cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective factors for residential building energy modeling using feature engineering

Abstract Given the improved understanding of sustainability, hundreds of factors are identified to have relevance to building energy efficiency . However, there is still a lack of knowledge about what factors play a significant role in energy consumption prediction for residential buildings. In the absence of this information, building energy consumption prediction would not be efficient. To tackle this problem, this study creates a feature engineering-based analytic framework to select effective factors for energy consumption prediction and assess their implications. Two application cases are reported to demonstrate the efficiency improvement of energy consumption prediction for residential buildings. The cases use the Residential Energy Consumption Survey database that contains more than 270 energy use-related factors about buildings and occupants in the United States. Data analysis from the two cases shows that selected features achieve 97–102% of prediction power while using 12–15% number of factors, largely reducing the dimensionality for energy prediction. The results also produce a list of significant features that are efficient predictors for residential energy modeling and evaluation at the national and regional levels. Examples of the selected features are the total number of rooms and full bathrooms, frequency of clothes dryer used, type of the housing unit, number of ceiling fans and television. The selected features explain energy use patterns and their relationships which help designer, contractors, and occupants better understand energy, behaviors, and the built environment. The resultant energy use patterns inform regional similarities, differences, and distinctive characteristics.
The Past, Present, and Future of the U.S. Patent System, an Introduction to Transcripts of the International IP Commercialization Council's Annual Conference

In May 2018, the International IP Commercialization Council (IIPCC) hosted a conference titled "Meeting the Challenges to America's Economic Future: Charting the Course in U.S. Intellectual Property and Innovation Policy" that explored the current state of the U.S. patent system in the wake of the America Invents Act (AIA) of 2011, the most comprehensive patent reform legislation since the 1950s. As the conference transcripts reflect, many stakeholders are worried that our innovation ecosystem is at risk because the pendulum has swung too far against the protection of patent rights. This Introduction offers a balanced view of the state of the patent system in the United States. It discusses the problems facing accused infrigers that prompted Congress to pass the AIA, and considers the impact that legislation and other reform efforts implemented by the judiciary and the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) have had on our patent system. While speakers at the IIPCC conference called on Congress to pass significant legislation like the Support Technology & Research for Our Nation's Growth and Economic Resilience (STRONGER) Patents Act, I believe the better approach is incremental reform led by the PTO — the entity that should serve as the nation’s primary policymaker on patents and innovation.
The HDL Proteome Watch: Compilation of studies leads to new insights on HDL function.

Abstract Purpose of review High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogeneous family of particles that contain distinct complements of proteins that define their function. Thus, it is important to accurately and sensitively identify proteins associated with HDL. Here we highlight the HDL Proteome Watch Database which tracks proteomics studies from different laboratories across the world. Recent findings In 45 published reports, almost 1000 individual proteins have been detected in preparations of HDL. Of these, 251 have been identified in at least three different laboratories. The known functions of these consensus HDL proteins go well beyond traditionally recognized roles in lipid transport with many proteins pointing to HDL functions in innate immunity, inflammation, cell adhesion, hemostasis and protease regulation, and even vitamin and metal binding. Summary The HDL proteome derived across multiple studies using various methodologies provides confidence in protein identifications that can offer interesting new insights into HDL function. We also point out significant issues that will require additional study going forward.
Effect of recombinant human MG53 protein on tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat muscle

Abstract : Introduction Skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury (I-R) is a complex injury process that includes damage to the sarcolemmal membrane, contributing to necrosis and apoptosis. MG53, a muscle-specific TRIM family protein, has been shown to be essential for regulating membrane repair and has been shown to be protective against cardiac I-R and various forms of skeletal muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) administration offered protection against I-R. Methods rhMG53 was administered to rats immediately before tourniquet-induced ischemia and again immediately before reperfusion. Two days later muscle damage was assessed histologically. Results rhMG53 offered no protective effect, as evidenced primarily by similar Evans blue dye inclusion in the muscles of rats administered rhMG53 or saline. Discussion Administration of rhMG53 does not offer protection against I-R in rat skeletal muscle. Additional studies are required to determine if the lack of a response is species-specific.
The Solar Wind in Three Dimensions

Ulysses, which is in a polar orbit about the Sun, is providing the first direct observations of the solar wind at high heliographic latitudes. Among the new results from Ulysses summarized here are the following: 1. On the declining phase of the solar activity cycle and near solar minimum solar wind variability is largely confined to a relatively narrow latitude band centered on the heliographic equator. 2. Solar wind speed far from the Sun is anti-correlated with ionization temperature in the low corona. 3. A polytrope of the form T = (2.0 × 105)N 0.57, where T and N are the proton density and temperature, describes the free expansion of the high-speed wind at high latitudes. 4. Equipartition of plasma and magnetic field energy does not occur in the high-speed wind, the plasma beta there typically being ~3.0. 5. Corotating interaction regions have opposed north-south tilts in the northern and southern hemispheres. 6. A new class of forward-reverse shock pairs associated with over-expanding coronal mass ejections has been identified at high heliographic latitudes.
Pathomechanismen und Symptomatologie

Alle Erkrankungen, auch die des Bewegungsapparats, haben irgendeine Ursache (Atiologie) und zeigen einen bestimmten Ablauf (Pathogenese). Die Frage, ob es sich bei einem bestimmten Krankheitsbild ursachlich um eine Misbildung, Entzundung, Hormonstorung, Trauma oder ein degeneratives Geschehen handelt, wird haufig gestellt. Ist die Ursache eines Leidens wissenschaftlich noch nicht geklart, wird die Bezeichnung „idiopathisch” eingesetzt. Beispiele: idiopathische Skoliose (s. Kap. 10.2.4), iodiopathische Huftkopfnekrose (s. Kap. 14.3.6).
Exploring early evaluation techniques of ambient health promoting devices in home environments of senior citizens living independently

In this paper, our goal is to explore different early evaluation techniques and their effectiveness for designing better ambient health- promoting devices for the elderly. One cannot assess the complete impact of these devices without full implementation of the device. However, through early evaluation, we present a set of considerations that can help gain meaningful insights to refine and improve upon the existing conceptual models of health monitoring ambient devices.
Cytochalasin E diminishes the lag phase in the release of superoxide by human neutrophils.

Abstract Incubation of human neutrophils with cytochalasin E at ≥ 0.30 μM for 10 minutes diminishes the latency period for superoxide release by these cells upon subsequent stimulation with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Treatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin E at ≥ 2.5μM virtually eliminates this latency period under the circumstances of our assay. The utility of this compound for studies concerning the sequence of the biochemical events that occur during stimulation of neutrophils is intimated.
Radioimmunoassay of Rabbit Luteinizing Hormone: Serum Levels During Various Reproductive States11

A highly sensitive, 5-day double antibody radioimmunoassay method has been developed to measure rabbit luteinizing hormone (LH), using guinea pig anti-ovine LH serum and radioiodinated ovine LH. In the assay, rabbit serum, rabbit pituitary homogenates and a rabbit pituitary LH standard produce parallel doseresponse curves. Within physiological ranges, the system is free from interference with rabbit follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or rabbit thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and appears quite specific for LH. Reproducibility and precision of the assay are within acceptable limits. In a series of preliminary tests, LH was found to be low in males as well as in females during estrus, anestrus, pregnancy and after hemi-ovariectomy. In rabbits which had been ovariectomized for periods of 4–14 months, mean plasma LH levels were higher than in estrous animals and a circhoral rhythm was suggested by a wide SD which appeared to be unrelated to the duration of ovariectomy. In female rabbits, serum LH levels inc...
Tuple switching network-When slower may be better

This paper reports an application dependent network design for extreme scale high performance computing (HPC) applications. Traditional scalable network designs focus on fast point-to-point transmission of generic data packets. The proposed network focuses on the sustainability of high performance computing applications by statistical multiplexing of semantic data objects. For HPC applications using data-driven parallel processing, a tuple is a semantic object. We report the design and implementation of a tuple switching network for data parallel HPC applications in order to gain performance and reliability at the same time when adding computing and communication resources. We describe a sustainability model and a simple computational experiment to demonstrate extreme scale application's sustainability with decreasing system mean time between failures (MTBF). Assuming three times slowdown of statistical multiplexing and 35% time loss per checkpoint, a two-tier tuple switching framework would produce sustained performance and energy savings for extreme scale HPC application using more than 1024 processors or less than 6 hour MTBF. Higher processor counts or higher checkpoint overheads accelerate the benefits.
The Significance and Implication of Control Object's Self-Balancing Applied in Turbine Governor Control

This paper introduced the transmission links behind the turbine governor controller output link, and elaborated the interaction between these transmission links. Based on the example, the paper considered the universality of controlled object’s self-regulating and self-balancing from a new perspective, and cited how to use these common and convergence regular pattern ‘intentionally or unintentionally’ in turbine governor control. At last, the paper proposed some ideas of turbine governor control system design, and suggested how to deeply understand and use self-balancing ability of control object.
POWER IN THE AMERICAN ECONOMY: A REVIEW AND COMMENTARY

Summary The two books I have been reviewing have made a number of points about the nature of power in the American economy. Our economic society is dominated by large institutional actors. Supporting this reality are layers of traditional reasons, some of which are myth-like. These institutions are not necessarily as efficient or as innovative as these traditional beliefs inform us, and they coalesce to form an interconnected whole that operates to serve institutional interests first. In the process, large business corporations come to see natural persons as roles. This perception at once increases the individual's mobility and her irrelevance. Many of us are leading meaningless lives as we serve the objectives of others in our work. Overall, the large American business corporation has brought a new form of social organization that substantially truncates us as natural, whole persons. In the process, these organizations are challenging the family as a dominant form of organization in our society. Rights in our society accrue to the actor with productive capacity. Through the use of political power, market research, and advertising, we can discern a type of power that subtly conditions us to believe that this reorganization of our environment is proper and right. As we pursue our own “free will,” therefore, we actually submit to the objectives of the large business corporation. Generally speaking, Adams, Brock, and Coleman agree on this fundamental point: the dignity of individual purpose and meaning that we share and that define us as human beings is thwarted by a set of institutional arrangements that have fundamentally reoriented our society to serve the institutions' own objectives of profit and growth. Why is this important? It seems that in social systems, like mechanical systems, something is lost when mass is increased. As our important institutions become larger, what is lost is a kind of knowledge about our own environment and how it works. In the place of this first-hand knowledge, we come to rely on second-hand knowledge provided by social-science experts. Without this first-hand knowledge, we lose the confidence that we have the ability to see for ourselves what has meaning and to bring about desired changes in our lives. With the loss of confidence, we lose power, a form of power that each of us is told from childhood that we, by nature, should have. Our individual wills and perceptions atrophy without use. We come to believe that our place in the social order is inevitable and natural. In short, the individual, the source of both knowledge and political rights, has become secondary to the will and strength of large private and public institutions. How can natural, individual actors regain–or perhaps realize for the first time –power in their own lives? In reaching for an answer to this question, I believe Adams, Brock, and Coleman have overlooked some essential features of our modern political economy.
The zones of proximal flow: guiding students through a space of computational thinking skills and challenges

This paper presents a novel pedagogical framework, entitled the Zones of Proximal Flow, which integrates Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory with Csikszentmihalyi's ideas about Flow. Flow focuses on the individual-- an individual is in Flow when challenges are balanced with skills. The Zone of Proximal Development, on the other hand, brings in a social learning aspect focusing on a student's ability to learn concepts with external support. From our research experiences bringing game and simulation design into middle school classrooms, we attempt to provide students with appropriate challenges using a project-first based approach that aims to keep students in Flow. The project-first approach employs inquiry based scaffolding to guide students, with appropriate support by their teachers, through Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development, back in to Csikszentmihalyi's state of Flow for an ideal learning experience. We call this space the Zones of Proximal Flow. Data indicate that the Zones of Proximal Flow approach works, keeping classrooms engaged in the act of game design and enabling students to advance to more complex program creations.
Toward a Pedagogy of the Enthymeme: The Roles of Dialogue, Intention, and Function in Shaping Argument.

"I teach composition using an enthymematic approach." Or I might say, "I teach composition from the enthymeme" or "with the enthymeme." Unfortunately, the word enthymeme is more likely to alienate composition teachers than to attract their interest and attention, despite a growing body of scholarship that positions the enthymeme at the very heart of the composing process. According to the viewpoint that emerges from this scholarship, enthymematic reasoning is fundamental to cognition and discourse, and hence to writing. If so, then talking about the enthymeme ought to be an essential and powerful way of talking about the composing process, and of teaching it (Grimaldi, Gage, Green, Walker, Porter, Hood, Emmel, among others). Part of the difficulty of explaining what is meant by "teaching enthymematically" resides in the word enthymeme itself, which, unlike more familiar composition terminology (thesis, evidence, conclusion), lacks a common and shared meaning, even recognition, for both students and teachers alike. As one of my students complained, "I couldn't even find it in the dictionary!" Other students have been perturbed when their other teachers do not recognize the word. As a means of understanding and discussing composition, the term enthymeme is still in the process of gaining definition and application-that is, of becoming grounded in composition theory, apart from the realms of formal logic and classical rhetorical theory. The age-old tendency to reduce the enthymeme to "a truncated syllogism," or to a mere figure of speech with little rhetorical potential beyond the moment of utterance, robs it of the fullness from which its pedagogical potential derives (see, for example, Conley's and Poster's surveys of ancient and modem interpretations of the enthymeme). Yet the enthymeme is not just a logical paradigm ("statement 1 is true because statement 2 is true") but also a conceptualization of a rich set of relationships with the potential of being expressed in a multitude of ways, of which the enthymematic and syllogistic paradigms are only the most schematic and thesis-like. A successful essay is no less enthymematic for not being
Undergraduate Science Majors: Gender Differences in Who Goes to Graduate School

Undergraduate Science Majors: Gender Differences in Who Goes to Graduate School Sax, Linda J., 1967- The Review of Higher Education, Volume 24, Number 2, Winter 2001, pp. 153-172 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhe/summary/v024/24.2sax.html Access Provided by UCLA Library at 05/13/11 1:11AM GMT
STATISTICAL MECHANICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF TURBULENT COAGULATION

A fundamental tenet of statistical mechanics is that the rate of collision of two objects is related to the expectation value of their relative velocities. In pioneering work by Saffman and Turner [J. Fluid Mech. 1, 16 (1956)], two different formulations of this tenet are used to calculate the collision kernel Γ between two arbitrary particle size groups in a turbulent flow. The first or spherical formulation is based on the radial component wr of the relative velocity w between two particles: Γsph=2πR2〈|wr|〉, where wr=w⋅R/R, R is the separation vector, and R=|R|. The second or cylindrical formulation is based on the vector velocity itself: Γcyl=2πR2〈|w|〉, which is supported by molecular collision statistical mechanics. Saffman and Turner obtained different results from the two formulations and attributed the difference to the form of the probability function of w used in their work. A more careful examination reveals that there is a fundamental difference between the two formulations. An underlying assum...
Interaction of c-Cbl with Myosin IIA Regulates Bleb Associated Macropinocytosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

KSHV is etiologically associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an angioproliferative endothelial cell malignancy. Macropinocytosis is the predominant mode of in vitro entry of KSHV into its natural target cells, human dermal microvascular endothelial (HMVEC-d) cells. Although macropinocytosis is known to be a major route of entry for many viruses, the molecule(s) involved in the recruitment and integration of signaling early during macropinosome formation is less well studied. Here we demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein c-Cbl is required for KSHV induced membrane blebbing and macropinocytosis. KSHV induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Cbl as early as 1 min post-infection and was recruited to the sites of bleb formation. Infection also led to an increase in the interaction of c-Cbl with PI3-K p85 in a time dependent manner. c-Cbl shRNA decreased the formation of KSHV induced membrane blebs and macropinocytosis as well as virus entry. Immunoprecipitation of c-Cbl followed by mass spectrometry identified the interaction of c-Cbl with a novel molecular partner, non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (myosin IIA), in bleb associated macropinocytosis. Phosphorylated c-Cbl colocalized with phospho-myosin light chain II in the interior of blebs of infected cells and this interaction was abolished by c-Cbl shRNA. Studies with the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin demonstrated that myosin IIA is a biologically significant component of the c-Cbl signaling pathway and c-Cbl plays a new role in the recruitment of myosin IIA to the blebs during KSHV infection. Myosin II associates with actin in KSHV induced blebs and the absence of actin and myosin ubiquitination in c-Cbl ShRNA cells suggested that c-Cbl is also responsible for the ubiquitination of these proteins in the infected cells. This is the first study demonstrating the role of c-Cbl in viral entry as well as macropinocytosis, and provides the evidence that a signaling complex containing c-Cbl and myosin IIA plays a crucial role in blebbing and macropinocytosis during viral infection and suggests that targeting c-Cbl could lead to a block in KSHV infection.
Unusual class alliances: Labour's role in Venezuela's coup

Abstract After 43 years of democracy, Venezuela has been considered the most stable democracy in South America. On April 11, the popularly elected President Hugo Chavez was forcefully removed from power by groups that had been actively pursuing a path to overthrow him. The primary instigators of the immediate crisis were organisations long associated with a party system that was almost entirely discredited by the mid-1990s and overwhelmingly voted out of power in 1998. Though discredited, these groups had amassed resources that kept their power entrenched in the institutional structures, if not in the hearts and minds of the Venezuelan people. Although these organisations represent conflicting class interests, their political interests coincided. Chavez had made it very clear that his intention was to destroy what he called the old oligarchy of power in which these groups had privileged positions via elite pact-making with parties and the state.1 The umbrella labour organisation, Confederacion de Trabajad...
The Effect of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps on the Rat

AbstractThe effect of high pressure sodium vapor lamps and daylight-simulating fluorescent lights on the growth, hematology, and behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated. Rats weaned under the sodium vapor lamps had slightly heavier adrenals than those exposed to the daylight lamps when the two lighting systems were equalized either for total irradiance or for scotopic illuminance. However, no differences were observed in the tailflick response, hot plate response, or swimming endurance of rats housed under the two lighting conditions. No consistent differences were seen in the hemoglobin, red and white cell count, hematocrit, and mean cell volume between rats weaned under the high pressure sodium vapor lamps and daylight-simulating fluorescent lights.
Coated Tips for Scanning Thermal Microscopy

This paper presents a unique solution to the inaccuracies produced when thermally scanning various micro and nano systems with thermistor tip scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). Under dc measurement conditions, thermistor tip heating induces perturbations in the measured system that change with sample properties like material and geometry. As a result, normal SThM scans are affected by errors that make it difficult to interpret the 2D-temperature scans of such systems. By coating the SThM tips with a thermally resistive material (100nm of Si 3 N 4 ) we demonstrate that the temperature dependence on sample material and geometry can be minimized and the tip heating problem can be mitigated to that of a constant temperature offset problem. Included are the first images of coated scanning thermal microscopy (C-SThM) as well as a lumped model that describes the basis of the improvement seen in the thermal images.
Paramagnetic organometallic liquid crystal polymers

We have synthesized a paramagnetic organometallic liquid crystal polymer containing a tetradentate Schiff base complex of copper II. The main chain liquid crystal polymer forms when the functionalized complex is combined at 220°C with the melt of a low molecular weight terpolymer. The terpolymer is a nematic liquid crystal at this temperature and contains oxybenzoate, dioxyphenyl, and pimeloate structural units. The organometallic material melts reversibly into a liquid crystalline fluid at a slightly lower temperature than the terpolymer. In external magnetic fields the tendency is for the backbone axis of the organometallic fluid to rotate away from the field direction. This observation suggests that strong interactions between the field and the paramagnetic units dictate the orientation of diamagnetic chemical sequences which normally align parallel to the magnetic field.
3D MRI-based multicomponent FSI models for atherosclerotic plaques

A three-dimensional (3D) MRI-based computational model with multicomponent plaque structure and fluid–structure interactions (FSI) is introduced to perform mechanical analysis for human atherosclerotic plaques and identify critical flow and stress/strain conditions which may be related to plaque rupture. Three-dimensional geometry of a human carotid plaque was reconstructed from 3D MR images and computational mesh was generated using Visualization Toolkit. Both the artery wall and the plaque components were assumed to be hyperelastic, isotropic, incompressible, and homogeneous. The flow was assumed to be laminar, Newtonian, viscous, and incompressible. The fully coupled fluid and structure models were solved by ADINA, a well-tested finite element package. Results from two-dimensional (2D) and 3D models, based on ex vivo MRI and histological images (HI), with different component sizes and plaque cap thickness, under different pressure and axial stretch conditions, were obtained and compared. Our results indicate that large lipid pools and thin plaque caps are associated with both extreme maximum (stretch) and minimum (compression when negative) stress/strain levels. Large cyclic stress/strain variations in the plaque under pulsating pressure were observed which may lead to artery fatigue and possible plaque rupture. Large-scale patient studies are needed to validate the computational findings for possible plaque vulnerability assessment and rupture predictions.
Developmental variations in plasma leptin, leptin soluble receptor and their molar ratio in healthy infants

Background Leptin and its soluble receptor (sOB-R) are important to regulation of body composition but there are no data on the developmental variations in these plasma variables and their relationship with body composition measurements,
Grain Density in Photographic Tracks of Heavy Particles

The relation between grain density in photographic tracks and particle energy has been derived theoretically assuming that the probability that a grain be developed is given by $P=c[1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}b{(\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dR}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$. Using a single pair of parameters $b$ and $c$ we can represent with this equation all experimental curves so far published for alpha-particles, tritons, protons, $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}$ mesons (University of Bristol). The agreement between experiments and theory is very satisfactory.
Quality control assessment for the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support (MDIS) System's display monitors

Seattle, Washington 98195ABSTRACTBy the middle of 1994, most of the radiology diagnoses at Madigan Army Medical Center are planned to be performed ondiagnostic workstations rather than from hardcopy films. There are currently over 20 workstations on the system. The finalinstallation will have over 100 workstations located throughout the hospital and medical clinics. A few of the workstationshave four monitors, but most of them will have two monitors. Consistent, high-quality images must be produced by thedifferent monitors to help support accurate diagnoses and consultation. We have applied several quality control tests tovarious types of monitors attached to a clinically-functioning Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support (MDIS or PACS)System at Madigan Army Medical Center to ensure the high quality of diagnostic image display.Many characteristics of a monitor can degrade over time, including luminance, spatial uniformity, and spatial resolution.Tests to measure these characteristics are explained and results are shown. A photometer and the SMPTE test pattern areused in many of the tests. The results of different monitors on the same workstation are compared as well as the resultsfrom the same monitor over time. Technicians from the PACS vendor adjust the maximum brightness of the monitorsperiodically at Madigan so that they meet the specification. Our data shows that this adjustment alone is not sufficient toensure that the other characteristics of a monitor are within acceptable values.1. INTRODUCTIONMany medical facilities use computer monitors for consultation and, in some instances, for diagnosis. Therefore, monitorsshould be required to meet quality control standards at least as stringent as those applied to film-based radiography. Thispaper begins to address this problem by presenting the results of applying several tests to three different types of gray scalecathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors used for viewing medical images over a period of several months. Small changes in the
CALCULATION OF AREA OF ANIMAL ACTIVITY BY USE OF MEDIAN AXES AND CENTERS IN SCATTER DIAGRAMS

The following discussion is intended to review some preceding studies of observed or calculated home areas of animals and to compare the results with those based on use of median axes and median centers in scatter diagrams which represent places where individual animals were seen (MoHR and STUMPF, 1964, a and b). Home range as used here is characterized by SETON (1909) who wrote, "No wild animal roams at random over the country; each has a home region even if it has not an actual home." The home region, or range, is an area in which an animal is active about its home or homes for a stated period. A home may consist of a form or thicket, burrow, nest or tree which is occupied at least twice during a 24-hour period. More frequent occupancy fixes its status better statistically. The area usually is measured as though it were on a plane surface but many animals which occupy home ranges may use parts such as trees to a considerable height above the plane surface, especially in old and complex communities. Territories are considered to be part of the area of activity around home or homes.
CdTe thin film solar cells: device and technology issues

Polycrystalline thin film CdTe continues to be a leading material for the development of cost effective and reliable photovoltaics. Thin film CdTe solar cells and modules are typically heterojunctions with CdS being the n-type partner, or window layer. The preferred configuration for CdTe solar cells is the superstrate structure. The cadmium chloride heat treatment, the back contact formation process, and the utilization of resistive, buffer layers in tandem with a thin cadmium sulfide window layer, are important areas of research in thin film CdTe solar cells. This paper reviews work on CdTe thin film solar cells sponsored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Results for a vapor chloride heat treatment with high throughput characteristics, a dry back contact process, and a comparative study of resistive buffer layers and their effect on the performance of CdTe solar cells are presented.
From Zoot Suits to Hip Hop: Towards a Relational Chicana|[sol]|o Studies1

This article traces cultural exchange between Chicana/o and Latina/o, African American, and Asian American youth since World War II, including analyses of zoot suit, civil rights movement art, and hip hop cultures. Drawing on theories of zapatismo as critical cultural practice, I explore how the cultural poetics of racialized youth functioned as a struggle for dignity. Rather than dismiss different youth cultures as too disjointed for any kind of productive dialog, I propose that we listen to what each might teach us about addressing crises of resources and domination in the academy. If Chicana/o, Latina/o, and Ethnic Studies are at crossroads in how they respond to increased funding cutbacks, battles over affirmative action, and the intellectual saliency of “new” fields like Borderlands Studies, I argue that a relational approach to Chicana/o youth culture provides clues to retool the theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical arsenal of these fields to regenerate them as a site of social struggle.
Effects of verbal corrections on student attitude and performance

The present study was designed to compare the effects of negative feedback statements and specific directives in music performance instruction. Twenty-five college undergraduates and 25 fifth- and ...
Spatially selective photoconductive stimulation of live neurons

Synaptic activity is intimately linked to neuronal structure and function. Stimulation of live cultured primary neurons, coupled with fluorescent indicator imaging, is a powerful technique to assess the impact of synaptic activity on neuronal protein trafficking and function. Current technology for neuronal stimulation in culture include chemical techniques or microelectrode or optogenetic based techniques. While technically powerful, chemical stimulation has limited spatial resolution and microelectrode and optogenetic techniques require specialized equipment and expertise. We report an optimized and improved technique for laser based photoconductive stimulation of live neurons using an inverted confocal microscope that overcomes these limitations. The advantages of this approach include its non-invasive nature and adaptability to temporal and spatial manipulation. We demonstrate that the technique can be manipulated to achieve spatially selective stimulation of live neurons. Coupled with live imaging of fluorescent indicators, this simple and efficient technique should allow for significant advances in neuronal cell biology.
Risk-Adjusting Outcomes of Mental Health and Substance-Related Care: A Review of the Literature

Risk adjustment is increasingly recognized as crucial to refining health care reimbursement and to comparing provider performance in terms of quality and outcomes of care. Risk adjustment for mental and substance use conditions has lagged behind other areas of medicine, but model development specific to these conditions has accelerated in recent years. After describing outcomes of mental health and substance-related care and associated risk factors, we review research studies on risk adjustment meeting the following criteria: (1) publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1980 and 2002, (2) evaluation of one or more multivariate models used to risk-adjust comparisons of utilization, cost, or clinical outcomes of mental or substance use conditions across providers, and (3) quantitative assessment of the proportion of variance explained by patient characteristics in the model (e.g., R2 or c-statistic). We identified 36 articles that included 72 models addressing utilization, 74 models of expenditures, a...
Diagnosis and treatment of viral infections.

Viral infections are of concern to dental professionals because of ease of transmission, the oral, latent, recurrent, and systemic diseases they can produce, their association with opportunistic infections and malignant transformation, and their influence on infection control. In this article, information regarding the following viruses is provided: (1) HIV, (2) human herpesviruses, (3) human papillomaviruses, (4) enteroviruses, and (5) hepatitis C virus.
Contribution of vagal afferents to the volume-timing response to expiratory loads in neonatal lambs☆

Abstract Expiratory loads elicit volume-dependent reflex increases in expiratory duration ( T E ) in adult animals. This reflex is mediated by pulmonary vagal afferents. It was hypothesized that this same reflex in newborn lambs is mediated by vagal afferents. Single-breath graded expiratory loads were presented to 4 day old, anesthetized neonatal lambs through a facemask (FM), via a tracheostomy (TR) and after the cervical vagi were severed bilaterally in the TR animals (VAG). In FM and TR studies, expired volume ( V E ) decreased and T E increased with increasing load magnitude. There was no significant difference in the V E - T E curves for FM and TR. These results demonstrate that pulmonary vagal afferents are mediating the volume-related reflex modulation of T E during expiratory loading in the anesthetized neonatal lamb which is unaffected by bypass (TR) of upper airway afferents.
A bacterial artificial chromosome library for the Australian saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and its utilization in gene isolation and genome characterization.

Crocodilians (Order Crocodylia) are an ancient vertebrate group of tremendous ecological, social, and evolutionary importance. They are the only extant reptilian members of Archosauria, a monophyletic group that also includes birds, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs. Consequently, crocodilian genomes represent a gateway through which the molecular evolution of avian lineages can be explored. To facilitate comparative genomics within Crocodylia and between crocodilians and other archosaurs, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the Australian saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. This is the first BAC library for a crocodile and only the second BAC resource for a crocodilian. The C. porosus BAC library consists of 101,760 individually archived clones stored in 384-well microtiter plates. Not I digestion of random clones indicates an average insert size of 102 kb. Based on a genome size estimate of 2778 Mb, the library affords 3.7 fold (3.7×) coverage of the C. porosus genome. To investigate the utility of the library in studying sequence distribution, probes derived from CR1a and CR1b, two crocodilian CR1-like retrotransposon subfamilies, were hybridized to C. porosus macroarrays. The results indicate that there are a minimum of 20,000 CR1a/b elements in C. porosus and that their distribution throughout the genome is decidedly non-random. To demonstrate the utility of the library in gene isolation, we probed the C. porosus macroarrays with an overgo designed from a C-mos (oocyte maturation factor) partial cDNA. A BAC containing C-mos was identified and the C-mos locus was sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment of the C. porosus C-mos coding sequence with avian and reptilian C-mos orthologs reveals greater sequence similarity between C. porosus and birds (specifically chicken and zebra finch) than between C. porosus and squamates (green anole). We have demonstrated the utility of the Crocodylus porosus BAC library as a tool in genomics research. The BAC library should expedite complete genome sequencing of C. porosus and facilitate detailed analysis of genome evolution within Crocodylia and between crocodilians and diverse amniote lineages including birds, mammals, and other non-avian reptiles.
The Value of 6-Month Interval Imaging after Benign Radiologic–Pathologic Concordant Minimally Invasive Breast Biopsy

Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend repeat imaging 6–12 months after a benign radiologic–pathologic concordant image-guided breast biopsy. We hypothesized that interval imaging <12 months after benign concordant biopsy has a low cancer yield and increases health care costs. An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review identified 689 patients who underwent image-guided breast biopsy at Bryn Mawr Hospital between January and December 2010. Charts were evaluated for documentation of radiologic–pathologic concordance. Of 689 patients, 188 (27 %) had malignant pathology, 3 (0.4 %) had nonbreast pathology, and 498 (72.3 %) had benign pathology. Of 498 patients with benign findings, 44 (8.8 %) underwent surgical excision as a result of discordance, atypia, papillary lesion, or other benign finding. Of the remaining 454 patients who did not undergo excision, 337 (74.2 %) had documented radiologic–pathologic concordance. Interval imaging <12 months after benign biopsy was obtained in 182 (54.0 %) concordant patients. Five (2.7 %) patients had suspicious [American College of Radiology Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4] findings on follow-up imaging. Only one breast cancer was identified, representing 0.5 % (95 % confidence interval 0–3.4) of all benign concordant patients undergoing interval imaging. The cost of detecting a missed cancer with interval imaging after benign concordant biopsy was $41,813.77 in this cohort. Interval imaging performed <12 months after benign concordant breast biopsy demonstrated a low yield for the detection of breast cancer and resulted in increased health care costs. Our data support the policy for discontinuation of routine interval imaging after benign concordant biopsy.
Effect of actinomycin D on cultural growth phases and on the pattern of total RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena.

Abstract Actinomycin D added at inoculation, alters the cultural growth pattern of Tetrahymena pyriformis as follows: (a) duration of lag phase is prolonged, (b) generation time increased, (c) time in log phase increased, (d) time in decelerating growth phase decreased, (e) number of cells entering stationary phase decreased. Addition of the drug after 4 hr of growth does not induce a new lag phase in the populations. Measurements of total RNA indicate that, as expected, RNA is produced at a slower rate in the treated cultures compared to the controls. Also less total RNA is synthesized by stationary phase, when RNA synthesis stops. The onset of RNA synthesis occurs without any apparent lag. During log phase in both control and treated cultures, doubling of RNA does not keep up with doubling of cell number, thus after the first generation of log growth RNA/cell falls.
On the Gaussian interference channel

The determination of the capacity region of the Gaussian interference channel remains an open problem. The channel model is described and cases that have been solved by other researchers are summarized. The optimality is established of two extreme points in the achievable region of the general Gaussian interference channel. It is proved that the class of degraded Gaussian interference channels is equivalent to the class of Z (one-sided) interference channels.
The thermodynamics of PdAgH ternary solid solutions

The solubility of hydrogen in PdAgH ternary solutions in equilibrium with H2 gas at atmospheric pressure has been measured in the temperature range 625–1111 K and in PdAg “binary solvents” containing up to 93 at.% of Ag. Concomitant elastic measurements have provided data which enable the partial thermodynamic functions of the H-atoms deduced from the solubility measurements to be converted so as to refer to a hypothetical PdAg lattice of constant specific volume. The resulting “volume corrected” functions have been discussed in terms of the cell model for ternary solutions and have been shown to vary with temperature and Ag-concentration in a manner in accord with this model.
Ground-based vibration response of a spinning, cyclic symmetric rotor with gyroscopic and centrifugal softening effects

This paper is to study ground-based vibration response of a spinning, cyclic symmetric rotor through a theoretical analysis and an experimental study. The theoretical analysis consists of three steps. The first step is to analyze vibration characteristics of a stationary cyclic symmetric rotor with N identical substructures. For each vibration mode, we identify a phase index n and derive a Fourier expansion of the mode shape in terms of the phase index n. The second step is to predict rotor-based vibration response of the spinning, cyclic symmetric rotor based on the Fourier expansion of the mode shapes and the phase indices. The rotor-based formulation includes gyroscopic and centrifugal softening terms. Moreover, rotor-based response of repeated modes and distinct modes is obtained analytically. The third step is to transform the rotor-based response to ground-based response using the Fourier expansion of the stationary mode shapes. The theoretical analysis leads to the following conclusions. First, gyroscopic effects have no significant effects on distinct modes. Second, the presence of gyroscopic and centrifugal softening effects cause the repeated modes to split into two modes with distinct frequencies ω1 and ω2 in the rotor-based coordinates. Third, the transformation to ground-based observers leads to primary and secondary resonances. In general, the ground-based response presents resonance branches in the Campbell diagram at ω1 ± kω3 and ω2 ± kω3 , where k is phase index n plus an integer multiple of cyclic symmetry N. When the gyroscopic effect is significantly greater than the centrifugal softening effect, two of the four resonance branches disappear. The remaining resonances take the form of either ω1 + kω3 and ω2 − kω3 or ω1 − kω3 and ω2 + kω3 . To verify these predictions, we also conduct a modal testing on a spinning disk carrying 4 pairs of brackets evenly spaced in the circumferential direction with ground-based excitations and responses. The disk-bracket system is mounted on a high-speed, air-bearing spindle. An automatic hammer excites the spinning disk-bracket system and a laser Doppler vibrometer measures its vibration response. A spectrum analyzer processes the hammer excitation force and the vibrometer measurements to obtain waterfall plots at various spin speeds. The measured primary and secondary resonances from the waterfall plots agree well with those predicted analytically.© 2008 ASME
Speaking of Space

Space technology jargon, noting language used, origin and formation of words, acronyms, etc
A possible CH subdwarf

CH giants, with Mv around −1 to 0.5 (refs 1,2), are stars which have the following well-known properties: (1) weak lines of iron-group elements2, (2) rich in carbon, exceptionally strong features of CH, moderately strong (depending on the surface temperature) C2 and CN (refs 1,2), (3) relatively strong lines of the s-process elements (especially Sr and Ba), and (4) halo-population kinematics3,4. CH giants are also found in globular clusters: ω Cen, M22 and M55 (refs, 5,6). Later, Bond7 discovered a group of field stars, called CH subgiants, with Mv from 2 to 4 (ref. 8). The four properties listed above are shared by the CH subgiants. We discuss here a possible CH subdwarf. First, we establish its subdwarf nature through photometry and proper motion, then we discuss spectroscopic data. Finally, we review how CH giants, CH subgiants and the CH subdwarf constitute a sequence of increasingly challenging cases for the stellar evolution theory.