cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Language Demands of Schooling: Nouns in Academic Registers:

Developing academic, or school-based, literacy poses a significant challenge for many students, because the language through which academic subjects are presented is markedly different from the social language that students use in everyday ordinary life. This article focuses on one aspect of academic language, the functions of nouns and nominal structures in constructing knowledge in different subject areas and the challenges they present for comprehension of academic texts. Using a functional linguistics framework and analyzing written texts from language arts, science, and history, at elementary and secondary levels, we illustrate the ways nominal expressions expand the amount of information in a clause, establish and maintain reference, and enable information to be distilled and further expanded. We also show how the semantic features of the nominal elements vary in different academic registers, as texts introduce grammatical “participants” of different types according to the purposes of the text. We s...
Control of flow over a cylinder using rotational oscillations

Abstract In this work, we focus on two-dimensional, incompressible viscous channel flow over an infinitely long cylinder and examine the effect of controlled rotational cylinder oscillation in reducing the drag exerted on the cylinder. Based on an analysis of the open-loop simulations, a control system is designed that automatically determines the frequency of cylinder oscillation, based on the Reynolds number, to consistently reduce the drag exerted on the cylinder for Reynolds numbers in the range 100–500.
Information Technology in Higher Education: Tensions and Barriers

Over the last few decades, higher education has been increasing its reliance on information technology (Price, Richardson, & Jelfs, 2007; Richardson, 2005). This trend has taken place in spite of a...
Cultural Psychopathology: Uncovering the Social World of Mental Illness

We review cultural psychopathology research since Kleinman's (1988) important review with the goals of updating past reviews, evaluating current conceptualizations and methods, and identifying emerging substantive trends. Conceptual advances are noted, particularly developments in the definition of culture and the examination of both culture-specific and cultural-general processes. The contributions of the Culture and Diagnosis Task Force for DSM-IV and the World Mental Health Report are reviewed and contrasted. Selected research on anxiety, schizophrenia, and childhood disorders is examined, with particular attention given to the study of ataque de nervios, social factors affecting the course of schizophrenia, and cross-national differences in internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Within the last ten years, cultural psychopathology research has become a significant force. Its focus on the social world holds promise to make significant inroads in reducing suffering and improving people's everyday lives.
Theoretical contributions to a program of research promoting postpartum health

There is a need for interventions that address postpartum fatigue and sleep problems. Of the women who experience this, few receive the needed nursing care during the weeks after childbirth when severe postpartum fatigue and poor sleep are most prevalent. These health problems are significant not only for the well-being of the new mother, but for her infant and other family members. This article outlines four steps in applying theory in research, using a "top-down and bottom-up" approach to develop a nursing intervention for self-management of postpartum fatigue and sleep.
Partially coherent optical beams

It is known that only a single-mode beam is completely spatially coherent. In general, beams generated by lasers and other sources consist of several modes and consequently are spatially only partially coherent. In this tutorial paper we first review the basic concepts which are needed to characterize beams of any state of coherence. We then discuss some of their main properties and we show that partially coherent beams can have very rich behavior. For example, two beams may have different spatial coherence properties at the source and yet may give rise to the same intensity distribution in the far zone; or they may have different intensity distributions at the source but may generate far fields with the same spatial coherence properties. We also discuss some recent developments which have demonstrated that the superposition of two beams with broad spectra (low temporal coherence) may result in a light distribution with a completely different spectrum; and that, moreover, the spectrum may be different at different points in the region of superposition. Both theoretical predictions and their experimental verifications are discussed.
Successful Implementation of a Student Nurse Externship Program

A student nurse externship program can be a highly effective recruitment tool for hospitals attempting to attract prospective professional nurses. The externship is a way to develop a relationship with junior nursing students entering their senior year of nursing education. The relationships that nursing students develop with nursing departments, mentors, and managers strongly influence students’ employment decisions after graduation, even more than salary and shift. Memorial Medical Center is completing its third successful year of producing a student nurse externship. The success of an externship depends on careful preplanning, discriminating selection of participants, and close attention to the relationships between externs, mentors, and managers.
Making Preliminary Radiographic Reports Available to Referring Clinicians: Current Status

Rationale and Objectives To investigate current practice regarding the release of resident’s preliminary imaging reports to physicians providing clinical care to patients. The second objective was to evaluate compliance with the American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guidelines. Materials and Methods With the assistance of the Society of Chairman of Academic Radiology Departments (SCARD), a survey was sent to its members. This survey asked if members felt that residents’ preliminary reports should be released to referring physicians. If yes, the survey requested information as to how this was done and the mechanism by which the referring physicians were informed that the report was preliminary. Results Twenty-eight surveys were completed. Twenty-five respondents felt that preliminary reports should always be made easily available to referring physicians; three did not. In 25 of 28 institutions, the referring clinicians can obtain preliminary information by talking to the trainee face-to-face or by phone. In 12 institutions, clinicians could obtain preliminary reports by phoning into the hospital dictation system and listening to the dictated report. Twenty-six of the 28 institutions permit referring clinicians to obtain preliminary reports by viewing/reading these reports in picture archiving and communication system (PACS) or hospital information system (HIS) systems, before they are finalized. Conclusions Almost all academic radiology departments responding to this survey do make electronic trainee reports available to referring clinicians. Compliance with ACR guidelines is good, but not perfect. Most institutions no longer provide the ability to listen to the dictation.
Controlling nucleic acid secondary structure by intercalation: effects of DNA strand length on coralyne-driven duplex disproportionation

Small molecules that intercalate in DNA and RNA are powerful agents for controlling nucleic acid structural transitions. We recently demonstrated that coralyne, a small crescent-shaped molecule, can cause the complete and irreversible disproportionation of duplex poly(dA)*poly(dT) into triplex poly(dA)*poly(dT)*poly(dT) and a poly(dA) self-structure. Both DNA secondary structures that result from duplex disproportionation are stabilized by coralyne intercalation. In the present study, we show that the kinetics and thermodynamics of coralyne-driven duplex disproportionation strongly depend on oligonucleotide length. For example, disproportionation of duplex (dA)16*(dT)16 by coralyne reverts over the course of hours if the sample is maintained at 4 degrees C. Coralyne-disproportioned (dA)32. (dT)(32), on the other hand, only partially reverts to the duplex state over the course of days at the same temperature. Furthermore, the equilibrium state of a (dA)16*(dT)16 sample in the presence of coralyne at room temperature contains three different secondary structures [i.e. duplex, triplex and the (dA)16 self-structure]. Even the well-studied process of triplex stabilization by coralyne binding is found to be a length-dependent phenomenon and more complicated than previously appreciated. Together these observations indicate that at least one secondary structure in our nucleic acid system [i.e. duplex, triplex or (dA)n self-structure] binds coralyne in a length-dependent manner.
Towards a more synthetic view of evolution

The 21st century will be the century of biology, and evolutionary biology will be the linchpin. Yes, this is a bold statement, but it is certainly in keeping with Dobzhansky's famous dictum about evolution. Dobzhansky was one of the major architects of the Modern Synthesis. This book by Schlichting and Pigliucci (SP the Final Synthesis is just gathering steam. Note that these dates are just rough guides and not meant to imply that significant work did not occur outside those periods. What is critical is that within these periods the relevant disciplines all become focussed on the same research program. We are now in the midst of this final joining of biological disciplines. This joining, if history is a guide, will take the next couple of decades. This joining will be driven from the evolutionary side. It is the evolutionary side within which the disciplines are linked by a synthetic theory. The molecular side is primarily linked by a shared set of techniques and a viewpoint that centers all questions ultimately on DNA sequences. Because the evolution side is much more theory driven, that is where synthetic concepts tend to arise. This book by S&P is an excellent example of such theorydriven synthesis. Also, if truth be told, as a whole evolutionary biologists tend to have a larger perspective than those in many other biological disciplines. Looking back on the Modern Synthesis is useful for the task ahead (Mayr and Provine, 1980). In particular, if we learn anything from that episode in our history, we
The Invariant Measure and the Probability Density Function

The invariant measure of the stochastic Navier–Stokes equation determines all the one-point statistics of turbulence, or the statistics of quantities defined at one point x in the flow. This quantity determines all the statistical properties of the turbulent velocity field, see [56], and in distinction to the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation, the invariant measure satisfies a linear but a functional differential equation; see [56]. In fact Hopf [29] found a linear equation for the characteristic function (Fourier transform) of the invariant measure in 1952, but at that time methods for solving such an equation were not available. In Hopf’s equation the noise for fully developed turbulence was missing, but in Kolmogorov’s equation for the invariant measure the noise is always supplied. Since only the linearized Navier–Stokes equation (2.38) appears below in the Kolmogorov–Hopf equation for the invariant measure, we will think about the linearized Navier–Stokes equation as the infinite-dimensional Ito process, whose generator gives the Kolmogorov–Hopf equation. Thus associated with such an Ito process is a diffusion equation, a linear functional differential equation, that is the Kolmogorov–Hopf equation determining the invariant measure. We will now derive this equation. This will make clear how to compute the coefficients in the Kolmogorov–Hopf equation.
Long-term recovery from acute cold shock in Caenorhabditis elegans

Animals are exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses that can cause potentially fatal cellular damage. The ability to survive the period of stress as well as to repair any damage incurred is essential for fitness. Exposure to 2 °C for 24 h or longer is rapidly fatal to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, but the process of recovery from a shorter, initially non-lethal, cold shock is poorly understood. We report that cold shock of less than 12-hour duration does not initially kill C. elegans, but these worms experience a progression of devastating phenotypes over the next 96 h that correlate with their eventual fate: successful recovery from the cold shock and survival, or failure to recover and death. Cold-shocked worms experience a marked loss of pigmentation, decrease in the size of their intestine and gonads, and disruption to the vulva. Those worms who will successfully recover from the cold shock regain their pigmentation and much of the integrity of their intestine and gonads. Those who will die do so with a distinct phenotype from worms dying during or immediately following cold shock, suggesting independent mechanisms. Worms lacking the G-protein coupled receptor FSHR-1 are resistant to acute death from longer cold shocks, and are more successful in their recovery from shorter sub-lethal cold shocks. We have defined two distinct phases of death associated with cold shock and described a progression of phenotypes that accompanies the course of recovery from that cold shock. The G-protein coupled receptor FSHR-1 antagonizes these novel processes of damage and recovery.
Introduction to “Why 25 Years?”

The spring 2015 meeting of Cheiron: The International Society for the History of the Behavioral and Social Sciences was held at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The program organizer, ...
Small Business Tax Relief: Selected Issues for the 107th Congress

In this report, Guenther examines small businesses and the arguments for and against small business tax subsidies to ease their federal tax burden and its effects on small business performance and growth. The analysis underscores the contributions to economic growth made by small firms. Guenther's report concludes that there is evidence that small firms play a critical role in production processes, economic growth, and structural change. He also concludes that tax preferences aimed at simplifying tax accounting and compliance for small businesses would have desirable efficiency effects. However, he notes, the debate surrounding the issue "underscores the need for a robust model of the formation of small firms and their contributions to the economy."
Ritual among the Masses: Deconstructing Identity and Class in an Ancient Maya Neighborhood

Equating a single cultural group to a classificatory scheme has implications for not only how archaeologists develop the concept of cultural identity but how we investigate and theorize about internal social dynamics within that same society. For the ancient Maya, social organization remains largely understood as a two-class system—that of commoner and elite. While these categories reflect the extreme ends of known social strata, they inadequately characterize the reality of day-to-day interactions. This has led to tacit assumptions that commoners did not participate in or comprehend the political and social complexity of the world around them. This paper examines how occupants of a Late Classic Maya neighborhood employed ritual and public practices as a means of social differentiation. Excavations at the Northeast Group, part of the ancient Maya site of Chan, Belize, identified considerable diversity between households, suggesting that occupants shaped status and identity through the control and centralization of ritual. Understanding how people distinguished themselves within the context of a neighborhood provides direct evidence of class complexity, challenging traditional models of commoner behavior and more importantly the role they played in ancient Maya society as a whole.
Loading Babinet Optical Nanoantennas with Nanocircuit Elements

The concepts of antenna loading are applied to Babinet optical nanoantennas obtained by carving thin plasmonic screens. We show how the radiation properties may be tailored by properly selecting the nanocircuit elements loading the aperture.
Nostalgia for the Old Versus Wonder at the New: Cultural disenchantment and the temptation of modernity in Nie Hai Hua

This paper attempts to revise aspects of the existing interpretations of Nie Hai Hua (A Flower in a Sinful Sea) by applying perspectives from post-colonial studies to the study of this late Qing Chinese novel. Here the novel is read as a national narrative that portrays the emergence of China as a modern nation state from a decaying empire, with its intelligentsia caught between their desire to embrace modernity and nostalgia for cultural traditions. From the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, traditional Chinese scholars were faced with a predicament: they were lured by the modernity represented by Western learning, on the one hand, but were tied by an emotional link to Chinese tradition, on the other. In a disintegrating society, they struggled both to preserve their own cultural identity and construct a new identity. The opposing groups of Chinese literati portrayed in the novel in fact reflect the schizophrenic state of the Chinese consciousness on the threshold of modernity.To write the story of the nation demands that we articulate that archaic ambivalence that informs modernity.1
The Perils of Participatory Planning: Space, Race, Environmentalism, and History in “Austin Tomorrow”

In the 1970s, urban planners in Austin, Texas, developed Austin Tomorrow, a public planning initiative that sought to undermine the hegemony of the city’s growth coalition in urban planning by usin...
μ Max-Unity3D Interoperability Toolkit.

Object-oriented rapid prototyping tools geared towards multimedia, such as Max/MSP/Jitter and Pd/Gem, serve as a powerful foundation for efficient multimodal crosspollination and integration. Although both Max and Pd support OpenGL, the lack of scalability, user-friendly 3D editor, and physics engine makes them less desirable solutions for the rapid development of complex environments and physics simulations. Unity3D is a powerful rapid 3D video game prototyping platform with an integrated physics engine. Its audio capabilities, however, are limited mainly to triggering and spatialization of audio buffers. μ is a toolkit offering easy integration of Max/PD with Unity3D, allowing for exchange of control data, as well as importing of dynamic Jitter textures into Unity3D. The former makes it particularly suitable for efficient sonification of physics simulations. μ has been utilized in Elemental, an interactive communal soundscape installation (part of the Revo:oveR exhibit) allowing for visitors’ motion (Max) to drive a physics engine (Unity3D) and sonify ensuing data across a 12-channel ceilingmounted speaker array (Max).
Abstract 15705: Chronic Inhaled Acrolein Depresses Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Atherosclerosis

We have previously shown that acute exposure to air pollutants including particulate matter or the volatile acrolein leads to reversible suppression of circulating angiogenic cells in humans and mi...
Rigorous Ab Initio Quantum Embedding for Quantum Chemistry Using Green's Function Theory: Screened Interaction, Nonlocal Self-Energy Relaxation, Orbital Basis, and Chemical Accuracy.

We present a detailed discussion of the self-energy embedding theory (SEET), which is a quantum embedding scheme allowing us to describe a chosen subsystem very accurately while keeping the description of the environment at a lower level. We apply SEET to molecular examples where our chosen subsystem is made out of a set of strongly correlated orbitals while the weakly correlated orbitals constitute an environment. Consequently, a highly accurate method is used to calculate the self-energy for the system, while a lower-level method is employed to find the self-energy for the environment. Such a self-energy separation is very general, and to make the SEET procedure applicable to multiple systems, a detailed and practical procedure for the evaluation of the system and environment self-energy is necessary. We list all of the intricacies for one of the possible procedures while focusing our discussion on many practical implementation aspects such as the choice of best orbital basis, impurity solver, and many ...
Multiple input all-optical logic gates utilizing polarization properties of non-degenerate four-wave mixing

We present experimental results on how the polarization properties of non-degenerate four-wave mixing can be used in advanced all-optical logic gates. The technique enables 3-bit logic operations without cascading nonlinear elements. These gates may be suitable for logic operations in an opto-electrical front-end, which moves some of the necessary computation of data to the optical domain, both after transmission and before detection. A 3-bit ADDER is demonstrated, and scalability to circuits with more inputs are discussed.
Ghosting Bridgie Cleary : Tom Mac Intyre and Staging This Woman’s Death

Bridget Cleary’s burning to death in 1895 indexes a moment of transition in Irish modern history that has consistently been subject to morbid fascination, but only recently critically engaged. Whilst suffering from a mysterious illness, Bridget was accused of being possessed by a fairy spirit by her husband and members of her extended family.3 Despite her protestations, her husband and the others subjected her to a fairy trial of an invasive series of cures, including dousing her with urine and force-feeding her bitter herbs. After several days’ ‘treatment,’ in an alleged final attempt to rid Bridget of the spirit, her husband, Michael, doused her in paraffin and held her over their household fire. This final, brutal act resulted in Bridget’s death and led to a public trial in Her Majesty’s Court in County Tipperary. Bridget was 26 years old.
How Stable is the Condition of Family Homelessness

Although research has documented the majority of homelessness experienced by individuals and families in the US to be transitional rather than chronic, the mechanisms by which some families successfully escape homelessness while other do not remains relatively unclear. To provide more information to this area of inquiry, this study analyzed the transitional nature of homelessness for a sample of families with school-aged children who were homeless under the McKinney-Vento definition. By conducting a survey with over 1000 homeless families with children enrolled in two public school systems in Central Florida, we find that over a quarter of families exit homelessness in less than six months. We compare these families to those that remained homeless to examine the potential importance of demographic differences and other potential barriers to securing housing. Many of the commonly assumed barriers were not significant predictors of continued homelessness; the most salient difference between the groups was income underscoring the importance of employment opportunities for families to allow them to exit homelessness.
Intimate class acts: friendship and desire in Indian and Pakistani women’s fiction; Contemporary diasporic South Asian women’s fiction: gender, narration and globalisation

Both Maryam Mirza’s Intimate Class Acts and Ruvani Ranasinha’s Contemporary Diasporic South Asian Women’s Fiction begin their feminist studies of South Asian women’s writing with the figure of inti...
Repair Measures for a Seismically Retrofitted Steel Bridge Experiencing Distortion-Induced Fatigue Cracks: Numerical Study

This paper studies distortion-induced fatigue cracks in a 1960’s era design Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) welded plate girder bridge that developed cracks in the web-gap region shortly after completion of a comprehensive seismic retrofit. Finite Element analysis (FEA) was conducted in order to investigate the cause of cracking and to recommend appropriate repair measures for the bridge. The results indicated that the high stress concentrations were principally a result of replacing K-type diaphragms with stiffer cross-diaphragms as part of the seismic retrofit. Two conventional repair measures in addition to two innovative repair measures were evaluated. The first repair strategy provided a positive connection between the connection plate and the girder flange (referred to as the top-angle repair). The second repair created a 203-mm (8-in.) slot where one-sixth of the connection plate depth is cut from the web (slot-repair) resulting in a softening of the web gap.
Gamers, gender, and cruel optimism: the limits of social identity constructs in The Guild

AbstractVideo game culture has a long, ongoing history of problems with representation and inclusivity, as a wide variety of forces have constructed video games and gaming as masculine. Against this background, the popular gamer-oriented web series The Guild (2007–2013) appears to offer a unique counterperspective, presenting a gender-diverse cast and focusing primarily on female protagonist Cyd “Codex” Sherman. As such, the show could potentially diversify popular conceptions of gamers. Through a close reading of The Guild, however, we demonstrate that it fails to do so. More specifically, the show’s portrayal of gamer identity serves as a form of cruel optimism, presenting it as an ideal that promises game players a consistent subculture and a sense of belonging, but ultimately traps them in narrow roles and identity constructs. Furthermore, the show’s gamer ideal also reproduces particular forms of gendered inequalities that posit aggressive, competitive masculinity as superior to both more passive mas...
Comments on ``Analysis of circulating power within hybrid electric vehicle transmissions'', Mechanism and Machine Theory 64 (2013) 131–143, by A.K. Gupta, C.P. Ramanarayanan

Abstract The study of power recirculation within planetary gear trains is very important for designing new hybrid transmissions. Gupta et al. [1] presented a method which utilizes the algebraic difference between the splitting power flow ratios x1 and x2, for determining the direction of the power flow in two-DOF planetary drives. This method is an extension to the original method presented in Ref. [5] for analyzing power recirculation in one-DOF, two-stage epicyclic gear trains. Gupta et al. [1] seem ambiguous about the key points of the method and include some fundamental errors in their analysis. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate clearly a simple algorithm to identify power recirculation in two-input one-output planetary gear trains. Also, the necessary and sufficient operating conditions for power recirculation in two-input transmissions are proven rigorously.
Feasibility Study Combining Art Therapy or Cognitive Remediation Therapy with Family-based Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa.

Adolescents with anorexia nervosa who have obsessive-compulsive (OC) features respond poorly to family-based treatment (FBT). This study evaluated the feasibility of combining FBT with either cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) or art therapy (AT) to improve treatment response in this at-risk group. Thirty adolescents with anorexia nervosa and OC features were randomized to 15 sessions of FBT + CRT or AT. Recruitment rate was 1 per month, and treatment attrition was 16.6% with no differences between groups. Suitability, expectancy and therapeutic relationships were acceptable for both combinations. Correlations between changes in OC traits and changes in cognitive inefficiencies were found for both combinations. Moderate changes in cognitive inefficiencies were found in both groups but were larger in the FBT + AT combination. This study suggests that an RCT for poor responders to FBT because of OC traits combining FBT with either CRT or AT is feasible to conduct. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Transparadigmatic Output-Output Correspondence: A Case Study from Ese Ejja

One prominent theory capturing unexpected phonological similarity across morphologically-related forms is Output-Output Correspondence (OO-Corr – Benua 1997; Burzio 1998; a.o.). Classic OO-Corr involves correspondence between an output [ x-y ] and a subconstituent base [ x ]. Further, Paradigmatic OO-Corr (Pa-OO-C) involves correspondence between an output [ x-a ] and a base [ x-b ], where the affixes [ a ] and [ b ] share a morphosyntactic feature [ +f ] which places them together in a morphological paradigm (McCarthy 2005, Hall & Scott 2007). In contrast, this paper proposes a novel type of OO-Corr termed Transparadigmatic Output-Output Correspondence (Tr-OO-C), involving correspondence between an output [ x-y-z ] and a base [ x-z ]. Under Tr-OO-C, morphologically-related forms share the same root as well as share the same outer morphology, but differ in terms of an inner morphology. I argue that Ese Ejja (Takanan: Bolivia) is an example of Tr-OO-C, wherein there is unexpected stress uniformity between inflectional and derivational verbal forms. I argue that derivational forms are in correspondence with an inflectional base enforced by highly ranked constraints Id-BO (stress), Corr-BO (root) , and Corr-BO (infl) , modeled after Agreement-By-Correspondence (Rose & Walker 2004). In total, Ese Ejja prosody is a crucial case study for OO-C and adds to the body of evidence showing how the phonology of words can be shaped by morphologically-related forms.
Acylglycerols and Related Lipids

Glycerol serves as the alcohol backbone for a wide variety of lipids. Fatty acids generally do not occur in nature as free acids, but primarily as esters with glycerol called acylglycerols (acylglycerides). Glycerol may be fully acylated (triacylglycerols or triglycerides) or only partially acylated (mono- and diacylglycerols or mono- and diglycerides). In some cases a mono- or diglyceride may be substituted at the third carbon with phosphate or a phos-phorylated substance (phosphorylcholine, phosphorylserine, etc.) via a phosphodiester bond (phosphoglyceride or phospholipid) , or with a sugar (glycosylglycerol). Phospholipids are the subject of the next chapter (Chapter 6). Some glycerides may contain hydroxylated acyl groups that may in turn be esterified to long chain fatty acids to form esto-lides (tetra-, penta-, and hexaglycerides). Aliphatic chains may also be linked to a diglyceride via an ether (alkyl) or vinyl ether (alkenyl) linkage. The latter type of lipid is called a neutral plasmalogen. Structures of these lipids are given in Figure 5.1.
REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LEFT VENTRICULAR DEFORMATION: PRESSURE-STRAIN ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT In non-beating isolated canine left ventricles, the dynamic relationship between intraventricular pressure resulting from a periodic oscillation of chamber volume, including diameter, wall thickness, and regional segment dimensions were plotted and fitted to an exponential pressure-strain model, assuming a quasi-static large deformation. The observed difference between global and regional pressure-dimension strain stiffness coefficients can be attributed to basic constitutive and geometric considerations and not necessarily to the complex anisotropic or heterogeneous nature of cardiac muscle properties. Thus, providing indices which appropriately characterize the regional and global left ventricular chamber stiffness.
Doddering Dotards and Brazen Ingrates: Archê and Finitude in Aristophanes

Intergenerational justice has recently arrived (or resurfaced?) on the political theory scene in a big way. A number of scholars are trying to work out what we owe future generations in a general sense, while others are figuring out exactly what political rights children and not-yet-existing people may have. Yet almost all this work looks at the problem as a question of future generations, moving forward temporally to the generations after us, whether already born or not yet existing. In this paper, I want to engage in some looking backward: what are the demands of intergenerational justice when it comes to previous generations? While work on memory and historical injustice address some of the concerns here, I am specifically interested in still-existing generations, citizens who remain with us, but who are “past their prime” — that is, power has shifted to younger citizens. What does it mean to live in a temporal continuum, ceding power over what we have created to those who come after? How does our mortality figure into democratic freedom? While questions about old age obviously have moral import, there is also a political dimension. These are questions about power, how it circulates in a shared world, and how we can best temper its potentially destructive edges. To begin this exploration, I turn to Aristophanes and his use of the old man figure in Knights. In this work, Aristophanes presents a particular notion of old age, one that highlights its difficulties in a polity that demands youthful vigor. The essay then moves to Aristophanes’ portrayal of intergenerational dynamics in Clouds to probe the nature of these difficulties and what meaning they hold for democracy more generally. Because he so consistently draws upon the elderly figure, and because his work directly engages with the democratic life of Athens, Aristophanes provides readers with a wealth of material for thinking about the relationship between aging, democratic politics, and a robust sense of intergenerational justice.
The pathology of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurologic disease characterized in early phases by a cellular immune response and later by multiple areas of demyelination or plaques in the central nervous system (CNS) white matter. The clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable, but probably are related to the extent of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier associated with inflammation in the acute phase, and with the extent of demyelination in the chronic phase. The initiating events of MS are not known, but current hypotheses include immune responses to an initiating viral infection and autoimmune responses to CNS myelin antigens. Both inflammatory and CNS resident cells contribute to the im- munopathology of the disease. Chronic lesions are characterized by glial scarring and depletion of both oligodendrocytes and axons.
Scanning Multiple Sequences

Much of the scanning literature focuses on unusual clusters of a given type of event in a single sequence of trials or time period. In this chapter, we discuss approaches to simultaneously scan multiple series. In one set of problems, there are multiple series corresponding to the occurrence of different types of events over the same period of time; the researcher looks for multiple-type clusters allowing for lagged effects between the different types of events. In the second set of problems, one scans multiple series looking for the largest common perfect or almost perfect match between all or most of the series. This second set of problems is of importance to molecular biologists searching for strong homologies in DNA sequences. Some related problems in two-dimensional scanning are mentioned.
Eicosapentaenoic acid in combination with EPHA2 inhibition shows efficacy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer by disrupting cellular cholesterol efflux

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, currently lacks effective targeted therapy options. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid and constituent of fish oil, is a common supplement with anti-inflammatory properties. Although it is not a mainstream treatment, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that EPA exerts anti-tumor activity in breast cancer. However, against solid tumors, EPA as a monotherapy is clinically ineffective; thus, we sought to develop a novel targeted drug combination to bolster its therapeutic action against TNBC. Using a high-throughput functional siRNA screen, we identified Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), an oncogenic cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase, as a therapeutic target that sensitizes TNBC cells to EPA. EPHA2 expression was uniquely elevated in TNBC cell lines and patient tumors. In independent functional expression studies in TNBC models, EPHA2 gene-silencing combined with EPA significantly reduced cell growth and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies, both in vitro and in vivo. EPHA2-specific inhibitors similarly enhanced the therapeutic action of EPA. Finally, we identified that therapy-mediated apoptosis was attributed to a lethal increase in cancer cell membrane polarity due to ABCA1 inhibition and subsequent dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. This study provides new molecular and preclinical evidence to support a clinical evaluation of EPA combined with EPHA2 inhibition in patients with TNBC.
Positivity rates of in vitro inhalant/respiratory and food allergy tests in the northern midwestern United States.

Rates of allergy-test positivity vary by country and by regions within countries. Several studies have looked at allergy test results to determine the most common allergens. Many of these studies h...
History Repeats Itself: The Perils of Normandy High School

In Chap. 7, I draw the conclusion that desegregation policy was enacted exclusively. I use the disenfranchisement of predominately black schools as proof. Normandy High School, which was the school that graduated Michael Brown just days before he was killed, is profiled in this chapter. More than 30 years after Liddell’s case led to widespread desegregation of St. Louis schools, Normandy schools remain segregated. I conclude that the condition of the Normandy School District is a direct result of its exclusion from the lucrative financial benefits of the transfer program. Had attempts been made to desegregate predominately black suburban schools as part of desegregation policy, the state of Normandy School District and race relations in St. Louis would likely be entirely different. Finally, I hope this research engages policy makers in a contemporary dialogue about the state of racial contention in St. Louis, much of which, I contend, is traced to school inequality.
Radiographs Detect Dorsal Scaphoid Translation in Scapholunate Dissociation.

Background Dorsal translation of the proximal scaphoid pole onto the rim of the distal radius is a late finding associated with chronic scapholunate instability. Dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) has been identified by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with scapholunate dissociation (SLD). Purpose The authors proposed to determine whether DST can be reliably detected on radiographs using two different measurement techniques. Patients and Methods Lateral radiographs of 20 patients with operatively confirmed SLD were compared with 20 uninjured patients in blinded assessment. DST was assessed using the concentric circle and dorsal tangential line methods. Reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation (ICC) values. Results Using both techniques, the scaphoid demonstrated increased dorsal translation in patients with SLD. Inter-rater reliabilities for the concentric circles and dorsal tangential line method on radiographs had ICCs > 0.80. Similarly, intra-rater reliabilities had ICCs > 0.90. Conclusions Both the concentric circles and dorsal tangential line techniques had excellent reliabilities, but the dorsal tangential line method is clinically more practical. Type of Study/Level of Evidence This is a Level III, diagnostic study.
Bayesian Network Classifiers

Bayesian network classifiers are used extensively both in academia and in a wide range of industrial applications and domains. This article first reviews the main concepts behind statistical pattern classifiers and Bayesian networks, including the main methods for the automated induction of these models. It then continues with a description of the application of Bayesian networks as statistical pattern classifiers. It discusses the advantages of Bayesian network classifiers over other types of classifiers, and provides up-to-date references covering the material and examples of applications. Readers with basic knowledge of statistics will acquire the necessary background to explore more technical papers and decide on whether Bayesian network classifiers are the right technology for their particular problem and domain. Keywords: pattern recognition; pattern classification; statistics; machine learning; Bayesian networks; graphical models; model fitting; maximum likelihood; Bayesian methods
Working with an environmental justice community: Nurse observation, assessment, and intervention.

Environmental justice (EJ) is the concept that all people and communities, regardless of their race and socioeconomic status, are entitled to enjoy an equally clean environment and resources. Communities where residents face environmental injustice and a higher risk of being exposed to environmental hazards due to their race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are called EJ communities. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an example of nurses' involvement in observation, assessment, and intervention of an EJ community using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) model. Utilizing a multistage CBPR approach along with a mixed methods design, the project was carried out in three stages. Within the three stages, we conducted a thorough observation of the community, identified possible environmental issues, and collected health data and drinking water samples. Citizens' complaints included coal ash, failed sewer system, health issues, including kidney disorders and neuropathy. Drinking water samples (n = 59) showed lead levels higher than the health limits in 10.4% of samples. We intervened based on our short-term goal, reducing citizens' exposure to lead by education, and our long-term goal, reducing disparities, and exposures. We recommend that nurses increase their knowledge about EJ communities and environmental exposures and their health effects and be advocates for EJ communities.
"The Bigger Picture": Occupational Therapy Practitioners' Perspectives on Disability Studies.

OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study explored occupational therapy practitioners’ perspectives about integrating principles from the field of disability studies (DS) into clinical education and practice. METHODS. After a conference presentation about DS, three simultaneous focus groups were conducted with 27 occupational therapy practitioners. A constant comparative, grounded-theory approach was used to identify themes across groups. RESULTS. Identified themes included convergences and divergences between the profession of occupational therapy and the field of disability studies, influence of perspectives of disability on service delivery, clinician navigation of systemic barriers, and incorporation of DS-aligned intervention strategies into practice. CONCLUSION. Despite points of alignment, occupational therapy has not fully addressed DS critiques. Practitioners recognized professional, systemic, and societal barriers and the need for more educational experiences, resources, and professional reflexivity and dialogue to inform the integration of DS concepts into practice.
Climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy – Carbon targets and the carbon budget

Abstract Carbon intensive fuels generate a significant negative externality which is quite relevant for climate change mitigation policy. We propose a dynamic growth model where output is produced using two types of energy sources: fossil fuel and renewable energy. Fossil fuel discovery, extraction, and associated costs are incorporated in our model together with the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions and consequent damages. Consistent with the empirical facts, our numerical solutions suggest that fossil fuels, especially coal, should not be exploited to depletion. Furthermore, renewable energy should be gradually phased in to meet targets consistent with the Paris 2015 agreement. We show that adopting those policies should slow down the growth rate of cumulative emissions; but the outcome is contingent upon the carbon emission targets set for advanced countries, as distinct from those assigned to developing countries.
How teacher talk guidance during Invention activities shapes students’ cognitive engagement and transfer

A key question in K-12 STEM education is how best to guide students as they engage in exploratory learning activities so that students develop transferable knowledge. We investigated this question in a study of teacher talk guidance of an exploratory activity called Invention. In this study, teachers worked one-on-one with students, guiding them as they attempted to invent ratio-based equations of physical science phenomena. We applied the interactive, constructive, active, and passive (ICAP) framework as a theoretical lens through which to explore different forms of teacher talk guidance and resulting student talk. The ICAP hypothesis predicts that constructive engagement leads to greater learning than active engagement, which in turn leads to greater learning than passive engagement. However, students do not always enact the type of cognitive engagement that teachers prompt. In this paper, we work towards three goals: (1) to explore the forms of cognitive engagement prompted by teachers and enacted by students in their talk, (2) to test the ICAP hypothesis in the novel context of teacher-student dialog during Invention, and (3) to identify effective forms of teacher talk guidance for Invention activities and other exploratory STEM learning tasks. While the majority of student talk was active, teachers produced an even distribution of constructive, active, and passive prompts. Teacher and student talk types tended to align, such that students often responded with the type of cognitive engagement teachers invited, with the exception of passive talk. In general, teacher talk showed the most robust relationship with students' abilities to transfer, while teacher-student dialog demonstrated a weaker relationship with transfer, and student talk was not significantly related to transfer. Some evidence for the ICAP hypothesis was found, most prominently in teacher talk, where constructive prompts positively predicted transfer, active prompts were not related to transfer, and passive prompts negatively predicted transfer. This research implies that teachers should use a large proportion of constructive prompts and relatively few passive ones when guiding students through Invention tasks, when the goal is to provoke transfer of learning to novel contexts. This work also extends the CAP portion of the ICAP hypothesis to teacher-student dialog and underscores the teacher’s critical role in encouraging students to cognitively engage with exploratory STEM tasks in effective ways.
Curriculum mapping in academic libraries revisited: Taking an evidence-based approach

Curriculum mapping for the purposes of an academic library is the process of reviewing a degree-granting department’s curriculum side-by-side with library learning objectives to situate information literacy instruction within the sequence of courses that a student will take. In 2014, I undertook a curriculum mapping pilot for our library using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis methodology as part of a leadership institute. My project looked at three degree programs at our university and suggested changes for further engagement with the departments. At the same time, three other librarians that I met at the leadership institute took part in curriculum mapping projects at their institutions using different methodologies. Together, we published our results in the New Review of Academic Librarianship.