cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Purpose of reviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapy has evolved over the past few decades as modern chemo-immunotherapy significantly improved the response and survival of CLL patients. However, treatment toxicity of the intensive chemo-immunotherapy often limits its use in the mostly elderl
Characteristics of Open Source Software Projects for the General Population: Reciprocity and Network Effects

In this paper, we conceptualize about, and empirically test for, differences between the more traditional Open Source Software (OSS) projects that are aimed towards techies-only and the projects that are aimed towards the general population. By drawing upon the theories of Reciprocity and Network Effects, we propose that OSS projects for techies-only are more likely to exhibit characteristics that are explained by balanced reciprocity, whereas OSS projects for the general population are more likely to show characteristics that are rooted in generalized reciprocity. In addition, we propose that local network effects can be used to explain certain characteristics of OSS projects for techies-only, whereas direct and indirect network effects shape the corresponding characteristics of OSS projects for the general population differently. The findings support our hypotheses and lead us to recommend actions for OSS projects targeted towards the general population, as well as suggestions for future research.
An Artificial Physics Approach to Plume Detection with Fixed Wing UAVs

Plume detection using small UAVs requires algorithms that account for sensor mechanics, plume dynamics and vehicle performance. Most sensors have a sampling phase between one half second and up to one minute, during which it e ectively collects a line integral of the concentration along the ight path. This is followed by an analysis period of up to ten seconds, during which time the sensor does not sample the air. This requires UAVs to follow paths to maximize dwell time in the plume, paths that are best approximated as streamlines. We show how to use a vortex panel method to generate an arti cial force eld to guide UAVs on streamline paths based on the average wind to maximize dwell time in a plume if it is present. By combining the streamline \forces" with inter-agent \forces" using physicomimetics, we demonstrate how an autonomous swarm of UAVs can quickly nd the cross-wind edges of a plume and, if the sensors sample and analyze fast enough, provide a means of quickly locating the source of a plume.
Sex Pheromone Chemistry of the Southwestern Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Chemical analyses and field bioassays were conducted to identify major components of the sex pheromone of the southwestern pine tip moth, Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar). E-9-dodecenyl acetate was the most abundant pheromone component in gland washes, with 0.5–1.5 ng per female equivalent. Z-9-dodecenyl acetate, and E and Z-9-dodecenol were also present. A ratio of about 80:20 E:Z-9-dodecenyl acetate was the most attractive bait in field trapping. No males were caught in traps baited with a blend of E and Z-9-dodecenol, and addition of these alcohols at about a 3: 1 acetate/alcohol ratio did not improve attractiveness to E and Z-9-dodecenyl acetate baits. The role of pheromones in mating isolation of Rhyacionia species is discussed.
Discussant Comment on the Expression of Espoused Humanizing Values in Organizational Practice

Reell proudly celebrated and reinforced its values through various business practices that the authors effectively analyze. The recession that began in 2008 had a shattering impact on Reell profitably and raised concerns regarding the firm’s viability. While multiple factors contributed to the severe impact of the recession on Reell’s business model, the authors highlight the aggressive debt-financed expansion strategy undertaken by the firm in the years preceding the recession as a key factor. As the 2008 recession took hold, demand and credit dried up, and Reell was in serious financial straits. In this light, it is understandable that management decided that employee layoffs were necessary for the firm to survive.
Evaluation Method for Concrete Pole Safety of Overhead Transmission Line

It is common for the concrete poles of overhead transmission lines to crack in protection layer and rust in reinforcement due to the long-term load action and poor environment,which has significant adverse impacts on the function of overhead transmission lines.Based on the characteristics and relevant research results of concrete poles,a three-phase assessment system,an AHP(analytic hierarchy process)-based assessment method and a structural reliability theory-based gradation method are proposed respectively for the safety,safety state and safety performance of the concrete poles of overhead transmission lines.With these research results a complete safety assessment system is established for the concrete poles of overhead transmission lines,which is significant for accurately understanding the health state of the concrete poles,perfecting the service work of equipment and ensuring the steady function of overhead transmission lines.
Hazards and Precautions for the Patient and the Doctor in Diagnostic Roentgenology

Sufficiently large amounts of ionizing radiation can cause death; possible non-lethal effects of large doses include cancer, atrophy of irradiated tissue, depression of immune reactions, and sterility. The authors claim that x-ray examination is justified only when diagnostic benefits outweigh the hazards. Results of a study to determine the amount of gonadal and bodily exposure during common x-ray examinations at a typical hospital are presented along with measures to be taken to reduce the gonadal dose.
Monistic and Theistic Hierarchies of Mysticism

In this chapter I will compare a monistic and a theistic hierarchical typology. As developed in Chapter 1, there are two fundamental assumptions of the experiential-constructivist epistemology of mysticism: that there exist a variety of spiritual realities that a mystic might directly experience, and the conceptual categories by which she or he encounters and interprets these spiritual realities depends, in part at least, upon the realities themselves. The mystic is involved in spiritual advancement and learning which occurs in the experiential interaction between the mystic and genuine spiritual realities.
Tuberculosis-associated Fibrosing Mediastinitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare condition defined by the presence of fibrotic mediastinal infiltrates that obliterate normal fat planes. It is a late complication of a previous granulomatous infection, such as histoplasmosis or tuberculosis (TB). Due to its rarity, fibrosing mediastinitis is often under-recognized, and the clinical presentation is variable and dependent on the extent of infiltration or encasement of structures within the mediastinum. We present a case of fibrosing mediastinitis in a man with a prior history of TB, who presented with progressive dyspnea and was found to have chronic mediastinal soft tissue opacities and pulmonary hypertension. His diagnosis was delayed due to the lack of recognition of this clinical/radiographic entity. Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare entity usually caused by granulomatous disease. Most cases develop as a late complication of histoplasmosis or TB. The presence of calcified mediastinal soft tissue infiltrates on advanced chest imaging can be diagnostic of fibrosing mediastinitis in patients with a prior history of a granulomatous infection once active processes such as malignancy are excluded.
Effects of Social Needs Screening and In-Person Service Navigation on Child Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Social determinants of health shape both children’s immediate health and their lifetime risk for disease. Increasingly, pediatric health care organizations are intervening to address family social adversity. However, little evidence is available on the effectiveness of related interventions. Objective To evaluate the effects of social needs screening and in-person resource navigation services on social needs and child health. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients were randomized to intervention or active control conditions by the day of the week. Primary outcomes observed at 4 months after enrollment included caregivers’ reports of social needs and child health status. Recruitment occurred between October 13, 2013, and August 27, 2015, in pediatric primary and urgent care clinics in 2 safety-net hospitals. Participants were English-speaking or Spanish-speaking caregivers accompanying minor children to nonacute medical visits. Interventions After standardized screening, caregivers either received written information on relevant community services (active control) or received in-person help to access services with follow-up telephone calls for further assistance if needed (navigation intervention). Main Outcomes and Measures Change in reported social needs and in caregiver assessment of child’s overall health reported 4 months later. Results Among 1809 patients enrolled in the study, evenly split between the 2 sites, 31.6% (n = 572) were enrolled in a primary care clinic and 68.4% (n = 1237) were enrolled in an urgent care setting. The children were primarily Hispanic white individuals (50.9% [n = 921]) and non-Hispanic black individuals (26.2% [n = 473]) and had a mean (SD) age of 5.1 (4.8) years; 50.5% (n = 913) were female. The reported number of social needs at baseline ranged from 0 to 11 of 14 total possible items, with a mean (SD) of 2.7 (2.2). At 4 months after enrollment, the number of social needs reported by the intervention arm decreased more than that reported by the control arm, with a mean (SE) change of −0.39 (0.13) vs 0.22 (0.13) ( P P Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this investigation is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate health outcomes of a pediatric social needs navigation program. Compared with an active control at 4 months after enrollment, the intervention significantly decreased families’ reports of social needs and significantly improved children’s overall health status as reported by caregivers. These findings support the feasibility and potential effect of addressing social needs in pediatric health care settings. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01939704
Total factor productivity convergence across the Kazakh regions

AbstractThis article examines total factor productivity (TFP) convergence across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1997–2013. Using a growth accounting methodology we found that the average level of TFP fell by almost 40% over the period under consideration. Several panel unit root tests confirm that the whole set of Kazakh regions and the group of non-oil regions converged in terms of TFP, while the group of oil-rich regions diverged. This result explains sigma-divergence of the GRP per capita across the regions of Kazakhstan by divergence in capital intensity.
Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of “Living” Radical Polymerization

Living radical polymerization is very difficult if not impossible to realize. Complete elimination of chain breaking reactions, especially termination, is not possible in radical processes. Therefore quotation marks are used for a term of “living” radical polymerization. However, well-defined polymers with predetermined molecular weights, low polydispersities and terminal functionalities as well as block copolymers can be prepared via radical polymerization. Thus, although complete suppression of termination is not possible, preparation of controlled polymers with relatively low molecular weights has been successful. In this article fundamentals and some practical synthetic aspects of controlled radical polymerization will be discussed.
Can Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Be Cured

Significant advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Development of the targeted biologic agents and their integration with cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens has led to improvements in clinical efficacy. Despite these gains, the overall impact of these combination regimens in mCRC therapy has been relatively modest. While 2-year survival has improved, substantive gains have yet to be made in 5-year survival. However, a small subset of patients can be cured of their metastatic disease, with prolonged 5- and 10-year overall survival. This select group of patients includes those with metastatic disease limited to the liver or other organ-specific sites, as these patients are able to undergo surgical resection at the time of diagnosis or following conversion therapy with the appropriate integration of chemotherapy. A multimodality team-based approach involving medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiologists, and other healthcare providers is absolutely critical for the success of this therapeutic approach. This article reviews the main issues that must be considered from the surgical oncology and medical oncology perspectives, respectively.
English Translations of Statistical Terms, Study Designs, and Methods of Analysis

This chapter contains plain-language summaries of statistical terms, study designs, and methods of analysis. To provide the quickest access to terms, they are arranged in alphabetical order under each of these three headings. In keeping with our goal of trying to present information in a format that is easily accessible for readers, we have broken down each explanation into parts, using the following templates:
High Retention Rates, No Dropouts among Hispanic Students in California High Schools.

One of the nation's most serious problems is the high dropout rate among Hispanic students in public school systems throughout the country. The consequences to youth who drop out and to the nation'...
The Passivity Paradigm in the Control of Bipedal Robots

The concepts of Passivity and Passivity-Based Control are well established in control theory and provide powerful design tools for control. In this paper we give an overview of a remarkable relation between Passivity-Based Control and the notion of Passive Walking in bipedal locomotion. We show how passivity-based control theory can be used to design nonlinear control laws for bipedal robots that reproduce passive limit cycles independent of the ground slope while overcoming some of the limitations of passive gaits, such as extreme sensitivity to ground slope, small basins of attraction, and poor disturbance rejection.
The Rise and Fall of Civic Education in American Schools

Early in its history, the American experiment in self-government had its fair share of skeptics. Many believed that our society’s heterogeneity and geographic expansiveness were insurmountable barriers to self-rule. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, and other founding fathers believed that the answer to this skepticism was public education. In the preamble to his 1779 bill for free schools in Virginia, Thomas Jefferson argued for public education as a way to preserve self-rule. With knowledge of the experiences of other societies, Americans could identify and defeat would-be tyrants. Jefferson further asserted that people need to be educated so that Americans can draw from the widest possible pool of citizens to find wise and honest lawmakers. And since educating citizens would benefit society at large, he reasoned, all should share the cost of this education (Jefferson 1905).
Induced Tropia Test and Visual Acuity Testing in Nonverbal Children.

The objective of our study was to compare the Cardiff Acuity Card© test (CAC test) (Kay Pictures Ltd) with the induced tropia test (ITT) in nonverbal children for the detection of monocular vision ...
Spotting the International Space Station and Other Satellites

A lot of people do not realize that they can see the International Space Station (ISS) with their own eyes. To watch the ISS is to visualize one million pounds of space hardware the size of a football field traveling at 17,500 miles per hour about 250 miles up, carrying 3,6, or 9 humans. Oh, and ISS has done so continuously for seventeen years!
A stochastic cellular automaton simulation of chemical oscillations in small systems

We propose a stochastic cellular automaton method to simulate chemical reactions in small systems. Unlike the standard Gillespie method, which simulates chemical reactions with a few thousand molecules reacting with each other but without spatial considerations, our systems are divided into independent cells, each containing only a few molecules. Our simulation of the Brusselator produces chemical oscillations that agree extremely well with solutions to deterministic rate equations, and we can see strong oscillations in systems with as few as 10 cells. We are able to study several factors that affect the robustness of these small chemical oscillators: system size, spatial distribution, and correlation of molecules. We have found that non-Poisson particle distributions can greatly suppress chemical oscillations and that chemical reactions can induce correlation between the spatial distributions of particles of different species and create large-scale inhomogeneity in particle concentrations. In addition, incomplete oscillations (misfirings) can appear among strong, regular oscillations when the system size is smaller than a certain threshold, and these misfirings are triggered by random events, with a probability that is related to the system size. Since these effects, resulting from several different physical causes, are difficult to accurately model by adding generic noise factors to deterministic rate equations, as is frequently done in theoretical studies, we argue that our stochastic cellular automaton method is a useful addition to the existing tools for studying small, inhomogeneous, and non-equilibrium reaction-diffusion systems, especially those of biological nature.
CRISPR-Cas9 Circular Permutants as Programmable Scaffolds for Genome Modification.

The ability to engineer natural proteins is pivotal to a future, pragmatic biology. CRISPR proteins have revolutionized genome modification, yet the CRISPR-Cas9 scaffold is not ideal for fusions or activation by cellular triggers. Here, we show that a topological rearrangement of Cas9 using circular permutation provides an advanced platform for RNA-guided genome modification and protection. Through systematic interrogation, we find that protein termini can be positioned adjacent to bound DNA, offering a straightforward mechanism for strategically fusing functional domains. Additionally, circular permutation enabled protease-sensing Cas9s (ProCas9s), a unique class of single-molecule effectors possessing programmable inputs and outputs. ProCas9s can sense a wide range of proteases, and we demonstrate that ProCas9 can orchestrate a cellular response to pathogen-associated protease activity. Together, these results provide a toolkit of safer and more efficient genome-modifying enzymes and molecular recorders for the advancement of precision genome engineering in research, agriculture, and biomedicine.
What will perioperative geriatric assessment for older cancer patients look like in 2025? Advantages and limitations of new technologies in geriatric assessment

For years, surgeons have explored the relationship between age and surgical outcomes. Over time, it is more widely accepted that frailty and fitness of older patients, rather than their age, should be considered in surgical decision making. The gold standard of frailty assessment is comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) which is best performed by geriatricians. In the past decade, Digital Health Technologies that range from electronic solutions for electronic Patient-reported Outcomes to wearables and sensors have emerged. As these solutions are likely to expand and advance in the next years, we will review the history of investigating factors, especially aging-related factors associated with surgical outcomes, and the current supportive data about the potential and challenges of Digital Health Technologies in complementing or replacing some of the components of CGA by 2025.
Stick to the Script: Automated Creation of XML for EAD Finding Aids

AbstractThe Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library (SWC) at Texas Tech University faced a backlog of finding aids to be authored using EAD. Additionally, though less pressing, were severa...
1 Driving team-based critical thinking using an emergency department (ED) pediatric assessment tool

Background Missing signs of sepsis can result in delayed diagnosis, treatment and complications. We have introduced an ED-based Children At High Risk(CAHR-AT) tool to improve recognition, team critical thinking, and patient outcomes. Delayed recognition and poor nurse-provider communication were identified as common challenges in timely treatment of children at high-risk for infection-related decompensation. Objectives This stand-alone urban children’s hospital ED aims to improve team-based care, situational awareness, and patient outcomes through team huddles and associated interventions (figure 1). Methods Development of the CAHR-AT utilized vital signs data of >1 × 10^6 patients to derive standards. Logistic regression and ‘machine-learning(AI)’ identified factors showing the highest association with gold-standard sepsis cases and applied weights to each factor for optimum sensitivity. A nursing assessment form was added to the dyad assessment process and visual redesign of the tool interface went into effect using a stoplight approach with red, yellow, and green lights indicating patient acuity and resources needed (figure 2). Results It has been over 239 days (934 alerts) since the last unanswered alert by the provider/nurse dyad (figure 3). The average percent of CAHR patients with a completed initial huddle increased from 9.3% to 45.3% (figure 4). Higher CAHR-AT scores were associated with higher severity-of-index (SOI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) within 48 hrs of arrival (figures 5 and 6). Preliminary data show CAHR-AT patients with a score ≥8 who received the bundle (IV-fluid bolus and IV-antibiotics) significantly shorter length of stays (figure 7). Conclusions CAHR-AT predicts physiologic decompensation and AKI. Its processes promote team-based critical thinking and improve patient outcomes. Next steps include prescriptive order sets for both red/yellow stoplight activations and spread to inpatient units.
"They Gave Us Cheese Sandwiches:" Foodways of War and Flight

As part of a larger ethnography of one family’s experience of the Syrian war and displacement, this paper considers the question of food and foodways. Based on extensive interviews and participant observation, this paper chronicles displacement through changing foodways. Following several families, the paper investigates how scarcity and price inflation punctuated the urgency of the conflict for a cluster of Damascus households. It illuminates critiques of how UN rationing and humanitarian food aid in Tripoli, Lebanon, and Amman, Jordan, aided but also betrayed newly disenfranchised populations. Interlocutors discuss how the introduction of almost-familiar new foods and eating styles in the nearby countries of refuge, Egypt and Turkey, exacerbated memories of home. In the desperate gambit for asylum in Europe, the families discovered how food lines and ration handouts in formal and informal camps from Greece to Germany emphasized the dehumanization and dependency of refugees. By the time many of the families reached their new lives in Germany and elsewhere, siege and famine had come to Syria, as food restriction was used as a weapon against remaining Syrian populations. For families settling into semipermanent exile, the ability to recreate Syrian cuisine and to return to comforting rituals of basic hospitality exchanges marked the beginning of postwar and post-refugee lives. In addressing the theme of how habits of cuisine, taste, and hospitality gave way to rations, dependency, charity, and mass feeding, the paper presents displacement, nostalgia, warfare, and humanitarian relief efforts in a new light.
“Thus, like the formal vice”: Mark Rylance and clowning in Richard III

Much attention has been given to the comedy of Mark Rylance’s Shakespeare performances and his interaction with the audience. Comedy and audience interaction informed the initial creation of many o...
Racial/ethnic disparities in ovarian cancer research

Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal cancers diagnosed in women in the United States (U.S.). Data from national databases, including the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, show racial/ethnic differences in risk and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer with higher incidence among white women yet worse survival among African-American women compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The reasons for these differences are not well understood, but are likely multi-factorial. Epidemiologic studies suggest there may be some risk factor differences across racial/ethnic groups that would explain differences in the incidence of this rare and heterogeneous disease. Likewise, although data suggest that socioeconomic factors and access to care contribute to the disparity in ovarian cancer survival among African-American women, there are likely other contributing factors that have not as of yet been identified. Small sample sizes of minority women from individual studies do not provide adequate power to evaluate fully the contributions of environmental, genetic, and clinical factors associated with ovarian cancer risk and survival within these groups. Pooling existing data from individual epidemiologic studies has made a valuable contribution; however, new data collection is warranted to further our understanding of the underpinnings of the disparities in ovarian cancer that may lead to prevention and improved survival across all racial/ethnic groups.
Non-contrast head CT-assisted cerebral CT perfusion imaging

Cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is widely used to guide the selection of acute ischemic stroke patients who are most likely to benefit from endovascular reperfusion therapy, as parametric CTP maps can assist physicians to identify the existence of hypoperfused but salvageable tissue upon reperfusion, and to differentiate this tissue from irreversibly damaged tissue for which reperfusion is futile. CTP is usually performed together with a noncontrast head CT (NCCT) for ruling out intracranial hemorrhage. Even for post stroke treatment follow-up and other neurological diseases, a CTP is often prescribed together with a NCCT to provide more comprehensive and mutually complementary diagnostic information. Despite these clinical utilities, the current CTP imaging technology still faces a major challenge: the poor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of parametric CTP maps that hinders reliable stroke diagnosis for individual patients. Previous works have demonstrated that CNRs of some CTP maps such as cerebral blood volume (CBV) are predominately determined by the baseline CT images, and thus reducing the baseline image noise is very effective in improving the CNRs of CBV maps. The purpose of this work is to present a method that utilizes the high quality NCCT image to reduce the noise of baseline images and improve the detectability of ischemic core in CBV maps. The proposed method was evaluated using an in vivo canine subject where by utilizing the NCCT image the CNR was improved by 55%.
Sumudu Transform for Automatic Summations

Addition is the most fundamental operation in mathematics and sciences. Summation of a sequence of numbers is a common task in mathematical related calculations and problem solving. Sumudu Transform was only introduced recently but has many nice properties for solving problems in computational science. In this work, the authors shall explore Sumudu Transform in computational approach which serves as foundation to various interesting and useful applications; we shall show that Sumudu Transform is a powerful tool to calculate the summations for both sequences of finite numbers and infinite numbers. Furthermore, the algorithms presented here can be implemented in algebra systems such as Maple to calculate the summations automatically.
An Optimization Model for Selecting Sample Days

Sample day selection method plays an important role in managerial decisions which require analyses that are prohibitively expensive to apply to a large number of days. We develop a general sample d...
Efficient Algorithms for Federated Saddle Point Optimization.

We consider strongly convex-concave minimax problems in the federated setting, where the communication constraint is the main bottleneck. When clients are arbitrarily heterogeneous, a simple Minibatch Mirror-prox achieves the best performance. As the clients become more homogeneous, using multiple local gradient updates at the clients significantly improves upon Minibatch Mirror-prox by communicating less frequently. Our goal is to design an algorithm that can harness the benefit of similarity in the clients while recovering the Minibatch Mirror-prox performance under arbitrary heterogeneity (up to log factors). We give the first federated minimax optimization algorithm that achieves this goal. The main idea is to combine (i) SCAFFOLD (an algorithm that performs variance reduction across clients for convex optimization) to erase the worst-case dependency on heterogeneity and (ii) Catalyst (a framework for acceleration based on modifying the objective) to accelerate convergence without amplifying client drift. We prove that this algorithm achieves our goal, and include experiments to validate the theory.
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, extralabel drug use, and residue avoidance

Increased scrutiny of drug use by regulatory agencies and the general public requires dairy animal owners and dairy veterinarians to examine their drug decision-making processes and drug use policies. This presentation will review relevant legislation, regulations, and drug use guidelines to aid practitioners in making good decisions that maximize drug efficacy while maintaining a safe food supply. In addition, the ethical and professional issues underlying many drug selection and use issues will be considered.
Design and Development of Assistive Robotic System for Covid-19

Nowadays, many advanced countries are taking the advantage of the modern robotic technology to develop and deploy robots in hospitals, airports and healthcare centers to assist the nation combat the deadly virus, known as COVID-19. This Research paper focuses on an artificial intelligence based robotic device that is developed. The robot is equipped with germs and virus killing Ultraviolet (UV) light system along with conventional spraying system for cleaning off any possibly infected area. The robot titled as "Assistive Robot for Covid-19 (ARC-19)" functions on two modes of operations, Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous. Traditionally, the cleaning job is done by cleaning workers, and the healthcare staff have direct contact with the COVID-19 patient. Instead, the developed contactless ARC-19 system can easily disinfect any possibly infected high-touch surface, and reduce the direct-contact between the patient and healthcare staff. After testing the robot, it turns out that the robot was able to kill 98% of the bacteria and other harmful viruses including COVID-19. This could lead to cost-effective, fast, and practical method to reduce the risk on being infected by COVID-19.
Code-switching and Translanguaging: Potential Functions in Multilingual Classrooms

The rise of multilingualism has drawn the attention of language researchers and instructors to various phenomena that have been observed in multilingual speakers, who develop knowledge on how and when to use their languages depending on, for instance, the interlocutors involved in the conversation, the topic of the conversation, and the social context (Reyes, 2004). The present paper aims to focus on two representative multilingual phenomena, namely code-switching and translanguaging. Each phenomenon will be defined based on existing literature and their potential functions in multilingual classroom research will be highlighted and discussed.
Availability in globally distributed storage systems

Highly available cloud storage is often implemented with complex, multi-tiered distributed systems built on top of clusters of commodity servers and disk drives. Sophisticated management, load balancing and recovery techniques are needed to achieve high performance and availability amidst an abundance of failure sources that include software, hardware, network connectivity, and power issues. While there is a relative wealth of failure studies of individual components of storage systems, such as disk drives, relatively little has been reported so far on the overall availability behavior of large cloudbased storage services.We characterize the availability properties of cloud storage systems based on an extensive one year study of Google's main storage infrastructure and present statistical models that enable further insight into the impact of multiple design choices, such as data placement and replication strategies. With these models we compare data availability under a variety of system parameters given the real patterns of failures observed in our fleet.
Patterns of failure after involved field radiation therapy for pediatric and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma

Background Involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) is integral in curative therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), although primarily used in patients with intermediate/high-risk HL. We present failure patterns and clinical outcomes in a cohort of pediatric and young adult patients with HL treated with IFRT at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Procedure Patients ≤40 years old with intermediate/high-risk HL who received chemotherapy and IFRT from 1997 to 2012 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were evaluated for failure patterns, overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) using Kaplan–Meier curves, descriptive statistics, and Cox proportional hazard regressions. Results We reviewed 74 patients (45 pediatric and 29 young adult) with a median follow-up of 4.4 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 21.4 years. Patients received a median of 29.75 Gy of IFRT (range 15–39.6 Gy). The majority of pediatric patients received ABVE-PC chemotherapy (n = 25) and <30 Gy of radiation (n = 33) while most young adults received ABVD chemotherapy (n = 24) and ≥30 Gy (n = 25). Estimated 5-year OS and EFS were 96% and 81%, respectively. Thirteen patients had recurrence; eight were pediatric. Distant relapse alone comprised 83% of failures in patients receiving ≥30 Gy. Of the seven patients who received <30 Gy and had recurrence, six had local failure as a component of their recurrence. Caucasian race (P = 0.02) and nodular sclerosing histology (P = 0.01) predicted for increased EFS. Late effects were minimal and all deaths (n = 4) were from HL. Conclusions In this series, pediatric and young adult patients were treated with differing chemoradiation and had distinct recurrence patterns. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1210–1214. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The New Landscape of Travel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Smartphone Apps

Due to the increasing popularity of smartphones and their apps, mobile technologies have been effectively changed the nature of travel. This study employed a data mining approach to classify the types of information services and design features of travel-related iPhone apps as well as users’ evaluation and reviews of these apps. The results identify the range of iPhone apps from both the developers’ and users’ perspectives. This study documents the state-of-theart of mobile technologies and serves as an important foundation for understanding the emerging technological environment that will cause substantial change in travel and tourism.
Minimizing Dependency on Class Structures with Adaptive Programs

Adaptive software is a new kind of generic software which attempts to minimize and localize dependency on the context in which the software will be used. An adaptive program is written in terms of constraints on the customizing context in which the program may be used. The constraints are written so that they only encode necessary dependencies and at the same time they localize information on groups of collaborating classes.
Fixed Point Realization of Iterative LR-Aided Soft MIMO Decoding Algorithm

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been widely acclaimed in order to provide high data rates. Recently Lattice Reduction (LR) aided detectors have been proposed to achieve near Maximum Likelihood (ML) performance with low complexity. In this paper, we develop the fixed point design of an iterative soft decision based LR-aided K-best decoder, which reduces the complexity of existing sphere decoder. A simulation based word-length optimization is presented for physical implementation of the K-best decoder. Simulations show that the fixed point result of 16 bit precision can keep bit error rate (BER) degradation within 0.3 dB for MIMO systems with different modulation schemes.
Who should Decide for the Unrepresented

Unrepresented patients lack the capacity to make medical decisions for themselves, have no clear documentation of preferences for medical treatment, and have no surrogate decision maker or obvious candidate for that role. There is no consensus about who should serve as the decision maker for these patients, particularly regarding whether to continue or to limit life-sustaining treatment. Several authors have argued that ethics committees should play this role rather than the patient's treating physician, a common current default. We argue that concerns about the adequacy of physicians as surrogates are either empirically unfounded or apply equally to ethics committees. We suggest that physicians should be the primary decision maker for the unrepresented because of their fiduciary duties toward their patients. As part of the process of fulfilling these duties, they should seek the advice of third parties such as ethic committees; but final end-of-life decision-making for the unrepresented should rest with the treating physician.
A POLITICAL ACCOUNT FOR LEGAL CONFRONTATION BETWEEN STATE AND SOCIETY: THE CASE OF ISRAELI LEGAL PLURALISM

This paper provides a political analysis of legal pluralism from a “new institutionalist” perspective. In response to question of why states recognize and incorporate non-state normative orderings into their legal systems, it is hypothesized that the decision of incorporation is made to enhance the capacities of postcolonial states with “rational” calculations. In this respect, two new categories of legal pluralism are introduced: capacity-enhancing recognition and capacity-diminishing recognition. The paper lastly assesses the implications of legal pluralism upon the state-society relations and individual rights and liberties of citizens in the case of Israel.
Online and offline access to short lists

We consider the list-update problem introduced by Sleator and Tarjan, specializing it to the case of accesses only and focusing on short lists. We describe a new optimal offline algorithm, faster than the best previous algorithm when the number of accesses is sufficiently large relative to the number l of items. We also give a simple optimal offline algorithm for l = 3. Taking cl to denote the best competitive ratio of a randomized online algorithm for the list-access problem with l items, we demonstrate that c3 = 6/5 and give new upper and lower bounds on c4. Finally we prove a strengthened lower bound for general l.
Microcredit participation and women’s health: results from a cross-sectional study in Peru

Social and economic conditions are powerful determinants of women’s health status. Microcredit, which involves the provision of small loans to low-income women in the hopes of improving their living conditions, is an increasingly popular intervention to improve women’s socioeconomic status. Studies examining the health effects of microcredit programs have had mixed results. We conduct a cross-sectional study among female clients of a non-profit microcredit program in Peru (N = 1,593). The predictor variable is length of microcredit participation. We conduct bivariate and multivariate linear regressions to examine the associations between length of microcredit participation and a variety of measures of women’s health. We control for participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. We find that longer participation is associated with decreased depressive symptoms, increased social support, and increased perceived control, but these differences are attenuated with the inclusion of covariates. We find no association between length of participation and contraception use, cancer screening, or self-reported days sick. These results demonstrate a positive association between length of microcredit participation and measures of women’s psychological health, but not physical health. These findings contribute to the discussion on the potential of microcredit programs to address the socioeconomic determinants of health, and suggest that addressing socioeconomic status may be a key way to improve women’s health worldwide.
Principles and practices: An empirical examination of qualitative research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology.

This article examines the 50 qualitative studies published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) over a 15-year period in light of methodological principles advocated by qualitative theorists. The match between practices and principles is not high. In the modal investigation, coders (most of whom did not interact with or observe participants) worked from transcripts of a 60-min interview conducted in a setting convenient for the researcher. Researchers endorsed the need to bracket their own subjective experiences and used auditors to enhance reproducibility of findings. Trend analyses suggest that qualitative research in JCP has tended to drift further from qualitative principles over time. The authors consider the implications of these findings for the potential of qualitative methods to inform science and practice in counseling psychology.
An association-based method for automatic indexing with a controlled vocabulary

In this article, we describe and test a two-stage algorithm based on a lexical collocation technique which maps from the lexical clues contained in a document representation into a controlled vocabulary list of subject headings. Using a collection of 4,626 INSPEC documents, we create a “dictionary” of associations between the lexical items contained in the titles, authors, and abstracts, and controlled vocabulary subject headings assigned to those records by human indexers using a likelihood ratio statistic as the measure of association. In the deployment stage, we use the dictionary to predict which of the controlled vocabulary subject headings best describe new documents when they are presented to the system. Our evaluation of this algorithm, in which we compare the automatically assigned subject headings to the subject headings assigned to the test documents by human catalogers, shows that we can obtain results comparable to, and consistent with, human cataloging. In effect, we have cast this as a classic partial match information retrieval problem. We consider the problem to be one of “retrieving” (or assigning) the most probably “relevant” (or correct) controlled vocabulary subject headings to a document based on the clues contained in that document. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decade—A hybrid expert system for catalyst selection—I. Expert system consideration

Abstract DECADE (Design Expert for CAtalyst DEvelopment) is a prototype expert system for catalyst selection. The objective of DECADE's development has been to investigate and evaluate the potential of expert system's technology applied to the solution of chemical engineering problems. DECADE's patricular application problem consists of prescribing a set of catalytic materials that have an acceptable probability of being appropriate for a target reactions. The class of reaction. The class of reactions for which DECADE has specific knowledge is carbon monoxide hydrogenation. Given DECADE's architecture and implementation, it can illustrate the integration of different paradigms along some of the several dimensions of expert systems applications: knowledge representation, problem-solving methods, and levels of knowledge abstraction. All these properties are achieved through the use of different languages (FranzLisp, OPS5, SRL 1.5) brought together in a blackboard model architecture.
Selected Observations in Phase Constituents, Growth Kinetics and Microstructural Development of Aluminides in U-Mo vs. Al and 6061 Diffusion Couples Annealed at 600°C

This paper presents selected experimental observations of phase constituents, growth kinetics, and microstructural development of aluminide phases that develop in solid-to-solid diffusion couples assembled with U-7wt.%Mo, U-10wt.%Mo and U-12wt.%Mo vs. Al and 6061 alloy after a diffusion anneal at 600°C for 24 hours. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and transmission electron microscopy via focused ion beam in-situ lift-out were employed to characterize the interaction layer that develops by interdiffusion. While concentration profiles exhibited no significant gradients, microstructural analysis revealed the presence of extremely complex and nano-scale phase constituents with presence of orthorhombic--U, cubic-UAl3, orthorhombic-UAl4, hexagonal-U6Mo4Al43 and diamond cubic-UMo2Al20 phases. Presence of multi-phase layers with microstructure, which suggest a significant role of grain boundary diffusion, was observed.
Absorption of CO2 in Aqueous Diglycolamine

Absorption of CO2 into aqueous DGA (Diglycolamine) was performed at 25−60 °C in a wetted-wall column. The absorption data were analyzed using a rigorous model based on eddy diffusivity theory and approximations assuming pseudo-first-order (PFO) and interface pseudo-first-order (IPFO) reactions. The PFO is a good approximation for CO2 absorption into DGA at a CO2 loading of less than 0.2 mol/mol DGA. At CO2 loadings greater than 0.4, instantaneous reactions are approached. The IPFO model matches the rigorous model very well. The second-order rate constant in 65 wt % DGA at 25 °C for the reaction with CO2 is four times larger than previously published values, but 25 wt % DGA yields a rate constant which is in good agreement with literature values. This finding suggests that the second-order rate constant is probably a function of DGA concentration. The second-order rate constant in 65 wt % DGA increases by a factor of 5 from 0 to 0.4 mol CO2/mol DGA. Experiments with 65 wt % DGA + glycolic acid and 65 wt % ...
On the asymptotic properties of continuous solutions of the systems of nonlinear functional equations

For systems of nonlinear functional equations, we study the asymptotic properties of their solutions continuously differentiable and bounded for t ≥ T > 0 in a neighborhood of the singular point t = + ∞.
Electronic Band Structure and Optical Properties of Graphite from a Variational Approach

The electronic band structure of graphite has been calculated from an ab initio variational approach using a linear-combination of atomic-orbitals (LCAO) basis of Bloch states, including nonspherical terms in the one-electron crystal potential. Matrix elements of the Hamiltonian are evaluated directly without any tight-binding approximations. The optical transitions deduced from the energy bands calculated using a single-layer crystal model agree nicely with recent polarized-light reflectance measurements. Details of the band structure are calculated for the three-dimensional Brillouin zone and related to the results obtained using the single-layer crystal structure. The results are encouraging, not only from the standpoint that the method employed is an ab initio approach with no special a priori assumptions, but also because the band structure is quite insensitive to the particulars of the crystal potential function.