cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California: A Sedimentary Record of the Late Cretaceous Sierran Magmatic Flare-Up Event

Early Late Cretaceous time was characterized by a major magmatic flare-up event in the Sierra Nevada batholith and early phases of magmatism in the Idaho batholith, but the sedimentary record of this voluminous magmatism in the U.S. Cordillera is considerably less conspicuous. New detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the Hornbrook Formation in southern Oregon and northern California reveal a significant and sustained influx of 100–85 Ma detrital zircons into the broader Hornbrook region beginning ca. 90 Ma. Detrital zircon ages and hafnium isotopic compositions, combined with whole-rock geochemistry, suggest that sediment was largely derived from the Sierra Nevada, requiring uplift and erosion of the Sierra Nevada batholith during and immediately following the Late Cretaceous magmatic flare-up event. Sediment derived from the eroded arc may have been transported northward along the axis of the arc, between a western drainage divide along the arc crest and the rising Nevadaplano to the east. Although the Klamath Mountains and Blue Mountains Province present more proximal potential sources of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous detrital zircons in the Hornbrook Formation than the Sierra Nevada, Late Cretaceous deposition on the Klamath Mountains 80 km west of Hornbrook Formation outcrops, and Late Cretaceous deep-water deposition on the Blue Mountains in the Ochoco Basin suggest that these regions were the locus of subsidence and sedimentation, rather than erosion, during Late Cretaceous time. The limited outcrop extent of the Hornbrook Formation may represent only a sliver of a much larger Late Cretaceous Hornbrook basin system. Complete characterization of the episodic magmatic history of continental arcs requires integration of age distributions from the arc itself and from detrital zircons eroded from the arc; it is critical to recognize the potential of drainage systems to transport sediment to depocenters not directly linked to present-day arc exposures.
The Prebiotic Chemistry of Nitrogen and the Origin of Life

This chapter provides a brief review of the major sources of prebiotic nitrogen for the origin of life. It considers the formation/delivery of reduced nitrogen, by terrestrial and exogenous processes, and considers how species such as amino acids and nucleobases might have become prebiotically available.
Calcific Tendinopathy of the Abductor Hallucis Tendon in an Adolescent Gymnast: A Case Report.

Case: A fifteen-year-old gymnast presented with right foot pain, noting tenderness to palpation about the right medial metatarsophalangeal joint prominence. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging raised concerns for a possible avulsion fracture of the head of the first metatarsal. Surgical exposure of the presumed fragment revealed chalklike material that was easily friable and seemed to emanate from the capsule. Pathologic evaluation confirmed dense fibrous tissue with calcification, consistent with a diagnosis of calcific tendinopathy. Conclusion: Calcific tendinopathy may occur in unusual anatomic locations, and must remain on the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with the appropriate clinical picture.
Knowledge discovery of game design features by mining user-generated feedback

The term "Gamification" is an emerging paradigm that aims to employ game mechanics and game thinking to change behavior. Gamification offers several effective ways to motivate users into action such as challenges, levels and rewards. However, an open research problem is discovering the set of gamification features that consistently result in a higher probability of success for a given task, game or application. The objective of this paper is to bridge this knowledge gap by quantifying the gamification features that are consistently found in successful applications. Knowledge gained from this work will inform designers about the gamification features that lead to higher chances of an application's success, and the gamification features that do not significantly impact the success of an application. The case study presented in this work leverages demographic heterogeneity and scale of applications existing within mobile platforms to evaluate the impact of gamification features on the success or failure of those applications. The successful game design features identified have the potential to be embedded into interactive gamification platforms across various fields such as healthcare, education, military and marketing, in order to maintain or enhance user engagement. Automated discovery of game design features that impact success.Game design features combinations discovered through machine learning algorithms.Incorporation of game design features to motivate individuals.
Ion transport in gills of the euryhaline fish Gillichthys mirabilis is facilitated by a phosphocreatine circuit

The function of creatine kinase (CK) isozymes in energy metabolism and the short-term regulation of active ion transport in gills of the euryhaline teleost Gillichthys mirabilis was investigated. After a transfer of fish from regular seawater [36 parts/thousand (ppt)] to hypersaline water (60 ppt), the plasma osmolality increased significantly from 361.0 +/- 5.2 to 434.2 +/- 20.6 mosmol/kgH2O within 2 h and was regulated down to 391.8 +/- 11.3 mosmol/kgH2O within 12 h. Although the ATP concentration in the gill tissue remained unchanged, the creatine concentration increased significantly from 17.3 +/- 3.2 to 37.6 +/- 5.9 nmol/mg protein within 2 h after the salinity change. CK and Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase-(Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) activities were unchanged 48 h after transfer. Independent of salinity, the activities of CK were three to seven times those of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and the creatine concentration in the gill was at least one order of magnitude higher than the ATP concentration. The occurrence of muscle-type CK (CK-M), brain-type CK, and mitochondrial CK was demonstrated. CK-M was predominant in gills (59 +/- 7.1% of total CK activity). Evidence for a direct functional coupling between CK and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was obtained with permeabilized gill cells, by using the CK inhibitor iodoacetamide, which abolishes the competitive channeling of ADP from the external pyruvate kinase reaction to the endogeneous CK reaction in a coupled in situ Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase assay. Our results show the significance and the central regulatory role for energy metabolism and adaptive ionoregulation of a phosphocreatine-CK circuit in situations of high and fluctuating energy demands for euryhaline fishes.
Determinants of Cyanuric Acid and Melamine Assembly in Water

While the recognition of cyanuric acid (CA) by melamine (M) and their derivatives has been known to occur in both water and organic solvents for some time, analysis of CA/M assembly in water has not been reported (Ranganathan, A.; Pedireddi, V. R.; Rao, C. N. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 1752–1753; Mathias, J. P.; Simanek, E. E.; Seto, C. T.; Whitesides, G. M. Macromol. Symp.1994, 77, 157–166; Zerkowski, J. A.; MacDonald, J. C.; Seto, C. T.; Wierda, D. A.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1994, 116, 2382–2391; Mathias, J. P.; Seto, C. T.; Whitesides, G. M. Polym. Prepr.1993, 34, 92–93; Seto, C. T.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993, 115, 905–916; Zerkowski, J. A.; Seto, C. T.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1992, 114, 5473–5475; Seto, C. T.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1990, 112, 6409–6411; Wang, Y.; Wei, B.; Wang, Q. J. Chem. Cryst.1990, 20, 79–84; ten Cate, M. G. J.; Huskens, J.; Crego-Calama, M.; Reinhoudt, D. N. Chem.—Eur. J.2004, 10, 3632–3639). We have examined assembly of CA/M,...
Analysis of monitoring result of disinfection quality in nurseries and kindergartens in Liaocheng City from 2011-2012

[Objective]To investigate the disinfection quality in nurseries and kindergartens in Liaocheng City,and provide the scientific basis for health management of nurseries and kindergartens. [Methods]On-site investigation and laboratory testing method were used to conduct stratified random sampling on various types of registered nurseries and kindergartens in Liaocheng City from2011-2012. The test results were analyzed statistically.[Results]A total of 908 samples of indoor air,hand hygiene of kindergarten staff,surfaces of environmental objects,tableware and drinking utensils,water of water dispenser,and ultraviolet radiation intensity were collected from 2011-2012. Seven hundred and seventy were qualified,with the rate of 84. 80%. The qualified rate were76. 94% and 91. 33% in 2011 and 2012. The qualified rates of disinfection monitoring in urban and rural nursery institution were89. 98% and 77. 89%,that of public and private nurseries and kindergartens was 91. 39% and 74. 84%,respectively,with significant difference( both P 0. 01).[Conclusion]The 2-year monitoring results of shows that the disinfectant quality in nurseries and kindergartens is obviously ascending in this city. But there is significant difference between towns and between public and private nurseries and kindergartens. More attention should be paid to the supervision and management of the disinfectant in nurseries and kindergartens.
A Voltage-current Close Loop Control Algorithm for Z-Source Inverter

A voltage-current close loop control algorithm for Z-source inverter is presented.After modeling the Z-source inverter system,modulators for the double close loop of Z-source inverter system are designed in a control system mode.The modulator of the inner current loop is realized by proportion element to improve the open-loop gain of the inner loop,and the modulator of the outer voltage loop is realized by Proportion Integral Differential(PID) element to ensure the stability of the system and to improve the band width of the system.The Clarke transformation is adopted to decouple the three phase-three wire system of Z-source inverter.The program design of the digital control system of Z-source inverter is briefly described.Finally,the simulative and experimental results verify the validity of the double close loop of Z-source in-verter.
Study on the Relationship between COCH Gene and miR-96

Objective COCH gene is closely related with hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction.In this paper,we investigated the influence of miR-96 on the expression of COCH gene.Methods B95-8 cell line was transfected with miR-96 mimics or miRNA inhibitors.Then the COCH expression levels were determined by using real-time PCR.Results The expression levels of COCH gene was negatively related with the expression levels of miR-96.Conclusion We suggested that the miR-96 may regulated the expression levels of COCH,which plays an important roles in the function of cochlea and vestibule.
Selected options supporting use of the group embedded figures test in modeling achievement in clinical laboratory science programs.

OBJECTIVE To identify, in light of predicted future shortages of allied-health personnel, student and curricular characteristics of clinical laboratory science (CLS) programs relevant to recruitment and retention at the baccalaureate level. SETTING Not applicable. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Not applicable. PRACTICE INNOVATION Options for modeling achievement in CLS programs are developed, and designs and procedures for clarifying procedural questions are considered in a context of delivery of instruction for specialized curricula and skill development. Considerable attention is given to the potential for using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) in modeling, advising, designing curricula, and monitoring quality improvement of programs and graduates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Not applicable. RESULTS Supporting evidence is supplied from the literature for options in developing an appropriate model for examining those salient variables known to have linkages to achievement. CONCLUSION An argument is presented for better understanding of antecedent variables affecting achievement and retention of CLS students. In addition, a case is made for development of an appropriate model examining variables identified in the literature as being linked to achievement. Dynamic models based on these considerations should be developed chronologically from entry through graduation with emphasis on growth at year-end milestones.
A technique for rapid source apportionment applied to ambient organic aerosol measurements from a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG)

Abstract. We present a rapid method for apportioning the sources of atmospheric organic aerosol composition measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Here, we specifically apply this new analysis method to data acquired on a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) system. Gas chromatograms are divided by retention time into evenly spaced bins, within which the mass spectra are summed. A previous chromatogram binning method was introduced for the purpose of chromatogram structure deconvolution (e.g., major compound classes) (Zhang et al., 2014). Here we extend the method development for the specific purpose of determining aerosol samples' sources. Chromatogram bins are arranged into an input data matrix for positive matrix factorization (PMF), where the sample number is the row dimension and the mass-spectra-resolved eluting time intervals (bins) are the column dimension. Then two-dimensional PMF can effectively do three-dimensional factorization on the three-dimensional TAG mass spectra data. The retention time shift of the chromatogram is corrected by applying the median values of the different peaks' shifts. Bin width affects chemical resolution but does not affect PMF retrieval of the sources' time variations for low-factor solutions. A bin width smaller than the maximum retention shift among all samples requires retention time shift correction. A six-factor PMF comparison among aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), TAG binning, and conventional TAG compound integration methods shows that the TAG binning method performs similarly to the integration method. However, the new binning method incorporates the entirety of the data set and requires significantly less pre-processing of the data than conventional single compound identification and integration. In addition, while a fraction of the most oxygenated aerosol does not elute through an underivatized TAG analysis, the TAG binning method does have the ability to achieve molecular level resolution on other bulk aerosol components commonly observed by the AMS.
Greimas, Law, Discourse and Interpretative Squares: An Author, his Squares and Legal Discourse Analysis

Jacques M.E.Lacan (1901–1981), the third godfather of semiotics, is the Parisian psychologist/psychoanalyst who wrote his 1932 PhD dissertation on the “delire a deux”, a clinical picture that describes the inability to develop an established identity and to create the awareness of a single individual. That is the supreme nightmare for a lawyer: a fundamental uncertainty about the ‘who is who’, the subject concerned, the evident addressee. The issue is an appeal to language in itself, concerns the fact that each individual is educated in a language in which it has to learn to accept and manage an identity that is told to him or her. The mirror stage, the word of the mother and, in a different sense, of the father are themes to understand the subversion of the command structures of law and legal discourse. Semiotics suggests that each “I” has to become developed—in language, culture and (above all) in the presence of an other person. Language, identity and law appear coherent but by no means congruent social events.
Bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline (BLPhen), a New Type of Preorganized Mixed N,O-Donor Ligand That Separates Am(III) over Eu(III) with Exceptionally High Efficiency

We report a new family of preorganized bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline (BLPhen) complexants that possess both hard and soft donor atoms within a convergent cavity and show unprecedented extraction strength for the trivalent f-block metal ions. BLPhen ligands with saturated and unsaturated δ-lactam rings have notable differences in their affinity and selectivity for Am(III) over Eu(III), with the latter being the most selective mixed N,O-donor extractant of Am(III) reported to date. Saturated BLPhen was crystallized with five Ln(III) nitrates to form charge-neutral 1:1 complexes in the solid state. DFT calculations further elaborate on the variety of effects that dictate the performance of these preorganized compounds.
Envisioning a future for precision health psychology: innovative applied statistical approaches to N-of-1 studies

Health psychology clinicians and patients routinely engage in clinical encounters where they attempt to determine the best behaviour change approach for that particular patient. As is recognised fr...
"The Farmer and the Cowman Should Be Friends": Surviving a Curricular Revision through Interprofessional Cooperation

To the Editor: Based on many overheard conversations in the halls at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy in Anaheim, many schools and colleges of pharmacy are undergoing or have recently undergone significant curricular updates and even complete revisions.
Passivity-Based Design for Event-Triggered Networked Control Systems

In this paper, we introduce a passivity-based design framework for event-triggered networked control systems. We consider the effects of network-induced time delays, signal quantization, and data loss in communication links between the plant and controller and show $L_2$ -stability and robustness for the control design. We introduce simple asynchronous triggering conditions that do not rely on the exact knowledge of the systems’ dynamics and are located on both sides of the communication network. This leads to a great decrease in the communication rate between systems. Additionally, we show lower bounds on interevent time intervals for the triggering conditions and characterize the design's robustness against external disturbances. We illustrate the relationship among stability, robustness, and passivity levels of the plant and controller. Moreover, we analyze our design's robustness against packet dropouts. Finally, we calculate the passivity levels for the entire event-triggered networked control system. This is beneficial in design of compositional networked control systems. Our results are design-oriented. By following our proposed framework, the designer can characterize clear tradeoffs among passivity levels, design parameters, time delays, effects of signal quantization and triggering conditions, stability, robustness, and performance, and make design decisions accordingly.
Shunt Nephritis: An Increasingly Unfamiliar Diagnosis.

Background Shunt nephritis is a rare, reversible immune-complex mediated complication of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection that can progress to end-stage renal disease and even death if diagnosis is delayed. Case Description The present case report details the manifestation and clinical course of shunt nephritis in a 50-year-old patient who presented with symptoms of nephrotic syndrome 30 years after ventriculojugular shunt placement. Diagnosis was delayed due to initial negative CSF and blood cultures, but a later CSF culture was positive for Propionibacterium acnes. After treatment with intravenous antibiotics and complete removal of shunt with subsequent replacement with a new ventriculoperitoneal shunt, the nephritic symptoms resolved, but the patient continued to have reduced kidney function consistent with stage IIIa chronic kidney disease. Conclusion This case emphasizes the clinical importance of having a high index of suspicion in patients with a ventricular shunt who present with symptoms consistent with nephritis, even in the setting of negative cultures and delayed presentation.
Assessment of velopharyngeal function with dual-planar high-resolution real-time spiral dynamic MRI.

Purpose To develop a real-time dynamic MRI method for comprehensive evaluation of velum movement during speech. Methods Dynamic MRI has been used to study velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) by imaging the movement of the velum during speech, because it can provide good anatomic details with no exposed radiation. To be able to comprehensively evaluate dynamic velum movement, a real-time spiral non-balanced SSFP sequence was developed with simultaneous dual-planar coverage and improved spatial and temporal resolution using a combination of parallel imaging and spatial and temporal compressed sensing to achieve 6 × acceleration. New off-resonance correction and post-processing methods were also developed to reduce blurring and slice crosstalk. Results The method demonstrated good image quality for visualizing dynamic velum movement with reduced blurring and improved image homogeneity. Spatial resolution of 1.2*1.2 mm2 with 150 mm FOV and temporal resolution of 20 frames-per-second with simultaneous dual-planar coverage was achieved. Conclusions This work describes a new technique for studying speech disorders using dual-planar accelerated spiral dynamic MRI.
Intervening through the Emergency Department and Trauma Center

Alcohol is the leading risk factor for injury, with a high prevalence of alcohol-related injuries reported by emergency departments and trauma centers worldwide. Problem drinkers use healthcare resources more than the general population and are at increased risk for recurrent injury and death. This chapter will discuss the magnitude of the problem of alcohol and injury, screening tests that have been evaluated in the injured population, and the status of interventions.
RevisiTour: Enriching the Tourism Experience With User-Generated Content

We have explored design opportunities to enrich the tourism experience of people at the Georgia Aquarium by providing a context of photos and by motivating people to be active creators of content to share their experiences with others. We designed a system named RevisiTour to enable visitors to reorganize photos taken from tour sites and share the photos with others. A visitor’s path and timestamp are recorded on a badge with a sensor throughout a trip. After the trip, the visitor can access a website where s/he uploads photos, synchronizes them with the path, and shares the photos with others. We report on how the system was designed, developed, and refined. After developing a prototype, we evaluated a mock-up of the system with actual visitors in the Georgia Aquarium. The analysis and design implications show the possibility of user-generated content systems for tour sites.
Intraoperative mapping of ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease

Over the past ten years electrophysiologically directed surgical techniques to ablate sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) associated with coronary artery disease have been developed. The success rate of these procedures has primarily resulted from the increased knowledge concerning the pathophysiologic substrate of the arrhythmia in this disorder. Activation mapping, both pre- and intraoperatively, has been extensively utilized to define both the pathophysiologic substrate and localize the site of origin of VT. Prior to the use of these electrophysiologic techniques to localize arrhythmogenic areas, surgery was empiric and was often a failure. The current manuscript will detail the results of intraoperative mapping of VT associated with coronary artery disease at the University of Pennsylvania.
Vision problems at video display terminals: a survey of optometrists.

One thousand three hundred seven optometrists responded (25.3 percent response rate) to a mail questionnaire concerning VDT patients in their practice. On the average, 14.25 percent of optometric patients present with symptoms primarily associated with use of the VDT, or almost 10 million examinations annually when projected to the U.S. population. A majority (55.3 percent) reported that their VDT patients have symptoms that are different than other near point workers, especially as related to glare, lighting, unique viewing conditions and spectacle requirements, and the greater frequency and severity of symptoms. They judged that they were unable to arrive at a confident diagnosis and treatment plan for 20.87 percent of VDT patients, which was significantly more than the 14.05 percent for non-VDT patients. Uncorrected refractive errors, accommodative disorders, irritated eyes, binocular vision disorders, and spectacle design problems were the most frequently cited diagnoses. On the average, 39.3 percent of their VDT patients receive a special VDT prescription or spectacle design that is different than they would require for other daily activities. They judged that 36.8 percent of the symptoms were related to visual environmental factors, primarily glare, lighting, screen resolution and work arrangement. The best way to resolve symptoms for VDT workers is to provide thorough vision examination and treatment in conjunction with diagnosis and treatment of visual environmental problems.
Incentive salience & psychopathy: A bio-behavioral exploration

Abstract Not all individuals attribute incentive salience to conditional stimuli. For some, reward-cues are more motivating than are actual rewards. Individuals disproportionately attracted to reward-cues are referred to as sign-trackers whereas those attracted to actual rewards are referred to as goal-trackers. In nonhuman animals, sign-tracking is associated with addiction, impulsivity, behavioral persistence, and reinstatement of misbehavior, whereas goal-tracking is associated with intact inhibitory control, reward focus, and the ability to extinguish learned behaviors. In humans, psychopathy is a personality trait that exhibits many sign-tracking characteristics, leading to self- and other-destructive behaviors. Thus, incentive salience may be useful for defining patterns of antisocial behavior within psychopathy.
Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Myeloid Neoplasms

The major categories of myeloid neoplasms include myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mastocytosis, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms, and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia. MPNs are stem cell disorders characterized by proliferation of cells of one or more of the myeloid lineages (granulocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic) and a tendency to transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Dysregulation of JAK2 signaling by direct or indirect mechanisms has emerged as the central theme in classic MPNs leading to the use of JAK2 inhibitors for therapy. MDS are clonal hematopoietic neoplasms characterized by simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells that results in a normocellular or hypercellular marrow with peripheral blood cytopenias and a tendency to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia. Sequential acquisition of somatic mutations in a set of genes involved in hematopoiesis leads to dysregulation of cellular processes leading to asymptomatic clonal hematopoiesis and later to MDS. MDS/MPNs include clonal myeloid neoplasms, which at the time of initial presentation are associated with features that support the diagnosis of MDS and other findings more consistent with an MPN. AML results from the clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or tissues. Mutations in the epigenetic pathway including genes such as DNMT3A, ASXL1, TET2, and IDH1/IDH2 are acquired early in the disease process. Mutations involving the signal transduction pathway or NPM1 are typically secondary events that occur later during the evolution of the disease. Inhibitors of FLT3 and IDH1 and IDH2 are currently used for targeted therapy.
Mapping migrant vernacular discourses: Mestiza consciousness, nomad thought, and Latina/o/x migrant movement politics in the United States

ABSTRACTThis essay reads the Latina/o/x migrant vernacular discourses that emerge out of pro-migrant activism. Anzaldua’s notion of mestizaje – a logic of border consciousness – is put into convers...
A Review and Proposed Framework for Artificial General Intelligence

This paper will review the current status of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and describe a general framework for developing these systems for autonomous systems. While AI has been around for about 70 years, almost everything that has been done to-date has been what is called “narrow” AI. That is, the theory and applications have mostly been focused on specific applications, not “strong” or general-purpose AI (or Artificial General Intelligence, AGI). As stated in [5], Deep Blue was great at playing chess but could not play checkers. The typical AI of today is basically a collection of well-known algorithms and techniques that are each good for certain applications.
Revisiting the Geometry of a Ternary Diagram with the Half-Taxi Metric

An alternative definition of distance is presented for observations plotted in a ternary diagram and, more generally, for observations in a compositional data set. This definition, which conforms to the triangular coordinate system of the ternary diagram, is compared to other distance measures, and is shown to be tied to the covariance structure of compositional data. Angular differences are also discussed briefly in an Appendix.
Online mutual-help intervention for reducing heavy alcohol use

Online interventions have potential to reach a wide range of people, including heavy drinkers unable or unwilling to seek formal treatment or support groups. This study examined a self-guided alcoh...
An Undergraduate-Led, Research-Based Course that Complements a Traditional Chemical Engineering Curriculum

The interdisciplinary roots of chemical engineering have shaped its history and fostered its rapidly evolving nature. Through ongoing research, graduate students in chemical engineering departments remain abreast of the field’s evolution. Yet core undergraduate curricula often fall short of introducing students to the breadth of current research in the field, rendering undergraduates underprepared for elements of the modern discipline that research is currently defining. Herein, we discuss a strategy for supplementing chemical engineering curricula by introducing research topics and skills through an undergraduate-led course.
Investigating fractal dimension, heart rate variability, and memory during different image sequencing regimes in young adults.

The goal of this study is to investigate patterns that emerge in brain and heart signals in response to external stimulating image regimes. Data were collected from 84 subjects of ages 18–22. Subjects viewed a series of both neutrally and negatively arousing pictures during 2-min and 18-s-long segments repeated nine times. Both brain [electroencephalogram (EEG)] and heart signals [electrocardiogram (EKG)] were recorded for the duration of the study (ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 h) and analyzed using nonlinear techniques. Specifically, the fractal dimension was computed from the EEG to determine how this voltage trace is related to the image sequencing. Our results showed that subjects visually stimulated by a series of mixed images (a randomized set of neutrally or negatively arousing images) had a significantly higher fractal dimension compared to subjects visually triggered by pure images (an organized set of either all neutral or all negatively arousing images). In addition, our results showed that subjects who performed better on memory recall had a higher fractal dimension computed from the EEG. Analysis of EKG also showed greater heart rate variability in subjects who viewed a series of mixed images compared to subjects visually triggered by pure images. Overall, our results show that the healthy brain and heart are responsive to environmental stimuli that promote adaptability, flexibility, and agility.
Working Through Tips: Examining Labor Dynamics in Tipped Workplaces

Tips now constitute a prominent earning stream for over five million U.S. workers, a number that has steadily increased over the past few decades. While the bulk of scholarship on tipping focuses on the factors that affect tipping behavior in customer service transactions, many other workers are employed in tipped workplaces but do not personally receive gratuities or directly interact with customers. How does tipping shape the broader labor dynamic within service workplaces? Over 58 million dollars are spent in tips annually in U.S. restaurants, but only one out of every three workers in the industry makes tips. Drawing on available datasets on tipped employment as well as an ethnographic case study of three Los Angeles restaurants, this study examines the broader set of workplace practices, employee relations, and labor strategies that are impacted by tipping.
PET in Sarcoma: Surgeons Point of View

FDG-PET scan imaging for sarcoma patients serves several important purposes including (1) the identification of high-grade sarcomas, which may present initially as histologically low or intermediate-grade tumors; (2) the pre-resection assessment and demonstration of tumor response following neoadjuvant systemic therapy, by serial PET imaging, in addition to concurrent, serial MRI; and (3) the assessment of metastasis or local tumor recurrence on subsequent patient restaging during the course of treatment or follow-up.
Update: Microdialysis for Monitoring Cerebral Metabolic Dysfunction after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Cerebral metabolic dysfunction has been shown to extensively mediate the pathophysiology of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The characterization of the alterations of metabolites in the brain can help elucidate pathophysiological changes occurring throughout SAH and the relationship between secondary brain injury and cerebral energy dysfunction after SAH. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is a tool that can measure concentrations of multiple bioenergetics metabolites in brain interstitial fluid. This review aims to provide an update on the implication of CMD on the measurement of metabolic dysfunction in the brain after SAH. A literature review was conducted through a general PubMed search with the terms “Subarachnoid Hemorrhage AND Microdialysis” as well as a more targeted search using MeSh with the search terms “Subarachnoid hemorrhage AND Microdialysis AND Metabolism.” Both experimental and clinical papers were reviewed. CMD is a suitable tool that has been used for monitoring cerebral metabolic changes in various types of brain injury. Clinically, CMD data have shown the dramatic changes in cerebral metabolism after SAH, including glucose depletion, enhanced glycolysis, and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation. Experimental studies using CMD have demonstrated a similar pattern of cerebral metabolic dysfunction after SAH. The combination of CMD and other monitoring tools has also shown value in further dissecting and distinguishing alterations in different metabolic pathways after brain injury. Despite the lack of a standard procedure as well as the presence of limitations regarding CMD application and data interpretation for both clinical and experimental studies, emerging investigations have suggested that CMD is an effective way to monitor the changes of cerebral metabolic dysfunction after SAH in real-time, and alternatively, the combination of CMD and other monitoring tools might be able to further understand the relationship between cerebral metabolic dysfunction and brain injury after SAH, determine the severity of brain injury and predict the pathological progression and outcomes after SAH. More translational preclinical investigations and clinical validation may help to optimize CMD as a powerful tool in critical care and personalized medicine for patients with SAH.
Raman-guided subcellular pharmaco-metabolomics for metastatic melanoma

We utilized Raman spectro-microscopy to non-invasively probe metabomics within single live cells, aiming to identify druggable metabolic susceptibilities from a series of patient-derived BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines. Each cell line represents a phenotype with different characteristic level of de-differentiation and BRAFi (BRAF inhibitor) resistance. First, with single-cell Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, followed by transcriptomics analysis, we identified lipid processes as major metabolic functional difference between different phenotypes. We then utilized hyperspectral-SRS imaging on intracellular single organelles to identify a previously unknown susceptibility of lipid desaturation within de-differentiated cell lines. Drugging this target leads to cellular apoptosis accompanied by phase separated intracellular domains. The integration of subcellular Raman spectro-microscopy with lipidomics and transcriptomics suggests highly heterogenous metabolic responses and possible lipid regulatory mechanisms underlying this pharmacological treatment. Our method should provide a general approach in spatially-resolved single cell metabolomics studies.
Hypotony maculopathy captured with vertical rasters on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Abstract Purpose To remind eye care providers of the importance of obtaining vertical rasters in OCT evaluation of patients with suspected hypotony maculopathy. Observations OCT with vertical rasters may identify chorioretinal folds that are missed by ophthalmoscopic examination, fundus photography, and traditional OCT with horizontal rasters alone. Conclusions and importance In patients with low IOP and decreased vision, OCT imaging with horizonal and vertical rasters should be obtained to diagnose hypotony maculopathy and monitor response to treatment.
Parasite Prevalence May Drive the Biotic Impoverishment of New England (USA) Bumble Bee Communities.

Numerous studies have reported a diversity of stressors that may explain continental-scale declines in populations of native pollinators, particularly those in the genus Bombus. However, there has been little focus on the identification of the local-scale dynamics that may structure currently impoverished Bombus communities. For example, the historically diverse coastal-zone communities of New England (USA) now comprise only a few species and are primarily dominated by a single species, B. impatiens. To better understand the local-scale factors that might be influencing this change in community structure, we examined differences in the presence of parasites in different species of Bombus collected in coastal-zone communities. Our results indicate that Bombus species that are in decline in this region were more likely to harbor parasites than are B. impatiens populations, which were more likely to be parasite-free and to harbor fewer intense infections or co-infections. The contrasting parasite burden between co-occurring winners and losers in this community may impact the endgame of asymmetric contests among species competing for dwindling resources. We suggest that under changing climate and landscape conditions, increasing domination of communities by healthy, synanthropic Bombus species (such as B. impatiens) may be another factor hastening the further erosion of bumble bee diversity.
Transport in Laser Microfabrication: Fundamentals and Applications

Emphasising the fundamentals of transport phenomena, this book provides researchers and practitioners with the technical background they need to understand laser-induced microfabrication and materials processing at small scales. It clarifies the laser/materials coupling mechanisms, and discusses the nanoscale confined laser interactions that constitute powerful tools for top-down nanomanufacturing. In addition to discussing key and emerging applications to modern technology, with particular respect to electronics, advanced topics such as the use of lasers for nanoprocessing and nanomachining, the interaction with polymer materials, nanoparticles and clusters, and the processing of thin films are also covered.
Thermal denaturation analysis of chromatin and DNA--nuclear protein complexes.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on thermal denaturation analysis of chromatin and DNA–nuclear protein complexes. A double-stranded nucleic acid after gradual heating denatures at a temperature that is characteristic of the base composition of the nucleic acid and the cation concentration of the medium. This denaturation is easily detected by means of an increase of UV absorption that accompanies the local unwinding of the two strands of the double helix. Thermal denaturation can serve as a convenient method to detect the formation of complexes between nucleic acids and basic molecules. When observations of this type are taken over an extended range of temperatures, the data can be used to characterize even the complicated nucleoproteins of chromatin and to detect modifications from their normal composition. Two types of plot are commonly employed to analyze these thermal transitions: the first is described as a hyperchromicity curve or melting curve and the second is described as a derivative denaturation profile. Both types of graph may be used to examine the broad range of thermally stabilized complexes in chromatin preparations, but the derivative denaturation profile appears to be the more easily interpreted of the two.
On the possibility of the ITER machine to reach ignition

Summary form only given. The present analysis of ITER is based on the known parameters for its operation, i.e., temperature 20 kV decreasing linearly from the center towards the plasma periphery; magnetic field profile: 5 Tesla decreasing towards the plasma periphery with a known relation; particle density: 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/; major radius: 8m; minor radius: 4m. It is assumed that 400 MW of power input are required to bring it toward ignition, and that the reactor works with an efficiency of 30% of conversion energy into electricity. On the basis of the above data and assumptions, it is found that the heat loss from the entire plasma is /spl sim/5/spl times/10/sup 8/ watts. Moreover, it is found that the temperature of the first wall is 40 eV for an energy transfer efficiency a=13.1%, or 60 eV for a=37.5%. When one integrates over the entire volume of the plasma the energy balance, i.e., energy produced by neutrons and alpha particles, and losses by bremsstrahlung and heat, one finds that the machine cannot reach ignition.
Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases of Neurospora. Regulatory and enzymic properties.

Abstract The metabolic regulation of Neurospora crass cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase ( l -malate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) is described. Synthesis of the cytoplasmic isozyme is subject to glucose repression whereas the mitochondrial forms are constitutive. Mycelia upon transfer from glucose to acetate as sole carbon source differentially synthesize cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, other enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, and cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase ( l -aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1). The kinetics of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase synthesis indicate that the apparent increase in activity is 7-fold above the basal level of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity and the absolute increase is several hundred-fold; maximal derepression occurs at the onset of growth on acetate; glucose repression after maximal derepression is not a rapid process; inhibition of derepression by antibiotics indicates that the isozymes are synthesized by cytoplasmic and not mitochondrial ribosomes; mineral starvation does not release glucose repression of either cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or aspartate aminotransferase but leads to gross cytological abnormalities. A purification procedure for the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isozymes is described. The enzymes are demonstrated to differ in stability, ethanol solubility, isoelectric point, kinetics with substrate inhibition, coenzyme and substrate analogs, and inhibition by either low-molecular-weight compounds, antiserum, or mitochondrial structural protein. Differential association of the two isozymes of Neurospora and porcine heart with homologous structural protein is described.
Modeling of electron time variations in the radiation belts

A review of the temporal variation in the trapped electron population of the inner and outer radiation zones is presented. Techniques presently used for modeling these zones are discussed and their deficiencies identified. An intermediate region is indicated between the zones in which the present modeling techniques are inadequate due to the magnitude and frequency of magnetic storms. Future trends are examined, and it is suggested that modeling of individual magnetic storms may be required in certain L bands. An analysis of seven magnetic storms is presented, establishing the independence of the depletion time of the storm flux and the storm magnitude. Provisional correlation between the storm magnitude and the Dst index is demonstrated.
Di- and triheteronuclear metal cluster anions containing transition metals

Preparation, reactions, spectres RMN de Na 5 [L 2 PtTlSn 8 ] et Na 5 [L 2 PdTlSn 8 ], avec LIPPh 3
The Cultural Meanings of Money The Case of Latinos and Anglo-americans

This article discusses meanings of money, both concrete and symbolic, based on cultural differences between Roman Catholic, working class Latino (Mexicans, Cubans, etc.) and White, middle-class, Protestant Anglo-American ideals. The differences are discussed within several themes. These topical themes are: individualism and collectivism; focusing on family rituals; spending on gifts, favors and interest-free loans; culture, money and social class as tied to cash and credit economies; cultural balance of work and leisure; religious beliefs, locus of control and obligations towards self or others; traditional and egalitarian marital gender roles. These cultural constructions and preferences influence perceptions, attitudes, and uses of money in these ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
An Unusual Complication of Three-Patch Repair of Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis

Three-patch repair of supravalvar aortic stenosis is a widely accepted surgical approach for this congenital heart lesion. We describe an unusual complication of this approach, which resulted in ischemia in the left anterior coronary artery distribution. Subtle oversizing of the left sinus of Valsalva patch led to kinking of the origin of the left anterior descending artery; the circumflex artery was not affected. Sinus of Valsalva reconstruction and reimplantation of the left coronary button restored normal coronary perfusion.