cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of acute intraocular pressure increases after phacoemulsification lens extraction in dogs

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms by which intraocular pressure (IOP) increases acutely after phacoemulsification (PE) lens extraction in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 24 young adult dogs. PROCEDURE Intraocular pressure was monitored for up to 24 hours after unilateral intercapsular PE in 17 clinically normal, adult dogs. In 8 of these dogs, use of 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) aided capsulorhexis. Mean volume of irrigation, PE time, and power were constant between groups. After surgery, dogs were randomized then euthanatized, and eyes were examined grossly and histologically at 0 (n = 4), 3 (n = 7), and 24 hours (n = 6) after PE. Seven additional dogs underwent anterior chamber decompression alone (n = 4) or served as morphologic controls (n = 3). RESULTS Intraocular pressure peaked by postoperative hour 3 at 49.9 +/- 5.0 mm of Hg and normalized by 24 hours. Use of HPMC did not affect the peak or duration of IOP increase. Blood refluxed into the collecting channels and corneoscleral trabecular meshwork in operated eyes. Computer-aided morphologic analysis indicated significant (P < 0.001) reduction in ciliary cleft cross-sectional surface area and width immediately after PE, but not after anterior chamber decompression alone. Cleft collapse was significantly (P < 0.02) greater at 24 than at 3 hours, despite return of IOP to control values by 24 hours. Plasmoid aqueous also was found in the meshwork. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sudden, large increases in IOP with few overt clinical signs may occur immediately after lens extraction in dogs. Such increases risk compromising the corneal incision and may damage the optic nerve, thereby complicating lens extraction. Structural alterations in the trabecular meshwork persist after IOP has normalized in 24 hours and may contribute to genesis of glaucoma in the late postoperative period.
Strengthening and toughening mechanisms in microfiber reinforced cementitious composites

Materials with quasi-brittle stress strain curves exhibit desirable properties such as enhanced durability, flaw tolerance and toughness. This study reveals that steel microfiber reinforced cement based composites exhibit such quasi-brittle behavior. Mechanical properties of steel microfiber reinforced cement based composites are obtained through flexure and splitting tension tests. The cracking process and crack fiber interactions that lead to the quasi-brittle behavior in these composites were investigated. The strength and toughness enhancement is associated with crack wake mechanisms. Aggregate bridging and pullout and secondary crack formations associated with microfiber bridging sites are predominant during the strain hardening regime. Multiple secondary microcracks perpendicular to the fiber/matrix interface is the dominant failure mode beyond peak load in the strain softening regime.
Low-Income Women’s Feeding Practices and Perceptions of Dietary Guidance: A Qualitative Study

Objectives Describe themes characterizing feeding behaviors of low-income women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and identify the attitudes, beliefs, and sources of information that inform these practices. Methods Formative research was conducted including focus groups and semi-structured individual phone interviews with a total of 68 low-income women participating in WIC. Qualitative data were recorded, transcribed, imported into NVivo 8.0, and analyzed for common themes. Results Mothers reported feeding behaviors inconsistent with guidance from WIC and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Three main themes were identified. First, mothers reported receiving conflicting messaging/advice from medical professionals, WIC nutritionists, and family members, which was confusing. Mothers also reported dissatisfaction with the "one size fits most" approach. Lastly, mothers reported relying on their "instincts" and that "all babies are different" when deciding and rationalizing what feeding guidance to follow. Conclusions Future interventions targeting this high-risk population should consider developing personalized (individualized) messaging, tailored to the needs of each mother-child dyad. Focused efforts are needed to build partnerships between WIC providers and other health care providers to provide more consistent messages about responsive feeding to prevent early obesity.
Structures of TorsinA and its disease-mutant complexed with an activator reveal the molecular basis for primary dystonia

A group of enzymes known as the AAA+ ATPase family have a wide variety of roles in the cell. They are able to break down a molecule called ATP and use the energy released to change the structure of other ‘target’ molecules. TorsinA is one such AAA+ ATPase and is found primarily in nerve cells inside two cell compartments called the endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear space. There, TorsinA interacts with one of two proteins – called LULL1 and LAP1 – that activate TorsinA. In this respect, TorsinA differs from other members of the AAA+ ATPase family, which can activate themselves without the need for additional proteins. TorsinA and other enzymes are made up of building blocks called amino acids. Mutant forms of TorsinA that have lost a particular amino acid cause primary dystonia, an incurable neuromuscular disease. This amino acid is needed for TorsinA to interact with LULL1 and LAP1. Previous studies have revealed the 3D structure of LAP1 on its own, but the structure of TorsinA remained unknown. One way to study the structure of enzymes is to use a technique called X-ray crystallography. The first step in this technique is to make crystals of the protein of interest. However, it has proved difficult to make crystals of TorsinA. Demircioglu et al. have addressed this problem by using X-ray crystallography to investigate the structure of TorsinA when it is bound to LULL1. The experiments used a small molecule known as a nanobody that can specifically recognize the human TorsinA enzyme. The nanobody helped TorsinA to stay attached to LULL1 and form the crystals needed for X-ray crystallography. The 3D structures reveal how TorsinA and LULL1 interact in a high level of detail, helping to explain how TorsinA differs from other AAA+ ATPases. In addition, by comparing how normal TorsinA and the mutant form interact with LULL1, Demircioglu et al. provide more evidence that primary dystonia is likely to be caused by the improper activation of TorsinA. The subtle differences revealed by these structures could be exploited to develop new drugs to fight this disease in the future.
Growth from failure

Our task as scientists is to ask difficult questions until we uncover the truth—which means learning from failed experiments and trying again, undaunted. Yet, after years of honing my type A tendencies to succeed academically, I began graduate school with a fear of failure. As I searched for the
Do Street Fairs Boost Local Businesses? A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Using Social Network Data

Local businesses and retail stores are a crucial part of local economy. Local governments design policies for facilitating the growth of these businesses that can consequently have positive externalities on the local community. However, many times these policies have completely opposite from the expected results (e.g., free curb parking instead of helping businesses has been illustrated to actually hurt them due to the small turnover per spot). Hence, it is important to evaluate the outcome of such policies in order to provide educated decisions for the future. In the era of social and ubiquitous computing, mobile social media, such as Foursquare, form a platform that can help towards this goal. Data from these platforms capture semantic information of human mobility from which we can distill the potential economic activities taking place. In this paper we focus on street fairs (e.g., arts festivals) and evaluate their ability to boost economic activities in their vicinity. In particular, we collected data from Foursquare for the three month period between June 2015 and August 2015 from the city of Pittsburgh. During this period several street fairs took place. Using these events as our case study we analyzed the data utilizing propensity score matching and a quasi-experimental technique inspired by the difference-in-differences method. Our results indicate that street fairs provide positive externalities to nearby businesses. We further analyzed the spatial reach of this impact and we find that it can extend up to 0.6 miles from the epicenter of the event.
Understanding the Relative Value of Alternative Pathways in Postsecondary Education: Evidence From the State of Virginia

Abstract In this chapter, we replicate and extend analyses completed in other state-wide studies by estimating returns to credentials and credit accumulation for first-time college students who enrolled in the Virginia Community College System in Fall 2004 using a classic Mincerian approach. Consistent with previous studies, we find positive returns to college-level credits, even among students who did not earn a credential. When accounting for the total number of college-level credits accumulated, we find significant “sheepskin effects,” the value of an educational award as a signal apart from the skills actually associated with earning that degree—associated with associate and bachelor’s degree receipt but no consistently positive sheepskin effects for short-term and long-term certificates. However, analysis by field of study reveals highly differentiated results, both in terms of returns to credits and the sheepskin effects. Lastly, we find that returns to credits and to award receipt differ among younger and older students, which suggests different educational needs and benefits for students at different points in their careers.
Case Study 11. The Habilis Workbench: Experimental Archaeology

The earliest stone tools were crude: a hominin picked up a cobble and bashed something with it. If the cobble broke, it produced a sharp edge, opening up further possibilities. Over the course of a million years or so, hominins became increasingly skilled in shaping the tools with relatively few flakes so they would be appropriate for the task at hand. Such tools must lie by the millions across the African landscape, or still buried, waiting to be found. Mary Leakey found them in great quantity at Olduvai Gorge and in the tradition of archeologists, she catalogued and described them according to shape. Functions of the tools and the actions of the tool-makers were left to the imagination until a new generation of researchers brought experimental archaeology to the field and shed new light on life in the very earliest Paleolithic era.
Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus: From Stem Cells to Behavior

The dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus continuously generates new neurons during adulthood. These adult-born neurons become functionally active and are thought to contribute to learning and memory, especially during their maturation phase, when they have extraordinary plasticity. In this Review, we discuss the molecular machinery involved in the generation of new neurons from a pool of adult neural stem cells and their integration into functional hippocampal circuits. We also summarize the potential functions of these newborn neurons in the adult brain, their contribution to behavior, and their relevance to disease.
Assessment of acculturation in minority health research

Acculturation represents an important construct in the context of health disparities. Although several studies have reported relationships between various aspects of acculturation and health in minority populations, crucial inconsistencies remain. One likely reason for these inconsistencies may relate to limitations in the conceptualization and operationalization of acculturation, particularly in the context of health research. The acculturation construct underwent major conceptual and operational change when it was adapted from anthropology to psychology, and we argue another major shift is now required for use of this construct in health research. Issues include determining whether acculturation measures should focus on an individual's internal attitudes or overt behaviors; whether they should characterize cultural orientation status at a given point in time or change over time; whether measures should be culture-specific or more global in nature; how the issue of multiculturalism should be addressed; how measures can optimally incorporate multiple dimensions of acculturation; and whether proxy measures should be used. These issues are important in the context of health research because of their implications for determining the direct and indirect effects of cultural change on health-related biological and behavioral processes. We elaborate on and address each of these issues from a perspective that spans multiple disciplines across the biological and social sciences, and offer concrete recommendations with the ultimate goal of achieving a better understanding of the role of acculturation in minority health and health disparities.
Differences in psychosocial variables between unaffected relatives and probands pursuing BRCA1/2 genetic counseling

A7 Although genetic counseling guidelines for probands (the first person in a family to undergo genetic testing) and relatives of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are well established, few studies have examined differences in knowledge, distress, and risk perception between unaffected relatives and affected probands prior to the initial genetic counseling session. The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial differences between affected probands and unaffected relatives of mutation carriers prior to undergoing genetic counseling. Participants in this study were women with a 10% or greater likelihood of carrying a BRCA mutation, including women who have been affected with breast cancer and unaffected women with a known mutation in their family. For the present analyses, we excluded women who were within a year of their cancer diagnosis (n=39) or who were diagnosed with ovarian cancer (n=18). Participants (N=206) were self- or physician-referred to cancer genetic counseling programs. Prior to genetic counseling, participants completed a telephone interview assessing breast cancer knowledge, distress, perceived BRCA1/2 mutation risk, and perceived breast and ovarian cancer risk. At baseline, relatives exhibited higher knowledge (t(205)= -2.22; p=.03) and higher perceived risk for carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation (t(199) = -4.52; p 40) to be consistent with risk management recommendations. In younger women, probands reported significantly higher breast cancer distress than relatives (t(49) = 2.51; p=.02) and relatives reported greater perceived risk for carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation (t(47)= 1.86; p=.08). In older women, a significant difference emerged between probands and relatives on BRCA1/2 mutation risk (t(150) = -3.04, p=.003), and a trend was found for differences in breast cancer knowledge, (t(153) = -1.78; p=.08), with relatives having greater perceived risk and breast cancer knowledge than probands. Finally, we evaluated perceived risk for breast and ovarian cancer after excluding women who reported having prophylactic surgery at baseline (n = 44). Relatives reported higher perceived risk for breast cancer (t(156) = -5.49; p 40). Clinically, these results suggest that unaffected relatives of mutation carriers are entering the genetic counseling process with higher BRCA knowledge and perceived risk compared to probands, but not more distress. However, younger probands are experiencing significantly more distress, despite lower ratings of perceived risk and knowledge. These results have implications for specialized tailoring of genetic counseling sessions based on proband versus relative status and the accompanying differences in knowledge that may affect a patient’s approach to and understanding of information presented during the genetic counseling process. Genetic counselors should also routinely assess distress levels of younger probands to provide appropriate referrals and psychosocial services.
Estimating the Value of the Honolulu Rail Transit Project: A Semiparametric Analysis of Property Values on Oahu, HI

This study assesses the impact of proximity to the Honolulu Rail Transit (HRT) on the single-family and condo values on Oahu, Hawaii. The data includes more than 32,000 single family homes and 47,000 condos between 2006 and 2015. In this paper, when semiparametric model using too large bandwidth, the results are not as rigorous as the fixed effects model with 130 controlled groups. The results indicate that after the ground-breaking event for HRT, the island-wide single family housing prices increase by 4%, but the condo values decrease by 4%; there are very slight positive distance spillover effects for single family housing market: houses located one mile closer to the HRT areas, the housing prices increase by 0.6%, however, this slight positive impact is at the costs of local housing values: for homes located within a 0.5 mile radius of the future HRT line, their values drop by 7.1%, for homes located between a 0.5 and 1 mile radius of the future HRT line, their values drop by 4.1%, and for homes located between a 1 and 2 mile radius of the future HRT line, their values drop by 2.1%. These negative local effects disappear after the 2 mile radius distance.
An Examination of How to Incorporate Ethics Into Systems Analysis and Vice Versa

In their paper “Combining Systems Dynamics and Ethics: Towards More Science?” Erik Pruyt and Jan Kwakkel argue that ethics ought to play a larger role in systems dynamics and vice versa (2007). Including ethics, they contend, will add sensitivity to current systems models as well as provide guidance on how to achieve best outcomes; with respect to both efficiency and flourishing (Pruyt & Kwakkel, 2007).At first blush, such a cross pollination promises to add much needed depth of analysis to systems modeling and a higher degree of precision in ethical analyses. Not surprisingly, however, achieving such outcomes is more complex than it initially appears. Indeed, the quest for additional precision in ethical analysis is not a new one to philosophers and ethicists. The problem remains, in many ways, intractable.In Part I of this paper, the authors expand on Pruyt and Kwakkel’s thesis by examining specific insights and tools that can and should be incorporated into systems dynamics modeling. Emphasis will be placed on the mechanics of this inclusion and the resultant implications. Part II, then, focuses on how systems dynamics tools like causal loop modeling and behavior-over-time graphs can be incorporated into ethical analyses in a non-arbitrary manner. Finally, in Part III of the paper, the authors briefly discuss the ramifications of Parts I and II for engineering education; both among students and practicing engineers.The authors argue that both directions of the cross pollination have merit (especially the inclusion of ethical considerations in systems dynamics modeling) and ought to be developed further.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Proteobacteria drive significant functional variability in the human gut microbiome

While human gut microbiomes vary significantly in taxonomic composition, biological pathway abundance is surprisingly invariable across hosts. We hypothesized that healthy microbiomes appear functionally redundant due to factors that obscure differences in gene abundance across hosts. To account for these biases, we developed a powerful test of gene variability, applicable to shotgun metagenomes from any environment. Our analysis of healthy stool metagenomes reveals thousands of genes whose abundance differs significantly between people consistently across studies, including glycolytic enzymes, lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes, and secretion systems. Even housekeeping pathways contain a mix of variable and invariable genes, though most deeply conserved genes are significantly invariable. Variable genes tend to be associated with Proteobacteria, as opposed to taxa used to define enterotypes or the dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. These results establish limits on functional redundancy and predict specific genes and taxa that may drive physiological differences between gut microbiomes.
Genome Sequence of Leuconostoc citreum DmW_111, Isolated from Wild Drosophila.

ABSTRACT Isolates of the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc citreum are a major part of fermentation processes, especially in Korean kimchi. Here, we present the genome of L. citreum DmW_111, isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster; analysis of this genome will expand the diversity of genome sequences for non-Lactobacillus spp. isolated from D. melanogaster.
Pyroptosis by caspase11/4-gasdermin-D pathway in alcoholic hepatitis in mice and patients.

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) continues to be a disease with high mortality and no efficacious medical treatment. Although severe AH is presented as acute on chronic liver failure, what underlies this transition from chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) to AH, is largely unknown. To address this question, unbiased RNA-seq and proteomic analyses were performed on livers of the recently developed AH mouse model which exhibits the shift to AH from chronic ASH upon weekly alcohol binge, and these results are compared with gene expression profiling data from AH patients. This cross-analysis has identified Casp11 (CASP4 in man) as a commonly upregulated gene known to be involved in non-canonical inflammasome pathway. Immunoblotting confirms CASP11/4 activation in AH mice and patients but not in chronic ASH mice and healthy human livers. Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) which induces pyroptosis (lytic cell death caused by bacterial infection) downstream of CASP11/4 activation, is also activated in AH livers in mice and patients. CASP11 deficiency reduces GSDMD activation, bacterial load in the liver, and the severity of AH in the mouse model. Conversely, the deficiency of IL-18, the key anti-microbial cytokine, aggravates hepatic bacterial load, GSDMD activation, and AH. Further, hepatocyte-specific expression of constitutively active GSDMD worsens hepatocellular lytic death and PMN inflammation. These results implicate pyroptosis induced by CASP11/4-GSDMD pathway in the pathogenesis of AH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Innately activated TLR4 signal in the nucleus accumbens is sustained by CRF amplification loop and regulates impulsivity

Cognitive impulsivity is a heritable trait believed to represent the behavior that defines the volition to initiate alcohol drinking. We have previously shown that a neuronal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal located in the central amygdala (CeA) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) controls the initiation of binge drinking in alcohol-preferring P rats, and TLR4 expression is upregulated by alcohol-induced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) at these sites. However, the function of the TLR4 signal in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc-shell), a site implicated in the control of reward, drug-seeking behavior and impulsivity and the contribution of other signal-associated genes, are still poorly understood. Here we report that P rats have an innately activated TLR4 signal in NAc-shell neurons that co-express the α2 GABAA receptor subunit and CRF prior to alcohol exposure. This signal is not present in non-alcohol drinking NP rats. The TLR4 signal is sustained by a CRF amplification loop, which includes TLR4-mediated CRF upregulation through PKA/CREB activation and CRF-mediated TLR4 upregulation through the CRF type 1 receptor (CRFR1) and the MAPK/ERK pathway. NAc-shell Infusion of a neurotropic, non-replicating herpes simplex virus vector for TLR4-specific small interfering RNA (pHSVsiTLR4) inhibits TLR4 expression and cognitive impulsivity, implicating the CRF-amplified TLR4 signal in impulsivity regulation.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty vs CN XII stimulation for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: A single institution experience.

Abstract Objectives Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy is an emerging surgical treatment for select patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aims to compare outcomes in patients with moderate to severe OSA who underwent HNS surgery (Inspire Medical Systems) and those who underwent traditional airway reconstructive surgery, specifically uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Methods Patients who underwent HNS implantation (n = 20), all with moderate to severe OSA, inability to adhere to positive pressure therapy, and compliant with previously published inclusion criteria, were compared to a historical cohort that were intolerant of CPAP with similar inclusion criteria who all underwent UPPP (n = 20) with some also undergoing additional procedures such as septoplasty/turbinate reduction. Data including body mass index (BMI), pre- and post-implant apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were assessed. Results For patients who underwent HNS, mean preoperative BMI was 28.0. Mean AHI decreased significantly from 38.9 ± 12.5 to 4.5 ± 4.8. All patients achieved an AHI Conclusion While both traditional surgery and HNS are effective treatments for patients with moderate to severe OSA with CPAP intolerance, our study demonstrates that HNS is “curative” in normalizing the AHI to
Geographic Variation in the Black-Violence Stereotype:

The stereotype that Blacks are violent is pervasive in the United States. Yet little research has examined whether this stereotype is linked to violent behavior from members of different racial gro...
Finite Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry with Applications to the Finite Pendulum and the Polygonal Harmonic Motion. A First Step to Finite Cosmology

Because the Universe is both finite and atomic it is desirable to have a geometry which satisfies most of the properties of Euclidean or non-Euclidean geometry for which the number of points on each line is finite. This paper presents essential features of such geometries. The beginning of finite mechanics is present through the application to the finite circular pendulum and to the harmonic polygonal motion, for which time is also discrete.
Identifying Associations Among Co-Occurring Medical Conditions in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Abstract Objective Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a high prevalence of co-occurring medical conditions, including speech, sleep, and gastrointestinal disorders (constipation and feeding difficulties); developmental delay; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; hypotonia; epilepsy; anxiety; disruptive behavior; pica; and eczema. Less is known about whether these commonly coexist in the same children. We sought to determine clinically meaningful, statistically significant associations among co-occurring medical conditions in children with ASD that could lead to better understanding, identification, and treatment of these disorders. Methods We studied 2114 children with ASD aged 17 months to 5years and 1221 children aged 6 to 17years at 15 Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network Registry sites. Clinician-reported diagnoses and problems were grouped into 12 core conditions. We determined the observed prevalence (O) of co-occurring conditions and the estimated expected prevalence (E) across the network, adjusting for sitevariability in the prevalence of individual conditions. Pvalues were calculated using a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test stratified by site. We identified pairs of conditions co-occurring more frequently than expected (O/E >1) and less frequently than expected (O/E Results Among the 66 condition pairs for each age group, we confirmed previously identified associations, such as sleep disorders and anxiety symptoms, in older children. We found some associations not previously described, including feeding with sleep disorders (younger children only), constipation with sleep disorders, feeding with speech disorders, and constipation with speech disorders. Conclusions We have identified new associations among co-occurring medical conditions in children with ASD, offering the potential to examine common pathways.
Alterations in two oncogenic drivers: Impact of concurrent PIK3CA or AKT1 mutations in patients with oncogene-driven lung adenocarcinomas.

8074 Background: Little is known of prognosis and the efficacy of targeted therapies in patients whose lung adenocarcinomas harbor two oncogenic drivers. Methods: We identified patients treated at ...
A Machine Learning Framework for Domain Generation Algorithm-Based Malware Detection

Attackers usually use a command and control (C2) server to manipulate the communication. In order to perform an attack, threat actors often employ a domain generation algorithm (DGA), which can allow malware to communicate with C2 by generating a variety of network locations. Traditional malware control methods, such as blacklisting, are insufficient to handle DGA threats. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework for identifying and detecting DGA domains to alleviate the threat. We collect real-time threat data from the real-life traffic over a one-year period. We also propose a deep learning model to classify a large number of DGA domains. The proposed machine learning framework consists of a two-level model and a prediction model. In the two-level model, we first classify the DGA domains apart from normal domains and then use the clustering method to identify the algorithms that generate those DGA domains. In the prediction model, a time-series model is constructed to predict incoming domain features based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). Furthermore, we build a deep neural network (DNN) model to enhance the proposed machine learning framework by handling the huge dataset we gradually collected. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed framework and the DNN model. To be precise, we achieve an accuracy of 95.89% for the classification in the framework and 97.79% in the DNN model, 92.45% for the second-level clustering, and 95.21% for the HMM prediction in the framework.
Comparison of adjuvant chemotherapy, chemoradiation, and chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation for resected stage I-II pancreatic cancer.

372Background: Prior National Cancer Database (NCDB) studies have demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit for adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) compared to chemotherapy alone. Given th...
More on Gopakumar-Vafa formula: coefficients ℱ0 and ℱ1

In Type IIA compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold, the genus zero and one terms of the Gopakumar-Vafa (GV) formula describe F-terms that are related to genus zero and one topological amplitudes. While for higher-genus terms $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{F}}}_{\mathrm{g}},\mathrm{g}\ge 2 $$ , the contribution of a light hypermultiplet can be computed via a sum over Kaluza-Klein harmonics, as has been shown in a recent paper, for $$ \mathrm{g}\ \le 1 $$ , the sum diverges and it is better to compute ℱ0 and ℱ1 directly in five-dimensional field theory. Such a computation is presented here.
Analogies in IP: Moral Rights

This Article critically examines the analogies scholars use to explain the special relation between the author and her work that copyright law protects under the doctrine of moral rights. The goal of this Article is to determine “when to drop the analogy and get on with developing the” content of the relation between the author and the work. Upon examination, that moment approaches rather quickly: none of these analogies provide any helpful framework for understanding the purported relation. At best, these analogies are first attempts at describing the relation between author and her work. At worst, they are misleading rhetorical devices used to gain support for moral rights. So I assume that analogies are valuable as starting points for thinking about the relation between the author and her work, rather than explaining the nature of the relation. Even when viewed this way, however, the analogies raise more questions than they purport to answer. Because the analogies discussed do not explain the author-work relation, scholars must look elsewhere for arguments to support moral rights.
Líquenes de Chile I

La presente publicacion constituye el inicio de una serie destinada a caracterizar aspectos generales de los liquenes y a describir los taxa que han sido reconocidos para Chile. En esta primera parte se analizan los siguientes capitulos: 1. Introduccion; 2. Historia; 3. Morfologia y 4. Reproduccion y desarrollo.
Structure, mechanism, and inhibition of the zinc-dependent histone deacetylases

Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the biological function of histone and non-histone proteins through the hydrolysis of acetyllysine side chains to yield free lysine and acetate. Certain HDAC isozymes exhibit alternative catalytic activities, such as polyamine deacetylase or lysine fatty acid deacylase activity. To date, crystal structures have been reported for class I HDACs (1, 2, 3, and 8), class IIa HDACs (4 and 7), and class IIb HDACs (6 and 10). Conserved active site residues mediate the chemistry of substrate activation and hydrolysis in these isozymes through a metal-activated water molecule assisted by general base-general acid catalysis. Upregulated HDAC activity is observed in cancer and neurodegenerative disease, and four HDAC inhibitors are currently approved for use in cancer chemotherapy. Crystal structures of HDAC-inhibitor complexes guide the design of new inhibitors with high affinity and selectivity for specific HDAC isozymes implicated in human disease.
SAT0106 NOVEL SUBCLASS OF INTRAVASCULAR NON-CLASSICAL SYNOVIAL MONOCYTES ARE CRITICAL FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background: There are at least three populations of circulating monocytes; classical, intermediate and non-classical. We demonstrated that circulating non-classical monocytes are required for the effector phase of arthritis and spontaneous models of arthritis in mice. While the vast majority of studies on monocytes have focused those in circulation, very little is known about the monocytes in the synovium. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of tissue monocytes with those circulation and determine their involvement in inflammation. Methods: Female 8-10-week-old NR4A1-/-, CX3CR1ERCre.zsGFP, and C57Bl/6 mice were used in all studies. CX3CR1ERCre.zsGFP were utilized for cell tracking studies and joint shielded bone marrow chimeras via administration of tamoxifen (tam). Intravascular monocytes were identified using fluorescent anti CD45 antibody before perfusion. STIA was induced via I.V. KBxN sera. Monocyte populations were quantified by flow cytometry and FACS sorted for RNA-sequencing (RNA seq). Nonclassical tissue monocytes were identified CD45+CD11b+Ly6G-TIM4-CD64-Ly6clo and subdivided into intravascular (CD45-labeled, CD43+), trans-vascular (CD45-labeled CD43-) and extravascular (no CD45-label). Human synovium was obtained from ultrasound guided synovial biopsies and CD45+ cells were FACSorted for single cell RNA seq. Results: NR4A1-/- mice exhibit a 95% reduction in circulating Ly6clo monocytes but retain Ly6clo cells in the joint and develop STIA. The transcriptional profiling of bulk populations of Ly6clo cells in the synovium are distinct from those circulating in the blood. We then identified three populations of Ly6Clo monocytes in the joint; extra-vascular, trans-vascular cells, and intra-vascular cells using 18 color flow cytometry. Lineage tracing studies reveal that the origin of extra-vascular and trans-vascular synovial monocytes are from the embryo while the intravascular monocytes are derived post-natally. The intravascular monocytes are depleted with clodronate loaded liposomes while the extravascular and trans-vascular remain unaffected. Moreover, the intravascular monocytes rapidly expand during the first 1hour of STIA, increasing by 30x in population size. RA patients also display similar populations of non-classical monocytes using single cell RNA seq Conclusion: We have identified and described three previously uncharacterized populations of non-classical monocytes cells in the joint, an intra-vascular adherent, a trans-vascular population and an extra-vascular population. These cells have distinct origins and phenotype from both tissue resident macrophages and circulating non-classical monocytes. Further, the findings presented here strongly suggest intravascular are a key effector cells in inflammatory arthritis. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Rates of Dysphagia-Related Diagnoses in Long-Term Survivors of Head and Neck Cancers.

ObjectiveTo estimate long-term prevalence of new dysphagia-related diagnoses in a large cohort of head and neck cancer survivors.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingPopulation based.Subjects an...
168 Calf-inated Cups: Disposable coffee cups as a fiber source in ruminant diets

Per unit energy, fiber is among the most expensive components of the ruminant diet. Wastes from human enterprises may represent the next step in feedstuff investigation. In an effort to minimize the anthropogenic waste contribution, and as a means to find a more cost-efficient resource to feed ruminant animals, our objective was to determine the nutritive value of disposable coffee cups and warmer sleeves in relation to ruminant nutrition. Discarded cups and warmer sleeves were collected from employees at Tarleton State University in fall of 2017. Cups were obtained from five sources, and warmer sleeves were obtained from two sources. Cups and sleeves were dried at 55°C for 72 h and ground to pass through a 2-mm screen. Ground samples were subjected to a batch-culture in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) assay. Original samples and incubated residues were then assayed for DM, NDF, ADF, and CP. Data were analyzed as a random effects model completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of source (n = 5) or type (cup or sleeve) for contribution to variance of NDF, ADF, IVTD, and in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD). Mean values for NDF, ADF, IVTD, and IVNDFD across samples were 89.5, 81.4, 24.5, and 18.7%, respectively. Results indicate a low digestibility coefficient for these waste products, thus meaning its use as a feedstuff could be questionable. However, such results provide insight into niches where this product and other anthropogenic wastes may fit in the larger picture of ruminant nutrition
Hyperspectral Raman Imaging Using a Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer with a Microlens Array

A new hyperspectral Raman imaging technique is described using a spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) and a microlens array (MLA). The new technique enables the simultaneous acquisition of ...
Integral or Irrelevant: What Makes a Desirable College Intern?

What constitutes a ‘quality’ college intern? Interning is an integral part of the student experience at George Washington University. Although the benefits of interning are well known, we know less about the qualities and skills that make a desirable intern. In this research, we examine what internship sponsors desire in a George Washington University political science student intern. We analyze quantitative and qualitative sponsor evaluations of the student intern’s performance looking at dependability, work ethic, attendance, usefulness to the organization, and level of initiative. The analysis is done by the intern’s gender and by the organizational category. Through this research, we offer a greater understanding of the role of internships to undergraduate education, as well as provide insight into interns’ performance while completing their internships.
Support for instructional scaffolding with 1H NMR spectral features in organic chemistry textbook problems

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is vital to synthesis and provides rich problem-solving opportunities to organic chemistry students. Using the theories of scaffolding, interleaving, and blocking, our research systematically explores how textbooks introduce and reinforce spectral features when teaching students to solve 1H NMR spectroscopy problems. Specifically, we investigated the 1H NMR spectral features presented in worked examples and practice problems across four undergraduate organic chemistry textbooks. We examined the frequency and ordering of spectral features to explore how the textbooks could support scaffolded instruction. Spectral features like the number of signals and chemical shift were covered by problems more frequently, while integration was covered least. Our findings suggest that textbooks do not provide sufficient practice with all 1H NMR spectral features. We observed no discernible pattern in how textbooks ordered spectral features of 1H NMR in problems, indicating that there is little systematic method to the design of textbook chapters. Implications for textbook authors and editors, instruction, and research are discussed.
Extracurricular Student Groups: The Final Frontier of Undergraduate Safety

Safety initiatives at the university level have been expanding in recent years to encompass every part of chemistry, from academic research laboratories to undergraduate teaching laboratories. Unfortunately, efforts in extracurricular student group safety have stalled due to a lack of legal liability, poor definitions of the safety roles for advisers and mentors, and a lack of knowledge among undergraduate student leaders about safety resources. Through our work with the University of Minnesota Rocket Team, we developed a framework for undergraduate student groups to pursue potentially dangerous activities in a safe and constructive way. We call on mentors, faculty advisers, and departments of environmental health and safety to work toward establishing similar initiatives at their institutions to ensure the safety of all undergraduate students.
Advances in Supportive Care for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Tremendous advances have been made in the treatment armamentarium for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in recent years, which have substantially improved outcomes for these patients. At the same time, unique toxicities have emerged, and without early intervention, are life-threatening. This article will review the novel therapies in acute leukemias and highlight the clinically relevant supportive care advances. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) has put forth the most recent recommendations in managing the cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and blinatumomab. The hepatic injury incurred by inotuzumab, and the vascular toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, other relatively novel agents, require subspecialist intervention and multidisciplinary care. Asparaginase, a long-established and key element of pediatric regimens, has made a comeback in the young adult leukemia population. Updated guidelines have been outlined for management of asparaginase thrombotic complications. Lastly, although there have been few changes in the applications of growth factor, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and management of neuropathy, these encompass exceedingly important aspects of care. While the rapidly changing treatment paradigms for acute lymphoblastic leukemia have transformed leukemia-specific outcomes, treatment emergent toxicities have forced much necessary attention to better definitions of these toxicities and on improving supportive care guidelines in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Verbal Short-Form FSIQ Estimations for Possible Use With Individuals With Motor and Visual Impairment or in Virtual Environments.

OBJECTIVE Abbreviated and virtual neuropsychological assessment practices are growing in popularity and viable alternatives to traditional testing methods are needed, especially in the face of global health concerns. This study generated and examined short form (SF) full-scale IQ (FSIQ) estimations, which lend themselves to virtual test administration. METHODS Archival data were procured from 318 concurrent cognitive evaluations at a university clinic. Twenty-six unique SF combinations, including dyads, triads, tetrads, and pentads, were created from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition (WAIS-IV) subtests within verbal comprehension and working memory indices due to these tests' ability to be administered without visual stimuli or psychomotor involvement. RESULTS Stepwise regression analyses revealed 9 SF combinations (i.e., 1 pentad, 3 tetrads, 2 triads, and 3 dyads) that significantly accounted for unique variance in FSIQ scores and provided good accuracy estimating FSIQ. CONCLUSION Results suggest the potential viability of verbal WAIS-IV SF FSIQ estimations for clinical use when assessing patients with motor or visual impairments, as well as performing tele-neuropsychological services.
Spatial-temporal Analysis of COVID-19's Impact on Human Mobility: the Case of the United States

COVID-19 has been affecting every aspect of societal life including human mobility since December, 2019. In this paper, we study the impact of COVID-19 on human mobility patterns at the state level within the United States. From the temporal perspective, we find that the change of mobility patterns does not necessarily correlate with government policies and guidelines, but is more related to people's awareness of the pandemic, which is reflected by the search data from Google Trends. Our results show that it takes on average 14 days for the mobility patterns to adjust to the new situation. From the spatial perspective, we conduct a state-level network analysis and clustering using the mobility data from Multiscale Dynamic Human Mobility Flow Dataset. As a result, we find that 1) states in the same cluster have shorter geographical distances; 2) a 14-day delay again is found between the time when the largest number of clusters appears and the peak of Coronavirus-related search queries on Google Trends; and 3) a major reduction in other network flow properties, namely degree, closeness, and betweenness, of all states from the week of March 2 to the week of April 6 (the week of the largest number of clusters).
Hypoxia-induced inhibition of mTORC1 activity in the developing lung: a possible mechanism for the developmental programming of pulmonary hypertension

We describe the first study to evaluate a role for the mTOR pathway in the developmental programming of pulmonary hypertension. Our findings suggest that gestational hypoxia impairs mTORC1 activati...
Supervisory Review and Market Discipline Complementary Pillars to the Basel Capital Adequacy Framework (Presentation Slides)

According to the Basel Committee’s “Revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements”, •The provision of meaningful information about common key risk metrics to market participants is a fundamental tenet of a sound banking system. It reduces information asymmetry and helps promote comparability of banks’ risk profiles within and across jurisdictions." Guiding principles for banks’ Pillar 3 disclosures, as highlighted by the Committee, are as follows (2015): • Principle 1: Disclosures should be clear • Principle 2: Disclosures should be comprehensive • Principle 3: Disclosures should be meaningful to users • Principle 4: Disclosures should be consistent over time • Principle 5: Disclosures should be comparable across banks To what extent is information which is communicated to market participants clear, comprehensive, meaningful, relevant, applicable, consistent and comparable? Is it intended to engage or does it serve just a particular audience? This paper aims, not only to address the above questions, but also demonstrate the relevance and role assumed by the third pillar of the Basel capital adequacy framework. Even though principles also embody the application of market discipline and disclosure requirements – providing much needed flexibility where required, it is also important to note the emphasis placed on presentation, the use of qualitative and quantitative metrics – where applicable, and more importantly, in a manner which can easily be understood by its eventual users.