cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrazine adsorption and the coadsorption of CO and D2 with nitrogen atoms on Rh(100)

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of hydrazine on Rh(100) has been studied by thermal desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Molecular hydrogen, ammonia, molecular nitrogen and hydrazine desorbed from multilayers of adsorbed hydrazine. At temperatures between 500 and 550 K, atomic nitrogen was the only species remaining on the surface. The coadsorption of carbon monoxide and deuterium with various coverages of this atomic nitrogen has been investigated. The presence of nitrogen reduced the sticking coefficient of deuterium, shifted the adsorbed deuterium into more weakly held sites, and lowered the saturation coverage. The metal-carbon monoxide bond was weakened by the presence of atomic nitrogen. Using photoelectron spectroscopies, no new surface species, formed from the interaction of carbon monoxide with atomic nitrogen, were detected.
Schistocytes in Erythroleukemia

A patient whose initial hematologic evaluation suggested the diagnosis of a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) was further evaluated and found to have erythroleukemia (DiGuglielmo's syndrome). This prompted us to review retrospectively the peripheral blood morphology of 12 patients with erythroleukemia. Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, macrocytosis, and nucleated red cells have been described in patients with erythroleukemia; however, changes characteristic of a microangiopathic hemolytic process (schistocytes) have not been previously described. Our patients with erythroleukemia had prominent helmet and fragmented red cells, as well as elliptocytosis. Six of our 12 patients with erythroleukemia did not have blasts on their peripheral smear, and platelets were decreased (platelet count ranged from 2 to 92 X 10(3)/microliter), resulting in changes similar to patients with MAHA due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), traumatic RBC lysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our data indicate the RBC changes characteristic of MAHA are commonly seen in erythroleukemia, and that as many as half of these patients may not have white cell changes suggestive of leukemia on the peripheral smear. Patients presenting with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia require a bone marrow examination to confirm or exclude a myelodysplastic syndrome.
K2CO3/Co-MoS2/clay catalyst for synthesis of alcohol: influence of potassium and cobalt

Abstract K 2 CO 3 /Co-MoS 2 /clay catalyst has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra of chemical species present on the surface of the catalysts are compared as a function of cobalt composition, K 2 CO 3 loading and exposure to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. XPS analysis indicates that the enrichment of cobalt on the surface catalyst occurs at Co/Mo ratio about 0.5 and enrichment of potassium on the surface catalyst is obtained for K 2 CO 3 =12.5 wt.%. The productivity and selectivity of the catalyst has been investigated as a function of cobalt composition, K 2 CO 3 loading and temperature. Highest oxygenates-productivity (0.32 kg/kg cat/h) was obtained at 310 °C for the catalyst with the Co/Mo atomic ratio about 0.5 and K 2 CO 3 =12.5 wt.%.
Variability of phytoplankton distribution and primary production around Elephant Island, Antarctica, during 1990–1993

The distribution and abundance of phytoplankton within a sampling grid of 50×103 km2 around Elephant Island were determined from early January to mid-March of 4 successive years, 1990–1993. The number of stations where physical-optical-biological data were obtained from the surface to a maximum of 750 m ranged from 74 in 1990 to 206 in 1993. Contour maps of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations showed marked mesoscale patchiness that varied from month to month and also interannually. The distribution patterns for chl-a were similar when plotting surface concentrations or integrated values to 100 m. Three major zones could be distinguished that differed in both physical and biological characteristics. Stations in the northwest portion of the grid (Drake Passage waters) and in the southeast portion of the grid (Bransfield Strait waters) showed the most pronounced interannual variations, with phytoplankton biomass and rates of primary production being considerably higher in 1990–91 than in 1992–93. The central portion of the sampling grid, which included the major frontal system north of Elephant Island, showed the smallest interannual variations in both biological and physical parameters and the highest rates of primary production. Phytoplankton biomass and rates of primary production were correlated with depth of the upper mixed layer (UML), which in turn was correlated with the measured wind stress. The mean depth of the UML was 50 m, while the mean depth of the euphotic zone was 90 m. Using the measured mean surface solar irradiance (550 μEinsteins m−2 s−1), the mean irradiance experienced by cells in the UML of 50 m would be around 105 μE m−2 s−1, which is similar to the measured Ik (light saturation) value for photosynthesis (101 μEm−2 s−1). The mean value from all cruises for chl-a in surface waters was 0.7 mg m−3, while the mean rate of primary production was 374 mg Cm−2 day−1.
Ultraheavy cosmic rays - Theoretical implications of recent observations

Extreme ultraheavy cosmic ray observations (Z greater or equal 70) are compared with r-process models. A detailed cosmic ray propagation calculation is used to transform the calculated source distributions to those observed at the earth. The r-process production abundances are calculated using different mass formulae and beta-rate formulae; an empirical estimate based on the observed solar system abundances is used also. There is the continued strong indication of an r-process dominance in the extreme ultra-heavy cosmic rays. However it is shown that the observed high actinide/Pt ratio in the cosmic rays cannot be fit with the same r-process calculation which also fits the solar system material. This result suggests that the cosmic rays probably undergo some preferential acceleration in addition to the apparent general enrichment in heavy (r-process) material. As estimate also is made of the expected relative abundance of superheavy elements in the cosmic rays if the anomalous heavy xenon in carbonaceous chondrites is due to a fissioning superheavy element.
Thiolation of the γB-Crystallins in Intact Bovine Lens Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Oxidative damage of the lens causes disulfide bonds between cysteinyl residues of lens proteins and thiols such as glutathione and cysteine, which may lead to cataract. The effect of H2O2 oxidation was determined by comparing bovine lenses incubated with and without 30 mM H2O2. The H2O2 treatment decreased the glutathione and increased the protein-glutathione and protein-cysteine disulfides in the lens. The molecular mass of the gammaB-crystallin isolated from lenses, not treated with H2O2, agreed with the published sequence (Mr 20,966). Some lenses also had a less abundant gammaB-crystallin component 305 Da higher (Mr 21,270), suggesting the presence of a glutathione adduct. The gammaB-crystallins from H2O2 treated lenses had three components, the major one with one GSH adduct, another one with the mass of unmodified gammaB-crystallin, and a third with a mass consistent with addition of two GSH adducts. Mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic peptides of gammaB-crystallins from different lenses indicated that the +305 Da modifications were not at a specific cysteine. For the lenses incubated without H2O2, there was evidence of adducts at Cys-41 and in peptide 10-31, which includes 3 cysteines. Analysis of modified peptide 10-31 by tandem mass spectrometry showed GSH adducts at Cys-15, Cys-18, and Cys-22. In addition, gammaB-crystallins from H2O2-treated lenses had an adduct at Cys-109, partial oxidation at all 7 Met residues, and evidence for two disulfide bonds.
Statistical Investigation of Three Storage Allocation Algorithms.

Three algorithms for storage allocation, the buddy system, the first fit method, and the segregated method, are investigated. Simulation programs have been constructed and run on a computer, and the results have been compared by use of simple statistical methods.
Biosorption of Cadmium(II) Ions by Citrus Peels in a Packed Bed Column: Effect of Process Parameters and Comparison of Different Breakthrough Curve Models

The efficiency of low cost citrus peels as biosorbents for removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed bed column, a process that could be applied to treat industrial wastewaters similar to commonly used ion exchange columns. Effluent concentration versus time profiles (i.e., breakthrough curves) were experimentally determined in a laboratory-scale packed bed column for varying operational parameters such as flow rate (2, 9, and 15.5 mL/min), influent cadmium concentration (5, 10, and 15 mg/L), and bed height (24, 48, and 72 cm) at pH 5.5. Column operation was most efficient for empty bed contact times of at least 10 min, which were apparently necessary for mass transfer. While the sorption capacity was largely unaffected by operational variables, the Thomas (Th) rate constant increased with the flow rate, and slightly decreased with increasing column length. Three widely used semi-mechanistic models (Th, Bohart–Adams, and Yoon–Nelson) were shown to be equivalent and the generalized model was compared with a two-parameter empirical model (dose-response). The latter was found to be able to better simulate the breakthrough curve in the region of breakthrough and saturation.
Investigations of amitraz neurotoxicity in rats. I. Effects on operant performance.

Abstract Amitraz (AMZ) is a formamidine pesticide which is often compared to chlordimeform (CDM). The effects of AMZ (6.25–75 mg/kg) and CDM (5–20 mg/kg) on the schedule-controlled performance of rats were examined using a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) 10 fixed-interval (FI) 300-sec schedule of milk reinforcement. Following dose-effect determinations, rats received three daily doses of AMZ (50 mg/kg). Low to intermediate doses of AMZ (6.25-25 mg/kg), administered 20 min presession, significantly decreased FI responding but not FR responding. In contrast, CDM appeared to decrease responding similarly under both components. Both compounds disrupted the temporal pattern of responding within the interval; AMZ had only a moderate influence at all effective doses but CDM produced a marked dose-dependent disruption of temporal response patterning. The effects of the high doses of AMZ (50–75 mg/kg) were more pronounced 24 hr after dosing, whereas the rats had recovered from lower doses at this time. Performance was progressively disrupted and the rats' health rapidly deteriorated during the course of three daily injections of AMZ (50 mg/kg). Operant performance recovered more quickly than did the general health of the rats. Thus AMZ produced effects on multiple-schedule performance that were distinct from the effects of CDM. Moreover, the signs of intoxication and the effects on schedule-controlled behavior following a high dose (50 mg/kg) were augmented and persistent with short-term repeated administration.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BILIARY CYSTADENOMAS IN CATS

The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of biliary cystadenomas in cats and compare the findings to a similar rare form of liver tumor in humans. Biliary cystadenomas are uncommon, benign liver tumors of older cats that may occur as focal or multifocal cystic lesions within the liver. The records of 10 cats which had abdominal ultrasonography and histologic diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma were reviewed. The average age of affected cats was 13.3 years (range 10-16 years). Eight cats were neutered males and two were neutered females. In three cats, the tumors were not seen ultrasonographically due to their small size or from being obscured by near-field reverberation echoes. The remaining seven cats had solitary (4 cats) or multifocal (3 cats) masses corresponding to variable ultrasonographic patterns: multilocular masses containing thin-walled cysts, hyperechoic masses with cystic components, or masses of mixed echogenicity with cystic components. The masses had variable ultrasonographic patterns when multifocal disease was present. Recognizable cysts were evident somewhere within the tumors seen ultrasonographically, although sometimes the cysts appeared very small. The biliary cystadenomas were thought to be clinically silent. Although liver enlargement or a cranial abdominal mass was palpable in 4 cats, no consistent trend of clinical signs, CBC or serum biochemical abnormalities could be directly attributed to biliary cystadenoma. The treatment of choice is surgical resection of the tumor, as continued growth may compress adjacent vital structures within the liver. The differential diagnosis of biliary cystadenomas from other cystic liver lesions such as hepatic cysts, hematomas, abscesses, parasitic cysts, or other liver tumors is discussed.
The culture of the body: attitudes toward organ donation in China and the US

Using the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) and the Social Norms Approach (Berkowitz, 1997), this exploratory study examined effects of attitudes and norms on intent to become an organ donor for respondents in China and the United States. Norms were measured using four factors –subjective norm, societal descriptive norm, personal injunctive norm, and benevolent indebtedness to family. US respondents scored significantly higher than Chinese on measures of attitude, subjective norm, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and intent to become a donor, whereas Chinese showed significantly greater agreement with indebtedness. Respondents in both countries had deficient knowledge about organ donation. Finally, results were analyzed through the lens of path modeling which plotted causal relationships predicting intent to become a donor.
Predicting Atlantic Basin Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity by 1 August

Abstract More than 90% of all seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone activity typically occurs after 1 August. A strong predictive potential exists that allows seasonal forecasts of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity to be issued by 1 August, prior to the start of the active portion of the hurricane season. Predictors include June-July meteorological information of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), West African rainfall, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as well as sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA), and the upper-tropospheric zonal-wind anomalies (ZWA) in the Caribbean basin. Use of a combination of these global and regional predictors provides a basis for making cross-validated (jackknifed) 1 August hindcasts of subsequent Atlantic seasonal tropical cyclone activity that show substantial skill over climatology. This relationship is demonstrated in 41 years of hindcasts of the 1950-90 seasons. It is possible to independently explain more than 60% of the year-to-year variability...
Parallel implementation of synthetic aperture radar algorithms

Two sequences of operations necessary for implementation of high resolution image formation in strip and spotlight modes of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are presented. The sequences are mapped onto a mesh-connected SIMD architecture. The mapping includes not only parallel implementation of all the basic computation steps, but also all the necessary data transformation and communication operations. Detailed estimates of the processing times are provided for Hughes Research Laboratories Systolic/Cellular architecture.
Optics: the next generation

A brief summary is given of each of the 66 papers presented in the eight sessions at Optical Engineering Midwest 1992 held on March 19, 1992 at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Illinois. Each session is also related to some national topical issue.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A truly implementation independent GUI development tool

Over the last few years, graphical user interface programming has become increasingly prevalent. Many libraries and languages have been developed to simplify this task. Additionally, design tools have been created that allow the programmer to "draw" their desired interface and then have code automatically generated. Unfortunately, use of these tools locks the programmer into a particular implementation. Even if the tool targets a multi-platform library (e.g. Tcl/Tk or JVM), the flexibility of the result is constrained. We present a truly implementation and platform independent solution. RAPID generates Ada code targeted to an object-oriented set of graphical user interface specifications with absolutely no implementation dependent information. The pattern used to derive these specifications is an improvement over the "Abstract Factory" Pattern, as it allows both the specification and implementation to take advantage of inheritance. The user can then select an implementation (for example, Tcl/Tk or JVM) at compile time. RAPID itself is also written using the same specifications; therefore it requires no modification to target a new implementation or to use a new implementation itself. RAPID is currently being used to design the user interface for a satellite ground station.
Microwave Spectra and the Molecular Structure of Tetracarbonylethyleneiron

Microwave spectra of seven isotopomers of tetracarbonylethyleneiron were recorded using a Pulse-Beam Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer. Rotational transitions for a “c” dipole moment with J‘ ← J from 2 ← 1 to 6 ← 5 were measured in the 4−12 GHz range. Rotational constants were determined by fitting the measured microwave spectra to a Watson “A” reduced Hamiltonian with centrifugal distortion parameters. The measured rotational constants of the main isotopomer are A = 1031.1081(4) MHz, B = 859.8055(4) MHz, and C = 808.5675(3) MHz. Data were also obtained for three 13C-substituted species and two 18O-substituted species in natural abundance. Additional spectra were measured for an isotopically enriched sample of perdeuterated tetracarbonylethyleneiron. The moments of inertia of the seven isotopomers were used in a Kraitchman analysis and in two different least-squares fitting analyses to determine the molecular structure of the compound. The ethylene ligand exhibits significant structural changes upo...
Failure Analysis of a Hammer Drill Shaft under Complex Loading Paths and Severe Environmental Conditions

This paper describes the failure investigation of a tubular shaft that is part of a hammer drill assembly. The failure investigation was particularly challenging as the fracture surfaces were completely damaged during and subsequent to the failure process. However, careful examination of the component and its assembly revealed many clues that pointed to the root causes of failure. It was determined that the shaft was subjected to impact, fatigue, bending and torsional loads simultaneously at elevated temperatures. The basic failure mode was identified as a combination of torsional fatigue and rotating bending fatigue failure that originated on the inside diameter of the shaft. The root causes were determined to be operational overload in combination with rough machining marks on the bore surface and higher than necessary operating torque required to overcome the dry adhesive friction in the system. The preventative measures recommended were many-fold including improving surface finish on the bore diameter, reducing dry sliding friction, decreasing the overall level of dynamic loads by appropriate design changes and adding a surface strengthening heat treatment
Vulnerability to extreme heat by socio-demographic characteristics and area green space among the elderly in Michigan, 1990-2007.

Abstract Objectives We examined how individual and area socio-demographic characteristics independently modified the extreme heat (EH)-mortality association among elderly residents of 8 Michigan cities, May–September, 1990–2007. Methods In a time-stratified case-crossover design, we regressed cause-specific mortality against EH (indicator for 4-day mean, minimum, maximum or apparent temperature above 97th or 99th percentiles). We examined effect modification with interactions between EH and personal marital status, age, race, sex and education and ZIP-code percent “non-green space” (National Land Cover Dataset), age, race, income, education, living alone, and housing age (U.S. Census). Results In models including multiple effect modifiers, the odds of cardiovascular mortality during EH (99th percentile threshold) vs. non-EH were higher among non-married individuals (1.21, 95% CI=1.14–1.28 vs. 0.98, 95% CI=0.90–1.07 among married individuals) and individuals in ZIP codes with high (91%) non-green space (1.17, 95% CI=1.06–1.29 vs. 0.98, 95% CI=0.89–1.07 among individuals in ZIP codes with low (39%) non-green space). Results suggested that housing age may also be an effect modifier. For the EH-respiratory mortality association, the results were inconsistent between temperature metrics and percentile thresholds of EH but largely insignificant. Conclusions Green space, housing and social isolation may independently enhance elderly peoples' heat-related cardiovascular mortality vulnerability. Local adaptation efforts should target areas and populations at greater risk.
Potentiation of factor H by heparin: A rate-limiting mechanism for inhibition of the alternative complement pathway☆

Abstract The mechanism by which heparin inhibits the alternative complement pathway (ACP) by a fluid-phase activator, CoVF, has been studied. Results presented here indicate that heparin's major (rate-limiting) effect on the fluid-phase activation of the ACP was to potentiate Factor H activity. Such an effect results in a very efficient inhibition of C3b and C3bBb function and restriction of subsequent complement activation and hemolytic activity. Evidence was obtained to indicate that soluble heparin bound to Factor H. Upon addition of heparin to human serum, the electrophoretic mobility of Factor H shifted anodally. Assuming that the rate-limiting inhibitory effect of heparin is to potentiate Factor H, then C3-converting complexes such as CoVF- Bb , which do not require C3b for activity, should not be effected by heparin. Indeed, the inhibitory effect of heparin on C3 conversion in EGTA-Mg2+ serum-CoVF mixtures was lost with a prolonged incubation time (i.e. 60–90 min at 37°C). This finding indicated that with time ACP-mediated cleavage of C3 was able to bypass the heparin-mediated inhibitory step. From these studies it is suggested that heparin restricts the C3-converting activity due to soluble C3bBb complexes but not the C3 conversion due to CoVF- Bb complexes. Heparin-mediated restriction of the ACP activation by CoVF was used to calculate the relative percentages of C3 conversion due to C3bBb or CoVF- Bb complexes. In carefully controlled experiments, heparin could not prevent the spontaneous conversion of C3 which occurs upon removing functional Factor H from the sera. Addition of isolated Factor H restored heparin's inhibitory effect on the ACP. Kinetic studies of heparin's inhibition of ACP-mediated lysis of rabbit erythrocytes indicated that heparin's inhibitory function did not occur until after the addition of an ACP activator. Each of these findings is consistent with the postulate that the major (rate-limiting) effect of heparin on the ACP is to potentiate the function of Factor H on activated C3b .
The properties of liquid carbon

A model for the transport properties of liquid carbon based on Ziman liquid metal theory with refinements for polyvalent liquid metals and Fermi surface blurring is applied to calculate the electrical resistivity of liquid carbon at the melting temperature. The thermal and electrical properties predicted by the model are compared to experimental results using numerical heat flow calculations and found to be in good agreement with pulsed-current heating experiments on the resistivity of carbon fibers.
Effects of flour sources on acrylamide formation and oil uptake in fried batters

Food batters were formulated using flours of long-grain rice, waxy rice, wheat, or corn. Acrylamide and oil analyses were conducted for the flour and the corresponding fried batter. During frying, the formation of acrylamide ranged from 82 ng/g for the long-grain rice batter to 263 ng/g for the corn batter. Oil uptake ranged from 21.4% for the long-grain rice batter to 47.3% for the wheat batter. The incorporation of 5% pregelatinized rice flour and 1.5–3.0% milk as functional additives into the long-grain rice batter only slightly increased the acrylamide and oil contents.
STIMULATION OF PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE BY A HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACT IN VITRO.

Anterior pituitaries from mature female virgin rats were cultured in synthetic medium 199 at 35 C in an atmosphere of 95 % O2-5 % CO2. At the end of 18 days of culture, 167 % more growth hormone (STH) activity was recovered from the medium than was originally present in fresh anterior pituitary, as determined by the standard tibia assay in young hypophysectomized rats. In 2 separate trials, addition of an acid extract of rat hypothalamus to the medium during a 6-day culture period increased pituitary STH release 4- to 6-fold. These differences were highly significant statistically. An equivalent amount of extract of rat cerebral cortex had no effect on pituitary STH release. When an extract of rat hypothalamus was boiled for 15 min, ⅔ of the STH-releasing activity still remained in the extract, whereas boiling has been reported to destroy pituitary STH activity. Injections of hypothalamic extract directly into assay rats had no significant effect on cartilage width, also indicating that the extract per se...
Differential fertility of adopted schizophrenics and their half‐siblings

The paper presents data on the differential fertility of schizophrenics and controls, and the fertility of their siblings. This study used several methodological procedures in the study of schizophrenia reproduction, which strengthens the validity of the findings. Firstly, both male and female rates were examined. Secondly, the method of selection of a control avoided the biases introduced by using census data or other non-matched controls. Third, a diagnostic criterion was used which minimizes the possibility of the inclusion of other psychiatric illnesses. The results obtained support prior reports of the lowered reproductive rates of schizophrenics. Further, the siblings of schizophrenics were found not to have a reproductive advantage when contrasted to control siblings. The failure to find a reproductive advantage conflicts with a hypothesis of a balanced polymorphism as the mechanism maintaining an apparent constant rate of schizophrenia.
Separation and characterization of the subunits of the laminin of EHS sarcoma.

A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the preparative separation of laminin subunits. Laminin was extracted and purified from mouse EHS sarcoma. On SDS-PAGE, the reduced and carboxymethylated molecule separated into two components corresponding to molecular weights of about 400 KDa (subunit A) and 200 KDa (subunit B). These two subunits were preparatively separated using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. The larger subunit quantitatively adhered to the affinity column while the smaller one did not adhere. Amino acid analyses of the separated subunits showed distinct differences. Subunit B was further resolved into two distinct polypeptides of 200 KDa, B1 and B2, by means of reverse-phase HPLC. Although the amino acid compositions of B1 and B2 were very similar, the peptide maps generated by digestion of the B1 and B2 chains with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease or by cyanogen bromide showed B1 and B2 to differ from each other. Thus, at least three different polypeptide subunits are presen...
The ethnic niche as an economic pathway for the dark skinned: Labor market incorporation of Latina/o workers

A significant number of Latina/os are turning to employment in ethnic niches as an alternative to general labor markets. This study places special focus on how skin color segmentation or colorism influences job-market allocation. The hypothesis is that dark-skinned Latina/os are more likely to be employed in ethnically homogeneous jobsites or niches. The author tests the hypothesis using survey logistic regression on a sample of 322 Central American-(Guatemalan, Nicaraguan, and Salvadoran) and Mexican-origin workers utilizing data from the Los Angeles Study of Urban Inequality. The results show that dark-skinned Latina/o workers are more likely to be employed in ethnic niches as opposed to lighter-skinned individuals. It is concluded that skin color stratifies Latina/o workers into distinct markets that can have implications for their socioeconomic incorporation.
Descriptive validity and stability of diagnostic criteria for dysthymic disorder

The goal of this study is to examine different criteria for the diagnosis of dysthymic disorder (DD). Using a two-stage design, records of 37 subjects diagnosed with DSM-III-R DD were systematically reviewed. Seven of these patients met criteria except for having depression less than 50% of the time. The initial evaluation involved a comparison of the diagnostic assessments using symptom criteria of DSM-III-R and ICD-10, proposed DSM-IV criteria for DD, DSM-III-R major depressive disorder (MD) criteria, and the Columbia criteria for atypical depression (AD). A subsample of 16 subjects who were assessed at least twice several months apart was then extracted. Agreement between the assessments with the proposed DSM-IV symptom list was determined. In the initial assessment, all 37 subjects (100%) met DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria, proposed DSM-IV criteria for DD, and DSM-III-R MD criteria, with percentages of mean positive items on the four criteria being 77%, 84%, 89%, and 77%, respectively. In addition, nine subjects (24.3%) also met diagnostic criteria for AD. All 16 subjects (100%) of the subsample again met proposed DSM-IV criteria for DD when assessed 75 to 145 days after their initial assessment. Items with the highest agreement between each two assessments were pessimism and low self-esteem, whereas social withdrawal and decreased activity had lower agreement. The proposed DSM-IV criteria for DD had good sensitivity and reliability in assessing core symptoms of DD. The use of different criteria for DD is discussed.
Semiconductor foundry, lithography, and partners

The semiconductor foundry took off in 1990 with an annual capacity of less than 0.1M 8-inch-equivalent wafers at the 2-mm node. In 2000, the annual capacity rose to more than 10M. Initially, the technology practiced at foundries was 1 to 2 generations behind that at integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). Presently, the progress in 0.13-mm manufacturing goes hand-in-hand with any of the IDMs. There is a two-order of magnitude rise in output and the progress of technology development outpaces IDMs. What are the reasons of the success? Is it possible to sustain the pace? This paper shows the quick rise of foundries in capacity, sales, and market share. It discusses the their uniqueness which gives rise to advantages in conjunction with challenges. It also shows the role foundries take with their customer partners and supplier partners, their mutual dependencies, as well as expectations. What role then does lithography play in the foundries? What are the lithographic challenges to sustain the pace of technology? The experience of technology development and transfer, at one of the major foundries, is used to illustrate the difficulties and progresses made. Looking into the future, as semiconductor manufacturing will become even more expensive and capital investment more prohibitive, we will make an attempt to suggest possible solutions.
Effect of changing patient position from supine to prone on the accuracy of a Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW) stereotactic head frame system

Despite the growing popularity of frameless image-guided surgery systems, stereotactic head frame systems are widely accepted by neurosurgeons and are still commonly used to perform stereotactic biopsy, functional procedures, and stereotactic radiosurgery. In this study, we investigate the accuracy of the Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW) stereotactic frame system when the mechanical load on the frame changes between pre-operative imaging and the intervention due to different patient position - supine during imaging, prone during intervention. We analyze CT images acquired from 12 patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy or stereotactic radiosurgery. Two CT images were acquired for each patient, one with the patient in the supine position and one in the prone position. The prone images were registered to the respective supine images using an intensity-based registration algorithm, once using only the frame and once using only the head. The difference between the transformations produced by these two registrations describes the movement of the patient's head with respect to the frame due to mechanical distortion of the latter. The maximum frame-based registration error between supine and prone positions was 2.8 mm, greater than 2 mm in two patients, and greater than 1.5 mm in five patients. Anterior-posterior translation is the dominant component of the difference transformation for most of these patients. In general, the magnitude of the movement increased with brain volume, which is an index of head weight. We conclude that in order to minimize frame-based registration error due to a change in the mechanical load on the frame, frame-based stereotactic procedures should be performed with the patient in the identical position during imaging and intervention.
Modelling failure-time associations in data with multiple levels of clustering

SUMMARY In recent years substantial research has been devoted to developing failure-time methodology which accounts for possible dependency between observations. An example is the univariate frailty model (Vaupel, Manton & Stallard, 1979), which incorporates an exchangeable dependence structure by the inclusion of cluster-specific random effects. In some studies it may be reasonable to expect more than one level of within-cluster association: for instance, association between a parent and child versus that between two siblings in studies of familial disease aggregation, or association between two village residents who live in different households versus that between residents of the same household in intervention studies. We propose a family of distributional models for failure-time data that accounts for multiple levels of clustering and reduces in the case of a single clustering level to a univariate frailty model. The resulting survival functions are constructed by a recursive nesting of univariate frailty-type distributions through which archimedean copula forms are determined for all bivariate margins. Properties of the proposed model are developed, illustrated and briefly contrasted with multivariate frailty model properties. In conclusion, we outline the application of our model to marginal risk regression problems.
"We and us, not I and me": Justice, social capital, and household vulnerability in a Nova Scotia fishery

Marine harvesters face significant livelihood challenges due to the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems, and due to economic fluctuations that influence their incomes. In this study, we demonstrate vulnerability as a product of the interactions among marine harvesters, government and buyers. We combined Elinor Ostrom's attention to the influence of institutions on resource exploitation, with political ecology's attention to perceptions of agency, and the contribution of justice and equity to measuring the success of institutions. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach by examining the multi-species fishery of Barrington, Nova Scotia. We conducted 31 semi-structured interviews and 113 surveys in the summer of 2012 with buyers, harvesters, and local experts. We used Ostrom's SES framework to pinpoint system elements that were salient to respondents, with attention to household vulnerability outcomes. Based on an analysis of these themes, we outline three processes affecting vulnerability outcomes: 1) Harvesters preferred individual over collective action due to low procedural justice and social cohesion in decision-making, 2) agents with greater political and economic power gained control over fishing access-rights while others became more dependent on lobster, and 3) economic and ecological conditions, combined with increased dependence, incentivized harvesters to catch more lobsters as prices declined. The case suggests that actors sense of control over their resource base and perception of justice in the process of institutional design may be as significant in vulnerability as the exogenous drivers of change that affect livelihood outcomes. We suggest interventions that may improve these interactions among government, harvesters and buyers, and improve the livelihoods in coastal communities.
Normalizing Freakery: Katherine Dunn's Geek Love and the Female Grotesque

Abstract On the surface, Katherine Dunn's novel Geek Love explores how a family of freaks who are the grotesque attractions in their own carnival accept themselves and use their status as freaks to leverage themselves to a position of power within the dominant normative society that marginalizes them. Carnival seems to function as Bakhtin says it does. Yet under closer examination, the carnival setting does not break down hierarchies and liberate the society “from the prevailing view of the world, from convention and established truths” (Bakhtin 34). Mary Russo has noted that Bakhtin's concept has limits: “an examination of the materials on carnival can also recall limitations, defeats, and indifferences generated by carnival's complicitous place in dominant culture.
Gαq and Phospholipase C-β: Turn On, Turn Off, and Do It Fast

Heterotrimeric G proteins and G protein–coupled receptors represent conserved protein families with origins in the prokaryotes, but the various G protein–regulated effectors are heterogeneous in structure and function. The effectors apparently evolved ways to listen to G proteins late in their evolutionary histories. The structure of a complex between the effector protein phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3) and its activator, Gα q , suggests that several effectors independently evolved a structurally similar helix-turn-helix segment for G protein recognition. PLC-βs are also guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)–activating proteins (GAPs) for the G q that activates them. In a second example of convergent evolution, the GAP activity of these proteins depends on a flexible asparagine-containing loop that resembles the GAP site on RGS proteins, another family of G protein GAPs. Together, these two sites are proposed to cooperate to enable fast binding to activated Gα q , followed by fast deactivation. This cycle allows rapid sampling of the activation state of G q -coupled receptors while providing efficient signal transduction.
Narrative Sexual Identity Therapy

Sexual identity therapy is an alternative to the two polarized positions of sexual reorientation therapy and gay-integrative therapy for clients who present with sexual identity concerns. This alternative model focuses on sexual identity—the private and public acts of identifying and communicating one's sexual preferences—and how the decision to do so is informed by dominant stories about what sexual attractions mean to a client. As one expression of sexual identity therapy, this paper presents narrative sexual identity therapy, an approach that utilizes a narrative therapeutic approach and techniques to facilitate exploration of dominant narratives and counter-narratives that speak to sexual identity with the goal of achieving a synthesis that reflects felt congruence of clients' beliefs/values and behavior/identity.
Intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and prevalence of open-angle glaucoma: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Purpose To examine the relationship between the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and intraocular pressure (IOP) and the impact of central corneal thickness (CCT) on this relationship. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Methods The study cohort consisted of 5,970 participants from the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES) with no history of glaucoma treatment and with complete ophthalmic examination data. The relationship between the prevalence of OAG and IOP was contrasted across persons with CCT designated as thin, normal, or thick. Results Prevalence of OAG was exponentially related to IOP. When stratified by CCT, persons with thin CCT had a significantly higher prevalence of OAG than did those with normal or thick CCTs at all levels of IOP. Adjusting each IOP individually for CCT did not impact significantly the relationship between the prevalence of OAG and IOP. Conclusions These findings suggest that adjusting for the impact of CCT on IOP by correction algorithms is not necessary in a population based assessment of glaucoma prevalence; CCT, however, is an important independent risk factor for the prevalence of OAG.
Amorphous silicon TFT active-matrix OLED pixel

We report the fabrication of a video-brightness, active-matrix organic LED (AMOLED), two-transistor-pixel based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT technology, with a maximum process temperature of 350 C. The process should be compatible with existing a-Si TFT manufacturing technology for AMLCDs.
Layout Variation Effects in Advanced MOSFETs: STI-Induced Embedded SiGe Strain Relaxation and Dual-Stress-Liner Boundary Proximity Effect

This paper reports two areas of focus for layout variation effects in advanced strained-Si technology: 1) shallow-trench isolation (STI)-induced embedded SiGe (eSiGe) strain relaxation and 2) impact of dual-stress-liner (DSL) boundary on channel mobility. A complete data analysis, including two different strain measurement techniques of nanobeam diffraction and geometric phase analysis, is presented, along with a quantitative understanding for each effect. It is reported that the eSiGe profile can have a significant impact on the STI proximity effect for p-MOSFETs and that DSL boundary proximity can cause significant channel mobility degradation for both n- and p-MOSFETs. Both effects result in the reduction in channel strain along the [110] direction.
Pollination services from field-scale agricultural diversification may be context-dependent

Diversification of field edges is widely used as a strategy to augment pollinator populations and, in turn, supplement crop pollination needs. Hedgerow plantings, a commonly applied field-scale diversification technique, have been shown to increase wild bee richness within edges and into crop fields; however, their effects on pollination services in mass-flowering, pollinator-dependent crops typical of large-scale commercial monocultures are less well-known. We evaluated the indirect contribution of hedgerows to sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed set vis-a-vis wild bee abundance and the interaction between wild bees and managed honey bee pollinators. Although wild bee species richness and the interaction between wild and managed pollinators were significantly associated with augmented seed set, these factors were unrelated to whether a hedgerow was present. The pollinator species foraging within crop fields differed significantly from those found within adjacent hedgerows and bare or weedy field edges, with hedgerows supporting higher species richness than crop fields or unenhanced edges. However, in an independent data set, greater numbers of sunflower-pollinating bees were found in hedgerows than in control edges. Hedgerows may therefore help these crop-pollinating species persist in the landscape. Our findings suggest that hedgerows may not always simultaneously achieve crop pollination and wild bee conservation goals; instead, the benefits of hedgerows may be crop- and region-specific. We recommend evaluation of hedgerow benefits in a variety of crop and landscape contexts to improve their ability to meet ecosystem-service provisioning needs.
Optical Structure and Colors of Faint Compact Narrow Emission Line Galaxies

We present the results of Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera imaging in V606 and I814 of five compact narrow emission line galaxies (CNELGs) and four slightly more extended faint blue galaxies (FBGs) with 20.3 ≤ B ≤ 22.4 and redshifts z ~ 0.22-0.66. Half-light radii are measured to span from 014 to 067, thus yielding small sizes of Re ~ 1-5 kpc (H0=50 km s-1 Mpc-1, q0=0.1). The new scale lengths, in combination with previous Keck measurements of velocity widths, continue to confirm that CNELGs, though quite luminous (MB~-21), have masses comparable to dwarf galaxies (i.e., M/M☉ 1010). Their low mass-to-light ratios are consistent with values corresponding to very early phases of a major burst of star formation. The spatial contour maps and surface brightness profiles of CNELGs reveal the presence of high surface brightness knots surrounded by a diffuse exponential-like component and sometimes accompanied by fans and tails. Since the knots tend to also have bluer colors, they are identified as the location of the current starburst. The diffuse component is interpreted to be an older underlying population. With the current burst estimated from the rest-frame (B - V) colors and mass-to-light ratios to involve typically ~10% of the galaxy mass, CNELGs are predicted to fade by 4 mag to reach the low luminosities and surface brightnesses of bright spheroidal galaxies, such as NGC 205. These new results provide further support for our previous suggestion that these distant, low-mass, starburst galaxies may be the progenitors of today's bright spheroidals. In contrast, although the four FBGs have similar colors and mass-to-light ratios to CNELGs, they will most likely not evolve into spheroidals but will resemble small, star-forming disk galaxies.
Hydrodynamic interaction of two unequal-sized spheres in a slightly rarefied gas: resistance and mobility functions

The problem of the hydrodynamic interaction of two unequal-sized spheres in a slightly rarefied gas is treated following the singular perturbation scheme of Sone & Onishi (1978), valid at small, but finite, particle Knudsen numbers. In this method the solution to the linearized BGKW transport equation governing the gas molecular motion consists of two parts: one describing a Knudsen layer where the actual microscopic boundary conditions are applied and the other describing a Hilbert region where the Stokes equations of continuum hydrodynamics hold. The Knudsen-layer solution establishes the ‘slip’ boundary conditions for the Stokes equations. Here we clearly distinguish between particle ‘slip’ due to the type of boundary conditions and particle ‘slip’ due to lengthscale effects as measured by the Knudsen number. The present analysis has been carried out to first order in particle Knudsen number for the case of diffuse reflective molecular boundary conditions. General relationships between the first- and zero-order velocity fields, both of which are written in the form of Lamb's (1932) solution to the Stokes equation, are established. It is illustrated how these general relationships can be used to determine the force and torque acting on a single sphere translating and rotating in a slightly rarefied gas. Finally, we have treated the two-sphere problem in a slightly rarefied gas using the twin multipole expansion method of Jeffrey & Onishi (1984). Here again, general relationships are established between the solutions of the first-order fluid velocity field and the zero-order velocity field, the latter being shown to recover Jeffrey & Onishi's results for stick boundary conditions. These general relationships are subsequently used to determine the complete resistance and mobility matrices of the two-sphere system. The symmetric properties of the resistance and mobility matrices are demonstrated for slip boundary conditions, in agreement with the general proof of Landau & Lifshitz (1980) and Bedeaux, Albano & Mazur (1977).