cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparing Electronic Clinical Data for Quality Improvement and Comparative Effectiveness Research: The SCOAP CERTAIN Automation and Validation Project

Background: The field of clinical research informatics includes creation of clinical data repositories (CDRs) used to conduct quality improvement (QI) activities and comparative effectiveness research (CER). Ideally, CDR data are accurately and directly abstracted from disparate electronic health records (EHRs), across diverse health-systems. Objective: Investigators from Washington State’s Surgical Care Outcomes and Assessment Program (SCOAP) Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network (CERTAIN) are creating such a CDR. This manuscript describes the automation and validation methods used to create this digital infrastructure. Methods: SCOAP is a QI benchmarking initiative. Data are manually abstracted from EHRs and entered into a data management system. CERTAIN investigators are now deploying Caradigm’s Amalga™ tool to facilitate automated abstraction of data from multiple, disparate EHRs. Concordance is calculated to compare data automatically to manually abstracted. Performance measures are calculated between Amalga and each parent EHR. Validation takes place in repeated loops, with improvements made over time. When automated abstraction reaches the current benchmark for abstraction accuracy - 95% - itwill ‘go-live’ at each site. Progress to Date: A technical analysis was completed at 14 sites. Five sites are contributing; the remaining sites prioritized meeting Meaningful Use criteria. Participating sites are contributing 15-18 unique data feeds, totaling 13 surgical registry use cases. Common feeds are registration, laboratory, transcription/dictation, radiology, and medications. Approximately 50% of 1,320 designated data elements are being automatically abstracted – 25% from structured data; 25% from text mining. Conclusion: In semi-automating data abstraction and conducting a rigorous validation, CERTAIN investigators will semi-automate data collection to conduct QI and CER, while advancing the Learning Healthcare System.
Safety and angiogenic effects of systemic gene delivery of a modified erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO) is critical for red blood cell production and is also an effective neuroprotective agent. However, it may contribute to pathological angiogenesis. Here we investigate the angiogenic potential of EPO and a mutant form with attenuated erythropoietic activity, EPO-R76E, on primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and in the adult retina. Assays of death, proliferation and tube formation were performed on HRMECs exposed to EPO, EPO-R76E or media alone. Postnatal day-9 wild-type mice were injected intramuscularly with adeno-associated virus vectors expressing either enhanced green fluorescent protein or EpoR76E. At 3 months, levels of EPO-R76E in the eye were quantified, and the health of the retinal vasculature was assessed by fluorescein angiography and isolectin immunolabeling. Immunohistochemistry, histology and electroretinogram (ERG) assessments were performed as measures of retinal health. Neither EPO nor EPO-R76E induced proliferation or tube formation in HRMECs under the conditions used. EPO-R76E decreased HRMEC death in a dose-dependent manner. Long-term systemic gene delivery of EPO-R76E was safe in terms of retinal vasculature, histology and the ERG in vivo. Our results show that EPO-R76E can block HRMEC death, consistent with its role in erythropoiesis and neuroprotection. In addition, long-term gene delivery of EPO-R76E is safe in the adult retina.
The benzene-SO2 and pyridine-SO2 complexes

Abstract The benzene-SO 2 and pyridine-SO 2 complexes have been observed for the first time using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The complexes have different geometries. In benzene-SO 2 , the two planar species are stacked one above the other. In pyridine-SO 2 , the pyridine plane rotates by 70°, so that it is more nearly perpendicular to the SO 2 plane.
Large-amplitude thermal oscillations in defected, tilted nanocolumns

We consider the thermomechanical properties of highly defected, tilted copper nanocolumns grown via simulations of glancing angle deposition. The large defect density and compressive strain lead to ultra-low activation energies for plastic deformation via collective shear motion. As a result, the thermal oscillation amplitude is independent of temperature. This leads to a mechanism for large-amplitude thermally induced nanocolumn oscillation, in which the dynamics corresponds to a sequence of correlated activated events.
Coding in the existential theory of concatenation

We will show (Theorem I) that every existentially definable relation over concatenation is diophantine. That is, it can be defined by an existential formula whose matrix is a single equation between terms in concatenation. We show that a) disjunction of diophantine relations is diophantine, and b) that the relation “not equals” is diophantine. These results were discovered by the first author about 20 years ago but were never published. We publish them now because they are interesting in view of Makanin’s positive result on the decidability of solvability of equations in concatenation [3]. A diophantine definition for the relation “not equals” has recently appeared in Taimanov and Hmelevskii [5]. Since [5] is in Russian, and our definition is very simple we include it here. For the question of decidability a) is insignificant, but b) does extend Makanin’s work and shows that solvability of systems of equations and inequations is decidable. For questions of definability both are significant, and will be used in a subsequent paper to present the main results of [4] on definability and decidability of extensions of the theory of concatenation.
A Multipole Accelerated Desingularized Method for Computing Nonlinear Wave Forces on Bodies

Nonlinear wave forces on offshore structures are investigated. The fluid motion is computed using an Euler-Lagrange time domain approach. Nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are stepped forward in time using an accurate and stable integration technique. The field equation with mixed boundary conditions that result at each time step are solved at N nodes using a desingularized boundary integral method with multipole acceleration. Multipole accelerated solutions require O(N) computational effort and computer storage while conventional solvers require O(N{sup 2}) effort and storage for an iterative solution and O(N{sup 3}) effort for direct inversion of the influence matrix. These methods are applied to the three dimensional problem of wave diffraction by a vertical cylinder.
Trophic effects of relaxin on reproductive tissue: Role of the IGF system1

Although the growth promoting actions of relaxin on the reproductive tract have been well documented, the means by which relaxin stimulates reproductive tissue growth has not been identified. This report is an overview of studies from our laboratory investigating the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in relaxin-induced growth of ovarian and uterine tissues. In the pig ovary, concentrations of relaxin that promote both theca and granulosa cell (GC) DNA synthesis in vitro also significantly (P < 0.05) increased GC IGF-I secretion. When IGF-I activity was blocked in the presence of an IGF-I antibody, the trophic effects of relaxin on GC [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA were inhibited. However, there was no effect of relaxin on GC IGF binding proteins or IGF-I receptor. In the uterus, in vivo relaxin administration to prepubertal pigs resulted in the stimulation of growth and increases in uterine luminal IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding proteins-2 and -3 secretion (P < 0.05). Thus, the trophic effects of relaxin on ovarian granulosa cells and the uterus involve tissue-specific changes in the IGF system. Additional studies are necessary to better understand the contribution of relaxin to follicular growth and uterine accommodation. These include characterization of the relaxin receptor and post-receptor binding events, as well as the potential impact of relaxin on other growth factor systems and how these systems interact to ultimately drive reproductive tissue growth.
Dynamic fluid kinetic (DyFK) simulation of auroral ion transport: Synergistic effects of parallel potentials, transverse ion heating, and soft electron precipitation

[1] Ion outflow processes along auroral field lines are simulated with a dynamic fluid kinetic (DyFK) model which couples a comprehensive fluid ionospheric (120–1100 km altitude) model to a semikinetic treatment for the topside through 3 RE region. Using a simplified electron description, large-scale extended parallel electrical fields driven by anisotropic hot plasma distributions have been incorporated in addition to the soft auroral electron precipitation and wave-driven ion-heating processes previously simulated [Wu et al., 1999]. Simulations show that auroral ionospheric ion outflows involve initial evacuation, ion-heating, and replenishment phases. The ionospheric ion supply is effectively elevated by the soft electron precipitation to topside altitudes, where the wave-driven transverse ion heating pumps ions upward. The altitude distribution and duration of wave heating and potential drop largely affect the “pressure cooker” ion trap formation. With comparable and persistent downward potential drop and wave heating, the pressure cooker produces slow and dense suprathermal ion outflows. The ion velocity distribution evolves in an extended ion trap from bowl and counterstreaming suprathermal conic distributions at lower altitudes into mirrored conics and finally toroidal distributions at the top of the pressure cooker. The wave heating is less effective for H+ ions, owing partly to their fast transit through the wave-heating region. The H+ ion trap tends to be lower but more extended in altitudinal extent than the O+ ion trap. H+ flux and total flow are about a third to half of those of O+. Some of the toroidal distributions and ion species variations of beam and conic energies in these simulations qualitatively resemble satellite observations of such ion distributions.
Ferrocenoyl Amino Acids: A Synthetic and Structural Study.

A series of ester-protected amino acids were coupled to ferrocenecarboxylic acid (1) using the DCC/HOBt protocol to give ferrocenoyl N-amino acids (amino acid = Glu(OBz)2 (2a), Gly(OEt) (2b), Pro(OBz) (2c), Cys(SBz)OMe (2d), Ala(OBz) (2e), Tyr(OBz) (2f), Phe(OBz) (2g)). All products were fully characterized. The intermediate hydroxybenzotriazole active ester FcCOOBt (3) was isolated and fully characterized. The solid state structures of 2a, 2d, and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 2a: monoclinic P21 with a = 11.8142(5) A, b = 9.7560(5) A, c = 22.9456(10) A, β = 90.246(5)°, V = 2644.7(2) A3, Z = 2, R = 0.046. 2d: orthorhombic P212121 with a = 9.957(2) A, b = 11.680(2) A, c = 36.452(2) A, V = 4239.5(13) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.065. The solid state structures of 2a and 2d show extensive CO···H−N hydrogen bonding. 3: triclinic P1 with a = 7.0391(5) A, b = 10.7922(7) A, c = 11.1690(7) A, α = 108.071(5)°, β = 107.957(5)°, γ = 103.896(5)°, V = 712.5(2) A3, Z = 2, R = 0.030. The long ester bond...
Should the trauma surgeon do the emergency surgery

The specialty of trauma surgery is evolving. The continued decline in general surgery operative interventions in trauma patients has led to an exodus of promising young surgeons away from the field. A concurrent decline in the number of burn surgeons, as well as orthopedists and neurosurgeons interested in providing emergency care, led to a pressing need for surgeons able to perform emergency surgical care. In addition, the general surgery workforce has followed a trend of increased specialization, with young surgeons gravitating toward specialties that are perceived to have a more forgiving lifestyle. This development has led to troublesome gaps in the emergency surgery call schedule at many institutions. Several intrepid centers already have begun assimilating acute care surgery into their departments with impressive results for their patients. Increased operative volume, increased reimbursements, and a palatable lifestyle add to the allure of treating these complex and interesting patients. Training future surgeons to staff the ranks of acute care surgery is an important and exciting challenge. It may be that "Should the trauma surgeon do the emergency surgery?" is the wrong question. A better question may be "How best can we train surgeons for this new specialty"?
Coarse(PM 2.5-10 ), Fine(PM 2.5 ), and Ultrafine Air Pollution Particles Induce/Increase Immune Costimulatory Receptors on Human Blood-Derived Monocytes but not on Alveolar Macrophages

Diesel particles have been shown to possess adjuvant activity and influence the development of allergic sensitization. Also, more heterogeneous mixtures of pollution particles have been shown to affect host defenses and development of immunity in animal models. In the present study it was determined whether freshly collected particulate matter (PM(10)) in the size ranges 2.5-10 micro m (PM(2.5-10), coarse), 0.1-2.5 micro m (PM(2.5), fine), and </=0.1 micro m (ultrafine) in diameter affected the development of antigen presenting cells by evaluating the expression of surface receptors involved in T-cell interaction on both human alveolar macrophages (AM) and blood-derived monocytes (Mo). A Mo-AM coculture was exposed to 50 micro g/ml of particles and expression of HLA-DR, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on each cell type was assessed by flow cytometry. Mo upregulated the expression of all four receptors in response to each of the particle fractions, while expression was unaffected in AM. The cells were also exposed to two model air pollution particles, diesel dust and volcanic ash, neither of which affected receptor expression. Furthermore, Mo and AM were separately exposed to the three PM size fractions and supernatants assessed for the T-helper (CD4(+)) lymphocyte chemoattractant interleukin-16 (IL-16). AM, but not Mo, produced IL-16, and this chemoattractant was released only in response to PM(2.5-10). These data suggest that a wide size range of pollution particles contain materials that may promote antigen presentation by Mo, while the capability to specifically recruit CD4(+) lymphocytes is contained in AM stimulated with the coarse PM fraction.
Relationship of Anxiety, Stress, and Psychosocial Development to Reproductive Health

In this review of articles on prenatal stress, anxiety, development, and reproductive health outcomes in pregnancy, the focus is on recent research in which the relationships among the major types of stressors, anxiety, and development, on the one hand, and maternal, fetal, and neonatal problems or complications, on the other hand, were examined. Available and effective treatment measures, although limited, are introduced and discussed at length in a follow-up article. Recommendations for policy development based on current research and treatment methods and directions for future research and treatment studies are presented in a third article.
Recovery of thiamine injected into the rat cecum.

SummaryRats receiving a thiamine-free diet and with coprophagy prevented were administered thiamine by injection directly into the cecum. Lack of growth response indicated little or no absorption of the injected thiamine from the large intestine. Recovery from feces of the injected thiamine showed a loss equivalent to approximately 4 μg per day. It has been concluded that this represents the rate of destruction of thiamine in the large intestine. The inclusion of penicillin in the diet did not alter the absorbability nor did it affect the rate of destruction of thiamine in the large intestine.
Measuring ambient radon using a scintillating optical fiber bundle

A new method for detecting and measuring radon and its radioactive progeny is described, involving a bundle of scintillating optical fibers. The general sensor construction is described. A preliminary field trial is described in which the fiber sensor responded in a comparable way with a commercial radon measurement instrument, to varying ambient radon levels.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibition of gonadotropin secretion during the menstrual cycle

To determine whether corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) exerts an inhibitory action on gonadotropin secretion in normal fertile women, the effects of CRH on luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and cortisol secretion were studied during the menstrual cycle. CRH had no effect on LH release during the midfollicular phase of the cycle. By contrast, IV injection of 100 micrograms CRH elicited significant decreases in LH concentrations during late follicular (-50%) and midluteal (-52%) phases of the cycle. LH concentrations decreased during the four-hours following injection of CRH and returned to those observed during the control period five hours after injection. Similarly, CRH elicited a significant decrease in FSH secretion during the midluteal phase of the cycle. CRH injection induced an increase in cortisol release during all phases of the cycle. These data demonstrate that exogenous CRH administration results in inhibition of gonadotropin secretion in late follicular and midluteal phases of the cycle. These results suggest that elevated endogenous CRH levels resulting in increased cortisol secretion could contribute to decreased gonadotropin secretion and, thus, disruption of reproductive function during stressful conditions in women.
Changes in Renal Function Following Nephroureterectomy May Affect the Use of Perioperative Chemotherapy

Background Nephroureterectomy alone fails to adequately treat many patients with advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Perioperative platinum-based chemotherapy has been proposed but requires adequate renal function.
Dose escalation with proton or photon radiation treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to determine the optimal radiation therapy modality (three-dimensional conformal photon-radiation therapy [3DCRT], intensity-modulated photon-radiation therapy [IMRT], or passive-scattering proton therapy [PT]) for safe dose escalation (72Gy) in pancreatic tumors in different positions relative to organs at risk (OAR) anatomy. Methods and materials A 3-cm pancreatic tumor was virtually translated every 5mm over 5cm laterally. We generated two plans for each of the three techniques (3DCRT, IMRT, and PT), one that adhered to target coverage objectives and another to meet OAR sparing constraints with best coverage. We evaluated distances between gross tumor volumes and isodoses and compared dose–volume histograms. Results IMRT was more conformal in higher gradient dose regions circumferentially, but tumor positions with anteriorly located small bowel benefited more from PT. 3DCRT plans resulted in inadequate target coverage. The V 15Gy (mean±SD) were as follows for the IMRT and PT plans, respectively: stomach, 48%±4% vs 5%±3% ( p p Conclusions Our study showed that the optimal radiation therapy modality for safe dose escalation depends on pancreatic tumor position in relation to OAR anatomy.
Educating for a Peaceful World

This article outlines a program of what schools can do to encourage the values, attitudes, and knowledge that foster constructive rather than destructive relations, which prepare children to live in a peaceful world. It describes four key components of such programs: cooperative learning, conflict resolution training, the constructive use of controversy in teaching subject matters, and the creation of dispute resolution centers in schools.
Scattering effects of internal waves in the shallow-water ocean environment

The effects on acoustic energy caused by variations in the ocean environment have long been of interest to the ocean acoustics community. The shallow-water environment can be highly variable on both temporal and spatial scales. An example of shallow water environmental variability is the phenomena of internal waves. Under certain constraints, such as the spatial extent of the internal wave and the acoustic frequency, internal waves can produce very significant effects (on the order of 20 dB) on the propagation of acoustic energy. Depending on the geometry of the source and the target, the presence of an internal wave can either enhance or degrade the strength of a signal. In this work we (1) demonstrate the redistribution of acoustic energy that can be caused by the presence of shallow water internal waves, (2) show that this loss in propagated energy involves mode conversion coupled with a lossy shallow water bottom, and (3) illustrate that this phenomena can occur at a variety of frequencies that are dependent on the soliton's varying size and physical configuration. A significant implication is that solitons could be a possible explanation for the anomalous shallow-water propagation loss observed at a number of different frequencies.
Arrogance or efficiency? a discussion of the Microsoft office fluent user interface

1 Introduction I was writing an e-mail message the other day using Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 and clicked on the button for adding one of my signature blocks. Presto! Most of my message disappeared! Investigation and testing showed that the behavior was unpredictable; sometimes, only the existing default signature was replaced by the new signature but occasionally the program became confused and wiped out portions of the text as well.
Effect of an infusion of Gn-RH upon levels of sex hormones in prepubertal and pubertal girls: evidence for relative ovarian insensitivity.

Changes in levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins were measured in 16 normal prepubertal and 15 pubertal girls prior to and after a 3 hour infusion of 100 μg synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH). Plasma estradiol (E2) concentrations rose significantly (p < 0.02) from 29.7 ± 4.6(SE) pg/ml in the basal period to 46.8 ± 7.1 at the end of the infusion in the pubertal girls but were unchanged in the prepubertal girls. Estrone (E1), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosteronϵ (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels were not altered in either maturity group. Basal plasma E2, E1, T, DHT, DHA and DHAS concentrations significantly correlated with the releasable pool of LH evoked by Gn-RH from the pituitary gonadotropes. We conclude: 1) The ovary is not highly and rapidly responsive to transient elevations of endogenous gonadotropin, and 2) Adrenal androgens may to some extent modulate the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, at least as reflected by the pituitary response to exogenous Gn-RH.
Adsorption-induced conductance changes of thin Pt films and PtPd/TiO2 gas sensors

Chemisorption of H, and Oa and resulting changes in electrical conductance of a typical gas sensing material, PtPd/TiO,, and thin Pt films on glass are studied and compared. The activation energy of conduction increases as Pt film thickness decreases. Chemisorption of Ha on thin Pt films causes an increase in conductance and activation energy of conduction. 0, chemisorption results in a decrease in conductance and increase in activation energy of conduction. Alteration in the number of charge carriers and reduction in charge carrier mobility are the mechanisms proposed for the observed changes. Compared to thin Pt films, relatively large changes in electrical conductance are observed upon chemisorption of gases on TiO, supported PtPd. The role of the oxide substrate in the observed chemical interaction and electronic response is discussed. The electronic changes upon adsorption/desorption of gases are reversible for thin Pt films but only partially reversible for TiO, supported PtPd.
Optimizing experimental parameters in isothermal titration calorimetry.

In isothermal titration calorimetry, the statistical precisions with which the equilibrium constant (K) and reaction enthalpy (ΔH°) can be estimated from data for 1:1 binding depend on a number of quantities, key among them being the products c ≡ K[M]0 and h ≡ ΔH°[M]0, the stoichiometry range (Rm, ratio of total titrant X to total titrate M after the last injection), and the number of injections of titrant. A study of the statistical errors as functions of these quantities leads to the following prescription for optimizing throughput and precision: (1) Make 10 injections of titrant. (2) Set the concentrations in accord with the empirical equation Rm = 6.4/c0.2 + 13/c (but no smaller than 1.1). (3) Make the starting concentration [M]0 as large as possible within the large-signal limits of the instrumentation but limited to c < 103 for estimating K. With this procedure, both K and [M]0 are predicted to have relative standard errors <1% over large ranges of K. Systematic errors in the concentrations, [X]0 a...
Computation of ionization in re-entry flowfields

Electron concentration profiles in blunt nose vehicle shock layer during atmospheric near orbital entry at high altitudes, using finite rate chemistry
Changes in enzyme activity during differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract The patterns of alanine dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity were studied during the normal vegetative cell cycle and during the process of gametic differentiation and dedifferentiation in synchronized cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . During all three phases of growth and differentiation the synthesis of DNA was also measured. During gametic differentiation all three enzyme levels were suppressed compared to vegetative cells although DNA and cell number were comparable. During gametic dedifferentiation no DNA synthesis occurred during the first 24 h cycle and only a doubling during the second. It was not until the third cycle that a normal 4-fold increase in DNA was observed. Cell number followed a similar pattern. Athough the levels of alanine dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were uniformly low during the first cycle when glutamate dehydrogenase increased 4-fold, during the second cycle the patterns of these enzymes changed markedly. The enzymes did not attain levels characteristic of vegetative cells until the third cycle.
Should Jamaica Tax Corporate Income

This article evaluates Jamaica’s corporate income tax and tax incentive schemes. There are considerable administrative burdens and economic distortions associated with Jamaica’s income tax regime that result from taxing capital income in a “small open economy.” These burdens make a strong argument for repealing Jamaica’s corporate income tax. However, this tax is an important source of government revenue, and the political realities are such that repeal may not be a viable option. That being the case, Jamaica may have little choice but to try to broaden the tax base by trimming back on the tax incentive regime, committing the resources needed to improve enforcement of the corporate income tax, and lowering the tax rate in a revenue neutral manner. This approach would have the advantage of preserving an important source of tax revenue, staunching the erosion of the personal income tax base due to income shifting, and reducing the complexity and economic distortions associated with the current tax structure.
Reduction of radiative heat losses for solar thermal receivers

Solar thermal receivers absorb concentrated sunlight and can operate at high temperatures exceeding 600°C for production of heat and electricity. New fractal-like designs employing light-trapping structures and geometries at multiple length scales are proposed to increase the effective solar absorptance and efficiency of these receivers. Radial and linear structures at the micro (surface coatings and depositions), meso (tube shape and geometry), and macro (total receiver geometry and configuration) scales redirect reflected solar radiation toward the interior of the receiver for increased absorptance. Hotter regions within the interior of the receiver also reduce thermal emittance due to reduced local view factors in the interior regions, and higher concentration ratios can be employed with similar surface irradiances to reduce the effective optical aperture and thermal losses. Coupled optical/fluid/thermal models have been developed to evaluate the performance of these designs relative to conventional designs. Results show that fractal-like structures and geometries can reduce total radiative losses by up to 50% and increase the thermal efficiency by up to 10%. The impact was more pronounced for materials with lower inherent solar absorptances (< 0.9). Meso-scale tests were conducted and confirmed model results that showed increased light-trapping from corrugated surfaces relative to flat surfaces.
Interpretation of defects in field ion images: fcc materials

Computer shell model simulating dislocation configurations selection in field ion images of fcc structures
Modeling of Liquid Bridge and Surface Wetting on Two Rigid Spherical Particles

Spreading and drainage of liquid over particle surface in a liquid bridge between two particles has been modeled to study the influence of temperature of particle and initial kinetic energy of liquid mass remain attached between two particles on impingement of droplet to form liquid bridge on liquid spreading. The spreading and drainage of liquid bridge is a key factor for particle agglomeration, which is commonly encountered in many industrial processes such as petroleum refinery, spray coating and flocculation which involve the collision of droplet and solids particles. A model based on mass and energy conservation of liquid trapped between two particles has been proposed to estimate the surface area of particle wetted by the liquid drainage and the thickness of liquid film under the influence of heat transfer to the liquid film from hot solid particles and initial kinetic energy of spreading liquid. The Laplace-Young model of liquid bridge is solved with discrete method to obtain the volume and surface change of liquid bridge due to spreading and drainage effect. The proposed model is capable of determining transient surface coverage of spreading liquid, liquid film thickness and its temperature. The influence of some key parameters, such as initial kinetic energy of spreading liquid, initial temperature of particle on the wetting thickness and wetting area is also investigated.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Uses of Economic Theory: Against a Purely Positive Interpretation of Theoretical Results

Economists are excessively influenced by the so-called positive economics view, which says that economists should only describe and not prescribe. Here I argue that this view is flawed because it makes unreasonably strong assumptions about what players (the agents taking economic decisions) know and understand. I then use the example of micro-credit to show how this bias towards positive economics has distorted the policy debate.
A method for model-reduction of non-linear thermal dynamics of multi-zone buildings

Abstract We propose a method for reducing the order of dynamic models of temperature and humidity in multi-zone buildings. Low-order models of building thermal dynamics are useful for model-based HVAC control techniques, especially to computationally intensive ones such as Model Predictive Control (MPC). Even a lumped parameter model for a multi-zone building, which is a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations, can have large state-space dimension. Model reduction techniques are useful to simplify such models. Although there are a number of well-developed techniques for model reduction of linear systems, techniques available for non-linear systems are limited. The method we propose exploits the linear portion of the model to compute a transformation (by using balanced realization) and a specific sparsity pattern of the non-linear portion that building thermal models possess to obtain the reduced order model. Simulations show that the prediction of the zone temperatures and humidity ratios by the reduced model is quite close to that from the full-scale model, even when substantial reduction of model order is specified that reduces computation time by a factor of six or more.
Texts of Memory and Texts of History

Author(s): Wertsch, James V. | Abstract: Starting with the observation that the terms “memory” and “history” are used almost interchangeably in everyday discourse and professional academic discussion, I argue that they can and should be distinguished. Drawing on longstanding debates about nations and nationalism, it is possible to trace the roots of this distinction and see how it has taken on new significance in contemporary memory studies. I outline a few assumptions about humans as meaning makers, users of cultural tools, and “cognitive misers” and then turn to oppositions that have been drawn between collective memory and formal history. These concern the degree of subjectivity or objectivity involved, the source of authority for narrative tools, and the willingness to sacrifice evidence to preserve a narrative account about the past or vice versa. In order to translate these oppositions into more concrete means for discussing memory and history, I introduce a distinction between “specific narratives” and “narrative templates,” and I examine the source of “ethnocentric narcissism” that characterizes memory to a greater degree than history. Insight into this issue can be derived from drawing out William James’s comments on the “me-ness” of individual human memory to examine the “us-ness” of collective memory.
Design of a miniature integrated multi-modal jumping and gliding robot

This paper presents the design of a biologically inspired miniature integrated jumping and gliding robot capable of jumping heights of greater than 6 meters with a total weight of less than 100 grams. The robot is composed of two four-bar mechanisms that provide the structure for both jumping and gliding. The robot is highly integrated utilizing approximately 80% of the system mass for the jumping mode and 67% for the gliding mode. The drawbacks and benefits associated with the development of the integrated jumping and gliding prototype are highlighted and discussed. Finally, prototypes are constructed to test the integration strategy and validate the theoretical design.
Variable Conformation of Benzophenone in a Series of Resorcinarene-Based Supramolecular Frameworks

Ten supramolecular complexes incorporating benzophenone (BZP) as a guest have been synthesized by hydrothermal and conventional methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction. They are CMCR·3bipy·2H2O·BZP (CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene; bipy = 4,4‘-bipyridine) 1, CMCR·bipy·BZP·H2O 2, CMCR·2bpe·BZP (bpe = trans-1,4-bis(pyridyl)ethylene) 3, CMCR·2bpmh·BZP (bpmh = bis-(1-pyridin-4-yl-methylidene)-hydrazine) 4, CMCR·2bpeh·BZP·ethanol (bpeh = bis-(1-pyridin-4-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazine) 5, CMCR·2bipy·BZP 6, CECR·2bipy·BZP·0.5bipy (CECR = C-ethylcalix[4]resorcinarene) 7, CECR·2bpe·0.5BZP·0.5ethanol 8, CMCR·2bix·2BZP (bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1yl-methyl)benzene) 9, and CECR·2bix·2BZP 10. The resorcinarene molecule adopts a chair conformation in 1, giving rise to a 3D stepped network. Compounds 2 and 3 have a brick-wall structure with boat-shaped CMCR but different spacer connectivity. A 3D 3-fold interpenetrating network exists in compound 4, whereas a wavelike framework is found in 5. Crystals of 6, 7, and 8...
Preventing Overpressure Hazards from Trapped Liquids

We examine the overlooked hazards posed by ther-mal expansion of trapped liquids in piping systems.Trapped liquids can generate large pressure increaseswith only modest temperature changes. This is a phe-nomenon that is often overlooked or dismissed asbeing of small consequence.This article discusses a simple model for estimatingthe overpressure hazard from thermal expansion andillustrates its use with some typical liquids encoun-tered in heat-transfer systems. The control of theseoverpressure hazards is discussed in terms of applica-ble safety guidelines and standards. We then illustratethe hazard of heating trapped liquids with a casestudy. We show that the basic cause of this cata-strophic failure could have been avoided by followingapplicable safety standards in conjunction with aprocess hazard analysis of the entire system duringthe design phase. Our ﬁndings underscore two impor-tant design guidelines: (1) install a pressure relief de-vice wherever liquid can be trapped and subjected toheating and (2) verify that each component of thepiping system that can be isolated from pressure reliefsatisﬁes the design pressure. 2010 American Insti-tute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 29: 313–317, 2010Keywords: blocked ﬂow; trapped liquids; incom-pressible; expansion coefﬁcient; bulk modulus; liquid
Dose to the contralateral breast due to primary breast irradiation

The radiation dose received by the contralateral breast during primary breast irradiation is of concern because breast tissue is subject to cancer induction from low to moderate doses of radiation. In this paper the dose to the opposite breast has been studied in detail for common breast treatment techniques. Measurements have been made on 16 patients, a water phantom, a polystyrene phantom with cork inserts to simulate lung tissue, and a body-shaped phantom with wax breasts. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), ion chambers, diodes, and film have been used in the various configurations. The patient measurements have shown that there is a wide variation in the opposite breast dose received by patients, even when all are treated with, for example, tangential fields alone. Addition of more radiation fields, such as supraclavicular/axillary and internal mammary fields, may increase the dose to the opposite breast for a particular patient. Variations in the details of the technique such as what wedges are used, the use of blocks, and the orientation of the field edges are all important to the final dose received by the patient's contralateral breast. With the phantom measurements, it has been possible to determine the contributions to the opposite breast dose from each of the relevant factors. This makes it possible to explain the wide variation in patient dose measurements, and to make some relatively simple recommendations that will allow the reduction of the dose to the opposite breast from several hundred cGy to about 50 cGy for a typical treatment course dose of 5000 cGy.
Anesthesia for glucagonoma resection

Anesthetic experience with three cases of the resection of glucagonoma, a rare tumor of alpha cells of pancreatic islets, is presented. Marked increases of blood glucagon and glucose levels, with the potential for clinically significant metabolic and myocardial dysfunction, did not occur during anesthesia and surgery. Associated tumors of other endocrine cell types also were absent in the three study patients. Strategies for anticipating and managing other perioperative problems associated with glucagonoma also are discussed.
Structures of the Bacterial Ribosome in Classical and Hybrid States of tRNA Binding

During protein synthesis, the ribosome controls the movement of tRNA and mRNA by means of large-scale structural rearrangements. We describe structures of the intact bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli that reveal how the ribosome binds tRNA in two functionally distinct states, determined to a resolution of ~3.2 angstroms by means of x-ray crystallography. One state positions tRNA in the peptidyl-tRNA binding site. The second, a fully rotated state, is stabilized by ribosome recycling factor and binds tRNA in a highly bent conformation in a hybrid peptidyl/exit site. The structures help to explain how the ratchet-like motion of the two ribosomal subunits contributes to the mechanisms of translocation, termination, and ribosome recycling.
Multi-UAV Velocity and Trajectory Scheduling Strategies for Target Classification by a Single Human Operator

This work addresses the problem of enabling a single human operator to individually inspect targets for a fixed amount of time in a reconnaissance mission. The task of the operator is to classify the targets as friends or foes in real time, as they appear in video feeds from multiple UAVs. In order to account for cognitive limitations, the human is modeled as a single processing unit that can only execute one task at a time. A task is defined as a target inside the field of view of a given UAV, that needs to be inspected. Under the assumptions of this model, a linear program (LP) formulation is used to optimally find each task's arrival time and latency in the system such that the human operator can inspect each target individually for some time Δt. Previous work by the authors investigated the idea of using UAV velocity modifications to meet the timing schedule specified by the LP solution. In this paper, the idea of UAV trajectory changes is introduced by modeling the UAVs as Dubins vehicles. Modifications to the bounds on the LP constraints are derived based on Dubins trajectories. The new bounds ensure that the LP solution returns a timing schedule achievable via maneuvers that combine velocity and trajectory changes to the UAVs' flight plans. An on-line algorithm is developed that constructs and commands these velocity and trajectory changes in real time when conflicts arise. Correctness properties of this algorithm are analyzed and discussed for mission scenarios where the location of the targets is unknown and targets are discovered by the UAVs in real time.
Parental Self-Actualization and Children's Self-Concept

Summary.-The relation between parental self-actualization and the selfconcept of the junior high-school-aged child was investigated. The subjects were 154 families (39 of whom had 2 children). Self-actualization was measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory and self-concept by the Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Girls showed a stronger relationship to their parents than did boys; fathers had a greater influence on their children than did mothers, and the strongest sex combination was father-daughter. Few rs were significant; all were low and accounted for small amounts of common variance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between self-actualizing characteristics of parents and the self-concepts of their junior high-school-aged children. Particular attention is focused on how the relationships are influenced by the sex combination of the parent-child dyad. METHOD The subjects were 115 families, both parents and their children. Thirtynine of the families had two children participating in the study. For purposes of analysis, these parents' scores were duplicated and the children separated so each family unit consisted of both parents and one child (N = 154). The children were all in junior high school (Grades 7 to 9 inclusive) and ranged in age from 12 to 15 yr., with a mean age of 13.48 yr. By coincidence rather than design, there were 77 male and 77 female children subjects. Because of previously supported racial differences in self-concept (McDonald, 1968; Baumrind, 1971), the study was limited to Caucasian families. The study was also limited to families in which both parents had completed high school. The mean number of children in these participating families was
Viable podocytes detach in experimental diabetic nephropathy: potential mechanism underlying glomerulosclerosis.

Background: A decrease in podocyte number contributes to the development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy. Although podocytes have been detected in the urine in certain
A randomized clinical trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for acute pediatric arm fracture pain.

Results: Three hundred thirty-six children were randomized to treatment, 169 to ibuprofen and 167 to acetaminophen with codeine; 244 patients were analyzed. Both groups used a median of 4 doses (interquartile range 2, 6.5). The proportion of treatment failures for ibuprofen (20.3%) was lower than for acetaminophen with codeine (31.0%), though not statistically significant (difference10.7%; 95% confidence interval ‐0.2 to 21.6). The proportion of children who had any function (play, sleep, eating, school) affected by pain when pain was analyzed by day after injury was significantly lower for the ibuprofen group. Significantly more children receiving acetaminophen with codeine reported adverse effects and did not want to use it for future fractures. Conclusion: Ibuprofen was at least as effective as acetaminophen with codeine for outpatient analgesia for children with arm fractures. There was no significant difference in analgesic failure or pain scores, but children receiving ibuprofen had better functional outcomes. Children receiving ibuprofen had significantly fewer adverse effects, and both children and parents were more satisfied with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is preferable to acetaminophen with codeine for outpatient treatment of children with uncomplicated arm fractures. [Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:553-560.]
First stage in predicative measure for transnasal transsphenoidal approach to petrous apex cholesterol granuloma

Objectives/Hypothesis: This study evaluates the feasibility of the transsphenoidal approach to petrous apex cholesterol granuloma based on the petrous angle. This is the angle centered at the vomer, extending between the medial aspect of the C3 segment of the internal carotid artery and the occipital protuberance. The aim of this study is to determine the average petrous angle in a population of normal computed tomography scans. Study Design: Retrospective review at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Methods: Two of the authors independently reviewed 400 consecutive normal temporal bone computed tomography scans obtained between September and December of 2009. All scans had slice thickness of 1.25 mm at 0.6-mm intervals. Axial images parallel to the orbitomeatal plane were analyzed, and the petrous angle was measured bilaterally. Interrater reliability was tested on 50 of the computed tomography scans. Results: A total of 400 temporal bones were reviewed. The mean and median petrous angle was 17.7 and 16.5 degrees, respectively. Eleven (2.8%) had an angle ≤10.0, 331 (82.8%) between 10.1 to 20.0, and 58 (14.5%) ≥ 20.1. The interrater variability was highly correlated (r = 0.912, P < .005). Conclusions: Normative data on consistent petrous apex radiographic landmarks are important for assessing the feasibility of the transphenoidal approach to the petrous apex for cholesterol granuloma drainage. Based on a large population of normal computed tomography scans, the majority of temporal bones (82.8%) have a petrous angle ranging between 10.0 and 20.0 degrees. Laryngoscope, 2013
Similarities and Differences in Finger Interaction across Typical and Atypical Subpopulations

The method of multidimensional scaling was applied to matrices of finger interaction (IFM) computed for individual participants for finger force production tasks. When IFMs for young controls, elderly, and persons with Down syndrome were pooled, only two dimensions described interpersonal differences; these were related to total force and to the total amount of enslaving. When IFMs for each group were analyzed separately, subpopulation-specific dimensions were found. Potentially, this analysis can be applied to discover meaningful dimensions that reflect differences in indices of finger interaction across and within subpopulations which differ in their apparent ability to use the hand. It may also be useful for tracking changes in finger interaction that occur in the process of specialized training or motor rehabilitation.