cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strong-motion earthquake accelerograms at Brawley, California: January 25, 1975

During the Brawley earthquake swarm of January, February, 1975, a single strong-motion accelerograph installed after the swarm began recorded 27 positively identified earthquakes in 14 hr, at hypocentral distances of approximately 5 km. Eight of these had magnitudes (M/sub L/) greater than or equal to 3.5, and several had M/sub L/ less than 2.5; the instrument independently triggered 18 times. Peak accelerations in excess of 10 percent g were obtained for five of the eight earthquakes with M/sub L/ greater than or equal to 3.5, and a peak acceleration of 25 percent g was recorded for the largest event, M/sub L/ = 4.3.
TQM in hospitals and the role of information systems in providing quality services

There is an increasing interest in hospitals in the US to apply total quality management (TQM) principles to improve service quality. This is due to the fact that in recent years healthcare has been criticized for its low quality service at high costs which are continuously increasing. Another motivation for utilizing TQM in healthcare is the success that TQM has had in other service industries. Based on interviews with TQM and information systems officials in some US hospitals, this study identifies and discusses some critical issues in providing high quality service in hospitals and explores the crucial role that both TQM and hospital information systems can play in this endeavor.
Wrist Circumduction Reduced by Finger Constraints

Purpose Assessment of wrist motion is important in diagnosing and treating motion impairment after injuries to the wrist. Little is known of how finger posture influences the movement of the wrist. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of finger constraints on the maximum circumduction movement of the wrist. Methods Fifteen male right-handed subjects performed maximal circumferential wrist movements under 4 finger conditions: unconstrained fingers, holding a large cylinder (50 mm diameter), holding a small cylinder (25 mm diameter), and closed fist position. The wrist motion was captured by a surface marker-based motion analysis system. To quantify wrist motion capability, we constructed the maximal boundaries of wrist motion (circumduction envelope) from angular plots in flexion–extension (FE) and radial–ulnar deviation (RUD). The ranges of motion in FE and RUD and the envelope area were calculated. Results Finger constraints significantly reduced motion ranges in flexion and ulnar deviation, but not in extension and radial deviation. In comparison to the unconstrained finger condition, the motion ranges in flexion decreased by 13%, 16%, and 27% for the large cylinder, small cylinder, and fist conditions, respectively. The range of ulnar deviation was reduced by 10% for the large and small cylinder conditions and by 11% for the fist condition. The overall mobility in FE and RUD, as quantified by the area of circumduction envelope, decreased by 15%, 15%, and 23% for the large cylinder, small cylinder, and fist conditions, respectively. Conclusions Wrist mobility is facilitated by the synergistic motion of finger joints. Constraining fingers in static flexion posture reduces wrist flexion and ulnar deviation without decreasing extension and radial deviation. A clinical implication is that wrist motion should be assessed under standardized finger joint configuration.
Controlled Expression and Functional Analysis of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthetic Components within Azotobacter vinelandii

A system for the controlled expression of genes in Azotobacter vinelandii by using genomic fusions to the sucrose catabolic regulon was developed. This system was used for the functional analysis of the A. vinelandii isc genes, whose products are involved in the maturation of [Fe-S] proteins. For this analysis, the scrX gene, contained within the sucrose catabolic regulon, was replaced by the contiguous A. vinelandii iscS, iscU, iscA, hscB, hscA, fdx, and iscX genes, resulting in duplicate genomic copies of these genes: one whose expression is directed by the normal isc regulatory elements (Pisc) and the other whose expression is directed by the scrX promoter (PscrX). Functional analysis of [Fe-S] protein maturation components was achieved by placing a mutation within a particular Pisc-controlled gene with subsequent repression of the corresponding PscrX-controlled component by growth on glucose as the carbon source. This experimental strategy was used to show that IscS, IscU, HscBA, and Fdx are essential in A. vinelandii and that their depletion results in a deficiency in the maturation of aconitase, an enzyme that requires a [4Fe-4S] cluster for its catalytic activity. Depletion of IscA results in a null growth phenotype only when cells are cultured under conditions of elevated oxygen, marking the first null phenotype associated with the loss of a bacterial IscA-type protein. Furthermore, the null growth phenotype of cells depleted of HscBA could be partially reversed by culturing cells under conditions of low oxygen. Conserved amino acid residues within IscS, IscU, and IscA that are essential for their respective functions and/or whose replacement results in a partial or complete dominant-negative growth phenotype were also identified using this system.
Pleistocene shallowing-upward sequences in New Providence, Bahamas; signature of high-frequency sea-level fluctuations in shallow carbonate platforms

ABSTRACT Examination of several closely spaced cores from western New Providence, Bahamas, shows a classic shoaling-upward progression of facies. Refined age constraints from magnetostratigraphy indicate that since the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.78 Ma), only three sea-level highstands have flooded this part of the platform. The reefal-skeletal-oolitic-peloidal facies sequence, probably representing deposition during fourth-order highstands, show lateral facies changes and perhaps regional climatic influences. This skeletal-to-nonskeletal transition is common in other Bahamian platform records, and appears to be youngest near the edges of the platform. Estimates of sea level during the reversed-polarity Matuyama, without subsidence corrections, show that it reached within about 10 m below pre ent sea level. During the Brunhes chron, at least one highstand came to within 6-7 m of present mean sea level. The uppermost part of a core, containing beach facies, is now about 6 m above sea level and is thought to represent the 0.13 Ma sea-level event.
Global governmentality: Biosecurity in the era of infectious diseases

This paper uses Foucault’s concept of governmentality to examine relationships between globalisation, the threat of infectious diseases and biosecurity. It draws attention to forms of calculated practices which Foucault notes as technologies of power that aim to foster positive demographic and economic trends in societies through the apparatus of security. These practices are employed at the global level with similar ambitions; hence, we adopt the term global governmentality. We discuss the applications of global governmentality by actors in the global core through the apparatus of security and (neo)liberal economic practices. We then provide examples of resistance/contestation from actors mainly in the global periphery through discussions of viral sovereignty; access to essential medicines, including HIV drugs; and health for all as a human right. We conclude that despite the core-periphery power asymmetry and competing paradigms, these developments tend to complement and/or regulate the phenomenon terme...
Rotavirus vaccines: viral shedding and risk of transmission

Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis in almost all children by 5 years of age. Immunity to rotavirus is incomplete, with potential for recurrent infections occurring throughout life. Live rotavirus vaccines have been developed for the protection of children from severe wildtype rotavirus infections. Transmission of vaccine virus strains from vaccinated children to unvaccinated contacts harbours the potential for herd immunity, but also the risk of vaccine-derived disease in immunocompromised contacts. A review of rotavirus vaccine prelicensure studies shows that viral shedding and transmission were higher with the old tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine than with the current human attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine and the pentavalent bovine-human reassortant vaccine. Immunocompromised contacts should be advised to avoid contact with stool from the immunised child if possible, particularly after the first vaccine dose for at least 14 days. Since the risk of vaccine transmission and subsequent vaccine-derived disease with the current vaccines is much less than the risk of wildtype rotavirus disease in immunocompromised contacts, vaccination should be encouraged.
Size distributions for large and small earthquakes

Small and large earthquakes obey different scaling laws and inhabit distinct populations, both characterized by power laws with different exponents. When considering earthquakes on a single fault or fault segment, the one large earthquake that occurs during a seismic cycle is discontinuous with the population of small earthquakes. Here it is shown that these two observations, together with the scaling laws, are self-consistent when proper account is taken of the size distribution of faults.
The Use of SSM/I Data in Operational Marine Analysis*

Abstract The application of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) multiparameter satellite retrievals in operational weather analysis and forecasting is addressed. More accurate multiparameter satellite retrievals are now available from an SSM/I neural network algorithm. It also provides greater areal coverage than some of the initial algorithms. These retrievals (ocean surface wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar liquid water), when observed together, provide a meteorologically consistent description of synoptic weather patterns over the oceans. Three SSM/I sensors are currently in orbit, which provide sufficient amounts of data to be used in a real-time operational environment. Several examples are presented to illustrate that important synoptic meteorological features such as fronts, storms, and convective areas can be identified and observed in the SSM/I fields retrieved by the new algorithm. The most recent version of the neural network algorithm retrieves simultaneously four geophysical ...
Overexpressed androgen receptor linked to p21WAF1 silencing may be responsible for androgen independence and resistance to apoptosis of a prostate cancer cell line.

An androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cell line, derived recently from an LNCaP cell line maintained in androgen-poor conditions, has properties resembling a subgroup of advanced prostate cancers in that it has an overexpressed androgen receptor (AR), undetectable levels of p21 WAF1 and prostate-specific antigen, and is resistant to apoptosis. The loss of prostate-specific antigen expression but not the p21 WAF1 is attributable to gene silencing by hypermethylation. The high AR and undetectable p21 WAF1 of AI cells, and lower AR but highly expressed p21 WAF1 of androgen-dependent parental LNCaP cells, suggest a possibility of a functional link between these two proteins. Therefore, we examined the impact the modulation of AR will have on the expression of p21 WAF1 . Treatment of androgen-dependent cells with an androgen agonist, R1881, increased the AR protein level, whereas it simultaneously reduced the endogenous p21 WAF1 -protein 8-fold and the activity of a transiently transfected p21-promoter-reporter 10-fold. The down-regulation of p21 WAF1 promoter appeared to be ARE mediated, dependent on AR, and not cell-type specific. Furthermore, a reduction of the AR level in AI cells by AR-antisense oligonucleotide increased the p21 WAF1 promoter-reporter activity by ∼4-fold, confirming a functional link between these two proteins. A strong, direct induction of p21 WAF1 expression achieved by treatment of AI cells with trichostatin A produced a partial reversion of the AI phenotype evidenced by increased sensitivity of these cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Moreover, a reduction of AR level by antisense treatment, which also increased p21 WAF1 expression, partially restored the androgen dependence of AI cells for growth. The functional link between AR dosage and p21 WAF1 expression suggests that therapeutic reduction of AR protein in advanced prostate cancers with elevated AR levels may re-establish their hormone dependence and improve therapeutic response to repeated hormonal ablation and/or induction of apoptosis.
Frequent coexistence of anti-topoisomerase I and anti-U1RNP autoantibodies in African American patients associated with mild skin involvement: a retrospective clinical study

Introduction: The presence of anti-topoisomerase I (topo I) antibodies is a classic scleroderma (SSc) marker presumably associated with a unique clinical subset. Here the clinical association of anti-topo I was reevaluated in unselected patients seen in a rheumatology clinic setting. Methods: Sera from the initial visit in a cohort of unselected rheumatology clinic patients (n = 1,966, including 434 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 119 SSc, 85 polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)) were screened by radioimmunoprecipitation. Anti-topo I-positive sera were also tested with immunofluorescence and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results: Twenty-five (15 Caucasian, eight African American, two Latin) anti-topo I positive patients were identified, and all except one met the ACR SSc criteria. Coexistence of other SSc autoantibodies was not observed, except for anti-U1RNP in six cases. When anti-topo I alone versus anti-topo I + U1RNP groups were compared, African American (21% vs. 67%), overlap with SLE (0 vs. 50%; P = 0.009) or PM/DM (0 vs. 33%; P = 0.05) or elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (P = 0.07) were more common in the latter group. In comparison of anti-topo Ipositive Caucasians versus African Americans, the latter more frequently had anti-U1RNP (13% vs. 50%), mild/no skin changes (14% vs. 63%; P = 0.03) and overlap with SLE (0 vs. 38%; P = 0.03) and PM/DM (0 vs. 25%; P = 0.05). Conclusions: Anti-topo I detected by immunoprecipitation in unselected rheumatology patients is highly specific for SSc. Anti-topo I coexisting with anti-U1RNP in African American patients is associated with a subset of SLE overlapping with SSc and PM/DM but without apparent sclerodermatous changes.
Task Switching After Stroke

Background and Purpose Task switching is a cognitive skill that may be compromised after brain damage. The purposes of this study were to examine task-switching abilities in the subacute phase after stroke, to determine whether a switching task under endogenous or internal control is more difficult than a switching task under exogenous or cued control, and to determine whether deficits in switching attenuate in the first few months after stroke. Subjects The participants in this study were 46 adults with stroke and 38 adults without stroke. Methods Subjects performed 2 computer-based switching tasks, an alternating task that relied on endogenous control and a cued task that relied on exogenous control. Testing was done in subjects’ homes at 1 and 3 months after stroke and at a 2-month interval for control subjects. Switch costs, or the difference between the no-switch condition and the switch condition, were calculated for accuracy and response time. Results Subjects in the stroke group had higher switch costs for accuracy than did subjects in the control group. The alternating task was more difficult than the cued task, with higher switch costs for accuracy and response time. The alternating task was particularly difficult for subjects in the stroke group, with high switch costs for accuracy. Both groups showed decreased response time switch costs at the second testing session. Discussion and Conclusion Task switching, particularly if under endogenous control, is impaired in adults in the subacute phase after stroke. Clinicians should be aware of performance deficits that may relate to task switching.
Nowcasting rainfall fields estimated from specific differential phase

This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of short-term prediction (nowcasting) of rainfall fields estimated from specific differential phase fields derived from Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere X-band radar data. A Fourier-space, linear system-based nowcasting method used these rainfall fields as input to generate rainfall forecasts up to 20 min. The results show the extent to which specific differential phase-derived rainfall fields can be predicted and the utility of such predictions to be approximately 15 min.
Bioelectric Excitation, a Theory and Electrophysiological Data

A new theory of bioelectric excitation predicates that excitable cells employ physiological electrodes, i.e., electrodes defined by a change in electric charge carrier across an interphase. Hydrated ions are charge carriers on one side of these interphases. Anhydrous charged particles complexed to hydrophobic ligands of an enzyme molecule lie on the other side. Bioelectrochemistry is defined to pertain to organic biochemical reactions that employ these electrodes. Such a reaction can proceed faster and with less heat production than would be possible without electrodes. A number of inferences follow. One of these is that bioelectrochemical reactions must obey biochemical and electrochemical kinetics. Another is that a bioelectric spike must evince more than ion flux modulation; it must evince modulation of one or more bioelectrochemical reactions, and of coupled nonelectro-chemical reactions. Furthermore, these modulations produce concentration changes of metabolites which participate in the reactions, co...
Monitoring Water Filters for Asbestos Removal

Water filtration processes can reduce the asbestos fiber count in drinking water by 90 to 99.9 percent, or more. Effective fiber removal requires very close control of the treatment process. Monitoring of filtered water turbidity can indicate the efficacy of treatment, even though the asbestos fiber concentration is too low to register as turbidity. Turbidity monitoring works because when water is properly prepared for filtration, passage of asbestos fibers through the filter is indicated by the passage of floc, as shown by higher turbidity. Filtered water turbidity should be 0.10 ntu or below for best fiber removal. Continuous monitoring of each filter module at a treatment plant is recommended. These findings are based on studies at Duluth, Two Harbors, and Silver Bay on Lake Superior; Seattle’s Tolt reservoir, and on data obtained from the San Francisco Bay area.
1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxy­benzene

The meth­oxy group of the title compound, C7H5Cl3O, is rotated out of the plane of the aromatic ring system, with a dihedral angle of 84.11 (13)°, due to the two bulky ortho-chloro substituents.
The Ramifications for Clinical Practice of a Focus on Family Resilience

The study of family resilience has exploded over the past 2 decades. Fueled by the mystery of why some people seem to thrive under challenging circumstances when others unravel, the study of resilience has sought to answer the question of what distinguishes individuals and families that rise above the fray of adversity. Findings in developmental psychopathology have provided insights into what contributes to resilience in children and the positive and negative effects of family on their development. Family stress theory and the study of family strengths have extended the exploration of resilience to the family level, searching for characteristics in the interactions among family members and with their outside environments that are consistent with successfully weathering crises and promoting growth. Gradually, a picture of resilience has emerged. Initially described in terms like “stress-resistant” and “invulnerable,” families displaying resilience are now depicted in more subtle terms. Instead of viewed as “super families,” they often are described as families who struggle and experience significant loss but who also are able to muster the resources to survive and to meaningfully integrate the challenges they face into the fabric of their lives.
Dietary protein and chromium tripicolinate in Suffolk wether lambs: effects on production characteristics, metabolic and hormonal responses, and immune status.

Thirty-two Suffolk wether lambs were fed for 84 d in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment using two levels of dietary protein (9.0 to 12.1% CP, low protein, LP; or 12.8 to 14.4% CP, high protein, HP) and supplemental Cr (none, C; or 400 ppb Cr as chromium tripicolinate, Cr). At 14- to 21-d intervals, lambs were weighed, and jugular blood samples were collected. Mean ADG and carcass weight (P >.10) did not differ. In lambs fed HP, Cr reduced liver weight and increased kidney weight ( P <.01). Lambs fed HP had elevated plasma urea N (PUN; P <.01) and albumin (P <.04). During an i.v. epinephrine challenge on d 43, plasma cortisol declined in lambs fed Cr (Cr x time, P <.03) and in lambs fed LP (CP x time, P < .001). An i.v. glucose tolerance test conducted 3 h later showed that supplemental Cr decreased glucose clearance rate in lambs fed HP (CP x Cr, P <.10) but not in lambs fed LP. On d 62, PUN was increased in lambs fed HP (P <.001) between 0 and 3 h postprandial, and there was a Cr x CP interaction (P <.04). Postprandial plasma NEFA declined with Cr vs C (Cr x time, P <.07) and with HP vs LP (CP x time, P <.10). By d 66, lambs fed Cr had an elevated (P < .03) blood platelet and fibrinogen content. Chromium increased erythrocyte count in lambs fed HP (Cr x CP, P <.08), and isolated peripheral lymphocytes had greater blastogenic response to 4 μg/mL of phytohemagglutinin (Cr x CP, P <.001). The lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen (.2 μg/mL) was reduced in lambs fed Cr (P <.10). In the present experiment, Cr supplementation had minimal and inconsistent effects on production and metabolic criteria of lambs.
Eliminating volatile-induced surface porosity during resin transfer molding of a benzoxazine/epoxy blend

Abstract We studied the mechanism of volatile-induced surface porosity formation during the resin transfer molding (RTM) of aerospace composites using a blended benzoxazine/epoxy resin, and identified reduction strategies based on material and processing parameters. First, the influence of viscosity and pressure on resin volatilization were determined. Then, in situ data was collected during molding using a lab-scale RTM system for different cure cycles and catalyst concentrations. Finally, the surface quality of molded samples was evaluated. The results show that surface porosity occurs when cure shrinkage causes a sufficient decrease in cavity pressure prior to resin vitrification. The combination of thermal gradients and rapid gelation can generate large spatial variations in viscosity, rendering the coldest regions of a mold susceptible to porosity formation. However, material and cure cycle modifications can alter the resin cure kinetics, making it possible to delay the pressure drop until higher viscosities are attained to minimize porosity formation.
When a Hyperinflating Monetary Authority Abandons the Currency

Monetary authorities during a hyperinflation occasionally extract seignorage and then abandon the currency. Modelling the central bank as an exhaustible resource extracting monopolist that equates average and marginal profit to extract remaining seignorage by the optimal stopping time explains this. Remaining seignorage resembles an annuity in which the long position pays a coupon equal to the instantaneous seignorage revenue extracted starting at the initial date, and a short position that pays the same coupon starting at the terminal date. The optimal stopping time decreases with higher seignorage maximizing rates and increases with higher remaining seignorage or real interest rates.
Postmodernism, positive psychology and post-traumatic growth within a Christian ideological surround

AbstractThe ideological surround model (ISM) of the relationship between religion and the social sciences uses innovations in standard research methods to demonstrate how the challenges of postmodern relativism can be addressed. In this project, ISM methodologies evaluated the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF), a measure relevant to positive psychology. The PTGI-SF correlated predictably with religious variables and with psychological well-being, and such relationships also appeared with a Christian version of the PTGI-SF created through ISM empirical translation scheme procedures. In ISM comparative rationality analyses, all PTGI items proved to be ‘rational’ relative to Christian commitments, and Christian rationality assessments of these items fully or partially mediated relationships of both the psychological and Christian expressions of post-traumatic growth with other constructs. These data demonstrated how ISM methodologies can document compatibilities between the rationalities o...
Explained Variation for Correlated Survival Data Under the Proportional Hazards Mixed-Effects Model

Measures of explained variation are useful in scientific research, as they quantify the amount of variation in an outcome variable of interest that is explained by one or more other variables. We develop such measures for correlated survival data, under the proportional hazards mixed-effects model (PHMM). Since different approaches have been studied in the literature outside the classical linear regression model, we investigate four sample-based measures that estimate three different population coefficients. We show that although the three population measures are not the same, they reflect similar amounts of variation explained by the predictors. Among the four sample-based measures, we show that the first one (R2) which is the simplest to compute, is also consistent for the first population measure (\(\Omega ^{2}\)) under the usual asymptotic scenario when the number of clusters tends to infinity; the other three sample-based measures, on the other hand, all require that in addition the cluster sizes be large. We study the properties of the measures through simulation studies. We illustrate their usage on a multi-center clinical trial data set.
Chitosan‐Gated Magnetic‐Responsive Nanocarrier for Dual‐Modal Optical Imaging, Switchable Drug Release, and Synergistic Therapy

A dual-layer shell hollow nanostructure as drug carrier that provides instant on/off function for drug release and contrast enhancement for multimodal imaging is reported. The on-demand drug release is triggered by irradiation of an external magnetic field. The nanocarrier also demonstrates a high drug loading capacity and synergistic magnetic-thermal and chemotherapy.
Belonging to Multiple Nationalities: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of individuals who identify with multiple nationalities. As the world becomes increasingly global and more individuals migrate, it is becoming commonplace for individuals to identify with more than one nationality. Psychologists and mental health professionals need to be aware of the impact of having multiple nationalities integrated into one’s identity in order to gain a deeper understanding and provide more effective treatment to these individuals. A phenomenological research design was utilized in this study. Ten participants identifying with more than one nationality (age range = 25 to 46, = 30.1) were interviewed. Several themes emerged within a context of intersectionality including: (a) process of constructing a multiple nationality identity; (b) intentionality about identifying with multiple nationalities; (c) reactions of others; (d) cultural intelligence—openness, appreciation, and acceptance of diversity; (e) similarities between cultures, language, religions, and spiritualties across nationalities; (f) feeling connected or disconnected through language; (g) where is home, and where do I belong?; (h) professional identities; and (i) importance of food. Participants provided recommendations for mental health professionals. Theoretical, research, and clinical implications are discussed.
Not) Holding Firms Criminally Responsible for the Reckless Insider Trading of Their Employees

Criminal enforcement of the insider trading prohibitions under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 is the root of corporate criminal liability for insider trading in the United States. In the wake of assertions that S.A.C. Capital Advisors, L.P. actively encouraged the unlawful use of material nonpublic information in the conduct of its business, the line between employer and employee criminal liability for insider trading becomes both tenuous and salient. An essential question emerges: when do we criminally prosecute the firm for the unlawful conduct of its employees? The possibility that reckless employee conduct may result in the employer's willful violation of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 (and, therefore, criminal liability for that employer firm) motivates this article. The article first reviews the basis for criminal enforcement of the insider trading prohibitions established in Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 and describes the basis and rationale for corporate criminal liability (a liability that derives from the activities of agents undertaken in the course of the firm’s business). Then, it reflects on that basis and rationale by identifying the potential for corporate criminal liability for the reckless insider trading violations of employees under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5, arguing against that liability, and suggesting ways to eliminate it.
Safety and Efficacy of Intensified Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Neuroendovascular Procedures.

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of intensified antiplatelet therapy guided by VerifyNow Assay P2Y 12 reaction unit (PRU) reported values in patients undergoing neuroendovascular procedures. Methods : An observational, retrospective review was conducted at [institution blinded] from December 1, 2012, to August 31, 2014. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of thromboembolic complications stratified by preprocedural PRU values. Secondary outcomes were assessed by investigating whether the goal PRU value of 190 or less is sufficient to reduce thromboembolic complications on the day of the procedure and 30 and 90 days post-procedure. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of complications in the two groups (two events in the group with preprocedural PRU values of 190 or more versus seven events in the group with preprocedural PRU values of less than 190, p =0.668). Furthermore, the rates of thromboembolic events by 90 days were not significantly different in the two groups (one event in the group with preprocedural PRU > 190 versus four events in patients with preprocedural PRU<190, p =1.000). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of hemorrhagic events in the two groups by 90 days postprocedure (one versus three events, p =0.558). Conclusions: The observed rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with preprocedural PRU values of less than 190 was not significantly different from the rate observed in patients with preprocedural PRU values of greater than 190. Although follow-up PRU values were not obtained prior to procedures, similar rates of thromboembolic complications in the two groups may suggest that reloading patients/administering intensified antiplatelet therapy might have prevented thromboembolic complications in patients with documented high PRU values.
A multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) for Mars 2020

The production of radioisotope power systems (RPS) has been an ongoing endeavor for the U.S. Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies for the past five decades. The overall mission of the RPS Program is to develop, demonstrate, and deliver compact, safe nuclear power systems and related technologies for use in remote, harsh environments (e.g., space) where more conventional electrical power sources do not work.
Distribution of difference between inverses of consecutive integers modulo .

Let p > 2 be a prime number. For each integer 0 < n < p, define n by the congruence nn ≡ 1 (mod p) with 0 < n < p. We are led to study the distribution behavior of n− n+ 1 in order to prove the asymptotic formula p−2 ∑ n=1 |n− n+ 1| = 1 3 p +O(p log p).
Fine-needle aspiration findings of a rare hematopoietic neoplasm presenting as obstructive jaundice

A 51-year-old female who presented with obstructive jaundice was found to have masses in the pancreatic head and tail as well as suspicious liver and periaortic masses on imaging. Aspiration cytology of the pancreatic tail mass showed abundant large single cells with vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm, marked nuclear pleomorphism, large bizarre irregular nuclei, binucleation, and prominent nucleoli. Numerous cells also showed intracytoplasmic black to brown pigmentation. A cell block was obtained and extensive immunohistochemical staining was performed. S-100, HMB-45, Sox10, pancytokeratin, CK7, RCC antigen, synaptophysin, HepPar 1, inhibin, CD45, CD21, and CD123 were negative, making melanoma, epithelial malignancies, lymphoma, follicular dendritic and plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms less likely. CD4 and CD56 showed partial positivity, and CD68, CD163, and CD14 were positive, supporting the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. Surgical specimens and immunohistochemistry confirmed the cytologic findings. Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of histiocytic origin with most cases presenting in adults in extranodal sites, most commonly the intestinal tract. Few cases are reported in the literature, presenting diagnostic challenges for cytopathologists when seen on fine-needle aspiration. We present the first reported case of histiocytic sarcoma presenting as a pancreatic mass, diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). This entity is rarely described on cytology and arose in a location in which EUS-FNA is the diagnostic modality of choice. This case study highlights that cytopathologists should be aware of histiocytic sarcoma occurring in extranodal locations accessible by EUS-FNA and be familiar with the cytomorphologic appearance.
An Organizational Perspective on the Origins of Instructional Segregation: School Composition and Use of Within-Class Ability Grouping in American Kindergartens

BackgroundThis investigation was sparked by research findings on secondary education showing school segregation to be closely associated with homogeneous grouping practices, such as tracking and be...
Creating Safe Spaces: Best Practices for Clinicians Working with Sexual and Gender Minority Military Service Members and Veterans

The disparities in mental and physical health diagnoses among service members and veterans who identify as sexual and gender minorities require changes to clinical care. Clinicians have a responsibility to increase safety in care settings for this stigmatized population of service members and veterans. The following chapter takes clinicians from the early stages of clinical encounters at reception desks and in waiting rooms through assessment and provision of services. Resources for providers and sexual and gender minority clients are offered. There is a focus on approaches that examine the life-span, diversity, and resilience inherent to this population.
The Crystalline Perfection of Melt-Grown GaAs Substrates and Ga(As, P) Epitaxial Deposits

The preparation of semiconductor materials by epitaxial deposition has rapidly gained prominence in recent years. GaAs(1−x)P x alloys of variable composition, deposited on GaAs substrates, have been prepared in an open-tube reactor using H2, AsC13, and PC13 with GaAs source material. The deposits ranged in composition from GaAs to GaAs0.5P0.5 and were 10–30 microns thick.
Talking with Children About Adult-Onset Hereditary Cancer Risk: A Developmental Approach for Parents

Families often express difficulty to their providers and request guidance regarding the task of communicating with children about potential adult-onset inherited cancer risks. This disclosure is often complicated by the parent’s ongoing adjustment to their mutation status, guilt at potential transmission of the mutation to the child, concern over inciting distress in children, and the varied capacities of children in the home to understand genetic information. Providers often do not have adequate resources to support or facilitate disclosure of genetic test results to children. Optimally, communication about inherited cancer risk is an open, ongoing process within the family. We recommend that parents tailor conversations to the child’s developmental, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities to support comprehension. Based on well-established theories of child development, empirical research on family communication of hereditary cancer risk, and clinical counseling experience, we offer recommendations for parental disclosure of genetic risk to children, case examples with critical discussion of relevant topics, common child questions with sample scripted responses, and additional printed and online resources.
Association of Increased Chronicity of Depression With HIV Appointment Attendance, Treatment Failure, and Mortality Among HIV-Infected Adults in the United States.

Importance Depression commonly affects adults with HIV and complicates the management of HIV. Depression among individuals with HIV tends to be chronic and cyclical, but the association of this chronicity with HIV outcomes (and the related potential for screening and intervention to shorten depressive episodes) has received little attention. Objective To examine the association between increased chronicity of depression and multiple HIV care continuum indicators (HIV appointment attendance, treatment failure, and mortality). Design, Setting, and Participants The study comprised an observational clinical cohort of 5927 patients with 2 or more assessments of depressive severity who were receiving HIV primary care at 6 geographically dispersed US academic medical centers from September 22, 2005, to August 6, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Missing a scheduled HIV primary care visit, detectable HIV RNA viral load (≥75 copies/mL), and all-cause mortality. Consecutive depressive severity measures were converted into a time-updated measure: percentage of days with depression (PDD), following established methods for determining depression-free days. Results During 10 767 person-years of follow-up, the 5927 participants (5000 men, 926 women, and 1 intersex individual; median age, 44 years [range, 35-50 years]) had a median PDD of 14% (interquartile range, 0%-48%). During follow-up, 10 361 of 55 040 scheduled visits (18.8%) were missed, 6191 of 28 455 viral loads (21.8%) were detectable, and the mortality rate was 1.5 deaths per 100 person-years. Percentage of days with depression showed a dose-response relationship with each outcome. Each 25% increase in PDD led to an 8% increase in the risk of missing a scheduled appointment (risk ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11), a 5% increase in the risk of a detectable viral load (risk ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09), and a 19% increase in the mortality hazard (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36). These estimates imply that, compared with patients who spent no follow-up time with depression (PDD, 0%), those who spent the entire follow-up time with depression (PDD, 100%) faced a 37% increased risk of missing appointments (risk ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.53), a 23% increased risk of a detectable viral load (risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43), and a doubled mortality rate (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.20-3.42). Conclusions and Relevance Greater chronicity of depression increased the likelihood of failure at multiple points along the HIV care continuum. Even modest increases in the proportion of time spent with depression led to clinically meaningful increases in negative outcomes. Clinic-level trials of protocols to promptly identify and appropriately treat depression among adults living with HIV should be conducted to understand the effect of such protocols on shortening the course and preventing the recurrence of depressive illness and improving clinical outcomes.
Towards a Self-contained Soft Robotic Fish: On-Board Pressure Generation and Embedded Electro-permanent Magnet Valves

This paper details the design, fabrication and experimental verification of a complete, tetherless, pressure-operated soft robotic platform. Miniature CO2 cartridges in conjunction with a custom pressure regulating system are used as an onboard pressure source and embeddable electro-permanent magnet (EPM) [9] valves [13] are used to address supporting hardware requirements. It is shown that this system can repeatedly generate and regulate supply pressure while driving a fluidic elastomer actuator (FEA) [7, 14, 13]. To demonstrate our approach in creating tetherless soft mobile robots, this paper focuses on an example case-study: a soft robotic fish. An underactuated propulsion system emulating natural caudal fin and peduncle movement is designed, fabricated, and subsequently experimentally characterized.
Experimental determination of the phase equilibria of aluminum-rich Al-Li-Cu alloys

The primary phases, reaction sequences, and temperatures during solidification of Al-rich Al−Li−Cu alloys were studied using optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and chemical analysis. Boron nitride (BN), which was found to be inert to these alloys, was used as the container material. A new liquidus projection is proposed. The temperature and composition of the ternary eutectic,L = α +TB +T1, were determined to be 522°C at Al-8.0 at. pct Li-17.9 at. pct Cu.
The Nature of Scientific Integration

We have heard frequent calls in recent years from academic administrators for more interdisciplinary research.1 Such calls are often accompanied by criticisms of the narrowness and isolation of established academic disciplines. Behind these calls seems to lie the uncritical assumption that being interdisciplinary is itself a virtue. This attitude is well described by Gusdorf (1977): “Interdisciplinarity is a very topical subject, as can be seen from the frequency with which the word appears in philosophical debate and academic discussion. Everyone invokes, interdisciplinarity; no one dares say a word against it. Its success is all the more remarkable in that even those who advocate this new image of knowledge would find it hard to define. The appeal to interdiscplinarity is seen as a kind of epistemological panacea, designed to cure all the ills the scientific consciousness of our age is heir to” (580).
Pastoral Counseling: The Art of Ascetic Witnessing

In Pastoral Counseling: The Basics (1999a) it is not the “what” or “how” of pastoral counseling that is most important. Fundamentally it is a question of identity: who—and whose—are you when you are a pastoral counselor? James Dittes answers the question of the “who” by his description of the role of the pastoral counselor as ascetic witness. This role requires the stringent discipline of self-renunciation and a surrendering of the ego. Not problem-solving, but attention to feelings, unconditional regard, and a gracious nonchalance are some of the marks of the counselor as ascetic witness.
Characteristics of Intraspinal Grafts and Locomotor Function after Spinal Cord Injury

It is well established that fetal neural tissue placed into acute lesions in both the newborn and adult rat spinal cord undergoes extensive differentiation and survives for extended periods (Bregman and Reier, 1986; Das, 1983a; Gelderd and Quarles, 1990; Himes et al., 1994; Jakeman and Reier, 1989; Nornes et al., 1983; Nothias and Pechanski, 1990; Nygren et al., 1977; Patel and Bernstein, 1983; Privat et al., 1986, Privat et al., 1989; Reier et al., 1986; Sieradzan and Vrbova, 1989). Projections from long-tract and segmental host systems, as well as neurons in the fetal graft, grow across the host-graft interface (Bernstein-Goral and Bregman, 1993; Bjorklund et al., 1986; Bregman, 1987; Foster et al., 1985; Itoh et al., 1993; Itoh and Tessler, 1989, Itoh et al., 1990; Jakeman and Reier, 1987a,Jakeman and Reier, 1987b, Jakeman and Reier, 1989, Jakeman and Reier, 1991; Nothias and Pechanski, 1990; Privat et al., 1986; Reier et al., 1986; Tessler et al., 1988). In adult animals, long-tract host systems that grow into the graft for short distances (Reier et al., 1986) in combination with axons from the graft that project into host motoneuron pools (Jakeman and Reier, 1991) may provide the anatomical basis for a functional relay between the host and graft. The active participation of the graft in relaying neuronal information is only one of several potential mechanisms by which fetal grafts may affect function. Grafts may also enhance function by supplying depleted transmitters (Bjorklund et al., 1986; Buchanan and Nornes, 1986; Foster et al., 1989; Privat et al., 1989), by providing trophic support (Arenas and Persson, 1994; Bregman, 1988; Bregman and Reier, 1986; Himes et al., 1994), by promoting sprouting (Schnell et al., 1994) or by myelinating demyelinated axons (Rosenbluth et al., 1990).
Other Craniocervical Tumors

Gingrass et al. (1967) reported a recurrent tumor of the left temporal area just above the zygomatic arch in a 24-year-old male which was diagnosed initially as metastatic adenocarcinoma, probably of adrenal or renal origin. The slides were reviewed and the lesion rediagnosed as a malignant nonchromaffin paraganglioma or alveolar soft-part sarcoma. The age of the patient, history of antecedent trauma and pain, and the invasion of blood vessels by the tumor favor the latter diagnosis.
The Use of the Doctrine of Equivalents to Fix Mistakes a Mistake

Through empirical research, this article examines whether the patent system of the United States should limit the doctrine of non-textual infringement to obvious after-arising equivalents. Using five decisions from multiple jurisdictions, including the United States, Japan and Great Britain, the article explains the various patent systems and limitations those patent systems face in deciding whether an infringement is an obvious equivalent. The article then discusses the interpretations of patent claims and the policy implications of those interpretations. The article presents the policy argument for patentees to cover the costs associated with patent prosecution because the alternative would be burdensome costs placed on the public. The article then identifies prosecution history estoppel and prior art rejections as limitations that are eliminated by limiting the doctrine of non-textual infringement to obvious after-arising equivalents. It concludes that limitation on the doctrine of equivalents is consistent with the Supreme Court’s established view that the time of infringement is used for measuring equivalency.