cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective deposition and stable encapsulation of lithium through heterogeneous seeded growth

Lithium metal is an attractive anode material for rechargeable batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity of 3,860 mAh g−1. Despite extensive research efforts, there are still many fundamental challenges in using lithium metal in lithium-ion batteries. Most notably, critical information such as its nucleation and growth behaviour remains elusive. Here we explore the nucleation pattern of lithium on various metal substrates and unravel a substrate-dependent growth phenomenon that enables selective deposition of lithium metal. With the aid of binary phase diagrams, we find that no nucleation barriers are present for metals exhibiting a definite solubility in lithium, whereas appreciable nucleation barriers exist for metals with negligible solubility. We thereafter design a nanocapsule structure for lithium metal anodes consisting of hollow carbon spheres with nanoparticle seeds inside. During deposition, the lithium metal is found to predominantly grow inside the hollow carbon spheres. Such selective deposition and stable encapsulation of lithium metal eliminate dendrite formation and enable improved cycling, even in corrosive alkyl carbonate electrolytes, with 98% coulombic efficiency for more than 300 cycles. Uncontrolled lithium deposition during cycling is a major concern in the development of lithium-based batteries. Here, the authors analyse the lithium nucleation pattern on various metal substrates and demonstrate that lithium can be selectively deposited in a nanoseed inside hollow carbon spheres.
A method for the quantitation of immunoglobulin class-specific antibodies.

SummaryA new method for the quantitative determination of antibodies according to the immunoglobulin class to which they belong has been described. It consists of two parts: (a) the removal of all antibody in the serum or secretions by absorption with excess antigen; and (b) the quantitation of a single immunoglobulin class of antibody bound to the sedimented antigen by means of a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay. The method is specific, quantitative, and sensitive to at least 1 μg/ml of specific antibody. The procedure is demonstrated by the quantitation of antibodies to sheep red blood cells according to immunoglobulin class in days 4 and 12 mouse antisera and by the detection of immunoglobulin class-specific antibodies to influenza virus in mouse lung washings.
Unsteady Heat Transfer Analysis to Predict Combustor Wall Temperature in Rotating Detonation Engine

Highly non-uniform thermal transients experienced by the containing walls of a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) are investigated in this paper. Unsteady RDC wall heat transfer is investigated by numerical and analytical work to explain the trends and explore the thermal effects of detonation wave propagation over a finite thickness metal wall. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to provide the thermal boundary conditions for the combustor wall. The analytical work is aimed towards development of a simple one-dimensional transient conduction model incorporating unsteady thermal boundary conditions. The numerical model is a 2-D Thermal-Mechanical transient heat conduction model with appropriate convective boundary condition on the interior wall of the combustor. The unsteady heat flux to the walls is mathematically formulated as function of temperature and time to closely resemble the heat flux profiles obtained from CFD simulations and manually repeated to constitute a periodic profile. Both analytical and numerical model predictions have been compared with published experimental data. The ultimate objective of the present study is to develop a simple and reasonable accurate model for faster prediction of metal temperatures and surface heat flux for long duration operation exposed to periodic high frequency harsh detonation environment.
Caffeine is modestly associated with lower birth weight and fetal growth

Commentary on: Sengpiel V, Elind E, Bacelis J, et al. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with birth weight but not with gestational length: results from a large prospective observational cohort study. BMC Med 2013;11:42.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Caffeine consumption is nearly ubiquitous in western societies. Recent clinical recommendations1 have resulted in decreased caffeine consumption during pregnancy, yet caffeine remains as one of the most common xenobiotic exposures in pregnancy. Numerous studies have addressed the question of whether caffeine exposure in pregnancy affects birth outcomes in a diversity of populations, based on varying methods of exposure assessment, differing proportions of caffeine exposure sources, and assorted methodological limitations. Despite methodological differences, the findings across a number of studies have been quite consistent. The collective body of evidence suggests no association between caffeine consumption and preterm delivery or gestational age at delivery; however, the evidence for fetal growth is more equivocal. Sengpiel and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMC%2Bmedicine%2B%255Belectronic%2Bresource%255D%26rft.stitle%253DBMC%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DSengpiel%26rft.auinit1%253DV.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D42%26rft.epage%253D42%26rft.atitle%253DMaternal%2Bcaffeine%2Bintake%2Bduring%2Bpregnancy%2Bis%2Bassociated%2Bwith%2Bbirth%2Bweight%2Bbut%2Bnot%2Bwith%2Bgestational%2Blength%253A%2Bresults%2Bfrom%2Ba%2Blarge%2Bprospective%2Bobservational%2Bcohort%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1186%252F1741-7015-11-42%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23421532%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1186/1741-7015-11-42&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23421532&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F1%2F30.atom
CA-125 in Women with Endometriosis

The serum CA-125 level is elevated in most women with endometriosis. Although tests are readily available to measure the marker, simple modifications of the present assays are required to improve and standardize the quality of the measurements. The serum test has low sensitivity and would not be appropriate for general screening purposes, but in clinical situations that have a relatively high prevalence of endometriosis, CA-125 determinations have acceptable sensitivities and very high specificities. The concentrations of CA-125 correlate with both the severity and the clinical course of the disease. In women with diagnosed endometriosis, use of serial CA-125 determinations to monitor the course of the disease shows much promise in early studies. The changes in the CA-125 levels can offer additional information to the clinician about the status of the endometriosis, but how much this information will assist in the management and improve the outcome of treatment must await the results of prospective studies.
In the Eye of the Betrothed Perceptual Downgrading of Attractive Alternative Romantic Partners

People in monogamous relationships can experience a conflict when they interact with an attractive individual. They may have a desire to romantically pursue the new person, while wanting to be faithful to their partner. How do people manage the threat that attractive alternatives present to their relationship goals? We suggest that one way people defend their relationships against attractive individuals is by perceiving the individual as less attractive. In two studies, using a novel visual matching paradigm, we found support for a perceptual downgrading effect. People in relationships perceived threatening attractive individuals as less attractive than did single participants. The effect was exacerbated among participants who were highly satisfied with their current relationships. The studies provide evidence for a perceptual bias that emerges to protect long-term goals. We discuss the findings within the context of a broader theory of motivated perception in the service of self-control.
Sequence of a DPβ cDNA from the DR5, DQw7, DPw4b Cell Line Swei

The HLA-DP molecules were the last of the HLA class II molecules to be identified. These molecules were originally detected by the primed lymphocyte test. Their low representation on cells compared to DR and DQ molecules, and the difficulty in generating DP-specific antibodies have resulted in these molecules being the least well studied with respect to both disease associations and biochemical and molecular biologic characterization. Indeed, very few DP genes have been sequenced to date.
I’d Rather Sit and Play: Mobile Videogames at Home

Chapter 5 focuses on the way in which PA commentators describe their use of the DS in domestic settings and the kind of negotiations of, for, and through space that this play entails. The chapter moves from room to room, showing how the DS player changes the stakes of different fixed spaces and at the same time responds to different spaces at home. DS play at home complicates the meaning of the mobility of the DS and other mobile devices. In turn, DS mobile play has the potential to disaggregate the home, breaking up rooms and overturning furniture, as well as assumptions about where and how people play videogames, be it on the couch, in bed, hidden under the table, on the toilet, or out and about.
Mid-Latitude Circulation and Extremes in a Changing Climate

Mid-latitude extreme weather events are responsible for a large part of climate-related damage. Yet large uncertainties remain in climate model projections of heat waves, droughts, and heavy rain/snow events on regional scales, limiting our ability to effectively use these projections for climate adaptation and mitigation. These uncertainties can be attributed to both the lack of spatial resolution in the models, and to the lack of a dynamical understanding of these extremes. The approach of this project is to relate the fine-scale features to the large scales in current climate simulations, seasonal re-forecasts, and climate change projections in a very wide range of models, including the atmospheric and coupled models of ECMWF over a range of horizontal resolutions (125 to 10 km), aqua-planet configuration of the Model for Prediction Across Scales and High Order Method Modeling Environments (resolutions ranging from 240 km – 7.5 km) with various physics suites, and selected CMIP5 model simulations. The large scale circulation will be quantified both on the basis of the well tested preferred circulation regime approach, and very recently developed measures, the finite amplitude Wave Activity (FAWA) and its spectrum. The fine scale structures related to extremes will be diagnosed following the latest approachesmore » in the literature. The goal is to use the large scale measures as indicators of the probability of occurrence of the finer scale structures, and hence extreme events. These indicators will then be applied to the CMIP5 models and time-slice projections of a future climate.« less
Low and High Temperature Influences on Cacti

The low and high temperature extremes leading to tissue damage were examined for various species of cacti. For Opuntia bigelovii, uptake of a neutral red stain by its chlorenchyma cells was 50% inhibited by a 1-hour treatment at -7°C or 53°C, indicating the temperature limits leading to impairment of membrane function. The low and high temperature treatments leading to 50$ inhibition of nocturnal acid accumulation by this CAM succulent were -4°C and 44°C, respectively. Cold hardening leading to a decrease in the half-inactivation temperature for stain uptake averaged 0.5°C per 10°C decrease in environmental temperature for nine species of cacti. Heat hardening was much greater, 4.3°C increase per 10°C increase in environmental temperature. More negative osmotic potentials were correlated with greater heat sensitivity for 0. bigelovii, e.g., a 1.0°C decrease in the high temperature for half-inactivation of stain uptake occurred per 0.6 MPa decrease in osmotic potential. For Coryphantha vivipara, the low temperature for half-inactivation of stain uptake was essentially uninfluenced as the photoperiod was varied from 3 to 21 hours.
Drug use in business bathrooms: An exploratory study of manager encounters in New York City

Abstract Background Though public bathroom drug injection has been documented from the perspective of people who inject drugs, no research has explored the experiences of the business managers who oversee their business bathrooms and respond to drug use. These managers, by default, are first-responders in the event of a drug overdose and thus of intrinsic interest during the current epidemic of opioid-related overdoses in the United States. This exploratory study assists in elucidating the experiences that New York City business managers have with people who inject drugs, their paraphernalia, and their overdoses. Methods A survey instrument was designed to collect data on manager encounters with drug use occurring in their business bathrooms. Recruitment was guided by convenience and purposive approaches. Results More than half of managers interviewed (58%, n =50/86) encountered drug use in their business bathrooms, more than a third (34%) of these managers also found syringes, and the vast majority (90%) of managers had received no overdose recognition or naloxone training. Seven managers encountered unresponsive individuals who required emergency assistance. Conclusion The results from this study underscore the need for additional research on the experiences that community stakeholders have with public injection as well as educational outreach efforts among business managers. This research also suggests that there is need for a national dialogue about potential interventions, including expanded overdose recognition and naloxone training and supervised injection facilities (SIF)/drug consumption rooms (DCR), that could reduce public injection and its associated health risks.
Hydrologic State Influence on Riverine Flood Discharge for a Small Temperate Watershed (Fall Creek, United States): Negative Feedbacks on the Effects of Climate Change

AbstractWatershed flooding is a function of meteorological and hydrologic catchment conditions. Climate change is anticipated to affect air temperature and precipitation patterns such as altered total precipitation, increased intensity, and shorter event durations in the northeastern United States. While significant work has been done to estimate future meteorological conditions, much is currently unknown about future changes to distributions of hydrologic state variables. High-resolution hydrologic simulations of Fall Creek (Tompkins County, New York), a small temperate watershed (324 km2) with seasonal snowmelt, are performed to evaluate future climate change impacts on flood hydrology. The effects of hydrologic state and environmental variables on river flood stage are isolated and the importance of groundwater elevation, unsaturated soil moisture, snowpack, and air temperature is demonstrated. It is shown that the temporal persistence of these hydrologic state variables allows for an influence on wate...
Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor: A New Target for Treatment of Cocaine Addiction

Cocaine addiction is a serious social and biomedical problem worldwide, and, so far, there is no effective medication available for clinic use. Given an important role of brain cannabinoid CB 1 receptor (CB 1 R) in drug reward and addiction, the majority of cannabinoid-based medication development studies have focused on brain CB 1 R. In addition to CB 1 R, growing evidence suggests that CB 2 R is also expressed in the brain, particularly in dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Activation of CB 2 R inhibits VTA DA neuronal activities, DA release in the nucleus accumbens, and intravenous cocaine self-administration. Furthermore, chronic cocaine administration significantly upregulates neuronal CB 2 R expression in the brain and in VTA DA neurons, suggesting that brain CB 2 R may constitute a new therapeutic target in the treatment of cocaine addiction. In this chapter, we review the recent progress in brain CB 2 R research, focusing on the role of brain CB 2 R in drug abuse and addiction.
Motion model enabled appearance prediction for partial human body tracking in robot follower

Robot follower, a robot following its human operator, has found its application in many areas such as senior care, manufacturing, transportation, and etc. Tracking the target person is a key technique for the follower. In this paper, we present a new method for partial human body tracking, namely human feet tracking. Human feet tracking suffers from weak visual features and appearance variations, making it more critical to continuously update the foot appearance model. We propose to utilize the human motion model to predict foot appearance. It is achieved by first defining a motion phase to each human foot appearance. Due to the fact that the foot appearance across different motion cycles with the same motion phase is similar, we can predict the target appearance using the current motion phase and the target images stored from previous walking cycles. A phase labeled exemplar pool is built to serve the motion phase indexed appearance searching. We combine this phase labeled exemplar pool into particle filtering and have achieved robust human feet tracking.
Comparison of Two Generations of ActiGraph Accelerometers: The CARDIA Study.

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to examine the comparability of the ActiGraph 7164 and wGT3X-BT wear time, count-based estimates, and average time per day in physical activity of different intensities.MethodsWe studied 87 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants 48–60 y
Enceladus Vent Explorer Concept

Enceladus Vent Explorer (EVE) is a robotic mission to enter Enceladus vents. It would send two types of modules: Surface Module (SM) and Descent Module (DM). SM is a lander that lands within a few hundred meters from the entrance of an erupting vent. After a successful landing, it deploys a single or multiple DMs. First, a DM moves to a vent and descends into it. It then performs in-situ science investigations in the vent using miniaturized instruments such as microscopic imager and a microfluidics chip. Finally, it collects samples in the vent and delivers to instruments on SM for detailed analysis. Out trade study concluded that the most robust configuration of the DM would be a limbed robot that climbs down the vent using ice screws. The ice screw is a hollow metal screw used by ice climbers for making a strong anchor on ice walls. DM would rely on a power and communication link provided by SM through a tether. Should EVE be realized, it could enable not only the direct confirmation of extraterrestrial life but also the characterization of it. Comparative study of lives on different worlds would provide clues to the secret of the genesis of life.
An Examination of the Boundary Between Work and Home for Knowledge Workers

This article describes how knowledge workers no longer have physical and time boundaries between their work and personal lives. The boundary theory integration-segmentation continuum does not account for variations in both schedule flexibility and work and home boundary permeability. It is possible for an employee to have a flexible but not permeable boundary and vice versa. Furthermore, permeability may vary for the work boundary and home boundary. This article examines the impact of these three boundary characteristics flexibility, permeability of home boundary and permeability of work boundary on the work-family conflict of knowledge workers. Additionally, role identity is examined as a potential moderating variable. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Mathematical modeling of microcrack growth in source rock during kerogen thermal maturation

The success of hydraulic fracturing and increasing use of basin-modeling packages drive the need to understand the effects of hydrocarbon (HC) generation on the mechanical properties of source rocks. A better understanding of relationships among geological, geochemical, and geomechanical parameters can potentially reduce the uncertainties associated with conventional and unconventional prospect evaluation. We present a simulation of microcrack growth based on a three-dimensional source-rock system. Upon thermal maturation, the kerogen transforms into lighter products, most of which are HCs. The generated products exert excessive pore pressure to the system resulting from the effect of volume expansion; this pressure is released through the expansion of pore space and formation of microcracks. Using linear elasticity and linear elastic fracture mechanics, our model calculates microcrack sizes (surface areas, lengths, apertures, and volumes) and the amount of overpressure throughout the maturation process. We validated this model with experimental data from Kobchenko et al. (2011), and performed sensitivity analysis for both laboratory and geological settings. Much larger microcracks are generated in laboratory settings compared to the subsurface because of the lack of overburden, resulting in secondary porosity over 100 times larger than the original organic porosity and crack lengths obtaining millimeter scale. In contrast, microcracks are much smaller in geological settings because of the presence of significant overburden and stiffer rock frames: the crack apertures are in the submicron regime with a crack length ranging from 100 to 300 μm. The formation of microcracks connects isolated microscale HC pockets, providing pathways for primary migration.
Family Environments and the Acquisition of Reading Skills

As fields of inquiry, studies of family influences on reading and research on cognitive processes involved in reading have developed along quite different lines. Several researchers have constructed relatively differentiated models of the act of reading. By identifying independent components, these differentiated models make it possible to describe more precisely the steps through which reading is learned, to diagnose reading problems, and to plan interventions directed at particular difficulties. Taking a different approach, researchers on the effects of family variables on reading have attempted to identify aspects of the family environment that are correlated with global measures of reading skill. Studies of family effects have not often taken advantage of the differentiated analysis of reading to specify how particular features of family experience map onto the components of this skill. Conversely, research on reading has not examined the specific origins of component skills in the family setting.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Secondary to Central Nervous System Neoplasia

Hemorrhage into subarachnoid pathways can alter the dynamics of absorption and production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A review of the role of erythrocytes and their by-products in CSF was presented by Laurent9 in Vol. 1, Chapter 20. Although as many as 10–20% of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) may not have a demonstrable etiology, most hemorrhages have been ascribed to aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).14 Hypertension, arteriosclerotic disease, and infarction contribute to less than 15% of the cases of SAH. Collagen diseases, tumors, and vasculitides are listed as minor miscellaneous causes of SAHs. Recently, published information suggests that tumors, especially in children, may have a higher incidence of hemorrhage than previously reported.10
Cachexia: Diagnosis and Treatment

Three primary categories of loss of body weight include starvation (including undernutrition), sarcopenia, and cachexia. Cachexia is the cytokine-associated wasting of protein and energy stores due to the effects of disease; there is a progressive, severe loss of skeletal muscle with relative preservation of visceral protein reserves. Cachexia is directly related to inflammatory states, such as cancer or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and also occurs in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and infectious diseases. In developing appropriate interventions for weight loss, it is important to recognize the distinction between cachexia and starvation. While starvation due to protein-energy undernutrition is widely regarded as the primary cause of loss of fat and fat-free mass in older persons, a failure to improve with nutritional replacement should trigger a consideration of other causes.
Lower Bound on the Dimension of Trivariate Splines on Cells

In [1], Alfeld, Schumaker, and Whiteley determined the generic dimension of the space of \(C^1\) splines of degree \(d \ge 8\) on tetrahedral decompositions. In this chapter, we analyze the dimension of \(C^r,\) \(r=1,2,\) trivariate splines on cells, which are tetrahedral complexes sharing a single interior vertex. The dimension depends on subtle geometry of the fatpoints corresponding to the configuration of the hyperplanes adjacent to the interior vertex. A key tool is the classification of the relevant fatpoint ideals by Geramita, Harbourne, and Migliore in [2].
Visualizing Uncertainty in Natural Hazards

“Presenting data without error rate is misleading”. This is a quote from the O.J. Simpson defense team regarding the presentation of DNA evidence without valid error rate statistics. Taken more generally, this practice is a prevalent shortcoming in the scientific and information visualization communities where data are visualized without any indication of their associated uncertainties. While it is widely acknowledged that incorporating auxiliary information about data, i.e. data quality or uncertainty, is important, the relative amount of work in this area is small. On the other hand, developments by the geographic, cartographic, and GIS communities in this regard is much more concerted. Some of the early efforts were spearheaded by the participating members of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) initiatives (Beard et al. 1991; Goodchild et al. 1994), where different methods of displaying and animating data with uncertainty were proposed. An excellent summary of this body of work can be found in (MacEachren et al. 2005). Combining these works with those from the information and scientific visualization communities, a typology for uncertainty visualization was presented which tries to map data, uncertainty, and tasks with the appropriate visual presentation (Thomson et al. 2005). Specifically, the typology for uncertainty visualization would give the user some guidance about the visual representations for the different types of uncertainty.
MODULATION OF GT-1 DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY BY CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION

The analysis of pea rbcS-3A promoter sequence showed that BoxII was necessary for the control of rbcS-3A gene expression by light. GT-1, a DNA-binding protein that interacts with BoxII in vitro, is a good candidate for being a light-modulated molecular switch controlling gene expression. However, the relationship between GT-1 activity and light-responsive gene activation still remains hypothetical. Because no marked de novo synthesis was detected after light treatment, light may induce post-translational modifications of GT-1 such as phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. Here, we show that recombinant GT-1 (hGT-1) of Arabidopsis can be phosphorylated by various mammalian kinase activities in vitro. Whereas phosphorylation by casein kinase II had no apparent effect on hGT-1 DNA binding, phosphorylation by calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) increased the binding activity 10-20-fold. Mass spectrometry analyses of the phosphorylated hGT-1 showed that amongst the 6 potential phosphorylatable residues (T86, T133, S175, T179, S198 and T278), only T133 and S198 are heavily modified. Analyses of mutants altered at T86, T133, S175, T179, S198 and T278 demonstrated that phosphorylation of T133 can account for most of the stimulation of DNA-binding activity by CaMKII, indicating that this residue plays an important role in hGT-1/BoxII interaction. We further showed that nuclear GT-1 DNA-binding activity to BoxII was reduced by treatment with calf intestine phosphatase in extracts prepared from light-grown plants but not from etiolated plants. Taken together, our results suggest that GT-1 may act as a molecular switch modulated by calcium-dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to light signals.
Determination of Enzyme Mechanisms by Stopped-Flow ESI-MS

We suggest ESI-MS as the ideal method to characterize enzymatic catalysis. Observation of the low mass region of the spectrum will enable simultaneous monitoring of the time courses of every charged substrate and product of unique mass/charge (m/z) ratio, without reference to a chromophore. To date, most enzymes have been assayed by optical means, which has severely restricted the number and type of well-characterized enzymes. In the high mass region, because of the gentle conditions of electrospray ionization, both noncovalent and covalent interactions can be monitored. This attribute of ESI-MS will enable observation of mass changes due to interaction of substrates, products, and inhibitors with enzymes. By application of suitable rapid-reaction methods for sample introduction, reactions may be sampled continuously during presteadystate, steady-state, approach to equilibrium, and at equilibrium conditions. Subsequent analysis of mass spectra collected by each sampling method will enable direct determination of the binding constants, kinetic constants, reaction sequence, presence and identity of intermediates, and ultimately the free-energy reaction-coordinate diagrams of enzymes of interest.
Extracting Accountability: Special Rapporteurs and the United Nations’Responsibility for Cholera in Haiti

Cholera appeared in Haiti in October 2010, almost immediately after the arrival of a new contingent of United Nations peacekeepers who had come from an area in Nepal which was known at the time to be cholera-infected. But from the outset, the United Nations authorities, supported by officials from the United States and other key countries, strongly contested the proposition that the peacekeepers had been responsible. The line taken by key officials was that it was better to devote the international community’s efforts to treating and eliminating the disease rather than worrying about its origins. This evasion succeeded in discouraging the necessary investigations and delayed essential measures that would have addressed the source and tracked its spread. The materials brought together in this document trace the role played by a group of UN Human Rights Council Special Procedures mandate-holders in seeking to persuade the UN to accept its legal as well as its moral responsibility and to make appropriate compensation arrangements.
Growth of Radiated Emission in Multi-Modular Systems

Typical networking equipment contains tens of nearly identical line cards and hundreds of the optical modules. The more modules and line cards are added, the larger the radiation will be. This paper presents an idea and approach to estimate the emission of a fully populated system based on data that are obtained using an only partially populated system.
Allostatic Load, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms by Birthplace Among Older Adults in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA):

Objective: To assess whether unhealthy behaviors moderated the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and future significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) among 1,789 older Latinos. Method: Longitudinal data included baseline AL, three unhealthy behaviors (UBs), and 2-year follow-up SDS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, stratified by birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign born), modeled the effects of AL, UB count (range = 0-3), and their interaction on follow-up SDS. Results: Compared with U.S.-born, foreign-born participants engaged in fewer UBs (0.52 vs. 0.60 behaviors, p = .01) and had higher baseline SDS (31% vs. 20%, p < .001). Among foreign-born participants, the effect of AL on future SDS (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) significantly increased across UB counts of 0 to 3: 1.06 [0.83, 1.35], 1.46 [1.14, 1.87], 2.00 [1.18, 3.41], and 2.75 [1.18, 6.44], respectively. Discussion: Among foreign-born Latinos, these results were most pronounced for women and adults above age 80, which may represent higher risk groups requiring more intensive screening for depression.
Adsorbents and adsorption models for capture of Kr and Xe gas mixtures in fixed-bed columns

Abstract Off-gases produced during the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel (UNF) include 129I2, 3HHO, 14CO2, 85Kr, and 135Xe, which are volatilized out into the off-gas. In order to meet regulatory requirements for reprocessing plant emissions, these gases must be captured and removed from the off-gas stream prior to off-gas emission. Of particular interest are the noble gases, Kr and Xe, which can be fairly difficult to remove from the off-gas due to their low chemical reactivity. Thus, this work is focused on utilizing engineered adsorbents, AgZ-PAN and HZ-PAN, to capture Kr and Xe from a mixed-gas stream at relatively low temperatures (191–295 K) and various flow rates (50–2000 mL/min). Isothermal data for Kr and Xe on each adsorbent are analyzed to produce the Langmuir parameters needed to model the mixture adsorption capacities at relevant temperatures using the Extended Langmuir model. Those parameters are then incorporated into a fixed-bed adsorption model developed in this work using the Mulitphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE). That model is used to simulate breakthrough times for Kr and Xe in packed columns of AgZ-PAN and HZ-PAN, ranging in length from 6 to 20 in., at relevant temperatures and flow rates. Breakthrough times varied from nearly instantaneous for Kr in AgZ-PAN to 30 h for Xe in HZ-PAN. After the developed model was validated by comparisons with experimental breakthrough data, the model framework was used to simulate the performance of multiple fixed-bed columns connected in series.
Language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands between 1808 and 1930

Abstract This article examines the impact of the anglicizing language policies implemented after the annexation of the U.S. borderlands to the United States on language use by describing the language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands across different sociohistorical periods from 1808 to 1930. Sixty Hispanic-American newspapers (374 issues) from 1808 to 1980 were selected for analysis. Despite aggressive anglicizing legislation that caused a societal shift of language use from Spanish into English in most borderland states after the annexation, the current study suggests that the newspapers resisted assimilation by adhering to the Spanish language in the creation of original content and in translation.
Methods for Modeling Ordinal Outcome Variables.

This article compares approaches to modeling ordinal outcome variables, including assumptions, interpretations, and limitations. Applications with data from a multisite HIV prevention intervention ...
Gabapentin for Treatment of Radicular Low Back Pain.

Gabapentin is not effective for the treatment of radicular low back pain and is associated with adverse effects.
Is healthcare the new manufacturing?: Industry, gender, and “good jobs” for low- and middle-skill workers

Abstract Using the 2004 and 2008 panels of the Survey for Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we examine whether the heavily feminized health care industry produces “good jobs” for workers without a college degree as compared to other major industries. For women, we find that jobs in the health care industry are significantly more likely than the food service and retail industries to provide wages above $15 per hour, health benefits, fulltime hours, and job security. Jobs in the health care industry are not “good jobs” for low- and middle-skill men in terms of wages, relative to the industries of construction and manufacturing, but health care jobs can provide men with greater job security, and in comparison to construction, a higher probability of employer-based health insurance. That said, the findings emphasize that because men and women are differentially distributed across industries, access to different forms of job quality is also gendered across industries, with important implications for gender dynamics and economic strain within working class families.
Calcium-oligochitosan-pectin microcarrier for colonic drug delivery.

Pectin-based hydrogel microcarriers have shown promise for drug delivery to the colonic region. Microcarriers must remain stable throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract for effective colonic de...
Pre-Liver Transplantation Evaluation and Listing

Liver transplantation provides a curative treatment option for patients with both acute and chronic liver disease, but the decision to list a patient for transplant should be an informed one to maximize post-transplantation benefit and survivability. Potential candidates meeting transplantation indications must undergo a comprehensive evaluation consisting of both physical, as well as psychiatric, assessment to be considered for transplantation. Once listed, a candidate's place on the liver transplant waiting list is determined predominantly by his or her Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na score, which is a reliable tool to stratify short-term survival risk. The severity of certain conditions, however, is not accurately reflected by the MELD-Na score, and these particular diagnoses may be assigned MELD exception points. Herein, we discuss common indications for liver transplantation: the MELD system and its exceptions, the physical and psychosocial evaluation of potential transplant candidates, and some limitations of the current organ allocation system and efforts to reduce disparity in organ distribution.
Comparing short-term patient outcomes after fundoplication performed over a traditional bougie versus a functional lumen imaging probe.

Abstract Background The functional lumen imaging probe is a balloon-based catheter that can be used as a bougie during fundoplication. Our goal was to compare the short-term, quality-of-life outcomes and esophageal-injury rate after fundoplication over a functional lumen imaging probe compared to a traditional bougie. Methods This is a retrospective review of a quality database at a single center. Three-week and 6-month Reflux Symptom Index, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-health Related Quality of Life, and dysphagia scores were compared. The need for endoscopy and dilation between the groups was also compared. Results Between 2008 and 2020, 423 fundoplications were performed over a bougie and 62 over the functional lumen imaging probe. Six months after surgery, the functional lumen imaging probe group reported significantly worse dysphagia scores (1.5 ± 1.0 vs 1.1 ± 0.3, P = .007), but rates of endoscopy (4.8% vs 5.0%, P = .966) and dilation (4.8% vs 3.8%, P = .723) were similar. There were no differences between Reflux Symptom Index and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-health Related Quality of Life scores. The rate of bougie-related injuries was 2.1% vs 0% for the functional lumen imaging probe group. Conclusion Patients undergoing fundoplication over the functional lumen imaging probe had comparable short-term outcomes compared with those over a traditional bougie. The rate of esophageal injury while using the functional lumen imaging probe is lower than a bougie and may be preferable for fundoplication creation.
A splitting method to reduce MCMC variance.

We explore whether splitting and killing methods can improve the accuracy of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimates of rare event probabilities, and we make three contributions. First, we prove that "weighted ensemble" is the only splitting and killing method that provides asymptotically consistent estimates when combined with MCMC. Second, we prove a lower bound on the asymptotic variance of weighted ensemble's estimates. Third, we give a constructive proof and numerical examples to show that weighted ensemble can approach this optimal variance bound, in many cases reducing the variance of MCMC estimates by multiple orders of magnitude.
A Rare Case of Porocarcinoma and Trichoblastoma Arising in a Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn

Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, or "organoid nevus," is a common, benign hamartoma of the skin consisting of epithelial and adnexal components. Its natural history and association with neoplastic growths is well documented. The majority of concomitant neoplasms are benign-trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum are most frequently discovered-but malignant tumors have been described. We present the case of a 58-year-old male with a congenital nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn on his left parietal scalp that had been enlarging, changing color, and bleeding over the prior year. Clinical exam and histology disclosed the presence of a trichoblastoma and porocarcinoma arising within the nevus sebaceus. Porocarcinoma is a rare, intermediately aggressive, malignant eccrine gland tumor that is frequently metastasized at presentation. Otolaryngology performed wide local resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy. This case highlights the diversity of tumors associated with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, potential for malignant expansion, and necessity for close monitoring and maintaining a low threshold for biopsy in evolving lesions.
Written Comments to Department of Treasury, 'Contributions in Exchange for State or Local Tax Credits'

These comments discuss conceptual problems with the Treasury and IRS's proposed regulations on SALT workaround strategies.
Origin and structure of electromagnetic generator regions at the edge of the electron diffusion region

During the process of magnetic reconnection, converging magnetic fields transfer some of the stored magnetic energy into plasma energy. Simulations and spacecraft data suggest that at the edges of the electron diffusion region, “generators” can form where the local electromagnetic field gains energy from the plasma. We use a 2D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft data to investigate the electron dynamics and energy budget of these generators. PIC simulation results suggest that these generators form where the electron population begins to remagnetize, while still not being fully frozen in to the magnetic fields. Super-Alfvenic electrons locally lose bulk kinetic energy to Hall electric fields along the outflow axis and to the out-of-plane reconnection electric field as they become remagnetized. These “partial” remagnetization regions also exhibit signatures of irreversible dissipation in MMS data, such as electron enthalpy flux and enhanced electron thermal energy density as remagnetized electrons scatter away from the neutral line within the Hall field structures of the exhaust.
The Contributions of the Steroid Receptor Superfamily to Development, Physiology and Medicine

Steroid, retinoid and thyroid hormones regulate development and homeostasis in complex eukaryotes. The discovery of a common structure for these receptors and by inference, a common mechanism for the action of their hormones, has far-reaching consequences for genetic theories of both development and physiology, especially in relation to the discovery of additional principles. With regard to the products of this supergene family, one challenge is to understand the molecular properties of each receptor that determine its interactions with the transcriptional machinery regulating gene expression. Second, and perhaps a more daunting challenge, is to understand the contribution of individual regulatory systems to the integrated and complex biologic responses inherent in development in homeostasis. Through the cloning of these hormone receptor genes, molecular techniques can be employed to characterize individual receptor systems functionally as the essential first step towards an understanding of higher levels of control. Since it is impossible to be comprehensive, I shall first describe some of the recent studies on the glucocorticoid receptor as a prototypic molecule for all other members of this family. I will then describe a collection of data on the evolving understanding of the thyroid and retinoic acid receptors both as transcription factors as well as mediators of tumor progression and embryonic pattern formation.
Evaluating pattern for group interactions using second screens

In our research, we analyze the group conversation in Twitter via. second screen concerning two popular US based TV shows, categorize the postings into four different classifications, and investigate the predominant categories for group interactions. The group conversations are identified by hashtags present in tweets where the number of members in the group interacting is at least two. The classifications are 1) response, 2) referral, 3) broadcast and 4) retweet. We collect nearly 354,000 tweets for these two TV programs. Using oneway analysis of variance, we examine the four tweet categories collected during second screen based group interactions. Our findings indicate that most group-based interaction occurs when the TV show is not being transmitted. The prevalent conversational pattern observed is referral tweets. There are many implications for those interested in understanding social conversation around mass media in the emerging second screen environment.
Visualization of Reusable Software Assets

This paper presents methods for helping users understand reusable software assets. We present a model and software architecture for visualizing reusable software assets. We described visualizations techniques based on design principles for helping the user understand and compare reusable components.
Treatment of single peripheral pulmonary emboli: Patient outcomes and factors associated with decision to treat

BACKGROUND Increasing use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography together with higher-resolution scanners has increased the detection of peripheral filling defects. Physicians face the dilemma of whether to treat patients with these findings, especially single defects. The aims of this study were to compare the outcomes of treated and untreated patients with single peripheral filling defects (SPFD) and identify factors associated with treatment. METHODS All cases with SPFDs over 66 months in a single institution were identified. Patient and treatment information were abstracted and data on 90-day mortality and postdischarge venous thromboembolism (VTE) were collected. RESULTS A total of 4906 computed tomography pulmonary angiograms were reviewed. A SPFD was identified in 3.1% (n = 153). Of the 153 patients, 134 met criteria for study inclusion. In 99 of 134 (73.9%) studies, the defect was called a pulmonary embolus (PE) by the initial radiologist. Treatment was administered to 61 of 134 (45.5%) patients; 5 patients died in each group. Postdischarge VTE occurred in 3 treated and 2 untreated patients. In 52 of 153 cases, an additional study was performed. None of the patients with normal ventilation perfusion scan and compression ultrasound received treatment. Immobility (odds ratio [OR]: 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-10.60), previous VTE (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.18-11.70), and determination of PE by the radiologist (OR: 24.68, 95% CI: 5.40–112.90) were associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in 90-day mortality or recurrence between treated and untreated patients. The most influential factor associated with treatment was the radiologist's interpretation. When secondary lung imaging studies were negative, no patient received treatment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:42–47. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine