cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of handling practices for fresh produce and the efficacy of commercially available produce washes on removal of pathogens and natural microflora on whole cantaloupe surfaces

Abstract The objectives of our study were to collect descriptive data of handling practices for fresh produce and to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available washes for reducing pathogens and natural microflora on whole cantaloupes. A total of 51 people answered a produce handling survey. Information from the survey was used to develop two experiments. In one experiment, cantaloupes were washed with water (control), 9% vinegar solution, or a commercial antimicrobial for fruit and vegetables (CAFVT) for 2 min by using a continuous water motion system. Cantaloupe surfaces were tested on day 0 for initial aerobic plate counts (APC); then wedges or cubes in refrigeration storage were tested on days 1, 3, and 6 for APC. In a second experiment, Salmonella spp. (8.54 log10 CFU/ml) or Listeria monocytogenes (8.52 log10 CFU/ml) inoculated cantaloupes were washed with cold tap water (control) or a commercial produce wash (CPW) for 30, 60, or 120 s. APC populations for surfaces of untreated and cantaloupes treated with water, 9% vinegar solution, or CAFVT were 3.88, 3.39, 3.01, and 2.98 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively. Cubes from treated cantaloupes reached populations between 6.2 and 8 log10 CFU/g on day 6 of storage, while populations of wedges from treated cantaloupes reached populations between 5.2 and 7.6 log10 CFU/g on day 6 of storage. The CPW was capable of reducing ca. 1.26 and 1.12 log10 CFU/cm2 of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes populations, respectively, on the surface of cantaloupes. Pathogenic populations for residual wash water were reduced below the detection limit of 1.95 log10 CFU/ml.
Using Statistical Power to Improve Turbine Engine Test Planning

Since 2009 there has been an emphasis placed on applying Design of Experiments (DOE) to Department of Defense (DoD) testing of advanced weapons systems. DOE includes application of statistics to quantify the usefulness of the information obtained from a particular experiment. Two of the primary statistics used to evaluate the information obtained are confidence and power. One attribute of power is that with some simplyfing assumptions it can be calculated prior to test. This paper presesents a wide range of test objectives to evaluate the use of power to improve turbine engine test planning. Examples include using power with other information, such as cost of alternatives and scheduling considerations, to provide program managers clearer information when making test program decisions.
National Sovereignty Versus the Rule of Law

So evident has become the reality of the international community on the one hand, and that of occupational groups on the other, that sociology, which is more concerned with social tendencies than with formal doctrine of any kind, has largely discarded the idea of the sovereign nation-state. But juristic science in considerable measure still clings to it. This is true because the latter is naturally more concerned than sociology with the conservative function of legal formalities. Yet the progressivist influence that sociology has already exerted upon legal concepts is likely to continue; which means that the present sociological insistencies will more nearly correspond with the legal ideas of tomorrow than they do with those of today. Law, in order to maintain its function, must of necessity feed upon the fresh materials of change; to live, it will, in the long run, have to conform to moral and social needs. Morality, which is always at least a step ahead of the law, requires to be followed by the law, for the sake of the life of both, at a distance neither too great nor too short. For the law that follows too closely upon the heels of morality, no less than that which is too far behind, fails to be generally respected and enforced. Legal development is in constant need of being harmonized with all the other strands of history, to the end of the good life. This historic propriety is the ideal not only for the content of legislation, but also—though here the steps of change are fewer and longer—in the realm of fundamental juristic concepts such as that of national sovereignty.
The Age of the Solar System

(1990). The Age of the Solar System. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 399-400.
Tumor transplantation to the subdural space of heterologous hosts.

SummaryMouse Sarcoma 37 was transplanted to the subdural space of 14 guinea pigs. Evidence of growth was present in all animals sacrificed between the 2nd and 18th day after transplantation. One animal died at the end of the third week, apparently as the result of invasion of the brain by tumor tissue. The pattern of growth in the meninges and brain was similar to that previously observed in the anterior chamber of the eye of guinea pigs, but, after the 9th day the mass of tumor tissue in the brain was greater than that in the eye for comparable periods. There was no evidence of regression of tumor in the brain in contrast with tumor transplanted to the anterior chamber, which usually begins to regress by the end of the 2nd week.
Discussion of “Recognizing Ethical Issues: An Examination of Practicing Industry Accountants and Accounting Students”

In public accounting, it is well documented that auditors’ focus on the financial/profitability aspects of their work (i.e., commercialism) creates ethical challenges that can compromise the auditors’ ability to uphold the public interest (see, e.g., Bailey, in Curr Issues Audit 2(1):C28–C36, 2008; Chow et al., in Res Prof Responsib Ethics Account 17:97–138, 2013; Fogarty and Rigsby, in J Account Org Change 6(3):300–329, 2010; Gendron, in Contemp Account Res 18(2):283–310, 2001; Account Org Soc 27(7):659–684, 2002; Lampe and Garcia, in Res Prof Responsib Ethics Account 17:1–45, 2013; Wyatt, in Account Horiz 18(1):45–53, 2004; Zeff, Account Horizons 17(3):189–205, 2003a; Account Horizons 17(4):267–286, 2003b). Less well-studied are other accounting settings (cf., Bampton and Cowton, in J Bus Ethics, 114(3):549–563, 2013; Jones et al., in J Account Literature 22:45–103, 2003). In their paper, Fiolleau and Kaplan (J Bus Ethics (Forthcoming), 2016) address the void by providing insight into the impact of corporate reward structure (context) on the ethical sensitivity of accountants practicing in industry and accounting students (non-auditors). Further, they contribute to the literature by measuring ethical sensitivity using a novel funnel questioning technique, which addresses methodological challenges associated with studying ethical sensitivity. In these comments, I discuss my perspective on Fiolleau and Kaplan’s (J Bus Ethics (Forthcoming), 2016) key contributions to the literature and provide suggestions for moving the research forward in the future.
Establishment of Assay Method for Total Flavonoids from Herba Pogostemonis

Objective To establish an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the assay of the total flavonoids from Herba Pogostemonis.Methods After being extracted at the temperature of 25℃ by methanol,the samples were purified through polyamide column chromatography,and then the assay of the total flavonoids was performed with two specific methods.The two methods were ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with apigenin as reference substance,and visible spectrophotometric method with Rutin as reference substance and with sodium nitrite and aluminum nitrate as the complex color developing reagent.Results With apigenin as the reference substance,the content of the total obtained flavonoids was 0.83 mg/g in the samples from Zhanjiang,Guangdong,0.77 mg/g from Zhixin Company,0.85 mg/g from Guangzhou,Guangdong,0.94 mg/g from Hanoi,Vietnam,and 0.97 mg/g from Viet Tri,Vietnam.With rutin as the reference substance in visible spectrophotometric method,the content of the total obtained flavonoids was 0.81 mg/g in the samples from Zhanjiang,Guangdong,0.74 mg/g from Zhixin pharmaceuticat Company,0.69 mg/g from Guangzhou,Guangdong,0.73 mg/g from Hanoi,Vietnam,and 0.71 mg/g from Viet Tri,Vietnam.By using apigenin as the reference substance,the content of the gained total flavonoids was higher than that by using rutin as the reference substance.Conclusion For the assay of total flavonoids,ultraviolet spectrophotometry is more stable than visible spectrophotometry,and is faster and easier.
Nutrient and heavy metal uptake and storage in constructed wetland systems in Arizona.

The Constructed Ecosystems Research Facility (CERF) was conceived in the early 1980s as a test facility to explore the potential for using plants to treat wastewater in the arid west of the USA. One of the major issues that has been identified in the use of constructed wetland technology is plant nutrient uptake and tissue storage of nutrients as well as heavy metals. Our approach to understanding plant uptake and storage has been to look at both controlled conditions in constructed systems and background concentrations in natural systems. Plant tissues have been collected and analyzed from natural systems and from controlled systems receiving either wastewater or municipal water. Plants studied included the herbaceous species Anemopsis californica (Yerba mansa), Scirpus spp. (bulrush) and Typha domingensis (cattail), and tree species Fraxinus velutina (ash), Populus fremontii (cottonwood) and Salix spp. (willow). Data indicate that uptake varies not only among plant species, but also among chemical species, depending upon water quality within the wetlands. Leaf tissues of Fraxinus, Salix and Populus , contained the lowest amounts of nutrients and heavy metals studied (Na, P, K, Cu, Pb and Zn), while the root tissues of the herbaceous plants generally had the highest concentrations.
Quantitative Bias Analysis in Regulatory Settings

Nonrandomized studies are essential in the postmarket activities of the US Food and Drug Administration, which, however, must often act on the basis of imperfect data.Systematic errors can lead to inaccurate inferences, so it is critical to develop analytic methods that quantify uncertainty and bias and ensure that these methods are implemented when needed. “Quantitative bias analysis” is an overarching term for methods that estimate quantitatively the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty associated with systematic errors influencing measures of associations.The Food and Drug Administration sponsored a collaborative project to develop tools to better quantify the uncertainties associated with postmarket surveillance studies used in regulatory decision making. We have described the rationale, progress, and future directions of this project.
Mind and Madness in Classical Antiquity

The history of psychiatry in Greek and Roman antiquity is the frame story for the history of psychiatry in the Western world as well as the history of that topic in a particular era and in particular places. That is, it is not only one current in the stream that becomes modern psychiatry, but it is also the caput Nili, “the head of the Nile.” The terminology, categories, and core ways of thinking about mind and its derangements that evolved in ancient Greece have left an indelible stamp on all subsequent thinking about these topics. The distinction between rational and irrational, the notion of an internal mental life, and the notion of psychic conflict and that psychic conflicts can be categorized, classified, studied, and systematically influenced are all legacies from classical Greece. The notion of the body as a system, as a balance, as a mechanism, as a hierarchy of organs, or as a parliament of organs—these underlie the medical models that arose from the fifth century B.C.E. onwards. Furthermore, the Greeks developed the idea that it is possible to understand how balances and imbalances among organs and body constituents influence mind and madness, how one central organ (at first believed to be the heart, but later the brain) is the organ of mental operations, and that that organ mediates influences from the outside world and from the internal world of the body. The articulation of a concept of body and a concept of mind and the realization that if the person is thus divided there is a need to find a way of conceptualizing the unity are Greek “discoveries” or presuppositions that have left a permanent mark on our thinking about thinking.1
Cellular maturation in human preleukemia.

Bone marrow cells from three preleukemic patients with prominent marrow karyotypic abnormalities were studied in liquid culture to determine if the neoplastic clones were capable of maturation. Parallel cytogenetic and cytologic studies were performed in sequentially harvested bone marrow cultures. Maturation, albeit delayed, occurred in cultures from all three patients. By 14 days of culture in vitro, morphologic, cytochemical, and functional evidence of maturation was observed in about 70% of the cells. By day 21, 85% of the cells were mature by these criteria. All but 2 of 249 metaphases from the cultured cells contained the cytogenetic abnormality of the neoplastic clone. We conclude that some preleukemic cells identified by a chromosomal abnormality can mature in vitro. Preleukemia may be viewed as a syndrome of “early leukemia” in which the neoplastic clone is established and manifested functionally as ineffective hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic cell differentiation becomes progressively abnormal with termination in the nearly complete maturational block characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia.
The Personae of the Real

If the Real is present to all forms of existence as the ground of their ever-changing being, and if ‘things known are in the knower according to the mode of the knower’, finite persons will naturally tend to be conscious of the Real as a divine Thou. And so we find that from the earliest forms of archaic religion through the still- developing post-axial traditions the forms of experience in which, according to our hypothesis, the Real is present to human consciousness have usually (though not always) been hypostatised divine persons.
Improving collaborative learning in online software engineering education

ABSTRACTTeam projects are commonplace in software engineering education. They address a key educational objective, provide students critical experience relevant to their future careers, allow instructors to set problems of greater scale and complexity than could be tackled individually, and are a vehicle for socially constructed learning. While all student teams experience challenges, those in fully online programmes must also deal with remote working, asynchronous coordination, and computer-mediated communications all of which contribute to greater social distance between team members. We have developed a facilitation framework to aid team collaboration and have demonstrated its efficacy, in prior research, with respect to team performance and outcomes. Those studies indicated, however, that despite experiencing improved project outcomes, students working in effective software engineering teams did not experience significantly improved individual achievement. To address this deficiency we implemented the...
Developments in parallelization and the user environment of the MICHELLE charged particle beam optics code

The next generation of the MICHELLE ES PIC code is to improve its parallelization and leverages a number of existing and emerging DOD HPC architectures and software including distributed memory clusters, multicore, and computational accelerators such as GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi co-processors. The ongoing project supported by the DOD HASI program also aims to build interfaces between MICHELLE and existing HPC tools such as CAPSTONE, GSB, ParaView, and VisIt for efficient design and optimization workflow. This paper reports on the latest progress and discusses applicable algorithms and implementations.
Bi2PdO4: A Promising Thermoelectric Oxide with High Power Factor and Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity

The search for new energy harvesting materials that directly convert (waste) heat into electricity has received increasing attention. Transition metal oxides are a promising class of thermoelectric (TE) materials that can operate at high temperature due to their chemical and thermal stability. However, the high lattice thermal conductivity, poor electrical conductivity, and low thermopower have significantly impeded their applications to date. Using first-principles calculations, we predict a known oxide Bi2PdO4 to be a highly efficient hole-doped TE material with low lattice thermal conductivity and high power factor. These properties are due to (i) the strong anharmonicity stemming from Bi3+ 6s2 lone pair electrons (leading to low lattice thermal conductivity) and (ii) the flat-and-dispersive valence band structure with high band degeneracy originating from the localized Pd2+ dz2 orbitals in the stacked square planar ligand field (leading to a large power factor). Our results highlight the possibility o...
Wealth Inequality and Carbon Emissions in High-income Countries:

This study contributes to the emerging literature on connections between climate change and economic inequality by investigating the relationship between domestic wealth inequality and consumption-...
Memoria transatlántica, ensayos fundacionales y espectros de la historia / Transatlantic Memory, Foundational Essays and Spectres of History

Resumen: El trabajo analiza la importancia de algunos ensayos fundacionales en la construccion de un discurso critico latinoamericano y subraya los maridajes transatlanticos en sus planteamientos fundamentales, incidiendo en el impacto perturbador que lo europeo tuvo sobre la conciencia andina. Desde ese punto de vista se analiza en primer lugar la aportacion de Alcides Arguedas, con Pueblo enfermo y en su debate con Tamayo. En segundo lugar se analizan los debates en torno a la obra de Carlos Montenegro y Jose Maria Arguedas y se contextualizan sus intervenciones en un proceso mas amplio de construccion de la conciencia andina. En ultimo lugar, se revisa la aportacion de Mariategui en sus Siete ensayos de interpretacion de la realidad peruana , y su construccion de una ontologia del presente capaz de redefinir las relaciones entre el tiempo y el espacio. Palabras clave: Ensayos fundacionales, Alcides Arguedas, Jose Maria Arguedas, Montenegro, Mariategui. Abstract: The paper analyzes the importance of some foundational essays in the construction of a Latin American critical discourse and emphasizes transatlantic marriage in its fundamental approaches, emphasizing the disturbing impact that the European had on Andean consciousness. From that point of view, we first analyze the contribution of Alcides Arguedas, with Pueblo enfermo and in his debate with Tamayo. In the second place, we focus on the debates about the work of Carlos Montenegro and Jose Maria Arguedas and their interventions are contextualized in a wider process of construction of Andean consciousness. Finally, we review the contribution of Mariategui in his Siete ensayos de interpretacion de la realidad peruan a, and its construction of an ontology of the present capable of redefining the relations between time and space. Keywords: Foundational essays, Alcides Arguedas, Jose Maria Arguedas, Montenegro, Mariategui.
Probing substrate recognition of bacterial lipoprotein signal peptidase using FRET reporters

Lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) is a transmembrane aspartic acid protease with a pivotal role in the bacterial lipoprotein maturation pathway. Despite the universal use of Lsp across the Bacterial Kingdom and its potential as an antibiotic target, the substrate recognition patterns of Lsp are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the substrate recognition and biochemical properties of Lsp from Gram- (Escherichia coli) and Gram+ (Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria, using synthetic peptide-based FRET reporters. Didecanoyl glycerol was found to be an optimal lipid length, and Lsp demonstrated exclusive enantio-selectivity for the (R)-form of the diacylglycerol. Our study will facilitate the iterative optimization of in vitro Lsp assays, as well as provide the first chemical interrogation into the substrate scope of Lsp.
Learning models for multi-source integration

Because of the growing number of information sources available through the internet there are many cases in which information needed to solve a problem or answer a question is spread across several information sources. For example, when given two sources, one about comic books and the other about super heroes, you might want to ask the question {open_quotes}Is Spiderman a Marvel Super Hero?{close_quotes} This query accesses both sources; therefore, it is necessary to have information about the relationships of the data within each source and between sources to properly access and integrate the data retrieved. The SIMS information broker captures this type of information in the form of a model. All the information sources map into the model providing the user a single interface to multiple sources.
Reaction time and mild mental retardation: High speed scanning reexamined

When observers judge whether a probe is contained within a small positive set, reaction time (RT) increases linearly with set size (Sternberg, 1969b). Slope and intercept of the function relating RT to positive set size are believed to reflect durations of different processing stages. As results of several investigations suggested inverse slope/intercept relationships, however, studies using "high-speed scanning" tasks to compare retarded with nonretarded individuals were reexamined. When slope was correlated with points along the RT function (intercept, Positive Set Sizes 1, 2, and 4), results showed no interdependencies for nonretarded adults. Slope and intercept were negatively correlated for retarded and nonretarded adolescents, whereas slope and Positive Set Size 1 values apparently were unrelated. These results seem to contradict theoretical expectations, and specification of processing stages where efficiency varies across populations may not be possible based on results from high speed scanning tasks.
Cell Death in Neuronal Development

Neuronal death has been identified as a widely occurring phenomenon in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. More than half of the cells initially present in such populations as the motoneuron pool of the spinal cord and neurons of autonomic and sensory ganglia disappear during embryonic development. The number of surviving neurons appears to depend on the amount of target tissue available for innervation by the neurons. Removal of the target tissue prior to the period of cell death causes nearly all of the neurons to die subsequently, while transplantation of additional tissue to the embryo to serve as a potential target for the neurons permits more neurons to survive through the normal die-off period.
Theoretical Estimation of Biologically Effective UV Radiation at the Earth’s Surface

Models of atmospheric transmission allow the estimation of spectral and biologically-weighted ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. The theory of radiative transfer is well established, but information about the atmosphere (e.g., ozone profiles, cloud morphology), which is required as input to the models, is often incomplete. Still, model sensitivity studies provide many useful insights that, when combined with measurements, give us a more complete understanding of the complex UV environment.
Influence Maximization in Social Networks With Non-Target Constraints

We formulate and study Constrained Influence Maximization problem where a network has two types of nodes—targets and non-targets. Given k and θ, the objective is to find a k-size seed set which maximizes the influence spread among the target nodes and keeps the number of non-targets influenced below the threshold θ. The problem, in general, is NP-hard. We also prove that obtaining a constant factor approximation algorithm for this problem is quasi-NP hard. Nevertheless, we are able to present a greedy algorithm and prove that it has certain approximation guarantees with a multiplicative factor of (1 − 1/e) and an additive error, where the latter is dependent on the underlying network structure. We evaluate the extent of the additive error on several representative social networks of varying sizes, and show that in most scenarios, the greedy algorithm indeed provides a high quality solution efficiently. We also develop a multi-greedy algorithm that attempts to keep multiple seed sets and improves upon the greedy algorithm. However, naive implementations of this algorithm is not practically viable due to prohibitively high time overhead. To address this issue, we develop a two-phase heuristic framework to improve the run times. We have conducted extensive empirical evaluation, which not only validates our algorithms, evaluates their effectiveness and efficiency, but also provides important insights on the interplay between the seed-set size, number of non-targets, the threshold, and the additive approximation error on influence-spread.
Ebola vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Following the April 2018 reemergence of Ebola in a rural region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the virus spread to an urban center by early May. Within 2 wk of the first case confirmation, a vaccination campaign was initiated in which 3,017 doses were administered to contacts of cases and frontline healthcare workers. To evaluate the spatial dynamics of Ebola transmission and quantify the impact of vaccination, we developed a geographically explicit model that incorporates high-resolution data on poverty and population density. We found that while Ebola risk was concentrated around sites initially reporting infections, longer-range dissemination also posed a risk to areas with high population density and poverty. We estimate that the vaccination program contracted the geographical area at risk for Ebola by up to 70.4% and reduced the level of risk within that region by up to 70.1%. The early implementation of vaccination was critical. A delay of even 1 wk would have reduced these effects to 33.3 and 44.8%, respectively. These results underscore the importance of the rapid deployment of Ebola vaccines during emerging outbreaks to containing transmission and preventing global spread. The spatiotemporal framework developed here provides a tool for identifying high-risk regions, in which surveillance can be intensified and preemptive control can be implemented during future outbreaks.
Situationism and the problem of moral improvement

A wealth of research in social psychology indicates that various ethically arbitrary situational factors exert a surprisingly powerful influence on moral conduct. Empirically-minded philosophers ha...
The Last Word on Solving Inequalities.

WHEN we are teaching methods for solving problems, it is often good peda gogical practice to present several methods, including those which we may regard as difficult or inefficient, and to work some problems by these various methods. The final technique to be emphasized should be the most efficient one that can be made available to the students at their particu lar level. The following technique is the one that I have found to be "the last word" for solving inequalities. Although it does appear in several college textbooks (some of which are listed in the bibliogra phy), I believe it deserves more wide spread use at the secondary level. Consider the inequality (x ? 2) (x+1) >0. The problem of finding the solution set is readily seen to be equivalent to the problem of determining the set on which the two factors have the same sign. A standard approach is to find the sets :
An economic analysis of transhumance in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

The ecological and risk -management rationales for livestock mobility are well established. Yet, few studies evaluate the economic benefits and costs of maintaining or resuming mobile, extensive livestock production compared to sedentary or semi-extensive production. Here, we empirically evaluate pastoralists’ claims that transhumance, a specific type of long-distance herd mobility, is a more profitable system compared to semi-extensive production in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Specifically, we use enterprise budget data from transhumant and semi-extensive operations to develop a baseline typical sheep operation budget. We then use partial budget analysis coupled with economic simulations to determine the conditions under which transhumance by truck or on foot becomes profitable relative to semi-extensive production. We find that transhumance by foot is more profitable than transhumance by truck and that relative profitability compared to semi-extensive production depends on operational scale, feed prices, and the lambing rates (productivity) of each system. Over all simulated scenarios, transhumance is more profitable 64–78% of the time. This analysis thus provides initial evidence of the economic rationality of transhumance under contemporary environmental and economic conditions, filling a notable gap in research on the economics of transhumance. Future research could expand the analysis to cattle operations and to other regions of Spain, assess the full social and environmental benefits and costs of transhumance, and evaluate the effects of exogenous factors like drought on production costs and profitability to determine if transhumance is an adaptive strategy under a changing climate. The analysis we present could be used as a basis to develop and pilot test interactive budgeting tools that support herder decision-making and planning under economic and environmental uncertainty.
Atypical Atrial Flutter

A 66-year-old male with history of three prior atrial fibrillation ablations including pulmonary vein isolation, left atrial (LA) posterior wall isolation, cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation, mitral isthmus ablation both in the coronary sinus and left atrium for atypical atrial flutters, as well as three separate atrial tachycardias ablated in the coronary sinus and the crista terminalis was brought for a fourth procedure for recurrent atrial flutter resistant to sotalol and propafenone. Diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
The making of La Mancha

This paper considers the ways in which game making may be a means for deeply analyzing literary and artistic works. This work is done through a game design postmortem of La Mancha, a storytelling card game based on Miguel de Cervantes’ 1605 novel Don Quixote. The game allows players to interact with and reshape moments from the novel through guided storytelling using quotes from books that influenced Cervantes. This postmortem describes two approaches to design: design precedents and the “collected work theory” of game analysis; that were integral to La Mancha’s creation. To accomplish this, this postmortem describes previous efforts to translate literary works into tabletop design and the different ways those efforts allow players to interact with their source material's content and themes. It also describes how individual moments from Don Quixote, its themes, and critical analysis were used to design not only the overall game, but individual interactions, cards, and even pieces of artwork for the game. Finally, the role of these concepts in La Mancha’s Kickstarter funding campaign and commercial release will be described, including ways which the lessons learned will be incorporated into future works.
Measurement and correlates of irritability in clinically referred youth: Further examination of the Affective Reactivity Index.

Abstract Background: Research on youth irritability has proliferated in recent years, largely facilitated by items from existing measures and by key new instruments like the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI). The present study extends this literature by investigating the psychometric properties of the parent- and youth-report ARI and the correlates of irritability in an independent, clinically referred sample. Method: Baseline assessment data were collected from 237 youths (ages 3-18; 36% female) and their parents, seen for outpatient therapy and/or assessment. We examined the ARI in terms of (1) its item, scale, and factor properties; (2) convergent/discriminant validity with internalizing, externalizing, and emotion regulation problems; (3) specificity of associations with reactive aggression, anger, dysregulation, and coping; and (4) robustness of associations after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., age, gender). Results: The ARI's internal consistency and unidimensional factor structure were acceptable or better, with some variation across items and informants. Irritability, as measured by parent- and youth-report, was associated with variables in the externalizing (inattention, hyperactivity, executive dysfunction, aggression), internalizing (anxiety, depression, suicidality), and emotion regulation domains. Associations with reactive aggression, anger, dysregulation, and coping problems were especially pronounced. Irritability's links with internalizing and externalizing problems remained robust after controlling for demographic covariates. Limitations: The sample was limited in diversity and moderate in size. Conclusions: Findings support the reliability and validity of the ARI for assessing parent- and youth-rated irritability among clinically referred youth. Future research is needed to understand variations in irritability's manifestations, measurement, and correlates across demographic groups.
The Association of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures with Naso-Orbitoethmoid Fractures in Pediatric Populations.

BACKGROUND Naso-orbitoethmoid fractures associated with ipsilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures are more challenging injuries than zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures alone. However, there is a paucity of information on this complex fracture pattern in the pediatric population. This study investigated the cause, treatment, and outcomes of combined zygomaticomaxillary complex and naso-orbitoethmoid fractures versus isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in pediatric patients. METHODS This was a 25-year retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who presented to a single institution with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Baseline patient demographics and clinical information, and concomitant injuries, treatment/operative management, and postoperative complications/deformities were recorded and compared between patients with combined zygomaticomaxillary complex and naso-orbitoethmoid fractures and patients with isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were identified to have had zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in the authors' 25-year study period, of whom 46 had adequate clinical documentation and follow-up. Seventeen patients had combined zygomaticomaxillary complex-naso-orbitoethmoid fractures, of whom six had panfacial fractures. Both patient groups (zygomaticomaxillary complex only and combined zygomaticomaxillary complex-naso-orbitoethmoid fractures) were similar in terms of demographics. However, a significantly greater proportion of combined fracture patients experienced postoperative complications compared to isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture patients, even after excluding those with panfacial fractures (87.5 percent versus 35.3 percent; p < 0.001). Enophthalmos (37.5 percent) and midface growth restriction (37.5 percent) were the two most common complications/deformities in all combined fracture patients. CONCLUSIONS High-impact trauma can lead to zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures with associated naso-orbitoethmoid fractures in children. This injury pattern was found to cause significantly greater postoperative morbidity than isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures alone. Thus, pediatric patients presenting with this complex facial fracture pattern should be closely monitored. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
Failing to Protect the Vulnerable: The Dangers of Institutional Complicity and Enablers

Criminal liability has typically been reserved for those who have both actus reus and mens rea. Omission liability is infrequent in modern criminal codes. Despite wide public support for aiding those in peril, Western democracies have historically refused to impose any penalty upon those who fail to aid someone in danger. However recent high profile abuse scandals—including those of the USA gymnastics team, University of Michigan and the Catholic Church have caused scholars and policymakers to rethink these assumptions. In recent years, some jurisdictions have slowly come to criminalize those who witness another in peril and fail to provide aid. However, governments remain silent on whether to punish actors not present, but who learn of ongoing peril to someone they have power to protect, but nevertheless choose to not act on their behalf. Indeed, unlike other threats to society, no legislation currently exists to effectively criminalize these enablers of crime. What is more, the failure of governments to recognize omission as a crime has directly led to the phenomenon of institutional complicity. Institutional complicity, as defined in this Article, is where an individual turns a blind eye to abuse out of a sense of duty to an institution. This Article proposes a legal framework and definitional language to allow prosecution of actors who discover sexual assault, and yet fail to contact law enforcement. It also distinguishes between enables and bystanders of crime and facilitates the consideration of these issues of omission by legislatures. In examining the issue from the perspective of the person in peril, the article provides a path towards more effectively redressing the harms suffered by crime victims.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Genomics: Past, Present, and Future

O157:H7 is the most common enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype in North America, and it has been the principal causative agent of numerous food-poisoning outbreaks worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). Initially E. coli O157:H7 was recognized as a human pathogen in 1982 when it was isolated from 47 persons in two states who had developed bloody diarrhea after consuming hamburgers contaminated with this organism ( 3 ). Since then, E. coli O157:H7 has emerged as a major enteric pathogen, capable of causing localized infections and large outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease ( 4 ). Data accumulated from 1982 to 1996 showed that approximately two-thirds of the 3,000 cases of E. coli infections from 139 recognized outbreaks were associated with the ingestion of contaminated food products, whereas 22% of the reported cases were from direct person-to-person transmission and 10% were from drinking water ( 5 ). Surveillance data have demonstrated a high prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 among cattle and their environment, but a relatively low incidence of human infection. This supports the potential hypothesis that a subset of E. coli O157:H7 harbored in cattle may be responsible for the majority of human disease ( 6 ). To minimize or eradicate adverse effects on public health, the E. coli O157:H7 lineage has been the focus of numerous epidemiological, microbiological, genomic, forensic, and diagnostic studies. Overall, it is estimated that E. coli O157:H7 alone causes more than 76,000 infections and 61 deaths in humans due to severe complications annually in the United States ( 7 ). Symptoms include a range of gastrointestinal morbidities, such as severe abdominal cramping accompanied with little or no associated fever and a watery diarrhea that leads to severe bloody diarrhea ( 8 ). Although many infected individuals remain asymptomatic, approximately 15 to 20% of people infected with EHEC present severe enough symptoms to require hospitalization. In such severe cases, patients display renal dysfunction known as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), hemorrhagic colitis, and central nervous system failure with potentially lethal outcomes ( 9 – 11 ).
A Reference Dependent Regret Theory

We propose an extension of the classical regret theory model (Loomes & Sugden, 1982; henceforth LS) incorporating the notion of a reference point. As in LS, the model can account for a number of documented deviations from expected utility theory. Additionally, we show that our model is consistent with a class of behaviors known as omission bias, for example a reluctance to exchange lottery tickets, and generates predictions which are consistent with recent empirical evidence on the common-ratio effect with correlated outcomes. The model also provides a novel interpretation for risk aversion in small-stakes, equiprobable gambles. The predictive power of the theory, as well as its relative shortcomings and advantages, are examined and compared to that of other extensions of regret theory and three alternative reference-dependent models.
Toward Encouraging User Autonomy in Socially Assistive Human-Robot Interaction

Many of the domains where socially assistive robotics (SAR) can aid people involve the mastery of actions that promote well-being, or health behaviors, by individuals with chronic conditions or disorders. In-home and in-classroom robots can teach new behaviors, encourage generalized learning, and promote patient autonomy that persists beyond the robot-aided intervention. For the near future, it is practical to develop methods and algorithms that anticipate the robot’s limited time with the user, and incorporate it into models of social interactions that encourage user autonomy. The occupational therapy technique of graded cueing provides a framework for appropriately challenging feedback that can be incorporated into a SAR interaction.
Estimating refractive index structure parameter (C2n) profiles in the atmosphere: a wavelet transform-based approach

We propose a novel framework for the estimation of C 2 n in the atmosphere by utilizing an inherent vertical scaling characteristics of the temperature fields. Observations from a field campaign over the Hawaii island are used for rigorous validation. Furthermore, the strength of the proposed approach is demonstrated by direct comparison against an alternative approach based on the so-called Thorpe scale.
Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue

Introduction 1. The problem: commerce and corruption 2. The solution: moral philosophy 3. Interlude: the what and the how of TMS VI 4. Prudence, or commercial virtue 5. Magnanimity, or classical virtue 6. Beneficence, or Christian virtue Epilogue.
Hierarchical semantic classification: word sense disambiguation with world knowledge

We present a learning architecture for lexical semantic classification problems that supplements task-specific training data with background data encoding general “world knowledge”. The model compiles knowledge contained in a dictionaryontology into additional training data, and integrates task-specific and background data through a novel hierarchical learning architecture. Experiments on a word sense disambiguation task provide empirical evidence that this “hierarchical classifier” outperforms a state-of-the-art standard “flat” one.
Replication of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus In Vitro II. Viral Growth Response to Selected Nutritional Additives in Suspension Cultures

An attempt was made to identify nutritional additives that influence the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in suspension cultures grown in a defined serum-free medium. Proline, serine, and choline enhanced titers of the virulent PES strain; the progeny population, however, possessed a virulence character that was somewhat different from that of the PES inocula. These nutritional supplements did not appreciably influence the titers of the attenuated 9t and 20t viral strains. When both the PES and 20t strains were employed as a mixed inoculum in culture, the presence of the latter strain appeared to interfere with the growth of the PES strain and reduced its response to the medium supplements.
Tensile behavior of SiC/C and Rene'41 following isothermal exposure and thermal fatigue

The performance of a coated silicon carbide/carbon composite under isothermal and thermal fatigue conditions was investigated. The material studied is known as Ceracarb™ which consists of eight-harness satin weave Nicalon® silicon carbide cloth reinforcement, a carbonaceous matrix, and a silicon carbide composite coating. This advanced composite is being considered for replacing the nickel based superalloy Rene'41, as the exhaust nozzle components on military afterburning turbine engines. Thermal fatigue experiments, performed in the laboratory using a thermal cycling test system, were intended to roughly simulate the thermal excursions of an afterburning exhaust nozzle. Several thermal profiles were used to characterize the role of temperature, number of cycles, temperature range, and time at temperature, on the room temperature residual tensile strength of the material. The same thermal profiles were also conducted on test specimens of Rene'41 in order to compare its durability in the laboratory simulation test set-up to the composite. Both materials showed no loss in strength from the as-received condition following thermal testing. However, the Rene'41 showed evidence of microstructural instability at the maximum test temperature of 1093°C (2000°F) which did affect the toughness of the material. While the results from this study showed that both materials retained strength when thermally exposed in the laboratory under no loads, thermal testing under load may provide a more realistic view of how the materials perform in the afterburning exhaust nozzle application.
G-Protein-Dependent Facilitation of Neuronal α1A, α1B, and α1E Ca Channels

Modulation of neuronal voltage-gated Ca channels has important implications for synaptic function. To investigate the mechanisms of Ca channel modulation, we compared the G-protein-dependent facilitation of three neuronal Ca channels. α1A, α1B, or α1E subunits were transiently coexpressed with α2–δb and β3 subunits in HEK293 cells, and whole-cell currents were recorded. After intracellular dialysis with GTPγS, strongly depolarized conditioning pulses facilitated currents mediated by each Ca channel type. The magnitude of facilitation depended on current density, with low-density currents being most strongly facilitated and high-density currents often lacking facilitation. Facilitating depolarizations speeded channel activation ∼1.7-fold for α1A and α1B and increased current amplitudes by the same proportion, demonstrating equivalent facilitation of G-protein-inhibited α1A and α1B channels. Inactivation typically obscured facilitation of α1E current amplitudes, but the activation kinetics of α1E currents showed consistent and pronounced G-protein-dependent facilitation. The onset and decay of facilitation had the same kinetics for α1A, α1B, and α1E, suggesting that Gβγ dimers dissociate from and reassociate with these Ca channels at very similar rates. To investigate the structural basis for N-type Ca channel modulation, we expressed a mutant of α1Bmissing large segments of the II–III loop and C terminus. This deletion mutant exhibited undiminished G-protein-dependent facilitation, demonstrating that a Gβγ interaction site recently identified within the C terminus of α1E is not required for modulation of α1B.