive and give comfort and experience bonding, friendship, and a deep sense of belonging by embracing emotions normally off limits to men, including self-disclosure, familiarity, and affection. Although acknowledging the masculine hegemony that constructs men's involvement in firefighting and the firehouse, we also highlight the emotional work done by men as they engage in their public and private firefighting roles.
Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity

Although many vertebrates can synthesize ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it is still unclear from the evolutionary perspective when the ability to synthesize the vitamin first appeared in the animal kingdom and how frequently the trait has been lost. We report here ascorbic acid biosynthesis ability in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) which represent the most ancient vertebrate lineage examined thus far for presence of gulonolactone oxidase, the enzyme catalyzing the terminal step in biosynthesis of vitamin C. This finding supports the view that the ancestors of living vertebrates were not scurvy prone and that the loss of gulonolactone oxidase activity subsequently occurred several times in vertebrate phylogeny. Adult sea lamprey allocate significant amounts of ascorbic acid to the gonads to guaranty high-quality gametes. Tissue stores of ascorbate were maintained by de novo synthesis (1.2–1.3 mg of ascorbic acid/300-g sea lamprey per day at 15°C) while sea lamprey fast during spawning migration. We estimate that the in vivo daily renewal rate of ascorbate is 4–5% of the whole-body ascorbate pool based on measurement of its biosynthesis and concentration in the whole animal.
A Thermotropic Main-Chain Random Copolyester Containing Flexible Spacers of Differing Lengths. 1. Synthesis and Characterization

A thermotropic main-chain random copolyester containing flexible spacers of differing lengths (hereafter referred to as PSHQ6-12) was synthesized, via condensation polymerization in solution, by first preparing 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (A), 4‘,4‘‘-bis(chloroformyl)-1,6-diphenoxyhexane (B6), and 4‘,4‘‘-bis(chloroformyl)-1,12-diphenoxydodecane (B12). Using differential scanning calorimetry we found that PSHQ6-12 exhibits only two thermal transitions: (i) a glass transition at ca. 90 °C and (ii) a nematic−isotropic transition at ca. 192 °C. The absence of crystalline structure in PSHQ6-12 at room temperature, which was also confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), is attributable to the lack of an orderly packed structure, which originated from the large differences in the length of CH2 units between monomer B6 having 6 CH2 units and monomer B12 having 12 CH2 units. That is, the coexistence of CH2 units of greatly differing lengths apparently prevented the crystallization of PSHQ6-12, fo...
Knuckle-walking hominid ancestors.

Richmond & Strait (2000) have attracted much attention with a recent morphometric analysis of distal radii of anthropoids and hominid fossils, suggesting some of the latter share knuckle-walking traits. Several aspects of their treatment deserve comment. These authors show A.L. 288-1q,v and the putative hominid fossil KNM-ER 20419 falling near chimpanzees and gorillas in a canonical analysis of four angles and indices [Richmond & Strait, 2000: Figure 2(b)], hence their conclusions. However those fossils are also clearly in the near morphometric vicinity of Pongo and A.L. 288-1q,v seems actually to fall in that suspensory ape’s statistical scatter. The orang-utan is not a knuckle-walker and should in many ways represent the opposite morphological extreme, but Richmond & Strait’s analysis does not afford much separation. On the other hand, two other (later) hominids, from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans, cluster far away from the previous taxa, near modern Homo sapiens, and these hominids/humans are well separated from the great apes. In fact Richmond’s & Strait’s analysis seems to function more to cluster nonhuman hominoids in distinction to humans (and quadrupedal monkeys), rather than reflecting knuckle-walking function. We question the knuckle-walking functional significance of morphometric results that, after clustering some (but not all) hominids with African apes, next join those with the suspensory Asian apes, the orang-utan and gibbon,
IPD and BIM-Focused Capstone Course Based on AEC Industry Needs and Involvement

AbstractAcademics, through industry demand and involvement, are beginning to realize that educating our future engineers in building information modeling (BIM) technology utilizing an integrated project delivery (IPD) collaboration and design approach needs to be a frontrunner of education. As a result, academia is now challenged with the task of determining how to develop these specialized skill sets in engineering students such that the professional demand and focus of incorporating the proper skills in educational practices are met to address the issues and limitations that incur in new practices. This paper outlines the development, implementation, and results of a 3-year multidisciplinary team pilot program within architectural engineering (AE) at Penn State University encompassing structural, mechanical, lighting/electrical, and construction engineering disciplines, focusing on the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry needs. Built into this pilot are strong connections to indust...
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of the Reduced Hydroxylases of Methane Monooxygenase and Toluene/o-Xylene Monooxygenase: Differences in Active Site Structure and Effects of the Coupling Proteins MMOB and ToMOD

The diiron active sites of the reduced hydroxylases from methane monooxygenase (MMOH(red)) and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMOH(red)) have been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Results of Fe K-edge and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveal subtle differences between the hydroxylases that may be correlated to access of the active site. XAS data were also recorded for each hydroxylase in the presence of its respective coupling protein. MMOB affects the outer-shell scattering contributions in the diiron site of MMOH(red), whereas ToMOD exerts its main effect on the first-shell ligation of ToMOH(red); it also causes a slight decrease in the Fe-Fe separation. These results provide an initial step toward delineating the differences in structure and reactivity in bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase proteins.
Dynamical polysystems and vector bundles

Abstract Let M n be a smooth manifold with smooth vector fields v 1 , v 2 . The 1-parameter groups defined by these vector fields combine to define an action of the free product R ∗ R on M n . For suitable choice of v 1 , v 2 , the isotropy group L of some basepoint is of the same homotopy type as the loop space of M n . Moreover, the natural linear representation of L into O( n ) defined by the L -action on the tangent space at the basepoint deloops to the tangent bundle of M n . This observation can be amplified: k -dimensional vector bundles over M n are in 1-1 correspondence with equivalence classes of smooth representations of L into O( k ). Consequently, for any CW complex C homotopy equivalent to a finite dimensional manifold, k -vector bundles over C may be identified with k -dimensional representations of L for some suitable subgroup L of R ∗ R .
On the reliability of links in a ring network

Abstract This paper analyzes the reliability of links in a computer network which is configured in a ring topology. It will be shown that the expression for reliability of elements connected in series is not adequate for computing the reliability of links in a ring network. Consequently, new expressions for computing such reliability for rings with and without back-up links are proposed. Furthermore, an optimal back-up links assignment which guarantees optimal links reliability is formulated.
The Body Size-Prey Size Hypothesis and Hydrobia

Luxton, M., and H. Petersen. 1982. Survey of the main animal taxa ofthe detritus food web. Oikos 39:293-294. Metting, B. 1981. The systematics and ecology of soil algae. Botanical Review 47:195-312. Muraoka, M., and N. Ishibashi. 1976. Nematode-feeding mites and their feeding behaviour. Applied Entomology and Zoology 11:1-7. Norton, R. A. 1985. Aspects ofthe biology and systematics of soil arachnids, particularly saprophagous and mycopha? gous mites. Quaestiones Entomologicae 21:523-541. Pimm,S. L. 1980. Properties of food webs. Ecology 61:219225.
Matrix‐Isolation Study of the Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra of the Free Radical CNN

Features appearing at 393, 1241, and 2847 cm−1 after photolysis of matrix‐isolated cyanogen azide with 2100–2800‐A radiation are shown to exhibit parallel behavior. Isotopic data are consistent with the assignment of these three features as fundamentals of the free radical CNN, produced by the reaction of carbon atoms with molecular nitrogen. Ultraviolet absorptions at 4189 and 3964 A can also be assigned to CNN. The force constants and thermodynamic properties of CNN have been derived. The carbon—nitrogen bond is found to have approximately triple‐bond character and the nitrogen—nitrogen bond approximately double‐bond character.
4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, and analogs: analytical properties and trace analysis in five substrates.

Methods for monitoring trace levels of 4‐aminobiphenyl, 2‐naphthylamine, and their hydrochloride salts in waste water, microbiological growth media, potable water, human urine, and mouse blood utilizing spectrophotofluorometry (SPF) are described. The salient elements of the methods are extraction of the residues as the free amine with benzene, rapid cleanup on an alumina column, and quantification of the free amine in methanol via SPF. Potable water solutions of the salts are diluted with 0.01 N aqueous HCL and quantified directly by SPF. Ancillary analytical information concerning gas chromatography of the free amines, partitioning properties of the compounds between solvent pairs, their solubility and stability in water, and thin‐layer chromatographic data is presented. The compositions of various admixtures of 1‐ and 2‐naphthylamine or their salts were determined by using SPF with calculations based on simultaneous equations.
Education for the Professions

(1987). Education for the professions. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 26, Interprofessional Education, pp. 87-93.
Damage sensitivity and multiple damage detection in glass fiber/epoxy laminates with carbon black filler via electrical impedance tomography

Utilizing conductivity changes to locate matrix damage in glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) manufactured with nanocomposite matrices is a promising avenue of composite structural health monitoring (SHM) with the potential to ensure unprecedented levels of safety. Nanocomposites depend on the formation of well-connected nanofiller networks for electrical conductivity. Therefore, matrix damage that severs the connection between nanofillers will manifest as a local change in conductivity. This research advances state of the art conductivity-based SHM by employing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to locate damage-induced conductivity changes in a glass fiber/epoxy laminate manufactured with carbon black (CB) filler. EIT for damage detection is characterized by identifying the lower threshold of through-hole detection and demonstrating the capability of EIT to accurately resolve multiple through holes. It is found that through holes as small as 3.18 mm in diameter can be detected, and EIT can detect multiple through holes. However, sensitivity to new through holes is diminished in the presence of existing through holes unless a damaged baseline is used. These research findings demonstrate the considerable potential of conductivity-based health monitoring for GFRP laminates with conductive networks of nanoparticles in the matrix.© 2014 ASME
The concept of in-phase transfer applied to industrial systems serving essential service motors

THE PROBLEM of transferring industrial loads from a preferred source to an emergency source has become more important as an increasing number of electric motors are being used to drive critical loads. The previous practice of having turbines drive these critical loads has, as the trend shows, shifted to replacement of turbines by motors. In those cases it is desirable that the continuity of electrical service should be such that an unscheduled shutdown of this type of load be practically eliminated.
Early Pleistocene glacial outwash deposits in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: a model for humid‐region alluvial fans

ABSTRACT The early Pleistocene Laguna and Turlock Lake Formations and China Hat and Arroyo Seco Gravels along the east side of the San Joaquin Valley, California, were deposited in alluvial fans and marginal lakes. Upward-coarsening sequences of silt-sand-gravel record westward progradation of glacial outwash fans from the Sierra Nevada into proglacial lakes in the San Joaquin Valley. Distinctive sedimentary features delineate lacustrine, prodelta, and delta-front facies within fan-margin deposits and lower, middle, and upper-fan facies within alluvial-fan deposits. The lacustrine facies consists of a few metres of thinly and evenly bedded, rhythmically laminated claystone and clayey siltstone in varved couplets. Draped lamination, sinusoidal lamination, and load and pillar structures occur in some beds. Siltstone and claystone grade upward to slightly thicker wavy beds of siltstone and very fine-grained unconsolidated sand deposited in a prodelta setting. Convolute laminae within deformed steeply dipping foreset beds suggest slumping on the prodelta slope. The prodelta facies grades up to the delta-front facies, which consists of burrowed and bioturbated cross-bedded fine sand. Deltaic deposits are 5–6 m thick. The lower-fan facies forms the base of the fan sequence and consists of several metres of irregularly bedded, laminated, oxidized siltstone and fine sand. The middle-fan facies consists of cross-bedded, medium-grained to gravelly sand-filled channels cut into the lower-fan facies. Interbedded lens-shaped siltstone beds 2 m thick and several metres across were deposited in abandoned channels. The upper-fan facies consists of moderately to strongly weathered clayey gravel and sand containing pebble imbrication and crude stratification. Argillization during post-depositional soil formation has blurred the distinction between mud-supported debris-flow deposits and clast-supported channel deposits, but both are present in this facies. The deposits described here demonstrate the need for additional fan models in order to incorporate the variety of deposits developed in alluvial fan sequences deposited in humid climates. In previous models based on arctic fans, debris flows, abandoned channels, or widespread siltstone beds are not present in fan sequences, nor are marginal lacustrine and deltaic deposits well represented.
Describing the active region boundary of EMG-assisted biomechanical models of the low back

Abstract Background Electromyography-assisted (EMG-assisted) biomechanical models are used to characterize the muscle and joint reaction forces in the lumbar region. However, during a full-range trunk flexion, there is a transition of extension moment from the trunk extensor muscles to the passive tissues of the low back, indicating that the empirical EMG data used to drive these EMG-assisted models becomes less correlated with the extensor moment. The objectives of this study were to establish the trunk flexion angles at which the passive tissues generate substantial trunk extension moment and to document how these angles change with asymmetry. Methods Participants performed controlled trunk flexion–extension motions in three asymmetric postures. The trunk kinematics data and the electromyographic activity from L3- and L4-level paraspinals and rectus abdominis were captured. The time-dependent net internal active moment (from an EMG-assisted model) and the net external moment were calculated. The trunk and lumbar angles at which the net internal active moment was less than 70% of the external moment were found. Findings The trunk flexion angle at which the net internal moment reaches the stated criteria varied as a function of asymmetry of trunk flexion motion with the sagittally symmetric case providing the deepest flexion angle of 38° (asymmetry 15°: 33°; asymmetry 30°: 26°). Interpretation These results indicate that EMG-assisted biomechanical models need to consider the role of passive tissues at trunk flexion angles significantly less than previously thought and these flexion angles vary as a function of the asymmetry and direction of motion.
Optimal out-of-band correction for multispectral remote sensing

In this paper, an optimal out-of-band (OOB) correction transform (OOBCT) for dealing with onboard Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) OOB effects is proposed. This paper addresses the OOB response issue without consideration of the impact of other error sources on the correction processing. The OOBCT matrix is derived by minimizing an objective function of error summation between the expected and realistic recovered band-averaged spectral radiances. Using the VIIRS filter transmittance functions for all multiband sensors obtained from prelaunch laboratory measurements and a simulated dataset obtained from Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data, the OOBCT matrix is numerically computed. The processing of the OOB correction is straightforward and can be performed by a product between the OOBCT matrix and a measured multispectral image vector. The experimental results with both AVIRIS and Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean datasets demonstrate that the ratios of average errors of recovered band-averaged spectral radiances divided by the measured radiances with the OOB responses are less than 4%. The average values of the relative errors for all pixels and bands indicate that the OOBCT method outperforms the works reported in literature.
Emerging blue phase liquid crystal displays

Device physics and electro-optical properties of emerging polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal displays (BPLCDs) are investigated. The novel protruded electrodes generate strong horizontal electric fields which penetrate deeply into the bulk LC layer. As a result, the operating voltage is reduced from over 50V rms to ~10 V rms , which for the first time enables the BP-LCDs to be addressed by amorphous silicon thin-film-transistors (TFTs). Kerr constant effect from the material side is also evaluated quantitatively. Widespread application of TFT BP-LCDs is foreseeable.
Modeling closed chain motion of two manipulators holding a rigid object

Abstract A dynamical model is developed for the closed chain motion of two N-joint manipulators holding a rigid object in a three-dimensional workspace. Holonomic constraints are developed and combined with the equations of motion of the manipulators and of the object to obtain the dynamical model of the entire system. The behavior of the generalized contact forces and their impact on the coupling among the individual components of the system in the model is investigated. The problem of solving the model for the forward and inverse dynamics is discussed.
Theoretical Study of the Spatially Resolved Soft X-Ray versus Hard X-Ray Relationship in Solar Flares

We have carried out a series of calculations of the hard (>30 keV) and soft (1-3 keV) X-ray time histories for various parts of a solar flare loop using hydrodynamic simulations of the electron-heated flare atmosphere. We have considered two typical cases: the strongly evaporated flare in which the injected energetic electron flux is large and the initial atmospheric density is small, and the weakly evaporated flare in which the electron flux is small and the initial atmospheric density is large. The spatially unresolved Neupert effect that the time derivative of the soft X-ray time history is proportional to the hard X-ray time history holds for these models; however, in both cases, we find that the footpoint soft X-ray time history is not proportional to the hard X-ray time history at the same location. The model cannot explain recent observations in which a correlation between the soft and hard X-ray time histories (and not a "derivative" relation) at the flare footpoint was observed. Furthermore, the loop-top soft X-ray source decays much earlier than indicated by observations. In order for these model predictions to be consistent with observations, the footpoint soft X-ray source may have to be nonthermal, excited by low-energy electrons. Also, continuous heating of the plasma at the top of the loop is required in addition to that from energetic electrons.
Land and wine

Competition from the New World, a changing climate and technological advances have threatened the Burgundian notion that the quality of wine depends on regional geography and culture. Only flexibility can keep the concept of terroir alive.
Policy Impact on Professional Development Schools When Faculty and Administrator Views Conflict regarding the University Reward System

Abstract This article addresses the need for an overall consideration of restructuring the traditional university reward system, as schools and colleges of education and other professional programs move into site-delivered courses and intensive practicum field experiences for more effective preparation of individuals preparing to work in service professions. The article reports findings from a national study, which reveals general faculty and administration dissatisfaction with how faculty receive rewards in tenure, promotion, and merit pay decisions. To effectively engage faculty in more productive redesigned preparation programs, equitable and appropriate rewards must be available. This is true for all faculty, whether tenured with years of experience and successful research and publication records, or non-tenured/tenure-track with less experience. Rising faculty members may have motivation to work in field settings, but experience trepidation about the potential resulting negative effect on successful ...
Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data

While it is generally accepted that data warehouses and OLAP workloads are excellent applications for column-stores, this paper speculates that column-stores may well be suited for additional applications. In particular we observe that column-stores do not see a performance degradation when storing extremely wide tables, and column-stores handle sparse data very well. These two properties lead us to conjecture that column-stores may be good storage layers for Semantic Web data, XML data, and data with GEM-style schemas.
Short Pulse High Power Microwave Surface Flashover

High Power Microwave (HPM) induced surface flashover is investigated in order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon and reduce the limitations it imposes on transmitted power levels. This work builds on previous testing using a magnetron producing 5 MW for 4 µs at 2.85 GHz. Both the previous and current experimental setups are designed to produce a flashover on the high pressure side of a transmission window without the influence of a triple point. Limitations of the previous experiment included a maximum power of 5 MW and a pulse rise time of 50 ns. The current HPM source is an experimental virtual cathode oscillator (vircator), the output of which has been extensively characterized. The vircator is capable of producing 50 MW peak for 100 ns with an adjustable frequency from 3 to 5 GHz and a rise time of ≪ 4 ns. The dominant modes of the vircator and magnetron are the circular TE 11 and rectangular TE 10 modes respectively, with the major electric field component in both setups normal to the direction of propagation, yielding comparable field geometries at the transmission window. The experimental setup permits the study of factors including gas pressure, composition, temperature, and air speed. Diagnostic equipment allows the analysis of power levels and flashover luminosity with sub-nanosecond resolution.
Analyzing Facial Expressions Using Intensity-Variant 3D Data For Human Computer Interaction

Research on automatic techniques for analyzing human facial behavior has been intensified, driven by the emerging research field of affective computing (R. Picard, 2003) and its important application in human computer interaction and intelligent systems. The face surface is a three dimensional time-varying `wave', which is associated with the movement of facial expressions. Tracing the behavior of the 3D primitive features could reveal precious information about the nature of the underlying physical process. In this paper, we propose to study the intensity-variant facial expressions in a 3D space. We present a new approach for 3D expression model analysis, tracking and classification. We demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method using the 3D range data for prototypic 3D facial expression recognition
Droplet-based microfluidic platform for heterogeneous enzymatic assays

Heterogeneous enzymatic reactions are used in many industrial processes including pulp and paper, food, and biofuel production. Industrially-relevant optimization of the enzymes used in these processes requires assaying them with insoluble substrates. However, platforms for high throughput heterogeneous assays do not exist thereby severely increasing the cost and time of enzyme optimization, or leading to the use of assays with soluble substrates for convenient, but non-ideal, optimization. We present an innovative approach to perform heterogeneous reactions in a high throughput fashion using droplet microfluidics. Droplets provide a facile platform for heterogeneous reactions as internal recirculation allows rapid mixing of insoluble substrates with soluble enzymes. Moreover, it is easy to generate hundreds or thousands of picoliter droplets in a small footprint chip allowing many parallel reactions. We validate our approach by screening combinations of cellulases with real-world insoluble substrates, and demonstrate that the chip-based screening is in excellent agreement with the conventional screening methods, while offering advantages of throughput, speed and lower reagent consumption. We believe that our approach, while demonstrated for a biofuel application, provides a generic platform for high throughput monitoring of heterogeneous reactions.
Intermittent Claudication Secondary to Idiopathic Fibrous Retroperitonitis Report of an Unusual Case

In the case of idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis presented, the only symptoms were those of arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs and testicular and inguinal pain of uncertain origin. Relief of claudication and return of normal pulsations were achieved after surgical lysis of the common iliac arteries and the terminal segment of the aorta. Numerous reports in the literature indicate that idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis is not rare but retroperitoneal arterial obstruction by the fibrous plaque is apparently unusual, and intermittent claudication without urinary symptoms is unique. Idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis, therefore, should be included in the differential diagnosis of the causes of intermittent claudication. Although the aortogram may not permit differentiation of arteriosclerosis obliterans from external compression of the aorta by this fibrosing process, the excretory urogram should be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis. Treatment is primarily surgical with thorough excisio...
Laser Velocimetry Measurementsat the Diffuser Exit of a Coal-Fired MHD Channel

Field measurements using a two-component dual beam laser velocimeter, in both backscatter and forward scatter modes, were made at the diffuser exit of a coal-fired magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel under a very harsh flow environment with restricted space availability and port accessibility. The measurements are the first of their kind since no previous velocity measurements at the coal-fired facility, either intrusive or nonintrusive, have been performed. The results serve as a data base for the engineering design of MHD flow train components and also for theoretical modeling. Presented in this paper are the profiles of the mean velocities and the turbulence levels and spectral characteristics of the flow. This paper also highlights some of the practical problems encountered in making the laser velocimetry measurements under conditions of a harsh environment such as MHD flows.
Advanced Millimeter-Wave Multifunction Systems and the Implications for Semiconductor Technology

As military combat platforms take on more challenging roles and missions, their need for advanced communications and sensors for both survivability and lethality has increased. Unfortunately the size, weight, and power (SWAP) available to accommodate these new capabilities has not grown proportionately, nor is it likely to. Many of these new capabilities are required to operate in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum as the need to operate in degraded visual environments increases and in order to reduce antenna sizes and increase available bandwidth, the millimeter-wave (MMW) portion of the spectrum is being examined to address these needs. DARPA has recently started a program in multifunction RF systems to address these needed capabilities while also addressing SWAP through the use of common apertures and exciter/receiver technology. This presentation will discuss how this need for a millimeter wave (MMW) multifunction system may influence our investment strategy in MMW components and ICs to enhance functionality and reduce cost while maintaining performance.
Description and Prediction of the Intractable Inmate

The purpose of this study was to describe the intractable inmate and to determine the existence of factors predictive of intractability. The intractable inmate is defined as an inmate who presents a chronic disciplinary problem within the prison. To provide data on this type of inmate, fifty intractable and fifty tractable inmates at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (SOCF) were selected by correctional and treatment officers at that institution. From the institutional files of both groups, extensive data were collected on person al, family, educational, vocational, military, criminal, confinement, prison ad justment, self-improvement program, and prison medical histories; psycho metric and personality test scores were collected for both groups. The data were analyzed to determine group differences and predictive factors.The important results revealed that, in comparison with the tractable group, the intractable inmates at SOCF were generally nonwhite, single, and not heavy users of alcohol, and the...
Structural and functional features of an NDP kinase from the hyperthermophile crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum.

Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes that transfer γ-phosphates from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates via a ping-pong mechanism. The important role of this large family of enzymes in controlling cellular functions and developmental processes along with their crystallizability has made them good candidates for structural studies. We recently determined the structure of an evolved version of an NDP kinase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum, an extreme thermophile. This NDP kinase has similarity to the 42 other NDP kinases deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) but differs significantly in sequence, structure, and biophysical properties. The P. aerophilum NDP kinase sequence contains two unique segments not present in other NDP kinases, comprising residues 66–100 and 156–165. We show that deletion mutants of the P. aerophilum NDP kinase lacking either or both of these inserts have an altered substrate specificity, allowing dGTP as the phosphate donor. A structural analysis of the evolved NDP kinase in conjunction with mutagenesis experiments suggests that the substrate specificity of the P. aerophilum NDP kinase is related to the presence of these two inserts.
Experimental Determination of the Strain Transfer Across a Flexible Intermediate Layer in Thin Film Structures as a Function of Flexible Layer Thickness

The tensile deformation behavior of nickel/ polyimide-thin-film / copper-thin-film structures is observed using an in situ x-ray stress analysis technique. The x-ray stress is measured in the nickel and the copper simultaneously. From the analysis, the stress/strain transfer from the nickel through the polyimide to the copper can be measured. The effect of polyimide thickness (in the range from no polyimide to 33μm of polyimide) on the stress/strain transfer behavior is reported here.
Prevention in Mental Health and Social Intervention

Prevention has become a central goal among those concerned with a wide array of human conditions (Cowen, this volume; Feiner, Jason, Moritsugu, & Farber, 1983). Illustratively, the Secretary of Health and Human Services has labeled prevention as the nation’s number one health and social priority for the 1990s (Department of Health and Human Services, 1990). The reasons for prevention’s emergence as a central priority on the national health agenda are quite clear. Simply put, after-the-fact, reconstructive approaches have proven to be inadequate to the task of reducing the crushing levels of social and health problems confronting the nation
Competition Within Intellectual Property Regimes: The Instance of Patent Rights

This chapter describes an emergent jurisprudence and a residual economics that converge to support the reconceptualization of U.S. patent policy as a competition regime. Its approach is inspired by an opinion that Justice Sandra Day O’Connor wrote for a unanimous Supreme Court some twenty years ago. The Court’s recent patent jurisprudence sounds an echo of the opinion, which described the foundation of patent policy this way: “[F]ree exploitation of ideas will be the rule, to which the protection of a federal patent is the exception.” There is, Justice O’Connor explained, a “baseline of free competition upon which the patent system's incentive to creative effort depends.” The chapter develops this proposition in three sections. The first explicates the economics of incentive theory, both its limits and its residual value. The second analyzes the jurisprudence of recent decisions by the Supreme Court and Federal Circuit Court of Appeals – the speciality court for patent and trademark. The third section presents some instances of progressive change that would come of extending the re-conception of the patent system as fundamentally a competition regime, an extension inspired by Justice O’Connor’s image but informed by the failure of incentive theory as the economic logic for patent protection.
Accurate modeling of transistor stacks to effectively reduce total standby leakage in nano-scale CMOS circuits

In this work we have developed an accurate model of total leakage in a transistor stack based on the compact model of gate, subthreshold and band-to-band-tunneling leakage. Using this model, we have analyzed the opportunities for overall stand-by leakage reduction in scaled devices using transistor stacking and proved that the best input vector that minimize overall leakage depends on the relative magnitude of the different leakage components. A novel stacking technique based on the ratio of the different leakage components is proposed and its effectiveness in total leakage reduction in transistor stack and logic gate is analyzed.
A model for the formation of amorphous Si by ion bombardment

Abstract The effective annealing of ion implantations in Si is aided by the formation of continuous amorphous layer. The amorphous layer regrows epitaxially at 500–600°C and incorporates the dopant in an electrically active, uncompensated form. A phenomenological model is proposed which, with adjustable parameters, accounts for the variation of the critical dose required to produce a continuous amorphous layer by ion bombardment with ion, target, temperature, and, with minor additional assumptions, dose rate.
Graph transformation for communication minimization using retiming

Nested loops are normally the most time intensive tasks in computer algorithms. These loops often include multiple dependencies between arrays that impose communication constraints when used in multiprocessor systems. These dependencies may be between dependent arrays (loop dependencies), or between independent arrays (data dependencies). In this paper, reducing the communication caused by data and loop dependencies for perfect nested loops is explored. It is shown that for a given partition data dependencies may be treated as a specialized form of loop dependencies. Once this is done, previous results on scalable loop tiling can be used to calculate the final total communication. Next, the effects of changing the partition for both loop and data communication are examined. Using these results, the optimal partition for a number of cases is examined. Results are shown which illustrate the efficiency of the system as well as the savings achieved.
Factors associated with pastoral preaching on financially related topics within the Missionary Church

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PASTORAL PREACHING ON FINANCIALLY RELATED TOPICS WITHIN THE MISSIONARY CHURCH
Are Frost Boils Important for the Recruitment of Arctic-Alpine Plants?

Abstract To determine if canopy gaps offer “safe sites” for recruitment and persistence of arctic-alpine plants, we compared seedling densities in frost boils and closed vegetation, and examined persistence of Diapensia lapponica within frost boils. Seedling density was greater within frost boils, and D. lapponica numbers increased in resurveyed frost boils, suggesting persistence. Lower seed bank size combined with higher seedling numbers confirmed that frost boils represent favorable sites for germination.