cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leaf Gland Flavonoids in Comptonia peregrina and Myrica pensylvanica (Myricaceae)

Natural products are formed in some Myricaceae by secretory glands on leaves, young twigs, and fruits. Leaf glands of Myrica pensylvanica and Comptonia peregrina produce flavonoid aglycones along with terpenoid material. This is the first study on exudate flavonoids of the two species. In M. pensylvanica rare C-methylated flavonones and chalcones, such as cryptostrobin, desmethoxymatteucinol, aurentiacin, and myrigalon-D, are the major constituents. In C. peregrina chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin, and their methyl ethers are dominant. They are accompanied by some of the C-methyl flavonoids found in M. pensylvanica. A novel natural flavanone, 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-C-methyl flavanone (comptonin) was isolated from C. peregrina, where it was encountered along with trace amounts of the corresponding 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-5'-C-methyl chalcone.
Immune Cell Involvement in Anti-c-myc DNA Prevention of Tumor Formation in a Mouse Model of Burkitt'S Lymphoma

Abstract Prophylactic therapy with 5′-dCACGTTGAGGGGCAT phosphorothioate, (2.5 nmol/hr) strongly inhibited tumorigenesis in Eμ-myc transgenic mice, and ablated spleen cell MYC antigen. However, the anti-c-myc DNA also stimulated proliferation of spleen cells in vitro, though much less so than a positive CG motif control, 5′-dGCATGACGTTGAGCT.
Targets and Witnesses Middle School Students’ Sexual Harassment Experiences

School-based peer-to-peer sexual harassment (SH) emerged as an issue of concern in the early 1990s. As a developing field, this literature has several notable gaps. The current study extends previo...
The effect of nearby luminance contrast polarity on color boundary localization

Abstract The study measured the shift in apparent position of a color-defined target boundary as a function of the distance, luminance polarity and amount of contrast of a nearby luminance-defined flanking boundary. In general, the position of the target boundary shifted towards the flank with the attraction being somewhat greater for negative than positive polarity flanks, and for high compared to low contrast flanks. High contrast, negative polarity flanks resulted in greater attraction at 3.69 min arc separation. For low contrast flanks, the apparent shift in position of the target boundary depended on the polarity and position of the flank relative to the target. For example, for small separations (
Low field hysteresis and loss in sintered samples of YBa2Cu3O7-x

We have measured the ac susceptibility and the low field (H < 100 Oe) magnetization of sintered samples of YBa2Cu3O7-x. A hysteresis loop is found to be superimposed on a linear reversible behavior. The temperature dependence of the width of this loop can be described by [1 - (T/Tc)2], where Tc is the same as for the bulk material. We argue that the hysteresis is due to narrow, but superconducting, connections between the grains of the sintered sample. We also find indirectly that a single crystal does not show low field hysteresis.
The effects of memory load and the contrast of the rod signal on partial report superiority in a Sperling task

Subjects participated in a Sperling task. The independent variables included delay of report cue, dark background field vs. a light background field intense enough to nearly saturate the rod system (duration of rod icon), and whether or not subjects were required to retain a list of letters or words (memory load) while performing in the Sperling task. Partial report superiority is normally taken as an indication of iconic memory. However, the main result was that memory load, which presumably does not affect the duration of the icon, increased partial report superiority. The effect of luminance of the background field was to reduce the partial report superiority. The results show that the existence of a partial report superiority and/or a decaying partial report curve does not necessarily imply the existence of an icon or visual storage.
A short-term predictor of satellite-observed fire activity in the North American boreal forest: Toward improving the prediction of smoke emissions

Abstract A statistical model, based on numerical weather prediction (NWP), is developed to predict the subsequent day's satellite observations of fire activity in the North American boreal forest during the fire season (24-h forecast). In conjunction with the six components of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System and other NWP outputs, fire data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) are used to examine the meteorological separability between the largest fire growth and decay events, with a focus on central Alaska during the large fire season of 2004. This combined information is analyzed in three steps including a maximum likelihood classification, multiple regression, and empirical correction, from which the meteorological effects on fire growth and decay are statistically established to construct the fire prediction model. Both MODIS and GOES fire observations show that the NWP-based fire prediction model is an improvement over the forecast of persistence commonly used by near-real-time fire emission inventories. Results from an independent test (2005 fire season) show that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of predicted MODIS fire observations is reduced by 5.2% compared with a persistence forecast. Improvements are strongest (RMSE reduction of 11.4%) for cases with observed decay or extinction of fires. Similar results are obtained from additional independent tests using the 2004 and 2005 GOES satellite fire observations. This study uniquely demonstrates the value and importance of combining NWP data and satellite fire observations to predict biomass-burning emissions, which is a critical step toward producing a global short-term fire prediction model and improving operational forecasts of smoke transport at large spatial scales.
Iatrogenic Giant Coronary Artery Pseudoaneurysm With “Daughter Aneurysm” Formation: Serial Imaging Findings and Natural History

Coronary pseudoaneurysms rarely occur spontaneously; rather, they are more commonly seen as a complication of coronary intervention. We present a case of a giant right coronary artery pseudoaneurysm with partial thrombosis after arterial perforation during percutaneous intervention for acute myocard
Studies on Incubator Hygiene VI. A Note on the Resistance of S. Pullorum on Sterilized and Unsterilized Egg Shells

Abstract IN STUDIES heretofore reported, S. pullorum contaminated egg shells placed in petri dishes in hatching trays on the floor near the hatching trays and on the interior of false doors in two forced draft incubators were subjected to formaldehyde fumigation. Formaldehyde was released with potassium permanganate as well as directly from cheesecloth. Thirty-five cc of formalin and 17.5 grams of potassium permanganate per hundred cubic feet and 22 cc of formalin per hundred cubic feet with the cheesecloth method of release were employed. In 25 separate fumigations by each of the above methods, S. pullorum was destroyed in 10 to 22 minutes with a viability range of 40 minutes. In an occasional fumigation S. pullorum on egg shells survived longer than 40 minutes, although the exact length of time was not determined. This fact, together with the possible presence of S. pullorum on the egg shell from infected hens prompted . . .
Antinociception produced by interactions between intrathecally administered adenosine agonists and norepinephrine

Abstract It is well-established that intrathecal injection of noradrenergic agonists produces dose-dependent antinociception in rats. Recently, the antinociceptive actions of norepinephrine in the central nervous system have been shown to be modulated by adenosine and adenosine analogs. This study examined whether there is an interaction between norepinephrine and adenosine analogs in the regulation of nociceptive transmission in the rat spinal cord using the tail flick and hot plate tests. The results indicate that dose-dependent antinociception was produced by intrathecal injection of norepinephrine (4.8–195 nmol), the A 1 /A 2 adenosine agonist5′-N-ethylcar☐amide adenosine (NECA; 0.97–4.9 nmol), and the A 1 adenosine agonistR-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA; 0.78–26 nmol). Furthermore, subeffective doses of NECA and norepinephrine interacted synergistically to produce potent antinociception. In contrast, no synergistic interaction was observed between norepinephrine and doses of R-PIA as high as 26 nmol. The antinociception produced by coadministration of norepinephrine and NECA appears to be mediated by adenosine receptors, since it was attenuated by pretreatment with theophylline, a non-selective adenosine antagonist. The synergistic interaction between NECA and norepinephrine did not appear to result from alterations in cardiovascular tone because blood pressure values were not significantly altered by drug administration. These results suggest that purinergic and noradrenergic systems interact synergistically to modify nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. The purinergic component of this interaction may be mediated, in part, by adenosine A 2 receptors.
ERP responses to ethanol and diazepam administration in squirrel monkeys.

The effects of oral administration of two doses of ethanol (0.75 and 1.5 g/kg) and a single dose of diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) on electrophysiological responses to an event related potential (ERP) paradigm were investigated in the squirrel monkey Saimiri Sciureus. A passive auditory “oddball plus novel” tone sequence was utilized to elicit N1, P2, N2, and P3-like components which resembled waveforms obtained from human subjects under the same conditions. Ethanol at both doses was found to produce a significant decrease in the amplitude of the N1 component. The higher ethanol dose also produced a significant decrease in the amplitude of the P3-like component. Ethanol at both doses was observed to produce significant increases in the variability of the amplitude of these components as measured from trial to trial. Diazepam, like ethanol, also induced a significant decrease in the N1 component of the ERP but did not affect the later waves. These results suggest that ERPs can reliably assess the electrophysiological actions of ethanol in monkeys.
The New Central Asia: The Regional Impact of International Actors

Emilian Kavalski (ed.), The New Central Asia: The Regional Impact of International Actors. Singapore: World Scientific Co., 2010, vii + 303pp., $112.00/£74.00 h/b. This book provides a detailed an...
“Shrink-Wrapped” Permanent Pacemaker

An 81-year-old woman originally underwent permanent pacemaker placement in 1994 for symptomatic bradycardia in the setting of respiratory distress. When her device was found to be at the elective replacement interval, she was referred for pacemaker generator replacement. She had been treated …
HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTIONS

Three feasible interpretations of cross-sectional hedonic price regression equations are derived from consumer choice, profit maximization by competitive firms, and market clearing, each conceptual experiment deploying a Lancastrian “new approach” to micro theory. Lancaster's theory is compared with those consumer theories of Houthakker heritage, and some limitations of each are indicated. The assertion that Adelman and Griliches' quality-adjusted hedonic price index is a constant satisfaction index is shown to necessitate interpersonal comparisons of utility, and the possibility of identifying demand and supply functions for commodities by exclusion restrictions on characteristics is rejected.
X‐modulation: Instrumentation and optimization

The measurement of lateral force in response to small amplitude lateral oscillations of a sample using a scanning probe microscope (X-modulation) is presented as an effective means of identifying key qualitative differences in the nanomechanical behavior of solid surfaces. To study the surface behavior in detail, it is critical that the instrument have sufficient flexibility. Computer-assisted measurement automation achieved using LabVIEW makes an X-modulation experiment more flexible and convenient. Even though further refinement of the modulation technique is necessary in both theory and experiment to obtain a complete picture, the systematic approach made possible by this sort of instrumentation is valuable for the study of mechanical properties of the surface.
ACHIEVEMENT STYLES OF WOMEN LEADERS AND THEIR PEERS: Toward an Understanding of Women and Leadership

Women's achievement was examined by studying the achievement styles and leadership outcomes of women college leaders as compared with those of a control sample of undergraduate men and women (Study 1) and with those of men college leaders (Study 2). Women leaders scored significantly higher than control women on six of nine achievement styles, scored higher than control men on three of nine, and derived satisfaction from a greater number of achievement sources than did women or men controls. Women leaders perceived more support from their institutions and attached more importance to contributing to their community and becoming an authority in their field than did men or women controls. Achievement style was related to leadership role, with endorsement of six styles correlated with attaining leadership. Achievement profiles of women leaders were replicated in Study 2. Men and women college leaders showed similar profiles on eight of nine achievement styles. However, women leaders were significantly less li...
Serial angiographic follow-up after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation: comparison with conventional balloon angioplasty.

Abstract Objectives. Serial angiographic follow-up study was designed to evaluate the temporal mode of lumen diameter changes after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation, and the results were compared with those from a cohort of patients undergoing balloon angioplasty. Background. Restenosis remains a major limitation of balloon angioplasty. The Palmaz-Schatz balloon expandable coronary stent is now under clinical investigation to evaluate its efficacy in preventing restenosis. Methods. Serial angiographic follow-up study was performed the day after stent implantation and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The stent group consisted of 96 patients who had 97 lesions with a single stent. A cohort of 179 patients with 192 lesions were selected as the balloon group by the criteria of final balloon size ≥3 mm and lesion length Results. A significantly larger lumen diameter was obtained immediately after stent implantation (2.9 ± 0.4 mm [mean ± SD] in the stent group vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 mm in the balloon group, p Conclusions. The Palmaz-Schatz stent was effective in reducing the restenosis rate in this highly selected cobort of patients. Reduction in restenosis rate was dependent on a larger lumen obtained immediately. Late loss of diameter was significantly greater after stenting. The restenosis rate after stenting should be evaluated by follw-up angiography at 6 months rather than at 3 months, which is adequate after conventional balloon angioplasty.
Cervical artery dissection

Spontaneous and traumatic cervical artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in the young. It generally carries an excellent prognosis if treatment is initiated early. Antiplatelet therapy may be as effective as or safer than warfarin, although no randomized prospective studies have addressed the issue of optimal medical therapy. Rarely, endovascular therapy may be indicated for the treatment of ruptured aneurysms or to prevent recurrent ischemia.
Biochemical analysis of MHC and non-MHC lymphocyte membrane antigens.

Abstract Basic biochemical techniques have been skillfully used to characterized MHC-bound peptides and to examine the changes that occur in MHC molecules and lymphocyte membrane receptor complexes upon ligand binding. The fine tuning of these experimental approaches was possible because of the availability of a variety of biochemical and biological reagents.
Evaluation of in vitro release and in vivo efficacy of mPEG-PLA-haloperidol conjugate micelle-like structures

Polymeric prodrugs of mPEG-PLA-haloperidol (methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly (lactic acid)), self-assemble into nanoscale micelle-like structures in aqueous solutions. The micelles range in size from 28 to 52 nm in diameter and have been shown to be spherical in shape using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. In this current work there is evidence shown that suggests these micelle-like structures do not dissociate below their critical micelle concentration (CMC) when the PEG weight percent is at least 68, releasing physically entrapped drug from intact micelles over a 3-day period. However, 55 wt % PEG micelles dissociate below their CMC, and release their physically entrapped drug within 8 h. Conjugate polymer micelles most closely approach a linear release profile over a 5-day period. Conjugate micelles with free drug incorporated, known as combination micelle-like structures, release drug over 4 days. However, these combination micelles have the fastest burst release indicating that free drug was potentially dominating the first 8 h of release, after which hydrolysis of covalently linked drug took over. In vivo behavioral studies can assess haloperidol bioactivity from drug loaded micelle-like structures on ketamine induced hyperlocomotion. Results are consistent with in vitro release data, showing that conjugate and combination micelles continue to release haloperidol 4 days post injection, attenuating the effects of the ketamine induced hyperlocomotion. Furthermore, results indicate that the sedative side effects of haloperidol were reduced with the micelle delivery systems as compared to the acute haloperidol injection.
Differences between mono- and poly-energetic spectra in modeling DQE(f)

Most theoretical calculations of DQE are done assuming a mono-energetic beam, whereas, clinically, the systems are used with poly-energetic spectra. Using a cascaded stochastic model of a mammographic imaging system, we compared results using mono-energetic beams to mammographic poly-energetic beams. The effects of the depth of x-ray interaction in the phosphor were explicitly included in the model. We calculated DQE, MTF and NPS as a function of spatial frequency and also calculated the Swank noise factor (A S ) and quantum detection efficiency (A Q ). For mono-energetic beams between 15 and 40 keV, the A S changed from 0.80 to 0.84, and the A Q decreased from 0.90 to 0.16. For the spatial-frequency dependent measures, at 10 cycles/mm, the MTF increased from 0.09 to 0.16, the ratio of MTF squared to the relative NPS increased from 0.13 to 0.29, and DQE decreased from 0.19 to 0.06. These values were compared to poly-energetic x-ray calculations assuming molybdenum and tungsten anodes in the range of 24 to 40 kVp. Good agreement to within 5% in DQE at all spatial frequencies was found. However, at high kVp, the mono-energetic approximation overestimated the A S and underestimated the A Q by as much as 10%.
Poly[μ-2-aminopyrazine-κ2N1:N4-μ-cyanido-copper(I)]: a three-dimensional network from laboratory powder diffraction data

In the title compound, [Cu(CN)(C(4)H(5)N(3))](n) or [Cu(mu-CN)(mu-PyzNH(2))](n) (PyzNH(2) is 2-aminopyrazine), the Cu(I) center is tetrahedrally coordinated by two cyanide and two PyzNH(2) ligands. The Cu(I)-cyano links give rise to [Cu-CN](infinity) chains running along the c axis, which are bridged by bidentate PyzNH(2) ligands. The three-dimensional framework can be described as being formed by two interpenetrated three-dimensional honeycomb-like networks, both made of 26-membered rings of composition [Cu(6)(mu-CN)(2)(mu-PyzNH(2))(4)].
The effects of dicyclohexylamine on polyamine biosynthesis and incorporation into turnip yellow mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage protoplasts infected in vitro.

Abstract We have reported Balint and Cohen, 1985 , Greenberg and Cohen, 1985 Virology 144, 181–193) that protoplasts from plants infected with turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) continue to produce virus in culture and that newly formed virus particles contained predominantly newly synthesized spermidine and spermine. Inhibition of spermidine synthesis by dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), however, led to incorporation of preexisting spermidine and increased amounts of spermine into newly formed virions. We now report similar results with healthy protoplasts infected in vitro, in which essentially all of the virus is newly formed. Again, newly synthesized spermidine and spermine were preferentially incorporated into virus. DCHA inhibited spermidine synthesis by 85%, leading in 20 hr to a 60% depletion of the cellular spermidine and a 30% reduction in the amount of spermidine per virion. Spermine synthesis increased, however, producing a 40% increase in cellular spermine and 50–100% increase in the amount of spermine per virion. Thus, in spite of spermidine depletion, the total positive charge contributed by polyamines to the virus was essentially conserved.
AN ANALYSIS OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA: LYGUS HESPERUS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) INJURY—AN EVALUATION

A method is described for partitioning normal plant fruit shedding losses from those caused by the pest Lygus hesperus Knight. The relationship between age of bug and its damaged rate per day degree was determined, and used to assess the impact of various lygus population levels on crop development and yield. A simulation model for lygus phenology and population dynamics is reported.
Maternal and infant nutrition and health in later life.

Sir: In response to the article, “Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Health in Later Life” by Robert L. Jackson,’ let me say that the science of many disciplines is crystal clear in finding that breast feeding the human infant is the optimum method of nutrition. The reasons are well known, accepted and not in need of repetition. Nutrition of the infant, however, is a highly complex problem involving not only science, but socioeconomics, politics, government, geography and culture. Promoting human lactation by ignoring this complexity may well lead to large numbers of mothers feeling guilty if they do not breast feed their infants. I do not feel that such guilt is justified since there is a lack of hard data in many areas of infant nutrition. I am concerned about some statements in Dr. Jackson’s paper. For example, ”Nutritional imbalance in this period (four to six months postnatally) may have lasting effects not only on physical growth and development, but also on emotional and intellectual development.” The evidence supporting this statement is scanty. The hypothesis quoted that suckled breast milk becomes richer in fat aiding in appetite control and thus preventing obesity is not proven.‘ As regards the higher content of cholesterol in human over cow’s milk, it is stated, “In view of the rapid growth of the brain in early life and its high fat content, the amount and type of fat fed the infant may be important for the normal development of the central nervous system.” The brain synthesizes its own lipid and is not relatively dependent on dietary supply. Finally, it is stated, “The major source of calories, however, should continue to come from human milk until the infant is about 12 months of age.” This is neither consistent with an earlier statement in the paper, nor desirable, particularly in the lesser developed countries where all the brouhaha of breast-versus-bottle has over-reached itself, losing sight of the still more important issue of weaning foods and the prevention of malnutrition. In summary, let all disciplines and parties concerned interact in a mutually helpful way to lower infant mortality and morbidity and malnutrition among those world humans who matter most--children.
Paramagnetic resonance of the antimorph of the F-center

Abstract LiF crystals X-rayed at 77°K and then warmed-up to a temperature between 130°K and 220°K contain a new kind of a trapped-hole center. Its electronic structure was studied by means of paramagnetic resonance. The centre appears to consist of a hole trapped at a Li vacancy, and thus it may be considered as the “antimorph” of the F -center. However, the electron deficiency is localized on but two neighboring fluoride ions adjacent to the Li vacancy, so that the symmetry is lower than that of the F -center. The new center is closely related to the self-trapped hole, as it can also be described as a F − 2 molecule-ion. However, owing to the vicinity of the Li vacancy the molecular bond is “bent”, so that the center has the symmetry of an isosceles triangle lying in a (001) plane with the base along a [110] axis. The thermal stability is higher than that of the self-trapped hole because of the Coulomb field of the vacancy. The main optical absorption band is probably centered at about 3400 A just as for the self-trapped hole. So far, LiF is the only alkali halide in which a center of this type could be found.
Shellability of exponential structures

We show that the poset of all partitions of an nd-set with block size divisible by d is shellable. Using similar techniques, it also follows that various other examples of exponential structures cited by Stanley are also shellable. The method used involves the notion of recursive atom orderings introduced by Bjorner and Wachs.
EFFECT OF HCO3- THERAPY ON ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS IN NEWBORN DOGS WITH AND WITHOUT VENTILATORY RESTRICTION

We have previously reported in 36 newborn dogs-with mechanically fixed ventilation that when HCO3− is infused, PaCO2 increases, pH is not affected and PaO2 decreases significantly, in this study, HCO3− was infused in 71 spontaneously breathing newborn dogs 0 to 22 days of age. Group A dogs (n=39) were breathing against an air way resistance and large dead space resulting in respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Group B dogs (n=32) were normally ventilating. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups. Groups AI (n=11) & BI (n=9) received 2 meq/kg of HCO3− rapidly over 3 min, Groups AII (n=19) & BII (n=13) received the same dosage slowly over 3 hrs, and Groups AIII (n=9) & BIII (n=10) served as controls and received no treatment. Within 1-3 minutes following HCO3− Group BI raised their blood pH by .07±.006 units and the pH remained elevated for 90 min. The restricted Group (AI) had a smaller (p<.05) rise in pH (.04±.007 units) and this rise was dissipated in 30 min. PaCO2 rose by 10±2 Torr in AI pups (p<.01) but not in BI dogs. Base excess rose similarly in both groups. Slow infusion of bicarbonate (subgroup II) had negligible effects on pH and PCO2 in both groups of animals similar to that for the control experiments (subgroup III). Thus, when ventilation is restricted rapid infusion of bicarbonate does not increase pH as much as when ventilation is normal since the CO2 produced by the dehydration of HCO3− cannot be eliminated. These results question the use and efficacy of rapid HCO3− infusion in infants whose ventilation is restricted.
Radiative lifetime and quenching rates of seo2 vapor

Abstract A Nd: YAG pumped dye laser system was used 10 excite SeO 2 vapor at 2888 A ( 1 B 2 -X 1 A 1 ) and the radiative lifetime was measured under collision free conditions by time gated photon counting Rate coefficients for quenching by Ar, N 2 and CO 2 have also been determined. The lifetime measurements covered a 90 μs range and exhibited exponential decay with τ r = 36.1 = 2.5 μs.
Differential Regulation of EGF-like Growth Factor Genes in Human Keratinocytes

Abstract ErbB signaling increases protein levels of multiple EGF-like growth factors in epithelial cells. To better understand this process, we examined the effects of EGF receptor stimulation on the transcription and mRNA stability of TGF-α, amphiregulin (AR), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in human keratinocytes. EGF stimulation increased transcription of TGF-α, AR, and HB-EGF by 3- to 4-fold within 1 to 2 h. However, AR and HB-EGF mRNA levels peaked at 2 h and then rapidly declined, whereas TGF-α transcripts remained elevated for at least 6 h. Actinomycin D decay experiments yielded the rank order of transcript stability TGF-α > AR > HB-EGF. Interestingly, ligand treatment appeared to stabilize TGF-α and AR mRNAs, whereas HB-EGF transcripts were destabilized. These data demonstrate that gene-specific alterations in gene transcription and mRNA stability play important roles in the temporal regulation of EGF-like growth factor gene expression.
An Experimental Method for Measuring the Response of a Target to the Thermal Environment of the Fusion Reaction Chamber

An experiment has been designed to measure what happens to the ice layer inside an inertial fusion energy (IFE) target when it is injected into a reactor. This experiment uses a stationary planar, deuterium (D 2) ice target equipped with several diagnostics and directs a flux of high-temperature, high-velocity xenon (Xe) atoms (and/or D ions) at the surface. This mimics the effect of a cryogenic target moving at high velocity (up to 400 m/s) into a low-pressure, high-temperature furnace. The change in ice temperature and the extent of melting will be measured for different heat loads. The condensation rate of xenon on the target surface is measured to determine the sticking and accommodation coefficients of xenon on the target, critical parameters for assessing the temperature profile around the target. The high-temperature gas flux (2000+degC at the target) simulates the heat flux inside the fusion chamber (10 to 20times103 W/m2) at a flow rate of 7.8times10-4 g/min. The properties of the beam were experimentally characterized in terms of its temperature distribution, beam divergence, and energy flux at the target. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) monitors the growth of the Xe film on the target's surface, giving an estimate of the heat of condensation from the Xe atoms. A different method, based on a platinum (Pt) sensor placed inside the D2 target, detects the ice/liquid fraction contacting it and provides an estimation of the total heat flux through the target
Nd2 − xLaxNiO4 + δ, a mixed ionic/electronic conductor with interstitial oxygen, as a cathode material

Abstract The performance of Nd 2 − x La x NiO 4 + δ as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was evaluated in this paper. Substitution of smaller Nd 3+ ion for La 3+ in La 2 NiO 4 + δ increased the retention of mobile interstitial oxygen defects (O i ″ ions). The concentration of the O i ″ ions in Nd 2 NiO 4 + δ was stabilized at δ ≈ 0.12 at 800 °C in air after thermal cycling. As a mixed oxide-ion/electronic conductor (MIEC), Nd 2 NiO 4 + δ gave a performance comparable to that of the best perovskite cathode material, SrCo 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 − δ (SCF), for the Sm-doped ceria (SDC) electrolyte-supported SOFC. However, the Nd 2 NiO 4 + δ cathode exhibited a higher overpotential with La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.17 O 2.815 (LSGM) as the electrolyte, presumably due to the interdiffusion of La 3+ and Nd 3+ ions across the electrolyte/cathode interface and subsequent formation of ion-blocking phases at the interface. La 1.2 Nd 0.8 NiO 4 + δ , on the other hand, provided La isoactivity across the LSGM/cathode interface and therefore an improved performance with the LSGM electrolyte. Since Nd 2 − x La x NiO 4 + δ contains neither Sr nor Co, as a cathode, it might be compatible with the electrolytes such as yttria-stabilized zirconia without the need of a buffer layer.
General method for simulation of 2D GISAXS intensities for any nanostructured film using discrete Fourier transforms

A fast, flexible 2D GISAXS simulation method based on the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) has been developed for nanostructured thin films using discrete Fourier transforms of a N × N × N matrix that represents the electron density. By expressing the electron density in matrix form, various models of electron density distributions can be easily simulated and compared to experimental data. In addition to modeling the effects of overall symmetry and orientation on the relative intensities of the Bragg peaks, this approach can be used to evaluate specific details of the nanostructure such as pore connectivity, domain size, domain shape, positional disorder, orientation disorder, and polydispersity. These effects are included in a natural way without making a decoupling approximation between structure factor and form factor. The range of reciprocal space simulated is set by the size of the matrix N and the scale factor β that sets the real-space length of each matrix element, given by 1/(2Nβ) < |s| <...
Does sexual fluidity challenge sexual binaries? The case of bisexual immigrants from 1967–2012

Sexual binaries are persistent in society. Scholars argue that bisexuality, marked by sexual fluidity, complicates the reproduction of the hetero/homo divide. This article draws on archival data from multiple sources on bisexual immigrants from 1967 to 2012 to empirically test if sexual fluidity disrupts sexual binaries within the context of immigration. My findings show that instead of challenging entrenched sexual binaries, sexual fluidity helps in maintaining those boundaries. Through the process of legally coupling bisexuality with homosexuality, the exclusionary policy that denied admission to immigrants with same-sex attraction was extended to bisexuals until its repeal in 1990. However when refugee protection was expanded to include sexual minorities after 1994, bisexuality and homosexuality were decoupled, consequently denying asylum protection to bisexuals. From the standpoint of immigration policies, bisexuals are paradoxically ‘kinda’ gay but just not gay enough.
Alternative splicing of amelogenins.

Amelogenins comprise as much as 90% of the protein in the developing enamel matrix.1,2 Separating amelogenins by gel electrophoresis reveals a complex of polypeptides with apparent mobilities ranging from low molecular weight species on up to 28,000 Daltons. A major objective of our research is determine the extent to which alternative RNA splicing contributes to this heterogeneity. We have cloned seven alternatively spliced mouse amelogenin mRNAs. The predicted translation products of these messages are 194, 180, 156, 141, 74, 59, and 44 amino acids in length. The 194 residue amelogenin is the only mouse amelogenin to include a polypeptide segment encoded by exon 4, which has a deduced amino acid sequence of KSHSQAINTDRTAL. Antibodies were raised against synthetic exon 4 encoded polypeptides and used to immunostain histologic tooth sections. These data indicate that alternatively spliced amelogenin mRNAs are translated into protein and secreted into the enamel matrix.
Immunochemical evaluation of S-antigen of rabbit pineal gland

Purified S-antigen of photoreceptor cells induces experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP) in laboratory animals. However, in rabbits, S-antigen induces only EAU without EAP. To evaluate this difference, the authors studied immunochemical reactivity of rabbit pineal gland with a panel of anti-S-antigen monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Rabbit pineal gland reacted with the MAbs by ELISA and immunoblot but not by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, rabbit retina like guinea pig retina, guinea pig pineal gland and bovine retina reacted with these MAbs by immunohistochemistry as well as by ELISA and immunoblot. Also, S-antigen purified from rabbit retina reacted as did bovine and guinea pig S-antigen. Therefore, S-antigen in situ in rabbit pineal gland is different from S-antigen of rabbit retina and different from S-antigen of pineal gland and retina of other species. Just as the MAbs did not react with S-antigen in rabbit pineal gland, it is possible that S-antigen activated lymphocytes may not recognize S-antigen in rabbit pineal gland and thereby not induce EAP.
Boasts are a boost: Achievement prime self-reactivity predicts subsequent academic performance.

The present research tests the hypothesis that self-reactivity following an achievement prime reflects the strength of achievement goals and is a predictor of future goal-relevant performance. In Studies 1-3, undergraduates reported their grade-point averages (GPAs) following either an achievement goal prime or a control prime. Academic exaggeration (higher self-reported than official GPA) was the indicator of self-reactivity to the prime. Study 1 involved a direct achievement goal prime, whereas Studies 2 and 3 involved indirect priming techniques. In all 3 experiments, greater academic exaggeration following the achievement goal prime (but not the control prime) predicted better academic performance a semester later (based on official records). Study 4 demonstrated that the magnitude of students' GPA goals mediated the association between academic exaggeration and subsequent performance (1 year later). The fact that self-reactivity to a single achievement goal prime in the lab predicted later performance in "real life" suggests that individual differences in reactivity to a specific prime can signal much broader motivational orientations related to the primed goal.
CURRICULUM MODELS FOR TEACHING ANTHROPOLOGY

During the past decade there has been an increasing interest in teaching anthropology at all grade levels in U.S. schools. National programs have been developed both through federal and private funds. Textbooks, films, simulation kits, and a wide variety of teaching methods have been generated. Perhaps this is an appropriate time to examine the nature of this development and provide some synthesis upon which future development of anthropological curricula might be based. Prior to any heuristic model construction, the question, "Why teach anthropology?" must be answered. More often than not, however, the question what anthropology should be taught is the only question asked. The answer to, "What anthropology should be taught?" should depend upon the answer to, "Why teach anthropology?" The coursecurriculum selection process should be secondary to the purpose for teaching anthropology. The most common curriculum model for teaching anthropology is the subject matter model of which there may be several varieties. One such model might be referred to as the subject matter curiosity model, (A). The answer to the question, "Why teach anthropology?" for this model would be that anthropological data is interesting and may be self-selected through the interests of the students. In this fashion the curriculum model consists of a series of "cultural curiosities" which the teacher may include at random within the framework of the existing courses. In this model the data is mostly descriptive with little concept formation. A typical unit of this kind was entitled, "Houses among the Indians" (fourth grade), and included a description of an Eskimo igloo, a Northwest coast plank house, a Hopi stone house, a Plains skin tepee, and a Woodland bark wigwam. No attempt was made to discuss why different materials were used in construction, why different settlement patterns existed, nor how the people lived within the houses. Not only does this model remove cultural traits from their context, it tends to increase the opportunity for stereotyping, e.g., all Eskimos live in igloos. This approach many times encourages ethnocentrism. At a workshop in California a few years ago, some of the teachers included the following groups among a list of primitive societies: the Spanish in California, the Western pioneers, and the American colonists. Several made the distinction between primitive people and U.S. society based on the fact that primitive people had no culture. Finally, this model tends to overemphasize material culture to the neglect of other features of a culture such as social organization, religion, and politics. Among this same group of teachers, only 10% included the nonmaterial features of the societies which
Effects of pimozide on cognition in children with Tourette syndrome: interaction with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Pimozide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, dopamine uptake inhibitor and L-type calcium channel blocker, is used in children suffering from Tourette syndrome (TS), but its effect on frequently comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown. We have characterized the cognitive effects of pimozide and haloperidol in TS in relation to comorbid ADHD. Sixty-six consecutive outpatients with TS (DSM-III-R), ages 7–16, were randomly assigned to pimozide, haloperidol or medication-free clinical treatment and evaluated cognitively after 6 weeks. Continuous performance task (CPT) and memory search efficiency were compared across treatments. Treatment, comorbid ADHD and their interaction were significant on the CPT task. Pimozide treatment was superior to haloperidol and improved memory search efficiently over the no-drug condition.
The Author and Magazine Recognition Tests as Predictors of Literacy Development in Korean

Scores on the Author Recognition Test, and Magazine Recognition Test have correlated with measures of literacy development in English (51, Spanish (4), and Chinese (3). In this study, we assessed whether these measures would p r e l c t literacy development in Korean by testing 103 high school girls living in a middle-class neighborhood in Korea. All subjects fded out a questionnaire robing free readmg habits (English translation in the Appendix, p. 1378). Scoring was from 1 (a) to 4 (dl, and total raw scores were analyzed. Reliability (alpha) was .81. All subjects completed the Author Recogn~tion and Magazine Recognition tests. On the Author Recognition test. subjects indicate whether they recognize the names of authors on a list of 40 items, 36 actual Korean authbrs and 14 foils (nonauthors). To measure the amount of reading done outside the classroom, those authors who were llkely to be included in class readmgs were intentionally excluded. Before conducting the survey, we consulted Korean high school teachers of language arts for advice on moddying the items. The split-half reliability of the test was .84. The Magazine Recognition test used magazines currently in circulation in Korea ranging from current issues, sports, music, fashion, and entertainment. Teachers' advice was also considered in modification of items. The 40 items had 12 foils, the split-half reliabhty of the test was 34 . Scores for the Author Recognition and Magazine Recognition tests were corrected for guessing using the formula: S = R+ 0 / N where S = score; R = items answered correctly, 0 =items omitted, N = number of alternative answers (two in this case) (1). The dependent variable was the score on a test of 30 Korean words written in Chinese characters. Subjects were asked to write definitions in Korean. Because much of the vocabulary used in written Korean can be written in Chinese characters, ability to read Chinese characters is considered an indicator of literacy. The split-half reliability of this test was .90.
Flow Stability Analysis of Two-Phase Cooling Systems

Abstract Effective and efficient removal of heat is of critical importance in a wide range of applications, from human comfort to high power electronic devices and high efficiency photovoltaic arrays. This paper considers the stability and control of a cooling system operating in the two-phase regime. Two-phase cooling uses boiling to transfer heat from the source to the working fluid. Compared with the usual single-phase operation which relies on the temperature differential for heat transfer, boiling has superior efficiency by taking advantage of the latent heat of vaporization. However, it is known that two-phase operation is susceptible to various types of instability. We consider a cooling cycle consisting of two heat exchangers, an evaporator to extract heat from the source and a condenser to dissipate the heat to the ambient environment, and a pump and valves to regulate the flow. The heat exchangers are modeled by one-dimensional partial differential equations based on mass balance, momentum balance and energy balance. By using a novel Lyapunov function and impose the condition that the thermal subsystem time constant (in terms of enthalpy) is much slower than the fluid subsystem (in terms of pressure and mass flow rate), we obtain explicit stability condition in terms of the pressure demand curves (pressure drop as a function of the mass flow rate) of the heat exchangers. Using this Lypunov funciton, we derive passivity conditions for the fluid system which may in turn be used for flow stabilization. The general Lyapunov framework presented here may be extended to the stability analysis and control design of more complex thermodynamic systems.
Crack cocaine smokers as adult children of alcoholics: The dysfunctional family link

The paper presents data on a sample (N = 61) of crack-cocaine-dependent patients who were treated on an inpatient detoxification unit. The investigation explores adult child of an alcoholic status as a possible etiological factor in the development of addiction to crack cocaine. Data suggests the prevalence of adult child of an alcoholic (ACA) status in this population (61%). Adult child of a dysfunctional family (ACDF) status is also explored as possibly playing an important role as an antecedent or determinant of addiction. The vast majority of patients are adult children of a dysfunctional family (ACDF) of one kind or another (97%); for example, patients experienced domestic violence (25%) and physical abuse (28%). Perhaps as a result of less than ideal object relations in dysfunctional families, many patients were also diagnosed as having personality disorders (31%) or affective disorders (21%). Case vignettes augment research findings, supporting the contention that childhood development in a dysfunctional family constitutes a specific etiological factor in the development of crack cocaine dependence. The paper recommends matching crack-addicted ACAs/ACDFs to treatment modalities that address and remediate the personality and emotional problems that characterize ACAs/ACDFs.
More than Altruism: Cultural Norms and Remittances Among Hispanics in the USA

Cultural norms embody the communalism and familism that characterize social structures and traditions of care among certain identity groups, notably, Hispanics. In turn, they affect remitting behavior as they do family dynamics thereby extending care transnationally. Using the 2006 Latino National Survey, the largest instrument that captures socioeconomic variables and political perspectives among Hispanics residing in the USA, we constructed a Hispanic identity index that is used to capture the role of cultural norms in remittance behavior. This index is used as an explanatory variable in a logit model for the probability and frequency of remitting money. We find that both the probability and frequency of remitting increase with higher levels of self-defined familism as reflected by the Hispanic index. This effect is stronger among males, renters, foreign-born non-US citizens, and migrants with fewer years of residence in the USA. Incorporating variables such as our Hispanic identity index may shed light on a relatively unexplored area in the field of economics that explains remitting behavior.
Transient global amnesia with a previously unreported EEG abnormality

Abstract A case of TGA is presented in which the clinical and EEG data suggest that in certain cases discharges from mesial temporal lobe structures may be important in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The possibility of a postictal state was also discussed. Sleep recordings with nasopharyngeal electrodes are recommended in evaluating this syndrome.