cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surface and column measurements of aerosol scattering properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

Abstract. Light scattering by size-resolved aerosols in near-surface air at Tudor Hill, Bermuda, was measured between January and June 2009. Vertical distributions of aerosol backscattering and column-averaged aerosol optical properties were characterized in parallel with a micro-pulse lidar (MPL) and an automated sun–sky radiometer. Comparisons were made between extensive aerosol parameters in the column, such as the lidar-retrieved extinction at 400 m and the aerosol optical depth (AOD), and scattering was measured with a surface nephelometer. Comparisons were also made for intensive parameters such as the Angstrom exponent and calculations using AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)-derived aerosol physical parameters (size distribution, index of refraction) and Mie theory, and the ratio of submicron scattering to total scattering for size-segregated nephelometer measurements. In these comparisons the r2 was generally around 0.50. Data were also evaluated based on back trajectories. The correlation between surface scattering and lidar extinction was highest for flows when the surface scattering was dominated by smaller particles and the flow had a longer footprint over land then over the ocean. The correlation of AOD with surface scatter was similar for all flow regimes. There was also no clear dependence of the atmospheric lapse rate, as determined from a nearby radiosonde station, on flow regime. The Angstrom exponent for most flow regimes was 0.9–1.0, but for the case of air originating from North America, but with significant time over the ocean, the Angstrom exponent was 0.57 ± 0.18. The submicron fraction of aerosol near the surface (Rsub-surf) was significantly greater for the flows from land (0.66 ± 0.11) than for the flows which spent more time over the ocean (0.40 ± 0.05). When comparing Rsub-surf and the column-integrated submicron scattering fraction, Rsub-col, the correlation was similar, r2 = 0.50, but Rsub-surf was generally less than Rsub-col, indicating more large particles contributing to light scattering at the surface, contrary to conditions over continents and for polluted continental transport over the ocean. In general, though, the marginal correlations indicate that the column optical properties are weakly correlated with the surface optical measurements. Thus, if it is desired to associate aerosol chemical/physical properties with their optical properties, it is best to use optical and chemical/physical measurements with both collected at the surface or both collected in the column.
Do nonlinearity, firm-specific coefficients, and losses represent distinct factors in the relation between stock returns and accounting earnings?

Abstract Recent studies have provided theory and evidence that the contemporaneous relation between stock returns and accounting earnings is nonlinear, different for profits and losses, and different across firms. Since each factor can result from differences in earnings persistence, existing theory is ambiguous as to whether these factors are distinct or overlapping. Thus, we conduct a simultaneous examination. Our primary tests show that each factor explains a significant portion of the variance of returns after controlling for the other two factors, with firm-specific estimation providing the largest incremental explanatory power. Alternative tests produce similar conclusions. Empirically, the three factors are distinct.
Embedded "wh"-Questions in L2 English in India: Inversion as a Main Clause Phenomenon.

This corpus study brings a second language (L2) research perspective, insights from generative grammar, and new empirical evidence to bear on a long-accepted claim in the World Englishes literature—namely, that inversion with wh-movement in colloquial Indian English is obligatory in embedded clauses and impossible in main clauses. It is argued that this register of Indian English is a L2 variety, functioning as part of a multilingual code repertoire, but that syntactic universals apply to first and second languages alike. Despite recent attempts at formalization, this distribution should be unattested, as such a grammar would fall outside the constraints of Universal Grammar and would contradict proposed discourse-pragmatic principles of natural language. A Perl program was created to search the Indian subcorpus of the International Corpus of English (Greenbaum, 1996) for relevant distributional patterns. Results reveal that wh-inversion in Indian English operates in the same way as in other varieties: It is robustly attested in main clauses and appears only occasionally in embedded clauses where syntactic and pragmatic conditions allow; it is obligatory only with interrogative complementizer deletion. Thus, contrary to the standard account but commensurate with recent corpus studies, users of English in India exhibit knowledge of universal constraints in this domain.
Foreign Currency Translation Method Choice: Insights From Game Theory

This paper utilizes a game-theoretical framework to analyze managerial behavior in the context of choosing foreign currency translation methods. The aforementioned problem can be constructed as a model of decision-making under uncertainty. The results of this analysis are as follows: adopt the current rate method when managerial compensation is a function of reported accounting earnings; conversely the temporal method should be employed when managerial compensation takes the form of stock options.
The Use of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Military Institution.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a single institution's experience after initiation of a protocol in which all primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients were administered intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) intraoperatively to decrease perioperative blood loss. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records at a single institution from February 2012 to April 2014. The TXA treatment group was compared to a control group. We reviewed intraoperative blood loss, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels, postoperative day 0 to 2 Hb levels, transfusion rates, postoperative venous thromboembolism, and other complication rates. Results: 259 patients underwent either TKA (165) or THA (94). 121 received perioperative intravenous TXA and 138 did not. There was a statistically decreased rate of allogeneic blood transfusion (0 vs. 10, p = 0.003) as well as a higher postoperative day 2 Hb level (10.8 ± 1.1 vs. 10.2 ± 2.6 g/dL, p = 0.02) in the treatment group. There was no statistical ...
Pretreatment with bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media confers pulmonary ischemic tolerance

Abstract Objective Mesenchymal stromal cell–based therapies have demonstrated efficacy in treating a variety of diseases. Despite the potential benefits, there are still significant hurdles that need to be overcome for clinical use. We describe a cell-free–based immunotherapy approach for inducing pulmonary ischemic tolerance by using mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media. Methods In our well-established lung ischemia–reperfusion model, we pretreated with mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media 30 minutes before injury. To determine the degree of lung injury, we assessed for changes in lung vascular permeability, proinflammatory cytokines and cellular infiltrates in bronchoalveolar lavage, and histopathology. Macrophage and T-cell subsets were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Pretreatment with mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media conferred protection against lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. This protection is characterized by a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, a decrease in infiltrating inflammatory cells, and increases in M2-like macrophages and regulatory T cells. Conclusions Cell-free mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media therapy confers pulmonary ischemic tolerance. This therapy uses paracrine factors that provide beneficial protective effects by immunomodulating the inflammatory response in resident and infiltrating cell subsets.
Combined duodenal and jejunal atresia forming a bile filled cyst, presenting as an abdominal mass: A case report and review of the literature

The simultaneous occurrence of duodenal and jejunoileal atresia in the newborn is very rare. This is not surprising considering the unrelated embryogenesis behind the development of the two congenital anomalies. We present a case of duodenal atresia associated with an apple peel jejunoileal atresia in a newborn presenting with a prenatal diagnosis of an abdominal cystic mass and a palpable abdominal mass at birth. Exploration revealed a type 3 duodenal atresia followed by a type 3b proximal jejunal atresia (apple peel configuration), with a dilated short segment of bowel between the two. This segment of bowel was the cystic structure detected prenatally and preoperatively on exam. Double foregut atresias should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right upper quadrant cystic masses in the newborn period.
Identifying employer perceptions of recognised DM practice domains

In the United States, workers’ compensation law is state-specific, and employee benefits including health care costs are born primarily by the employer. In response to cost increases in medical treatment and absences due to illnesses and injuries occupational or non-occupational, the practice of Disability Management (DM) has continued to evolve. The purpose of Disability Management is to reduce the incidents of employee absences, whether due to illness, injury, or other causes. There is a distinct paucity of meaningful analyses of the history and emerging evidences in the DM field. As a more integrated approach to disability management, both a theoretical understanding and an evidence-based practice is sought by each stakeholder in order to structure the evolution of practice and to document consistent ROI metrics. Theoretical underpinnings, historical evolution of disability and absence management, and specific evidence-based trends emerging in the field form the foundation of these standards. This study is a workplace approach that begins to define standards of practice to integrate disability management, health and wellness, and absence management. The purpose of this study is to collect data to comprehend how employers perceive their own awareness, importance, and feelings of preparedness pertaining to the primary practice domains identified in DM. This data will be obtained through an electronic survey using rating scales with an online questionnaire which will include descriptive and ex post facto design components. The survey items were developed by these authors in collaboration with other colleagues known in the field of Disability Management. Descriptive statistics will be computed for the employer participants characteristics based upon the demographic portion of the online questionnaire. The population of interest in this study is national or international employer(s) that have deployed or interested to develop Disability Management program(s) at their worksite(s). The specific type of employees/partners with these employers include: Occupational Health Practitioners, Department Heads and Supervisors, Human Resources personnel and Risk Management/Safety Personnel. The findings from this study will help identify employer perceptions of recognized DM practice domains, identify potential training needs of employers, and assist in developing standards of practice approach to workplace disability, health/wellness, and absence management, and DM educational standards. In addition, employers will be able identify their position on the continuum of the model disability management that evolves to engage practices integrating health and wellness, absence management, and productivity management. Maturation benchmarks will place the employer in a continuous improvement mode towards a workplace with a healthier workforce in a healthier community. Information will also be beneficial to the literature, and capacity development of students and practitioners in the field of Disability Management.
The FDA's Experience with Emerging Genomics Technologies-Past, Present, and Future.

The rapid advancement of emerging genomics technologies and their application for assessing safety and efficacy of FDA-regulated products require a high standard of reliability and robustness supporting regulatory decision-making in the FDA. To facilitate the regulatory application, the FDA implemented a novel data submission program, Voluntary Genomics Data Submission (VGDS), and also to engage the stakeholders. As part of the endeavor, for the past 10 years, the FDA has led an international consortium of regulatory agencies, academia, pharmaceutical companies, and genomics platform providers, which was named MicroArray Quality Control Consortium (MAQC), to address issues such as reproducibility, precision, specificity/sensitivity, and data interpretation. Three projects have been completed so far assessing these genomics technologies: gene expression microarrays, whole genome genotyping arrays, and whole transcriptome sequencing (i.e., RNA-seq). The resultant studies provide the basic parameters for fit-for-purpose application of these new data streams in regulatory environments, and the solutions have been made available to the public through peer-reviewed publications. The latest MAQC project is also called the SEquencing Quality Control (SEQC) project focused on next-generation sequencing. Using reference samples with built-in controls, SEQC studies have demonstrated that relative gene expression can be measured accurately and reliably across laboratories and RNA-seq platforms. Besides prediction performance comparable to microarrays in clinical settings and safety assessments, RNA-seq is shown to have better sensitivity for low expression and reveal novel transcriptomic features. Future effort of MAQC will be focused on quality control of whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing.
Low power data-aware STT-RAM based hybrid cache architecture

Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) occupy a large area of today's microprocessors, and are a prime source of leakage power in highly scaled technologies. Low leakage and high density Spin-Transfer Torque RAMs (STT-RAMs) are ideal candidates for a power-efficient memory. However, STT-RAM suffers from high write energy and latency, especially when writing ‘one’ data. In this paper we propose a novel data-aware hybrid STT-RAM/SRAM cache architecture which stores data in the two partitions based on their bit counts. To exploit the new resultant data distribution in the SRAM partition, we employ an asymmetric low-power 5T-SRAM structure which has high reliability for majority ‘one’ data. The proposed design significantly reduces the number of writes and hence dynamic energy in both STT-RAM and SRAM partitions. We employed a write cache policy and a small swap memory to control data migration between cache partitions. Our evaluation on UltraSPARC-III processor shows that utilizing STT-RAM/6T-SRAM and STT-RAM/5T-SRAM architectures for the L2 cache results in 42% and 53% energy efficiency, 9.3% and 9.1% performance improvement and 16.9% and 20.3% area efficiency respectively, with respect to SRAM-based cache running SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks.
Curried English: Flawed Fluency, Markedness, and Diglossia in Brick Lane

The power of linguistic exhibitionism is most apparent in Brick Lane, a novel which successfully transliterates a mainly monolingual, Bengali-speaking, protagonist’s transmigratory and metaphoric transposition from the parochial world of a peripherally positioned Bangladeshi village to the cosmopolitan centeredness of London. This linguistic and thematic destination point is evoked not in Bengali per se, but in English. There are only a few linguistic hints that the entire novel is in fact wholly and entirely author-translated. In probably one of the most astute uses of 21st century linguistic exhibitionism, Monica Ali successfully delivers a Bengali novel—not with multilingualism per se, but rather, with monolingualism. The brilliance of Ali’s linguistic exhibitionism lies in the minimal Bengali intrusions made on Anglophone readers. In Brick Lane, we encounter how “the materiality of translation” (Bertacco 2014: 1) itself ultimately functions to assert the normative power of monolinguality, indeed, of prowess and proficiency in English. This, in spite of copious textual evidence to the contrary—that the novel’s unfolding action really occurs in Bengali. Access to English while peripheral to central characters and thus, a ‘marked’ language in a linguistic sense, in the hands of Monica Ali, emerges unmarked, forefronted, and prominent both—formally and thematically.
Ignition of Gases and Vapors by Electrical Means

Chapter 3 considered the development of an incipient flame ball into a self-propagating combustion wave, assuming that an ideal source injects sufficient energy at the center of the flame sphere.
Time-induced partial discharge breakdown in laminate structures

Insulating materials play a key role in the design and reliable performance of high voltage power equipment. It is well known that most of the failure in electrical apparatus occurs due to electrical breakdown of the insulating medium. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the failure of the electrical insulation, especially under long-term exposure to high electric fields, and developing techniques to improve reliability of these materials is important for the design of efficient high voltage systems.
Book Review: Higher Education, Leadership and Women Vice Chancellors

The paucity of women leaders in higher education continues despite advancement by women in other fronts of the educational pipeline. Today, more women are attending and graduating from college in the United States, but something occurs en route to the top-level leadership positions in these same college settings. The portrait of college leaders continues to consist of White men, as it has since the initial founding of universities. Paula Burkinshaw analyzes the situation of the missing women leaders in the United Kingdom, specifically in the position of Vice Chancellor. Burkinshaw’s long career in leadership development in university settings initially provided her with an awareness of the underrepresentation of women in top leadership positions. As she began her doctoral studies, she had an opportunity to ask “where are the women?” Her book builds on her dissertation research, which involved one-on-one interviews with 18 women who were vice chancellors.
Effect of basal insulin dosage on blood glucose concentration in ambulatory surgery patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Study objective Among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, perioperative hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia may cause undesirable symptoms, surgery delay or cancellation, or unexpected hospitalization. Our objective was to compare preoperative glargine dosing regimens on perioperative glycemic control in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Design Observational study. Setting Pre- and postoperative holding areas. Patients One hundred fifty patients with type 2 diabetes using a once daily, evening insulin glargine regimen undergoing ambulatory surgery were included. Interventions None. Measurements To conduct the analysis, patients were divided into four groups based on the percentage of normal evening glargine dose taken. Group 1 took no glargine. Group 2 took 33%-57%. Group 3 took 60%-87% and Group 4 took 100% of their normal dose. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in each group with blood glucose in the target range (100-180 mg/dL), and the incidence of hypoglycemia (defined as BG Main results Group 3 had the highest proportion (78%) of patients within target range ( P P =.01). Patients in Group 3 were significantly more likely to achieve target blood glucose than patients in either Group 1 ( P =.001) or Group 4 ( P =.002). Conclusions Our study shows that the percent of normal insulin dose given the evening before surgery directly impacts perioperative glucose levels in ambulatory surgery patients. Patients taking 60%-87% of their usual dose the evening before surgery were likely to arrive in target blood glucose range with decreased risk for hypoglycemia. The mean and mode dose taken in Group 3 were 73% and 75%, respectively, suggesting that the optimal dose may be 75% of normal dose.
Spectrum of Xanthogranulomatous Processes in the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Pictorial Review of Infectious, Inflammatory, and Proliferative Responses.

OBJECTIVE. Xanthogranulomatous (XG) processes are rare inflammatory conditions with the characteristic pathologic feature of lipid-laden macrophages or histiocyte cells. Imaging findings are nonspecific and can simulate aggressive neoplastic processes. XG processes can be caused by infection, inflammation, histolytic process, or an inherited lysosomal disorder. XG infectious processes are mainly seen in cholecystitis and pyelonephritis, but several other organs can also be involved. Histiocytic processes can be divided into Langerhans and non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis entities include Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The inherited lysosomal disorders resulting in XG processes include Nieman-Pick, Gaucher, and other lysosomal storage disorders. CONCLUSION. Radiologists need to be able to recognize features of xanthogranulomatous processes to help facilitate patient management.
Imaging of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare stromal neoplasm that accounts for 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas.1 It is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Before the advent of immunohistologic methods, most spindle cell sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract were considered to be leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas, with occasional examples of neurogenic tumors. GIST defines a distinct group of gastrointestinal tumors that originate from the intestinal cells of Cajal. These cells act as regulators of bowel peristalsis and therefore are also called pacemaker cells. Cajal cells normally express cKIT (CD 117), which is a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. This cKIT immunoreactivity is the best defining feature of GISTs, distinguishing them from true smooth muscle tumors (i.e., leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) and tumors arising from neural crest derivatives (i.e., schwannomas and neurofibromas); this is considered the most specific criterion for the diagnosis of GIST. In addition, targeting the cKIT receptor with a cKIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor [STI-571, imatinib (gleevec); Novartis, Basel, Switzerland] has been successfully utilized in treating patients with GIST
Otitis Media and Otitis Interna: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Medical Management

In this article, the etiologies, clinical signs, diagnostic aids, and treatments for otitis media and interna are discussed. A review of the anatomy and physiology of the middle and inner ear structures precedes each discussion.
The rs626283 Variant in the MBOAT7 Gene is Associated with Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver in Caucasian Obese Youth.

OBJECTIVES:Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver damage in childhood, its occurrence is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recently, the rs626283 polymorphism in theMBOAT7gene has been found to be associated with alcoholic liver disease and NAFLD in adul
Optimum Detection of Ureaplasma in Premature Infants.

BACKGROUND Ureaplasma spp. is a known risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. Emerging research suggests treatment with azithromycin or clarithromycin in the first days of life (DOLs) reduces bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Ureaplasma spp. positive infants. Side effects of these antibiotics make it imperative to optimize reliable noninvasive screening procedures to identify infants who would benefit from treatment. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the best site and time to screen for Ureaplasma spp. in 24- to 34-week premature infants. Oral, nasal, gastric and tracheal cultures were collected and placed immediately in 10B broth media. Polymerase chain reaction verified culture results and identified the Ureaplasma spp. RESULTS Cultures yielded a Ureaplasma spp. incidence of 80/168 = 47.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 40-56]. Nasal cultures had greater sensitivity to detect Ureaplasma spp. than oral cultures (P = 0.008): however, a significant proportion of infants with Ureaplasma spp. would have been missed (12/79 = 15.2%, 95% CI: 8%-25%, P < 0.001) if oral cultures were not obtained. For all sites, the collection at DOL 7-10 were more likely to be positive than the collection at DOL 1-2: however, a significant proportion (5/77 = 6.5%, 95% CI: 2-15, P < 0.001) of infants with Ureaplasma spp. would have been missed if the DOL 1-2 cultures were not obtained. CONCLUSIONS For optimal Ureaplasma spp. detection in 24- to 34-week premature infants, cultures need to be taken both early and late in the first 10 DOLs both from nasal and oral secretions.
Comparative study of spectral matched filter, constrained energy minimization, and adaptive coherence estimator for subpixel target detection based on hyperspectral imaging

This paper evaluates the detection performance of the three subpixel target detection algorithms based on the spectral signature of a target. Three subpixel target detection algorithms, Adaptive Coherence Estimator (ACE), Spectral Matched Filter (SMF), and Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) are evaluated and compared using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) spaced RIT Avon12 hyperspectral dataset. The performance of the three detectors is evaluated by generating the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curves are generated by uploading the detection statistics image produced by the three detectors to the Data and Algorithm Standard Evaluation ( DASE) Website of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society(GRSS) . Finally, we note the Area Under Curve (AUC) as the proposed utility metric value to evaluate the performance of the three detectors. The AUCs of the ROC curve produced by the ACE, CEM, and SMF are 94.0 %, 93.9 %, and 87.2 % respectively.
External Port Tissue Expansion in the Pediatric Population: Confirming Its Safety and Efficacy.

Background External filling ports in tissue expander-based reconstruction have the advantages of being associated with less pain and emotional distress. However, among practicing surgeons using tissue expansion, a theoretical concern remains regarding higher risk of infection. The authors' goal was to evaluate external port safety in the pediatric population by looking at the complications and overall success rate of reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing tissue expansion using external ports at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between January of 2008 and June of 2016 was conducted. Patient demographic and perioperative data were collected and analyzed. Results Two hundred forty-one expanders were placed in 100 pediatric patients, resulting in 123 procedures for congenital and acquired conditions, with an average age at the time of surgery of 7.1 years (range, 1 month to 19.9 years) and average follow-up length of 2.5 years (range, 2.8 months to 8.8 years). The overall complication rate was 29.9 percent, and the infection rate was 17 percent. The majority of these cases were treated conservatively without additional need for surgery. Of 123 cases, 25 required premature expander removal because of complications. Despite early intervention, 21 of these cases underwent successful completion of their reconstruction according to the preoperative plan, resulting in an overall 96.7 percent success rate of tissue expander reconstruction. Conclusions In children, who are often less tolerant of the pain and distress associated with internal port expansion, the authors encourage the use of external ports. This study found a high success rate in terms of successful reconstruction, with the majority of complications being treated conservatively. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, IV.
Just-in-case scheduling

This paper presents an algorithm, called Just-In-Case Scheduling, for building robust schedules that tend not to break. The algorithm implements the common sense idea of being prepared for likely errors, just in case they should occur. The Just-In-Case algorithm analyzes a given nominal schedule, determines the most likely break, and reinvokes a scheduler to generate a contingent schedule to cover that break. After a number of iterations, the Just-In-Case algorithm produces a "multiply contingent" schedule that is more robust than the original nominal schedule. The algorithm has been developed for a real telescope scheduling domain in order to proactively manage schedule breaks that are due to an inherent uncertainty in observation durations. The paper presents empirical results showing that the algorithm performs extremely well on a representative problem from this domain.
Ramsey as Trellis

Under the guise of a personal reminiscence, in the late William Bartholome’s essay we have a powerful critique of the absence of an ethics of care in academic and clinical discussions of moral reasoning. As such, Bartholome’s reflections profoundly anticipate contemporary feminist critiques by the likes of Carol Gilligan and Annete Baier. Bartholome, a vocal advocate of Infant Bioethics Committees, also uncannily anticipates the very recent attention to the role of committees in the sphere of hospital decision-making. Worth noting as well is Bartholome’s account of the development of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects and the role that Paul Ramsey played in assuring the rejection of consent by proxy. Last but not least, Bartholome raises important questions about Ramsey’s “medical indications policy,” claiming that such a policy turns out to be not only circular but also premised on a hidden set of value assumptions.
Topographic Cortico-cerebellar Networks Revealed by Visual Attention and Working Memory.

Summary Substantial portions of the cerebellum appear to support non-motor functions; however, previous investigations of cerebellar involvement in cognition have revealed only a coarse degree of specificity. Although somatotopic maps have been observed within cerebellum, similar precision within cortico-cerebellar networks supporting non-motor functions has not previously been reported. Here, we find that human cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa differentially codes key aspects of visuospatial cognition. Ipsilateral visuospatial representations were observed during both a visual working memory and an attentionally demanding visual receptive field-mapping fMRI task paradigm. Moreover, within lobule VIIb/VIIIa, we observed a functional dissociation between spatial coding and visual working memory processing. Visuospatial representations were found in the dorsomedial portion of lobule VIIb/VIIIa, and load-dependent visual working memory processing was shifted ventrolaterally. A similar functional gradient for spatial versus load processing was found in posterior parietal cortex. This cerebral cortical organization was well predicted by functional connectivity with spatial and load regions of cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa. Collectively, our findings indicate that recruitment by visuospatial attentional functions within cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa is highly specific. Furthermore, the topographic arrangement of these functions is mirrored in frontal and parietal cortex. These findings motivate a closer examination of cortico-cerebellar functional specialization across a broad range of cognitive domains.
Plazomicin: A Next-Generation Aminoglycoside

Plazomicin is a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Plazomicin displays a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic gram-negative bacteria including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and organisms with aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. In a large phase III clinical trial, plazomicin was shown to be noninferior to meropenem in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) with respect to the coprimary efficacy end points of the microbiologically modified intent-to-treat composite cure rate at day 5 (plazomicin 88% [168/191 subjects] vs meropenem 91.4% [180/197]) and at the test-of-cure visit (plazomicin 81.7% [156/191] vs meropenem 70.1% [138/197]). In a small phase III clinical trial, plazomicin was shown to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. It was associated with a lower all-cause mortality or significant disease-related complication rate (23.5% [4/17]) compared with colistin (50% [10/20]). The most common adverse reactions associated with plazomicin are decreased renal function, diarrhea, hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. As with other aminoglycosides, plazomicin may cause neuromuscular blockade, ototoxicity, and fetal harm in pregnant women. Due to limited efficacy and safety data, plazomicin is indicated for the treatment of cUTIs in adults with limited or no alternative treatment options, using a dosage regimen of 15 mg/kg intravenously every 24 hours for 4-7 days. Dosage reductions and therapeutic drug monitoring are warranted in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment. Plazomicin is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment including those receiving renal replacement therapy. With the approval of plazomicin, clinicians now have an additional option for the treatment of adults with cUTIs, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative rods.
Low health literacy and its correlates among allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

e17565 Background: Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can understand basic health information to make medical decisions and to access needed services. Low health literacy, which aff...
Notes on language games as a source of methods for studying the formal properties of linguistic events1

One of three distinct approaches to his famous ‘Trust’ argument, this paper written by Garfinkel in 1960, and never before published, proposed a rethinking of rules, games and linguistic classifica...
DEFORMATION AND CREEP OF TEXTURED HCP METALS

ABSTRACT Mechanical properties of many materials are sensitive to textures developed during fabrication processes. These materials exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical properties, a thorough knowledge of which is a primary requirement for predictability of the dimensional changes in service as well as for achieving good formability characteristics during final thermo-mechanical processing. Recent advances in quantitative texture analyses and crystallite orientation distribution function [CODF] development in conjunction with appropriate crystal slip models made it possible to use x-ray pole figure data in predicting the multiaxial creep behavior, yield loci and formability characteristics of these materials.
Two new species of feather mites of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae) from Indonesia

Two new pterodectine feather mite species collected in Indonesia (Kalimantan) are described: Montesauria indonesiana sp. n. from the Asian glossy starling Aplonis panayensis (Scopoli, 1786) (Passeriformes, Sturnidae), and Proterothrix murariui sp. n. from the White-rumped woodpecker Meiglyptes tristis (Horsfield, 1821) (Piciformes, Picidae). Males of M. indonesiana have adanal and opisthoventral circular shields, surrounding the base of setae g and ps3, respectively, and females have the anterior and lobar parts of hysteronotal shields well delimited from each other by a transverse groove. The new species of Proterothrix described here is the first species of this genus discovered on a host of the family Picidae. This species has unique character states and cannot be included in any of the species groups defined so far within the genus. In both sexes, dorsal hysterosomal setae c1 are absent and hysterosomal setae cp are spiculiform. Males of P. murariui have a pregenital sclerite (epiandrum), the aedeagus is band-shaped, thickened in the anterior half and narrowed in the posterior half, the terminal lobes have two pairs of trapezoidal membranous extensions, coxal fields I are almost closed, and coxal fields III are open. Females have a narrow terminal cleft, parallel-sided in the anterior 2/3, large and with oblique margins in the posterior 1/3.
Abstract 4321: Epigenetic regulation of TP73 expression in HCC and GI cancer

Tumorigenesis results from an accumulation of mutational and epigenetic changes that alter normal cell growth and survival pathways. TP73 is the homologue of the master tumor suppressor TP53 involved in cellular responses to stress and development. The TP73 gene encodes two different protein isoforms, TAp73 and ΔNp73, and maps to a region on chromosome 1p36 that is frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other tumors, and is thought to contain multiple tumor suppressor genes. However, the analysis of p73-knockout mice yielded conflicting results with respect to tumor suppression. World-wide efforts in sequencing the TP73 gene in patient tumor samples have not provided evidence for genetic alterations as a common cause of TP73 inactivation in human cancer. The role of TP73 in tumorigenesis has remained elusive to date. In this study, we isolated two stem cell lines from normal young and old human liver tissues to determine TP73 expression in normal human liver stem cell and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) cell lines (HepG2, SNU398, SNU449 & SNU475), gastrointestinal cancer (GI) cell lines (Caco2 & HCT116) and a normal skin fibroblast cell line (HS27). The results show that TP73 only expresses in cancer cell lines. Further immunohistochemistry studies on human normal liver tissues as well as adjacent normal and cancerous liver tissues from HCC patients confirm that TP73 only expresses in the cancerous tissues. Moreover, methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing studies revealed that TP73 promoter is activated only in cancer cell lines by DNA methylation. Furthermore, ChIP assay results demonstrated that CTCF (a chromosomal networking protein CCCTC binding factor) binds to TP73 promoter and regulates TP73 expression. Our observation may prove significant for the development of future therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Citation Format: Zhixing Yao, Cristina Di Poto, Habtom W. Ressom, Zaki A. Sherif. Epigenetic regulation of TP73 expression in HCC and GI cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4321.
A model for pattern formation under gravity

Abstract In this paper we present an analytic hydrodynamic model for the steady state formation of a ring pattern in the density distribution by a self gravitating, incompressible and stratified disk of gas. We consider also the possible astrophysical applications of this model.
Preliminary Findings of a Four-Session Psychoeducational Group for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This brief report reviews preliminary data on the utility of a four-session coping skills group for symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in an active duty population. While a concerning...
A deep neural network for fast and accurate scatter estimation in quantitative SPECT/CT under challenging scatter conditions

A major challenge for accurate quantitative SPECT imaging of some radionuclides is the inadequacy of simple energy window-based scatter estimation methods, widely available on clinic systems. A deep learning approach for SPECT/CT scatter estimation is investigated as an alternative to computationally expensive Monte Carlo (MC) methods for challenging SPECT radionuclides, such as 90Y. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was trained to separately estimate each scatter projection from the measured 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT emission projection and CT attenuation projection that form the network inputs. The 13-layer deep architecture consisted of separate paths for the emission and attenuation projection that are concatenated before the final convolution steps. The training label consisted of MC-generated “true” scatter projections in phantoms (MC is needed only for training) with the mean square difference relative to the model output serving as the loss function. The test data set included a simulated sphere phantom with a lung insert, measurements of a liver phantom, and patients after 90Y radioembolization. OS-EM SPECT reconstruction without scatter correction (NO-SC), with the true scatter (TRUE-SC) (available for simulated data only), with the DCNN estimated scatter (DCNN-SC), and with a previously developed MC scatter model (MC-SC) were compared, including with 90Y PET when available. The contrast recovery (CR) vs. noise and lung insert residual error vs. noise curves for images reconstructed with DCNN-SC and MC-SC estimates were similar. At the same noise level of 10% (across multiple realizations), the average sphere CR was 24%, 52%, 55%, and 67% for NO-SC, MC-SC, DCNN-SC, and TRUE-SC, respectively. For the liver phantom, the average CR for liver inserts were 32%, 73%, and 65% for NO-SC, MC-SC, and DCNN-SC, respectively while the corresponding values for average contrast-to-noise ratio (visibility index) in low-concentration extra-hepatic inserts were 2, 19, and 61, respectively. In patients, there was high concordance between lesion-to-liver uptake ratios for SPECT reconstruction with DCNN-SC (median 4.8, range 0.02–13.8) compared with MC-SC (median 4.0, range 0.13–12.1; CCC = 0.98) and with 90Y PET (median 4.9, range 0.02–11.2; CCC = 0.96) while the concordance with NO-SC was poor (median 2.8, range 0.3–7.2; CCC = 0.59). The trained DCNN took ~ 40 s (using a single i5 processor on a desktop computer) to generate the scatter estimates for all 128 views in a patient scan, compared to ~ 80 min for the MC scatter model using 12 processors. For diverse 90Y test data that included patient studies, we demonstrated comparable performance between images reconstructed with deep learning and MC-based scatter estimates using metrics relevant for dosimetry and for safety. This approach that can be generalized to other radionuclides by changing the training data is well suited for real-time clinical use because of the high speed, orders of magnitude faster than MC, while maintaining high accuracy.
Testing for correlation between two time series using a parametric bootstrap

We study the problem of determining if two time series are correlated in the mean and variance. Several test statistics, originally designed for determining the correlation between two mean process...
Numerical design of three-dimensional gradient refractive index structures for beam shaping.

A numerical design method is demonstrated for gradient refractive index (GRIN) beam shapers embedded in a medium. The three-dimensional refractive index profile Δn(x, y, z) gradually changes the spatial characteristics of a beam during propagation. Diffraction effects such as beam expansion are controlled and compensated by the refractive index profile, resulting in efficient field transformations with no coherent artifacts. The solution is found using phase retrieval and a paraxial scalar wave beam propagation model. An example design is shown in which small changes in refractive index (Δn < 10−3) are used to transform a beam over a device length of 10 mm.
Who is hurting? A prospective study of surgeon ergonomics

There is a paucity of prospective data related to surgeon ergonomics, which affects career longevity. Robotic surgical systems may mitigate pain and workload. We hypothesized that ergonomic outcomes would vary based on surgeon height and gender, and the relative benefit of robotic surgery would vary based on these demographics. Surgeons received questionnaires to fill out immediately before and after surgery to enable calculation of pain scores and task load. Surgeons who were ≤ 66 inches tall were considered “short”. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed where appropriate using Stata-MP version 14.2 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX). There were 124 questionnaires given to 20 surgeons; 97 (78%) were returned, and 12 (12%) laparoscopic operations were excluded, leaving 85 (69%) questionnaires for further analysis: 33 (38%) from short surgeons, and 24 (28%) from women, for 30 (35%) robotic and 55 (65%) open operations. There were 44/85 (52%) surgeons who reported worse pain after surgery. Overall pain scores (1.1 ± 2.6 vs 1.5 ± 2.6, p = 0.70) were similar for robotic and open operations. In multivariable analysis, greater surgeon pain scores were significantly associated with short surgeons (p < 0.001), male surgeons (p < 0.001), and long operative times (p = 0.03). Physical demand was lower for robot vs open operations (median 10 vs 13, p = 0.03). When short surgeons (p = 0.04) and male surgeons (p = 0.03) were examined as sub-groups, lower physical demand during robotic operations persisted, but was lost when only examining tall surgeons (p = 0.07) and female surgeons (p = 0.13). Short surgeons and male surgeons reported significantly more pain after both open and robotic operations but had less physical demand when using the robotic system. Future work should focus on mitigation of surgeon height-related factors and seek to understand ergonomic gender differences beyond height.
Dark Patterns: Past, Present, and Future: The evolution of tricky user interfaces

Dark patterns are an abuse of the tremendous power that designers hold in their hands. As public awareness of dark patterns grows, so does the potential fallout. Journalists and academics have been scrutinizing dark patterns, and the backlash from these exposures can destroy brand reputations and bring companies under the lenses of regulators. Design is power. In the past decade, software engineers have had to confront the fact that the power they hold comes with responsibilities to users and to society. In this decade, it is time for designers to learn this lesson as well.