cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Etiology of Illness

Psychosocial factors contribute to the onset of illness and the recovery of health. Careful attention to the person’s life history (or “psychosomatic history”) discloses individual patterns of illness onset and recovery and times of exacerbations and clinical improvement. Stressful life events trigger illness, as do experiences of separation and loss. Traumatic experiences predispose the individual to develop more health problems and to display increased pain from health problems. Health risk behaviors raise the individual’s vulnerability for illness. Social supports buffer individuals against illness, as do positive coping, healthy lifestyles, and wellness-oriented behaviors.
Initial Public Offerings and the Failed Promise of Disintermediation

At the beginning of this millennium, the future of initial public offerings conducted using an Internet-based auction method in the United States seemed very bright. The Internet, and web-based technologies, promised disintermediation in the IPO markets just as it had in other markets where producers could be linked with consumers without costly intermediaries. In a world in which a buyer would choose to pay a certain price (X) for a product, the producer of that product would prefer to capture as close to 100% of X as possible and not share unnecessarily with intermediaries. The market for initial public offerings is no different from other markets; a small number of investment banks and the underwriters and brokers they employ act as intermediaries that distribute and market offerings for a substantial fee, including a customary discount on the offering price that benefits the intermediaries. However, web-based auction IPOs have the potential of allowing issuers to avoid these investment banks and sell directly to the public at closer to the market price (100% of X), not the bookbuilding underprice (approximately 80% of X), minus the substantial underwriting fee. However, the number of online auction IPOs each year is miniscule compared with the number of IPOs conducted in the U.S. using the traditional bookbuilding method. Although the market saw an increased number of auction IPOs in 2005, following Google's 2004 auction IPO, the market for online IPO auctions against stalled beginning in 2006. Proponents of these IPOs must explain why the auction IPO model has not challenged, much less replaced, bookbuilding as the dominant offering method in the U.S. This Article argues that although the Internet works well to eliminate intermediaries formerly necessary for distribution, the Internet cannot reliably eliminate intermediaries used by the public for creating demand networks and establishing third-party certification. Because of the power of investment banks and their demand networks, the base market price (X) of any product will be increased (X + Y). Therefore, an issuer must determine whether more profit is to be made by sharing revenues with Wall Street intermediaries and receiving 80% of (X + Y) than capturing 100% of merely X. In addition, to attempt to ignore these powerful Wall Street intermediaries comes with great risk. In certain cases, those who attempt to sidestep intermediaries may find themselves capturing not 100%(X) but 100% of a depressed market price (X-Z). Given this choice, rational issuers will choose the bookbuilding method, which promises .80(X + Y).
Abstract 491: Detection of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease by Calcium Score in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Clinical Implications

Background: Clinical implications of detecting subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. Methods: A total of 430 AF patients (age 63 ± 10 y, 65% male, 62% hypertensive, 16% diabetic, 42% dyslipidemic) without known CAD undergoing pre-procedural CT for catheter ablation were included. We evaluated the change in: 1) numbers of patients with CACS-diagnosed CAD who could potentially be on statin. 2) CHA2DS2-VASc score after incorporating CACS>100 (related to increased risk of stroke) into the original definition of vascular diseases who could potentially be on anticoagulants. Results: 1) Prevalence of subclinical CAD (CACS>0) was 74% (319/430) and 25% (106/430) had CACS>100. There were 62% (267/430) who were not on statin. Of these patients, 71% (190/267) had subclinical CAD while 21% (34/163) of statin users had CACS of 0. 2) The median original CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2. After incorporating CACS>100 into the original score, 24% (18/75) with the original score of 0 had the score changed to 1 (7/35 in persistent AF [PST-AF] and 11/40 in paroxysmal AF [PRX-AF]) (figure A) and 17% (22/131) with the original score of 1 had the score changed to ≥ 2 (10/83 in PST-AF and 12/48 in PRX-AF) (figure B). PRX-AF had more frequent increase in CHA2DS2-VASc score than PST-AF (p=0.035)(figure C). Conclusion: In AF patients without known history of CAD, detecting subclinical CAD by CACS potentially has important therapeutic implications for prevention forprogression of CAD and stroke. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Homogenization of the periodic magnetic Schrödinger operator with degenerate lower edge of the spectrum

Homogenization of the periodic magnetic Schrodinger operator with degenerate lower edge of the spectrum is considered. The standard problem of homogenization leads to a degenerate limiting operator. To obtain more precise information, one needs a certain modification of the problem considered. Bibliography: 10 titles.
Attempt to Produce Experimental Cardiospasm in Dogs.

SummaryA combined operation of bilateral vagotomy 4 cm above the diaphragm and girdling of the esophagus at the same level is described as a means of producing in dogs an experimental condition comparable to clinical cardiospasm. In the majority of cases the regurgitation of food can be shown to be accompanied by a failure of receptive relaxation of the cardiac orifice of the stomach. Since neither bilateral vagotomy in the thorax14 nor girdling the esophagus above the diaphragm is sufficient in itself to produce these results, it may be concluded that some but not all of the fibers responsible for receptive relaxation of the cardia of the dog course downward within the wall of the esophagus.
Supporting computational thinking through gamification

Video games have grown in popularity since the 1980's. The largest consumers of video games are youth populations. Previous research has shown cognitive development and learning principles in video games. As a result, there is an increasing interest in games being teaching tools. Gamification is the use of video game elements in non-game applications. In this paper, I proposed a design to a study of applying gamification to a computer programming software, VENVI, in order to promote motivation, engagement, and computational thinking.
Impact of external constant magnetic field on transfer characteristics of current transformer

By analyzing the position of CT(Current Transformer) relative to permanent magnet,the quantitative relationship between the external constant magnetic field and its impact on the transfer characteristics of CT is deduced and the conclusions are obtained:the impact of external constant magnetic field on the transfer characteristics of CT is similar to that of DC bias at the windings with constant linkage flux,the transfer error of CT increases along with the increase of external magnetic induction intensity,and there is a great deal of harmonics in its output signal,seriously affecting the measurements.
Relaxin receptors and a study of the physiological roles of relaxin.

This paper will be divided into two sections, the first dealing with our work on relaxin receptors and the second with the current evidence for relaxin being a physiologically important hormone in the non-pregnant animal.
Endonasal surgery for nasal wall tumors.

In select patients, both benign and malignant neoplasms may be successfully approached endoscopically. Care is necessary in the preoperative assessment, however, combined with equal care in the dissection and removal.
DURABLE AND RECHARGEABLE BIOCIDAL TEXTILES

ABSTRACT Textile materials, including natural and synthetic fibers, are good media for growth of microorganisms, particularly the drug-resistant bacteria, which have caused great concern to public health. Biocidal properties should be a necessary feature for medical-use textiles. Biocidal functions, different from biostatic functions, include sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization in an order of the strength. According to guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), medical use biocidal functions should be at least at the disinfection level, which can inactivate most infectious microorganisms. In addition, biocidal functions on textile materials should survive repeated laundering if used as uniforms, linens and even reusable surgical scraps and gowns. Among the currently investigated antimicrobial materials, only N-halamines have shown the capability of providing fast and total kill against a wide range of microorganisms without causing resistance from microorganisms. Furthermore, halamine structures can be recharged by chlorine bleaching, a process recommended by CD as well. Thus, biocidal textiles containing the halamine structures have been developed. Recent studies in biocidal polymers have resulted interesting progresses in incorporating halamines to all synthetic fabrics that are widely used as medical and other professional clothing materials. Chemistry and properties of the new processes have been discussed in this presentation.
Understanding How Charged Nanoparticles Electrostatically Assemble and Distribute in 1-D

The effects of increasing the driving forces for a 1-D assembly of nanoparticles onto a surface are investigated with experimental results and models. Modifications, which take into account not only the particle–particle interactions but also particle–surface interactions, to previously established extended random sequential adsorption simulations are tested and verified. Both data and model are compared against the heterogeneous random sequential adsorption simulations, and finally, a connection between the two models is suggested. The experiments and models show that increasing the particle–surface interaction leads to narrower particle distribution; this narrowing is attributed to the surface interactions compensating against the particle–particle interactions. The long-term advantage of this work is that the assembly of nanoparticles in solution is now understood as controlled not only by particle–particle interactions but also by particle–surface interactions. Both particle–particle and particle–surf...
Cardiac fibroblast participates as an immune modulator in IL-17A-driven post-injury cardiac inflammation and remodeling

Heart diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The post-injury cardiac inflammation and remodeling process determined the severity of cardiac damage and the likelihood of developing heart failure. We have adapted both experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model to investigate the mechanism behind cardiac inflammation and remodeling. We showed that Interleukin 17 (IL-17A) signaling is required for adverse cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in both EAM and MI models. IL-17A induces cardiac fibroblast (CF) to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF in turn drives the development of adverse cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Despite the heterogeneity of CF population, we successfully identified a specific subset of cardiac fibroblast to be the main recipient of IL-17A signal to produce GM-CSF, CCL2 and other cytokines/chemokines. The same CF subset was detected in heart failure patient biopsies from various etiologies including myocarditis, ischemia patients, etc. Further investigation also revealed that this subset is plastic in cytokine production. Lastly, both complete knockout of IL-17A receptor (R) and specific ablation of IL-17RA in this subset significantly reduced ventricular dilation and infarct scar size. Our findings provide an excellent opportunity to develop specific treatment for post-injury cardiac remodeling and fibrosis through specific targeting the IL-17A signaling to this CF subset or the downstream cytokine production by these cells.
Metallic nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of the body's immune system to attack tumor cells, has gained prominence over the past few decades as a viable cancer treatment strategy. Recently approved immunotherapeutics have conferred remission upon patients with previously bleak outcomes and have expanded the number of tools available to treat cancer. Nanoparticles -including polymeric, liposomal, and metallic formulations - naturally traffic to the spleen and lymph organs and the relevant immune cells therein, making them good candidates for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. Metallic nanoparticle formulations in particular are advantageous because of their potential for dense surface functionalization and their capability for optical or heat based therapeutic methods. Many research groups have investigated the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery platforms to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies. Despite the significant preclinical successes demonstrated by many of these platforms over the last twenty years, few metallic nanoparticles have successfully entered clinical trials with none achieving FDA approval for cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss preclinical research and clinical trials involving metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) for cancer immunotherapy applications and discuss the potential for clinical translation of MNPs.
Mental Health Providers' Attitudes About Criminal Justice-Involved Clients With Serious Mental Illness.

Objective:Community mental health providers’ attitudes toward criminal justice–involved clients with serious mental illness were examined.Methods:A total of 627 Maryland psychiatric rehabilitation ...
Uniform asymptotic splitting of linear differential equations

where q > l, x is real ranging over a neighborhood of x = O, a(x,O) > O, and b(O,O) > O. Here x = O is a turning point at which all three roots of the associated algebraic equation, k 3 = xa(x,O)k, come together. The case q = i has been studied by Langer ~i]. However for q > i this problem has an entirely different character. We will sho~¢ later, as a consequence of our general results, that if q>l it is possible to split (1.3) into a scalar problem and a second order problem using asymptotic formulas based on the more refined characteristic equation
Consciousness, states of consciousness, unconscious psychological processes, and psychological states

As psychology under the auspices of cognitive science once again welcomes consciousness to sit at its table, it becomes important to know what kind of guest we have invited back. Is he the same unmanageable critter he was in the 19th Century? Will he eat us out of scientific house and home while our behaviorist in-laws tell us, “I told you so”? And what about some of his old friends — mental contents, states of consciousness, and unconscious processes — will they break up the party and force a return to the Spartan fare of psychology’s preconscious era?
Efficacy of Imagery and Cognitive Tasks Used to Reduce Craving and Implications for the Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Craving

EFFICACY OF IMAGERY AND COGNITIVE TASKS USED TO REDUCE CRAVING AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ELABORATED INTRUSION THEORY OF CRAVING Amelia S. Versland A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2006 Committee: Harold Rosenberg, Advisor Leigh R. Chiarelott Graduate Faculty Representative Anne Gordon Steve Jex
Spatial Directionality Found in Frontal-Parietal Attentional Networks

Research in last few years on neurophysiology focused on several areas across the cortex during cognitive processing to determine the dominant direction of electrical activity. However, information about the frequency and direction of episodic synchronization related to higher cognitive functions remain unclear. Our aim was to determine whether neural oscillations carry perceptual information as spatial patterns across the cortex, which could be found in the scalp EEG of human subjects while being engaged in visual sensory stimulation. Magnitude squared coherence of neural activity during task states that “finger movement with Eyes Open (EO) or Eyes Wandering (EW)” among all electrode combinations has the smallest standard deviation and variations. Additionally, the highest coherence among the electrode pairs occurred between alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (12-16 Hz) ranges. Our results indicate that alpha rhythms seem to be regulated during activities when an individual is focused on a given task. Beta activity, which has also been implicated in cognitive processing to neural oscillations, is seen in our work as a manner to integrate external stimuli to higher cognitive activation. We have found spatial network organization which served to classify the EEG epochs in time with respect to the stimuli class. Our findings suggest that cortical neural signaling utilizes alpha-beta phase coupling during cognitive processing states, where beta activity has been implicated in shifting cognitive states. Significance. Our approach has found frontoparietal attentional mechanisms in shifting brain states which could provide new insights into understanding the global cerebral dynamics of intentional activity and reflect how the brain allocates resources during tasking and cognitive processing states.
Application of the dilution method to micro-analysis: Its application to the micro dumas method, eliminating the use of a micro-chemical balance and further studies

1.Pregl’s, Dubsky’s, or any other modified microDumas nitrogen apparatus and method can be made use of without a micro-chemical balance;
Surgical Management: Pyloroplasty

In patients with gastroparesis, whether diabetic, idiopathic, or postsurgical, pyloroplasty remains an excellent treatment modality. Pyloroplasty allows for effective treatment without precluding future treatment modalities such as gastric stimulator implantation and gastrectomy. The authors’ preference is to perform the procedure laparoscopically in a Heineke-Mikulicz fashion, using 2–0 absorbable suture. It is our practice to confirm an airtight closure at the end of the operation, using upper endoscopy to confirm. While suture line leak is the most worrisome complication of laparoscopic pyloroplasty, the incidence of this is low. The literature supports an overall low morbidity, in addition to subjective improvement in symptoms. Recent studies have demonstrated significant decreases in the T1/2 on postoperative gastric emptying scintigraphy. Laparoscopic pyloroplasty provides a safe and effective treatment modality for gastroparesis.
Towards Supervisory Protection Using Energy Functions for Relay Misoperations in a Stressed Power System During Blackout

Relay misoperations in power systems, especially during stressed conditions can initiate a cascade potentially leading towards a blackout. A typical event that aggravates a cascade is a trip decision by distance relays to faults in zone 3. We examine the use of energy functions as a discriminant in such scenarios to supervise the action of distance relays, in particular, to distinguish between load encroachment and zone 3 faults. The scenarios are tested on two individual test beds, the 39 bus New-England Test System (NETS) and a portion of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. NETS is used to analyze and assess the choice of energy functions for protection, whereas the WECC system is used for an actual blackout simulation in the South Western United States corridor. Analysis on these test systems depict on how energy functions can help in detecting and potentially avert costly relay misoperations.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Mouse Liver Cell-Specific Tropism and Transcriptional Dysregulation Following Intravenous Administration of AAVrh.10 Vectors

Capitalizing on liver tropism of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, intravenous vector administration is commonly used to genetically modify hepatocytes, a strategy currently in clinical trials for a number of liver-based hereditary disorders. Although hepatocytes are known to exhibit extensive phenotypic heterogeneity influenced by liver zonation and dietary cycle, there is little data available for the tropism capacity, as well as the potential transcriptional dysregulation, of AAV vectors for specific liver cell types. To assess these issues, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing of the mouse liver after intravenous administration of the liver tropic AAVrh.10 vector to characterize cell-specific AAV-mediated transgene expression and transcriptome dysregulation. Wild-type 8-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice under normal feed cycle were randomly divided into three groups and intravenously administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), AAVrh.10Null (no transgene), or AAVrh.10mCherry (marker gene). Overall, a total of 46,500 liver cells were sequenced. The single-cell transcriptomic profiles were grouped into three separate clusters of hepatocytes (Ttr-enriched "Hep1," Tat-enriched "Hep2," and Alb-enriched "Hep3") and multiple other cell types. The hepatocyte diversity was driven by glucose and lipid homeostasis signaling. Assessment of the transgene expression demonstrated that AAVrh.10 is primarily Hep1-tropic, with a 10-gene signature positively correlated with AAVrh.10-mediated transgene expression. The transgene expression was less in Hep2 and Hep3 cells with a high receptor tyrosine kinase phenotype. Importantly, AAVrh.10 vector interactions with the liver markedly altered the transcriptional patterns of all cell types, with modified genes enriched in pathways of complement and coagulation cascade, cytochrome P450, peroxisome, antigen processing and presentation, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. These observations provide insights into the liver cell-specific consequences of AAV-mediated liver gene transfer, far beyond the well-known organ-specific expression of the vector-delivered transgene.
Tubular Apocrine Adenoma

Two cases of tubular apocrine adenoma were studied by light, histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. This benign apocrine hamartoma must be considered in the classification of appendage tumors, particularly those associated with organoid epithelial nevus, and may be confused with metastatic adenocarcinoma. The tumor is characterized by dermal and subcutaneous lobular masses of tubular structures. Connection to the epidermis by one or more ductlike structures is observed. The tubules contain typical apocrine epithelial cells, some with hyaline or clear cell differentiation. The tumor cells have apocrine differentiation by histochemistry and ultrastructure. The localization to the scalp and the nodular, lobulated appearance and the apocrine structures indicate that this tumor is similar to nevus syringocystadenoma papilliferum and must be diffentiated from it.
Using student-created instructional videos in CS upper-level courses: a successful strategy in a functional programming course

In this paper we present findings on a pedagogical approach we designed to enhance students' understanding of Functional Programming, in which they were required to create two video-tutorials. The first video-tutorial assignment asked the students to develop explanations of Functional Programming concepts. The second video-tutorial required them to explain their solutions while completing coding exercises using Haskell. We present a detailed description of the activities, their evaluation, and their impact on students' learning, motivation, and performance. Our findings suggest that the use of a student-created video-tutorial approach can be effective for increasing students' understanding, performance, and engagement on Functional Programming assessments. This suggests that using student-created video tutorials may be a promising strategy to implement in other computing courses.
State Foreclosure Laws and Mortgage Origination in the Subprime

Foreclosure procedures in some states are considerably swifter and less costly for lenders than in others. In light of the foreclosure crisis, an empirical understanding of the effect of foreclosure procedures on the mortgage market is critical. This study finds that lender-favorable foreclosure procedures are associated with more lending activity in the subprime market. The study uses hand-coded state foreclosure law variables to construct a numerical index measuring the favorability of state foreclosure laws to lenders. Mortgage origination data from state-border areas shows that lender-friendly foreclosure is associated with an increase in subprime originations, but has less effect on the prime market.
Negative existentials as corrections: a partial solution to the problem of negative existentials in segmented discourse representation theory

Paradigmatic uses of negative existentials such as ‘Vulcan does not exist’ are problematic because they present the interpreter with a pragmatic paradox: a speaker who uses such a sentence seems to be asserting something that is incompatible with what she presupposes. An adequate solution must therefore explain why we interpret paradigmatic uses of negative existentials as saying something true, even though such uses present us with a pragmatic paradox. I provide such an explanation by analyzing paradigmatic uses of negative existentials as corrections of previous assertions that are judged to suffer from referential presupposition failure. I present the explanation within the framework of a simple version of segmented discourse representation theory.
Effect of Changing Electronic Health Record Opioid Analgesic Dispense Quantity Defaults on the Quantity Prescribed: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Interventions to improve judicious prescribing of opioid analgesics for acute pain are needed owing to the risks of diversion, misuse, and overdose. Objective To assess the effect of modifying opioid analgesic prescribing defaults in the electronic health record (EHR) on prescribing and health service use. Design, setting, and participants A cluster randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel arms was conducted between June 13, 2016, and June 13, 2018, in a large urban health care system comprising 32 primary care and 4 emergency department (ED) sites in the Bronx, New York. Data were analyzed using a difference-in-differences method from 6 months before implementation through 18 months after implementation. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to February 2020. Interventions A default dispense quantity for new opioid analgesic prescriptions of 10 tablets (intervention) vs no change (control) in the EHR. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcome was the quantity of opioid analgesics prescribed with the new default prescription. Secondary outcomes were opioid analgesic reorders and health service use within 30 days after the new prescription. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Results Overall, 21 331 patients received a new opioid analgesic prescription from 490 prescribers. Comparing the intervention and control arms, site, prescriber, and patient characteristics were similar. For the new prescription, compared with the control arm, patients in the intervention arm had significantly more prescriptions for 10 tablets or fewer (7.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 6.1-9.2 percentage points), a lower number of tablets prescribed (-2.1 tablets; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.9 tablets), and lower morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed (-14.6 MME; 95% CI, -22.6 to -6.6 MME). Within 30 days after the new prescription, significant differences remained in the number of tablets prescribed (-2.7 tablets; 95% CI, -4.8 to -0.6 tablets), but not MME (-15.8 MME; 95% CI, -33.8 to 2.2 MME). Within this 30-day period, there were no significant differences between the arms in health service use. Conclusions and relevance In this study, implementation of a uniform reduced default dispense quantity of 10 tablets for opioid analgesic prescriptions led to a modest reduction in the quantity prescribed initially, without significantly increasing health service use. However, during 30 days after implementation, the influence on prescribing was mixed. Reducing EHR default dispense quantities for opioid analgesics is a feasible strategy that can be widely disseminated and may modestly reduce prescribing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03003832.
Regular and in-plane skyrmions and antiskyrmions from boundary instabilities

We formulate a theory of skyrmion and antiskyrmion generation using magnetic field and charge current pulses. We show that the topological defect can be created at an edge of a system with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) as well as at a boundary between regions with different DMI. We consider both perpendicular and in-plane (also known as magnetic bimerons) versions of skyrmions and antiskyrmions. We show that the magnetization twist in the vicinity of an edge or a boundary is described by a kink solution, the presence of which can instigate the generation of topological defects. We study the collective excitations of magnetization analytically and numerically, and demonstrate that under application of magnetic field and charge current pulses the magnon modes localized near boundaries can develop instabilities leading to the formation of skyrmions or antiskyrmions. Due to the skyrmion and antiskyrmion Hall effects, a properly chosen current direction can push the topological defects away from the boundary, thus facilitating their generation.
Efficacy of Noninvasive Technologies in Triaging Traumatic Brain Injury and Correlating With Intracranial Pressure: A Prospective Study.

Abstract Background There is interest in methods of measuring noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP), including pupillometry, ultrasonographic transcranial Doppler (TCD), and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), for diagnosing traumatic brain injury (TBI) in limited resource environments. Whether these technologies have diagnostic agreement is unknown. We hypothesized that ONSD, pupillometry, and TCD could both distinguish severe TBI and correlate with ICP. Methods A prospective study of 135 patients was conducted at a level 1 trauma center. Four test groups were established: nontrauma patients with ICP monitoring, trauma patients without TBI, trauma patients with mild TBI, and trauma patients with severe TBI with ICP monitoring. All patients underwent daily measurements of ONSD, pupillometry, and TCD with both CX50 Sonosite and the Spencer ST3 Yi Pencil probe. Results ONSD differed significantly in patients with severe TBI compared with patients with mild and no TBI, but did not correlate with ICP. Pupillometric constriction velocity, dilation velocity, and percent change in pupil diameter were significantly different in patients with severe TBI, but also did not correlate with ICP. TCD did not differ among TBI severities, but middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, middle cerebral artery flow velocity, and carotid flow velocity correlated with ICP. Conclusions This is a novel study of four noninvasive tests to screen for severity of TBI and measure ICP. Our analysis indicates that no single device can do both. However, ONSD and pupillometry may be used as a supplementary screening tool for severe TBI, whereas TCD could be used to estimate and follow ICP in patients with severe TBI.
An Interview with John H. Zenger on Extraordinary Leadership

John H. (Jack) Zenger writes, teaches, and speaks about extraordinary leadership. Today he is one of most authoritative voices on leadership and performance. He received a degree in psychology from Brigham Young University, an MBA from UCLA, and a doctorate degree in business administration from the University of Southern California. He has been the CEO and President of one of the world's largest performance skills improvement companies, Provant, Inc. In 1977, Jack co-founded Zenger Miller, a leading management and leadership development company. He later became the Chairman of Times Mirror Training, Inc. (which consisted of Kaset, Learning International, and Zenger Miller) for many years. He has authored or coauthored seven books, including The Extraordinary Leader: Turning Good Managers into Great Leaders, The Handbook for Leaders: 24 Lessons for Extraordinary Leaders, Results-Based Leadership (which was honored as the best book of 2000 by the Society of Human Resource Management), and best-selling The ...
ISSUES IN STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

Salient methodological issues involved in comprehensive transportation planning at the state level are stated herein. Various concepts developed by urban transportation studies, selected regional transportation planning efforts, and regional science in general are synthesized. The first section highlights important distinctions between public and private enterprise and the planning implications thereof. Questions of overall transportation planning strategy are then considered, with emphasis on the limited relevance of formal optimization concepts. Given these very basic points, the remainder of the paper characterizes the dominant role of forecasting in the planning process, and elaborates on the design of a forecasting model system appropriate for statewide transportation planning.
On the path-dependence of the fracture locus in ductile materials: Experiments

Abstract Guided by previous theoretical analyses, an experimental program was designed to probe the path-dependence of the fracture locus in ductile materials. The material and loading conditions were chosen so that cavitation-induced failure is the basic damage mechanism. In one set of experiments, round notched specimens of different notch acuities were deformed to complete rupture and a nominal strain to fracture initiation was recorded for each specimen. In another set of experiments, sufficiently large specimens were prestrained in simple tension up to incipient necking, then round notched bars were cut out, again varying the notch acuity, and subsequently deformed to rupture. The latter experiments thus produce a step-jump in stress triaxiality, as opposed to a weakly varying triaxiality in the former. The evolution of stress triaxiality at failure locations was determined by finite-element calculations using an associated flow model and a hardening curve identified experimentally up to a strain of 2.0. The designed program enabled a comparison between the fracture loci with and without load path change. It also allowed qualitative comparisons to be made with previously published theoretical results. A theory of ductile fracture that is posited as a stress-state dependent critical fracture strain model is generally inadequate. The findings here partially illustrate the extent to which this applies.
Mnemonic Assistance and User Productivity

This paper concerns designing computer software to obtain improved human performance in executing information-management tasks. We survey aspects of the existing software and consequences of wide use of computers in society in order to examine whether there is a basic problem with memory overload in users caused by current interface designs. The main contributions of this work are in 1. Displaying problems associated with increased dependence on computer technology; and 2. Discussing potential solutions.
Prompt Neutron Decay and Reactivity Measurements in Subcritical Uranium Metal Cylinders

Prompt-neutron decay constants have been determined for unreflected and unmoderated subcritical cylinders of enriched uranium (93.15 wt% 235U) by the Rossi-α technique. The cylinder diameters were ...
Testing the weathering hypothesis among Mexican-origin women.

Methods: 1989–1991 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) linked birth-death files. These files include all women who experienced a live birth in the United States and whose infants were issued a birth certificate during the years 1989 to 1991 (NCHS 1995). Age and nativity specific distributions on infant mortality, low birth weight, anemia, pregnancy related hypertension, and smoking were estimated for Mexican-origin women. Results: For the foreign-born, levels of neonatal mortality are highest for younger women and tend to increase again in women at the oldest ages. For the US born, the lowest levels are for women aged 17 and 18 years, and 27– 29 years. Levels for women aged 19–24 years and 30–34 years are higher than those for 17and 18-year-olds. For both groups of women, giving birth to infants with low birth weight is most common at the earlier ages, declining more or less until the mid twenties when the rate begins to rise again slowly. Patterns for the maternal health indicators vary, with pregnancy related hypertension most strongly following the pattern suggested by weathering. Conclusion: Overall, this analysis suggests that there is evidence of weathering within the Mexican-origin population, particularly for the US-born population, and this is most clearly seen in levels of neonatal mortality and pregnancy related hypertension. (Ethn Dis. 2002;12:470–479)
SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY OF HEALTH CARE IN INDIANA

Healthy populations and access to health care services are significant factors influencing economic development and prosperity. Since geographic access is an essential feature of an overall health system, it is important for health service researchers to develop accurate measures of physical access to health. In this paper we develop a series of gravity-based health care accessibility measures for all the counties in Indiana. The measures go beyond local availability of health care services within a county and account for travel impedance via distance-discounted health care services accessible throughout the state. When applied to Indiana counties, the results show sharp disparities in health care accessibility with extensive pockets of poor accessibility in rural and peripheral areas. The research concludes with a demonstration of how spatial accessibility measures can be beneficially used to evaluate of policies indicative of changes in the provision of health services.
Chapter 10 Temperature, pressure and the sodium pump: The role of homeoviscous adaptation

Publisher Summary Cellular membrane processes are extremely sensitive to environmental perturbations. Thus, membrane function plays a critical role in determining the temperature and pressure tolerance limits of fishes and other animals. Adaptive and acclimatory changes in cellular membrane lipids and enzymes have received considerable attention from environmental physiologists. One of the most intensively studied membrane proteins is the sodium pump, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+–K+ ATPase). The direct effects of temperature and pressure on Na+–K+ ATPase activity are relatively large compared to many other enzymes, making it a clear candidate for studies of biochemical adaptation. The aim of this chapter is to describe the biochemical mechanisms used by fishes to maintain Na+-K+ ATPase function in differing physical environments, particularly the role of changes in the membrane lipid environment (homeoviscous adaptation). The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase is strongly dependent upon the surrounding lipids, and numerous studies have used this enzyme to address the functional consequences of homeoviscous adaptation. Studies of temperature effects have primarily focused upon acclimatory responses, whereas pressure studies have been concerned more with interspecific comparisons.
Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae with the KAO

We present new far-infrared line observations of the planetary nebulae (PNs) NGC 7027, NGC 7009, NGC 6210, NGC 6543, and IC 4997 obtained with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO). The bulk of our data are for NGC 7027 and NGC 7009, including [Ne V] 24 μm, [O IV] 26 μm, [O III] (52, 88μm), and [N III] 57 μm. Our data for [O III] (52, 88) and [N III] 57 in NGC 7027 represent the first measurements of these lines in this source. The large [O III] 52/88 flux ratio implies an electron density (cm-3) of log N e[O III] = 4.19, the largest N e ever inferred from these lines. We derive N++/O++ = 0.394±0.062 for NGC 7027 and 0.179±0.043 for NGC 6210. We are able to infer the O+3/O++ ionic ratio from our data. As gauged by this ionic ratio, NGC 7027 is substantially higher ionization than is NGC 7009 — consistent with our observation that the former produces copious [Ne V] emission while the latter does not. These data help characterize the stellar ionizing radiation field.
Ca2+/calmodulin binds to and modulates P/Q-type calcium channels.

Neurotransmitter release at many central synapses is initiated by an influx of calcium ions through P/Q-type calcium channels1,2, which are densely localized in nerve terminals3. Because neurotransmitter release is proportional to the fourth power of calcium concentration4,5, regulation of its entry can profoundly influence neurotransmission. N- and P/Q-type calcium channels are inhibited by G proteins6,7, and recent evidence indicates feedback regulation of P/Q-type channels by calcium8. Although calcium-dependent inactivation of L-type channels is well documented9,10,11, little is known about how calcium modulates P/Q-type channels. Here we report a calcium-dependent interaction between calmodulin and a novel site in the carboxy-terminal domain of the α1A subunit of P/Q-type channels. In the presence of low concentrations of intracellular calcium chelators, calcium influx through P/Q-type channels enhances channel inactivation, increases recovery from inactivation and produces a long-lasting facilitation of the calcium current. These effects are prevented by overexpression of a calmodulin-binding inhibitor peptide and by deletion of the calmodulin-binding domain. Our results reveal an unexpected association of Ca2+/calmodulin with P/Q-type calcium channels that may contribute to calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Ultrasonic alternative to laser-based photodynamic therapy

Disclosed is a method for activating photosensitive therapeutic and other compounds, comprising the steps of (a) providing a photosensitive therapeutic compound in combination with an appropriate solvent, such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP); (b) generating acoustic energy for generating free radicals from the solvent and reacting the free radicals with an oxalate ester to generate a key intermediate; (c) transferring chemical energy to the photosensitive therapeutic compound from the key intermediate; and (d) activating the photosensitive compound with the transferred energy. In an illustrative embodiment of this invention the oxalate ester is comprised of ester bis (2,4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate (DNPO). Also disclosed is a method for enhancing the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy by also generating acoustic energy to increase selectivity and/or increase the numbers of free radicals. In addition, an ultrasound-based therapy is described which uses a selectively retained or absorbed chemical species in conjunction with existing O 2 in the body to create reactive species such as H 2 O 2 with ultrasonic excitation. It is also within the scope of this invention to increase the oxygen level of the blood stream and tissue prior to and during treatment, such as by using an ultrasound contrast agent.
Anti-Listeria monocytogenes activity of heat-treated lyophilized pomegranate juice in media and in ground top round beef.

Heat treatment can affect antimicrobial activity of plant by-products by altering phenolic content and composition and forming melanoidins. The antilisterial efficacy of heat-treated and unheated lyophilized pomegranate juice (LPJ) was determined. The LPJ was heated at 100°C for 0, 30, 60, or 120 min and added at 2% (wt/wt) to ground top round beef, which was then cooked and inoculated with individual L. monocytogenes strains. Samples of meat stored at 5°C were taken at days 1, 8, 14, and 21 and plated onto Oxford medium for enumeration of bacteria. The MIC of LPJ was determined, and agar well diffusion assays were conducted. Against five L. monocytogenes strains, LPJ had a MIC of 1.50 to 1.75% (wt/vol) and 16.8- to 20.0-mm zones of inhibition. In general, no significant differences in L. monocytogenes levels between the various treatments, including the commercial sodium lactate–sodium diacetate combination, were detected at days 1 and 8. The LPJ (0, 30, 60, and 120 min of heating) significantly inhibite...
Industry-university cooperative education: Advanced Gas Turbine Internships and Fellowships

This paper discusses the proposed educational "mission" for the Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGTSR) program. Based on the positive response of the AGTSR Educational Panel meeting at the November 1994 Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Annual Review, the AGTSR program is planning to broaden the AGTSR Internship and Fellowship programs beginning in fiscal year 1996. A pilot industrial internship program was initiated in June, 1995 targeting top-notch seniors and first or second year graduate students. The AGTSR Industry Review Board selected six interns out of thirteen applications. One intern is positioned at each of the sponsoring companies. Three trial undergraduate honor fellowships were awarded in fiscal year 1995, one each at the University of Minnesota, Clarkson and Clemson University. This paper briefly summarizes the AGTSR consortium program and the anticipated benefits and implementation plan for the AGTSR expanded educational "mission".
An extension of the general entity manipulator language for global view definition

Abstract We extend the General Entity Manipulator (GEM) language with a facility for defining multidatabase views which we call global views. Our language permits global entity types to be defined with the full features of GEM entity types including generalization, entity-valued attributes, and set-valued attributes. The language supports the definition of entity mappings which define how global entity occurrences are materialized from local entity occurrences and attribute mappings which define conversions between local and global attributes. Entity level mappings are defined with a GEM data retrieval expression or the outer join operator. Attribute mappings are defined with a rich variety of conversion techniques such as string operators, database queries, and pre-compiled procedures. The language also accommodates the initial definition of a global view as well as the maintenance of an existing global view.
Coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithm applied to a vector based land use allocation optimization problem: the case study of Tongzhou Newtown, Beijing, China

A Coarse-Grained Parallel Genetic Algorithm (CGPGA) is utilized to search for near-optimal solutions for land use allocation optimization problems in the context of multiple objectives and constraints. Plans are obtained based on the trade-off among three spatial objectives including ecological benefit, accessibility and compatibility. The Multi-objective Optimization of Land Use model integrates these objectives with the fitness function assessed by reference point method (goal programming). The CGPGA, as the first coupling in land use allocation optimization problems, is tested through the experiments with one processor, two processors and four processors to pursue near-optimal land use allocation scenarios and the comparison to these experiments based on Generic Genetic Algorithm (GGA), which clearly shows the robustness of the model we proposed as well as its better performance. Furthermore, the successful convergent (near-convergent) case study utilizing the CGPGA in Tongzhou Newtown, Beijing, China evinces the capability and potential of CGPGA in solving land use allocation optimization problems with better efficiency and effectiveness than GGA.