cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Hosting Capacity: Using Shortest-Path Methods to Minimize Upgrade Cost Pathways

This paper presents a graph-based forward looking algorithm applied to distribution planning in the context of distributed photovoltaic penetration. We study the target hosting capacity problem where the objective is to find the least-cost sequence of system upgrades to reach a predefined hosting capacity target value. We show that commonly used short-term cost minimization approaches often lead to suboptimal long-term solutions. By comparing our method against such myopic techniques on real distribution systems, we show that our algorithm is able to reduce the overall integration costs by looking at future decisions. Because hosting capacity is hard to compute, this problem requires efficient methods to search the space. We demonstrate that heuristics using domain-specific knowledge can be efficiently used to improve the algorithm performance, such that real distribution systems can be studied.
Clandestine or Conquistadores?: Beyond Sensational Headlines, or a Literature of Urgency

In this article I propose to examine a vast range of works that deal with clandestine immigration. They include (but are not limited to) Les Clandestins (Youssouf Amine Elalamy), Cannibales (Mahi Binebine), Clandestins en Mediterranee (Fawzi Mellah), Partir (Tahal Ben Jelloun), Celles qui attendent (Fatou Diome), and Le Paradis du Nord (Essomba). The purpose of my essay is to outline the way clandestine literature describes the dream that immigrants have of Europe in general, and of France in particular, as an El Dorado they look to conquer. The El Dorado is, as we know, a myth, but in the context of this literature, it is also a cultural myth—as Barthes defines it in Mythologies —whose ultimate function is to “transform history into nature.” Consequently, the aim of this study is, first, to explore how the “culture industry” shapes the myth of the “European El Dorado” in the migrants’ minds. Secondly, I analyze the mechanisms used to construct this myth as it is suggested in the various novels and, ultimately, I discuss the ideological foundations on which this myth is based, or the “vol de language” through which it is articulated.
Toward Respectful Representation: Some Thoughts on Selling Same-Sex Marriage

The Hawaii Supreme Court's 1993 decision in Baehr v. Lewin1 has spurred considerable national debate regarding state recognition of same-sex marriage.2 Baehr held that Hawaii's refusal to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples qualified as sex discrimination under the Hawaii Constitution and remanded the case to the trial court to allow the state to try to demonstrate that it had a compelling state interest to justify the discrimination.3 Concerned about an influx of same-sex couples married in Hawaii, most states have considered, and many have adopted, explicit statutory provisions that prohibit state recognition of such marriages.4 In addition, the U.S. Congress passed,5 and President Clinton signed under cover of night,6 the Defense of Marriage Act.7 This legislation denies same-sex spouses federal benefits that accrue to married people and permits states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages performed under the auspices of other states.8 This past December, the trial court in Baehr decided that the state had failed to meet its burden on remand.9
Association of Elevated Blood Pressure in the Emergency Department With Chronically Elevated Blood Pressure

Background Emergency department (ED) visits for hypertension are rising, but the importance of elevated blood pressure (BP) measured during the ED visit is controversial. We evaluated the relations...
Impact on Participants of Family Connect, a Novel Program Linking COVID-19 Inpatients' Families With the Frontline Providers.

Abstract Purpose With clinical volumes decreased, radiologists volunteered to participate virtually in daily clinical rounds and provide communication between frontline physicians and patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their families affected by restrictive hospital visitation policies. The purpose of this survey-based assessment was to demonstrate the beneficial effects of radiologist engagement during this pandemic and potentially in future crises if needed. Methods After the program’s completion, a survey consisting of 13 multiple-choice and open-ended questions was distributed to the 69 radiologists who volunteered for a minimum of 7 days. The survey focused on how the experience would change future practice, the nature of interaction with medical students, and the motivation for volunteering. The electronic medical record system identified the patients who tested positive for or were suspected of having COVID-19 and the number of notes documenting family communication. Results In all, 69 radiologists signed or cosigned 7,027 notes. Of the 69 radiologists, 60 (87.0%) responded to the survey. All found the experience increased their understanding of COVID-19 and its effect on the health care system. Overall, 59.6% agreed that participation would result in future change in communication with patients and their families. Nearly all (98.1%) who worked with medical students agreed that their experience with medical students was rewarding. A majority (82.7%) chose to participate as a way to provide service to the patient population. Conclusion This program provided support to frontline inpatient teams while also positively affecting the radiologist participants. If a similar situation arises in the future, this communication tool could be redeployed, especially with the collaboration of medical students.
Prediction of Defaulters using Machine Learning on Azure ML

Banks and lending institutions take risk in issuing new credit cards and loans to customers. Lending institutions at large need to have their own credit risk assessment system in accordance with Basel II guidelines. Many lending institutions lose a large amount of money as they do not have an accurate model to predict defaulters. The goal of credit risk management system is to accurately predict borrowers' ability to repay loans or make credit card payments in a timely manner. Researchers have taken multitude of approaches to solve this problem, and it continues to be an active area of research. Data mining and machine learning are emerging tools that are widely used by lending institutions to predict defaulters. These tools can effectively mine large dataset which is not feasible by traditional methods. In this work, we have used different algorithms including Deep Support Vector Machine (DSVM), Boosted Decision Tree (BDT), Averaged Perceptron (AP) and Bayes Point Machine (BPM) to build various models, in an attempt to better predict defaulters. Dataset, comprising of 25 attributes and 30k instances, was obtained from the repository of machine learning, University of California, Irvine (UCI). Our results show that, of all the four models used, DSVM can best predict defaulters. We believe that these models can be used to better predict defaulters by credit risk management system in banking and lending institutions.
Additive manufacturing of embedded carbon nanocomposite structures with multi-material digital light processing (MMDLP)

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become an increasingly powerful technique for fabricating complex three-dimensional micro-architectures for a wide variety of applications. Despite the multitude of AM techniques that support single material printing at progressively higher throughput, larger build size, and finer spatial resolution, multi-material printing of interlaced structures with one of the materials being a filled composite has not been demonstrated. This work aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility of fabricating such heterogeneous structures using a custom-built multi-material digital light processing (MMDLP) 3D printer. The printer was equipped with two resin dispensers and an air-jet that enable fast exchange between the resins—one of which was filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) up to 0.25%. The inclusion of CNTs reduced the cure depth of the resins, but significantly lowered the critical exposure required to initiate the photopolymerization. This information was successfully used to select appropriate process parameters for printing complex CNT-filled multi-material structures.
Crecimiento Económico Desarticulado y sus Consecuencias en el Paises del Tercer Mundo

El presente articulo destaca la importancia que tiene el concepto de articulacion para el estudio del desarrollo en el tercer mundo. El crecimiento desarticulado se define como la ausencia de correspondencia entre el crecimiento de la produccion y del consumo, por un lado, y la debil vinculacion entre los sectores economicos. Respecto al sector agricola, se plantea que los ingresos generados por las exportaciones no se han traducido en mejores salarios, ni en mayores inversiones, ni un mayor crecimiento del sector productor de alimentos basicos. Se asume, al mismo tiempo que el concepto de desarticulacion tiene una extraordinaria importancia para la formulacion de un instrumento para el diseno de una politica alternativa dirigida a alcanzar un crecimiento con equidad. Se intenta. asimismo, delerminar el impacto que la desarticulacion tiene en el consumo de alimentos, el cual, a su vez, constituye un indicador del bienestar de la poblacion. Se maneja la hipotesis de que altos niveles de desarticulacion estarian asociados con niveles decrecientes de consumo de alimentos, examinandose al respecto, un total de 65 paises del tercer mundo. Los resultados preliminares revevan la consistencia de esta hipotesis. El articulo concluye postulando algunas estrategias metodologicas para determinar les diversos grados de desarticulacion para futuras investigaicones, y la connotacion politica que tendria el aplicar medidas especificas dirigidas a aminorar la desarticulacion en la economias del tercer mundo. Abstract Towards an Assessment of Disarticulation and Its Consequences on Food Consumption in Third World Countries This paper discusses the relevance that disarticulation has for third world development. Disarticulated growth is defined by the lack of relationships between the growth in production and consumption functions of the economy and weak forward and backward linkages between economic sectors. In relation to the agricultural sector, it is argued that earnings from agricultural exports have not been translated into better salaries for workers or into higher investment and growth of the staple food sector. Assessing disarticulation has extraordinary importance for the formulation of an alternative policy instrument aimed at achieving growth with equity. The impact of disarticulation on food consumption, a measurement of population well being, is tested. It is hypothesized that higher levels of disarticulation are associated with decreasing levels of food consumption. A sample of 65 Third World countries is examined. Various complementary measurements of disarticulation and food consumption are tested. Preliminary results render support to the hipothesized relationship. The paper concludes by suggesting some alternative methodological strategies to approach the measurement of disarticulation in future research. Finally, the political connotation of implementing specific measures tending to decrease the disarticulated character of Third World economies are discussed.
Women artists: gender, ethnicity, origin and contemporary prices

Women account for slightly more than half of persons who identify some version of visual artist as their occupation in the USA, and account for slightly less than half of the recipients of MFA degrees. Despite this, works by female artists constitute approximately 7% of the works offered for sale at global auction houses. The works sell for substantially lower prices, with unadjusted discounts in mean price generally in excess of 40%. In this paper, we explore this problem in detail, examining how much of the gender price gap remains after adjusting for characteristics of the artworks, conditions of sale and image content and complexity. We explore how the gender gap is influenced by artist ethnicity and region of birth, and document what appear to be important distinctions and changes over the past 25–30 years. We consider a variety of possible explanations including whether works by women artists are substantially different in characteristics or content than works by other artists, whether they are avoided by the premier auction houses and whether they tend to fail to sell at auction more frequently. This allows us to reduce the range of possible explanations for why these differences continue to be observed, and provide directions for future research.
Joint Laser Charging and DBS Placement for Drone-assisted Edge Computing

Deploying a drone-mounted base-station (DBS) to assist mobile edge computing can empower 5G and beyond networks with additional flexibility and maneuverability, and laser charging can potentially extend the DBSs service time. A laser charging DBS framework is proposed in which a DBS is provisioning services for user equipments (UEs) on the ground and harvesting energy transmitted from the laser charging station mounted on the macro base station (MBS). Both MBS and DBS are equipped with servers. UEs can offload their tasks to either the MBS or the DBS. The DBS is to be placed at the optimal location to provide uplink communications and computing services for the ground UEs in each time slot. We thus formulate the joint user AssoCiation bandwidth and Computation ResoUrce Assignment Laser charing (ACCRUAL) problem to jointly maximize the DBS service time and minimize the task completion time for all UEs. Since ACCRUAL is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, we decompose it into two subproblems: the joint UE association computing REsource And bandwidth allocation Problem (REAP) and the DBS placement problem. An iterative algorithm is employed to solve the REAP problem and a placement algorithm based on counting sort is used to tackle the DBS placement problem. The performance of our algorithm is superior to the greedy algorithm and equally shared resource allocation algorithm upon which the total UE task offloading completion time is improved by more than 9% as compared to the greedy algorithm and the total DBS service time is improved by 20% when the laser power is 200 w and 40% of the DBS service time is improved when the laser power is 400 w.
Probleme beim Weißblechschweißen

Die ersten Nahtschweisversuche an Weisblech nach herkommlichen Verfahren zeigten bald, das man offenbar infolge der Eigenart dieses Werkstoffs andere Schweisbedingungen ermitteln und verfeinerte Verfahren entwickeln muste, um auch hier einwandfreie Ergebnisse zu erzielen.
Cyclopropanation of Silyl Enol Ethers, Chemistry of Trimethylsilyloxycyclopropanes

The electron rich C-C double bond of silyl enol ethers readily reacts with electrophilic carbenes to yield silyloxycyclopropanes. These are highly reactive compounds due to the cyclopropyl ring strain.
Heartbeat: Measuring active user base and potential user interest in FLOSS projects

This paper presents a novel method and algorithm to measure the size of an open source project’s user base and the level of potential user interest that it generates. Previously unavailable download data at a daily resolution confirms hypothesized patterns related to release cycles. In short, regular users rapidly download the software after a new release giving a way to measure the active user base. In contrast, potential new users download the application independently of the release cycle, and the daily download figures tend to plateau at this rate when a release has not been made for some time. An algorithm for estimating these measures from download time series is demonstrated and the measures are examined over time in two open source projects.
Adenine affects the structure and stability of telomeric sequences

Adenine occurs in the strand containing repeated G clusters in the telomeric DNA of a variety of organisms, including that of humans. The role of adenine has been investigated by constructing two sets of oligonucleotides each with one, two, or four copies of the telomeric sequence dTTTAGGG together with a control sequence in which T replaces the A residue, dTTTTGGG. Comparison of the stability and spectral properties of these two sequences in the presence of Na+ or K+ affords a basis for defining the role of adenine in these structures. In Na+, the A residue stabilizes the structure formed by each oligomer significantly, presumably by a base-pairing interaction with T. In K+, by contrast, there is little difference in stability. In two- and four-copy oligomers, the A sequence has a different structure from its T analog, as detected by CD spectroscopy. In the presence of either Na+ or K+, the tetraplexes of A and T interact with intercalators.
Assessing the potential impact on poverty of rising cereals prices : the case of Ghana

Concerns have been raised about the impact of rising food prices worldwide on the poor. To assess the (short term) impact of rising food prices in any particular country it is necessary to look at both the impact on food producers (who benefit from an increase in prices) and food consumers (who loose out when the price increases), with a focus on poor producers and consumers. In Ghana, the impact of a change in the price of rice is not ambiguous because a large share of the rice consumed is imported, so that the negative impact for consumers is much larger than the positive impact for producers. For maize by contrast, the impact is ambiguous since much of the consumption is locally produced. Using a recent and comprehensive household survey, this paper provides an assessment of the potential impact of higher food prices on the poor in Ghana using both simple statistical analysis and non-parametric methods. The paper finds that rising food prices for rice, maize, and other cereals would together lead to an increase in poverty, but that by contrast to a number of other countries, this increase, while not negligible, may not be as large as feared.
Generalized Schrodinger Equations for Shifts, Widths, and Wave Functions of Atomic and Molecular States in Dense Matter

There are a variety of approaches to the definition and calculation of wave functions of atoms and molecules immersed in a perturbing medium. These include (1) the self-consistent field method, (2) the microfield method, (3) the Bethe-Salpeter equation, (4) determination of the discrete eigenfunctions of an appropriate reduced density matrix, and (5) variational methods based on the existence of bound-state poles of appropriate Green's functions and the dependence of the positions of these poles on the bound state wave functions. After brief review of approaches (1)–(4) with emphasis on their limitations, the approach (5), which leads to generalized Schrodinger equations for simultaneous determination of shifts, widths, and wave functions of medium-perturbed bound states, will be described in more detail. This approach makes use of Liouville-space methods and is sufficiently general to encompass both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of the medium. Some explicit results are obtained for a partially ionized hydrogen plasma.
Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations of International Criminal Convictions

In this short article, written for the American Journal of International Law, Professor Linda Malone reviews the 2010 book, by Nancy A. Combs, Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations of International Criminal Convictions. In Fact Finding Without Facts, Combs examines international criminal tribunes and discusses hard truths about the criminal justice system.
Urban Governance and Development of Informality in China and India

This chapter contrasts the process of urbanization in China and in India. It characterizes the differences in outcomes with regard to the provision of urban infrastructure and the development of informality in each country. The role of local autonomy and governance structures help to explain extraordinary differences in per capita levels of infrastructure and in levels of informality in urban real estate and labor markets. In China, incentives for local urban growth, combined with the practice of Hukou — household registration permit limiting access to the rapidly developing cities — has resulted in massive growth of a formally housed new urban middle class but with important social and environmental limitations. In India, on the other hand, urbanization, although slower, occurs outside of formal institutional processes without adequate financing and delivery of public goods and services, resulting in large-scale informality. The chapter concludes with a comparison of the challenges faced by China and India in managing their continued urban growth.
Temperature differences in reproductive tract of nonpregnant ewe

Abstract Using thermocouples encased in polyvinyl catheters, we measured temperatures of aorta, uterine cavity, surface of the uterus, cervical cuff, a main uterine vein, vagina, surface of the liver, and cavity of the rumen of waking, unstressed ewes. Estrone, estradiol, and estriol administration resulted in a significant reduction in the temperature difference, Δ T , between tissues of the reproductive tract and the aorta but not between other areas of the abdominal cavity and the aorta. Injection of serum gonadotrophins for two days to an anestrous ewe with intact ovaries resulted in a reduced Δ T ut. cav.-aorta also. Estrogen injected or released endogenously appears to cause a dissociation between the rate of heat loss from the reproductive tract and its rate of heat production. An abrupt increase in Δ T ut. cav.-aorta occurred in estrogen-treated ewes after infusions of epinephrine, oxytocin, and Pituitrin, presumably as the result of a marked reduction in blood flow and, hence, heat loss from the uterus.
Improved Detection of Microsatellite Instability in Early Colorectal Lesions.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in over 90% of Lynch syndrome cancers and is considered a hallmark of the disease. MSI is an early event in colon tumor development, but screening polyps for MSI remains controversial because of reduced sensitivity compared to more advanced neoplasms. To increase sensitivity, we investigated the use of a novel type of marker consisting of long mononucleotide repeat (LMR) tracts. Adenomas from 160 patients, ranging in age from 29–55 years old, were screened for MSI using the new markers and compared with current marker panels and immunohistochemistry standards. Overall, 15 tumors were scored as MSI-High using the LMRs compared to 9 for the NCI panel and 8 for the MSI Analysis System (Promega). This difference represents at least a 1.7-fold increase in detection of MSI-High lesions over currently available markers. Moreover, the number of MSI-positive markers per sample and the size of allelic changes were significantly greater with the LMRs (p = 0.001), which increased confidence in MSI classification. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the LMR panel for detection of mismatch repair deficient lesions were 100% and 96%, respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of the MSI Analysis System were 67% and 100%; and for the NCI panel, 75% and 97%. The difference in sensitivity between the LMR panel and the other panels was statistically significant (p<0.001). The increased sensitivity for detection of MSI-High phenotype in early colorectal lesions with the new LMR markers indicates that MSI screening for the early detection of Lynch syndrome might be feasible.
Battle for Alphas: Hedge Funds versus Long-Only Portfolios

The study reported here empirically examined whether the alphas of hedge funds and those of long-only portfolios present different distributions and are derived from different risk factors. Adjusted for return volatility differences, hedge funds seem to offer more consistent alphas for potential transfer to either equity or bond asset classes than do long-only portfolios—even under extreme market conditions. Potential explanations for the findings include lack of data reliability and differences between hedge funds and actively managed long-only funds in compensation, investment constraints, and structures. Factors related to market index returns do not adequately detect hedge funds' risk postures beyond a fund's exposure to the market-directional risk of standard asset classes. Risk factors derived from asset prices in financial markets do provide timely and systematic descriptions of the risks underlying trading strategies used by hedge funds. The multifactor style-risk analysis presented here can effec...
The Need for Repeat Diagnostic Testing for the Identification of Ovarian Pathology in a Patient with Anti-NMDA Receptor Limbic Encephalitis (P6.034)

Objective: To describe an atypical presentation of anti-NMDA receptor limbic encephalitis, difficulties in diagnosis and evaluate the adequacy of current diagnostic techniques Background: An 18-year girl presented with shaking movements, agitation, and unusual behavior. Symptoms were preceded by headache and suspected sinusitis 2 weeks prior. Initial EEG demonstrated slowing but later a delta brush pattern. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated a mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. MRI of the brain was within normal range. Initial CT of the abdomen and pelvis, Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound, and MRI abdomen were normal. Hospital Course: Paraneoplastic process was suspected and complete assessment for infectious and neoplastic disorders was initiated. Serum paraneoplastic panel was sent with expectation of 2 week delay to the results. Patient behavior continued to worsen with increasing agitation eventually requiring intubation and sedation. CSF for NMDA receptor antibodies was sent. The patient was treated with high dose steroid, plasmapharesis, and immune modulating therapy with Rituximab. Multiple repeat transvaginal ultrasounds and abdominal MRI demonstrated normal or nonspecific findings. Ongoing discussion with the patient’s family and gynecology specialists regarding risks and benefits of surgical intervention for suspected ovarian pathology were pursued in the setting of nonspecific imaging results. Fourth transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated possible left dermoid. CSF antibodies returned positive and the patient was taken for unilateral oophorectomy with pathology demonstrating teratoma. The patient made nearly full recovery over the coming weeks. Conclusion: Limbic encephalitis secondary to NMDA receptor antibodies is becoming more recognized and often related to ovarian pathology. Testing of paraneoplastic antibodies in CSF and repeat imaging examination may be necessary for identification of the underlying pathology. We recommend repeating highest yield diagnostic testing in situations of high clinical suspicion. Further research to identify a single, rapid test with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is needed in order to expedite diagnosis and treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Bahouth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pardo-Villamizar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnston has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink Neurology.
Savant-ML Modeling Library for Fluid-Thermal Building Control and Simulation

Buildings are pervasive in our society, but inefficiencies in operation and control make buildings significant sources of pollution, emissions, and significant consumers of resources. Recent advances in real-time multi-objective control optimization allow models of increasing fidelity to be used in control of large-scale multiple-input multiple-output systems with overlapping actuation and coupled non-linear dynamics. Unfortunately, current building system modeling and simulation tools lack the necessary functionality or appropriate fidelity for real-time control and planning of a building system. In this paper we present Savant-ML - a finite element aero-thermal model and software library for creating models of total building systems that is designed for online estimation, optimal planning and real-time control in an integrated full-building control system. We present the current model formulation using a finite-volume discretization scheme of the Navier-Stokes equations, describe the software implementation and organization, and present initial experimental results using data from an instrumented smart-building experiment to estimate the states and parameters in the model.
Multi-Market Impacts of Market-Based Recycling Initiatives

ABSTRACT In 1995 the average tipping fee in the state of New York was $70/ton, with some landfills charging as high as $100.1 In New Jersey, fees reached prices as high as $165/ton.2 With budget crises occurring at all levels of government, economists, environmental scientists, policy-makers, and others are scrambling to find alternatives to waste disposal. Recycling as a solution has risen to the forefront, most likely because it both saves landfill space and may use fewer resources than virgin material processing. At every level of government, policies are being set that encourage recycling. Unfortunately, some of these programs may be resulting in unintended and undesirable side effects. To understand these effects, a broader view of the many factors involved in materials use, waste generation, and disposal is necessary. Within this paper, the broader view is considered, including a discussion of the externalities that exist in the markets affected by waste and an analysis of the effects on all alterna...
Optimized Terawatt-Laser-Driven Plasma Acceleration

We globally optimize a terawatt-laser-driven wakefield accelerator by systematically varying laser and target parameters to achieve 100 MeV monoenergetic electrons, <10% energy spread, 100 pC charge, <4 mrad divergence and 100% reproducibility.
Performance analysis of InAs/Ga(In)Sb strained layer superlattice detectors and focal plane arrays

InAS/GaSb-based Type-II Strained-Layer Superlattice detectors (T2SLS) attract increasing interest for the development of high sensitivity large format mid- and long-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays. This paper will discuss the T2SLS detector performance requirements and readout integrated circuit (ROIC) noise levels for several staring array long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging applications at various background levels. It will show a calculation of the dark current originated by various mechanisms and dependence on the minority carrier lifetime. Advanced heterojunction-based designs in T2SLS detector material have already demonstrated LWIR detectors with sufficient performance for tactical applications and potential for strategic applications. However, significant research is needed to suppress surface leakage current in order to reproduce performances at pixel levels of T2SLS focal plane arrays.
The treatment of vibrational anharmonicity in either polar or Cartesian normal coordinates

Abstract It is shown that the results of a second-order perturbation treatment of the anharmonic problem in a symmetric molecule which has degenerate modes depend on whether the normal coordinates associated with the degenerate modes are written in a polar or a Cartesian representation. The difference between these results stems from the neglect, in the Cartesian treatment, of off-diagonal quartic operators which couple exactly degenerate vibrational states. When these are taken into account the polar and Cartesian treatments yield identical results.
Integrin α2β1 targeted GdVO4:Eu ultrathin nanosheet for multimodal PET/MR imaging.

Multifunctional nanoprobes open exciting possibilities for accurate diagnosis and therapy. In this research, we developed a 64Cu-labeled GdVO4:4%Eu two-dimension (2D) tetragonal ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) that simultaneously possess radioactivity, fluorescence, and paramagnetic properties for multimodal imaging. The carboxyl-functionalized Eu3+-doped GdVO4 NSs were synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction, followed by ligand exchange with polyacrylic acid (PAA). With ultrathin thickness of ∼5 nm and width of ∼150 nm, the carboxyl-functionalized NSs were further modified by DOTA chelator for 64Cu labeling and Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA) peptide for integrin α2β1 targeting. After initial evaluation of the cytotoxicity and targeting capability with PC-3 cells, the obtained multifunctional nanoprobes (64Cu-DOTA-GdVO4:4%Eu-DGEA) were further explored for targeted positron emission tomography (PET) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of PC-3 tumor (prostate cancer, high integrin α2β1 expression) in vivo. Based on the strong fluorescence of the NSs, the particle distribution in mouse tissues was also determined by fluorescent microscopy. In summary, GdVO4:4%Eu NS is a potential multimodal multiscale nanoprobe that could not only be used for in vivo imaging, but also be tracked in cellular scale and ex vivo due to its fluorescent property.
Optical Crystallographic Properties of Some Glucocorticoids

The optical crystallographic properties of 17 water-insoluble glucocorticoids are reported. These data are of value for purposes of identification, determination of purity, and the data could be used in helping to determine molecular orientation in X-ray analysis as evidenced by the work of Bernal (1). The molar refraction values for the 17 compounds have been experimentally determined and compared with the calculated values. Attention has been called to the variation of the atomic refraction value for fluorine. Photomicrographs of characteristic crystals of the 17 steroids are included.
The Sociology of Teaching Graduate Statistics

statistical practice in sociology swirls with intellectual activity-including technological progress, cutting-edge advancement, and intense controversy and debate-the same cannot be said of statistical teaching in sociology.' Unfortunately, on the other hand, this is also a time when disproportionably few can and want to teach advanced methods, when software and textbooks are increasingly "user-friendly" to the point of speciousness, and when students too often leave our courses more relieved than anything else. Writing over a decade ago, Hubert Blalock (1989:448) expressed "deep concern" over the increasing tendency in sociology to "substitute training in techniques and the uncritical use of computer programs [for] more in-depth knowledge that places a higher premium on the understanding of underlying assumptions and their implications for theoretical interpretations of research findings." This concern was compounded by his sense that typical students receive "much the same training as did students...when [he] began teaching in 1954." To the extent that this situation has received insufficient attention in the disci-
Evaluating the risk of climate change to nuclear waste disposal

A hierarchy of models is being developed to represent the changes in climate that could occur in the next 10,000 years at proposed nuclear waste repository sites in the U.S. Three levels of modeling of the global aspects of climate change are included. At the broadest level a multitude of theoretical representations are being considered, most based upon the Milankovitch theory. A set of at least 150 situations will be examined, and those of concern for site stability will be screened for more thorough analysis at the next level of detail. The screening criteria include estimation of the probability of the event; the level of probability which must be considered (0.0001) requires use of the most detailed paleoclimatic records available. Uncertainty in the results will be evaluated by comparison of model reconstructions to the paleoclimatic record and by Monte Carlo analyses.
The Tongue Only Works Without Worries: Sentiment and Sustenance in a Mozambican Town

This essay details how the foodways of an African town form and are informed by local conceptions of affective state, as reliant on embeddedness in the social order. Emotion both modifies appetite and determines foods’ perceived capacities to proffer energy to a consumer, with sanguine persons and foods mutually constituting one another. This makes the body not only a product of nutrition but also a determinant of it. Ethnographic data detail ethnophysiological concepts of digestion and food categorization as based on somatic experience, making a strong case for local foodways as a system that is felt as much as it is thought and intimately integrated within the moral imagination. This is especially noteworthy in a location where poverty and veritable culinary simplicity can give an impression that foodways are dictated by material conditions alone.
Expanded Nonhuman Primate Tregs Exhibit a Unique Gene Expression Signature and Potently Downregulate Alloimmune Responses

We have established two complementary strategies for purifying naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) from rhesus macaques in quantities that would be sufficient for use as an in vivo cellular therapeutic. The first strategy identified Tregs based on their being CD4+/CD25(bright). The second incorporated CD127, and purified Tregs based on their expression of CD4 and CD25 and their low expression of CD127. Using these purification strategies, we were able to purify as many as 1x10(6) Tregs from 120 cc of peripheral blood. Cultures of these cells with anti-CD3, anti-CD28 and IL-2 over 21 days yielded as much as a 450-fold expansion, ultimately producing as many as 4.7x10(8) Tregs. Expanded Treg cultures potently inhibited alloimmune proliferation as measured by a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester- mixed lymphocyte reaction (CFSE-MLR) assay even at a 1:100 ratio with responder T cells. Furthermore, both responder-specific and third-party Tregs downregulated alloproliferation similarly. Both freshly isolated and cultured Tregs had gene expression signatures distinguishable from concurrently isolated bulk CD4+ T-cell populations, as measured by singleplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gene array. Moreover, an overlapping yet distinct gene expression signature seen in freshly isolated compared to expanded Tregs identifies a subset of Treg genes likely to be functionally significant.
Use of computerized symbolic integration in finite element development

Computerized symbolic integration is used in developing finite element programs. Several classes of integrals which arise in two-dimensional problems are examined to determine whether symbolic integration can compete with numerical quadrature. Group theoretic techniques are employed to reduce the amount of symbolic computation.
Command execution in a heterogeneous environment

As a user's computing environment grows from a single time-shared host to a network of specialized and general-purpose machines, the capability for the user to access all of these resources in a consistent and transparent manner becomes desirable. Instead of viewing commands as binary files, we expect the user to view commands as services provided by servers in the network. The user interacts with a personal workstation that locates and executes services on his behalf.Executing a single service provided by any server in the network is useful, but the user would also like to combine services from different machines to perform complex computations. To provide this facility we expand on the UNIX notion of pipes to a generalized pipeline mechanism containing services from a variety of servers. In this paper we explain the merits of a multi-machine pipeline for solving problems of accessing services in a heterogeneous environment. We also give a design and performance evaluation of a general mechanism for multi-machine pipes using the DARPA UDP and TCP protocols.
Personality in a Religious Commune: CPIs in Rajneeshpuram

From 1981 to 1985 in the high desert of Oregon, followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh built a city on a 100-square-mile ranch. They attracted red-clothed Rajneeshees and controversy from around the world. As part of the only largescale program of surveys and systematic research on the ranch, a sample of 67 Rajneeshees (34 women and 33 men with a mean age of 35) took the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The mean t scores on the 20 profiled scales of Raineeshee men and women were similar to one another and dissimilar to the norm group on several scales. They scored particularly high on In (Independence) and Fx (Flexibility). In general they were high on the interpersonal style sector and mildly low on the sector covering conformity and socialization. A new method for producing a prototypical person's results, the quasi-individualized profile, is illustrated. On the recently developed structural model of the CPI, Rajneeshees were strongly norm doubting (Deltas and Gammas), and about evenly split betwe...
Equatorial coronal arches and geomagnetic disturbance

Central-meridian passage of coronal equatorial arches is followed, statistically, after about 7 days by geomagnetic disturbance. Sector-boundary crossings at Earth are most likely to occur 5 days after arch CMP, while metric noise sources cluster at the location of the arches. This agrees with the location of the noise sources relative to sector boundaries described by Sakurai and Stone (1971), rather than with that found by Martres et al. (1970) for 1964 and 1966, and may indicate evolution of the relation between coronal and interplanetary structure. We looked for, but did not find, clustering of coronal arches at a particular phase of the Olsen rotation scheme.
Boundary-layer transition extent measurements on a cone and flat plate at Mach 3.5

Wide excursions of the boundary-layer transition region are expected to occur on the X-30 National Aerospace Plane (NASP) due to the high Mach number, high temperature, and low density environment experienced during flight. Undesirable features of the transition region, such as the peak heat transfer rate, make it important to understand transition region physics. The current study investigates transition extent in 2D and axisymmetric bounday-layer flows. Surface-pitot and recovery temperature data obtained on a cone and flat plate at Mach 3.5 in the Supersonic Low-Disturbance Pilot Tunnel at NASA Langley are presented. Results show the effects of the unit Reynolds number, freestream disturbances, and nose/leading-edge bluntness on the extent of transition.
Atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons: Formation of hydroperoxides and peroxyacids

Abstract Hydrocarbons at ppm levels in air have been oxidized in the absence of nitrogen oxides. Chlorine atoms served as initiators of the oxidations. Infrared analysis showed alkyl hydroperoxides to be formed early in the oxidation sequences. Aldehydes and ketones were also formed, followed by the appearance of peroxyacids. Peroxyacetic acid was found to be an especially stable reaction product. Laboratory rate data and recent atmospheric measurements of NO, NO2 and HO2 indicate that hydroperoxides and peroxyacids are also formed in the real atmosphere.
Dormancy and longevity of annual ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ) as affected by soil type, depth, rainfall, and duration of burial

Effects of soil type, time, depth of seed burial and rainfall pattern were investigated on the longevity of glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in the northern summer rainfall dominant grain region of Australia in a 16 month experiment conducted under polyhouse conditions. Lolium rigidum seeds placed in nylon bags were buried in pots at 5 and 10 cm depth in either Laureldale (clay) or Kirby (sandy loam) soil receiving simulated rainfall representing a Tamworth (summer) and Hamilton (winter) rainfall environment of Australia. The bags were exhumed every four months and tested for percent viable, germinable, dormant and dead seeds. In the short term (several months), factors such as soil type, rainfall and depth of burial affected the fate and condition of L. rigidum seeds and emergence pattern of seedlings. However, irrespective of treatment, all seeds lost their viability after 16 months of burial. Hence, in the longer term, L. rigidum behaviour in this summer dominant rainfall environment with different soils is likely to be similar to that where the weed occurs more commonly in the southern Mediterranean regions of Australia. Maximum emergence in the polyhouse occurred during mid autumn similar to that in the field. The results from this experiment will allow for the development of management strategies which may enhance the depletion of the soil seedbank of viable L. rigidum seeds in the shortest possible time.
Infrared Absorption Due to H2O and D2O in a Fluorozirconate Glass

A comparative study of infrared absorption due to H2O and D2O impurities in a fluorozirconate glass (53ZrF4·20BaF2·4LaF3·3AlF3·20NaF) was carried out. The H2O and D2O were introduced into the glass by reaction of the surface at 260°C with H2O and D2O vapor entrained in a stream of N2. Reaction with H2O produced IR absorption bands at 2.9 μm (O–H stretch) and 6.1 μm (H2O bend). Reaction with D2O produced bands at 3.9 μm (O–D stretch) and 8.3 μm (D2O bend). The ratios of the corresponding D2O/H2O peak frequencies are 0.74 for both the stretching and bending vibrations, in good agreement with the value of 0.727 predicted from the difference in the OH and OD reduced masses.
The Plain Style in the Seventeenth Century: Gender and the History of Scientific Discourse:

This article analyzes the statements on plain style made by Royal Society writers and seventeenth-century women writers. Using scholarship in feminist rhetorical theory, the article concludes that Royal Society plain stylists constructed scientific discourse as a masculine form of discourse by purging elements that were associated with femininity, such as emotional appeals. The article also discusses how women writers, particularly Margaret Cavendish, embraced a plain style more out of concern for their audience than out of a desire to eliminate undesirable feminine attributes. The implications of this historical study for understanding of current practice are noted.
Huastec noncrop resource management: Implications for prehistoric rain forest management

The Huastec have interacted with elements of a diverse flora in northeastern Mexico for 30 centuries. A Huastec plant-management model is derived from patterns reflected in all anthropogenic vegetation zones, from the dooryard to the forest, and used to discuss the possible effects of human activities upon the prehistoric rain forest. Huastec plant management is discussed from an analytical perspective which views plant management as resulting from the integration of two types of plant manipulation: the manipulation of vegetation en masse and the manipulation of individual plants. Decisions about plant manipulation reflect a concern for minimal labor investment to place the resource at hand. Noncrop plant manipulation practices potentially influence the evolution of individual plants and plant communities primarily by affecting species' distribution and population parameters. Since the impact of plant-management practices clearly goes beyond domestication, ways of evaluating such practices in order to expand our understanding of ethnobotanical interactions and their impact are suggested.