cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Predominant Nonlinear Response of the Extratropical Atmosphere to Meridional Shifts of the Gulf Stream

AbstractThe North Atlantic atmospheric circulation response to the meridional shifts of the Gulf Stream (GS) path is examined using a large ensemble of high-resolution hemispheric-scale Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations. The model is forced with a broad range of wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies derived from a lag regression on a GS index. The primary result of the model experiments, supported in part by an independent analysis of a reanalysis dataset, is that the large-scale quasi-steady North Atlantic circulation response is remarkably nonlinear about the sign and amplitude of the SST anomaly chosen over a wide range of GS shift scenarios. The nonlinear response prevails over the weak linear response and resembles the negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the leading intrinsic mode of variability in the model and the observations. Further analysis of the associated dynamics reveals that the nonlinear responses are accompanied by the shift of the North Atlantic eddy...
Transverse shaking table test of a half-scale geosynthetic reinforced soil bridge abutment

This paper presents a half-scale shaking table study on the response of a geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment subjected to shaking in the direction transverse to the bridge beam. The specimen geometry, reinforcement stiffness, soil modulus, bridge surcharge stress, and characteristics of the earthquake motions were scaled according to established similitude relationships for shaking table tests in a 1g gravitational field. The GRS bridge abutment was constructed using modular facing blocks, well-graded angular sand, and uniaxial geogrid reinforcement in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The facing displacements, bridge seat settlements, accelerations, vertical and lateral stresses, reinforcement strains, and bridge seat and bridge beam interactions were measured during a series of input motions. The average incremental residual bridge seat settlement was 4.7 mm after the Northridge motion, which corresponds to a vertical strain of 0.22% for the lower GRS wall. After the serie...
Comparative effectiveness of nonsurgical therapies for localized hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

425Background: Data guiding selection of optimal nonsurgical therapies for management of localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. Because there are limited prospective comparative data...
Background and Methods

Much of the general background for the study that will be described in this monograph has been presented in chapters 1 and 2. In the first part of this chapter, the background for the specific questions that we addressed will be sketched. These include: (1) What is the prevalence of mood disorders during pregnancy and the Puerperium relative to nonchild-bearing periods? (2) In what ways do childbearing and nonchildbearing women differ psychologically when followed longitudinally? (3) What factors put women at risk for depression during pregnancy and for the blues and depression after delivery? In the second part of this chapter, the methods that we employed in this study will be outlined.
The Perpetual Dance: Interpreting 'One Country, Two Systems' Through the Lens of Tongbian Dialectics

Characterizing the “One Country, Two Systems” (OCTS) constitutional balance has long been a polarizing exercise. An excellent primer of Hong Kong-based scholarly opinion is presented in Fu Hualing et al.'s Interpreting Hong Kong's Basic Law: The Struggle for Coherence. This article engages with the submission by Robert Morris, entitled “Forcing the Dance: Interpreting the Hong Kong Basic Law Dialectically.” Morris astutely cites Deng Xiaoping’s original application of Marxist dialectical materialism as one method for interpreting OCTS. He seems to apply a distinctly European paradigm, however, ultimately leading him to conclude that Beijing’s goal is “‘to assimilate Hong Kong into the mainland politically, legally, culturally and ideologically,’ using force if necessary, at whatever place may exist there in 2047.” An application of the indigenous strand of Chinese tongbian (通变) dialectics as elucidated by Tian Chenshan seems more proper. Tian asserts that tongbian characterized the Chinese reception of Marxist dialectics by Liang Qichao, Qu Qiubao, and Ai Siqi before coming to fruition in Mao Zedong Thought. As tongbian dialectics reject the Western triad form and emphasize perpetual “continuity through change,” its application to OCTS suggests that Beijing has great theoretical incentive to maximize local autonomy now and into the future.
5 – Advanced hydrogen (H2) gas separation membrane development for power plants

: Advanced H2 membrane technologies have the potential to improve the cost and efficiency of future power plants for H2 production and/or CO2 capture. In this chapter, the types of membrane materials used for hydrogen separation are first presented. Membrane engineering issues follow, with focus on membrane system design and performance. Possible integration schemes of H2 membrane systems in power plants are then discussed. Hydrogen storage and transportation issues are also briefly covered. Finally, future trends and further sources of information are commented upon at the end of the chapter.
Chemical and Biological Investigations of Female Mouse Pheromones

The importance of chemical communication in the reproductive behavior of rodents is well documented. Female mice or rats can modulate the ovarian cycles of other females in their social group through pheromones (Bronson, 1971; McClintock, 1983). The urine of singly caged estrous females (Drickamer, 1982) and of pregnant or lactating female mice (Drickamer and Hoover, 1979; Hoover and Drickamer, 1979) has the capacity to accelerate puberty in young females and to promote estrous in adults. Odors from diestrous female rats shorten the estrous cycle, while odors from proestrous females cause prolongation. In addition, female rats that are in the acyclic state of persistent estrous are capable of inducing a similar state in other females (McClintock and Adler, 1978).
Environmental Influences on the Development of Sympathetic Neurons

Peripheral autonomic ganglia provide an excellent source of neurons for tissue culture. The ganglia represent, in most cases, discrete and easily dissected packets of neurons. These packets contain relatively homogeneous populations of neurons whose neurotransmitter properties are largely known and for which a number of assays, cytochemical, biochemical, and electrophysiological, are readily available. In the case of sympathetic ganglia, the neurons are still relatively immature at birth and therefore amenable to dissociation and culturing. Further, the trophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), for these cells is not only known but can readily be purified in reasonable quantities from a relatively accessible source. All of these advantages have in aggregate allowed the exploitation of a cell culture system for dissociated neurons from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the newborn rat. This system has yielded a number of new insights into neurotransmitter plasticity and stability, multiple neurotransmitter function, and environmental influences on development. The purpose of this review is to summarize what has been learned from this culture system and to briefly describe recent studies aimed at establishing the relevance of these findings to normal development in the intact animal.
Otological Applications of Lasers

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the rationale and instrumentational requirements for laser otological microsurgery, and to review the literature on ablative and analytical applications of lasers as they relate to the ear.
Reconfigurable Hybrid-Switched-Capacitor-Resonant LED Driver for Multiple Mains Voltages

This paper presents a hybrid-switched-capacitor-resonant (HSCR) light-emitting diode (LED) driver based on a stackable switched-capacitor (SC) converter IC rated for 15–20-W applications. Bulky transformers have been replaced with an SC ladder to perform high-efficiency voltage step-down conversion; an $LC$ -resonant output network provides almost lossless current regulation and demonstrates the potential of capacitive galvanic isolation. The integrated SC modules can be stacked in the voltage domain to handle a large range of input voltage ranges that largely exceed the voltage limitation of the medium-voltage-rated 120-V silicon technology. The LED driver demonstrates >91% efficiency over a rectified input dc voltage range from 160 to 180 Vdc with two stacked ICs; using a stack of four ICs >89.6% efficiency is demonstrated over an input range from 320 to 360 Vdc. The LED driver can dim its output power to around 10% of the rated power while maintaining >70% efficiency with a pulsewidth modulation-controlled clock gating circuit.
Bugs and Emotion: A Content Analysis of Quality Assurance Player Feedback

This study uses content analysis to explore how players provide quality assurance (QA) feedback of games in progress. It identifies both the most commonly reported bugs and the bug types that caused the most positive and negative experiences. In doing so, it seeks to build stronger connections between QA and UX research.
Biomechanics in lingual orthodontics: What the future holds

Abstract The field of orthodontics faced a few fundamental pivots since 1800. Edward Angle introduced a systematic approach to treating patients in 1899. Between 1920 and 2000, development of new orthodontic appliances as well as improvements in orthodontics education reshaped orthodontics. Digital technology has changed how orthodontists treat malocclusions in the last two decades. Specifically, advances in digital orthodontics introduced a paradigm shift in lingual orthodontics attracting more orthodontists especially recently graduated practitioners to offer lingual appliances. This review aimed to point out some of important biomechanical factors in lingual orthodontics and to delineate commonalities and contrasts of these factors in clear aligners and labial systems. Highlights of two work in-progress lingual systems were also discussed. One can reason that better understanding of the advantages and challenges associated with lingual systems especially in comparison to clear aligners and labial systems is essential to creating a fully customized orthodontic experience for patients.
Predict Movie Revenue by Sentimental Analysis of Twitter

Social media website (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram) contains rich information about people's preferences. An example is that people often share their thoughts about movies using Twitter. In this paper, we conduct big data analysis using real-time tweets about movies to predict the revenue and success of movies. In particular, we collect a large dataset of tweets (e.g., 20GB) about 50 movies in 30 days. Sentimental analysis is applied on the tweets to examine the users' preferences towards the movies. In addition, a linear regression model that considers the effect of both positive and negative tweets is built to classify the movies into three categories, including lower than average movies, average movies and best seller movies. We use 10 released movies' data to train the model which will be used to predict the success of the rest 40 unreleased movies. The experimental results demonstrate that the movie revenue prediction model is valid. The success of the movie can be accurately predicted using the proposed linear regression model. We also find out that not only positive tweets but also negative tweets can contribute to the success of a movie.
Abstract P4-16-10: Bone health in young women with breast cancer

Introduction: There are limited data and consensus regarding bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring, and management of bone loss in younger women with breast cancer (BC). Adjuvant endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC may include ovarian function suppression (OFS) plus use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for 5-10 years, both of which contribute to bone loss. The WHO risk prediction tool FRAX does not include BC or AI use as independent risk factors in its calculation thus underestimating risk of fracture. This study aims to evaluate current screening and management of bone health in young women with BC. Methods: A retrospective, IRB-approved chart review was performed in consecutive women ≤40 with BC diagnosed at Loyola University Chicago Medical Center between 01/01/2015 and 12/13/17. Demographic data, BC treatment, and factors contributing to secondary causes of bone loss were collected through 4/1/18. A descriptive analysis included summary values for all categorical and continuous risk factors. Results: BC ≤40yrs was identified in 136 women; 18 were excluded due to missing data. The analysis was performed on 118 patients (pts). Mean pt age was 34.6 yrs (SD 4.7). Stage at diagnosis included: stage 0 = 9 (7.6%), stage 1 = 26 (22%), stage 2 = 44 (37.3%), stage 3 = 23 (19.5%), stage 4 = 7 (5.9%), unknown = 9 (7.6%). Seventy-nine (67%) had ER+ BC; 32 (27.1%) had HER2-positive disease. The majority of pts (101, 85.6%) received chemotherapy in their treatment plan. Menopause was documented in 69 (59.0%) pts. Goserelin was used in 31 pts (44.9%), oophorectomy in 17 (24.6%), both in 5 (7.2%). Tamoxifen was used in 44 (55.7%) ER+ pts; 34 (43.0%) received an AI, and 18 (22.8%) received sequential tamoxifen and AI. 25 Hydroxy-Vitamin D (25 OHD) levels were checked in 61 (51.7%); 43 (70.5%) had levels Conclusions: 25 OHD and DXA scans are not routinely checked in younger women diagnosed with BC. Vit D deficiency and evidence of bone loss is prevalent in those pts who do undergo testing. Further research and guidelines are necessary to address management of bone health in young women with BC to minimize future fracture risk and morbidity. Citation Format: Wendell KB, Nadeem S, Martin B, Camacho PM, Albain KS, Robinson P, Lo SS. Bone health in young women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-10.
Androgen production in response to LH is impaired in theca cells from nonovulatory dominant follicles in early-postpartum dairy cows

Most dairy cows develop a dominant follicle within two weeks postpartum, but 60% of these follicles fail to ovulate. In a previous study, we determined that cows destined to ovulate have higher LH pulse frequency and circulating estradiol. The latter characteristic provided a method for distinguishing ovulatory from nonovulatory follicles during development and we found that nonovulatory follicles have lower estradiol and androstenedione in their follicular fluid. We hypothesized that lower LH pulse frequency impairs androgen production by theca cells of nonovulatory cows, reducing their ability to make estradiol. In the present study, we applied our method for predicting follicle fate to collect dominant follicles from predicted ovulatory (n = 7) and nonovulatory (n = 3) follicles. Theca and granulosa cells were separated and cultured in the absence or presence of LH, FSH, and/or testosterone for three days, with daily collection of culture medium for steroid RIAs. Estradiol and progesterone production by granulosa cells were not different between ovulatory and nonovulatory follicles. By contrast, overall androstenedione production by theca cells from ovulatory follicles was significantly higher compared with nonovulatory follicles on all three days of culture and, as culture progressed, theca from nonovulatory follicles had increasingly poorer responses to LH. In the same cultures, the progesterone production by theca cells was similar in ovulatory and nonovulatory groups. In support of our hypothesis, the results show that estradiol production by granulosa cells from nonovulatory follicles is robust when androgen substrate is present, but that thecal androgen production in response to LH is impaired. This suggests that the initial defect in steroidogenesis in dominant follicles that fail to ovulate postpartum is lower production of androgen by theca cells.
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation increases fixational saccades during movement preparation: evidence for impaired preparatory set.

People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit an increase in fixational saccades during the preparatory period prior to target onset in the antisaccade task and this increase is related to an increase in prosaccade errors in the antisaccade task. It was previously shown that bilateral, but not unilateral, subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in people with PD further increases the prosaccade error rate on the antisaccade task. We investigated whether bilateral STN DBS also increases the number of fixational saccades in the preparatory period of the antisaccade task and if this increase in the number of fixational saccades is related to prosaccade errors. We found that: (1) there were a greater number of fixational saccades during the preparatory period of the antisaccade task during bilateral STN DBS compared to no STN DBS (p < 0.001), unilateral STN DBS (p < 0.001), and healthy controls (p = 0.02), and (2) the increase in the number of fixational saccades increased the probability of a prosaccade error for the antisaccade task during bilateral STN DBS (p = 0.005). This association between number of fixational saccades and probability of a prosaccade error was similar across no STN DBS, unilateral stimulation, and healthy controls. In addition, we found that the proportion of express prosaccade errors and prosaccade error latency were similar across stimulation conditions. We propose that bilateral STN DBS disrupts the integrated activity of cortico-basal ganglia-collicular processes underlying antisaccade preparation and that this disruption manifests as an increase in both fixational saccades and prosaccade error rate.
Profiles of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors and their Associations with Alcohol Use and Regular Smoking in Black Adults.

This study aimed to identify the clustering of substance use-related psychosocial risk and protective factors (subgroups) and the differential associations of those subgroups with current alcohol use and regular smoking among Black adults. Data were drawn from 4462 participants (29% Afro Caribbean, 71% African American; median age = 38; 63% female) in a nationally representative study of social, economic, and structural conditions and health in Black Americans. Latent classes, i.e., subgroups, were derived via latent profile analysis with 10 indicators representing social support and religious involvement (support); demands from family and religious community (demands); and socioeconomic and neighborhood factors and racial discrimination (adversity). Frequency of alcohol use and prevalence of regular smoking were compared across classes using regression analyses. Four classes emerged: (1) high support, low demands and adversity; (2) high support and demands, low-moderate adversity; (3) low support and demands, low-moderate adversity; and (4) low support, high demands and adversity. Relative to Class 1, frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking prevalence were significantly higher only in Class 4. Results indicate substantive variations in the clustering of substance use-related psychosocial risk and protective factors in Black adults. Furthermore, they suggest that neither the presence of high demands nor the absence of support alone differentiates likelihood of engaging in frequent alcohol use or regular smoking, but adverse experiences such as racial discrimination may be especially impactful.
Laboratory evaluation of primary immunodeficiency disorders

Abstract The modern recognition of defects in host defense and the dawn of the field of primary immune deficiencies was catalyzed by the advent of instrumentation capable of identifying immunoglobulins. Congenital agammaglobulinemia was originally identified by Colonel Ogden Bruton through the analysis of the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins. Over the past 6+ decades since Bruton's seminal report, advances in understanding and enhanced laboratory tools for evaluating the immune system have led to the identification of an expanding number of immune deficiency disorders (PIDD). At present the diagnosis and management of primary immune deficiencies relies heavily on laboratory analysis of immune cells and proteins. This chapter will discuss typical analytic methods used to study the immune system exclusive of genetic testing, which will be covered in Chapter 5 .
Atypical Atrial Flutter

A 68-year-old man presents with sustained atrial flutter. He has a history of bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement and had undergone two prior ablations for atrial fibrillation and flutter that involved pulmonary vein isolation and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation. He was found to have a reentrant right atrial flutter with a critical isthmus ablated in the CTI region. He also had perimitral flutter that was terminated with ablation at the epicardial lateral mitral annulus via the coronary sinus.
An Atomistic Simulation Based Cohesive Zone Law of Hydrogenated Grain Boundaries of Graphene

The impact of hydrogenation on the fracture toughness and strength of grain boundaries in graphene are studied. Molecular dynamics (MD) modeling are used to extract the traction–separation laws of ...
Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea

Objective: To investigate the relationship between myocardial enzymes, liver function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Methods: The data of 70 children with infectious diarrhea treated in Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, from October 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively studied. The antigen of rotavirus in feces was positive by colloidal gold method. According to the clinical features of biochemical indicators and mental status, the patients were divided into four groups, an acidosis-free group, a mild acidosis group, a moderate acidosis group and a severe acidosis group, in line with acidosis severity. In addition to detecting the hepatic functions of the pediatric patients in the four groups, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfer (ALT) levels, and myocardial enzyme levels (e.g., creatine kinase, or CK, and creatine kinase isoenzyme, or CK-MB), the relationships of hepatic function, myocardial enzyme levels and acidosis severity of the patients with infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection were also analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in sex and age among the four groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the frequency of diarrhea and vomiting (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in creatine kinase, CK-MB, AST and ALT levels in children with metabolic acidosis of different severities. Conclusion: With the aggravation of metabolic acidosis, infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus is characterized by the aggravation of hepatic function and myocardial cells. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325 How to cite this:Zuo NY, Zhang YD, Dong QW, Han LP. Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1366-1370. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Improving Keywords Spotting Performance in Noise with Augmented Dataset from Vocoded Speech

While more and more electronic devices have an on-device speech recognition system, producing and deploying trained models for keyword(s) detection is becoming more and more demanding. The dataset preparation is one of the most challenging and tedious tasks in Keywords Spotting (KWS) since it requires a significant amount of time obtaining raw or segmented audio speeches. In this paper, we proposed a data augmentation strategy using a speech vocoder to artificially generate vocoded speech at different numbers of channels. A trained KWS system was first tested with vocoded speech and it showed consistent performance with studies from human subjects listening to vocoded speeches. Furthermore, the KWS system trained with the augmented dataset showed promising improvement evaluated at+10 dB SNR.
Eigenvectors from Eigenvalues Sparse Principal Component Analysis

We present a novel technique for sparse principal component analysis. This method, named eigenvectors from eigenvalues sparse principal component analysis (EESPCA), is based on the formula for comp...
Magnetic behavior of manganese chloride on Kagome and honeycomb lattices

Abstract The magnetic properties of transparent pink Na2Mn3Cl8 and NaMnCl3 are presented. For both phases, the effective magnetic moments are large, while the Curie-Weiss thetas are below 10 K. The compounds crystallize in the Trigonal R-3m and R-3 space groups, respectively. A Kagome plane of Mn2+ octahedrally coordinated to Cl− is found in Na2Mn3Cl8 and the material has no apparent magnetic ordering above 1.8 K, while the octahedrally coordinated, honeycomb network of Mn2+ in NaMnCl3 orders antiferromagnetically at 6.3 ± 0.2 K. The heat capacity of NaMnCl3 has one transition, consistent with the susceptibility; while Na2Mn3Cl8 exhibits a more complex heat capacity with two peaks, at 0.7 K and 1.2 K. A third, broad peak near 6.2 K in the heat capacity of Na2Mn3Cl8 is problematic but may be due to the intergrowth of domains of NaMnCl3.
What do neural nets and quantum theory tell us about mind and reality

This paper proposes an approach to framing and answering fundamental questions about consciousness. It argues that many of the more theoretical debates about consciousness, such as debates about "when does it begin?", are misplaced and meaningless, in part because "consciousness" as a word has many valid and interesting definitions, and in part because consciousness qua mind or intelligence (the main focus here)is a matter of degree or level, not a binary variable. It proposes that new mathematical work related to functional neural network designs -- designs so functional that they can be used in engineering -- is essential to a functional understanding of intelligence as such, and outlines some key mathematics as of 1999, citing earlier work for more details. Quantum theory is relevant, but not in the simple ways proposed in more popular philosophies.
Innovative ways companies are using design thinking

Purpose – Researchers at the University of Virginia's Darden Business School and the Design Management Institute report on field research into how widely design thinking is being adopted in leading companies and how effectively is it being adapted in a variety of industries. Design/methodology/approach – They interviewed boundary spanners – leaders who operated at the intersection of design and business – in a number of Fortune 100 organizations and focused on ten organizations where design thinking was having an impact on practice. Findings – They found that design thinking was, in fact, also a problem solving process, not just an innovation process. Research limitations/implications – Examples are anecdotal. Practical implications – Learning from design tools – such as, ethnographic interviewing, customer journey mapping and job-to-be-done analysis – encouraged team members to stay involved with the problem long enough to reframe the opportunity. Originality/value – The highest payoff from adopting a de...
The Derrick Bell Reader: Introduction

Published a few years before Derrick Bell's death, The Derrick Bell Reader (NYU Press 2005) contains excerpts of 63 works by or about the much-loved scholar, including an unpublished love poem, a memo to the Harvard law faculty urging the hiring of a black female professor, and Bell's letter of resignation. Following is the book's introduction summarizing Bell's life, career, and thought.
Feasibility of improving cone-beam CT number consistency using a scatter correction algorithm

The study was to explore the feasibility of improving cone-beam CT (CBCT) number (corresponding to the Hounsfield units in computed tomography) consistency using a scatter-correction algorithm, with the aim of using CBCT images for treatment planning with density correction. A scatter correction algorithm was applied to a Varian OBI CBCT and an Elekta XVI CBCT, and was evaluated for improving CBCT number consistency. CBCT numbers of phantom materials were compared between images with and without bolus, which introduced additional scatter, and with and without scatter correction processing. It was observed that CBCT numbers were different in the images with and without bolus in both CBCT studies, and the differences were reduced remarkably after scatter-correction processing. Results showed that CBCT number consistency was significantly improved by use of the scatter-correction algorithm.
«Effective target mass» in proton-nucleon and pion-nucleon inelastic interactions at 16 and 28 GeV/c

Samples of 62 proton-nucleon and 121 pion-nucleon interactions in 28 GeV/c and 16 GeV/c pion beams respectively, were found in nuclear emulsions by following the along-the-track method. The effectivetarget-mass distribution for these events has been obtained from three independent methods. An empirical relation has been derived which could be used for finding the effective target mass from nucleon-nucleon and pion-nucleon interactions from the angular distribution of shower particles produced in these interactions. The distribution of7c (Lorentz factor in the center-of-mass system) is given with a marrow spread and is shown against an effective target mass of individual events. This distribution further supports the results of the above three methods. The inelasticity of these events is also diseussed in the laboratory as well as in the «mirror» system.
The physiological mechanism for sensing nasal airflow: a literature review.

Background Nasal obstruction is a common otolaryngologic complaint, yet the mechanism of sensing airflow is not commonly understood. The objective of this work was to review current knowledge on the physiological mechanism for sensing nasal airflow. Methods Current literature pertaining to nasal sensation to airflow was retrieved using PubMed and Google Scholar searches. Results The primary physiological mechanism that produces the sensation of ample nasal airflow is activation of trigeminal cool thermoreceptors, specifically transient receptor potential melastatin family member 8 (TRPM8), by nasal mucosal cooling. The dynamic change in temperature is ultimately sensed. Nasal mucosal cooling is a result of conductive heat loss, driven by temperature gradient, and evaporative heat loss, driven by humidity gradient. The perception of ample nasal airflow is dependent on the overall nasal surface area stimulated by mucosal cooling, which is mainly governed by air flow patterns. Cool thermoreceptors in the nasal mucosa are connected to the respiratory centers and consequently can alter respiration patterns. Mechanoreceptors do not seem to play a role in sensing nasal airflow. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling could be a valuable objective tool in evaluating patients with nasal congestion. Conclusion Understanding the physiological mechanism of how the nose senses airflow can aid in diagnosing the cause behind patient symptoms, which allows physicians to provide better treatment options for patients. ©2014 ARSAAOA, LLC.
Clovis Blade Technology; Clovis Revisited: New Perspectives on Paleoindian Adaptations from Blackwater Draw, New Mexico; Folsom Lithic Technology: Explorations in Structure and Variation

Clovis Blade Technology. Michael B. Collins. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999. 234 pp. Clovis Revisited: New Perspectives on Paleoindian Adaptations from Blackwater Draw, New Mexico. Anthony T. Boldurian and John L. Cotter. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1999. 145 pp. Folsom Lithic Technology: Explorations in Structure and Variation. Daniel S. Amick. ed. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory, 1999.213 pp.
Potency and stability of extemporaneous nitroglycerin infusions.

The potency and stability of extemporaneous intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) solutions prepared according to methods currently used in three hospitals were studied. Intravenous NTG solutions were prepared and packaged according to three hospitals' protocols. The NTG solutions varied in concentration (32 microgram/ml); source (one of two manufacturers' sublingual NTG tablets or 10% NTG adsorbate in lactose); and storage (ambient room temperature or refrigerated). The concentration of NTG in the i.v. solutions was determined spectrophotometrically. Nitroglycerin was found to be stable for at least 70 days when stored in glass containers, regardless of source, diluent (5% dextrose in water or normal saline) and storage temperature. The loss of NTG from solution, after storage for seven days in plastic i.v. bags, was greater when stored at room temperature (55%) than when refrigerated (30%). Adsorption was shown to be responsible for this phenomenon because intact drug was completely recovered from the plastic i.v. bags after methanol elution. The results of this study allow formulation of recommendations regarding the extemporaneous preparation of i.v. NTG solutions.
Imaging of the salivary glands during stimulation in patients undergoing treatment with radioactive iodine

2057 Objectives Describe the stimulation protocol and baseline findings for the evaluation of salivary glands function in patients undergoing radioiodine treatment. Methods Six patients with history of thyroid cancer and status post thyroidectomy underwent imaging of the salivary glands before radioactive iodine treatment. Each patient received 10 mCi of Tc99m-pertechnetate IV, followed by acquisition of 60 one-sec flow images and 20 one-min images of the anterior projection of the head and neck. Approximately 2 cc of lemon juice were administered into the mouth of the patients, with the instruction to hold it for 10 sec and then swallow. Additional images were then acquired for 20 minutes. Regions of interest (ROIs) of the parotid and submandibular glands, of the mouth and the respective background ROIs were obtained. Time activity curves were obtained for each ROI. Results Immediately after radiotracer administration, we observed increasing tracer accumulation in the major salivary glands, more in the parotid than in the submandibular glands. After lemon juice administration, we observed rapid washout of activity from all salivary glands, with minimum levels reached within 3 to 4 min from the start of stimulation. Washout of activity was greater in the parotid than in the submandibular glands. As the stimulation ended, we observed re-accumulation of activity in the salivary glands, with return to a level of 60-80% of the peak value. In contrast, activity in the mouth started to increase within 1 to 2 minutes from start of stimulation, to reach maximum activity towards the end of the study. Conclusions We have presented an imaging protocol of salivary glands function to be used as baseline assessment of possible salivary glands damage in patients undergoing radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer. At baseline, we observed rapid excretion of activity from the salivary glands following stimulation with lemon juice, followed by a slower trend to return to pre-stimulation values
Buprenorphine: revisiting the efficacy of transdermal delivery system.

Introduction: Buprenorphine is a lipid-soluble pharmaceutic used in the management of chronic pain. It is a partial agonist at μ-opioid receptors, an antagonist at κ-opioid receptors, an agonist at δ-opioid receptors and a partial agonist at ORL-1 (nociceptin) receptors. Methods: An extensive literature search, including Google Scholar and Pubmed database, was conducted. Terms including and associated to ‘efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine’ were utilized to procure contemporary research articles in order to evaluate and compare the transdermal buprenorphine patch to commonly used traditional pain management medications. Results: Transdermal buprenorphine has demonstrated better efficacy than conventional pain management pharmacotherapies. Side effects were similar to those associated with other opioids and included headache, dizziness, somnolence, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, pruritus and erythema. Similar to transdermal delivery systems used with other medication, transdermal buprenorphi...
Dynamic security margin estimation using artificial neural networks

This paper focuses on transient stability. Two dynamics problems, i.e., transient stability and voltage collapse, should be considered when performing a dynamic security study. Transient stability assessment is a major concern in the DSA for multi-machine power systems. Particularly, a fault on the system or a loss of a large generator can give rise to large electromechanical oscillations between generating units, which might lead to loss of synchronism in the system. For the voltage stability problem, it is associated with the increased loading of long transmission lines and insufficient local reactive power supply. These types of phenomena are characterized by a voltage drop gradual at first, and then collapse. The time interval of the slow voltage decay phase typically is in between 1 to 10 minutes, which is adequate for the operator to exercise the corrective action.
Accessing Housing: Exploring the Impact of Medical and Substance Abuse Services on Housing Attainment for Chronically Homeless Street Dwellers

This mixed-methods study addresses transitions out of homelessness associated with medical and substance abuse service use for a unique cohort of 174 chronically homeless street dwellers at risk of death. Multi-nominal and survival analyses indicate that high-risk women, white street dwellers, older individuals, and those with health insurance coverage had greater odds of leaving the streets. Thouh high-risk street dwellers used health services extensively, medical and substance abuse treatments did not impact positive housing outcomes, except for extended stays at homeless respite care. Policy implications include the need for increasing affordable housing options and integrating housing services into any type of health services for chronically homeless street dwellers.
Space-charge-limited conduction in neodymium oxide thin films

Abstract The electrical charge transport in amorphous Nd2O3 thin films obtained by electron beam evaporation was investigated. The current-voltage characteristics show that after an initial ohmic regime, in which the current conduction is due to hopping of the carriers between localized sites, a space-charge-limited current sets in, which is characterized by distributed trap levels. The energy distribution of these traps in the band gap can be described by an exponential increase in density towards the conduction band of the insulator.
Where To Draw the Line against Cholesterol

Excerpt There is no dearth of advice for physicians who endeavor to detect and treat hypercholesterolemia in asymptomatic adults. The Toronto Working Group on Cholesterol Policy recently added yet ...
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of an Osmium Aquo Complex on a Self-Assembled Monolayer on Gold

A one-electron, one-proton (1e1H) redox couple based in an osmium aquo complex is attached to a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiol on a gold electrode. The formal potential behavior of the Os aquo complex exhibits the expected pH dependence for a 1e1H system. The thermodynamic parameters are a formal potential of +0.30 V vs SCE for [Os(II/III)(H2O)], a formal potential of −0.11 V vs SCE for [Os(II/III)(OH)], a pKa of 2.4 for [Os(III)(H2O/OH)], and a pKa of 9.3 for [Os(II)(H2O/OH)]. A stepwise electron−proton transfer model, widely used in the electrochemical literature, predicts the effects of pH and overpotential on the kinetics of charge transfer for the 1e1H system. The kinetic behavior of the Os aquo complex deviates substantially from the predictions of the stepwise model. In particular, the standard rate constant and the transfer coefficient at zero overpotential are nearly independent of pH over the pH range at which proton-coupled electron transfer occurs, and Tafel plots are asymmetrical (st...
A global, real-time flood monitoring model

Floods kill thousands of people and cause billions of dollars in damage each year, and many floods occur in areas of the world that lack resources for flood monitoring and forecasting systems. Wu et al. report on an experimental real-time global flood monitoring system that employs a widely used land surface model coupled with a hierarchical dominant river tracing-based runoff routing model and satellite-based precipitation data to provide streamflow and flood detection/estimation information over most of the globe every 3 hours.
Methionine Aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Novel Antimycobacterial Targets

Summary Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a metalloprotease that removes the N-terminal methionine during protein synthesis. To assess the importance of the two MetAPs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , we overexpressed and purified each of the MetAPs to near homogeneity and showed that both were active as MetAP enzymes in vitro. We screened a library of 175,000 compounds against Mt MetAP1c and identified 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone class of compounds as inhibitors of both Mt MetAPs. It was found that the Mt MetAP inhibitors were active against replicating and aged nongrowing M. tuberculosis . Overexpression of either Mt MetAP1a or Mt MetAP1c in M. tuberculosis conferred resistance of bacterial cells to the inhibitors. Moreover, knockdown of Mt MetAP1a, but not Mt MetAP1c, resulted in decreased viability of M. tuberculosis . These results suggest that Mt MetAP1a is a promising target for developing antituberculosis agents.
Quantitation of biliary excretion of drugs in man.

An experimental model was developed to allow extended investigation (up to 3 days) of the kinetics of upper gastrointestinal elimination (including enterohepatic recirculation) of drugs or metabolites in normal subjects under near physiologic conditions. The test drug (100 mg carprofen) was given by mouth or through a triple-lumen nasogastric tube to the upper duodenum to three normal subjects. The amounts of drug and metabolite passing the gastrointestinal aspiration port for each time interval were calculated from the concentrations measured in the aspirate using dual nonabsorbable markers and continuous sampling and reinfusion of intestinal fluids. Crossover studies without intubation in the same subjects and comparisons to historical controls demonstrated that the intubation procedure did not affect normal kinetic data obtained from conventional blood and urine specimens. The model permits direct comparison of gastrointestinal-biliary clearance with renal and with total body clearance and is particularly useful in resolving kinetic questions of gastrointestinal-biliary excretion or recirculation of metabolites when a drug must be taken by mouth. Potential first-pass phenomena may also be investigated by means of incremental gastrointestinal clearance values. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 31, 187–194; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.30
Szasz Analytic Functions and Noncompact Kähler Toric Manifolds

We show that the classical Szasz analytic function SN(f)(x) is obtained by applying the pseudo-differential operator f(N−1Dθ) to the Bergman kernels for the Bargmann–Fock space. The expression generalizes immediately to any smooth polarized noncompact complete toric Kahler manifold, defining the generalized Szasz analytic function \(S_{h^{N}}(f)(x)\). About \(S_{h^{N}}(f)(x)\), we prove that it admits complete asymptotics and there exists a universal scaling limit. As an example, we will further compute \(S_{h^{N}}(f)(x)\) for the Bergman metric on the unit ball.
Voltage Sensor of Kv1.2: Structural Basis of Electromechanical Coupling

Voltage-dependent ion channels contain voltage sensors that allow them to switch between nonconductive and conductive states over the narrow range of a few hundredths of a volt. We investigated the mechanism by which these channels sense cell membrane voltage by determining the x-ray crystal structure of a mammalian Shaker family potassium ion (K+) channel. The voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv1.2 grew three-dimensional crystals, with an internal arrangement that left the voltage sensors in an apparently native conformation, allowing us to reach three important conclusions. First, the voltage sensors are essentially independent domains inside the membrane. Second, they perform mechanical work on the pore through the S4-S5 linker helices, which are positioned to constrict or dilate the S6 inner helices of the pore. Third, in the open conformation, two of the four conserved Arg residues on S4 are on a lipid-facing surface and two are buried in the voltage sensor. The structure offers a simple picture of how membrane voltage influences the open probability of the channel.
n-Dodecane reforming over monolith-based Ni catalysts: SEM study of axial carbon distribution profile

The extent and nature of carbon deposition that occurs during catalytic reforming reactions of hydrocarbons depends strongly on the reaction conditions and the surface properties of the catalyst. In conventional packed bed reactors it is difficult to track the spatial distribution of carbon and link it to the location of individual catalyst particles. The present work uses monolith-based nickel catalysts to investigate the axial carbon gradient post n-dodecane reforming. The carbon, which was deposited during autothermal reforming (ATR), partial oxidation (POX), and steam reforming (SR) over Ni/cerium-zirconium oxide (CZO)/monolith and Ni/monolith catalysts, was characterized by a combination of temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The amount, location, and type of carbon deposited strongly depended on the type of reforming reaction. The majority of carbon deposition was concentrated inside cordierite pores of the monolith. In general, the catalysts showed the expected trend of increased filamentous carbon deposition down the length of the monolith, reflecting the axial variation in temperature and oxygen concentration, except for POX over Ni/monolith catalyst where massive coating carbon deposition occurred in the upstream section of the monolith.
Speech anxiety: Towards a theoretical conceptualization and preliminary scale development

Anxiety experienced while in a public speaking situation (speech anxiety) is discussed within the framework of Trait‐State Anxiety Theory. Speech anxiety may be considered a dispositional variable designed to measure individual differences in speech anxiety proneness (Speech A‐Trait) or a measure of anxiety experienced during a particular speech (Speech A‐State). Physiological and behavioral measures of speech anxiety are typically viewed as A‐State measures. Self‐report indices may be considered either state or trait anxiety measures depending on the context in which the measures were obtained. The development of a scale to measure both Speech A‐State and Speech A‐Trait, including initial normative, reliability, and validity data, is reported.