cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LIGHT‐INTENSITY DEPENDENCE OF THE IN VIVO FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME OF CHLOROPHYLL*

— Phase-fluorometer measurements of the fluorescence lifetime, τ, from chlorophyll in Chlorella, Bishop's 8 and 11 Scenedesmus mutants, sugarbeet leaf and chloroplast fragments demonstrate that: τ is independent of modulation frequency at 27 and 14 mc. in the experimental-wavelength range from 650 to 735 nm (with blue or blue-green excitation); with Chlorelfa and chloroplast fragments τ rises hyperbolically with intensity to τmax about 2 nsec and 0·7 nsec respectively; DCMU poisoned Chlorella and sugarbeet leaf as well as the mutants have τ values near 2 nsec; the lifetime-incident intensity relationship for Chlorella and chloroplast fragments is quantitatively similar to the incident-intensity dependence of fluorescence yield and oxygen evolution and thus supports the hypothesis that these three measuring variables are controlled by the concentration of ‘open’ trapping systems; τ is independent of emission wave-length to suggest that fluorescence is dominated by a single chlorophyll species. The reaction velocity-lifetime correlation indicates that fluorescence behavior is directly controlled by system II.
1031-37 Does ACE Inhibition Affect the Response to IV Digoxin?

The efficacy of digoxin (dig) in heart failure patients with normal sinus rhythm is related to a fall in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) caused directly a indirectly by decreased neurohormonal activation. To determine if prior ACE inhibition (ACE-I) limits the hemodynamic effects of IV dig, we compared the response of 26 pts receiving ACE-I to 7 pts not exposed to ACE-I. Mean daily ACE-I doses were enalapril 21 mg or captopril 94 mg. Mean arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge a right atrial pressures (MAP, PCW a RAP mmHg), systemic vascular resistance (SVR, d-s-cl. cardiac index (CI, I/min/M 2 ) heart rate (HR, min -1 ) and ejection fraction (EF, %) were assessed at baseline. Pts were severely ill, with no differences between groups: EF PCW CI MAP HR RAP SVR ACE-I 22 23 1.6 93 91 12 2126 No ACE-I 21 24 1.8 94 97 11 1921 Pts were then given two 0.5 mg doses of dig, 2 hrs apart. Change (Δ) in hemodynamic parameters from before drug administration to 2 hours after the second dose of dig are shown for all pts (ALL) and for pts receiving and not receiving ACE-I, with * = p l 0.05 v. baseline. ACE-I and No ACE-I pts were compared, with differences between groups shown as † = p l 0.05 v. ACE-I: ΔPCW ΔCI ΔMAP ΔHR ΔRAP ΔSVR ALL -4 * +0.4 * +7 * -5 * -5 * -218 * ACE-I -3 * +0.4 * +8 * -4 * -4 * -186 No ACE-I -8 * , † +0.5 * +5 -9 * -6 * -335 * p l 005 v. baseline † p l 0.05 v. ACE-I Dig caused a marked hemodynamic response in all pts. However, PCW, RAP. SVR, and HR decreased less in ACE-I pts. Similarly, MAP tended to increase more in pts receiving ACE-I. Conclusion IV dig exerts a marked hemodynamic response in severely ill CHF pts receiving ACE-I. However, ACE-I limits the extent of vasodilation caused by acute digoxin administration.
Extended Conical Flow Theory for Design of Pressure Probes in Supersonic Flows with Moderate Flow Angularity and Swirl

Total and static pressures are vital measurements in any supersonic experiment. By measuring these two pressures, the Mach number can be inferred. Most ows of interests are highly three dimensional, but with moderate swirl. Because of this threedimensionality, the total and static pressures must be measured ideally at the same location. A miniature probe of 10deg: half-angle was designed and experimentally calibrated to asses the eectiveness of the Krasnov similarity laws to scale the inuence of the truncated tip on the downstream cone surface pressure distribution. A recently developed uncertainty quantication approach based on polynomial chaos has been used to quantify the eect of geometric uncertainty coming from probe manufacturing tolerances on the measured Mach number utilizing computational uid dynamics. The relative variation in the Mach number due to geometric uncertainty was found to be less than 1.0%. The cone angle was determined to be the most dominant uncertain geometric parameter on the results as a result of a sensitivity analysis. The applicability of the Krasnov similarity laws is proposed as a mean to circumvent or guide the traditional and expensive experimental approach used for the calibration of a multi-hole conical probe at zero angle of attack.
Age-associated changes in the micronuclear cycle of Tetrahymena thermophila A III heterokaryons. A brief note.

The micronuclear cycle of Tetrahymena thermophila A∗III heterokaryons is shown to change with increasing clonal age. Autoradiographic and cytofluorimetric studies suggest that alteration may be due to (1) loss of late replicating sequences, or (2) (more likely) changes in the timing of micronuclear division and S with respect to cytokinesis.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases (2nd Edition)

Richard D. Sontheimer and Thomas T. Provost (Eds.)Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, 2004318 pp., $149.00ISBN 0-7817-3478-9This 25 authored textbook is a valuable addition to the l...
Changes in Δ5- and Δ7-sterols during germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maximaduring germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maxima

While seeds ofCucurbita maxima contain both Δ5- and Δ7-sterols, the former, which have been described earlier, now have been found to disappear during germination. This suggests that a function exists for the Δ5-compounds only in the early part of the life cycle ofC. maxima, unlike most of the other higher plants studied. In contrast to the Δ5-sterols, the level of Δ7-sterols increased during germination as well as during seedling development and maturation. The period of transition between germination and seedling development appeared to be of special importance in terms of sterol changes. This period represented a surge of sterol biosynthesis with an ontogenetic shift in sterol composition from approximately equal amounts of 24α- and 24β-ethyl stereochemistry to a predominance of the former. The sterol composition of the mature plants included only about 5% of the 24β-ethylsterols. The configurational relationships were demonstrated by high resolution1H-NMR. The sterols of the mature plants were: 25(27)-dehydrochondrillasterol, 24β-ethyl-25(27)-dehydrolathosterol, avenasterol, spinasterol, 22-dihydrospinasterol and 24ξ-methyllathosterol. Based on the changes which occurred in the relative amounts of the Δ7-sterols, it did not appear that the Δ5-components were being converted to their Δ7-analogs.
Molecular analysis of the magnocellular neuroendocrine phenotype: from the micropunch to laser microdissection.

Microdissection of selected regions of central nervous system (CNS) has provided the basis of modern chemoarchitectonics. Laser microdissection is a modern variant of the “Palkovits punch” technique and used together with gene array analysis has revolutionalized CNS molecular analysis. Here we describe the use of such an approach to elucidate molecules selectively expressed in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MCNs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). We found 123 genes that are preferentially expressed in the SON, and of these, 89 were substantially osmoregulated in their expression. One of these, C1q domain containing 1, is a novel gene that is osmoregulated much more than even vasopressin itself.
Weak compactness inL 1(λ) and injective banach spaces

The isomorphic embedding of the Banach spacel i(Γ) into injective Banach spaces is investigated.
During Influenza Season: All Influenza-Like Illnesses Are Not Due to Influenza: Dengue Mimicking Influenza

Abstract Background During influenza season, many patients present to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation with influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). ILIs are commonly due to influenza A or B, but other infections may mimic influenza in their clinical presentation. With the high volume of ILIs presenting to the ED during influenza season, the ED physician should be alert to other infections masquerading as influenza. Case Report We report an interesting case of a 31-year-old female who presented with an ILI during influenza season. She had recently been in contact with multiple people with influenza. Her nonspecific laboratory tests done in the ED were consistent with influenza, except for a highly elevated serum ferritin level. The serum ferritin level was the key finding that led to the correct diagnosis of dengue fever, which she acquired during a recent trip to Haiti. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? During influenza season, facing high patient volumes of ILIs in the ED, the ED physician needs to be aware of clinical features in ILIs that may suggest a mimic of influenza.
Diffusion theory and telemedicine adoption by Kansas health-care providers: Critical factors in telemedicine adoption for improved patient access.

Twenty counties in Kansas were randomly selected from those designated as rural on the basis of their populations. A sample of 356 physicians and physicians' assistants in these counties was chosen. A postal survey was sent to the identified providers up to three times. One hundred and eighty-six of the questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 52%). In all, 76% of the respondents were physicians, 76% were men and 42% were family practitioners. Practitioners were classified as adopters or non-adopters of telemedicine, based on their report of whether they had ever referred one or more patients for a health-care consultation via telemedicine. Of the 167 participants who marked this item, 30 (18%) were adopters and 137 (82%) were non-adopters. Among the adopters, 16 (53%) said that they expected to use telemedicine with about the same frequency or more often in the future. In contrast, 61 (45%) non-adopters reported that they did not expect to refer patients by telemedicine in the future and 51 (37%) were unsure. Neither age (r = 0.16, P = 0.44) nor gender (chi2 = 2.35, P = 0.13) was related to the adoption variable or the number of referrals made to telemedicine clinics. The results suggest that adopters and non-adopters of telemedicine perceive its value very differently, and that an opportunity exists to promote the concept to non-adopters more effectively.
The use of extended field view ultrasound in assessment of amniotic fluid volume

Abstract Objective: Amniotic fluid volume assessment is currently performed by using single view amniotic fluid index (AFI). We hypothesized that extended field view (EFV) ultrasound would provide comparable data in less time than the traditional AFI. Methods: Fifty singleton pregnancies between 16 and 39 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The Sonoline Elegra Advanced Ultrasound System (Siemens Medical Systems, Inc) was used to obtain EFV AFI by performing a single vertical sweep of the transducer on each side of the uterus. The largest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid in each quadrant was then measured. Traditional single view AFI was calculated by obtaining individual views of each uterine quadrant. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. Results: There were no statistical differences in AFI between the two techniques. Mean time was significantly shorter using EFV ultrasound. Conclusions: No studies to date have examined the clinical utility of EFV ultrasound in assessing AFI. We have shown that AFI by extended field view ultrasound gives comparable results in a more timely fashion than single view AFI measurement. Extended field Single view P Value Mean AFI 12.7 cm 13.3 cm 0.54 Mean time 46.6 sec 95.1 sec 0.003
Differences between retrieval cues in effectiveness as recall aids

Ss learned a single list of words to which two sets of cues were relevant. For both sets of cues, number of items per cue ranged from 2 to 16. Cues for which relevant items were relatively high-frequency free associates (conceptual cues) led to higher recall than did cues to which list items were relatively low-frequency responses (alphabetical cues). Free-recall instructions led to higher recall than did alphabetical cues to which more than six items were relevant, but recall from large conceptual categories was not inferior to free recall of the same items. The results suggest that rather than sharing a common limit on the number of items they can retrieve, cues vary in effectiveness. Thus, free-recall performance will be affected by the particular S units into which S organizes a set of words, as well as by the number of such units he uses.
Spectroscopy of discrete vertically oriented single-crystals of n-type tetraazaterrylene: understanding the role of defects in molecular semiconductor photovoltaics

Recent synthetic work has realized a novel (n-type) small-molecule acceptor, 7,8,15,16-tetra-aza-terrylene (TAT), single-crystals of which can be grown oriented along the c-axis crystallographic direction, and over-coated with pentacene to form a highly ordered donor/acceptor interface for use in organic photovoltaic devices. However, characterization of single TAT crystals reveals highly variable emission spectra and excited state dynamics – properties which strongly influence photovoltaic performance. Through the use of single-crystal widefield imaging, photoluminescence spectroscopy, time correlated single photon counting, and resonant Raman studies, we conclude that this variability is a result of long-lived low-energy trap-emission from packing defects. Interestingly, we also discovered that TAT crystals whose width exceeds ∼200 nm begin acting as waveguides and optical microcavity resonators for their own photoluminescence. Several strategies are proposed for leveraging the size-dependant optical properties of TAT pillars to further enhance device performance using this active layer design.
Light scattering by magnons in CoO, MnO, and α-MnS

Light scattering in antiferromagnetic crystals CoO, MnO, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{MnS}$ has been studied experimentally in the temperature range from 6 to 300 K. The spectra showed peaks associated with one-magnon and two-magnon excitations. These structures diminished with increasing temperature, becoming unobservable above the N\'eel temperature. Polarization of the scattered light, which is important for the identification of the structures, was investigated for CoO. Raman scattering due to phonons was observed for MnO. The measured spectra for MnO and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{MnS}$ also showed photoluminescence, the spectral position of which was found to be independent of the frequency of incident radiation. A theoretical treatment of magnon excitations was worked out which takes into account the existence of many single-ion states. The existing information on magnons in these crystals can be satisfactorily interpreted.
Automatable screening of yeast artificial-chromosome libraries based on the oligonucleotide-ligation assay

The systematic screening of yeast artificial-chromosome (YAC) libraries is the limiting step in many physical mapping projects. To improve the screening throughput for a human YAC library, we designed an automatable strategy to identify YAC clones containing a specific segment of DNA. Our approach combines amplification of the target sequence from pooled YAC DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with detection of the sequence by an ELISA-based oligonucleotide-ligation assay (OLA). The PCR-OLA approach eliminates the use of radioactive isotopes and gel electrophoresis, two of the major obstacles to automated YAC screening. Furthermore, the use of the OLA to test for the presence of sequences internal to PCR primers provides an additional level of sensitivity and specificity in comparison to methods that rely solely on the PCR.
Myc-Foxo, a link between glutaminolysis and autophagy

Our recent observations that dMyc expression in the Drosophila FB -a metabolic tissue with similar physiological functions as mammalian adipose tissue and liver – remotely influences the development of the whole animal, allows us to explore its function in a living growing organism. dMyc in FB increases animal survival, which correlates with an increased level of autophagy, especially visible in FB from animals under starvation. Our preliminary data show that in addition to enzymes responsible for glycolysis, dMyc upregulates in FB the expression of the putative glutamine transporter slcA7/minidiscs and of glutaminase, the enzyme that converts glutamine to alfaketoglutarate with the production of ammonia. By varying the nutrient availability, we found that dMyc expression induces the accumulation of high levels of ammonia in the supernatant of S2 cells. Ex-vivo cultures of FB incubated in these supernatants exhibited autophagy, suggesting that dMyc is responsible for the expression of soluble proautophagic factors, possibly ammonia. In FB autophagy is particularly evident during starvation, conditions where dFOXO transcription sustains dMyc expression. Using genetic manipulation of components of glutamine metabolism we are currently exploring if the relationship between dMyc and dFOXO in FB affects ammonia production and autophagy via glutamine catabolism. With these experiments we aim to understand whether FOXO regulates Myc to induce glutamine signaling, placing FOXO-function relevant for glutaminolysis, which is one of the most relevant survival pathways in tumor cells.
Analytical and Thermal Modeling of High-Speed Machining With Chamfered Tools

High-speed machining offers several advantages such as increased flexibility and productivity for discrete-part manufacturing. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high temperatures on the tool and workpiece surfaces in high-speed machining leads to a shorter tool life and poor part quality, especially if the tool edge geometry and cutting conditions were not selected properly. In this study, analytical and thermal modeling of high-speed machining with chamfered tools in the presence of dead metal zone has been presented to investigate the effects of cutting conditions, heat generation, and resultant temperature distributions at the tool and in the workpiece. An analytical slip-line field model is utilized to investigate the process mechanics and friction at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces in the presence of the dead metal zone in machining with a negative rake chamfered polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool. In order to identify friction conditions, a set of orthogonal cutting tests is performed on AISI 4340 steel and chip geometries and cutting forces are measured. Thermal modeling of machining with chamfered tools based on moving band heat source theory, which utilizes the identified friction conditions and stress distributions on the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces, is also formulated and temperature distributions at the tool, cutting zone, and in the workpiece are obtained. These temperature distributions are compared with the results obtained from finite element simulations. The comparison of temperature fields indicates that the proposed model provides reasonable solutions to understand the mechanics of machining with chamfered tools. Models presented here can be further utilized to optimize the tool geometry and cutting conditions for increasing benefits that high-speed machining offers.
Assessment of cognitive development in adolescents by means of neuropsychological tasks

Development of the frontal lobes of the brain is known to continue through late adolescence, in contrast to the earlier maturation of other cortical regions. Because cortical regions appear to mature at different rates, neuropsychological tests that are differentially sensitive to functioning of specific cortical regions were used to examine developmental trends in cognitive performance. Seventy‐two participants were classified into 3 stages of development: prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal. The results demonstrated that performance improved throughout adolescence on 9 of the 11 neuropsychological tasks. The few sex differences that were identified primarily consisted of male participants performing better than female participants on visual‐spatial tasks. Results from the a priori comparisons indicate that the tasks associated with frontal lobe functioning showed more improvement across maturational stages than tasks associated with parietal lobe functioning. Results are discussed in terms of the re...
Relocation of nonalbumin proteins after albumin resuscitation

Abstract Prior work showed that albumin (5% A) resuscitation lowered serum globulins and coagulation protein activity levels compared to balanced electrolyte solution (BES) resuscitation. In this experiment, the effect of 1.25% A in BES (A-BES) on serum and lymphatic levels of nonalbumin proteins was studied in 20 splenectomized dogs subjected to reservoir shock and then treated with (a) BES or A-BES, (b) shed blood, and (c) autogenous bank blood. Serum levels of albumin, globulin, and coagulation protein activity were measured preshock, postshock, and daily for 3 dyas; skin lymph levels were measured on Day 3. Compared to BES, A-BES resuscitation significantly decreased serum globulins and coagulation protein activity of fibrinogen, Factor VIII, and antithrombin III. In contrast, skin lymph globulins and coagulation protein activity levels increased significantly with A-BES compared to BES resuscitation. These data suggest that the serum protein changes seen with albumin-supplemented resuscitation result from extravascular relocation of nonalbumin proteins, possibly, due to an oncotic homeostatic factor.
Kinematic perturbations on the benzene 1B2u ← 1A1g two-photon spectrum: s-C6H3D3

Abstract The importance of kinematic perturbations on the two-photon spectrum of benzene corresponding to the 1 B 2u ← 1 A 1g transition is demonstrated by the spectrum of s -benzene-d 3 .ν 9 , absent in the C 6 H 6 spectrum (where it is e 2g ) appears strongly in s -C 6 H 3 D 3 .
Simulation in shipyards: simulation of shipbuilding operations

This paper discusses the objectives and requirements for a shipbuilding simulation. It presents an overview of a generic simulation of shipbuilding operations. The shipbuilding simulation model can be used as a tool to analyze the schedule impact of new workload, evaluate production scenarios, and identify resource problems. The simulation helps identify resource constraints and conflicts between competing jobs. The simulation can be used to show expected results of inserting new technologies or equipment into the shipyard, particularly with respect to operating costs and schedule impact. The use of DOD High Level Architecture (HLA) and Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) as an integration mechanism for distributed simulation is also discussed briefly.
Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline alter fibrinogen binding by Bacteroides intermedius.

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a strain of Bacteroides intermedius, VPI 8944, an organism isolated originally from a patient with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, binds human fibrinogen rapidly, reversibly, specifically, saturably, and with high affinity (M.S. Lantz, L.M. Switalski, K.S. Kornman, and M. Hook, J. Bacteriol. 163:623-628, 1985). We examined the effect of growth in subinhibitory levels (sub-MICs) of tetracycline on fibrinogen binding by these bacteria and found concentration-dependent inhibition of fibrinogen binding by bacteria grown in the presence of tetracycline over the range of tetracycline concentrations from 1/64 to 1/8 the MIC. Analysis of the binding data suggests that bacteria grown in the presence of sub-MICs of tetracycline bind fewer fibrinogen molecules per cell than do bacteria grown in the absence of the drug. If fibrinogen-mediated adherence is important in the establishment B. intermedius in periodontal lesions and lesions of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, then tetracycline may be effective in disrupting establishment of these organisms at concentrations well below those required to achieve a bacteriostatic effect.
Mountain masters as confederate opportunists: The profitability of slavery in Western North Carolina, 1861–65

(1995). Mountain masters as confederate opportunists: The profitability of slavery in Western North Carolina, 1861–65. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 85-100.
Correlates of Self-Consciousness

Examined the relationship between the three subscales of the Self-Consciousness Scale and a variety of other personality dimensions, including measures of reflectivity, self-regulation, and social desirability. Data from six geographically diverse samples (total N = 1395) were presented. In general, both the construct validity and discriminant validity of the subscales were supported. First, private self-consciousness significantly correlated with the Guilford-Zimmerman Thoughtfulness Scale and the Paivio Imagery Scale. Second, all of the self-consciousness subscales were shown to be relatively independent of the social desirability response set. Third, less than 6% of the variance in each self-consciousness subscale was shared with scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale. Finally, the minimal relationships between the self-consciousness subscales and measures of emotionality and test anxiety reported by Carver and Glass (1976) were in general replicated. The low magnitude of the correlations obtained was interpreted as supporting the distinctive contribution of the Self-Consciousness Scale to personality assessment.
Identifying components of the hair-cell interactome involved in cochlear amplification

Although outer hair cells (OHCs) play a key role in cochlear amplification, it is not fully understood how they amplify sound signals by more than 100 fold. Two competing or possibly complementary mechanisms, stereocilia-based and somatic electromotility-based amplification, have been considered. Lacking knowledge about the exceptionally rich protein networks in the OHC plasma membrane, as well as related protein-protein interactions, limits our understanding of cochlear function. Therefore, we focused on finding protein partners for two important membrane proteins: Cadherin 23 (cdh23) and prestin. Cdh23 is one of the tip-link proteins involved in transducer function, a key component of mechanoelectrical transduction and stereocilia-based amplification. Prestin is a basolateral membrane protein responsible for OHC somatic electromotility. Using the membrane-based yeast two-hybrid system to screen a newly built cDNA library made predominantly from OHCs, we identified two completely different groups of potential protein partners using prestin and cdh23 as bait. These include both membrane bound and cytoplasmic proteins with 12 being de novo gene products with unknown function(s). In addition, some of these genes are closely associated with deafness loci, implying a potentially important role in hearing. The most abundant prey for prestin (38%) is composed of a group of proteins involved in electron transport, which may play a role in OHC survival. The most abundant group of cdh23 prey (55%) contains calcium-binding domains. Since calcium performs an important role in hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction and amplification, understanding the interactions between cdh23 and calcium-binding proteins should increase our knowledge of hair cell function at the molecular level. The results of this study shed light on some protein networks in cochlear hair cells. Not only was a group of de novo genes closely associated with known deafness loci identified, but the data also indicate that the hair cell tip link interacts directly with calcium binding proteins. The OHC motor protein, prestin, also appears to be associated with electron transport proteins. These unanticipated results open potentially fruitful lines of investigation into the molecular basis of cochlear amplification.
SECOND-ORDER PULSATIONS IN POLYTROPES.

Polytropic models second order pulsations, evaluating stellar pulsational stability and thermal imbalance
mRNA processing independent of RNase III and RNase E in the expression of the F1845 fimbrial adhesin of Escherichia coli.

Abstract F1845, the fimbrial adhesin of a diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli, confers upon the bacteria the ability to adhere to cultured epithelial cells in a diffuse pattern. The fimbrial subunit gene, daaE, is encoded on a polycistronic mRNA which is processed endoribonucleolytically to produce a stable message encoding only daaE. The processing event occurs in bacterial strains with mutations in RNase III or RNase E, the only endoribonucleases which have been implicated in the processing of E. coli mRNA. Sequences encoding a stem-loop structure downstream of daaE play an essential role in determining the stability of the daaE mRNA. Rapid degradation of the sequences upstream of the cleavage site occurs upon processing, suggesting that processing of the F1845 polycistronic mRNA results in differential expression of genes involved in the biogenesis of fimbriae.
A rapid and efficient method for the extraction of total DNA from the sweet potato and its related species

Secondary metabolites, latex/mucilagenous secretions, polysaccharides, and proteins interfere with the extraction of high-quality, restrictable total cellular DNA from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk.] and related species. A method for the DNA extraction is described which overcomes these problems.
Effectively networking unattended ground sensors

DARPA has conducted a number of field measurement, modeling, and system design trade study efforts to determine the most effective way of linking Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS). These network links are needed for both collaborative operations and data and information exfiltration to users. This paper provides an informal summary of the findings of this work.
Pentobarbital for Sedation During Mechanical Ventilation in the Pediatric ICU Patient

In most pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), sedation is provided using opioids and benzodiazepines, either alone or in combination. While these agents are effective in most patients, certain situations may arise in which this usual combination is ineffective. There are no large series outlining the use of pentobarbital for sedation in the PICU population. The current report is a retrospective review of the use of pentobarbital for sedation of 50 patients in the PICU and provides information concerning the use of phenobarbital to prevent withdrawal symptoms following the prolonged administration of pentobarbital. The 50 patients ranged in age from 1 month to 14 years and in weight from 3.1 to 56 kg. All required sedation during mechanical ventilation. Prior to changing to pentobarbital, sedation was inadequate despite midazolam doses of ≥0.4 mg/kg/hr, fentanyl doses of ≥10 μg/kg/hr, and morphine doses of ≥100 μg/kg/hr. The duration of pentobarbital infusion ranged from 2 to 37 days (median 4 days) in doses ranging from 1 to 6 mg/kg/hr (median 2 mg/kg/hr). Twelve patients also received an ongoing opioid infusion for more than 48 hours after starting the pentobarbital infusion to control pain related to a surgical procedure or an acute medical illness. There was an increase in pentobarbital infusion requirements over time. In the 14 patients that received pentobarbital for 5 days or more, the requirements increased from 1.2 ± 0.4 mg/kg/hr on day 1 to 3.4 ± 0.7 mg/kg/hr on day 5 (p < 0.01). Pentobarbital was effective in all 50 patients without significant adverse effects.
Are Baby Boomers Who Care for Their Older Parents Planning for Their Own Future Long-Term Care Needs?

A rapidly expanding number of baby boomers provide care to aging parents. This study examines associations between caregiver status and outcomes related to awareness and anticipation of future long-term care (LTC) needs using 2007 Connecticut Long-Term Care Needs Assessment survey data. Baby boomers who were adult child caregivers (n = 353) versus baby boomers who were not (n = 1242) were more likely to anticipate some future LTC needs and to have considered certain financing strategies. Although baby boomer adult child caregivers more readily anticipate some future LTC needs, they are not taking specific actions. It is important to address the need for public education directed toward those who are currently (or have recently completed) caring for aging parents.
Are Australasian academic physicians an endangered species

It has been stated that academic medicine is in a worldwide crisis. Is this decline in hospital academic practice a predictable consequence of modern clinical practice with its emphasis on community and outpatient-based services as well as a corporate health-care ethos or does it relate to innate problems in the training process and career structure for academic clinicians? A better understanding of the barriers to involvement in academic practice, including the effect of gender, the role and effect of overseas training, expectation of further research degrees and issues pertaining to the Australian academic workplace will facilitate recruitment and retention of the next generation of academic clinicians. Physician-scientists remain highly relevant as medical practice and education evolves in the 21st century. Hospital-based academics carry out a critical role in the ongoing mentoring of trainees and junior colleagues, whose training is still largely hospital based in most specialty programmes. Academic clinicians are uniquely placed to translate the rapid advances in medical biology into the clinical sphere, by guiding and carrying out translational research as well as leading clinical studies. Academic physicians also play key leadership in relations with government and industry, in professional groups and medical colleges. Thus, there is a strong case to assess the problems facing recruitment and retention of physician-scientists in academic practice and to develop workable solutions.
The Effect of Financial Satisfaction on Female Suicide Attitudes in China

Previous research on the correlates of suicide attitudes has neglected gender specific analysis as well as research on other nations. In particular, the influences of female financial satisfaction ...
The national performance review in perspective

The National Performance Review was one of the most ambitious, far-reaching and thoroughly prepared management reform efforts of the twentieth century. This article examines some of the main themes and principles of the NPR. It begins with the Clinton administration's marketing of the effort and goes on to analyze the arguments of its major scholarly critics. It then presents the more practical public management critiques of the NPR implementation. The article concludes with a comparison of the most important contributions and drawbacks of the total effort and delineates the public management dilemmas that the NPR presents to federal managers.
Transport of sucrose, not hexose, in the phloem

Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose and fructose are essentially absent in mobile phloem sap. However, this paradigm has been called into question, especially but not entirely, with respect to species in the Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae. In the experiments in question, phloem sap was obtained by detaching leaves and placing the cut ends of the petioles in an EDTA solution. More hexose than sucrose was detected. In the present study, these results were confirmed for four species. However, almost identical results were obtained when the leaf blades were removed and only petiole stubs were immersed. This suggests that the sugars in the EDTA solution represent compounds extracted from the petioles, rather than sugars in transit in the phloem. In further experiments, the leaf blades were exposed to (14)CO(2) and, following a chase period, radiolabelled sugars in the petioles and EDTA exudate were identified. Almost all the radiolabel was in the form of [(14)C]sucrose, with little radiolabelled hexose. The data support the long-held contention that sucrose is a ubiquitous transport sugar, but hexoses are essentially absent in the phloem stream.
PPAR agonists regulate brain gene expression: relationship to their effects on ethanol consumption.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Although prescribed for dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes, PPAR agonists also possess anti-addictive characteristics. PPAR agonists decrease ethanol consumption and reduce withdrawal severity and susceptibility to stress-induced relapse in rodents. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms facilitating these properties have yet to be investigated. We tested three PPAR agonists in a continuous access two-bottle choice (2BC) drinking paradigm and found that tesaglitazar (PPARα/γ; 1.5 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (PPARα; 150 mg/kg) decreased ethanol consumption in male C57BL/6J mice while bezafibrate (PPARα/γ/β; 75 mg/kg) did not. We hypothesized that changes in brain gene expression following fenofibrate and tesaglitazar treatment lead to reduced ethanol drinking. We studied unbiased genomic profiles in areas of the brain known to be important for ethanol dependence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala, and also profiled gene expression in liver. Genomic profiles from the non-effective bezafibrate treatment were used to filter out genes not associated with ethanol consumption. Because PPAR agonists are anti-inflammatory, they would be expected to target microglia and astrocytes. Surprisingly, PPAR agonists produced a strong neuronal signature in mouse brain, and fenofibrate and tesaglitazar (but not bezafibrate) targeted a subset of GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed co-expression of treatment-significant genes. Functional annotation of these gene networks suggested that PPAR agonists might act via neuropeptide and dopaminergic signaling pathways in the amygdala. Our results reveal gene targets through which PPAR agonists can affect alcohol consumption behavior.
Responding to a positive stimulus by “satiated” pigeons

Abstract Skinner (1938) found that rats given discrimination training (Phase I) and then reinforced to “satiation” for responses in the presence of the negative stimulus (S−) (Phase II), began to respond again when the positive stimulus (S+) was reintroduced (Phase III). Experiment I replicated Skinner's finding with pigeons, alternating S+ and S− presentations during Phase III. In Experiment II, Phase II was extended, and Phase III results were similar to those of Experiment I, demonstrating that the recovery of S+ responding could not be attributed to a lax Phase II satiation criterion. In Experiment III, a uniform schedule of reinforcement was maintained throughout the three phases, and results similar to those of Experiment I were found, indicating that renewed S+ responding was not due to the shift in schedule between phases. In Experiment IV, Phase I consisted of discrimination training with two positive stimuli (S+ s and S+ n ), and Phase II consisted of reinforcement for responses in the presence of S− and S+ s . During Phase III, significantly more responding was found to S+ s and S+ n than to S−, but no difference in responding was found between the two positive stimuli. In Experiment V, Phase I consisted of simple discrimination training, and during Phase II, responses in the presence of both S− and a novel stimulus (So) were reinforced. During Phase III, significantly more responding was found to S+ than to either S− or So, with no difference found between S− and So responding. Renewed responding to S+ during Phase III in the present experiments is best explained by behavioral contrast developed during Phase I.
Joining Scientists and Stakeholders in Regional Earth System Modeling

The 19th Conference of the Parties (COP19) to the United Nations Framework Committee on Climate Change concluded in November 2013 with limited progress toward reducing global emissions of greenhouse gases. However, while international negotiations on climate change have stalled, regional initiatives are quietly starting to play an important role in the fight to subvert catastrophic climate change. Examples include the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative to reduce emissions in the northeast United States and the ClimAct Regions Project, which aims to reduce greenhouse emissions in 60 regions and provinces of Europe.
Different cases, different faces: Chinese investment in Central and Eastern Europe

Chinese investment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is booming. As China’s investment pattern has emerged so far, it appears to have little to do with Chinese firms’ preferences for liberal policy regimes, tolerance for corruption, or reliance on communist-era networks. This article documents the current size and shape of Chinese firms’ efforts to internationalize in this economic space, demonstrating an important difference between Chinese investment behavior in CEE and in the EU-15, namely the region’s much more active use of greenfield activity (and lighter use of M&A and strategic alliances). Case studies of each mode (greenfield, M&A, and strategic alliances) reveal little evidence of a “China, Inc.” approach and much evidence that Chinese firms are more motivated by market access than by technology or management assistance.
Nuclear forensic applications involving high spatial resolution analysis of Trinitite cross-sections

This study reports a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of major and trace element abundances and 240Pu/239Pu ratios within vertically oriented Trinitite thin sections. The upper glassy layer (~2 mm thick) represents fused desert sand combined with devolatilized fallout from the debris cloud. The vertical distribution of 240Pu/239Pu ratios indicates that residual fuel was incorporated deeper (up to ~10 mm depth) into Trinitite than previously reported. This requires thorough mixing and disturbance of the upper cm of the blast site prior to or during the initial melting of the desert sand resulting from the nuclear explosion.
Relative sparing of GABAergic interneurons in the striatum of gerbils with ischemia-induced lesions.

Abstract Striatal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons express intense immunoreactivity to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GABA and parvalbumin. The distribution of these cells in the striatum of gerbils was examined 2–90 days after transient occlusion of the common carotide, a procedure which results in a zone of profound neuronal loss in the dorso-lateral sector of the head of the caudate-putamen (striatum), with relative sparing of somatostatinergic and cholinergic interneurons. Despite a marked decrease in GAD immunoreactivity corresponding to the loss of striatal efferent neurons in this area, isolated neurons expressing intense immunoreactivity to GAD and parvalbumin were still observed in the lesioned area, suggesting that striatal GABAergic interneurons are also relatively spared by ischemic insult in the adult gerbil.
Protein expression analysis ofChlamydia pneumoniae persistence by combined surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

The aim of this study was to examine the protein expression profiles of persistentChlamydia pneumoniae by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Although 2D PAGE is still the method of choice for separating and detecting components of complex protein mixtures, it has several distinct disadvantages; i.e., being labor-intensive and having a bias toward proteins within the dynamic range of the gel condition. Hence, SELDI-TOF-MS technology was used to complement 2D PAGE.C. pneumoniae-infected HEp2 cells were treated with or without IFN-γ, and protein expression profiles were determined at 48 h postinfection (hpi). Unfractionated monolayers were also used for protein profiling by SELDI-TOF, using two different chip surface types: weak cation exchanger and hydrophobic surface. Under IFN-γ-induced persistence,C. pneumoniae expresses an altered protein expression profile. Twenty chlamydial proteins showed differential regulatory patterns by SELDI-TOF-MS, two of which, HSP-70 cofactor, and a hypothetical protein, were identified by 2D PAGE and mass spectrometry. Two additional proteins, phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and 30S ribosomal protein S17, were exclusively identified by SELDI TOF-MS analysis, as these were not present in sufficient quantity for detection by 2D PAGE. We propose that a combination of 2D-PAGE and SELDI-TOF-MS may complement the disadvantages of each technique alone and may provide a rapid and precise screening technique.
Updating realistic access

Universal public access mandates will reveal the value of biomedical research journals. Nearly six years ago Ira Mellman, then Editor-in-Chief of the JCB , published an editorial entitled “Providing realistic access” ([1][1]). It described the Journal's efforts to reconcile its subscription-
Channeling during settling and self-weight consolidation of cohesive sediments

As a part of the settling and self-weight consolidation of fine-grained materials, a common but not widely recognized phenomenon randomly occurs, namely channeling or the formation of narrow vertic...
Health resource utilization and multidisciplinary impact of endoscopic ultrasonography in a tertiary referral medical center

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a resource-intensive endoscopic procedure, but may result in high downstream health resource utilization and multispecialty impact. Our aim was to examine the downstream impact of EUS by specialty and by indication. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed at an academic medical center for patients for whom EUS represented the first point of contact at the study institution within a 20-month period. RESULTS A total of 552 EUS procedures were reviewed and 208 represented the first point of contact. The most common principle indication involved the pancreas (n = 117, 56%). Downstream health utilization was calculated for an average of 313 days postprocedure (range: 35-632 days). Following unique referral for endoscopic ultrasound, 52% of the patients in the study were retained within the institution for further management and, of these, 34% had a major intervention in the form of surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Compared with other indications, patients presenting with a pancreatic mass were significantly more likely to remain in the study institution for further management (62% versus 39%, p = 0.005), were more likely to have a downstream surgery (29% versus 14%, p = 0.020) and were more likely to have downstream chemo-radiotherapy (11% versus 3%, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS EUS represents a unique portal of entry into tertiary referral medical centers. First point of contact EUS referrals are associated with major downstream health resource utilization and significantly increased utilization for mass lesions of the pancreas.
Multiple muons in the Utah detector. I. Measurement

Final and more extensive data on multiple muon events deep underground in the Utah muon detector are presented as rates for multiplicities 1 to 5 in a fiducial plane of 80 m$sup 2$. New results are presented for showers having muon multiplicities from 10 to 50 in a fiducial plane of 100 m$sup 2$. The measurements are taken at depths ranging from a minimum of 1.5times10$sup 5$ g cm$sup -2$ to a maximum of 1.0times10$sup 6$ g cm$sup -2$. The energy per nucleon of the primaries which create the muon shower ranges from 10$sup 13$ to 10$sup 16$ eV.