cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One thousand consecutive deliveries under a training for childbirth program

T HE following report is based on 1,000 consecutive deliveries (infants 1,500 grams or over) on the University Service of the Grace-New Haven Community Hospital from Jan. 1, 1949, to March 31, 1950. All women were exposed to t,he Training for Childbirth Program, consisting of educational features both physical and psychological. Our interest in this development in modern maternity care began some four years ago as a result of the writings of Helen Heardman, Grantly Dick Read, Glackwell Sawyer, Edmund Jacobson, and others. Since that t,ime various reports on our experience have come from this clinic, to which reference is here appended.l-’ At the beginning of our program we were fortunate in having a visit to OLZP clinic from Mrs. Helen Heardman, who spent some time with us teaching OLU nurses and physicians exercise techniques which are now incorporated in our procedure. During the first two years we also received material aid from the Maternity Center Association, of New York City, in the form of nursing and medical fellowships. The experience of this organization in the conducting of antenatal mothers’ classes represents a pioneering effort in this country. As our program has developed we have made changes from time to time, which we believe is a sign of healthy growth. In essence the program emphasizes that childbirth is a natural, normal process of the body and that it is important that the prospective mother recognize more fully that bringing a child into the world is a co-operative endeavor in which she plays the most important role. This approach also represents an attempt by physicians and nurses to gain a further understanding of the physiology of childbirth, particularly in its emotional aspects, so that their assistance during the birth process can be intelligently applied. To carry out these aims we attempt to prepare women for childbirth psychologically and physically by means of a training program in which they are taught the fundamentals of reproductive anatomy and physiology and, also, are trained in relaxation techniques and muscle control to aid the natural forces of labor. In labor they are encouraged to use this knowledge and training by those who are in attendance. The conduct of labor and delivery without analgesia or anesthesia is definitely not our primary aim. Our interest is rather directed toward assuring each woman a psychologically and emotionally satisfying labor experience, and one which is at the same time physically safe for both mother and child. We believe that a. conscious delivery can be the source of a great sense of achievement for most women-and that in a normal labor, properly conducted, in a woman who has been prepared for the experience, much of the unnecessary pain, which is usually experienced, can be prevented. As the result, small amounts of medication suffice. We do not contend that relaxation alone will prevent all pain-
Unmyelinated axon loss with postnatal hypertonia after fetal hypoxia

Objective White matter (WM) injury due to myelination defects is believed to be responsible for the motor deficits seen in cerebral palsy. We tested the hypothesis that the predominant injury is to functional electrical connectivity in unmyelinated WM fibers by conducting a longitudinal study of central WM tracts in newborn rabbit kits with hypertonia in our model of cerebral palsy. Methods Pregnant rabbits at 70% gestation underwent 40-minute uterine ischemia. Motor deficits in newborn kits, including muscle hypertonia, were assessed by neurobehavioral testing. Major central WM tracts, including internal capsule, corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and fimbria hippocampi, were investigated for structural and functional injury using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological recordings of fiber conductivity in perfused brain slices, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry of oligodendrocyte lineage. Results Motor deficits were observed on postnatal day 1 (P1) when WM tracts were unmyelinated. Myelination occurred later and was obvious by P18. Hypertonia was associated with microstructural WM injury and unmyelinated axon loss at P1, diagnosed by diffusion tensor MRI and electron microscopy. Axonal conductivity from electrophysiological recordings in hypertonic P18 kits decreased only in unmyelinated fibers, despite a loss in both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Interpretation Motor deficits in cerebral palsy were associated with loss of unmyelinated WM tracts. The contribution of injury to myelinated fibers that was observed at P18 is probably a secondary etiological factor in the motor and sensory deficits in the rabbit model of cerebral palsy. Ann Neurol 2014;75:533–541
SELF-FORGIVENESS INTERVENTIONS FOR WOMEN EXPERIENCING A BREAKUP

SELF-FORGIVENESS INTERVENTIONS FOR WOMEN EXPERIENCING A BREAKUP By Kathryn L. Campana, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010. Major Director: Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychology This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention designed to increase selfforgiveness for women who have recently experienced a romantic relationship breakup. Of particular interest were the interactions between adult attachment style, treatment condition, and time. The current study examined how the following variables differ between attachment style groups and how they change over time with respect to treatment condition: aspects of the former relationship, emotional responses to personal transgressions within the relationship, general negative and positive affect, dispositional forgivingness, positive and negative attitudes toward self, feelings of unforgiveness toward self and ex-partner, and feelings of forgiveness of self and ex-partner. Data were collected over a period of four weeks from 74 undergraduate women who had experienced a breakup within the two months prior to beginning the study. Results found that there were some initial differences in dependent variables between attachment style categories, which were controlled for when examining interaction effects between attachment, treatment condition, and time. Results indicated that attachment did not affect participants’ responses to the self-forgiveness intervention. However, there were significant interactions between treatment condition and time. Results are discussed in terms of previous research. Limitations of the current study are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
Administering an International Hospitality Education Program

Understanding the political structure of educations and applying principles of political action may help avoid the destruction of educations alliances formed between partners of divergent backgrounds. The author discusses how this form of analysis may also be of benefit in understanding the problem technically-oriented hospitality programs from abroad often have articulating with the academic administrations in most American universities.
Increasing screening mammography among predominantly Spanish speakers at a federally qualified health center using a brief previsit video.

Abstract Objective Assess the impact of a 5 min video on screening mammogram referrals and completion. Methods We recruited women ages 40 years or older without a current mammogram at a federally qualified community health center (FQHC). Women were assigned to the intervention or usual care. Immediately prior to their appointments, women in the intervention group viewed a brief video that included a demonstration of how patients may request a mammogram referral. All women completed a pre- and post-visit telephone survey about knowledge of breast cancer screening and patient activation. Results Mean age was 52 years, 50% had less than a high school education and 75% preferred Spanish. The proportion of mammogram referrals in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group, 37% vs. 15%, respectively ( p p Conclusions A brief, pre-visit video significantly increased screening mammography referrals and completion in this mostly Spanish-speaking FQHC population. Practice implications Our intervention demonstrates the effectiveness of a brief-video intervention in a population with low education and low English language proficiency.
Fluctuations in acceleration during voluntary contractions lead to greater impairment of movement accuracy in old adults

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of movement velocity on the relation between fluctuations in acceleration and the ability to achieve a target velocity during voluntary contraction...
Ontological supervision for fine grained classification of Street View storefronts

Modern search engines receive large numbers of business related, local aware queries. Such queries are best answered using accurate, up-to-date, business listings, that contain representations of business categories. Creating such listings is a challenging task as businesses often change hands or close down. For businesses with street side locations one can leverage the abundance of street level imagery, such as Google Street View, to automate the process. However, while data is abundant, labeled data is not; the limiting factor is creation of large scale labeled training data. In this work, we utilize an ontology of geographical concepts to automatically propagate business category information and create a large, multi label, training dataset for fine grained storefront classification. Our learner, which is based on the GoogLeNet/Inception Deep Convolutional Network architecture and classifies 208 categories, achieves human level accuracy.
Decreased Thyroidal Response to Thyrotropin in Diabetic Mice

The effect of diabetes mellitus on the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone was investigated in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thyroid glands were labeled in vivo with 131I for 2 h. In control animals, TSH stimulated the synthesis of PBI27I and 131I-labeled iodothyronines and simultaneously decreased the proportion of 131I−. These effects of TSH were not observed in diabetic animals but were demonstrable in diabetic animals treated with insulin. For studies of hormone secretion, labeled thyroid glands were cultured in vitro in medium containing 1 mM mononitrotyrosine. The rate of the hydrolysis of labeled thyroglobulin was measured as the proportion of 13lI-labeled iodotyrosines and 131I-labeled iodothyronines recovered at the end of culture and was used as an index of thyroid secretion. TSH in vivo stimulated the rate of thyroglobulin hydrolysis for 6 h, with a peak occurring after 2 h. The diabetic mice had a diminished response to TSH, which improved on treatment with insulin. The add...
PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED CROSSlINKING OF FUNCTIONALIZED POLYASPARTIC ACID POLYMERS

ABSTRACT The formation of biodegradable hydrogels is reported based on enzymatic crosslinking reactions of modified polyaspartic acid. Poly(aspartic acid) polymers functionalized with aromatic groups were crosslinked in aqueous solution via peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide to form hydrogels. The reaction products were characterized based on time to gel, swelling ratio, sol fraction, storage and loss modulus, and entrapped enzyme. Optimum reaction conditions for gel synthesis were determined. Poly(aspartic acid) hydrogels have significant potential for use in biomedical applications such as in drug delivery due to the aqueous, non-toxic synthesis conditions as well as their inherent biodegradability by proteases.
Theory and application of MBPT(3) gradients: The density approach

The density approach to analytic MBPT gradients is discussed. MBPT gradients are considered as special cases of one-electron response properties, where the evaluation of the relaxed MBPT density becomes the central focus of the theory. We develop the theory of MBPT(3) gradients under using this new approach and report a series of initial applications. Earlier developments of the MBPT(3) gradient depended upon solving for the CPHF coefficients for 3N degrees of freedom and suffered from singularities. Here the virtual-occupied block of the CPHF equation is solved for only one degree of freedom, and the singularities are eliminated. Finally, we report the theory and application of MBPT(2) and MBPT(3) relaxed densities; as a consequence, the computation of analytic one-electron response properties at the MBPT(2) and MBPT(3) levels of theory are now possible.
Local government structure and the quality of minority neighborhoods

One of the most long-standing and controversial issues surrounding local government structure in the United States is how “reformed” political institutions have impacted minority neighborhoods. A common belief is that reformism has harmed these neighborhoods, but there is no empirical evidence on this issue. Drawing upon capital asset pricing theory, this paper empirically investigates the effects of two reforms, the council-manager form of government and at-large councilor elections, on the quality of nonwhite neighborhoods. Quality is found to be higher in majority white places with at-large as opposed to district-based elections. Quality is not found to be affected by the form of government.
A dual look at spontaneous cooperative play in the preschool: Free play versus structured environment

Abstract An observational study was conducted during free play among preschool children ( N = 36) to identify the component skills of spontaneous cooperative play. Early techniques of spontaneous cooperation were found to be action-oriented and/or self-referenced statements contributing to thematic dialogue. Advanced techniques informed partners of abstract use of props and advised them on how to interact. A reliability study introduced dyads of older preschoolers ( N = 60) to structured sets of play materials. In addition to supporting the display of components revealed in Study I, results indicated that 5-year-olds were better able than 4-year-olds to respond to the demand characteristics of the structured setting. Comparisons by sex, partnerships, and types of play materials were also analyzed.
Simulation and interpretation of STEM side-band holograms

Abstract Simulations of side-band holograms produced with a STEM equipped with a coherent, point electron source and a beam splitter are presented and interpreted. Holograms are calculated for various electron voltages, beam separations and thicknesses of GaAs [110]. The results illustrate features in a hologram associated with a stable, well-adjusted microscope. The simulations also provide data on the dynamic range and resolution necessary for recording the patterns and indicate techniques for removing from the reconstructed images interferences from unscattered beams.
HPLC/ESI-Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for Characterization and Direct Quantification of Amphoteric and Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Samples

An amphoteric (cocamidopropylbetaine, CAPB) and a nonionic (alcohol polyethoxylate, AE) surfactant were characterized by electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as to their homologue distribution and ionization/fragmentation chemistry. Quantitative methods involving reversed-phase gradient HPLC and (+)ESI-MSn were developed to directly determine these surfactants in hydroponic plant growth medium that received simulated graywater. The predominant homologues, 12 C alkyl CAPB and 9 EO AE, were monitored to represent the total amount of the respective surfactants. The methods demonstrated dynamic linear ranges of 0.5-250 ng (r2 > 0.996) for CAPB and 8-560 ng (r2 > 0.998) for AE homologue mixture, corresponding to minimum quantification limits of 25 ppb CAPB and 0.4 ppm AE with 20-microL injections. This translated into an even lower limit for individual components due to the polydispersive nature of the surfactants. The procedure was successfully employed for the assessment of CAPB and AE biodegradation in a hydroponic plant growth system used as a graywater bioreactor.
Remodeling of dorsal column nuclear efferents to the basilar pontine gray after cortical ablations in newborn rats

In view of previous reports documenting corticopontine remodeling in response to neonatal cerebral cortical lesions, we examined possible alterations of ascending pontine afferents from the dorsal column nuclei after the same types of neonatal lesion. Two anterograde tracing techniques, autoradiography and the Fink-Heimer silver degeneration method, were combined to facilitate a topographic analysis. The distribution patterns of cuneo- and gracilopontine terminations appeared expanded in response to neonatal sensorimotor cortical lesions, as compared to non-lesioned animals.
The value statement

Frequently there exists an insufficient amount of actual data upon which to base a decision. In this paper a method is presented whereby the subjective opinions of a group of qualified persons are utilized to quantify the relative importance of a finite number of parameters or objectives. A means of testing the consistency among the judges is given which allows the decision maker to determine the validity of the opinions gathered. The application presented here is in the area of Multiple Incentive Contracting. Namely, a method is proposed to facilitate the answering of the question, “What is the value to the purchaser of an incremental change in the performance of a system?” Such a vehicle is not essential to the methodology proposed.
Free riding in voluntary environmental programs: The case of the U.S. EPA WasteWise program

Voluntary Environmental Programs (VPs) involving industry and regulatory agencies have emerged as the promise of the future in environmental policy circles. Although the number of these agreements is increasing in OECD countries, there are still concerns about their effectiveness; in particular that “free-riding” behavior may be difficult to avoid within VPs. Free riding occurs when one firm benefits from the actions of another without sharing the costs. Free-riding behavior may undermine the credibility of VPs and therefore their viability. Our paper focuses on understanding the factors that favor or hamper free-riding behavior in VPs. Our analysis is based on the case of the WasteWise program that was established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to reduce municipal solid waste.
Crystal growth and characterization of a new laser material, Nd:Ba 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl

Single crystals of neodymium-doped barium chloroapatite have been grown by the Czochralski technique and evaluated as a laser medium. Among known Nd-doped apatites, the material studied is characterized by the longest luminescence lifetime, τ=0.375 ms, and one of the largest emission cross sections, σ=6×10-19 cm2. The product στ in this crystal, which is equal to 2.3×10-22 cm2 s, is apparently the largest of those of all Nd-doped laser crystals. Laser operation at 1053.8 nm with a slope efficiency of 25% and an intrinsic slope efficiency of 49% was obtained.
Paschen Considerations for High Altitude Airships

Recently, there have been several proposals submitted to funding agencies for long-lived high altitude (about 70,000 feet) airships for communications, surveillance, etc. In order for these airships to remain at altitude, high power, high efficiency, lightweight solar arrays must be used, and high efficiency power management and distribution systems must be employed. The needs for high power and high efficiency imply high voltage systems. However, the air pressure at these extreme altitudes is such that electrical power systems will be near the Paschen discharge minimum over a wide range of electrode separations. In this paper, preliminary calculations are made for acceptable high voltage design practices under ambient, hydrogen and helium gas atmospheres.
Fungal "Deposition": A Sign of the Times?

A 55year-old female long-standing unilateral wearer of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, 38.6% water) gel contact lens for the purpose of monovision presented for a contact lens checkup. She had recently received (only 2 months earlier) her contact lens as a replacement, but the reason for her checkup visit was blurry vision and moderate irritation in the contact lens-wearing eye. Upon questioning at the dispensing visit, the patient had reported that she did not normally disinfect her lens and she was therefore instructed about and dispensed with a relatively convenient new care system (ReNu system, by . Bausch & Lomb, which uses dymed as the preserving and disinfecting agent). The dispensed lens had been taken from “out of stock” and, therefore, might have come from a previously opened vial. The patient reported that she had diligently disinfected her lens nightly with the care system for the entire 2 months between her dispensing visit and the checkup necessitated by blurry vision.
Prevention of butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung damage in mice by cedar terpene administration

Abstract Mice responded to an ip injection of 400 mg/kg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with a loss of body weight and a rise in lung weight characterized by increases in cellularity, rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA, and total lung DNA content. These responses did not occur, however, if (a) other antioxidants, substituted phenols or BHT metabolites were used rather than BHT itself; (b) mice were under 3 weeks of age; and (c) the mice were exposed to cedar terpenes, either in the form of cedarwood shavings used as cage bedding or by a single ip injection of sesquiterpenoid compounds derived from cedarwood. This prevention of BHT-induced lung damage by the cedar terpenes could not be overcome either by increasing the BHT dose up to 2500 mg/kg, or by delaying terpene administration until 2 hr after the mice had been injected with BHT. The resistance conferred by the terpenes was fully reversible within 4 days after removal of the terpenes from the mice. The lung weights in each of 13 different inbred strains of mice were increased by BHT, and this increase could be prevented by cedar terpene administration. The mechanism(s) by which the terpenes prevent BHT toxicity is/are unknown. The terpenes may act at the level of BHT metabolism, either by preventing activation of BHT to an active metabolite, or by accelerating BHT degradation, or both. This is suggested by the observation that immature mice which cannot metabolize drugs to the same extent as adults are naturally resistant to BHT and also by earlier studies which showed induction of drug metabolizing enzymes by cedar terpenes.
50th Anniversary of the first successful permanent pacemaker implantation in the United States: historical review and future directions.

June 2010 marks the 50th anniversary of the first successful human cardiac pacemaker implantation in the United States. On June 6, 1960, in Buffalo, New York, Dr. William Chardack implanted a pacemaker, designed and built by Wilson Greatbatch, an electrical engineer and inventor, in a 77-year old man with complete atrioventricular block, extending the patient's life by 18 months. This landmark event ushered in a new era of implantable cardiac pacemakers with batteries and leads of high reliability and increasing durability. Over the past half century, the field of electrophysiology and implantable devices for the management of cardiac conduction disturbances has evolved dramatically. Today's pacemakers include increasingly complex features such as telemetry monitoring, autoprogrammability, and hemodynamic sensors. New-generation leads present a sophisticated design with improved geometry and steroid-eluting tips to reduce chronic inflammation, maintaining a low pacing threshold and high sensing capability. The lithium iodide battery remains the mainstay of implantable pacemaker systems, exhibiting a multiple-year lifespan, slow terminal decay, and a reduced size and cost of production. Although Greatbatch's first successful pacemaker implantation remains a seminal scientific contribution to modern cardiovascular disease management, emerging developments in this field may challenge its preeminence. Important challenges such as imaging compatibility, lead durability, and infection prevention are being addressed. Novel concepts such as leadless and biologic pacing are under active investigation. In conclusion, Greatbatch's historic achievement 50 years ago reminds us that technologic progress is timeless, as efforts to enhance clinical outcomes and the quality of life continue unimpeded into the 21st century.
Primary osteosarcoma of liver

Abstract Primary hepatic sarcomas are very rare. We describe the imaging appearance and pathological features of a rare case of primary liver osteosarcoma in a 45-year male. A review of the previously reported cases and differential diagnosis is discussed.
The dynamics of "structured" personality tests.

installations. This article was part of a series describing the work of clinical psycholo- gists in the military services, with which the present writer is familiar only indirectly: The utility of any instrument in the military situation can, of course, be most competently assessed by those in contact with clinical material in that situation, and the present paper is in no sense to be construed as an "answer" to or an attempted refutation of Hutt's remarks. Nevertheless, there are some incidental observations contained in his article which warrant further critical consideration, particularly those having to do with the theory and dynamics of "structured" personality tests. It is with these latter observations rather than the main burden of Hutt's article that this paper is concerned. Hutt defines "structured personality tests" as those in which the test material consists of conventional, culturally crystallized questions to which the subject must respond in one of a very few fixed ways. With this definition we have no quarrel, and it has the advantage of not applying the unfortunate phrase "self-rating questionnaire" to the whole class of question-answer devices. But immediately following this definition, Hutt goes on to say that "it is assumed that each of the test questions will have the same meaning to all subjects who take the examination. The subject has no opportunity of organizing in his own unique manner his response to the questions." These statements will bear further examination. The statement that personality tests assume that each question has the same meaning to all subjects is continuously appearing in most sources of late, and such an impression is conveyed by many discussions even when they do not explicitly make this assertion. It should be emphasized very strongly, therefore, that while this perhaps has been the case with the majority of question-answer personality tests, it is not by any means part of their essential nature. The traditional approach to verbal question-answer personality tests has been, to be sure, to view them as
Modeling the amorphous forming ability of Ti-based alloys with wide supercooled liquid regions and high hardness

Abstract Ti-based bulk metallic glasses presented here are designed in a multi-dimensional composition space using a series of modeling tools. A chemical short range order model was used to evaluate the bonding behavior between the constituent species. This technique predicts the local structure present in the amorphous phase. A structural model is then used to further optimize the composition space, ensuring an efficient topology within the amorphous phase. These two models are compared with the predicted liquidus profile. Deep eutectics correlate well with glass forming ability, and their location and depth are located and quantified using a searching technique over a broad compositional range. Ti-based alloys were designed according to these three models, and the alloys with the highest glass forming ability represent a balance between having a densely packed cluster structure and a close proximity to a deep eutectic. Bulk metallic glass compositions have been successfully produced over a wide compositional space with only cost-effective alloying elements, Ni, Cu, Si, and Sn, using these models. The best glass former in this composition space, Ti 48 Ni 32 Cu 8 Si 8 Sn 4 , demonstrates a supercooled liquid region in excess of 100 K, and was successfully cast into fully amorphous rods, 3 mm in diameter, with a compressive fracture strength of ∼1.8 GPa.
Chlorosome antenna complexes from green photosynthetic bacteria

Chlorosomes are the distinguishing light-harvesting antenna complexes that are found in green photosynthetic bacteria. They contain bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, e in natural organisms, and recently through mutation, BChl f, as their principal light-harvesting pigments. In chlorosomes, these pigments self-assemble into large supramolecular structures that are enclosed inside a lipid monolayer to form an ellipsoid. The pigment assembly is dictated mostly by pigment–pigment interactions as opposed to protein–pigment interactions. On the bottom face of the chlorosome, the CsmA protein aggregates into a paracrystalline baseplate with BChl a, and serves as the interface to the next energy acceptor in the system. The exceptional light-harvesting ability at very low light conditions of chlorosomes has made them an attractive subject of study for both basic and applied science. This review, incorporating recent advancements, considers several important aspects of chlorosomes: pigment biosynthesis, organization of pigments and proteins, spectroscopic properties, and applications to bio-hybrid and bio-inspired devices.
Associations of cancer and other chronic medical conditions with SF-6D preference-based scores in Medicare beneficiaries.

Purpose Documenting the impact of different types of cancer on daily functioning and well-being is important for understanding burden relative to other chronic medical conditions. This study examined the impact of 10 different cancers and 13 other chronic medical conditions on health-related quality of life.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonists

Biologic therapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists for rheumatoid arthritis has been well established. We describe two patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) during their course of therapy with TNF-alpha antagonists. A 45-year-old woman and a 49-year-old man, both with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, were treated with etanercept and infliximab, respectively. Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy developed 2 weeks and 12 months after the initiation of TNF-alpha antagonists. Electrodiagnostic studies at variable points during the disease course showed signs of acquired demyelination consistent with CIDP. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed albuminocytologic dissociation (total protein concentration 118 mg/dl and 152 mg/dl, respectively). Both patients failed to improve after discontinuation of the offending agent, and they responded poorly to corticosteroids. However, there was clinical and electrophysiologic recovery after initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. CIDP may occur early or late during the treatment course with TNF-alpha antagonists. IVIg may reverse and stabilize the inflammatory process.
The respiratory chain of plant mitochondria XIII. Redox state changes of cytochrome b562 in mung bean seedling mitochondria treated with antimycin A

Abstract 1. 1. The response to antimycin A of the redox state changes of cytochrome b 562 , the cytochrome b in mung bean seedling mitochondria with long wavelength absorbance maximum and low midpoint potential of −77 mV independent of mitochondrial energy state, has been examined with regard to possible spectral shifts, with regard to the energy state of the mitchondria, and with regard to the redox state of the cytochromes c . 2. 2. Absorbance changes observed at 566 to 540 nm on addition of antimycin A to the mitochondrial suspension correspond primarily to changes in the redox state of cytochrome b 562 . Spectral shifts contribute little or nothing to these changes. 3. 3. When a suspension of antimycin A-treated mung bean mitochondria becomes anaerobic with succinate as substrate through the alternate oxidase pathway characteristic of plant mitochondria, cytochrome b 562 , which is highly reduced in the aerobic steady state, becomes partially oxidized. The degree of reoxidation is maximal in the presence of ATP and decreased by the presence of uncoupler or oligomycin. Reoxidation of the anaerobic mitochondrial suspension causes re-reduction of cytochrome b 562 . 4. 4. The oxidation of cytochrome b 562 in antimycin A-treated mitochondria in the presence of ATP on transition to anaerobiosis is synchronous with the reduction of cytochrome c 549 (corresponding to c 1 in mammalian mitochondria) observed during this transition. Reduction of highly oxidized cytochrome c 549 in antimycin A-treated mitochondria by addition of sulfide during the aerobic steady state results in a corresponding oxidation of highly reduced cytochrome b 562 . 5. 5. Oxidation of the b cytochromes by means of the alternate oxidase, which operates on the substrate side of these cytochromes with reference to cytochrome oxidase, is very slow in the presence of antimycin A when the c cytochromes are oxidized. 6. 6. It is concluded that b 562 and antimycin A form a stabilized complex analogous to the cytochrome a 3 /CO complex, in which the reduced form is energetically favored when the c cytochromes are highly oxidized. The midpoint potential of the stabilized complex would be more positive than that of uncomplexed cytochrome b 562 by an amount determined by the free energies of formation of the antimycin A complex with oxidized and reduced b 562 , as is the case with the CO complex of cytochrome a 3 . When the c cytochromes become reduced, the stabilized cytochrome b 562 /antimycin A complex relaxes, and in this form resumes a more negative midpoint potential. The cytochrome then is reoxidized by equilibration with oxidized carriers on its substrate side. It is proposed that this mechanism is also applicable to the changes in redox state of cytochrome b T observed in solubilized mitochondria preparations from heart muscle treated with antimycin A.
Terminal emulation controllers, duplex, communication protocols, multisession networks, up/down-load, copy protection, baud-rate, and Windows compatibility: profit measures and product features

Abstract This study finds that the most profitable short-term, add-on Terminal Emulator (TE) products are Data-Stream-To-Disk, Multi-Session, and Net-Work Printer capabilities. In the longer term, as fixed costs become avoidable, the same products remain the most profitable, only their rank changes. In the long term Multi-Session is the first, Net-Work Printer is second, and Data-Stream-To-Disk is the last. The selection of appropriate features for TE products can be very difficult for both manufacturers, as well as for end-users. This study describes an interactive microcomputer based Feature Selection System (FSS). The Feature Price Contribution Margin (FPCM) measures to what degree a specific feature meets end-user needs, and measures how profitable they are for the developer and the manufacturer FSS produces a segmented income statement of possible future product lines. It also compares the outcome of integrating and bundling a feature into a product, versus marketing this feature as a separate “add-on” product line to a TE. In such context, it could also be used for litigation support to quantify the damages that result from the absence of a feature to either the vendor or the end-user.
INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO RAT ADRENAL PROTEIN IN VIVO: EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN AND GROWTH HORMONE.

The incorporation of glycine- U-C14 into rat adrenal nucleic acid in vivo was stimulated by both adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and growth hormone. Similar effects in vitro were observed; the hormonal effects on glycine incorporation were prevented by their combined administration or by substitution of Krebs-Ringer phosphate for Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate in the incubation medium. Only ACTH exerted a significant stimulatory effect upon the incorporation of lysine-U-C14 into nucleic acids in vitro.
Note on Validity of a Mechanical Measure of Inter-Letter Similarity

Two studies recently published in this Journal (Dunn-Rankin, et al., 1968; Kuennapas & Janson, 1969) have presented alternative measures of inter-letter similarity (ILS) between lower-case alphabetic letters. The two measures-which we shall call the mechanical measure (MM) and the subject-based measure (SBM)--differed in several respects. Dunn-Rankin, et al.'s MM, for example, used letters of the English alphabet while Kuenn a p s and Janson's SBM used the Swedish alphabet, which omits the letter 'w' and includes the letters 'i'. ' a , and '6'. In addition, MM was applied to a particular type of lower-case print (Century Schoolbook) whereas SBM employed lower-case letters of 'simple shape' designed by Es themselves. Most importantly, however, SBM used a sample of 57 Ss (presumably Swedish) to rate the perceived inter-letter similarity on a 0 to 100 scale; by contrast, MM based its ILS measure on the ratio of common surface area shared by two letters to the combined remaining areas. In both studies Es factor analyzed their matrices of ILS scores in an attempt to isolate critical features which determine the degree of resemblance between letters. In general, the resulting patterns of factor loadings are subjectively quite comparable. Some applications, however, might require the use of ILS measures in their own right. In such cases, it becomes important to know whether a technique such as MM can validly represent ILS as measured by a more time-consuming procedure such as SBM. Dunn-Rankin attempted to validate MM by applying it to English capital letters and comparing the results with a subject-based confusion matrix developed by Gibson, et a/. (1963) using nursery-school children. Among the 36 highest-ranhng confusion pairs, Dunn-Rankin found a rank-order correlation of .50 with his own MM scores (DunnRankin, er al., 1968, p. 660). The ILS matrix of Kuennapas and Janson, however, permits a more direct test of MM's validity. A correlation analysis of the 300 lower-case letter pairs shared by the English and Swedish alphabets yields an r of .77 between MM and SBM. (Visual inspection of the scatter plot did not suggest any departure from linearity in this relationship.) Comparable correlacioas, performed separately on MM's 37 highest-ranked and SBM's 36 highest-ranked pairs, are .67 and .49 respectively. These three criteria of MM's validity compare favorably with the .50 rank correlation originally claimed by Dunn-Rankin, et al. In our view, the previously noted differences in alphabet nationality and type face may easily account for much of the remaining variance between MM and SBM. Pending further evidence, we may therefore attribute considerable validiry to Dunn-Ranlun, et al.'s mechanical measure of inter-letter similarity.
Studies of the Biological Properties of Human beta-Defensin 1.

Defensins are small (30-45 amino acid residues) cationic proteins with broad antimicrobial activity against many bacteria and fungi, some enveloped viruses, and other activities such as chemoattraction of a range of different cell types to the sites of inflammation. These proteins represent attractive targets for developing novel antimicrobial agents and modulators of immune responses with therapeutic applicability. In this report, we present the results of functional and structural studies of 26 single-site mutants of human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1). All mutants were assayed for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC strain 25922) and for chemotactic activity with CCR6-transfected HEK293 cells. To analyze the structural implications of mutagenesis and to verify the correctness of the disulfide connectivity, we used x-ray crystallography to conduct complete structural studies for 10 mutants in which the topology of disulfides was the same as in the native hBD1. Mutations did not induce significant changes of the tertiary structure, suggesting that the observed alterations of biological properties of the mutants were solely associated with changes in the respective side chains. We found that cationic residues located near the C terminus (Arg(29), Lys(31), Lys(33), and Lys(36)) of hBD1 define most of the anti-E. coli in vitro activity of this protein. In turn, nearly all mutations altering the CCR6-mediated chemotaxis are located at one area of the protein, defined by the N-terminal alpha-helical region (Asp(1)... Ser(8)) and a few topologically adjacent residues (Lys(22), Arg(29), and Lys(33)). These experimental results allow for the first time drafting of the CCR6-epitope for a defensin molecule.
Electronic health record: integrating evidence- based information at the point of clinical decision making

The authors created two tools to achieve the goals of providing physicians with a way to review alternative diagnoses and improving access to relevant evidence-based library resources without disrupting established workflows. The “diagnostic decision support tool” lifted terms from standard, coded fields in the electronic health record and sent them to Isabel, which produced a list of possible diagnoses. The physicians chose their diagnoses and were presented with the “knowledge page,” a collection of evidence-based library resources. Each resource was automatically populated with search results based on the chosen diagnosis. Physicians responded positively to the “knowledge page.”
Direct estimation of serum iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity in a single aliquot.

Summary A method is described for the direct estimation of unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and total serum iron employing 4,7-diphenyl-1,10 phenanthroline sulfonate. The entire procedure is performed in a single tube. UIBC is measured in an alkaline borate medium in the presence of the iron indicator and ascorbate. Total iron estimation is subsequently carried out by a lowering of the pH with a HCl glycine-tween buffer which releases transferrin bound iron. The method compares favorably with the more classic deproteination procedures for serum iron and UIBC estimation. The effect of moderate to severe ictera and hemolysis on the procedure is presented. The method offers the advantages of expediency and simplicity over conventional but more tedious procedures for serum iron and UIBC.
Analysis of Feedstock Supply Costs for Wood‐fired Electric Power Plants in Liberia, West Africa

In Liberia, as in many developing countries, electrification of towns and cities throughout the country has long been a major development goal. However, fuel expenditures by the Liberian Electricity Corporation (LEC) for its rural public stations represent a major and growing burden on the financially hard-pressed utility. In this paper we evaluate the economics of supplying wood to rural electric power plants utilizing different sources of feedstock. We also evaluate the cost implications of differences in wood supply requirements based on the use of steam or gasifier technology, and from variation in plant utilization level. The wood supply we consider as sources are: (1) retired rubber trees; (2) the harvesting of secondary-growth forest just before the land is returned to temporary cultivation; (3) the establishment of commercial short-rotation wood energy plantations; and (4) adding to the system of shifting agriculture the planting of fast-growing wood species. The results indicate that wood can probably be supplied under a wide range of supply and demand conditions for US$1.00–1.70 per GJ. We estimate that wood steam plants can generate power for about $0.09-0.14 per kWh and gasifier plants for $0.10-0.18 per kWh. These costs are well below the present cost of oil-based rural electric power generation in Liberia (about $0.20–0.27 per kWh).
EMI shielding plastics: A review

The objective of this article is to review the use of conductive plastics in the shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The theory of EMI shielding and evaluation methods of EMI materials are discussed. Different approaches in achieving high conductivity of plastics are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on filled plastics which are a promising way for shielding and do not require a secondary process. Literature on properties and processing of several common conducting plastics is reviewed. Design and processing requirements of such filled plastics are also given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Milking robots in large dairy farms

Abstract This paper discusses some of the factors which will contribute to the rate of adoption of the robotic milking system by large dairy farms in the United States, if and when current mechanical problems regarding machine attachment and voluntary cow entry for the entire dairy herd are solved. The most relevant factors are the high investment cost of the automatic system and necessary housing changes needed to make the system a serious factor in future milking systems in the United States.
Voice and the Victorian storyteller

1. 'The best man of all': mythologies of the storyteller 2. When good speech acts go bad: the voice of industrial fiction 3. Speech on paper: Charles Dickens, Victorian phonography, and the reform of writing 4. 'Done to death': Dickens and the author's voice 5. Unuttered: withheld speech in Jane Eyre and Villette 6. 'Hell's masterpiece of print': voice, face, and print in The Ring and the Book 7. A voice without a body: the phonographic logic of Heart of Darkness.
Reproduction in the Yuman Fringe-Toed Lizard, Uma rufopunctata (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

Abstract Information on the reproductive cycle of Uma rufopunctata is presented from a histological examination of specimens collected during May from Sonora, Mexico. The smallest reproductively active male (spermiogenesis in progress) was 81 mm in snout–vent length. Mean size of clutch for 20 females was 2.4 ± 1.0 SD, range = 1–5. The smallest reproductively active female was 63 mm in snout–vent length. Presence of oviductal eggs and concomitant deposition of yolk in one female during May indicated that U. rufopunctata may produce >1 clutch of eggs in the same reproductive season.
Protection against lipopolysacharide-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice by cardiac-specific expression of soluble Fas

Abstract The mechanisms responsible for myocardial dysfunction in the setting of sepsis remain undefined. Fas ligation with its cognate ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis and activates cellular inflammatory responses associated with tissue injury. We determined whether interruption of Fas/FasL interaction by cardiac-specific expression of soluble Fas (sFas), a competitive inhibitor of FasL, would improve myocardial dysfunction and inflammation in a lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of sepsis. Wild-type (WT) and sFas transgenic mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg LPS or with an equivalent volume of saline. At 18 h after LPS administration, echocardiographic evaluation revealed a significant decrease in left ventricular fractional shortening in the WT mice, whereas the fractional shortening was preserved in the sFas mice. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the increase in the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 resulting from LPS treatment were attenuated in the myocardium of sFas mice. sFas expression also inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and formation of peroxynitrite in the myocardium. LPS-induced increase in caspase-3/7 activity and apoptotic cell death were suppressed in sFas mice compared with WT mice. LPS-induced lung injury and increase in lung water content were also significantly reduced in sFas mice. These data indicate that neutralization of FasL by expression of sFas significantly preserves cardiac function and reduces inflammatory responses in the heart, suggesting that Fas/FasL signaling pathway is important in mediating the deleterious effects of LPS on myocardial function.