cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Feasibility and Utility of ISR Tagging

The production of new particles at a hadron collider like the LHC is always accompanied by QCD radiation attributable to the initial state (i.e. ISR). This tends to complicate analyses, so ISR is normally regarded as a nuisance. Nevertheless, we show that ISR can also be valuable, yielding information that can help in the discovery and interpretation of physics beyond the Standard Model. To access this information we will introduce new techniques designed to identify ISR jets on an event-by-event basis, a process we term ISR tagging. As a demonstration of their utility, we will apply these techniques to SUSY di-squark (di-gluino) production to show that they can be used to identify ISR jets in roughly 40% (15%) of the events, with a mistag rate of around 10% (15%). We then show that, through the application of a new method which we will introduce, knowledge of an ISR jet allows us to infer the squark (gluino) mass to within roughly 20% of its true value.
On a variational theorem in acousto-elastodynamics

A variational theorem is presented which may be used as a basis for developing the equations of motion and the boundary conditions appropriate for studying the vibrational behavior of flexible bodied systems and the surrounding acoustic medium. The theorem is a generalization of two theorems which are both based on the principle of virtual work; the first governs the elastodynamics of the mechanical system and the second governs the behavior of the fluid medium. Lagrange multipliers are used in the development of the two basic theorems and they are also employed to incorporate the constraints at the solid-fluid interface within the functional for the acousto-elastodynamic theorem. When independent arbitrary variations of the system parameters are permitted, this theorem yields as characteristic equations the equations of motion for each member of the mechanical system, the acoustic wave equation, the compatibility conditions at the mechanical joints, the compatibility conditions at the interface and also the mixed boundary conditions for the complete system. As an illustrative example, the derivation of the problem statement for a flexible slider crank mechanism operating in a perfect gas is presented in which it is assumed that the flexural motion of the links is governed by the Timoshenko beam theory.
A Dynamic Model of Labor Supply Under Uncertainty

This paper develops an multi-state optimizing model of individual labor supply that concentrates on all-or-nothing employment decisions. This model views individual behavior in the labor market as a process of moving between labor force activities (employed, unemployed, and not-in-the-labor-force). Agents are in a stochastic environment and make decisions whether they want to work or not. When an agent decides they want to work, however, they must search for a job. Jobs at the going wage cannot be found immediately, and an agent must spend time and (possibly) money looking for a firm with an available job. The probability of finding an available job in the next instant, if less than unity, acts as a constraint on labor supply; a worker would work at the current wage but is unable to do so because jobs are not instantaneously available. This is a formal model of frictional unemployment, although one could also label such unemployment involuntary. This model is closely related to the analysis of the duration of unemployment. (See, e.g. Kaitz, 1970; Salant, 1977; Nickell, 1979; Heckman and Singer, 1984a, 1984b.) Other models that deal with employment versus non-employment decisions are Lippman and McCall (1976); Toikka (1976); Burdett and Mortensen (1978a, 1978b).
DSPP Is Essential for Normal Development of the Dental-Craniofacial Complex

The craniofacial skeleton is derived from both neural crest cells and mesodermal cells; however, the majority of the bone, cartilage, and connective tissue is derived from the neural crest. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a precursor protein that is expressed by the connective tissues of the craniofacial skeleton, namely, bone and dentin with high expression levels in the dentin matrix. Gene ablation studies have shown severe dental defects in DSPP-null mutant mice. Therefore, to elucidate the role of DSPP on the developing dental-craniofacial complex, we evaluated phenotypic changes in the structure of intramembranous bone and dentin mineralization using 3 different age groups of DSPP-null and wild-type mice. Results from micro-computed tomographic, radiographic, and optical microscopic analyses showed defective dentin, alveolar and calvarial bones, and sutures during development. The impaired mineralization of the cranial bone correlated well with low expression levels of Runx2, Col1, and OPN identified using calvarial cells from DSPP-null and wild-type mice in an in vitro culture system. However, the upregulation of MMP9, MMP2, FN, and BSP was observed. Interestingly, the null mice also displayed low serum phosphate levels, while calcium levels remained unchanged. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining confirmed the dysfunction in the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts obtained from the developing calvaria of DSPP-null mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of the developing molars showed changes in Runx2, Gli1, Numb, and Notch expression in the dental pulp cells and odontoblasts of DSPP-null mice when compared with wild-type mice. Overall, these observations provide insight into the role of DSPP in the normal development of the calvaria, alveolar bone, and dentin-pulp complex.
Aortopulmonary fistula in an infected Dacron graft for coarctation of the aorta: An uncommon cause of hemoptysis

Hemoptysis secondary to an aortobronchial fistula is rare and uniformly fatal when left untreated. The authors describe a case of massive hemoptysis caused by an aortopulmonary fistula in an infected Dacron graft used successfully to repair a coarctation of the aorta.
Electron-Spin-Resonance Spectrum of Mn 2+ in β-Ga 2 O 3

The electron-spin-resonance spectrum of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ has been investigated in monoclinic $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at 24 kMc/sec. It was found that the spectrum consists of a set of lines corresponding to a single type of environment. This spectrum (including the fine and $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=0$ hyperfine structure) is satisfactorily described by the spin Hamiltonian for ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ in a rhombic crystal field with the following derived constants: ${A}_{z}=\ensuremath{-}87.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ G; ${A}_{y}=\ensuremath{-}85.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ G; ${g}_{z}=2.002$; ${g}_{y}=2.007$; $D=545.0$ G; $E=124.3$ G. The $y$ crystal-field axis is along the monoclinic axis (b) and the $z$ crystal-field axis makes an angle of 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with the $c$ crystal axis ($agc$). Forbidden $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ hyperfine transitions were also observed. From the separations between the $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ doublets, a value of ${Q}^{\ensuremath{'}}=+0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ G was obtained. On the basis of the axial crystal fields inferred from the measured values of ${Q}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and in other oxide materials, it appears that the calculated crystal-field contribution to the $D$ parameter of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ does not explain the experimental results.
‘In the mind’s eye’: A cognitive linguistic re-construction of WD Snodgrass’ ‘Matisse: The Red Studio’:

Although ekphrastic poetry has always been a popular poetic genre, the twentieth century saw a profusion in the production of literary texts that describe art objects. Ekphrastic criticism is abund...
Percutaneous Management of Transplant Ureteral Fistulas: Patient Selection and Long-Term Results

AbstractOf 24 renal allograft recipients with urinary extravasation 14 (58%) with ureteral fistulas were selected for percutaneous management in an attempt to obviate secondary operative intervention. The initial procedure in all cases was placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube with subsequent internal or internal/external stenting. With a mean followup of 47 months, the percutaneous management proved definitive in 5 patients (36%) and palliative in 1 (7%). The other 8 patients (57%) subsequently required open operative intervention. With this study, we conclude that percutaneous techniques can provide long-term definitive management for at least some transplant ureteral fistulas. However, even in a highly selected group of patients success rates will be limited.
High-Resolution Ultrasound in Combat-Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries.

Introduction Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) sustained in combat are typically severe and are frequently associated with marked soft tissue damage, anatomic distortion, and retained metallic fragments. These features complicate clinical and electrodiagnostic assessment and may preclude MRI. Methods We describe 4 cases of military personnel who sustained high-velocity gunshot wounds or blasts with metal fragment injuries in which high resolution peripheral nerve ultrasound (US) proved beneficial. Results In these cases, the clinical and electrodiagnostic exams provided inadequate localization and severity data of the nerve injuries, and MRI was either precluded or provided no additional information. In each case, US disclosed focal nerve segment abnormalities, including regions of focal enlargement and nerve discontinuity with end-bulb neuroma, which guided surgical planning for nerve repair. The findings on US were subsequently confirmed intra-operatively. Conclusions High resolution peripheral nerve US is a useful modality in assessment of combat-related PNI. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 1139-1144, 2016.
Simple Nonstandard Analysis and Applications

To accommodate readers with little or no background in mathematical logic, this chapter gives a simple construction of a nonstandard number system associated with a very simple system of logic. The simplicity of the system of logic helps to illuminate the way logic is used to obtain mathematical results. It also simplifies the proof of the “transfer principle”, which is the basic Property of nonstandard number systems. The skills the reader needs for more advanced work are developed through applications of this simple system to calculus and elementary real analysis.To accommodate readers with little or no background in mathematical logic, this chapter gives a simple construction of a nonstandard number system associated with a very simple system of logic. The simplicity of the system of logic helps to illuminate the way logic is used to obtain mathematical results. It also simplifies the proof of the “transfer principle”, which is the basic Property of nonstandard number systems. The skills the reader needs for more advanced work are developed through applications of this simple system to calculus and elementary real analysis.
Water inhibits CO oxidation on gold cations in the gas phase. Structures and binding energies of the sequential addition of CO, H2O, O2, and N2 onto Au+

We report a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the gas phase reactivity of Au+ with CO, O2, N2 and their mixtures in the presence of a trace amount of water impurity. The gold cation is found to strongly interact with CO and H2O molecules via successive addition reactions until reaching saturation. The stoichiometry of the formed complex is determined by the strength of the binding energy of the neutral molecule to the gold cation. CO binds the strongest to Au+, followed by H2O, N2 and then O2. We found that the gold cation (Au+) can activate the O2 molecule within the Au+(CO)2(O2) complex which could react with another CO molecule to form Au+(CO)(CO2) + CO2. The product Au+(CO)(CO2) is observed experimentally with a small intensity at room temperature. However, the presence of water leads to the formation of Au+(CO)(H2O)(O2) instead of Au+(CO)2(O2) due to the strong interaction between Au+ and water. The current experiments and calculations might lead to a molecular level understanding of the interactions between the active sites, reactants and impurities which could pave the way for the design of efficient nanocatalysts.
Intraneural Injection: A Good Idea or not?

A 65-year-old man is undergoing a total shoulder replacement. The surgeon objects to a continuous peripheral nerve block and your colleague taking care of the patient does not feel comfortable about the idea of additives to local anesthetics but does want the block to “last as long as possible.” Another colleague, Dr. Pro, suggests an “intraneural” injection as it would “make the nerve block work quicker and last longer.”
Abstract 182: Causes and Prevention of Hospital Readmissions Secondary to Heart Failure in Southern Appalachia

Objective: Recognize opportunities to mitigate readmissions following hospitalization for heart failure. Background: Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospital readmissions, defined as hos...
Approximations for the Distribution and the Moments of Discrete Scan Statistics

LetX 1 ... X N be a sequence of independent and identically distributed nonnegative integer valued random variables. For 2 ≤ m ≤ N, consider the moving sums of m consecutive observations. The discrete scan statistic is defined as the maximum value of these moving sums. Conditional on the sum of all the observations, we refer to this scan statistic as the conditional scan statistic.
Advancements in Sediment Transport Investigations using Quantitative Imaging Techniques

A cursory review of the recent literature and scientific developments regarding sediment transport show a growing awareness that research in this area is stagnating. Moreover, there is critical and enduring need to improve understanding of the fundamentals of sediment transport processes. New approaches, new strategies, and new methods evidently are required attaining that knowledge, especially in coupling between water and sediment motions.
The teacher state: navigating the fusion of education and militarisation in Eritrea and elsewhere

This paper uses the case of Eritrea to explore tensions between education and militarisation as forms of everyday state-making and examine how teachers constitute the state in the process of naviga...
Abstract TP90: Computed Tomography Perfusion Mismatch is Stable Over Time From Onset After Stroke Due to Underestimation of Core Infarct in Late Time Window

Background: Automated computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging is proven effective at selecting patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) for endovascular intervention in the extended tim...
Arthroscopic Primary Bundle-Specific Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repair with Transosseous Fixation

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are most commonly associated with multiligamentous knee injuries. Isolated rupture can be treated nonoperatively with bracing, but with concomitant surgical injuries or high-grade instability, operative intervention may be warranted. While historically PCL injuries were surgically managed with open primary repair, contemporary surgical options include arthroscopic primary repair and reconstruction. Appropriate patient selection is critical in avoiding residual laxity following primary repair, and innovations in advanced imaging and arthroscopic technology now allow for identification of suitable patients. In this technical vote, we describe a method for anatomic bundle-specific primary PCL repair with transosseous fixation. The appropriate patient for this procedure has a femoral-sided avulsion of 1 or both PCL bundles, presents with an acute or subacute injury, and has adequate tissue quality for bundle reapproximation to the footprint. This allows for minimally invasive, anatomic restoration of tension for each bundle.
Improved MUSSELS reconstruction for high-resolution multi-shot diffusion weighted imaging.

Purpose MUSSELS is a one-step iterative reconstruction method for multishot diffusion weighted (msDW) imaging. The current work presents an efficient implementation, termed IRLS MUSSELS, that enables faster reconstruction to enhance its utility for high-resolution diffusion MRI studies. Methods The recently proposed MUSSELS reconstruction belongs to a new class of parallel imaging-based methods that recover artifact-free DWIs from msDW data without needing phase compensation. The reconstruction is achieved via structured low-rank matrix completion algorithms, which are computationally demanding due to the large size of the Hankel matrices and their associated computations involving singular value decompositions. Because of this, computational demands of the MUSSELS reconstruction scales as the matrix size and the number of shots increases, which hinders its practical utility for high-resolution applications. In this work, we derive a computationally efficient MUSSELS formulation by modifying the iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) method that were proposed earlier to solve such problems. Using whole-brain in vivo data, we show the utility of the IRLS MUSSELS for routine high-resolution studies with reduced computational burden. Results IRLS MUSSELS provides about five times faster reconstruction for matrix sizes 192 × 192 and 256 × 256 compared to the earlier MUSSELS implementation. The widely employed conjugate symmetry priors can also be incorporated into IRLS MUSSELS to reduce blurring of the partial Fourier acquisitions, without incurring much computational burden. Conclusions The proposed method is observed to be computationally efficient to enable routine high-resolution studies. The computational complexity matches the traditional msDWI reconstruction methods and provides improved reconstruction results with the additional constraints.
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR PREDICTION OF PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Whereas several preoperative characteristics have been associated with the risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), an accurate risk prediction is not established yet. This is a single center, retrospective study of
Profound intellectual disability caused by homozygous TRAPPC9 pathogenic variant in a man from Malta.

BACKGROUND Intellectual disability is a complex multi-faceted condition with diverse underlying etiologies. One rare form of intellectual disability is secondary to the loss of TRAPPC9, an activator of NF-κB and a mediator of intracellular protein processing and trafficking. TRAPPC9 deficiency has been described in 48 patients with more than 15 pathologic variants. METHOD Clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, and whole-exome sequencing were used to characterize the underlying cause of absent speech, restricted/repetitive behaviors, and worsening behavioral outbursts in 27-year-old man from Malta. RESULTS Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed morphologic abnormalities, including global cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia. Genetic analysis through Whole Exome Sequencing identified a homozygous deletion (c.568_574del) in TRAPPC9 resulting in a frameshift, premature stop codon, and ultimately a truncated protein (p.Trp190Argfs*95). In this case, the pathogenic variant was homozygous, identified in both of the parents without known consanguinity. CONCLUSION Given the phenotype and genotype consistent with a deficiency in TRAPPC9, it is likely that this patient represents a novel case of this rare genetic syndrome. Specifically, this case, in the context of 48 total reported patients, raises questions as to the geographic origin of the pathologic variant and optimal detection and therapeutic intervention for this condition.
Foliar Chemical Protection Against Pantoea ananatis in Onion Is Negated by Thrips Feeding

Center rot of onion, caused by Pantoea ananatis, is an economically important disease in onion production in Georgia and elsewhere in the United States. Growers rely on frequent foliar applications of bactericides and, in some cases, plant defense inducers to manage this disease. However, regular prophylactic application of these chemicals is not cost-effective and may not be environmentally friendly. Thrips (Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella fusca) are vectors of P. ananatis, and their feeding may compromise the effectiveness of foliar applications against P. ananatis. In this study, foliar treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard 50WG), cupric hydroxide (Kocide 3000), and Actigard plus Kocide were evaluated for their effectiveness in the presence and absence of thrips infestation at two critical onion growth stages: bulb initiation and bulb swelling. Onion growth stage had no impact on the effectiveness of either Kocide or Actigard. In the absence of thrips, Kocide application resulted in reduced center rot incidence compared with Actigard, regardless of the growth stage. However, when thrips were present, the efficacy of both Kocide and Actigard was reduced, with bulb incidence not significantly different from the nontreated control. In independent greenhouse studies in the presence or absence of thrips, it was observed that use of protective chemicals (Kocide, Actigard, and their combinations) at different rates also affected pathogen progression into internal neck tissue and incidence of bulb rot. These results suggest that thrips infestation can reduce the efficacy of protective chemical treatments against P. ananatis. Thrips feeding on onion foliage and resulting feeding scars could facilitate P. ananatis entry and subsequently compromise the efficacy of protective chemical treatments. Therefore, an effective center rot management strategy should likely include thrips management in addition to bactericides at susceptible growth stages of onion.
The effect of the Affordable Care Act on Medicaid payments in long-term care facilities

Long-term care has been defined as a continuation of medical services, social services, and housing for patients with chronic health conditions, which have limited their abilities to partake in eve...
The Uncanny Regionalism of Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “Circumstance”

Harriet Prescott Spofford’s 1860 tale, “Circumstance,” demonstrates the uncanny power of regionalist fiction. Set before the U.S. Revolution, in the “eastern wilds of Maine,” “Circumstance” has often been misread as a variation on the classic American-Gothic captivity narrative, in which a white, Christian heroine finds spiritual victory in her encounter with a monstrous, dark Other. But the Maine wilds of “Circumstance” are not mere synechdoche for the fledgling nation; indeed, the story complicates nationalizing interpretations when we focus attention on Spofford’s treatment of locally specific anxieties. The tale’s Loyalist-Methodist protagonist and its frontier setting are uncanny, seemingly representative of American character, yet also peculiar, different, and irreconcilable with the nation’s myth of origins.
Impact of an ankle foot orthosis on reactive stepping in young adults.

Abstract Background Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been shown to improve gait and static balance in individuals with lower extremity weakness and instability. However, the effects of AFOs on dynamic balance reactions including reactive stepping responses are not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an AFO on reactive stepping responses in healthy young adults. Research question Does an AFO alter reactive stepping responses in healthy young adults? Methods Twenty healthy young adults completed 10 reactive stepping trials using a lean-and-release system for each of three AFO conditions: 1) no AFO, 2) AFO on left leg and 3) AFO on right leg. Trials were recorded using 3D motion capture and force plates. Stepping limb preference and temporal, spatial, and kinematic variables were measured. Differences between conditions were determined by a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc. Results With no AFO, participants demonstrated a preference for stepping with the right leg, 7.0 ± 3.9 of 10 trials. With an AFO on the right leg, this preference decreased to 5.7 ± 4.4 (p = 0.03). With an AFO on the left leg, this preference increased to 8.1 ± 3.3 (p = 0.03). Reaction times were not significantly different between conditions, but participants took a significantly shorter reactive step with the leg wearing the AFO. Peak ankle, knee, and hip joint angles were significantly less with the AFO on the stepping limb compared to the stance limb. Significance This study shows that AFO use can influence reactive stepping limb preference and stepping limb kinematics in healthy young adults. These results can inform future research on AFO users with gait impairments. These finding may also be helpful in developing interventions to address the specific effects of an AFO on reactive stepping responses.
Surviving a cultural genocide: Perspectives of indigenous elders on the transfer of traditional values

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to examine how Indigenous elders perceive traditional values. This study employed Portraiture, which allowed Indigenous elders to share their stories in a culturally tailored and relational manner. The authors’ captured and present richly detailed stories that describe the intersects between human experiences and sacred beliefs. The scholars eloquently braid the first authors experiences at three (3) traditional Indigenous ceremonies with the words of Indigenous elders to tell a story about overcoming an attempted cultural genocide. The ceremony participation and elder visits helped identify ten traditional values encasing spirituality displayed in the Hoop of Traditional Blackfoot Values presented in the English language and the Blackfoot language.
A novel configuration for high power-output and highly efficient vibration energy harvesting

Abstract The most commonly used vibration energy harvesting system is the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. However, the power output of the SDOF system is limited by the mechanical damping ratio and the efficiency is only 50% at the maximal power output. In this paper, we modified the SDOF configuration by adding a spring in series with the energy transducer, which results in a configuration where a parallel energy-harvesting damper and inerter are in series with the spring, similar to the Maxwell model. The parameters of the proposed configuration are analyzed and optimized. The optimization results show the new configuration can produce many times more power output compared with the conventional SDOF system if the primary spring is relatively soft and the added spring is properly selected. In addition, the energy-harvesting efficiency can be significantly increased at the maximal power output. A lab experiment of backpack setup demonstrated 82% power increase and an efficiency of 83%. Lab test using a bridge vibration induced by freight train finds out that the proposed configuration can double the power output compared with the conventional SDOF system. With the augment of a simple spring, the proposed configuration disrupts the fundamental limit on the power and efficiency of the conventional SDOF energy-harvesting system, which opens a new perspective in the energy-harvesting field.
The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates

Many types of electronic cigarettes (ECs) are currently in use, but the default flow rate used to simulate puffing is centered on tobacco cigarette flow rates. CORESTA offers several methods and technical guides for evaluation of ECs but there are few puffing topography studies focusing on sub-ohm ECs; differences between real-world usage and that found in the literature appear large. This study focuses on how power and flow rate affect the nicotine yield of a sub-ohm EC. A puffing system (Puff3rd) has been designed and used to produce and collect EC aerosol. Nicotine yield was measured by GC–MS at three power levels and four flow rates. Data analysis was conducted in SAS using the MIXED procedure. Power, flow rate, and their interaction were all significant predictors of nicotine yield. Nicotine yield increased with both the vaping power and the puff flow rate with significant interaction of the two. Findings indicate that using the current CORESTA flow rate (1100 mL/min) to evaluate third-generation ECs underestimates nicotine yield and likely overestimates pyrolysis products. Real users are expected to have 2–3× the nicotine dose measured at 1100 mL/min, which could confound epidemiological studies seeking to link nicotine delivery to product satisfaction and acceptability.
The So-Called Series Qualifier Canon

In Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid, a near-unanimous Supreme Court forcefully applied the so-called series-qualifier canon, which purports to state the rule for (among other things) how postpositive modifiers normally attach to certain antecedents. With this canon, the Court identified a presumptive natural reading of the statute at issue, and that presumption framed the rest of the Court’s analysis. Concurring only in the judgment, Justice Alito agreed with the Court’s interpretation but expressed concern over the majority’s heavy reliance on the canon. In Justice Alito’s view, the majority used the canon too much like a rule, despite intuitive reasons to doubt its force. Justice Alito’s intuitions were exactly right. The so-called series-qualifier canon is an unjustified revision to a principle from a single case in the 1920s—a case that materially distorted the real series qualifier principle that America borrowed from England. This essay tells that story. Drawing on formal linguistics and interpretive history, I explain that a series-qualifier principle initially served a much smaller role than the contemporary series-qualifier canon, a supposed “rule” that runs contrary to English usage and processing. By relying on this contemporary misstatement and not on the true series-qualifier principle, the Court in Facebook committed a serious process error and potentially set up lower courts to approach interpretation in a way that will undermine textualism’s core commitments.
Trusting Human–Machine Teaming

Equipping humanoid robots with software-intensive artificial intelligence and machine learning systems introduces opportunities for enhancing human–machine teaming and challenges for placing trust in those relationships.
Correlation between jugular and central venous pressures in laterally recumbent horses

Abstract Objective To compare and correlate right atrial pressure, which represents central venous pressure (CVP) to jugular vein pressure (JVP) in laterally recumbent horses under anesthesia. Study design Retrospective clinical trial. Animals Seven adult healthy horses (411 ± 8.7 kg). Methods Horses were sedated with IV xylazine and anesthesia was obtained with IV ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. All horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the right jugular vein to measure JVP. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the left jugular vein to be used as the port for a 7F 110 cm catheter that reached the right atrium to measure CVP. Both, CVP and JVP were measured simultaneously with a water calibrated aneroid manometer using the sternum as the 0 cmH2O reference point. Measurements were compared using Spearman correlation and the Bland-Altman plot. Results Twenty paired samples were obtained over a period of 2 hours. The CVP ranged from 7 to 31 cmH2O, while the JVP ranged from 5 to 30 cmH2O. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that CVP and JVP had a strong correlation with r = 0.88. The Bland-Altman plot showed a bias of 0.7 cmH2O. Conclusion and clinical relevance Jugular vein pressure showed a strong correlation with CVP in healthy, euvolemic, laterally recumbent anesthetized adult horses. Thus, JVP cannot replace CVP but it may be used clinically to monitor CVP in laterally recumbent horses.
Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation: A combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study

Abstract This study examines the effect of increasing heart rate by atrial pacing on the left ventricular endsystolic pressure-volume relation and determines whether peak pressure can be used instead of end-systolic pressure. Measurements were made of cardiac output (by thermodilution), pulmonary arterial pressure, ejection fraction (by radionuclide angiography), and aortic pressure (by intraarterial catheter). End-systolic pressure was measured at the dicrotic notch. The end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were determined from the ejection fraction and cardiac output. There was excellent correlation in pressure-volume relation determined by peak pressure and end-systolic pressure (r = 0.95). In 8 normal subjects there was
NEUTRINO-DEUTERON INTERACTION CROSS SECTIONS AT LAMPF ENERGIES*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses neutrino–deuteron interaction cross-sections at Los Alamos Meson Facility (LAMPF) energies. Measurement of neutrino fluxes at the LAMPF may be practicable if mediated by the process described by the equation: ν + D→ 2p + e−. The energy spectrum of neutrinos from the LAMPF beam dump will extend up to approximately 53 MeV. The chapter discusses a calculation that is modified by introducing proton and deuteron wave functions fitted to recent data, meson exchange corrections, and a determined value of the relevant coupling constant. The proton–proton wave function was obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation utilizing a 3-meson velocity dependent potential. The parameters of the potential were adjusted to fit recently published p–p scattering phases. The meson exchange contributions continue to enhance the percentagewise increment in the cross-section.
Determination of lead in urine by an ion exchange method.

Abstract An ion exchange method for the determination of lead in urine is described which involves 1) the automatic feeding of urine into an ion exchange column; 2) the concentration of lead from urine by a suitable resin; 3) the elution of lead from the resin by an acid, and 4) the subsequent determination of lead by an acceptable method. The results obtained by this method from the urines of lead-exposed persons compare favorably with results obtained by other methods. Recovery in lead-spiked urine is 90 to 100%.
Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Iso-octane SI-HCCI Transition

We describe a CHEMKIN-based multi-zone model that simulates the expected combustion variations in a single-cylinder engine fueled with iso-octane as the engine transitions from spark-ignited (SI) combustion to homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. The model includes a 63-species reaction mechanism and mass and energy balances for the cylinder and the exhaust flow. For this study we assumed that the SI-to-HCCI transition is implemented by means of increasing the internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at constant engine speed. This transition scenario is consistent with that implemented in previously reported experimental measurements on an experimental engine equipped with variable valve actuation. We find that the model captures many of the important experimental trends, including stable SI combustion at low EGR (-0.10), a transition to highly unstable combustion at intermediate EGR, and finally stable HCCI combustion at very high EGR (-0.75). Remaining differences between the predicted and experimental instability patterns indicate that there is further room for model improvement.
Ranking-Verfahren für Web-Suchmaschinen

Typische Web-Suchen liefern tausende Ergebnisse. Deshalb ist es von zentraler Bedeutung, dass die Suchmaschine die Ergebnisse sinnvoll sortiert, damit die wichtigsten Ergebnisse auf einen Blick zu erfassen sind. Hierzu wurden im Laufe der Jahre viele Verfahren entwickelt und verbessert. Wir behandeln in diesem Kapitel sowohl Verfahren, die auf dem Text der Webseiten basieren als auch solche, die die Verlinkungsstruktur berucksichtigen. Abschliesend betrachten wir mogliche Erweiterungen der Suchverfahren fur die Zukunft, ausgehend von technologischen Veranderungen im World Wide Web.
A method to obtain meV-collision-energy resolution in scattering studies: application to the H+D2 → HD(ν′=0, j′)+D(θrel<80°) reaction at Erel=1.275±0.011 eV

Abstract Previous work has shown that a one-to-one correspondence between the speed and scattering angle of state-selected AB products of the gas-phase reaction sequence AX+hν → A+X, A+BC → AB+C can be exploited to measure state-to-state differential cross-sections without resorting to molecular beams. Here we demonstrate a modification to this photoinitiated technique that enables for the observation of the forward- and backward-scattered products of a reaction with improved collision energy resolution. This modification is demonstrated by its application to the measurement of the j′ dependence of the yield of forward-scattered HD product in the reaction H+D2 → HD(ν′=0, j′)+D at 1.275±0.011 eV. The data obtained are consistent with quantum scattering calculations that do not include the geometric phase.
Cognitive executive functions and work: Advancing from job jeopardy to success following a brain aneurysm

Cognitive executive functions have significant implicati ons for quality of life and succeeding at home, in the community and at work. This paper reviews the return to work of an internationally acclaimed professional who was medically treated for the physical effects of a brain aneurysm, but whose resulting cognitive deficits were not identified until he experienced fai lure at work and accompanying depression and anxiety. Review of the Occupational Therapy Work Services includes the accommodations, strategies and client-centered collaborative efforts tha t led to enduring success at home, the community and work.
Electrical properties of polyimides for interlevel isolation and active device gate isolation

A report is presented on the results of a comparative series of experiments conducted on thin polyimide layers, of thicknesses in the range approximately 600 A to >1.5 mu m, containing intentionally introduced and controlled amounts of Na. The levels of Na ranged from undoped ( >
The evolution of postcopulatory displays in dabbling ducks (Anatini): a phylogenetic perspective

Abstract Although postcopulatory displays are widespread in animals, little is known about their function or the intended receiver. The postcopulatory displays of dabbling ducks are among the best described for any animal group. We documented the presence of initial and additional postcopulatory displays in nearly all dabbling duck species. We then reconstructed the evolution of postcopulatory displays in dabbling ducks using a phylogeny derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences. The display immediately following copulation (the initial display) is highly stereotyped in most species and shows extreme phylogenetic conservation. In contrast, the performance of additional displays is less stereotyped and less phylogenetically conservative. We review the possible functions of postcopulatory displays. Using evidence from display orientation, display form and phylogenetic reconstruction, we suggest that the most likely functions of postcopulatory displays in dabbling ducks are pair bond maintenance, individual identification, or signalling a successful copulation.
The Cooperative Extension Model

Since the Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service (MAS) has Taken the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative. Extension Service (CES) as the model on which to, chart its future, I have been asked to comment on the latter and to generalize its implications for the former. In fairness to you who read this, I should introduce an up-front caveat: whereas I have not had; personal experience with Marine extension, my research in culture change, in this country and Ireland, has brought me into close contact with agriculture and home economics extension activity, and my tenure in university-administration, and work with the Peace Corps in its early days, further heightened my interest in CES, both as a training model and as a delivery system.
Regulation of gene-activation pathways by PIAS proteins in the immune system

The protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family of proteins has been proposed to regulate the activity of many transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), nuclear factor-κB, SMA- and MAD-related proteins (SMADs), and the tumour-suppressor protein p53. PIAS proteins regulate transcription through several mechanisms, including blocking the DNA-binding activity of transcription factors, recruiting transcriptional corepressors or co-activators, and promoting protein sumoylation. Recent genetic studies support an in vivo function for PIAS proteins in the regulation of innate immune responses. In this article, we review the current understanding of the molecular basis, specificity and physiological roles of PIAS proteins in the regulation of gene-activation pathways in the immune system.
Partial hepatectomy in the mouse

As interest in the immunologic and energy substrate effect of partial hepatectomy has increased, a need for a reproducible model of hepatic resection has become necessary. The classic description for hepatectomy in small animals is the rat. In this report, we standardize the percentages of varying liver resection. C3H 8-week-old mice were subjected to 42% hepatectomy by removal of the right lobe and lateral aspect of the median lobe of the liver. Particular care was taken in ligation to avoid the gallbladder and to preserve the portal vein flow to the remaining lobes. The mortality rate for this procedure was 4%. Addition of the medial segment of the median lobe provided a 63% hepatectomy with 75% mortality. Using the operating microscope reduced this latter mortality to 17%. Important species differences exist between rat and mouse liver anatomy. The presence of the gallbladder in the mouse requires attention when employing mass ligature technique to avoid obstruction to the extrahepatic biliary tree. This can be safely and reproducibly accomplished if the hepatectomy is confined to the right lobe and lateral aspect of the median lobe. A more extensive hepatectomy in the mouse requires the operating microscope.
Novel self-expanding stent system for enhanced provisional bifurcation stenting: Examination by StentBoost and intravascular ultrasound.

A 62-year-old man underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of a bifurcation lesion (Medina type 010) involving the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery and an important first diagonal branch with a novel stent specifically designed for bifurcations, the Stentys coronary bifurcation system. This is a self-expanding nitinol stent, with Z-shaped struts linked by interconnections that can be disconnected (in prespecified points every 1.5 mm all around the circumference and the length of the stent) at the level of the ostium of the side branch, simply by inflating an angioplasty balloon tracked to the ostium of the side branch, through the stent struts. The steps required for deployment of the stent and the final result obtained were evaluated by intravascular ultrasound examination and StentBoost Subtract, a specific X-ray stent-enhancing visualization technique. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The competitive incentives of vertically integrated local exchange carriers: An economic and policy analysis

The U.S. Congress passed sweeping telecommunications reform legislation in 1996 that will enable the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) to enter the interLATA long-distance market once certain conditions are met. This legislation empowers the state public service commissions, the Federal Communications Commission and the Justice Department to determine collectively when RBOC entry into interLATA long-distance markets satisfies the public interest. This article reveals that as long as RBOC long-distance market shares remain below certain critical levels, the RBOCs do not have the incentives (despite having the opportunity) to discriminate against their downstream competitors. These findings suggest that a public policy focused exclusively on eliminating the opportunity to discriminate may needlessly delay RBOC entry into interLATA markets and thereby deprive consumers of the benefits of enhanced competition.
'A variant of uncertain significance' and the proliferation of human disease gene databases

The rapid accumulation of mutation data has led to the creation of nearly 300 locus-specific mutation databases. These sites may contain a few dozen to almost 20,000 mutations for a given gene. Many of the mutations are uncharacterised and have no known effects on the gene product, the 'variant of uncertain significance'. Here, the statistics of mutation distribution are examined for six different gene databases: BRCA1 and BRCA2, haemoglobin-beta (HBB), HPRT1, CFTR and TP53. The percentage of all possible point mutations for a protein (the mutation space) is calculated for each gene and the question 'How much mutation data is enough?' is raised.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of excitons for evaluation of high-quality CdTe crystals

Abstract Near band-edge photoluminescence spectra are presented for a variety of CdTe samples. The relationship between sample quality and exciton emission spectra is discussed. Time-resolved spectroscopy, excitation spectroscopy, and power-dependence of photoluminescence are reported. The change in exciton photoluminescence power dependence with excitation wavelength indicates that the superlinear power dependence is due to the formation of excitons from photoexcited electrons and holes.
Erectile dysfunction following treatment of prostate cancer: new insights and therapeutic options

Abstract Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer in adult men. Its treatment usually results in compromised or absent erectile function. This article will review the treatment options available to resume sexual activity following prostate cancer therapy and will focus on non-surgical treatment options. In addition, intracavernosal injection therapy has been shown to enhance recovery of spontaneous, unassisted erections when started shortly after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Most recently, oral treatment with sildenafil citrate begun shortly after surgery was shown in a placebo-controlled trial to encourage return of normal erections. Presumably this occurs by promoting nocturnal erections which appear to prevent the permanent neurovascular damage to the penis following radical prostate surgery.
The "floating door sign" in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) display micrographia. We report a new method to elicit micrographic drawing in individuals with PD and compare this to drawing in individuals with essential tremor (ET). We asked 81 individuals with PD and 19 individuals with ET to draw a house and write a sentence. We examined house height and whether vertical lines of the door connected to the house floor. If both vertical door lines failed to reach the floor by more than 1mm we designated this a “floating door sign”. House height of p = 0.0103). 24 of 81 PD patients compared with 1 of 19 ET patients had micrographic writing ( p = 0.0224). 60 of 81 PD patients compared with 9 of 19 ET patients had micrographic drawing ( p = 0.00526). The “floating door sign” correlated with micrographic writing ( p = 0.0275) but not micrographic drawing. The “floating door sign” had a positive predictive value for PD but not ET. We believe it correlates with hypometeric hand movements which cause inadequate stroke size, a phenomenon described in PD.