cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gas-phase dimerization of dimethylaniline in an external electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometer

N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is a common starting material in graft copolymerization and photopolymerization processes when combined with an organic acid. Several anodic oxidation studies of DMA, in an acidic medium, have been performed. Numerous electrochemical studies imply that DMA has a tendency to dimerize, forming the tail-to-tail coupling product N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzydine (TMB). Here, external electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry was used to investigate the dimerization and charging characteristics of DMA in an acidic medium in the absence of an applied electrochemical technique. DMA forms both tail-to-tail and head-to-tail dimer products, and the different linkage types were determined by employing tandem mass spectrometry for structure elucidation. In addition, it was found that desolvated protonated DMA ions accumulated and stored in the hexapole ion guide for 1-10 s before transport to the trapped ion cell can undergo gas-phase ion-molecule reactions to form dimeric products, including doubly charged species. Hence the hexapole storage region can be used to conduct ion-molecule reactions away from the low-pressure ion trap.
Biofeedback training of blood pressure: a comparison of three feedback techniques.

Three biofeedback procedures were compared for their effectiveness in training subjects to modify systolic blood pressure (BP). Three groups of 6 normotensives received three training sessions using one of three types of systolic BP feedback: 1) proportional feedback at 75-sec intervals, 2) relatively continuous proportional feedback, or 3) a form of continuous binary feedback. Three subjects also completed a fourth, no-feedback, session. Each session consisted of 5 training cycles, during which the subject was first instructed to “lower” BP and then “don't lower” BP. This design permitted demonstration of subjects' ability to control BP, rather than just lowering it. Systolic and diastolic BPs were recorded, as were heart rate, respiration rate and respiration volume. The continuous binary feedback technique was most successful in producing systolic BP control, apparently due to the short feedback latency and maximal information available to subjects. Diastolic BP often increased within sessions even when systolic BP decreased. No consistent covariation between BP and other physiological responses was observed, although at times these responses varied systematically with instruction. Continued systolic BP control at diminished levels was demonstrated by subjects who completed a fourth, no-feedback, session.
On the Energy Stored in Fractional-Order Electrical Elements

In this paper, fractional-order electrical elements are considered as energy storage devices. They are studied by comparing the energy available from the element to do future external work, relative to the energy input into the element in the past. A standard circuit realization is used to represent the fractional-order element connected to an inductor with a given initial current. This circuit realization is used to determine the energy returned by both capacitive and inductive fractional-order elements of order between zero and one. Plots of the energy stored versus time are provided. The major conclusion is that fractional-order elements tend to rapidly dissipate much of their input energy leaving less energy for doing work in the future.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Goal-orientated computational steering

Computational steering is a newly evolving paradigm for working with simulation models. It entails integration of model execution, observation and input data manipulation carried out concurrently in pursuit of rapid insight and goal achievement. Keys to effective computational steering include advanced visualization, high performance processing and intuitive user control. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been integrating facilities in its Virtual Reality Lab and High Performance Computing Center for application of computational steering to study effects of electromagnetic wave interactions using the HASP (High Accuracy Scattering and Propagation) modeling technique developed at NRL. We are also investigating automated inverse steering which involves incorporation of global optimization techniques to assist the user with tuning of parameter values to produce desired behaviors in complex models.
The power of clinical trials and guidelines,and the challenge of conflicts of interest

In the next 20 minutes I will talk about the power of clinical trials and guidelines to influence cardiology practice. I will also amplify concerns others have raised about the threat that financial conflicts of interest pose to the industry–academic relationships that are so essential for medical
Characteristics of “controversial” children: An exploration of teacher and parent social behavior rating scale datasets

The term “controversial” has been used in the professional literature to describe children and adolescents who have the seemingly paradoxical quality of being both socially skilled and antisocial. Although there have been some widely influential studies regarding controversial children and youth, there has been relatively little research in this area, and the general construct is not well understood. This study addressed the lack of knowledge of characteristics of controversial children and youth through careful descriptive analysis of large, national norming samples from two social and antisocial behavior rating scales. Two experimental subscales were created to represent the characteristics associated with being controversial. Possible cutoff scores for each subscale were investigated to best reflect the criterion developed to represent the controversial construct, and the specific characteristics of the obtained samples were carefully analyzed. Results of this preliminary exploration indicated that (a) the percentage of children and adolescents who fit the characteristics of the controversial criterion are quite small, (b) two thirds of those identified as controversial were boys between the ages of 10 and 14, and (c) a greater number of girls were identified when data from home and community settings rather than school settings were analyzed. Implications of the results for future research and educational/clinical practice are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 497–507, 2004.
Inward Gaze and Activism as Moral Next Steps in Inquiry

When researchers get to know situations through studies, they are likely to form opinions about the legitimacy of certain practices. Yet, in local studies, if they divulge their findings and express opinions openly, the comfortable distance between professional career and private life disappears. In this article I explore the nature of praxis and its impact on scholars' status in community and university. In spite of recognizing the stress of engaging in praxis, I still recommend that researchers endorse standards consistent with Enlightenment, modernist goals and engage in democratically transformative activism in conjunction with their scholarly careers.
Utility of the omentum in pelvic floor reconstruction following resection of anorectal malignancy: patient selection, technical caveats, and clinical outcomes.

This study assesses the usefulness of the omentum in the reconstruction of complex perineal defects, following abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration, for anorectal malignancy. Between 2000 and 2008, 70 patients (mean age: 59 years) with anorectal malignancy underwent abdominoperineal resection (n = 57) or pelvic exenteration (n = 13) and were reconstructed by primary repair alone (n = 13), primary repair with omentum (n = 16), myocutaneous flap alone (n = 28), or myocutaneous flap with omentum (n = 13). Patients with and without omental flaps were compared by Student t test and χ 2 analysis. Omental flaps were based on a single pedicle, tunneled in the retrocolic plane lateral to the ligament of Treitz, and transposed across the sacrum to the pelvic floor. In total, 29 patients had pelvic floor and perineal reconstruction with the omentum, and 41 patients had reconstruction without the omentum. Incidence of major pelvic complications (abscess, urinoma, deep vein thrombosis, flap dehiscence, hernia, bowel obstruction, fistula) was greater in the "no omentum" group (25/41 patients, 61%), compared with the "omentum" group (6/29 patients, 21%) (P < 0.01). No differences were observed regarding age, stage, incidence of radiotherapy, blood loss, length of stay, or mortality. Use of the omentum as a primary flap, or in combination with a myocutaneous flap, in the reconstruction of complex perineal defects, is associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative complications, strongly supporting the use of the omentum in pelvic floor reconstruction.
The Law and Reverse Engineering

Almost all software contracts that are not open-source contain broad bans on reverse engineering, but as far as we can tell, almost all professional software development does reverse engineering to some degree. This is a fundamental, unresolved conflict. Every student and practitioner of software of engineering will face reverse engineering issues and they will have to make their own decisions about what is fair and reasonable in their situation, what risks they are willing to accept, and what corporate policies they should follow, support, or challenge. The industry is polarized and it will probably be a decade or more before the next generation of leadership revisits this conflict in a constructive way. For now, the statutes and the courts offer insufficient guidance. We plan to highlight the the issues of the law and reverse engineering through examples. Each exemplar case will be drawn either from an actual lawsuit or from a technical advance in reverse engineering. Rather than telling particiants what to do, we will lay out the factors that we think they should consider.
The roots of African-American identity: memory and history in free antebellum communities

Prologue: The Revolution Remembered: The Fifth of March, 1858 - PART 1: FASHIONING A MORAL COMMUNITY, 1775-1800 - In the Bowels of a Free and Christian Country, Living in the Revolutionary Era - Sons and Daughters of Distress: A Theology of Liberation - PART 2: ENVIRONMENTS OF MEMORY, 1800-1835 - From Laws and Revolutions, Freedom Lieux - Africa Envisioned, Africa Found - Moral Community, Ethnic Identity, and Political Action - PART 3: HISTORY AND THE POLITICS OF MEMORY, 1835-1860 - Haiti, Canada, and a Pan-African Vision - Biography, Narrative, and Memory: The Construction of a Popular Historical Consciousness - Epilogue: Emancipation, Reconstruction, and Empire-Building
Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Relation to Antecedent Pulmonary Infection

SUMMARY 1. A study of 253 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma revealed that 102 cases (40 per cent) had a history of antecedent pulmonary infection. 2. The infections most commonly associated with bronchogenic carcinoma were pneumonia (50.9 per cent), tuberculosis (21.7 per cent) and influenza (11.7 per cent). 3. There were seven cases of alveolar carcinoma in the series of which five (70 per cent) had a history of pneumonia. 4. With the exception of the alveolar carcinoma cases, there were no striking differences between the 102 cases with infection and the 151 cases without infection with respect to anatomic distribution of tumors or histologic differentiation. 5. The histologic evidence for implicating chronic inflammatory disease with bronchogenic carcinoma was reviewed.
Orphan drugs and rare diseases: a scientometric review (2000 – 2014)

Introduction: The literature of orphan drugs and rare diseases between 2000 and 2014 is reviewed. The overall structure of its intellectual landscape is characterized in terms of thematic concentra...
NF-kappaB Activation Elicited by Ionizing Radiation Is Proapoptotic in Testis

Abstract The transcription factor NF-kappaB modulates apoptotic machinery following activation by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. Inhibiting activity of one of the catalytic subunits of the IKK complex, IKKbeta (also known as IKBKB and IKK2) severely inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in response to most stimuli, including ionizing radiation. Doubly floxed IkkbetaF/F mice (control) were compared to haplo-insufficient IkkbetaF/delta mice (NF-kappaB knockdown) to examine the in vivo apoptotic role of NF-kappaB in the testis. Although IkkbetaF/F control adult mice had spermatid head counts and testis and body weights similar to IkkbetaF/delta mice, cellular stress in the form of ionizing radiation elicited a differential phenotype. Lower body exposure to 5 Gy of ionizing radiation induced a greater NF-kappaB activation in IkkbetaF/F than in IkkbetaF/delta mice. In addition, exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in fewer apoptotic germ cells 3, 6, and 12 h after injury in NF-kappaB knockdown mice th...
Obtaining Creep Compliance Parameters Accurately from Static or Cyclic Creep Tests

Obtaining creep compliance parameters that accurately represent the creep response of asphalt mixtures is critical for proper evaluation of the thermal cracking performance, as well as load induced cracking performance of asphalt pavements. A power law, which uses 3 parameters to describe the creep compliance curve, is commonly used for asphalt mixtures. However, the specific values of the parameters obtained can depend on both the testing and data interpretation methods used. Different testing methods (for example, static vs. cyclic creep) offer different advantages and disadvantages related to complexity in testing, as well as in the sensitivity of the data obtained from each test to the compliance parameters of interest. In general, cyclic creep tests provide greater sensitivity and accuracy at shorter loading times, while static creep tests are more accurate and reliable for the determination of the long-term creep response.
What Parents of Young Children with Mental Disabilities Want: The Views of One Community.

Based on a review of the literature by Westling (1996), a questionnaire for parents of children with mental disabilities was developed in which parents were asked to rate various aspects of special...
Metabolism of Niacin and Niacinamide in Perfused Rat Intestine

The metabolism of [14C]nicotinic acid and [14C]nicotinamide by perfused rat intestine was studied by analyzing the 14C-products formed at various time intervals after these substrates were administered intravascularly or intralumenally. Intermediates in the Preiss-Handler pathway contained isotope when [14C]nicotinic acid was administered by either route. Large amounts of isotope in niacinamide and some in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) were also found indicating substantial NAD-glycohydrolase activity in this intestinal preparation. The products from [14C]nicotinamide also included the metabolites of nicotinic acid, due to deamidation of the substrate in the lumen when the exposure was prolonged. In short term studies the amide was absorbed rapidly by simple diffusion with little hydrolysis to nicotinic acid. The primary labeled form found in the perfusate when [14C]nicotinic acid was administered via the lumen for both recirculating and one pass perfusions was unchanged nicotinic acid. The primary forms found in the perfusate when the amide was given were both the amide and the acid for both one pass and for recirculating experiments. The rapid transport of nicotinamide from the lumen to the perfusate and the lack of 14C-metabolites of nicotinic acid in the intestinal tissue following intralumenal injection of [14C]nicotinamide in the living animal suggest that deamidation in the digestive tract is not a major fate of physiological quantities of niacinamide.
Ionic Activities of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride in Human Serum

Ionic activities of sodium, potassium, and chloride in serums of 26 hospitalized patients were determined with ion-specific electrodes. Comparison of the activities with the corresponding concentrations shows that the two most important parameters influencing the molar activity coefficients of these ions are the water content of serum and the binding between albumin and chloride. Quantitative expressions for activity-concentration conversion factors are given. Calculations show that the conversion factors vary significantly in disease states due to changes in protein.
Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Male Infertility: An Animal Model/Ureaplasma urealyticum und männliche Infertilität — ein Tiermodell

Summary: Male Wistar rats were infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, serotype 3 or 7, by injecting broth containing organisms into the urinary bladder following laparatomy. Animals were sacrified 3, 7 and 21 days after infection. Ureaplasmas were detected in the organs of the genital tract by culture in 43% (serotype 3) and in 60% (serotype 7) of the animals. Type-specific Ureaplasma antigen was detected in the genital organs in 44% (serotype 3) and 45% (serotype 7) of the animals. Control animals injected with sterile bouillon were negative for organisms and antigen. Male Wistar rats artificially infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, serotype 3, were mated 3 and 6 months after infection with Ureaplasma free female rats. The mating experiment revealed a smaller mean litter size and a lower birth weight in the offspring of infected males compared with the control animals, but no general influence on the fertility of infected animals. Zusammenfassung: Mykoplasmenfreie mannliche Wistarratten wurden intravesikal mit Ureaplasma urealyticum Serotype 3 oder 7 infiziert und 3, 7 oder 21 Tage post infectionem getotet. Ureaplasmen liesen sich in den Organen durch Re-Isolation bei 43% (Serotype 3) bzw. 60% (Serotype 7) der Tiere nachweisen. Typenspezifisches Ureaplasmenantigen wurde bei 44% (Serotype 3) bzw. 45% (Serotype 7) der Tiere gefunden. In gleicher Weise mit steriler Bouillon behandelte Kontrolltiere waren negativ. Mannliche Wistarratten wurden mit Ureaplasma urealyticum, Serotype 3, artifiziell infiziert und 3 bzw. 6 Monate post infectionem mit ureaplasmenfreien Weibchen gepaart. Der Paarungsversuch ergab eine Verringerung des mittleren Geburtsgewichtes und der mittleren Wurfgrose bei den Nachkommen der infizierten Tiere im Vergleich mit den Kontrolltieren, aber keine generelle Beeintrachtigung der Fertilitat der infizierten Tiere.
Theory and simulation of dual-frequency mode-locked lasers

A new model is constructed that describes the operation of dual-frequency, pulsed mode-locked laser cavities. The model, which is a combination of dual-channel interactions in the canonical master mode-locking model subject to three different gain models that account for both self- and cross-saturation effects, results in mode-locking dynamics that qualitatively describe the observed experimental dual-frequency laser operation. Specifically, the combination of self- and cross saturation in the gain allows for mode locking at two frequencies simultaneously, which can be of significantly different energies and pulsewidths. The model gives a framework for understanding the operation and stability of the increasingly important and timely technology of dual- and multifrequency mode-locked laser cavities.
Budgets of Lineal and Nonlineal Turbulent Kinetic Energy under Strong Shear Conditions

Abstract Quasi-lineal “roll” coherent structures appear in a large eddy simulation of strong wind shear and moderate surface buoyancy flux. Unlike idealized two-dimensional roll vortices, these rolls are finite in length and vary in axial angle. Over a subdomain corresponding to an individual roll’s length and orientation, the flux due to the strictly two-dimensional “lineal” eddy component dominates the total vertical turbulent transport in the mid- and upper boundary layer. Separate analyses of turbulent kinetic energy budgets for the lineal (two dimensional) and nonlineal (three dimensional) eddies reveal differences in energy transfer between the large-scale eddies and the smaller-scale eddies that extract energy from them. For the transverse component, direct shear generation is small relative to pressure transfer from other components: for large (small) eddies the associated pressure transfer loss occurs primarily from the vertical (longitudinal) component and thus indirectly from buoyancy (shear) p...
Learning Factor Graphs in Polynomial Time and Sample Complexity

We study the computational and sample complexity of parameter and structure learning in graphical models. Our main result shows that the class of factor graphs with bounded degree can be learned in polynomial time and from a polynomial number of training examples, assuming that the data is generated by a network in this class. This result covers both parameter estimation for a known network structure and structure learning. It implies as a corollary that we can learn factor graphs for both Bayesian networks and Markov networks of bounded degree, in polynomial time and sample complexity. Importantly, unlike standard maximum likelihood estimation algorithms, our method does not require inference in the underlying network, and so applies to networks where inference is intractable. We also show that the error of our learned model degrades gracefully when the generating distribution is not a member of the target class of networks. In addition to our main result, we show that the sample complexity of parameter learning in graphical models has an O(1) dependence on the number of variables in the model when using the KL-divergence normalized by the number of variables as the performance criterion.
Shallow slip deficit due to large strike-slip earthquakes in dynamic rupture simulations with elasto-plastic off-fault response

SUMMARY Slip inversions of geodetic data from several large (magnitude ∼7) strike-slip earthquakes point to coseismic slip deficit at shallow depths (<3–4 km), that is, coseismic slip appears to decrease towards the Earth surface. While the inferred slip distribution may be consistent with laboratory-derived rate and state friction laws suggesting that the uppermost brittle crust may be velocity strengthening, there remains a question of how the coseismic slip deficit is accommodated throughout the earthquake cycle. The consequence of velocity-strengthening fault friction at shallow depths is that the deficit of coseismic slip is relieved by post-seismic afterslip and interseismic creep. However, many seismic events with inferred shallow slip deficit were not associated with either resolvable shallow interseismic creep or robust shallow afterslip. Hence, the origin of shallow ‘slip deficit’ remains uncertain. In this study, we investigate whether inelastic failure in the shallow crust due to dynamic earthquake rupture can explain the inferred deficit of shallow slip. Evidence for such failure is emerging from geologic, seismic and geodetic observations. We find that the amount of shallow slip deficit is proportional to the amount of inelastic deformation near the Earth surface. Such deformation occurs under a wide range of parameters that characterize rock strength in the upper crust. However, the largest magnitude of slip deficit in models accounting for off-fault yielding is 2–4 times smaller than that inferred from kinematic inversions of geodetic data. To explain this discrepancy, we further explore to what extent assumptions in the kinematic inversions may bias the inferred slip distributions. Inelastic deformation in the shallow crust reduces coseismic strain near the fault, introducing an additional ‘artificial’ deficit of up to 10 per cent of the maximum slip in inversions of geodetic data that are based on purely elastic models. The largest magnitude of slip deficit in our models combined with the bias in inversions accounts for up to 25 per cent of shallow slip deficit, which is comparable, but still smaller than 30– 60 per cent deficit inferred from kinematic inversions. We discuss potential mechanisms that may account for the remaining discrepancy between slip deficit predicted by elasto-plastic rupture models and that inferred from inversions of space geodetic data.
Diet of the widespread insectivorous bats Eptesicus fuscus and Myotis lucifugus relative to climate and richness of bat communities

Abstract Partitioning of foraging niches of insectivorous bats likely is shaped by ecological factors such as availability of prey and competition; however, these factors are difficult to measure and there is little empirical evidence for either. We examined diet of the North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) using published works and our own data from New England to better understand intraspecific dietary variation, and to test whether diet corresponded with climate (an indicator of availability of prey) and species richness of bat communities (a measure of potential interspecific competition). Diet of both species of bat varied with climate in a manner that generally corresponded with longitude. E. fuscus increased use of moths in regions with cool arid summers (western North America), whereas both species of bat consumed more beetles in moister summer climates associated with eastern North America. Additionally, E. fuscus consumed fewer beetles and more...
Three-isotope plot of fractionation in photolysis: A perturbation theoretical expression

The slope of the three-isotope plot for the isotopomer fractionation by direct or nearly direct photodissociation is obtained using a perturbation theoretical analysis. This result, correct to first order in the mass difference, is the same as that for equilibrium chemical exchange reactions, a similarity unexpected a priori. A comparison is made with computational results for N2O photodissociation. This theoretical slope for mass-dependent photolytic fractionation can be used to analyze the data for isotopic anomalies in spin-allowed photodissociation reactions. Earlier work on chemical equilibria is extended by avoiding a high-temperature approximation.
The Development of Young Infants' Intuitions about Support

~~~ ~ ~ ~ Previous research has shown that Smonth-old infants, like adults, expect a box to be stable when it is in full contact with a platform, and to fall when it loses all contact with the platform. Do young infants also have expectations about what should happen when the box is only in partial contact with the platform? The present research was designed to address this question. In Experiment 1,6.5-monthold infants saw two test events: a full-contact and a partial-contact test event. In both events, the infants watched the extended finger of a gloved hand push a box along the top of a platform. In the fullcontact event, the box was pushed until its leading edge reached the end of the platform. In the partial-contact event, the box was pushed until only 15% or 7P/o of its bottom surface remained on the platform. The infants looked reliably longer at the partial- than at the full-contact event when 15%, but not 709'0, of the box rested on the platform. These results suggested that the infants were able to judge how much contact was needed between the box and the platform for the box to be stable. A control condition provided evidence for this interpretation. In Experiment 2, 5.5- to Cmonthold infants were found to look equally at the full- and the partialcontact events, even when only 15% of the box's bottom surface remained on the platform. This result suggested that prior to 6.5 months of age infants perceive any amount of contact between the box and the platform to be sufficient to ensure the box's stability. Interpretations of this developmental sequence are considered in
Chemo-mechanical interactions between adsorbed molecules and thin elastic films

A general mechanics framework is presented to describe the interaction of molecular groups adsorbed on deformable thin films. Equations describing film deformation are expressed in terms of the pair potential that governs the interaction between adsorbed groups and large-deflection deformation descriptions. We illustrate that the pair potential can be used to define two-dimensional constitutive parameters for the adsorbed groups that describe their energetic contribution during arbitrary deformations. The framework is applicable to a wide range of interactions, including electrochemical interactions between a solution and film surface, interactions between neighboring adsorbed biopolymers and interactions between living cells. Key dimensionless parameters involving molecular interaction, surface coverage, film dimensions, and elastic properties are highlighted, and simplified governing equations for small deflections are identified. Solutions are presented that describe the influence of adsorbed groups on bending of cantilevers, pinned films and built-in (clamped) films. For clamped films, the critical molecular interaction parameters required to induce buckling are identified, and post-buckling behavior discussed in terms of the implications for making biological sensors.
Aprotinin in cardiac surgery patients: is the risk worth the benefit?

Background: Aprotinin is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved agent to reduce haemorrhage related to cardiac surgery and its safety and efficacy has been extensively studied. Our study sought to compare the efficacy, early and late mortality and major morbidity associated with aprotinin compared with e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in cardiac surgery operations. Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2006, 2101 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery or CABG and valve surgery in our institution with the use of aprotinin (1898 patients) or EACA (203 patients).Logistic regression and propensity score analysis were usedto adjust for imbalances in the patients’ preoperative characteristics. The propensity score-adjusted sample included 570 patients who received aprotinin and 114 who receivedEACA (1—5matching).Results:Operativemortalitywashigher in theaprotinin groupin univariate(aprotinin4.3% vs EACA1%,p = 0.023) butnotpropensityscore-adjustedmultivariateanalysis(4%vs0.9%,p = 0.16).Inpropensity score-adjustedanalysis,aprotininwasalso associated with a lower rate of blood transfusion (38.8% vs 50%, p = 0.04), a lower rate of haemorrhage-related re-exploration (3.7% vs 7.9%, p = 0.04) and a higher risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest (3.7% vs 0%, p = 0.03) and a marginally but not statistically significantly higher risk of acute renal failure (6.8% vs 2.6%,p = 0.09). In Cox proportional hazardsregression analysis, the riskof late death was higher in the aprotinin comparedto EACA group (hazard ratio = 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60—11.67, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Aprotinin decreases the rate of postoperative blood transfusion and haemorrhage-related re-exploration, but increases the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest and late mortality after cardiac surgery when compared to EACA. Cumulative evidence suggests that the risk associated with aprotinin may not be worth the haemostatic benefit. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Microbial Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Shewanella

Graphene oxide (GO) can be reduced to graphene in a normal aerobic setup under ambient conditions as mediated by microbial respiration of Shewanella cells. The microbially-reduced graphene (MRG) exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. Extracellular electron transfer pathways at the cell/GO interface were systematically investigated, suggesting both direct electron transfer and electron mediators are involved in the GO reduction.
The North Atlantic Oscillation–Arctic Oscillation in the CCSM2 and Its Influence on Arctic Climate Variability

Recent observations suggest that large and widespread changes are occurring in the Arctic climate system. Many of these are associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or the closely related Arctic Oscillation (AO). Here, the Arctic climate and its response to the NAO‐AO is examined in a control simulation of the newly released Community Climate System Model, version 2 (CCSM2). Variability in the atmosphere and sea ice systems are considered and the physical mechanisms that drive the variations are discussed. It is found that the model reasonably simulates the spatial structure and variance of the sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and precipitation associated with the NAO‐AO. The sea ice response to the NAO‐AO also compares well to observations. However, it varies over the length of the time series, which is related to variations in the spatial structure of the sea level pressure anomalies associated with the NAO‐AO over time. The model results suggest that these variations, which are similar to changes that occur over the observed record, are common and part of the natural variability of the system. However, the magnitude of the observed trends over the last 40 yr in the NAO‐AO index are never realized in the model simulations, suggesting that these trends may be associated with changes in anthropogenic forcing, which the simulation examined here does not include.
The essential tension in science and democracy

Abstract In Democracy in America, de Tocqueville makes two claims about scientific inquiry in democracies: first, that in the abstract there is nothing essential about democracies that prevents them from achieving in science; and second, that in practice democracies will bend science toward practical applications. This paper will examine the nature of the compatibility of science with democracy within a literature roughly called ‘liberal social thought’, using de Tocqueville's claims as an organizing principle. In assessing the first claim, the paper identifies three tensions between science and democracy—the populist, the plutocratic, and the exclusionary—the last of which is an essential tension, as it is grounded in the exclusionary nature of the rationality common to both science and liberal democracy. If one rejects the rationality of scientific inquiry, one risks being excluded from political inquiry and political rights. In assessing the second claim, the paper views the professionalization of scie...
Designing Learning Launches

This note lays out in detail a technique, the learning launch, for generating increased revenues through conducting small experiments in the marketplace. A learning launch is a process for testing and improving (or abandoning) a new business idea quickly and inexpensively. Although the process involves selling a new product or service to a customer or group of customers, a learning launch is not a traditional new-product rollout. Instead, it is an experiment designed to generate insights and actual market feedback that can then be used to refine or entirely redefine the business idea and to determine whether it deserves a larger commitment of time, people, and other resources.
Studies on a Neutralizing Antibody against Canine Distemper Virus found in Man.

A reproducible test is described for the measurement of serum neutralizing capacity against a strain of CDV adapted to the chick embryo. A heat-stable neutralizing substance against CDV was demonstrated in human serum and in high titer in the gamma globulin fraction. The neutralizing substance is transmitted via the placenta quantitatively from the mother to the newborn infant. It is lost by the sixth month and reappears in the population between the second and tenth years of life. It reaches an incidence of almost 100 per cent in adults. The evidence so far available indicates that the neutralizing substance has the properties of a true antibody, formed in response to an as yet unidentified infection with an agent identical to or bearing an antigenic structure in common with CDV.
Facilitating Collaborative Problem-Solving with Computer-Supported Causal Mapping

Achieving group consensus in the development, evaluation, and selection of solutions to complex problems requires team members to identify and resolve differences in individual conceptions of the problem-space. However, the complexity of a problem makes this process to be a highly challenging task. As a result, this demonstration introduces jMAP - a software application designed to facilitate collaborative problem-solving by enabling users to: 1) individually construct causal maps; 2) graphically overlay and juxtapose one individual's map over another individual's map to identify commonalities in causal links, root causes, and the causal chains linking root causes to a target outcome; 3) quantitatively score the extent to which two maps share causal links, root causes, and the causal chain links stemming from root causes; and 4) view their own maps with links that vary in density to convey the percentage of other users that included each specific link in their maps.
Observation of Asymmetric Nanoscale Optical Cavity in GaAs Nanosheets

GaAs nanosheets with no twin defects, stacking faults, or dislocations are excellent candidates for optoelectrical applications. Their outstanding optical behavior and twin free structure make them superior to traditionally studied GaAs nanowires. While many research groups have reported optically resonant cavities (i.e., Fabry–Perot) in 1D nanowires, here, we report an optical cavity resonance in GaAs nanosheets consisting of complex 2D asymmetric modes, which are fundamentally different from one-dimensional cavities. These resonant modes are detected experimentally using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, which exhibits a series of peaks or “fringes” superimposed on the bulk GaAs photoluminescence spectrum. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm these experimental findings and provide a detailed picture of these complex resonant modes. Here, the complex modes of this cavity are formed by the three nonparallel edges of the GaAs nanosheets. Due to the asymmetrical nature of the nanoshe...
Aerodynamic Parameter Adaptation of CFD-Based Reduced-Order Models

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method has been shown to produce accurate reduced-order models (ROMs) for unsteady aerodynamic analyses at fixed flight conditions. However, changes in aerodynamic parameters such as the Mach number or angle of attack often necessitate the re-construction of the ROM in order to maintain accuracy, which destroys the sought-after computational eciency. Straightforward approaches to ROM adaptation — such as the global POD method and the direct interpolation of the POD basis vectors — are known to lead to inaccurate POD bases in the transonic flight regime. Alternatively, a new ROM adaptation scheme is described in this paper and evaluated for changes in the free-stream Mach number and/or angle of attack. This scheme interpolates the subspace angles between two POD subspaces, then generates a new POD basis through an orthogonal transformation based on the interpolated subspace angles. The resulting computational methodology is applied to unsteady flows for both aerodynamic and aeroelastic applications involving a complete F-16 configuration in various airstreams. The predicted aerodynamics loads and aeroelastic frequencies and damping coecients are compared with counterparts obtained from full-order nonlinear simulations and flight test data. Good correlations are observed, including in the transonic regime. The obtained computational results reveal a significant potential of the adapted ROM computational technology for accurate, near-real-time, numerical, predictions.
Influence of Package Trace Properties on CDM Stress

CDM current waveform properties show a strong dependence on pin type and location due to package transmission line effects in large BGAs. I/O pin waveforms have a depressed peak, slower rise time, and increased pulsewidth compared to power supply waveforms, with the offset increasing with the distance from the package center. Simulations illustrate that the internal current through the ESD protection network on the die can deviate significantly from the external current observed in the CDM system for long package traces.
Chemotherapy of Trichomonas foetus infections in rabbits.

SummaryA standardized, controlled in vivo technic utilizing female rabbits has been described for testing the trichomonacidal properties of various therapeutic compounds against Trichomonas foetus. A total of 58 compounds was tested by this method. Only 3 compounds: entozon, iodine and sulfomerthiolate appeared to reduce the duration of infection.
The manufacture and identification of anti-BACP1 antibody

AIM: To prepare the anti BACP1 polyclonal antibody and identify its specificity. METHODS: GST BACP1 fusion protein was expressed and purified from E. coli . Zelanian rabbits were immunized using the fusion protein and the antiserum was prepared. Western Blot and immunohistochemical experiments have been performed to identify the antibody’s specificity. RESULTS: This polyclonal antibody can recognize and bind BACP1 specifically in vitro and in vivo . CONCLUSION: This anti BACP1 antibody has high specificity and affinity with BACP1 and would be a very useful tool for study of the BACP1’s localization and function further.
Transient Magnetic Field Analysis of Linear Motor Used for Compressor

Moving magnet linear compressor has the features of high efficiency and structure relatively simple.Because the vertical pressure between linear compressor's piston and cylinder wall is little,the self lubricant material used for linear compressor has long using life.The transient magnetic field of linear motor for compressor is calculated using finite element analysis method and the linear motor's operation is obtained.The results show that the linear motor's design is more reasonable and can meet the basic requirements of compressor.The impact of permanent magnet's offset is also analyzed and the results show that lateral force is 13% of axial force if permanent magnet offset is 0.1mm.
Semi-automated Quantification of Lung Density on Chest CT Used as a Predictive Biomarker of Pulmonary Venous Hypertension

Rationale and Objectives We sought to determine if lung densities derived from computed tomography scans could be used to identify patients with pulmonary venous hypertension (Group II pulmonary hypertension [PH]), and to compare the performance of this metric with previously described metrics. Materials and Methods Patients were retrospectively included from a single-center cohort of patients with aortic stenosis being evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement from April 2009 to July 2014. Fifty-four patients met inclusion criteria. Thirty-three had PH (pulmonary arterial pressure [PAP] ≥25 mmHg). Thirty-two had Group II PH (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] ≥15 mmHg). Mean lung density (mLD) was measured from chest computed tomography scans using semi-automated techniques. Aortic diameter (mAo) and main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA) were measured manually. These metrics were correlated with PAP and PCWP values. Results mLD was significantly correlated with PCWP (R = 0.45, P = .0006) and significantly higher in patients with elevated PCWP ( P = .006). mPA was weakly correlated with PCWP (R = 0.28, P = .04), but not significantly different in patients with elevated PCWP. mPA/mAo was not significantly correlated with PCWP, nor was it significantly different in patients with elevated PCWP. mLD, mPA, and mPA/mAo were all significantly correlated with PAP and were significantly higher in patients with PH. Conclusions Of all metrics, only mLD was significantly correlated with PCWP and served to differentiate patients with elevated and normal PCWP. As such, mLD may contribute to a noninvasive biomarker of pulmonary venous hypertension.
Network Text Analysis in Computer-Intensive Rapid Ethnography Retrieval: An Example from Political Networks of Sudan

Advances in text analysis, particularly the ability to extract network based information from texts, is enabling researches to conduct detailed socio-cultural ethnographies rapidly by retrieving characteristic descriptions from texts and fusing the results from varied sources. We describe this process and illustrate it in the context of conflict in the Sudan. We show how network information can be extracted from vast quantities of unstructured texts-based information using computer assisted processes. This is illustrated by an examination of changes in the political networks in Sudan as extracted from the Sudan Tribune. We find that this approach enables rapid high level assessment of a socio-cultural environment, generates results that are viewed as accurate by subject matter experts, and match actual historical events. The relative value of this socio-cultural analysis approach is discussed.
Considerations in the Management of Perforated Peptic Ulcers

Acute perforation of a peptic ulcer may be a life-threatening abdominal catastrophe that in usual circumstances can be easily diagnosed and treated. The etiology of perforated duodenal ulcers is unknown, but stress, alcohol, and salicylates have been implicated. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of perforated peptic ulcer are reviewed.
Identifying Risk for Suicide

Between 1986 and 1999 the United States saw a 13 percent decrease in the rate of suicide (Paris, 2006); however, the rate has steadily increased since then and, as of 2013, continues to increase (Drapeau & McIntosh, 2015). The estimated number of completed suicides in the United States in 2013 totaled 41,149, which averages about one person every 12.8 minutes, making suicide the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (Drapeau & McIntosh, 2015). Service Contact Prior to Suicide Between 57 percent and 90 percent of individuals who die by suicide consulted their general practitioner in the year prior to death, with as many as 45 percent seeing a physician in the prior month (Luoma, Martin, & Pearson, 2002). A recent study by Ahmedani et al. (2014) likewise shows that not only do a majority of individuals have contact with health care professionals in the year prior to the suicide, but more than half obtained health services in the four weeks prior to the suicide. Similarly, Pearson et al. (2009) found that in the 247 completed suicides they reviewed, 224 had at least one face-to-face consultation in the year prior to their suicide. In addition, 91 percent of the 224 had their final consultation within six months prior to their suicide. Furthermore, results from a study reviewing 317 suicide cases showed that the number of contacts with physicians generally increased in frequency in the year preceding the suicide (Deisenhammer, Huber, Kemmler, Weiss, & Hinterhuber, 2007). Of note, individuals in the general … Language: en