cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amorphous silicon buried-channel thin-film transistors

We demonstrate a buried-channel thin-film field effect transistor (TFT) based on deposited silicon nitride and hydrogenated amorphous silicon with the conducting channel recessed approximately 50 /spl Aring/ from the interface. We fabricate transistors and capacitors by DC reactive magnetron sputtering of a silicon target in a plasma of (Ar+H/sub 2/+N/sub 2/) or (Ar+H/sub 2/) for the nitride and silicon layers, respectively. To create a step in the conduction band, and thus a buried-channel, we vary the hydrogen partial pressure which varies the hydrogen content and the bandgap of amorphous silicon. Capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements on these devices present strong evidence for the existence of the buried-channel. We achieve a record field effect mobility in saturation of 1.68 cm/sup 2//V-s with amorphous silicon deposited at 230/spl deg/C, and an acceptable mobility of 0.44 cm/sup 2//V-s with amorphous silicon deposited at 125/spl deg/C.
Improving Treatment for the Severely Mentally Ill: Implications of the Decade-Long Italian Psychiatric Reform

Recent reviews of the results of the important Italian Psychiatric Reform have been unusual in that they have ranged from very enthusiastic to very negative. No recent report has focused on extrapolating from the Italian experience the pluses and minuses that might be applicable to the U.S. system of delivery of mental health services so as to improve the care of the seriously mentally ill. In this paper I will summarize my observations and clinical research during 6 months in Italy, emphasizing what has not been reported by others; I will analyze the impact of the Italian changes on Italian practice and try to identify in a balanced way any inferences that can be drawn from the Italian experience that add to ideas now current in the United States about treatment of the severely mentally ill.
Vancomycin Removal by High-Flux Polysulfone Hemodialysis Membranes in Critically Ill Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

To define the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in an acute care setting and to characterize the rebound phenomenon occurring after hemodialysis, vancomycin t1/2 during the interdialytic and intradialytic phases and intradialytic clearance were measured in eight critically ill patients undergoing high-flux hemodialysis using F-80 or F-60 polysulfone dialyzers. Intradialytic clearance was determined using the recovery method. In patients dialyzed with F-80 dialyzers, interdialytic and intradialytic t1/2 for vancomycin were 162 +/- 69.8 hours and 4.7 +/- 1.3 hours, respectively. Intradialytic clearance was 108.5 +/- 16.3 mL/min, and 238 +/- 55 mg of vancomycin was recovered in the dialysate. In patients dialyzed with F-60 dialyzers, interdialytic and intradialytic t1/2 were 211.0 +/- 166.8 and 4.6 +/- 0.4 hours, respectively. Intradialytic clearance was 100.6 +/- 18.3 mL/min and the amount of vancomycin recovered was 252 +/- 79 mg. Vancomycin concentrations rebounded by 16% to 37% between 3 and 6 hours in patients dialyzed with the F-80 dialyzer and 15% to 38% between 2 and 3 hours in patient dialyzed with F-60 dialyzers. Hemodialysis with high-flux polysulfone dialyzers removes significant amounts of vancomycin in patients dialyzed in an acute care setting. A suggested scheme for vancomycin dosage adjustments in these patients is presented.
Implications for Violence in Adolescent Dating Experiences

In this article, the author focuses on the public health issue of adolescent dating violence. Issues associated with violence in adolescent dating experiences are explored, including the definition of dating violence, forms of violence, and associated health consequences. Assessment tools and techniques useful for nurses in the clinical setting are provided to use when discussing violence with adolescents and parents of adolescents. Finally, strategies for intervening in situations of adolescent dating violence are offered.
Cascade model with Dirichlet process for analyzing multiple dyadic matrices

Dyadic matrices are natural data representations in a wide range of domains. A dyadic matrix often involves two types of abstract objects and is based on observations of pairs of elements with one element from each object. Owing to the increasing needs from practical applications, dyadic data analysis has recently attracted increasing attention and many techniques have been developed. However, most existing approaches, such as co-clustering and relational reasoning, only handle a single dyadic table and lack flexibility to perform prediction using multiple dyadic matrices. In this article, we propose a general nonparametric Bayesian framework with a cascaded structure to model multiple dyadic matrices and then describe an efficient hybrid Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior inference and analysis. Empirical evaluations using both synthetic data and real data show that the proposed model captures the hidden structure of data and generalizes the predictive inference in a unique way.
An Analysis of the Employment Effects of the Washington High Technology Business and Occupation (B&O) Tax Credit: Technical Report

This paper estimates the effects of an R&D tax credit in the state of Washington on job creation. The research uses micro-data on the job creation and tax credits received by individual firms in the state of Washington from 2004 to 2009. We correct for the endogeneity of R&D tax credits received by individual firms by using instrumental variables based in part on national industry factor shares for R&D. We estimate that this tax credit created jobs, but at a high cost. The cost per job-year created is estimated to be between $40,000 and $50,000. The credit was so high cost in part because the credit was non-refundable. As a result, about one-quarter of the firms receiving credits were maxed out on credit eligibility, so that the credit provided no marginal incentive for additional R&D spending or job creation.
A local regularity theorem for mean curvature flow

This paper proves curvature bounds for mean curvature flows and other related flows in regions of spacetime where the Gaussian densities are close to 1.
The economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations

This article applies microeconomic theory to the problem of calculating the economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations. It finds weaknesses in two popular valuation metrics: replacement cost and demand price. It argues for a method that measures the economic value of volunteer time by the impact it has on an organization's revenue, through either fundraising or producing goods and services. An Australian case study illustrates the method, and a survey of U.S. nonprofits tests the generality of the assumptions. The concluding section offers suggestions for management practice and further research.
Complex reconstruction for the treatment of dorsolateral peritalar subluxation of the foot. Early results after distraction arthrodesis of the calcaneocuboid joint in conjunction with stabilization of, and transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon to, the midfoot to treat acquired pes planovalgus in adults.

Background: The successful correction of flatfoot in children through lengthening of the lateral column, osteotomy of the medial cuneiform, and advancement of the posterior tibial tendon led to the introduction of similar procedures to treat acquired pes planovalgus secondary to attrition or rupture of the posterior tibial tendon in adults. However, to our knowledge, no study has been published documenting whether these procedures are effective treatment for acquired flatfoot in adults. Methods: The functional and radiographic results of complex reconstruction of a painful, flexible flatfoot associated with attrition or rupture of the posterior tibial tendon were evaluated in thirty-six patients (forty-one feet) with use of a detailed questionnaire, a comprehensive physical examination, and a review of the radiographs and the medical record. Results: At a mean of thirty-four months (range, twenty-four to fifty months) postoperatively, thirty-six feet (88 percent) were less painful compared with the preoperative status or were pain-free and five of the six parameters that had been used to assess correction of the deformity radiographically had improved significantly (p < 0.0001). Eight feet (20 percent) had a nonunion at the calcaneocuboid joint, and thirteen feet (32 percent) had anesthesia or paresthesia of the sural nerve. Twenty-nine feet (71 percent) had had additional operations, including removal of hardware from twenty feet; bone-grafting to treat a nonunion at the site of the calcaneocuboid arthrodesis and revision of the internal fixation in four feet; a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy because of recurrent valgus angulation of the hindfoot in two feet; and a Lapidus procedure because of a hypermobile tarsometatarsal joint with hallux valgus, a triple arthrodesis because of a nonunion at the site of the calcaneocuboid arthrodesis associated with loss of correction, and a dorsiflexion-abduction wedge osteotomy through the site of the calcaneocuboid arthrodesis (which had healed) for alignment of an overcorrected foot in one foot each. The outcomes of the procedures in thirty-five feet (85 percent) were rated by the patients as satisfactory, and thirty-three (92 percent) of the thirty-six patients (thirty-eight [93 percent] of the forty-one feet) stated that they would have the procedure again if the circumstances were similar. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of postoperative complications, most of our patients were satisfied with the result of the procedure after the short duration of follow-up. We believe that the relief of pain and the restoration of function achieved through effective correction of the severe pes planovalgus deformity account for the satisfactory outcomes in our patients.
Identification and functional analysis of Arabidopsis proteins that interact with resistance gene product RPS2 in yeast

Abstract A yeast-two-hybrid screen was used to investigate the interaction controlled by resistance gene RPS2 of Arabidopsis thaliana and avirulence gene avrRpt2 of Pseudomonas syringae. Twelve Arabidopsis proteins that physically interact with RPS2 in yeast were identified. Four of these were studied further including a calmodulin, a putative ankyrin/tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein, a protein with a nuclear localization domain, and a protein of unknown function. In yeast, all four interacted with RPS2 and not with a related resistance protein, RPM1. Three of the four interacted solely with N-terminal domains of RPS2 and not with the RPS2 LRR domain. Interactions were not impacted by RPS2 nucleotide binding site mutations. When disease resistance was tested in Arabidopsis, plant lines carrying T-DNA insertions that disrupt the genes for the ankyrin/tetratricopeptide repeat protein or the protein of unknown function exhibited reduced resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRpt2. The RPS2 interacting proteins identified in this screen are new targets for studies of plant defense signal transduction.
Pertussis antibodies in postpartum women and their newborns

To (1) determine the proportion of mothers and infants who had levels of IgG antibody to pertussis antigens predicted to be potentially protective at delivery; (2) evaluate the efficiency of maternal–infant antibody transport; (3) extrapolate infant antibody titers at 6 weeks; and (4) identify maternal factors associated with potentially protective infant antibodies. Sera from mother–infant pairs from February 2006 through to April 2007 were tested for antibody to pertussis antigens by standardized ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Potentially protective antibody levels were defined as >5 ELISA units (EU) for pertussis toxin (PT), and >10 EU for fimbriae (FIM) and pertactin (PRN). Serological evidence of previous maternal infection was defined from antibody to four antigens by k-means cluster analysis. In total, 21% (17/81) of mothers and 26% (21/81) of infants had potentially protective antibody levels at delivery. Mean infant–maternal antibody ratios for PT, FIM and PRN were 1.26, 1.36 and 1.31, respectively. At 6 weeks, 11% (9/81) of infants were predicted to have potentially protective antibody levels. Using cluster analysis, 9% (7/81) of mothers had evidence of previous pertussis infection. Infants born to these mothers were predicted to be more likely to have potentially protective antibodies at 6 weeks (43%) than those born to mothers without previous infection (8%) (P=0.03). Approximately 75% of infants were born with pertussis antibody levels lower than the modest levels associated with potential protection. Despite effective antibody transfer, nearly 90% of infants were predicted to have little antibody by 6 weeks. Maternal immunization before or during pregnancy might simulate previous pertussis infection and help protect infants through the first months of life.
Intracrystalline boron isotope partitioning in illite-smectite: Testing the geothermometer

Intracrystalline B-isotope differences of ~40‰, are observed between the interlayer and tetrahedral crystallographic sites of interstratified illite-smectite (I-S). We tested the hypothesis that partitioning of B-isotopes between these sites could provide a low-temperature, single-mineral geothermometer. Samples studied include a metabentonite transected by a dike in the Cretaceous Pierre Shale (200–500 °C), buried mudstones from the Eocene Wilcox Formation (60–125 °C), and I-S products from hydrothermal experiments (300–350 °C). Different reaction kinetics are represented by these different sample sets, therefore results test the equilibrium partitioning of B in the interlayer vs. tetrahedral sites. In all samples, interlayer δ 11 B values are isotopically heavier than the tetrahedral δ 11 B. Because 11 B prefers trigonal coordination, we infer that B(OH) 3 dominates the interlayer sites. Within each sample set, the intracrystalline differences are greatest (20–40‰) in the most expanded I-S (i.e., smectite-rich), and approach 0 as illitization increases. There is good correlation ( R = 0.84) between the interlayer δ 11 B (calculated by mass balance) and water δ 11 B indicated by the established maximum temperature of each sample. These results suggest that the interlayer sites of I-S preserve the B isotopic composition of water at the temperature that produced the authigenic illite. Direct measurements of interlayer δ 11 B equilibrated with water of known δ 11 B are needed to refine the relationship with temperature, but the existing data indicate the following temperature dependent relationship: T (°C) = (δ 11 B tetrahedral − δ 11 B interlayer + 30)/0.05.
EVALUATION OF ALLOZYME AND MICROSATELLITE VARIATION IN TEXAS AND FLORIDA MOTTLED DUCKS

Abstract Genetic variation was evaluated in Florida Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula), and Mottled Ducks from the larger Texas population using 22 allozyme and 5 microsatellite loci. Both marker types revealed differences in allele frequencies between populations and each population possessed rare and unique alleles. Overall allelic distributions were significantly different between the two populations, primarily due to significant differences at three allozyme and four microsatellite loci. Significant genetic differentiation was revealed between populations with both marker types, however, over all loci, only 5–6% of the variation detected was partitioned between populations. The Florida population possessed lower levels of allozyme heterozygosity and allelic diversity than the Texas population. In contrast, microsatellite heterozygosities and allelic diversity were similar between populations. These data indicate that there is limited gene flow between populations, suggesting that populations should contin...
On Humanizing Abstractions The Path beyond Fanon

Revisiting Fanon’s classic theory of violence and relying on some of his case studies, this article detects the propensity to see the world in abstract formats as the source of the most malignant forms of revolutionary violence. Based on this, the article explores how abstraction may still be a healthy way of thinking, especially in a globalized and postcolonial world. Two mechanisms for handling abstraction in humane ways are proposed, both of which exclude loyalties to principles or communities so long as those could only be imagined in abstract forms. The two mechanisms of humanizing abstractions proposed here include the capacity to see local stories as manifestations or episodes of universal tales, and the ability to see one’s concrete cause in relationship to a multiplicity of world causes being acted upon in the same forum.
Gene-expression analysis and the basal-like breast cancer subtype

Analysis of the patterns of gene expression in breast cancer suggests that it is not a single entity, but is comprised of several biologically distinct subtypes with characteristic molecular profiles. These molecular profiles confirm the clinical impression that estrogen receptor (ER)-negative differs from ER-positive, and expands our understanding by identifying breast cancer subtypes, including the basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2/ER subtypes within the ER-negative subset, and the luminal A and B subtypes within ER-positive disease. The basal-like subtype is characterized by the low expression levels of the ER-related and the HER2-related group of genes, and therefore is often 'triple negative' on clinical assays for these proteins. This review discusses the molecular profiles of breast cancer with a focus on the clinical characteristics of, and treatment options for, the basal-like subtype.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC CLARIFICATION OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN (KINDERHOOKIAN) AMMONOID GENUS EOPRODROMITES

Representatives of the Prodromitidae are characterized by relatively large (up to 150 mm diameter) lenticular conchs with acute ventral keels and complex multilobate sutural configurations. The systematic position of the Prodromitidae has been the subject of considerable speculation (see Work et al., 1988 for review). The nominate genus, Prodromites Smith and Weller, 1901 (type species, Goniatites gorbyi Miller, 1891), is not typical and represents the culmination of the lineage, showing characters which have led authors to refer it to both the Gephuroceratina (Ruzhencev, 1960, 1962, 1965; Bogoslovsky, 1969; Ruzhencev and Bogoslovskaya, 1978) and the Prolecanitina (Miller and Collinson, 1951; Weyer, 1972; Furnish and Manger, 1973; Kullmann, 1981; Bartzsch and Weyer, 1988; Kullmann et al., 1991). Discovery of an ancestral prodromitid genus, Eoprodromites Work, Mapes, and Thompson, 1988 (type species, E. kinderhooki ), in the Hannibal Shale of northeastern Missouri provided clarification on the derivation of Prodromites and provided a link to yet a third enigmatic genus, Qiannanites Ruan, 1981 (type species, Q. acutus ). Work et al. (1988) concluded that the Prodromitidae were prolecanitid offshoots that appeared in the early Tournaisian with Qiannanites, progressed through Eoprodromites, and climaxed with Prodromites early in the late Tournaisian. Although aspects of sutural ontogenesis, conch morphology, and stratigraphic distribution unite these genera, subsequently obtained specimens of Eoprodromites kinderhooki provide additional sutural and morphological details (Figs. 1, 2) that support derivation from the prionoceratacean subfamily Pseudarietitinae Bartzsch and Weyer, 1987, as more recently suggested by Becker (1993a, p. 471).
Activation of the VMO and VL during dynamic mini-squat exercises with and without isometric hip adduction

Abstract Objective: the purpose of this study was to compare vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) activity while performing a mini-squat with and without isometric hip adduction. Design and setting: a repeated measures within subjects design was used. Subjects performed two sets of three repetitions of a traditional mini-squat and a mini-squat with concurrent hip adduction (squeeze). Subjects: 20 recreationally active subjects (10 men, 10 women age=28.10±5.91 years, height=170.94±11.03cm, mass=72.32±16.66kg) with no history of patellofemoral pain (PFP), quadriceps injury, or other knee injury participated in the study. Measurements: the EMG signal of the VMO and VL was recorded bilaterally during both exercises. EMG data were normalized to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps produced during seated, isometric knee extension. Results: results of repeated measures ANOVA's revealed that the squeeze squat produced significantly greater VMO and VL activity than the traditional squat ( p =0.02). For both the traditional and squeeze squats, intrasession reliability from the first to the second set was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula (3:1) bilaterally for both the VMO and the VL. All ICC values were greater than 0.9. Conclusion: combining isometric hip adduction with a mini-squat exercise significantly increases the activity of the quadriceps. Performing mini-squats with isometric hip adduction will be beneficial to patellofemoral patients as they increase quadriceps activity, however, based on our data we cannot conclude that this exercise preferentially recruits the VMO. Further research is needed to determine the exact mechanism by which quadriceps function is altered.
Icatibant for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema

OBJECTIVETo review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and safety of icatibant, a recently approved bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist for treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE).DATA SOURCESArticles indexed in MEDLINE (1948-June 2012), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts(1970-May 2012), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1981-June 2012) were identified using the search terms icatibant, bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, and hereditary angioedema. Additional references were identified from the reference lists of the articles identified.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONEnglish-language articles were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESISIcatibant was evaluated in 3 Phase 3 clinical trials and found to be a safe and effective option for treatment of acute HAE. Icatibant was compared to placebo in 2 clinical trials (FAST-1 and FAST-3) and to tranexamic acid in the FAST-2 trial. Patients receiving icatibant in FAST-1 did not experience a significant improveme...
Site‐specific mutagenesis of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli

Two site-specific mutations of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli based on the x-ray crystallographic structure were constructed. The first mutation (His-45----Gln) is aimed at assessing the interaction between the imidazole moiety and the pyrophosphate backbone of NADPH. The second (Thr-113----Val) is part of a hydrogen bonding network that contacts the dihydrofolate substrate and may be involved in proton delivery to the N5-C6 imine undergoing reduction. The first mutation was shown to alter both the association and dissociation rate constants for the cofactor so that the dissociation constant was increased 6-40-fold. A corresponding but smaller (fourfold) effect was noted in V/K but not in V compared to the wild-type enzyme. The second was demonstrated to increase the dissociation rate constant for methotrexate 20-30-fold, and presumably dihydrofolate also, with a corresponding 20-30-fold increase in the dissociation constant. In this case an identical effect was noted on V/K but not in V relative to the native enzyme. Thus, in both mutant enzymes the decrease in binding has not been translated into a loss of catalytic efficiency.
Ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of the neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one in female Macaca fascicularis monkeys

The present study was designed to characterize the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol and the neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) in non-human primates. Female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were trained in a two-le-ver procedure to discriminate 1.0 g/kg ethanol (IG, 30 min pretreatment) from water using food reinforcement. Consistent with previous results in a variety of species, pentobarbital (0.56–17 mg/kg, IG) resulted in a dose-dependent substitution for the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol, with an average ED50 value of 1.9 mg/kg. Administration of allopregnanolone (0.3–5.6 mg/kg, IV) also produced complete substitution for the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol, with an ED50 value of 1.0 mg/kg. Plasma allopregnanolone levels 35 min following the administration of 3.0 mg/kg allopregnanolone ranged from 33 to 69 ng/ml. The ethanollike discriminative stimulus effects of 1.0 mg/kg allopregnanolone (IV) were present for 60 min, with a return to complete water-appropriate responding at 90 min post-treatment. The results indicate that the endogenous neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone produces subjective effects in cynomolgus monkeys that are similar to ethanol. These findings suggest that changes in the endogenous levels of allopregnanolone could alter sensitivity to the subjective effects of ethanol.
A coefficient alpha for test-retest data

Transient errors are caused by variations in feelings, moods, and mental states over time. If these errors are present, coefficient alpha is an inflated estimate of reliability. A true-score model is presented that incorporates transient errors for test-retest data, and a reliability estimate is derived. This estimate, referred to as the test-retest alpha, is less than coefficient alpha if transient error is present and is less susceptible to effects due to item recall than a test-retest correlation. An assumption underlying the test-retest alpha is essential tau equivalency of items. A test-retest split-half coefficient is presented as an alternative to the test-retest alpha when this assumption is violated. The test-retest alpha is the mean of all possible test-retest split-half coefficients.
Factors Related to Sexual Abuse and Forced Sex in a Sample of Women Experiencing Police-involved Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a significant social problem, particularly among women who are concurrently experiencing physical violence in their intimate relationships. This research examined the prevalence and factors associated with IPSV among a sample of women recruited at the scene of police-involved intimate partner violence incidents (N = 432). Within this sample, 43.98 percent of participants reported experiencing IPSV; this includes 17.36 percent who reported sexual abuse and 26.62 percent who reported forced sex. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to sexual abuse and forced sex, controlling for victim and relationship characteristics. Compared with women not reporting IPSV, women who were sexually abused or forced into sexual intercourse were significantly more likely to experience strangulation, feelings of shame, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Women whose partners had forced sex were more likely to report that they had a child in common with their abusive partner; and that their partner was sexually jealous, had threatened to kill them, had stalked or harassed them, or caused them to have a miscarriage due to abuse. These findings can be used to better inform social work practitioners about the prevalence and nature of IPSV and the associated risk factors, and can assist in routine screening and intervention.
Management Strategies to Effect Change in Intensive Care Units: Lessons from the World of Business. Part I. Targeting Quality Improvement Initiatives

The business community has developed strategies to ensure the quality of the goods or services they produce and to improve the management of multidisciplinary work teams. With modification, many of these techniques can be imported into intensive care units (ICUs) to improve clinical operations and patient safety. In Part I of a three-part ATS Seminar series, we argue for adopting business management strategies in ICUs and set forth strategies for targeting selected quality improvement initiatives. These tools are relevant to health care today as focus is placed on limiting low-value care and measuring, reporting, and improving quality. In the ICU, the complexity of illness and the need to standardize processes make these tools even more appealing. Herein, we highlight four techniques to help prioritize initiatives. First, the "80/20 rule" mandates focus on the few (20%) interventions likely to drive the majority (80%) of improvement. Second, benchmarking--a process of comparison with peer units or institutions--is essential to identifying areas of strength and weakness. Third, root cause analyses, in which structured retrospective reviews of negative events are performed, can be used to identify and fix systems errors. Finally, failure mode and effects analysis--a process aimed at prospectively identifying potential sources of error--allows for systems fixes to be instituted in advance to prevent negative outcomes. These techniques originated in fields other than health care, yet adoption has and can help ICU managers prioritize issues for quality improvement.
Accurate Analytical Determination of Electromagnetic Bearing Coefficients

Electromagnetic contactless bearings have unique advantages over conventional bearings including no wear, reduced pollution and maintenance, and active control prospects. Their existing mathematical models are however very simplistic, and not very accurate leading to inferior (and, sometimes, catastrophic) performance under demanding conditions. This paper seeks to derive a better model from a basic consideration of the fundamental physics of the problem. It also intends to provide a family of curves suitable for use by an engineering designer. First, the fundamental electromagnetic equations are presented for a typical radial magnetic bearing configuration. The bearing is divided into four subdomains and the resulting partial differential equations and the boundary conditions are formulated over the different subdomains. The rotor is placed into a circular orbit, which leads to a moving boundary problem. The equations are then solved in closed form using an approximate asymptotic technique. The resulting magnetic fields and forces are computed, and the results are presented in a form suitable for use by a bearing designer. The results are also in a form that is decoupled from the active control strategy which greatly enhances their applicability.
Impact of a screen barrier on dispersion behavior of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

The recent incursion of the sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, into southern California has caused new epidemics of plant diseases. The potential of H. coagulata to spread throughout the state and disseminate disease has encouraged the development of techniques to limit further spread of the vector and to manage disease epidemics where the insect already exists. We evaluated a unique tactic to curtail the immigration of H. coagulata into high-value crops, including nursery stock, where they can be spread via commercial transportation throughout the state and into disease-susceptible vineyards. This tactic consists of a 5-m-high screen barrier surrounding the crop that is impenetrable to H. coagulata. We examined H. coagulata orientation and flight direction when placed near or on the screen barrier, and determined the proportion of insects that flew over it. When released midway between a barrier and adjacent vegetation 71.5% of H. coagulata flew away from the barrier and in the direction of the vegetation; whereas 29.5% flew in the direction of the barrier. Of the total number of H. coagulata released, 7.5% flew over the barrier. When placed on the barrier, H. coagulata generally climbed up an average of 1.16 m before flying away from the structure. Of the total number of H. coagulata placed on the barrier, 6% flew over it. These results suggest that a screen barrier can be a part of a management strategy to reduce number of H. coagulata in high-value crops.
Protein and Peptide Sequence Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Combination with Either Capillary Electrophoresis or Micro-Capillary HPLC

Sequence analysis of peptides in mixtures by the combination of capillary electrophoresis, electrospray mass spectrometry is described. On-column digestion of proteins at the 1–10 pmol level followed by on-line separation and sequence analysis of the resulting peptides by micro-capillary HPLC/electrospray mass spectrometry is also presented.
Homo Economicus and Homo Sapiens

The assumption that individuals are behaving rationally can, at times, usefully constrain predictions of individual and collective behavior. However, success in predicting human and group behavior will often require relaxing this assumption of rationality, instead employing evolutionary, neural, and cognitive constraints. One particularly important form of neural and cognitive constraint is that interacting individuals each possess a network of concepts, and communities are accordingly social networks of neural networks. The structured nature of human conceptual systems suggests that communicating is better modeled as a process of aligning conceptual systems rather than simply transmitting atomic beliefs. Communicating individuals can establish norms, conceptual structures, and rule systems that did not preexist prior to the communication process. For this reason, the dichotomy between rule-based and centralized groups versus self-organized and decentralized groups is false â one of the major activities that self-organized and decentralized groups engage in is the establishment of rules, laws, norms, leaders, and institutional hierarchies that will then govern their subsequent interactions.
Future park: imagining tomorrow’s urban parks and The accidental playground: Brooklyn waterfront narratives of the undesigned and unplanned

These two books make a timely contribution to urban park design and planning, in the context of the rapid transitions urban socio-demographic structures and urban forms are undergoing. They explore...
Influence of the effective lens position, as predicted by axial length and keratometry, on the near add power of multifocal intraocular lenses

Purpose To calculate the near focal distance of different multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) as a function of the 2 parameters that are measured before cataract surgery; that is, axial length (AL) and refractive corneal power (keratometry [K]). Setting GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Design Noninterventional theoretical study. Methods The IOL power for emmetropia was first calculated in an eye model with the AL ranging from 20 to 30 mm and K from 38 to 48 diopters (D). Then, the predicted myopic refraction for any given IOL add power (from +1.5 to +4.0 D) was calculated, and from this value the near focal distance was obtained. Calculations were also performed for the average eye (K = 43.81 D; AL = 23.65 mm). Results The near focal distance increased with increasing values of K and AL for each near power add. The near focal distance ranged between 53 cm and 72 cm (21 inches and 28 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +2.50 D, between 44 cm and 60 cm (17 inches and 24 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +3.00 D add, and between 33 cm and 44 cm (13 inches and 18 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +4.00 D add. In the average eye, the near focal distance ranges between 36 cm (near add power = 4.00 D) and 99 cm (near add power = 1.5 D). Conclusions Longer eyes with steeper corneas showed the longest near focal distance and could experience more difficulties in focusing near objects after surgery. The opposite was true for short hyperopic eyes. Financial Disclosure Dr. Hoffer receives licensing fees for the commercial use of the registered trademark Hoffer from all biometry manufacturers using the Hoffer Q formula to ensure that it is programmed correctly and book royalties from Slack, Inc., for the textbook IOL Power . None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Quantification of changes in bone scans of patients with osseous metastases of prostatic carcinoma.

No imaging modality is more effective in screening the entire skeleton for metastatic deposits than the radiopharmaceutical bone scan. Thus, while conventional skeletal imaging’s primary indication is for the detection of focal bone disease, such information may not readily document tumor response to therapy [1]. In addition, although bone scans are highly sensitive to localized skeletal abnormalities, they are nonspecific as to the cause of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake [2]. In an attempt to increase our understanding of how prostate cancer patients handle Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) we have investigated the usefulness of a method which determines the 24 hour total body retention of this tracer in these individuals. Previous publications report this value to be an indicator of global metastatic skeletal burden which significantly differentiates the various clinical stages of prostatic cancer [3–5]. The present study determines the 24-hour retention value of Tc-99m MDP in a group of prostate cancer patients on a longitudinal basis during therapy. The chronic retention changes in the same patient as a function of time are compared with more established objective and subjective criteria. The significance of this method would be a function of its magnitude of change when a particular patient enters relapse or remission during their course of therapy.
Christianity and the Religion of Love in Romeo and Juliet

HE long established traditional interpretation of Romeo and Juliet is that it is a drama of fate or of sheer misfortune in which the lovers are not at all responsible for the catastrophe they suffer.' Recently, however, a number of scholars have argued that the Elizabethans, with their Christian background of thought, would have regarded the lovers as guilty sinners rather than as innocent victims.2 What has not been appreciated by either of these two groups of critics is that Romeo and Juliet, one of many Elizabethan adaptations of stories of disastrous love derived from Italian novelle, was affected by the manner in which these other adaptations used the ideas of the religion of love that persisted from the Middle Ages. What had been an aristocratic cult became in the hands of the Elizabethan adapters of the Italian novelle a means of middle-class entertainment. To the straightforwardly realistic accounts of Boccaccio and Bandello, they added a further dash of spice and then a generous portion of moralization to give the mixture a properly medicinal flavor for an audience that thought of literature
Viability and Developmental Rate of Overwintering Eggs of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The developmental rate of eggs of Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) in the laboratory was 0.0343 – (0.0071 × temp in °C). Egg hatch threshold was 4.8°C. Successful overwintering of eggs was affected by low temperatures at initial exposure. Eggs survived well when initially exposed to relatively high field temperatures between early November and mid-December, and from late February to March. However, eggs initially subjected to low temperatures between 15 December and 9 February suffered high mortality, although those surviving were not greatly affected by subsequent extended exposure to low temperatures. Most of the eggs initially exposed to field temperatures during this cold period hatched at about the same time. Eggs first exposed in November began hatching outside by mid-March.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Strain of Lymantria dispar Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Found in the Gypsy Moth Biopesticide Virin-ENSh

ABSTRACT We report the genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) biopesticide Virin-ENSh. The genome sequence is 161,712 bp, and its structure and sequence similarity indicate that the virus used in Virin-ENSh is a strain of the species Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.
A method of fast short-circuit current calculation for topology adjustment

The traditional method of the short-circuit current calculation, which is used for the operation mode arrangement, costs too much time. It cannot meet the demand of fast analysis and decision-making. Therefore, a fast algorithm of short-circuit current calculation that is applicable to the grid topology adjustment is put forward. Based on the node impedance matrix and compensation method, it can analyze the changes of impedance matrix caused by the generator outage, line outage and line out series, and based on which the calculation procedure is given. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by tests on several real power systems. The simulation results show that the proposed method is fast and accurate, and it can meet the demand of the operation mode arrangement of large-scale power systems. Furthermore, this method is able to provide the technical support for the measure analysis of the short-circuit current limitation.
Facilitation of memory in the retardate.

Research in learning and retention was examined in an effort to extract possible implications and practices which teachers might employ with retarded children to improve their attention and/or abil...
From Birth to the End of Military Service

Horatio Herbert Kitchener came from a respectable English family of moderate means. His father, Henry Horatio Kitchener, chose the army as his career and saw service in the Indian Army, eventually reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. At the age of 39, Henry, then a captain, married 19-year-old Frances Anne, nicknamed, “Fanny,” daughter of a Suffolk vicar, in July 1845. As he was on leave, Henry, accompanied by his bride, returned at once to India. The climate of India did not suit Fanny, whose health deteriorated, leading Henry to bring her and their first born back home in 1847 and going on half-pay. Unable to find military employment in England after months of fruitless inquiry, the Colonel sold his commission and decided to start a new life in Ireland. At the time Ireland was still reeling from the failure of the potato crop—the staple food of most of the people—which had brought death, starvation, misery and ruin to hundreds of thousands. As a result the estates of bankrupt landlords were going cheaply. At a cost of £3000 the Colonel secured a 2000 acre estate called Ballygoghlan, near Listowel, County Kerry, in the south of Ireland. It was here that his third child and second son, Horatio Herbert, was born on 24 June, 1850.1 His first name was borrowed from his father, though the family always called him Herbert.
Three-body model for the two-neutron emission of Be 16

Background: While diproton emission was first theorized in 1960 and first measured in 2002, it was first observed only in 2012. The measurement of $^{14}\mathrm{Be}$ in coincidence with two neutrons suggests that $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$ does decay through the simultaneous emission of two strongly correlated neutrons.Purpose: In this work, we construct a full three-body model of $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$ (as $^{14}\mathrm{Be}+n+n$) in order to investigate its configuration in the continuum and, in particular, the structure of its ground state.Method: In order to describe the three-body system, effective $n\ensuremath{-}^{14}\mathrm{Be}$ potentials were constructed, constrained by the experimental information on $^{15}\mathrm{Be}$. The hyperspherical $R$-matrix method was used to solve the three-body scattering problem, and the resonance energy of $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$ was extracted from a phase-shift analysis.Results: In order to reproduce the experimental resonance energy of $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$ within this three-body model, a three-body interaction was needed. For extracting the width of the ground state of $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$, we use the full width at half maximum of the derivative of the three-body eigenphase shifts and the width of the three-body elastic scattering cross section.Conclusions: Our results confirm a dineutron structure for $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$, dependent on the internal structure of the subsystem $^{15}\mathrm{Be}$.
Implementation of learning-based dynamic demand response on a campus micro-grid

Demand Response (DR) allows utilities to curtail electricity consumption during peak demand periods. Real time automated DR can offer utilities a scalable solution for fine grained control of curtailment over small intervals for the duration of the entire DR event. In this work, we demonstrate a system for a real time automated Dynamic DR (D2R). Our system has already been integrated with the electrical infrastructure of the University of Southern California, which offers a unique environment to study the impact of automated DR in a complex social and cultural environment including 170 buildings in a "city-within-a-city" scenario. Our large scale information processing system coupled with accurate forecasting models for sparse data and fast polynomial time optimization algorithms for curtailment maximization provide the ability to adapt and respond to changing curtailment requirements in near real-time. Our D2R algorithms automatically and dynamically select customers for load curtailment to guarantee the achievement of a curtailment target over a given DR interval.
The Recursive Outcomes of the Multiracial Movement and the End of American Racial Categories

After a protracted national discussion about racial mixture in the early 1990s, the Office of Management and Budget made the unprecedented decision in 1997 to allow Americans to “mark one or more” racial categories on the 2000 census. A small “multiracial movement” provoked this fundamental change in the way the government collects racial data. This case study shows that even very small and modest social movements can have profound effects on public policy through their unintended consequences. In winning a redefinition of how the U.S. government defines and counts by race, the multiracial movement of the 1990s set in motion a process that has both amplified and been amplified by broader structural and cultural changes in how Americans perceive race. The modest impact of a small social movement can ultimately produce very big consequences.
Positive expectancies mediate the link between race and alcohol use in a sample of Native American and Caucasian college students.

Abstract Background: Though abundant research suggests that Native Americans report high rates of alcohol use and related consequences, little research has examined drinking patterns among Native American college students. It is possible that drinking rates for this group may differ from their non-college counterparts and also from those of Caucasian college students. The aim of this study was to examine whether alcohol use differs between Native American and Caucasian college students, and specifically whether alcohol expectancy effects mediate the relationship between race and drinking. Method: Participants were 43 Native American and 87 Caucasian college students who reported on their positive and negative expectancy effects and past-6-month drinking. Results: Caucasians reported drinking significantly more alcohol and holding stronger positive expectancies. Bootstrapping mediational analysis with 95% confidence intervals indicated that positive but not negative expectancy effects mediated the relationship between race and past-6-month drinking. Conclusions: This preliminary research is the first to examine expectancy effects as mediators of the relationship between Native American and Caucasian race and drinking. Further understanding of the differences in positive expectancy effects between groups may have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol use among Native American college students.