cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of the IL-8 signaling pathway in the infiltration of granulocytes into the livers of patients with alcoholic hepatitis.

Abstract Background and aim IL-8 (C-X-L motif chemokine ligase 8) and CXCR2 (C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 2) are up regulated in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) liver biopsies. One of the consequences is the attraction and chemotactic neutrophilic infiltrate seen at the AH stage of alcoholic liver disease. Materials and methods Human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies from patients who have AH were studied by (2.1) RNA sequencing, (2.2) PCR and (2.3) semi quantitation of specific proteins in biopsy sections using immunohistochemical measurements of antibody fluorescent intensity with morphometric technology. Results Immunohistochemistry of IL-8 showed that the expression was increased in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes in AH liver biopsies compared to the controls. IL-8 and ubiquitin were co-localized in the MDBs. Numerous neutrophils were found throughout and satellitosis of neutrophils around MDBs was present. This suggested that IL-8 may be involved in MDB pathogenesis. RNA seq analysis revealed activation by IL-8 which included neutrophil chemotaxis by LIM domain kinase 2 (LIMK2) (17.5 fold increase) and G protein subunit alpha 15 (GNA15) (27.8 fold increase). Conclusions The formation of MDBs by liver cells showed colocalization of ubiquitin and IL-8 in the MDBs. This suggested that IL-8 in these hepatocytes attracted the neutrophils to form satellitosis. This correlated with up regulation of the proteins downstream from the IL-8 pathways including LIMK2, GNG2 (guanine nucleotide binding proteins) and PIK3CB (phosphatidyl isitol-4, 5-biophosphate-3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta).
Dynamic Mixed-Mode Crack Initiation and Growth in PMMA and Polycarbonate

Mixed-mode dynamic crack initiation and growth in polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) are studied experimentally. A simple specimen geometry and loading configuration is used to generate various mode-mixities during dynamic crack initiation and fracture. A Hopkinson pressure bar is used to rapidly load free-standing edge cracked samples in reverse impact configuration. Using eccentric loading relative to the crack line, different mode-mixities at crack initiation are achieved by increasing the initial crack length while keeping all other experimental parameters unchanged. A relatively new full-field optical technique, Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS), along with ultrahigh-speed photography is used to perform full-field measurements. DGS can measure instantaneous angular deflections of light rays due to elasto-optic effects and provides two orthogonal stress gradients under plane stress conditions. The mode-I and -II stress intensity factor histories of PMMA are evaluated via overdeterministic analysis of optically measured data. By quantifying critical stress intensity factors evaluated at crack initiation, dynamic fracture envelopes can be developed.
Synthesis and affinity purification of β-32P-labeled [γ-S]GTP

A method for the synthesis and purification of guanosine 5'-(..gamma..-S)triphosphate labeled with /sup 32/P in the ..beta..-position is described. The first step in the synthesis involves the quantitative transfer of /sup 32/P/sub i/ from (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)dATP to 5'-GMP catalyzed by GMP kinase. Further incubation of the (..beta..-/sup 32/P)GDP product with (..gamma..-S)GTP and nucleoside diphosphate kinase results in the synthesis of (..beta..-/sup 32/P)(..gamma..-S)GTP with a yield of 10 to 18%. The /sup 32/P-labeled (..gamma..-S)nucleotide is purified by binding to mercury-agarose and eluting with buffer containing ..beta..-mercaptoethanol. Specific incorporation of /sup 32/P into the ..beta..-position was demonstrated by treating (..beta..-/sup 32/P)(..gamma..-S)GTP with 7% formic acid to remove the ..gamma..-thiophosphate and digesting the remaining (..beta..-/sup 32/P)GDP with nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Although 5'-GMP was released after pyrophosphatase digestion, the only /sup 32/P radioactivity detected was as inorganic phosphate.
Solution and Precipitation Chemistry of Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors

Major progress has been made toward the understanding of phosphonate solution and precipitation chemistry and how it relates to the fate and transport of phosphonates. To prevent scale formation in gas and oil production chemicals are forced into a reservoir, allowed to react with the solid matrix and then slowly released into the production fluids. This is called a “squeeze”. A polymer ionization model has been developed for modeling phosphonate speciation in water and a more stable calcium phosphonate solid phase has been identified, for the first time. In this chapter, phosphonate solution and precipitation chemistry will be discussed. Preliminary results have shown that the solution and precipitation chemistry can be used to explain the fate of phosphonates following an oil field squeeze. Modeling and prediction of an inhibitor squeeze life has began using this information. Most of this chapter will be devoted to a discussion on calcium phosphonate solution chemistry and a new precipitation mechanism.
In vitro senescence, differentiated function, and transformation in cultured vascular endothelial cells.

The usefulness of vascular endothelial cells as a model culture system to study disease has yet to reach the point where results obtained in vitro can provide remedies for in vivo pathologies. Although it may be premature to think that this goal soon may be achieved, investigators who are currently studying this cell culture model are probing some basic questions that are of intrinsic interest to cell culturists and cell biologists. With this as an underlying theme, our intention is to present an overview of the work being carried out in our laboratory on the proliferative and differentiated characteristics of bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture.
Obesity Following Childhood Cancer: Mechanisms and Consequences

Due to advances in the treatment of pediatric cancer, the population of adult survivors has increased dramatically. Many survivors face a significant threat of becoming overweight, obese, and insulin resistant. In this chapter, we present four case vignettes to illustrate the risks of obesity in adult survivors of pediatric cancer, known mechanisms, studied interventions, and future directions in research.
A runtime framework for parallel programs

This dissertation proposes the Weaves runtime framework for the execution of large scale parallel programs over lightweight intra-process threads. The goal of the Weaves framework is to help process-based legacy parallel programs exploit the scalability of threads without any modifications. The framework separates global variables used by identical, but independent, threads of legacy parallel programs without resorting to thread-based re-programming. At the same time, it also facilitates low-overhead collaboration among threads of a legacy parallel program through multi-granular selective sharing of global variables. Applications that follow the tenets of the Weaves framework can load multiple identical, but independent, copies of arbitrary object files within a single process. They can compose the runtime images of these object files in graph-like ways and run intra-process threads through them to realize various degrees of multi-granular selective sharing or separation of global variables among the threads. Using direct runtime control over the resolution of individual references to functions and variables, they can also manipulate program composition at fine granularities. Most importantly, the Weaves framework does not entail any modifications to either the source codes or the native codes of the object files. The framework is completely transparent. Results from experiments with a real-world process-based parallel application depict that the framework can correctly execute a thousand parallel threads containing non-threadsafe global variables on a single machine—nearly twice as many as the traditional process-based approach can—without any code modifications. On increasing the number of machines, the application experiences super-linear speedup, which illustrates scalability. Results from another similar application, chosen from a different software area to emphasize the breadth of this research, show that the framework’s facilities for low-overhead collaboration among parallel threads allows for significantly greater scales of achievable parallelism than technologies for inter-process collaboration allow. Ultimately, larger scales of parallelism enable more accurate software modeling of real-world parallel systems, such as computer networks and multi-physics natural phenomena.
Impact of Post-Hospital Syndrome on Penile Prosthesis Outcomes: A Period of Global Health Risk

Purpose:Post-hospital syndrome is an acquired transient period of health vulnerability following inpatient admission. We assessed the impact of a preoperative hospitalization on outcomes following penile prosthesis surgery and sought to optimize surgical timing after inpatient admission.Materials and Methods:We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and State Ambulatory Surgery Database for California from 2007 to 2011 and for Florida from 2009 to 2014. Patients were identified as having undergone prosthesis placement by ICD-9 and CPT codes. The primary exposure was post-hospital syndrome, defined as any inpatient admission 90 days or less before prosthesis placement. Patients were further categorized by how recently the inpatient hospitalization occurred. The primary study outcome was 30-day hospital readmission. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, and device and postoperative complications.Results:We identified 16,923 patients who received a penile prosthesis, of ...
Reduction and Condensation of Aldehydes by the Isolated Cofactor of Nitrogenase

Isolated nitrogenase cofactors can reduce CO, CN-, and CO2 to short-chain hydrocarbons in reactions driven by a strong reductant. Here, we use activity analyses and isotope labeling experiments to show that formaldehyde and acetaldehydes can be reduced as-is or reductively condensed into alkanes and alkenes by the isolated cofactor of Mo-nitrogenase in the presence of EuII-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). Further, we demonstrate that aldehydes can be condensed with CO by the isolated cofactor under the same reaction conditions, pointing to aldehyde-derived species as possible intermediates of nitrogenase-catalyzed CO reduction. Our deuterium labeling experiments suggest the formation of a cofactor-bound hydroxymethyl intermediate upon activation of the formaldehyde, as well as the release of C2H4 as a product upon β-hydride elimination of an acetaldehyde-derived hydroxyethyl intermediate. These findings establish the reductive condensation of aldehydes as a previously unobserved reactivity of a biogenic catalyst while at the same time shed light on the mechanism of enzymatic CO reduction and C-C bond formation, thereby providing a useful framework for further exploration of the unique reactivity and potential applications of nitrogenase-based reactions.
Aerobic Organocatalytic Photoinitiated Arene Oxidations: Application to Electron Transfer Initiated Cyclization Reactions.

[reaction: see text] Electron transfer initiated oxidative cyclization reactions can be effected by catalytic amounts of N-methylquinolinium hexafluorophosphate through photoirradiation in the presence of dioxygen. Solid sodium thiosulfate serves as an effective reducing agent to remove the reactive oxygen species formed from catalyst regeneration and radical coupling reactions with O(2), allowing these cyclizations to proceed efficiently on preparatively useful scales.
M1 ADMIXTURES IN TRANSITIONS FROM THE 3/sub $gamma$/$sup +$ AND 4/sub $gamma$/$sup +$ LEVELS IN $sup 154$Gd.

Gamma-gamma directional correlations have been measured in $^{154}\mathrm{Gd}$ with a Ge(Li) detector in one channel. The $M1$ admixtures in the ${{3}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{2}^{+}$, ${{3}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{{4}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{+}$, and ${{4}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{4}^{+}$ transitions were measured to be 1, (3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3), and (4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8)%, respectively. The $M3$ admixture in the ${{2}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{4}^{+}$ and ${{2}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{4}^{+}$ transitions is (0.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)%.
Of Microbes and Mange: Consistent changes in the skin microbiome of three canid species infected with sarcoptic mange

ABSTRACT Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. Although it afflicts over 100 mammal species worldwide, sarcoptic mange remains a disease obscured by variability at the individual, population, and species levels. Amid this variability, it is critical to identify consistent drivers of morbidity, particularly at the skin barrier. We characterized the skin microbiome of three species of North American canids: coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Comparing mange-infected and uninfected individuals, we found remarkably consistent signatures of microbial dysbiosis associated with mange infection. Across genera, mange-infected canids exhibited reduced microbial diversity, altered community composition, and increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens. The primary bacteria comprising these secondary infections were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, previously associated with canid ear and skin infections, and Corynebacterium spp, previously found among the gut flora of S. scabiei mites and hematophagous arthropods. Considered together, this evidence suggests that mange infection consistently alters the canid skin microbiome and facilitates secondary bacterial infection. These results provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mange at the skin barrier of North American canids and can inspire novel treatment strategies. By further adopting a “One Health” framework that considers mites, microbes, and the potential for interspecies transmission, we can better elucidate the patterns and processes underlying this ubiquitous and enigmatic disease.
Inside Hurricane Maria in 360 Degrees

Journey inside Hurricane Maria two days before it devastated Puerto Rico. This visualization is based on volumetric precipitation data from the NASA-Japan Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory satellite. The 3D tour reveals structures inside the hurricane that fueled the storm's intensification to a Category 5 within 24 hours.
Responding to substance-use-related probation and parole violations: are enhanced treatment sanctions preferable to jail sanctions?

An increase in correctional treatment programming options coupled with prison population reduction legislation has driven a widespread transfer of supervision from prisons to community corrections....
Bioprocess: Robustness with Respect to Mycoplasma Species

Capture bioprocessing unit operations were previously shown to clear or kill several log10 of a model mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii in lab-scale spike/removal studies. Here, we confirm this observation with two additional mollicute species relevant to biotechnology products for human use: Mycoplasma orale and Mycoplasma arginini Clearance of M. orale and M. arginini from protein A column purification was similar to that seen with A. laidlawii, though some between cycle carryover was evident, especially for M. orale However, on-resin growth studies for all three species revealed that residual mycoplasma in a column slowly die off over time rather than expanding further. Solvent/detergent exposure completely inactivated M. arginini though detectable levels of M. orale remained. A small-scale model of a commercial low-pH hold step did inactivate live M. orale, but this inactivation required a lower pH set point and occurred with slower kinetics than previously seen with A. laidlawii Additionally, ultraviolet-C irradiation was shown to be effective for A. laidlawii and M. orale inactivation whereas virus-retentive filters for upstream and downstream processes, as expected, cleared A. laidlawii These data argue that M. orale and M. arginini overall would be largely cleared by early bioprocessing steps as shown previously for A. laidlawii, and that barrier technologies can effectively reduce the risk from media components. For some unit operations, M. orale and M. arginini may be hardier, and require more stringent processing or equipment cleaning conditions to assure effective mycoplasma reduction. By exploring how some of the failure modes in commercial antibody manufacturing processes can still eliminate mycoplasma burden, we demonstrate that required best practices assure biotechnology products will be safe for patients.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger that is involved in many physiological events including host defence, vascular tone and neurotransmission. It plays a role in many nervous system functions including synaptogenesis during brain development, synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory, and regulation of cerebral blood flow. NO is produced from at least 3 different NO synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal NOS (type-1; nNOS), immunological NOS (type-2; iNOS) and endothelial NOS (type-3; eNOS). Under conditions of excessive formation, NO may elicit neuropathological changes. For example, excess NO from nNOS has been implicated in neuronal damage associated with stroke, excitotoxins, mitochondrial toxins and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Activation of iNOS may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and severe AIDS dementia, while derangements in NO formation from eNOS may play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. Thus, the development of specific NO inhibitors has become a major challenge. Selective inhibitors are beginning to be developed for the various isoforms of NOS, which raises the possibility that medicinal chemists will be able to develop well tolerated and selective NOS inhibitors that may be used for the treatment of CNS disorders that are due to derangements of NO.
Effects of NSAIDs on Periodontal and Dental Implant Therapy.

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed group of drugs in dentistry for managing postoperative pain and discomfort. Little is known regarding their effects on the healing of periodontal and peri-implant tissues. Methods The authors conducted a review of the literature to provide an overview of knowledge about NSAIDs and their potential effects on periodontal and implant wound healing. Results A Pubmed (MEDLINE) database search was conducted to identify articles evaluating the influence of administration of NSAID drugs on outcomes following periodontal treatments (nine clinical studies) and dental implant placement (four animal studies and two human clinical studies). Conflicting results were found on the effects of NSAIDs during periodontal wound healing. NSAID administration, specifically selective COX-2 inhibitors could inhibit bone formation around orthopedic implants. Conclusion Within the limitations of this review, NSAIDs negatively affected osseointegration of titanium implants. However, quality of evidence from available human clinical studies is poor and there are conflicting results from animal models. Future and better clinical studies are needed to more precisely evaluate the potential effects of NSAIDs on dental wound healing. Practical implications Dental surgeons must be aware of the potential effects of NSAID use on osseous healing following common oral surgical procedures such as periodontal and implant therapy.
A Multifunction Dense Array System With Reconfigurable Depth of Penetration

Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation are enabled by electromagnetic induction with applications in neuroscience research and the treatment of neurological disorders. Current systems are effective but research continues on improving key performance metrics such as precise targeting, focality, and depth of penetration. Additional functions are also being studied; tunable excitation field patterning, reconfigurable depth of penetration, multiple excitation sites, power efficient waveforms and reduced extraneous excitation. Multichannel, multi-coil arrays show promise in achieving many of these parameters in one multifunctional array as opposed to the single-function commercial coils (circular, figure-8 or H coil) being used today. As such, our central focus is to determine whether multifunction dense arrays, despite their many challenges, are a tractable technical approach for future neuromodulation systems. Therefore, the results in this paper are twofold. First, we report the design, fabrication and demonstration of a scalable multichannel (12 channels) or multifunction dense array system to assess the potential to perform these functions in one system. Second, we demonstrate that the depth of penetration of the magnetic field can be reconfigured by varying current magnitude and phase of the smaller coil diameters in the array to achieve the same decay profile performance of a larger diameter coil. Only simulations exist in the literature to date, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first measurements of hexagonal shaped coils in multi-coil arrays have increased depth of penetration over circular shaped coil-based arrays.
From Winners to Losers: The Methodology of Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced Disincentivizes Participation in Bundled Payment Programs.

Abstract Background The Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative improved quality and reduced costs following total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). In October 2018, the BPCI-Advanced program was implemented. The purpose of this study is to compare the quality metrics and performance between our institution’s participation in the BPCI program with the BPCI-Advanced initiative. Methods We reviewed a consecutive series of Medicare primary THA and TKA patients. Demographics, medical comorbidities, discharge disposition, readmission, and complication rates were compared between BPCI and BPCI-Advanced groups. Medicare claims data were used to compare episode-of-care costs, target price, and margin per patient between the cohorts. Results Compared to BPCI patients (n = 9222), BPCI-Advanced patients (n = 2430) had lower rates of readmission (5.8% vs 3.8%, P = .001) and higher rate of discharge to home (72% vs 78%, P Conclusion Despite marked improvements in quality metrics, our institution suffered a substantial loss through BPCI-Advanced secondary to methodological changes within the program, such as the exclusion of outpatient TKAs, facility-specific target pricing, and the elimination of different risk tracks for institutions. Medicare should consider adjustments to this program to keep surgeons participating in alternative payment models.
Spatial and frequency selective acoustically driven streaming and its application to boundary-induced pattern formation

The problem of spatial and frequency selective acoustic streaming induced in a bifurcated channel using an elastic membrane is examined. The acoustic wavelength is much longer than the channel dimensions. The time-averaged fluid motion can be controlled by adjusting the pressure gradient and the impedance of the membrane. The fluid's dynamic behavior is governed by the relative magnitude of three parameters, the oscillatory Reynolds, Strouhal, and streaming Reynolds numbers. The behavior in the large oscillatory Reynolds and Strouhal number limit is of particular interest. The solution is given by singular asymptotic series expressed in terms of the reciprocal of the Strouhal number and matched using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.
Risk Factors for Assault and Physical Aggression Among Medically Hospitalized Adult Patients Who Had a Behavioral Emergency Call: A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND:Health care settings are a primary location for workplace violence that involves clients, but risk factors for behavioral emergencies in medical settings are largely unknown.AIM:This stu...
A Reexamination of Economies of Scale in the Management of Real Estate Investment Trusts

With improvements in employment and housing markets post-credit crisis, real estate investment trusts (REITs) have sought to improve the quality and productivity of their portfolios by increasing t...
Efficient hybrid Neumann series based MMSE assisted detection for 5G and beyond massive MIMO systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) is one of the cutting edge technologies that provides significant improvement in throughput, coverage and spectral efficiency. The challenge with M-MIMO systems is to extract individual signals from the composite signal, thus making optimal detectors prohibitively complex. Recently, approximate message passing (AMP) and its variant detectors have gained substantial importance due to their decreased complexity and improved performance. However, AMP algorithm does not always converge. Non-linear detectors like vertical Bell-Labs layered space-iime improve the bit error rate (BER) but with high complexity, whereas, linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector offers low complexity while compromising on BER performance. Neumann series based MMSE detectors further reduce MMSE computational complexity, however, the BER performance remains the same. In this work, the authors propose a hybrid Neumann series based MMSE detector which decomposes the detected signal into its constituent components and apply a neighbourhood selection algorithm on the obtained components thus improving the overall performance. Another contribution of this work is derivation of an off-set value for optimised neighbourhood set selection that enables more accurate detection while further reducing computational complexity. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms aforementioned algorithms in terms of BER performance and computational complexity in a continuously changing Rayleigh channel.
In Situ Identification of Student Self-Regulated Learning Struggles in Programming Assignments

Effective self-regulated learning (SRL) is important to student academic success. Understanding what SRL struggles students face in programming assignments is critical to guide many efforts in computing education, such as designing scalable interventions and developing effective learning technologies. Prior studies on this topic contributed to understanding what SRL strategies CS students typically use in programming assignments, and the interventions for some SRL struggles such as procrastination. However, few studies have investigated student SRL struggles in programming systematically. To fill this gap, we investigate student SRL struggles in the context of CS2 through a case study. We used multiple approaches to collect real-time data and validate our findings, such as tracking student progress, identifying potential SRL struggles, and interviewing identified struggling students to confirm our identifications. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of what SRL struggles students face in programming at a fine-grained level, and provides guidance on interventions for SRL struggles.
Change in individual physicians' screening mammography completion rates following the updated USPSTF guideline supporting shared decision making: An observational cohort study.

Abstract Objective To understand changes in physician screening practices in response to the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation supporting shared decision making (SDM) for mammography in women aged 40–49 years. Methods We assessed screening completion rates for physicians in the Cleveland Clinic Health System pre-2009 (2006–2008) and post-2009 (2010–2015), and rates for physicians new to the system post-2009. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate the odds of a woman receiving screening post-2009. If physicians practiced SDM, we hypothesized their screening rates would change after 2009. To test this, we included each physician’s pre-2009 screening rate as a predictor in the model. Results Among 125 physicians, the screening rate increased from 40% to 45% from pre-2009 to post-2009. For physicians new to the health system post-2009 the rate was 32%. In the mixed effects model (N = 17,007), the strongest predictor of mammography receipt among patients post-2009 was their physician’s pre-2009 screening rate (aOR:3.57 per 10% increase in pre-2009 rate; 95%CI:1.69–7.50). Conclusions Whether a woman received a mammogram post-2009 was highly associated with her physicians’ pre-2009 screening rate, suggesting physicians are not individualizing screening decisions via SDM. Practice implications Physicians may need support to effectively practice SDM.
Conclusion: Engineering Movies

The conclusion to Animating Unpredictable Effects argues for the importance of understanding engineering and R&D as a part of animation and visual effects production, in opposition to critics who dismiss these as mere tools for hyperrealism. This provides for a better understanding of a diverse range of contemporary digital media production practices that involve extensive technical work, but it also sheds light on film production practices going back a century. Using the example of practical special effects, like puffs of smoke or splashing waves in a studio water tank, which create unpredictable motion under artificial conditions, the conclusion draws a long history of practices that represent the world by making artificial mechanisms rather than capturing or drawing images.
Therapeutic review of cabotegravir/rilpivirine long-acting antiretroviral injectable and implementation considerations at an HIV specialty clinic

Cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first complete parenteral antiretroviral (ART) regimen for treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH). As a monthly intramuscular (IM) injection, this therapy constitutes a major departure from the traditional paradigm of oral therapy requiring (at least) daily administration that has defined HIV treatment for decades. Composed of a second-generation integrase inhibitor (INSTI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), CAB/RPV has achieved high rates of sustained virologic suppression with a favorable safety profile for treatment-experienced PLWH following oral lead-in (OLI) during several clinical trials. In addition to the clinical benefits of this agent, patient-reported outcomes associated with convenience, confidentiality, and the tolerability of the injections have consistently reflected positive perceptions of CAB/RPV. The novel nature of this therapy in the field of HIV presents logistical challenges. Clinics will need to address barriers related to management of clinic workflow, procurement, reimbursement, and nonadherence. The aim of this review was to summarize the available safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data of this long-acting (LA) injectable regimen as well as discuss some potential considerations for prescribing and operationalization.
Medical Malpractice Trends in Foot and Ankle Surgery

ABSTRACT Medical malpractice lawsuits can place significant economic and psychologic burden on a provider. Orthopedic surgery is one of the most common subspecialties involved in malpractice claims. There is currently no study examining malpractice lawsuits within foot and ankle surgery. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to examine trends in malpractice claims in foot and ankle surgery. The Westlaw legal database was queried for lawsuits pertaining to foot and ankle surgery from 2008 to 2018. Only cases involving medical malpractice were included for analysis. All available details pertaining to the cases were collected. This included plaintiff demographic and geographic data. Details regarding the cases were also collected such as anatomical location, pathology, complications, and case outcomes. Forty-nine malpractice lawsuits pertaining to foot and ankle were identified. Most plaintiffs in these cases were adult females, and the majority of cases occurred in the northeast (53.1%). The most common anatomical region involved in claims involved the forefoot (29%). The majority of these claims involved surgery (65%). Infection was the most common complication seen in claims (22%). The jury ruled in favor of the defendant surgeon in most cases (73%). This is the first study to examine trends in medical malpractice within foot and ankle surgery. Infection was the most frequent complication seen in claims and forefoot surgery was the most common anatomic location. A large portion of claims resulted after nonoperative treatment. A better understanding of the trends within malpractice claims is crucial to developing strategies for prevention.
Sales forecasting practices: Results from a United States survey

Abstract The paper presents the results of a survey designed to discover how business firms prepare sales forecasts, what methods they prefer, and the accuracy of their predictions. The survey showed that subjective, extrapolation and naive techniques are widely used by American business firms in various forecasting situations. Also, some business firms are reducing forecasting errors by making greater use of computers and seasonal adjustments.
Treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis by immunosuppression.

Abstract: Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is exceedingly uncommon in childhood and its etiology is uncertain. Support for an immunological basis for the disease is given by a report of a 14-year-old girl with severe retroperitoneal fibrosis causing progressive azotemia in whom azathioprineand prednisolone were used successfully. This case supports the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
Mitochondrial Proteostatic Collapse Leads to Hypoxic Injury

Hypoxic injury is a key pathological event in a variety of diseases. Despite the clinical importance of hypoxia, modulation of hypoxic injury mechanisms for therapeutic benefit has not been achieved, suggesting that critical features of hypoxic injury have not been identified or fully understood. Because mitochondria are the main respiratory organelles of the cell, they have been the focus of much research into hypoxic injury. Previous research has focused on mitochondria as effectors of hypoxic injury, primarily in the context of apoptosis activation and calcium regulation; however, little is known about how mitochondria themselves are injured by hypoxia. Maintenance of protein folding is essential for normal mitochondrial function, whereas failure to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) appears to be a component of aging and a variety of diseases. Previously, it has been demonstrated that mitochondria possess their own unfolded protein response that is activated in response to mitochondrial protein folding stress, a response that is best understood in C. elegans. Because hypoxia has been shown to disrupt ATP production and translation of nuclear encoded proteins--both of which are shown to disrupt mitochondrial proteostasis in other contexts-we hypothesized that failure to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis may play a role in hypoxic injury. Utilizing C. elegans models of global, focal, and cell non-autonomous hypoxic injury, we have found evidence of mitochondrial protein misfolding post-hypoxia and have found that manipulation of the mitochondrial protein folding environment is an effective hypoxia protective strategy.
The mediator of cellular immunity: V. Development of cellular resistance to infection in thymectomized irradiated rats

Abstract Thymectomized adult rats which have been heavily irradiated and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells rapidly regain the ability to defend themselves against a primary infection with the intracellular bacterial parasite, Listeria monocytogenes. They do so by a cell-mediated immunological mechanism as evidenced by the protective immunity transferred adoptively by thoracic duct lymphocytes or peritoneal exudate cells from donors infected with this organism. But peritoneal exudate cells from thymus-derived donors convey only a fraction of the immunity transmitted by exudate cells from similarly infected intact rats. Since thymectomized irradiated animals can mobilize their cellular defenses more effectively when they are injected with a modest number of thoracic duct lymphocytes, an effect that cannot be duplicated with a massive infusion of bone marrow, it is argued that thymusdependent lymphocytes or T cells have an influential role in the development of cellular resistance to infection.
On the mechanical stability of uranyl peroxide hydrates: Implications for nuclear fuel degradation

The mechanical properties and stability of studtite, (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2·2H2O, and metastudtite, (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2, two important corrosion phases observed on spent nuclear fuel exposed to water, have been investigated using density functional perturbation theory. While (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2 satisfies the necessary and sufficient Born criteria for mechanical stability, (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2·2H2O is found to be mechanically metastable, which might be the underlying cause of the irreversibility of the studtite to metastudtite transformation. According to Pugh's and Poisson's ratios and the Cauchy pressure, both phases are considered ductile and shear modulus is the parameter limiting their mechanical stability. Debye temperatures of 294 and 271 K are predicted for polycrystalline (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2·2H2O and (UO2)(O2)(H2O)2, suggesting a lower micro-hardness of metastudtite.
Saccadic selectivity in complex visual search displays

Visual search is a fundamental and routine task of everyday life. Studying visual search promises to shed light on the basic attentional mechanisms that facilitate visual processing. To investigate visual attention during search processes, numerous studies measured the selectivity of observers' saccadic eye movements for local display features. These experiments almost entirely relied on simple, artificial displays with discrete search items and features. The present study employed complex search displays and targets to examine task-driven (top-down) visual guidance by low-level features under more natural conditions. Significant guidance by local intensity, contrast, spatial frequency, and orientation was found, and its properties such as magnitude and resolution were analyzed across dimensions. Moreover, feature-ratio effects were detected, which correspond to distractor-ratio effects in simple search displays. These results point out the limitations of current purely stimulus-driven (bottom-up) models of attention during scene perception.
Minimal Groups Increase Young Children's Motivation and Learning on Group-Relevant Tasks.

Three experiments (N = 130) used a minimal group manipulation to show that just perceived membership in a social group boosts young children's motivation for and learning from group-relevant tasks. In Experiment 1, 4-year-old children assigned to a minimal "puzzles group" persisted longer on a challenging puzzle than children identified as the "puzzles child" or children in a control condition. Experiment 2 showed that this boost in motivation occurred only when the group was associated with the task. In Experiment 3, children assigned to a minimal group associated with word learning learned more words than children assigned an analogous individual identity. The studies demonstrate that fostering shared motivations may be a powerful means by which to shape young children's academic outcomes.
FUZZY SIMULATION: SPECIFYING AND IDENTIFYING QUALITATIVE MODELS∗

Qualitative methodology plays an important role within computer simulation; modeling and analysis of complex systems require qualitative methods since humans think naturally in qualitative and linguistic terms. The critical interface for simulationists exploring qualitative simulation should rely on an unambiguous mathematical formalism or method with foundations in systems theory. Currently, many ad hoc formalisms exist for encoding uncertain or qualitative simulation knowledge; however, we have found that fuzzy set theory provides for a formalism where linguistic variables can be encoded as state, parameter, input and output information in the model. Fuzzy numbers, in particular, are useful when population statistics are unavailable—usually due to cost factors. We have constructed fuzzy simulation programs based on our C-based SimPack library and we use fuzzy simulation to hypothesize qualitative system models reflecting real system behavior, and to specify qualitative versions of systems.
Temporal elements of organizational culture and impact on firm performance

Examines two temporal elements of organizational culture, polychronicity and speed values, and their effects on organizational performance. The study of these dimensions of culture and their effects on firm effectiveness is especially relevant for leaders who are responsible for the implementation of a firm’s culture as one of the firm’s strategic resources. The impacts of these temporal elements are examined individually and within the context of hypercompetitive industries.
Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideations and Attempts in Talented, At-Risk Girls

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships among suicidality, substance use, self-esteem, family structure, and eight personality characteristics (harm avoidance, impulsivity, aggression, social recognition, cognitive structure, succorance, abasement, and achievement) with 337 talented, at-risk, adolescent girls. Results indicated that girls with histories of suicidal ideations and/or attempts had significantly higher levels of substance use, impulsivity, aggression, and social recognition, and significantly lower levels of self-esteem and harm avoidance than girls without such histories. Girls without suicide histories were also more likely to come from single mother families. Consideration of these factors, by both researchers and clinicians, in assessing suicide risk is encouraged.
Tensile response of low activation ferritic steels irradiated in ORR at temperatures in the range 60–400 °C

Post-irradiation tensile test results are reported for a series of low activation steels containing manganese following irradiation in the Oak Ridge Reactor at 60, 200, 330 and 400 °C to ∼10 dpa. Alloy compositions included 2Cr, 9Cr and 12Cr steels with V to 1.5% and W to 1.0%. Strengths are higher in all alloys for irradiation conditions below 400 °C, with peak hardening occurring following irradiation at 200 °C. The 9Cr alloy class exhibited the smallest increases in hardening. Test results were consistent with previous results obtained on fast flux test facility-irradiated specimens. Manganese does not appear to play a role in the hardening observed at these low irradiation temperatures.
Characterization of organic and inorganic phosphorus in the highland plateau soils of Ethiopia

Abstract Surface horizon samples from two Vertisols, an Andisol, and an Alfisol were collected from farmers’ fields, research station farms, and from uncultivated/ nonfertilized areas to characterize the organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus (P) in the highland plateau soils of Ethiopia using the Hedley soil P fractionation scheme. The total P values ranged from 226 mg‐kg‐1 in the Akaki Vertisol samples developed on alluvial deposits to 1570 mgkg‐1 in the Andisol samples, where the HCl fraction dominates the inorganic soil P pool. The Alfisol samples contained 400 mg‐kg‐1 of total P, with the NaOHand residual P being the dominant P fractions. The resin inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and bicarbonate Pi fractions generally accounted for less than 15% of the total P in all soils, and were positively correlated with organic C. The NaOH P fraction, which was most prominent in the surface horizon samples of the Alfisols, accounted for 4–15% of total P. The HCl P fraction, ranged from 1% in the Alfisols to 46% in...
Medicolegal problems and advances made in connection therewith

It has been apparent since the Iatter part of the eighteenth Century that proper administration of justice depended in no smaI1 measure upon the adequate and scientific presentation of medica observations and deductions and that a scientific medica training induces to greater efficiency in the administration of medicoIega1 affairs. AccordingIy, within the short period of about one-quarter of a century most of the European countries estabrished medicoIegaI institutes, Iectureships or professorships on forensic medicine within the confines of their Ieading universities and, in many cases, the professors or Iecturers on IegaI medicine were actuaIIy also governmenta1 officers, or their assistance was sought voIuntariIy by the Coroners and other crimina1 investigating authorities. SimuItaneousIy with this deveIopment a whoIe new Iiterature sprang into being with the appearance of numerous textbooks on IegaI medicine, its various probIems and the proper scientific procedure to be folIowed in each case, etc. In the beginning, NEW YORK
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Mucosal Lymph Node T Cell Subpopulations Proximal and Distal to Chronic Staphylococcal Antigen Challenge

We investigated the functional and subset surface marker characteristics of supramammary lymph node T cell populations at sites proximal and distal to the mammary region of goats repeatedly injected with heat-treated Staphylococcus aureus antigen (HK-SAC). Flow cytometric studies showed quantitative differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets among large and small lymphocyte populations in ipsilateral and contralateral supramammary lymph nodes of these animals. Although ipsilateral (draining) lymph nodes were enriched with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD4/CD8 ratios were comparatively lower than those of contralateral (non-draining) lymph nodes (2.30 vs 2.60, respectively). Cell size analysis by flow cytometry showed that nearly 70% of the lymphocytes in ipsilateral nodes were of large cell phenotype with CD4/CD8 ratios of 2.52. In contrast, there were only 56.1% large lymphocytes in contralateral lymph nodes but with similar CD4/CD8 ratios of 2.55. The number of large lymphocytes in corresponding nodes of unin...
A short review of the role of lactobacilli in silage fermentation

Abstract A review of the silage production process is described. The role of the microflora in the preservation of the nutritional value of the crops is emphasized. Lactobacilli are critical to the success of preservation including reduction of pH and inhibition of secondary fermentation within the silage. Data presented indicate the enhanced recovery of lactic acid bacteria and nutrient preservation in inoculated silages. Production of inocula is described and the potential for genetic engineering of cultures evaluated.