cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indole protects tryptophan indole-lyase, but not tryptophan synthase, from inactivation by trifluoroalanine.

Trifluoroalanine is a mechanism-based inactivator of Escherichia coli tryptophan indole-lyase (tryptophanase) and E. coli tryptophan synthase (R. B. Silverman and R. H. Abeles, 1976, Biochemistry 15, 4718–4723). We have found that indole is able to prevent inactivation of tryptophan indole-lyase by trifluoroalanine. The protection of tryptophan indole-lyase by indole exhibits saturation kinetics, with a KD of 0.03 mm, which is comparable to the K1 for inhibition of pyruvate ion formation (0.01 mm) and the Km for l-tryptophan synthesis. Fluoride electrode measurements indicate the formation of 28 mol of fluoride ion per mole of enzyme during inactivation of tryptophan indole-lyase, and 121 mol of fluoride ion are formed per mole of enzyme in the presence of 2 mm indole during the same incubation period. 19F NMR spectra of reaction mixtures of tryptophan indole-lyase and trifluoroalanine showed evidence only for fluoride ion formation, in either the absence or the presence of indole, and difluoropyruvic acid was not detected. The partition ratio, kcatkinact, is estimated to be 9. Tryptophan indole-lyase in the presence of trifluoroalanine exhibits visible absorption peaks at 446 and 478 nm, which decay at the same rate as inactivation. However, in the presence of 1 mm indole and trifluoroalanine, tryptophan indole-lyase exhibits a peak only at 420 nm, and the spectra show a gradual increase at 300–310 nm with incubation. In contrast, tryptophan synthase is not protected by indole from inactivation by trifluoroalanine, and the absorption peak at 408 nm for the tryptophan synthasetrifluoroalanine complex is unaffected by indole. These results demonstrate that inactivation of tryptophan indolelyase occurs via a catalytically competent species, probably the β,β-difluoro-α-aminoacrylate intermediate, which can be partitioned from inactivation to products by a reactive aromatic nucleophile, indole.
Contribution of skeletal muscle activity to the natural history of acceleration-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC)

G-LOC and the ensuing incapacitation represents an ever present threat to modern fighter aircraft and aviators. Of the techniques developed to combat gravitational induced stress, particularly such stress acting along the head to foot axis (+Gz), a variety of straining maneuvers have assumed prominence. All the latter techniques involve voluntary skeletal muscle tensing to a varying degree. It is hypothesized that the basis for the importance of skeletal muscle activity in improving G tolerance predominantly lies in the increased muscle spindle afferent activity to the reticular activating system. It is also hypothesized that the natural history of G-LOC can be significantly improved by supplementing muscle spindle activity via active and passive skeletal muscle activity.
Why left ventricular assist devices are not yet a product that has matured to the tornado phase of the market: or why aren’t we using more LVAD’S?

to differentiate foreign organs) as unexpected molecular surfaces. The simplest method to restore molecular patterns is to remove altered cells, potentially leaving insufficient functional tissue. The denervated organ has no way to directly communicate with the CNS since neuro-immunoregulatory signals between the original organ and the CNS are severed. Tolerance results when the organ, by communicating with peripheral cells, elicits a neuroregulatory response mediated at peripheral lymphoid organs. Thus, development of innovative immunosuppressive regimens should look towards CNS agents.
GREATER RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION AFTER CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT THAN AFTER PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT

50 paid volunteer college students were used in a GSR conditioning experiment with electric shock as the UCS. Words were used as stimuli with the CS word embedded among 4 control stimuli. Ss were divided into two groups, partially or continuously reinforced over 25 trials. Part of each group was informed as to the onset of extinction. For the Informed Ss, those continuously reinforced showed greater resistance to extinction than those partially reinforced (p = .03). For the Uninformed Ss the reverse was true (p = .02). The results show that informing Ss as to the onset of extinction makes response strength, as measured by resistance to extinction, a positive function of the number of reinforcements.
A comparison of two methods to project regional and state populations for the U.S.

This paper is a comparison of two contrasting methods for projecting population at the regional and state levels. A projection of the U.S. Bureau of the Census employs standard demographic methods, while the population projection by Data Resources, Inc., is based on economic opportunity. The methodological differences between these two projections are discussed, and the projections for the year 2000 are compared. While both projections use the same national control total for population in the year 2000, some of the regional and state projections are very different. The U.S. Bureau of the Census projects population decline in the Northeast and rapid growth in the West while Data Resources, Inc., projects some population growth in the Northeast and less rapid growth in the West.
Dynamic lung tumor phantom coupled with chest motion

Motion artifacts have always been a non-desired effect in the field of Medical Imaging. Thus new technologies are being investigated to ameliorate the damaging effects of image blurring caused by motion. The development of these new technologies requires the use of phantoms as a means of precise, repeatable and controllable source of motion for testing initial algorithms and prototypes. The objective of this project was to design a dynamic lung tumor phantom coupled with chest motion. The phantom consists of a pair of linear actuators. The complete design, excluding the actuators was built in house out of acrylic materials with low attenuation factors, making it ideal for PET studies. The linear actuator is a stepper motor coupled to a lead screw which translates rotational motion into linear displacement at a rate of 0.0254 mm/step. The system is driven by a PIC microcontroller that allows the user to select different tumor motion parameters, and is capable of performing 3D motion. The phantom is capable of providing lung tumor and chest position with an accuracy of 1.3 μm in the axis of motion, with a displacement of up to 52 mm and maximum velocity of 21.59 mm/second. The design has proven to be suitable for simulating lung tumor motion in PET studies, as well as testing motion tracking algorithms. However it can also be used in studies dealing with gated radiotherapy.
Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature

In this article, I chart a trajectory from deconstruction to embodiment in the intellectual history of Buddhist traditions in Tibet. I focus on embodiment as a participatory approach to radically deconstructed and unthematized meaning, in contrast to an interpretation of truth as purely an analytic category or an approach to meaning that deals with values, such as emptiness, as simply truth claims or representations. I show how certain Buddhists in Tibet have represented the meaning of emptiness as a uniquely participatory encounter in such a way that its meaning is necessarily embodied. To speak of it otherwise, I argue, is to misrepresent its meaning fundamentally. An important way that the embodiment of emptiness is formulated is through the discourses of buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). I show how Tibetan interpretations of Buddha-nature reflect postmodern concerns about metaphysics and onto-theology.
Thermospheric density oscillations due to periodic solar wind high- speed streams

[1] We report on periodic oscillations in thermosphere density, measured by the accelerometer on the CHAMP satellite during 2006, and relate these periodicities to oscillations observed in solar wind speed and Kp index. Common periodic oscillations at 4–5, 6–7, and 9–11 day periods are observed in the neutral density at 400 km in the 2006 data set, with the 7 day period being the predominant oscillation. Spectral analysis reveals that similar periodicities are present in both the solar wind and the planetary magnetic index Kp but not in the EUV solar flux proxy F10.7. We suggest that the periodic oscillations observed in thermosphere density are a direct response to recurrent geomagnetic activity and associated high-speed streams in the solar wind. The lack of response in F10.7 at the 7 day period enables storm effects on the thermosphere density to be isolated from solar flux effects. The Kp index for these events correspond to moderate levels of geomagnetic activity, and the resultant perturbations in thermosphere density are ±20–30% of background levels. Although these levels of perturbation are small compared to major magnetic storms, their much higher occurrence frequency and characteristic long recovery time may lead to a cumulative effect on the state of the thermosphere and ionosphere.
A prediction study in perceptual and evaluative mapping

The study tests the ability of MDS model to predict individual preferences for new items introduced into a calibration-type similarities space. Towards this a small scale experiment involving various types of similarities and preference judgments was conducted. The results of the study show that the ideal point model fails to account for subjects' preference rankings of test items. The report discusses the study results and offers directions for future research.
Process and Product in ESL Program Evaluation.

A traditional distinction in the literature on program evaluation is that between formative and summative evaluation (Scriven 1967). It is argued here, however, that a process/product distinction is important, too. Process evaluation, in particular, addresses issues which are often ignored by formative studies, but which are of special interest where second language programs are concerned. Process evaluations can usefully draw upon the procedures and findings of classroom-centered research on language learning,
Polarization near isobaric analogue resonances

Abstract For the purpose of analysing isobaric analogue resonances, a single-level resonance formula has been incorporated into nuclear scattering amplitudes found with an optical-model potential. The inclusion of the resonance term leads to polarization magnitudes that are easily measurable. By observing the variation of the polarization near the resonance energy, the j-value of the resonance can be definitely assigned. The method is applicable for resonances with partial widths as low as 5–10% of the total width. Because the j-value of the resonance can be extracted even with a very crude polarization experiment, an important new spectroscopic tool is available for finding the j-value of such levels. Examples of data and theoretical polarization curves for various medium to heavy nuclei are given.
Recent developments in polymerization by an alternating intra‐intermolecular mechanism

Recent developments in polymerization by an alternating intra-intermolecular mechanism are summarized and discussed briefly. The methods used to prove the structure of typical polymers, which in turn established the mechanism of polymerization, are reviewed. A study of larger ring formation by Marvel and Garrison is also summarized. Ring of sizes from 7 to 21 members were formed from α-diolefins in yields of from 4 to 25%. A study of certain unsymmetrical dienes has shown that cyclization occurs in yields up to 60%, but that gelation eventually occurs because of the difference in relative reactivities of the two olefinic double bonds. Copolymerization of certain 1,4-dienes with certain olefins to produce linear copolymers containing six-membered rings is discussed. In an effort to explain the strong driving force to close a six-membered ring during polymerization of 1,6-diolefins, a pronounced interaction between the double bonds, which can be represented by several resonance forms of the molecule, is proposed.
The role of proprioception in the perception and control of human movement: toward a theoretical reassessment.

The theoretical role of proprioception in the perception and control of human movement is elusive because of the obvious inability to manipulate experimentally the various receptive systems. Individuals who have had the metacarpophalangeal joint and joint capsule removed and replaced with silastic inserts afford a unique opportunity to evaluate a principal source of proprioception, namely, slowly adapting joint afferents. In a set of experiments, we show that such individuals show no deficits in finger localization following joint replacement. We take this and other complementary findings as a preliminary basis for proposing a dynamic rather than kinematic account of movement production. In addition, we provide a reconceptualization of the function of proprioceptive information in the CNS. Our arguments focus on proprioceptive inputs as tuning or modulating interneuronal pools rather than providing dimension-pecific information to the brain, as is commonly assumed.
Choosing the Optimal Contact Force Distribution for Multi-Limbed Mobile Robots With Three Feet Contact

One of the inherent problems of multi-limbed mobile robotic systems is the problem of multi-contact force distribution; the contact forces and moments at the feet required to support it and those required by its tasks are indeterminate. A new strategy for choosing an optimal solution for the contact force distribution of multi-limbed robots with three feet in contact with the environment in three-dimensional space is presented. The optimal solution is found using a two-step approach: first finding the description of the entire solution space for the contact force distribution for a statically stable stance under friction constraints, and then choosing an optimal solution in this solution space which maximizes the objectives given by the chosen optimization criteria. An incremental strategy of opening up the friction cones is developed to produce the optimal solution which is defined as the one whose foot contact force vector is closest to the surface normal vector for robustness against slipping. The procedure is aided by using the “force space graph” which indicates where this solution is positioned in the solution space to give insight into the quality of the chosen solution and to provide robustness against disturbances. The “margin against slip with contact point priority” approach is also presented which finds an optimal solution with different priorities given to each foot contact point for the case when one foot is more critical than the other. Examples are presented to illustrate certain aspects of the method and ideas for other optimization criteria are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Effects of maintenance amitriptyline and psychotherapy on symptoms of depression.

Depressives responding to initial treatment were maintained on amitriptyline for eight months, withdrawn double-blind to placebo after two months, or withdrawn overtly onto no medication. In each group half the patients received weekly psychotherapy and half were seen, once monthly. Effects on symptom ratings were examined. Maintenance amitriptyline gave a significant advantage over early withdrawal in preventing symptom recrudescence. There were no differences between double-blind or overt withdrawal. There were no interactions between drug withdrawal and psychotherapy. Psychotherapy produced no significant advantages over low contact on symptoms, although it did improve social adjustment ratings reported elsewhere.
Design of a new class of microwave biasing networks with modal-matching properties

A new four-port microwave-biasing network with modal-matching properties is presented. The new network can be used to bias differential circuits and has a high common-mode rejection ratio, which is frequency-independent. It is comprised of a pair of Marchand baluns intermediated by a filtering stage with an overall physical size that can be predetermined as a design parameter. The design procedure is based on the exact synthesis of a filter prototype with a prescribed set of transmission zeros. The new network was implemented on a printed circuit board and used to bias a pseudo-differential amplifier. The measured performance of the sub-system configuration demonstrated low common-mode gain over a broad bandwidth as theoretically predicted.
Clinical and Molecular Prognostic Factors in Sphincter-Preserving Surgery for Rectal Cancer

As many as a third of patients with rectal cancers may be candidates for sphincter preservation surgery. The goal of the conservative management of adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum is to preserve rectal sphincter function without sacrificing local tumor control. To achieve this goal, a combined modality approach is necessary because multimodality therapy for more advanced disease has improved both local control and survival. Candidates for local excision are those with adenocarcinomas with a maximal diameter of less than 4 cm, mobile, and not poorly differentiated or mucinous and within 10 cm of the anal verge—usually within 6 cm. These criteria should be defined objectively by biopsy combined with state-of-the-art endorectal imaging Newer molecular markers that are associated with prognosis and response to therapy may also be important for assessing prognosis, probability of local recurrence, and whether conservative treatment is appropriate. Patients with T0-3 NO lesions meeting these standard clinicopathologic criteria have been treated successfully with wide local excision combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients with larger or more advanced lesions may undergo low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis. After resection, radiotherapy to at least 45 to 50 Ty is delivered to the pelvis and tumor bed often with concomitant chemotherapy. The overall rate of local failure in prospective single-institution trials in which local excision is performed with postoperative chemoradiotherapy has been 5% for T1 lesions, 7% for T2 lesions and 24% for T3 lesions. Although single-institution studies have supported the concept of conservative therapy, the safety and efficacy of this approach must still be confirmed in a multicenter, prospective trial, such as that underway in several of the cooperative oncology groups, before it may be considered a standard of practice.
Interracial Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance

As late as the 1960s, states could legally punish minorities who either had sex with or married persons outside of their racial groups. In this first comprehensive study of the legal regulation of interracial relationships, Rachel Moran grapples with the consequences of that history, candidly confronting its profound effects on not only conceptions of race and identity, but on ideas about sex, marriage and family.
Concept analysis of relating: a human response pattern.

TOPIC.An investigation of relating, one of the nine human response patterns, used as the conceptual basis for the classification of nursing diagnoses. PURPOSE.A formal linguistic analysis of each of the nine human response patterns is warranted in order to allow a continuation of the exploration, definition, and development of research-based practice based on the NANDA framework. SOURCE.“Human Response Patterns” developed by NANDA, historical foundations of the concept of relating, the use of this construct by nursing and other disciplines. CONCLUSIONS.Concept analysis of relating resulted in conceptual and operational definitions. The efficacy of further developing nursing's taxonomic tree on the nine human response patterns has been advanced.
Selection for residual feed intake alters the mitochondria protein profile in pigs.

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is a production efficiency measurement used to account for the growth performance of an individual animal. Less efficient animals have greater levels of oxidative stress. A major source of in vivo oxidative stress is the mitochondria. In this study the protein profile of mitochondria was investigated to determine differences between pigs genetically selected for high and low RFI (less and more efficient, respectively). Mitochondria were isolated from the red and white portions of the semitendinosus muscle (STR and STW respectively), from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, and the liver from pigs (n = 24, 12 per line) genetically selected for low or high RFI. Mitochondrial protein differences between lines were determined using 2-D DIGE, and spots were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and HSP70, which have been linked to anti-apoptotic pathways in the mitochondria, were increased in the low RFI line. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1 α (ERO1α) was decreased in LD mitochondria from the low RFI line. The protein profile of mitochondria from the more efficient pigs indicates an increase in anti-oxidant defenses and potential modifications of metabolic pathways leading to oxidative stress, metabolism, and cellular repair. Biological significance Observed shifts in the mitochondria protein profile indicate that pigs divergently selected for low residual feed intake (RFI) may be less prone to muscular oxidative stress, and the liver may have a greater metabolic capacity when compared to their less efficient high RFI contemporaries. Both oxidative stress and metabolic capacity are key areas of interest with regard to increasing the efficiency of pork production. Through the use of divergent selection for RFI and investigation of protein profile and other biological differences between RFI lines of pigs, it is possible to determine biological pathways that affect efficiency of food production.
Moving Towards Library 3.0: Taking Management Basics into the Future

What's in a name? Web 3.0 currently does not exist, yet it seems inevitable because moving from Web 1.0 to 2.0 happened in what seems to be a split second. Oftentimes, it seems as if there is insuf...
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity : A case for pure tourette syndrome?

More than a decade of research regarding the motoric characteristics of the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that accompanies Tourette syndrome has revealed unique anatomic and neurobehavioral differences and highlighted the importance of distinguishing children with this form from the 40% of children with Tourette syndrome who do not have ADHD. This distinction is important in providing guidance to parents and to patients and in formulating expectations for short- and long-term prognoses. In addition, study methodologies that fail to categorize patients in this way and instead involve covarying for dimensional symptoms of ADHD obscure biologically distinctive circuits and clinically meaningful patient characteristics.
Anesthesiologists Recovering From Chemical Dependency: Can They Safely Return to the Operating Room?

In the current issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Berge et al1 review the challenges associated with identifying and treating chemically dependent physicians. The authors inform readers that the nature of this dependency can vary, in part, by medical specialties and practice locations and that the risk of death from dependency is associated with the drugs used in clinical practice. We explore these issues in some detail, as well as the health and professional outcomes of chemically dependent anesthesiologists who have completed a treatment program. In our final analysis, we intend to provide a literature-based assessment of whether once-addicted anesthesiologists should, under any circumstances, be allowed to return to operating room-based anesthesia practice.
A comparison of clinical trial enrollment between adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients treated at affiliated adult and pediatric oncology centers.

PurposeOver the past 30 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the survival rates of younger pediatric cancer patients in contrast to adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients. The reasons for this discrepancy are multifactorial, but it is clear that clinical trial enrollment correlat
Further studies on the question of the patency of saccules in outer segments of vertebrate photoreceptors.

Abstract The connectivity of saccules of vertebrate outer segments to the extracellular compartment was explored. When glutaraldehyde fixed, detached retinas of monkeys, pigeons, rats and mice were exposed to lanthanum colloid, saccules within cones of monkeys and pigeons were penetrated and also some within very rare, possible cones of rats and mice. No rod saccules infiltrated. When detached retinas of rats and frogs and attached retinas of rabbits were exposed to 1 per cent ferritn suspensions, prior to fixation, the subsequently fixed material only revealed ferritin in the saccules of frog cones. The limitations of the tests and their significance are discussed.
Analysis of the effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the dynamic response of electrically conductive composites

Abstract The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the dynamic mechanical response of electrically conductive anisotropic plates are studied. The analysis is based on the simultaneous solving of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations that include equations of motion and Maxwell’s equations. Physics-based hypotheses for electro-magneto-mechanical coupling in anisotropic composite plates and dimension reduction solution procedures for the nonlinear system of the governing equations are presented. A numerical solution procedure for the resulting two-dimensional nonlinear system of the governing equations has been developed and consists of the sequential application of time and spatial integration and quasilinearization. The developed methodology is applied to the problem of the dynamic response of a long current-carrying unidirectional carbon fiber polymer matrix composite plate subjected to transverse impact load and in-plane pulsed electromagnetic load. The interacting effects of the pulsed electric current, external magnetic field, and mechanical load are studied.
Observations of Flame Behavior in a Laboratory-Scale Premixed Natural Gas/Air Gas Turbine Combustor From Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements of OH, Laser Doppler Anemometer Velocity Measurements, and Coherent Anti-Stokes Roman Spectrometer Temperature Measurements

Instantaneous planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of OH, simultaneous axial/radial and axial/tangential velocity measurements with an LDA (laser Doppler anemometer), and instantaneous gas temperature measurements using a coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrometer (CARS) were obtained in a pre-mixed, swirl-stabilized laboratory-scale combustor, fired with natural gas. Four operating conditions were examined (two swirl conditions and equivalence ratios of 0.80 and 0.65). The instantaneous PLIF images of OH illustrate the chaotic nature of the turbulent flame eddies. Mean and standard deviations of each variable were measured at different locations in the flame, along with probability density functions. Stability of the flame at each condition is related to measurements in the central and side recirculation zones.
Fabrication of Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Structures for Pharmaceutical Applications using Electron beam and Optical Lithography

Soft-polymer based microparticles are currently being applied in many biomedical applications, ranging from bioimaging and bioassays to drug delivery carriers. As one class of soft-polymers, hydrogels are materials, which can be used for delivering drug cargoes and can be fabricated in controlled sizes. Among the various hydrogel-forming polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel systems are widely used due to their negligible toxicity and limited immunogenic recognition. Physical and chemical properties of particles (i.e., particle size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) are known to play an important role in cell-particle recognition and response. To understand the role of physicochemical properties of PEG-based hydrogel structures on cells, it is important to have geometrically precise and uniform hydrogel structures. To fabricate geometrically uniform structures, we have employed electron beam lithography (EBL) and ultra-violet optical lithography (UVL) using PEG or PEG diacrylate polymers. These hydrogel structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirming control of chemistry, size, and shape.
Mapping gene activity in complex disorders: Integration of expression and genomic scans for multiple sclerosis

Genetic predisposition contributes to the pathogenesis of most common diseases. Genetic studies have been extremely successful in the identification of genes responsible for a number of Mendelian disorders. However, with a few exceptions, genes predisposing to diseases with complex inheritance remain unknown despite multiple efforts. In this article we collected detailed information for all genome-wide genetic screens performed to date in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and integrated these results with those from all high throughput gene expression studies in humans and mice. We analyzed a total of 55 studies. We found that differentially expressed genes (DEG) are not uniformly distributed in the genome, but rather appear in clusters. Furthermore, these clusters significantly differ from the known heterogeneous organization characteristic of eukaryotic gene distributions. We also identified regions of susceptibility that overlapped with clusters of DEG leading to the prioritization of candidate genes. Integration of genomic and transcriptional information is a powerful tool to dissect genetic susceptibility in complex multifactorial disorders like MS.
An Experimental Study of Faculty Advising

This study examined the effect on a group of college freshmen of releasing faculty members from part of their teaching assignment to devote more time to academic advising. 60 men and 60 women were randomly selected from the Macalester College freshman class and were randomly assigned to 6 faculty members, each of whom was released from 1 of the 3 courses he would ordinarily have taught. The remaining 400 freshmen, whose faculty advisers had a full teaching load, were the control group. Data indicated that the students in the experimental group were more likely to discuss course planning, career planning, and study problems with their advisers. There was a slightly higher retention rate among women in the experimental group, and there were significant differences on two scales of the College and University Environment Scales between experimental and control group women. No differences were found between the 2 groups in grade-point average.
Prolonged coma and isoelectric electroencephalogram in a child with lysinuric protein intolerance

1. Price RA, and Jamieson PA: The central nervous system in childhood leukemia. II. Subacute encephalopathy, Cancer 35: 306, 1975. 2. Kay HEM, Knapton PJ, O'Sullivan JP, et al: Encephalopathy in acute leukemia associated with methotrexate, Arch Dis Child 47:344, 1972. 3. Rubinstein LJ, Herman MM, Long TF, and Wilbur JR: Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy: A compliCation of treated central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma, Cancer 35:291, 1975. 4. Hendin B, DeVivo DC, Torack R, et al: Parenchymatous degeneration of the central nervous system in childhood leukemia, Cancer 33:468, 1974. 5. Rubinstein LJ, Herman MM, Long TF, and Wilbur JR: Leukoencephalopathy following combined therapy of central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma, Acta Neuropath (Berlin) Suppl VI: 251, 1975. 6. Bresnan MJ, Gilles FH, Lorenzo AV, et al: Leukoencephalopathy following cranial irradiation and intraventricular methotrexate therapy of brain tumors in childhood, Trans Am Neurol Assoc 97:204, 1972. 7. Norrell H, Wilson CB, Slagel DE, and Clark DB: Leukoencephalopathy following the administration of methotrexate into the cerebrospinal fluid in the treatment of primary brain tumors, Cancer 33:923, 1974. 8. Shapiro WR, Chernik NL, and Posner JB: Necrotizing encephalopathy following intraventricular instillation of methotrexate, Arch Neurol 28:96, 1973. 9. New PFJ, and Scott WR: Computed tomography of the brain and orbit (EM1 scanning), Baltimore, 1975, The Williams & Wilkins 9
A two-dimensional transmission line matrix microwave field simulator using new concepts and procedures

A two-dimensional field simulator for microwave circuit modeling is described. It incorporates a number of recently developed concepts and advanced transmission line matrix (TLM) procedures. In particular, a discrete Green's function concept based on P.B. John's and K. Akhlarzad's time-domain diakoptics is realized, providing a high level of processing power through modularization of large structures at the field level, simulation of wideband matched loads or absorbing walls, modeling of frequency-dispersive boundaries in the time domain, and large-scale numerical preprocessing of passive structures. Nonlinear field modeling concepts are also implemented in the TLM field simulator. It can analyze two-dimensional circuits of arbitrary geometry containing both linear and nonlinear media. The circuit topology is input graphically. Both time-domain and frequency-domain responses can be computed and displayed. The capabilities and limitations of the simulator are discussed, and several microstrip and waveguide components are modeled to demonstrate its important features. >
Feature tracking and matching in video using programmable graphics hardware

This paper describes novel implementations of the KLT feature tracking and SIFT feature extraction algorithms that run on the graphics processing unit (GPU) and is suitable for video analysis in real-time vision systems. While significant acceleration over standard CPU implementations is obtained by exploiting parallelism provided by modern programmable graphics hardware, the CPU is freed up to run other computations in parallel. Our GPU-based KLT implementation tracks about a thousand features in real-time at 30 Hz on 1,024 × 768 resolution video which is a 20 times improvement over the CPU. The GPU-based SIFT implementation extracts about 800 features from 640 × 480 video at 10 Hz which is approximately 10 times faster than an optimized CPU implementation.
Computer simulation study of the permeability of a porous sediment model.

A computer simulation model is used to study the permeability of fluid flow through porous media generated by the random distribution of the sediments in a two-dimensional lattice. Fluid particles are confined to pore space with the sediments forming the rigid barriers at the pore boundaries. An interaction between the fluid particles and the pore substrate is introduced to incorporate the additional drag in the pore space. The pressure gradient causes a bias to drive the fluid and the Metropolis algorithm is used to hop the fluid particles. The permeability of this system is studied as a function of the global pressure, the concentration of the fluid particles, and the porosity. The permeability shows a nonmonotonic dependence on the fluid concentration and on the driving bias. The fluid particles exhibit unusual transport behavior as the ramification of the porous media is enhanced and the bias is increased.
Fluorescence tomography in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease

Noninvasive molecular imaging of amyloid plaques in murine Alzheimer's disease models would accelerate drug development and basic Alzheimer's research. Amyloid plaques differ from traditional fluorescent targets in size and spatial distribution and therefore present a unique challenge for biomarker development and tomography. To study imaging feasibility and establish biomarker criteria, we developed a digital mouse head model from a 100 mm-resolution, digital, segmented mouse atlas1. The cortical region of the brain was filled with a spatially uniform distribution of plaques that had different fluorescent properties from the surrounding brain tissue, similar to current transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Fluorescence was simulated with a Monte Carlo algorithm using different plaque densities, detection geometries, and background fluorescence. Our preliminary results demonstrated that shielding effects might require nonlinear reconstruction algorithms and that background fluorescence would seriously hinder quantitative burden estimation. The Monte Carlo based approach presented here offers a powerful way to study the feasibility of non-invasive imaging in murine Alzheimer's models and to optimize experimental conditions.
Automatic baseline correction of vibrational circular dichroism spectra.

A three-phase, computational method for the baseline correction of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra has been proposed. In the first phase the raw spectrum is subdivided into m segments (or regions) resulting in p rough estimates of the baseline. A second phase uses gradient characteristics to discriminate between baseline and band response for each baseline, in turn. In the final phase all baselines are interrogated simultaneously by assigning the median estimate of each differential response's distribution to the true baseline. Using VCD spectra of (R)-camphor as test cases, this work demonstrated that the accurate removal of baseline components is readily achievable with minimal user intervention. Baseline correction also demonstrated flexibility in that prior information, such as the symmetry of a baseline-free VCD spectrum, is readily used during the correction protocol. Although three adjustable parameters are present in the base algorithm, optimal performance and full automation were attainable following the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze simulated bipolar spectra. These ANOVAs suggested that band point discrimination could be discarded and the remaining two default parameters adopted.
Educating Adaptable Minds: How Diversified Are the Thinking Preferences of Interior Design Students?

This study profiled the thinking style preferences of undergraduate interior design students to assess their propensity for employing a wide range of thinking processes. Do interior design students comfortably adapt their thinking across styles or do more entrenched patterns exist within the population? The Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument was administered to 81 undergraduate interior design students from two programs accredited by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation. Findings indicated that interior design students prefer conceptual, integrative, and expressive modes of thinking but may overlook or avoid analytical, critical, and logical modes. Adaptability between modes of thinking was consistent with normative populations. Educational implications and curricular strategies are discussed.
THE NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PAIRED CENTRIFUGAL PENDULUM VIBRATION ABSORBERS

Abstract The dynamic response of a pair of identical centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers is considered. Of particular interest here is the effectiveness of using non-linear behavior to simultaneously reduce torsional vibrations in rotating machines that arise from external torques consisting of multiple harmonics. The equations of motion for the coupled absorber/rotary system are given in which the absorbers are allowed to undergo finite amplitude motions. The Method of Multiple Scales (MMS) is applied to the second order to achieve approximate steady-state solutions of these equations. It is found that the pair of absorbers are capable of simultaneously cancelling two harmonics when the absorber damping is kept small, although higher order harmonics may be amplified. This is achieved by a bifurcation of the unison motion of the absorbers to a motion with a relative phase shift and an amplitude difference. Due to this bifurcation, the performance of the absorber pair is superior to that of a single absorber having the same total inertia. This study focuses on the analytical aspects of the problem and simulation verification of the results.
Studying Herbal Remedies

How plausible, Dr. Wallace Sampson asks, are claims that echinacea, or purple coneflower, a perennial that is native to North America, is an effective treatment for viral respiratory disease?
STUDY ON ACCURACY OF 1-DEGREE DEM VERSUS TOPOGRAPHIC COMPLEXITY USING GIS ZONAL ANALYSIS

Zonal analysis in geographic information systems is a useful and convenient tool to study the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) in terms of topographic complexity, which is defined in this paper as the change in terrain slope or slope change. The accuracy of the U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree DEM over two test areas is studied by comparing it with the USGS 7.5-min DEM. The statistical quantities of the DEM errors are studied and modeled using various mathematical functions. It is shown that the standard deviation of the 1-degree DEM can be largely approximated with a linear function of the slope change, while its minimum and maximum errors remain almost unchanged and occur in all slope change zones as a behavior independent of the terrain complexity.
STONE ORIENTATION AND STONE COUNT DATA FROM THE LOWER TILL SHEET, EASTERN DURHAM

Summary Although numerous glacial striae have been observed in upland areas where the glacial deposits are thin, relatively few records of their occurrence are known from the thickly drift-covered parts of eastern Durham, and those that have been described present no consistent pattern of ice movement. The study of samples from the Lower Till sheet of east Durham by both stone orientation analysis and stone count analysis indicates a general direction of ice movement from west-north-west to east-south-east. The results illustrate the value of using different and unrelated techniques in the solution of glacial problems.
Two Renal Tumors in Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus)

Renal tumors were found in two cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) about 1 year old. One tumor was intimately associated with the kidney and consisted of isolated ductular and tubular structures within an abundant connective tissue stroma and was diagnosed as a hamartoma of urogenital origin. The second was composed of epithelial cells arranged as alveolar structures with papillary projections, epithelium that was less differentiated into tubules and ducts, and neoplastic epithelial cells in solid sheets. The diagnosis of renal adenocarcinoma was based on the histologic features as metastasis had not occurred.
Structure and Function: Family Organization and Socialization in a Jamaican Community1

THE purpose of this paper is to illustrate the proposition, through the analysis of a single sociocultural system, that personality processes manifest in the bearers of a culture at any given point in time are functions of the history of that culture, and that, similarly, these processes are indispensable to an understanding of the relationships existing between contemporary cultural form and antecedent historical conditions. In previous publications (1955a, 1955c) I described the culture of a Jamaican community, one of the outstanding characteristics of which is an intense economic and status rivalry centering about individual amassment and retention of wealth. Competition is between individuals rather than between nuclear families, for the ubiquitous individuating forces within the community in general also affect familial ties. The community is further marked by lack of a "sense of community," by a general absence of leadership and authority arising from within the group, by repetitive resort to sorcery ("obeah"), and by perennial accusations and suspicions of sorcery. There is a marked lack of kin-group or other solidarity, and ties are extremely weak and diffuse throughout. These are cultural and structural phenomena, but they are equally psychological and characterological processes which are acquired in the course of socialization. This paper will attempt to demonstrate that many of the significant areas of socialization for behavior in this community are functions of its historically determined structure of family organization. It has long been recognized that the varieties of family organization in contemporary New World Negro cultures represent the end-products of one of the most dramatic acculturative situations in recorded history. Most investigators agree that these family organizations have their primary historical antecedents in the experience of slavery, specifically, in the impermanence of family life during slavery (Frazier 1951:8-32; Henriques 1949:30-31; Leyburn 1949:177-78; Simey 1946:48-49). Herskovits' opposing views (1941: 167-72; 1948:553-55) need no recapitulation at this point. The most striking feature arising from this unique historical process is the fact that "it is undoubtedly the woman who is the linchpin in the organization of the Negro family in the New World in general and in the Caribbean in particular" (Simey 1946:43). The traditional centrality of the mother's position in the New World Negro family is best understood when viewed alongside the loss during slavery of the family institution as the context of procreation; both can be seen as the outgrowths of mutally reinforcing social and economic forces. "No matter how far
Perceptions of risk to patient safety in the pediatric ICU, a study of American pediatric intensivists

Abstract Introduction There is no study yet of the perception of risk in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) physicians. The purpose of this study is to characterize these perceptions with respect to frequency and importance. Methods The study is a cross sectional survey of physician members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine who report caring for critically ill children. Perceived frequency and importance of risks to patient safety across 11 domains in the pediatric ICU was obtained through a validated survey. Mean problem score was tested for trend across frequency categories. Results 140 responses were obtained from 199 opened email invitations (73%) and 822 total emails (17%). The survey was internally valid with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.87. The most frequent risks to patient safety occurred in areas of ineffective communication, inadequate training and orientation, and poor hand hygiene. The most problematic risk domains were ineffective communication, healthcare acquired infections, inadequate training and orientation, and medication error. For most risk categories, as the perceived risk frequency increased, the mean perceived problem score of that risk decreased, excepting hand hygiene (p = 0.96) and central line infections (p = 0.27). Conclusions Risks related to communication, training and orientation, and hand hygiene are perceived as frequent. Risks related to communication, healthcare acquired infections, training and orientation, and medication errors are perceived as the most important. Variance in attitude toward these risks is significant for most domains. Understanding variance will be important in changing human behavior related to risk in the PICU.
Multiuser detection with an unknown number of users

This correspondence studies the problem of separating a signal of interest from co-channel interference for the situation when the number of co-channel users and their channels are unknown. We devise a novel approach to this problem based on a trained statistical mixture model. Numerical results illustrate that the new method can outperform conventional training-based multiuser detection.
Brand equity or double jeopardy

Discusses and contrasts the theories of double jeopardy and brand equity. A model of attitudes, habit, brand loyalty and brand equity outcomes is proposed in order to reconcile the two theories. Results of a study designed to test the model are presented. Results indicate support for both theories of brand equity and double jeopardy since both direct and indirect relationships were found between attitudes/habit and brand equity outcomes. The indirect relationships were mediated by the concept of brand loyalty. Implications for managers are discussed.