cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing for Intersections

In response to the recent call for a more intersectionally-aware field of human-computer interaction (HCI), we aim to operationalize intersectionality for technology design in HCI. We develop our lens of intersectionality by drawing on the work of Rita Kaur Dhamoon, and use it to analyze data collected from a multi-sited ethnographic study of seven low-resource learning environments in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. Our research contributions are threefold. First, we extend conversations in Intersectional HCI by expanding its scope from understanding users to recognizing social processes. Second, we emphasize the importance of factoring in both penalties and privileges when conducting research in underserved contexts. Finally, we engage situated comparisons as a methodology to identify pathways for designing interactive systems across intersectionally diverse environments.
Survival of children and young adults with skin cancer: Analysis of a population-based Florida cancer registry: 1981-2013.

Background/objectives Although pediatric and young adult skin cancer is uncommon, recent epidemiologic studies have shown pediatric melanoma to be on the rise in the United States. Using a population-based cancer registry, this study examined skin cancer burden and survival disparities in children and young adults. Methods Linked data from the Florida Cancer Data System and U.S. Census were analyzed to elucidate skin cancer burden distribution and survival disparities in 1543 Florida children (0-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), and young adults (20-24 years). These disparities were assessed according to sociodemographic groups such as sex, race, ethnicity, and neighborhood level socioeconomic status. A multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics was used to predict survival. Results Boys had a slightly greater burden of skin cancer among children (50.9%), whereas girls had the greatest burden for adolescents (54.5%) and young adults (60%). Survival differed between white, black, and other races; 1-year survival was 91.5% for whites and 77.9% for blacks. Average 3- and 5-year survival was comparable for blacks and whites. "Other" race had a 1- and 3-year survival of 96.2%. Conclusion Because skin cancer is on the rise, it is important to elucidate the burden and determinants associated with survival outcomes to identify high-risk pediatric and young adult populations. Understanding these factors in the Florida pediatric population may provide a base for future endeavors to create culturally competent cancer prevention programs through screening, health promotion, and literacy.
Andragogically Integrating Media Sharing Websites into University Curricula for Adult Learning Delivery

Some argue that we are going through a paradigmatic shift in higher education. At the very least, the traditional teaching model is changing to keep pace with the increase in non-traditional students and the changing workforce.Additionally, for non-traditional students to compete in the workplace, they must be familiar with with media sharing websites. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Blogs, etc, are quickly becoming part of everyday life in the workplace. As such, non-traditional students must be exposed to social media.
“Big Family of Fifty-Six Nationalities:” The Chinese Communist Conceptualization of Minzu (1921–1951)

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) nationality ideology after 1949 inherited the Chinese nationalist ideology that had been present since the late nineteenth century yet departed from the assimilationist policy of the Nationalist as well as Soviet ideology and the policy of the socialist federation. “Nationalities” within the unified Chinese nation are of a lower rank than the “Chinese nation” yet higher than a tribe. Marxism and Leninism, the theoretical foundation of the CCP, had many ambiguous dimensions in treating the national issue, and the CCP’s national discourse was influenced by both Marxist ideology, its own revolutionary practices, and need for a strong and integrated nation-state. This chapter centers on the CCP and socialist China’s construction of “nationality” ideology in its own historical logic, highlighting its distinctiveness and creativity compared with the Soviet model but also reveals many contradictions and contemporary disputes in its implementation.
Potential of Chlorella fusca LEB 111 cultivated with thermoelectric fly ashes, carbon dioxide and reduced supply of nitrogen to produce macromolecules.

Abstract Fly ashes present several minerals that along with carbon dioxide (CO2) represent a promising nutrient source and an alternative to reduce environmental problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate if CO2, thermoelectric fly ashes and reduction in nitrogen supply alters the production of macromolecules in Chlorella fusca LEB 111. For this purpose, 1.5 or 0.75 g L−1 of NaNO3, injection of 10% (v v−1) of CO2 as well as 0, 40 and 120 ppm of fly ashes were studied. The protein content was not impaired in cultivations with 0.75 g L−1 of NaNO3 since nitrogen was not fully consumed. Nevertheless, this cultivation strategy increased carbohydrate content by up to 25%, which could be fermented to produce bioethanol. Therefore, Chlorella fusca presented not only potential for CO2 biofixation and assimilation of nutrients from fly ashes but also for enhancement of carbohydrates accumulation when the nitrogen supply was reduced.
Miniature Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor With Exfoliated Graphene Diaphragm

This paper presents an integrated microcavity optical fiber pressure sensor using exfoliated ultrathin graphene atomic layers as a reflective surface to form a Fabry–Perot (F-P) interferometric structure. The fabrication was based on the focused-ion-beam (FIB) micromachining and dry exfoliated graphene transfer method, where the sensor was fabricated directly on a facet of a standard SMF-28 single-mode fiber with the core diameter of $8~\mu \mathrm {m}$ and the cladding diameter of $125~\mu \text{m}$ . The air leakage from the cavity was negligibly small during the 30-min measurement time. The responsivity of pressure sensors, defined as the spectral shift of F-P fringes in response to the air pressure change, was achieved as large as 1.28 nm/mmHg at 1300-nm wavelength when using a diaphragm diameter of $20~\mu \text{m}$ . Demonstrated responsivity and compactness makes the sensor suitable for medical, environmental, and other applications. An analytical model was presented describing responsivity of an F-P pressure sensor with a thin diaphragm. It has predicted that reducing the diaphragm thickness below some critical value leads to the highest possible responsivity that no longer depends on the elastic properties or thickness of the diaphragm. This upper limit for the responsivity can be increased using the cavity shape other than a simple cylinder, while residual strength of the diaphragm results in reduced responsivity.
On king–serf pair in tournaments

Abstract For a directed graph G , a vertex x is a king if every other vertex can be reached from x by a directed path of length at most 2 and is a serf if x can be reached from every other vertex by a directed path of length at most 2. A tournament T with vertex set V is called X -hamiltonian crossing if every hamiltonian path must have one end in X and the other in X = V − X . Our main results are the following: • A tournament T ≠ T 4 is X -hamiltonian crossing if and only if T has a strong component decomposition V = V 1 ∪ ⋯ ∪ V k such that V 1 ⊆ X and V k ⊆ X , or V 1 ⊆ X and V k ⊆ X . • Let T be a tournament and ( x , y ) a king–serf pair in T − x y . Then there exists no hamiltonian ( x , y ) -path in T if and only if T is an x → y special tournament with U ( S 1 ; D 1 , D 2 ) ≠ 0 and U ( S 2 ; D 1 , D 2 ) ≠ 0 . • Let T be a tournament of order n ≥ 3 . If x is a vertex of maximum out-degree and y a vertex of maximum in-degree then there exists a hamiltonian ( x , y ) -path if and only if x y is not exceptional.
AOS VENCIDOS, A FLORESTA - ALEXANDRA LUCAS COELHO LENDO MÁRIO DE ANDRADE E MACHADO DE ASSIS

Resumo Este ensaio discute as imagens do Brasil que Alexandra Lucas Coelho nos oferece em Vai, Brasil (2013), Deus-dara (2016) e A nossa alegria chegou (2018), mostrando de que maneira se relacionam com as imagens do Brasil disponibilizadas por Mario de Andrade e por Machado de Assis. Propondo que, a esse respeito, Vai, Brasil esta mais proximo de Machado de Assis e Deus-dara e A nossa alegria chegou estao mais proximos de Mario de Andrade, argumentarei que esse posicionamento, talvez de modo paradoxal, levou a que Lucas Coelho, em prol de uma descricao transatlântica e pos-colonial das interacoes luso-afro-brasileiras, nos ofereca uma versao menos ecologica do Brasil.
“The Rivalry is Hot:” Shakespeare, Harry Potter, and the Magic of Fanfiction

Abstract: While most crossover fanfiction focuses on characters of different works interacting, fanfiction involving Shakespeare often involves characters from one work interacting with a particular Shakespeare text. By examining this phenomenon in three Harry Potter/Romeo and Juliet crossover fanfictions, it can be seen that Shakespeare’s language and cultural capital are being used in fan communities in order to develop new interpretations of both Harry Potter and Shakespeare’s work, especially when it comes to utilizing tropes like “star-crossed lovers” to develop relationships not present in Harry Potter’s text. As such, Shakespeare has taken on a role in these fanfictions that is magic-like, and the fanfictions speak to how Shakespeare, rather than becoming lowbrow popular culture, has instead ascended to a role in literature no author has reached before. Literature Review: Scholars that have studied Shakespeare in relation to fanfiction such as MK Finn and Michelle Yost have argued that Shakespeare’s existence and prevalence on fanfiction sites is a sign of his descendance from a literary pedestal to existence on the same level as other “lowbrow” popular culture, such as Star Trek and The Avengers. A 2013 survey of high school English teachers showed that 93% of ninth-grade classrooms studied Romeo and Juliet, which fueled some scholars in their belief that Shakespeare, by becoming more accessible, has lost some of his highbrow reputation. However, I argue that rather than this accessibility resulting in the loss of Shakespeare’s cultural power, this power has instead increased, and Shakespeare has taken on a role in culture unseen by any other author, and this can be seen most clearly in his impact on fanfiction and his popularization of tropes like “star-crossed lovers,” which have moved beyond an existence in Shakespeare’s plays and have now been used as an interpretive lens in their own right.
Weaponizing En Banc

The federal courts of appeals embrace the ideal that judges are committed to rule of law norms, collegiality, and judicial independence. Whatever else divides them, these judges generally agree that partisan identity has no place on the bench. Consequently, when a court of appeals sits “en banc,” (i.e. collectively) the party affiliations of the three-judge panel under review should not matter. Starting in the 1980s, however, partisan ideology has grown increasingly important in the selection of federal appellate judges. It thus stands to reason (and several high-profile modern examples illustrate) that today’s en banc review could be used as a weapon by whatever party has appointed the most judges on any particular circuit. A weaponized en banc reflects more than just ideological differences between judges. We define the phrase to capture a “team mentality” on the courts of appeals – an us versus them – where the judges vote in blocs aligned by the party of the President who appointed them and use en banc review to reverse panels composed of members from the other team. In this article, we test whether en banc review is now or ever has been weaponized. We make use of an original data set – the most comprehensive one of which we are aware – that tracks en banc decisions over six decades. Our findings are surprising in two very different ways. The bulk of our data indicates that rule of law norms are deeply embedded. From the 1960s through 2017, en banc review seems to have developed some sort of immunity from partisan behavior over time, and we unpack potential reasons why. But that important and long-lasting immunity could now be in danger. Our data from 2018-2020 show a dramatic and statistically significant surge in behavior consistent with the weaponizing of en banc. It is too soon to tell whether this is a temporary change or an inflection point indicating a more permanent shift. We consider both possibilities and, in so doing, highlight the critical role that en banc review plays in ascertaining judicial commitment to rule of law norms. The time may soon be upon us to confront the cost of en banc review in a regime where party identity frequently trumps other judicial impulses.
Comodulation of h- and Na+/K+ Pump Currents Expands the Range of Functional Bursting in a Central Pattern Generator by Navigating between Dysfunctional Regimes.

Central pattern generators (CPGs), specialized oscillatory neuronal networks controlling rhythmic motor behaviors such as breathing and locomotion, must adjust their patterns of activity to a variable environment and changing behavioral goals. Neuromodulation adjusts these patterns by orchestrating changes in multiple ionic currents. In the medicinal leech, the endogenous neuromodulator myomodulin speeds up the heartbeat CPG by reducing the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump current and increasing h-current in pairs of mutually inhibitory leech heart interneurons (HNs), which form half-center oscillators (HN HCOs). Here we investigate whether the comodulation of two currents could have advantages over a single current in the control of functional bursting patterns of a CPG. We use a conductance-based biophysical model of an HN HCO to explain the experimental effects of myomodulin. We demonstrate that, in the model, comodulation of the Na+/K+ pump current and h-current expands the range of functional bursting activity by avoiding transitions into nonfunctional regimes, such as asymmetric bursting and plateau-containing seizure-like activity. We validate the model by finding parameters that reproduce temporal bursting characteristics matching experimental recordings from HN HCOs under control, three different myomodulin concentrations, and Cs+ treated conditions. The matching cases are located along the border of an asymmetric regime away from the border with more dangerous seizure-like activity. We found a simple comodulation mechanism with an inverse relation between the pump and h-currents makes a good fit of the matching cases and comprises a general mechanism for the robust and flexible control of oscillatory neuronal networks. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rhythm-generating neuronal circuits adjust their oscillatory patterns to accommodate a changing environment through neuromodulation. In different species, chemical messengers participating in such processes may target two or more membrane currents. In medicinal leeches, the neuromodulator myomodulin speeds up the heartbeat central pattern generator by reducing Na+/K+ pump current and increasing h-current. In a computational model, we show that this comodulation expands the range of central pattern generator9s functional activity by navigating the circuit between dysfunctional regimes resulting in a much wider range of cycle period. This control would not be attainable by modulating only one current, emphasizing the synergy of combined effects. Given the prevalence of h-current and Na+/K+ pump current in neurons, similar comodulation mechanisms may exist across species.
A snapshot of nurses’ understanding, perceptions and comfort level of genomics

Objective: The primary aim of this study explored holistic nurses’ self-perceived genomic knowledge, perceptions, attitude and comfort of genomics. A second aim compared results to previous findings of nurse educators and advanced degree practicing registered nurses’ genomic knowledge utilizing the same survey instruments. Methods: Design: Recruitment of participants, through the American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA), was achieved via an anonymous Survey Monkey link of the Genetic and Genomic Literacy Assessment (GGLA) survey. The GGLA survey comprised three aspects: Self-Perceived Genomic Knowledge Survey; Perceptions and Attitudes about Genomics Integration into Nursing Practice Survey and the Comfort Level of Genomics Survey. Method: The GGLA survey link was made available via the AHNA newsletter. Results: Holistic nurses (n = 41) self-perceived genomic knowledge level demonstrated a knowledge base gap in their comprehension and ability to explain genomic concepts to their patients. Majority of holistic nurses were significantly not comfortable with their genomic knowledge (90% or greater). Comparison with nurse educators (n = 53) and advanced degree practicing registered nurses’ (n = 36) genomic knowledge provided additional insight. Conclusions: A significant majority of nurses are unprepared to adopt genomics into their practice whilst experiencing a lack comfort and confidence. The global success of nursing practice resides with its’ practitioners being fully informed and competent with all required competencies, especially if nursing is to remain prevalent within personalized healthcare.
Translation schemes for the HP java parallel programming language

The article describes the current status of the authors' HPJava programming environment. HPJava is a parallel dialect of Java that imports Fortran-like arrays--in particular the distributed arrays of High Performance Fortran--as new data structures. The article discusses the translation scheme adopted in a recently developed translator for the HPJava language. It also gives an overview of the language.
Abstract MP30: Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease: The Use of Change in Novel Kidney Filtration Markers

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression assessed by estimated GFR from creatinine (eGFR-Cr) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has been proposed as a surrogate endpoint for clinical trials. It is unclear if CKD progression assessed by change in different filtration markers has similar risk associations with ESRD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that percent change in novel kidney filtration markers (β2-microglobulin and cystatin C) over a 6-year period would be independently associated with increased risk of ESRD during 15 years of follow-up, similar to the risk seen with change in eGFR-Cr. Methods: We conducted prospective analyses of the ARIC study (N=9,703). β2-microglobulin, cystatin C, and creatinine were measured at study visits 1 (1990-92) and 2 (1996-98). Incident ESRD (kidney dialysis or transplant) was defined as entry into the U.S. Renal Data System registry between study visit 2 and September 30, 2011. Cox proportional hazards regressi...
Does Obesity Associate with Mortality among Hispanic Persons?: Results from the National Health Interview Survey

Objective To evaluate the association between BMI: kg/m2 and mortality among Hispanic adults. Design and Methods Eight years (1997-2004) of National Health Interview Survey data linked to public-use mortality follow-up data through 2006 were acquired. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, separate models for two attained age strata (18 to <60 years, ≥60 years) adjusting for sex, smoking, and physical activity with over 38,000 analyzable respondents were fit. Results Among those aged ≥60 years, underweight (BMI ≤ 18.5) associated with elevated mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-3.46), whereas overweight (BMI of 25 to <30) and obesity grade 1 (BMI of 30 to <35) associated with reduced mortality (HRs = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95 and 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.91), respectively. There were no significant associations between BMI and mortality among the 18 to <60 years attained age strata or among never smokers for either age strata. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are not obviously associated with elevated mortality among Hispanic adults.
Carcinoma of the cervix-treatment by radical hysterectomy following central irradiation.

Abstract A series of 104 Wertheim procedures performed for International Classification Stage I and Stage II carcinoma of the cervix is presented. Of these, 20 were for recurrent cancer and 84 followed planned preoperative, central irradiation designed to deliver 5,500 r to Point A. In the total group there occurred urinary fistulas in 6.7 per cent of cases. The operative mortality rate was less than 1 per cent. The surgical and pathologic classification suggested by Meigs and Brunschwig is as yet too new to be of much value. In future reports authors should use this classification if it is to help us in the evaluation of node dissection as a therapeutic procedure or a prognostic tool. The continued reporting of surgical results according to node involvement will be of value only if authors separate their Stage I and Stage II statisties. This is also true of the Meigs and Brunschwig classification. The reports of series of Wertheim operations in which the statisties of intentional preoperative irradiation are combined with “accidental” preoperative irradiation will continue to tell us nothing of the relative mcrits of a combined attack upon cancer of the cervix. The absolute 5 year survival rate of this series of primary cases is 95.2 per cent in Stage I; 85.7 per cent in Stage II; and the combined I and II is 91.4 per cent. The 3 year survival of this relatively small series of patients seems to refleet the expected 5 year survival. Positive nodes were found in the primary group in 9.09 per cent of Stage I and in 22.2 per cent of Stage II. The 5 year survival in both stages with positive nodes was 75 per cent. In the group with recument cancer the node involvement was 28.5 per cent in Stage I and 30.8 per cent in Stage II.
High-intensity ionization in clean numerical experiments

By means of numerical experiments we analyzed atomic ionization at very high laser intensities. We observed for the first time, we believe, peak shifting from above to below the ionization threshold.
Performance of Detectors for Visible and Infrared Radiation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the performance of detectors for visible and infrared radiation. It presents the systematic exposition of the smallest amount of energy or power that can be detected by such detectors. Thus, the primary concern is with the performance of the detectors on the signals that are close to the noise level of the detectors. The chapter describes and compares various types of noise that are important in the radiation detectors, such as shot noise, temperature noise, photon noise, current noise, and flicker noise. The terms responsivity and detectivity are defined, the former being the sensitivity without regard to noise and the latter being the responsivity divided by the noise. A standard reference condition is introduced such that all the detectors may be compared on an uniform basis.
Review of Smartphone Applications for the Treatment of Eating Disorders

mHealth tools may be a feasible modality for delivering evidence-based treatments and principles (EBPs), and may enhance treatment for eating disorders (EDs). However, research on the efficacy of mHealth tools for EDs and the extent to which they include EBPs is lacking. The current study sought to (i) review existing apps for EDs, (ii) determine the extent to which available treatment apps utilize EBPs, and (iii) assess the degree to which existing smartphone apps utilize recent advances in smartphone technology. Overall, existing ED intervention apps contained minimal EBPs and failed to incorporate smartphone capabilities. For smartphone apps to be a feasible and effective ED treatment modality, it may be useful for creators to begin taking utilizing the abilities that set smartphones apart from in-person treatment while incorporating EBPs. Before mHealth tools are incorporated into treatments for EDs, it is necessary that the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy be evaluated.
Advances in RF-microwave and light sources for applications in therapeutic medicine

The expansion in the use of RF/Microwaves and optical sources in therapeutic medicine is dramatic. In this paper, some of the ongoing therapeutic modalities will be mentioned with the emphasis on our future research, for example: our attempts to combine microwaves and laser sources in therapeutic medicine, such as their applications in photodynamic therapy, and the utilization of blue LED's (light emitting diodes) for neonatal phototherapy.
A Millian analysis of rights

Los derechos han sido caracterizados de maneras diversas: como pretensiones, titulos, titulos mas restricciones normativas o como limites a las justificaciones utilitarias. Sin embargo, son dos las teorias que han dominado la discusion reciente: la teoria del beneficio, que caracteriza los derechos en terminos de los beneficios garantizados al posesor del derecho por los deberes de otros; y la teoria de la eleccion, que analiza los derechos en terminos del control ejercido por el posesor sobre la libertad o ios deberes de los otros. Sostengo que las dos grandes obras eticas de Mili contienen un analisis que acoge las ventajas de ambas teorias evitando sus inconvenientes.
Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health

Black-White differences in health are large, persistent, and in some cases, worsening over time. Racial segregation is a central determinant of Black-White differences in health. The physical separ...
The pathogenesis of Trichostrongyloid parasites: some effects of Nematospiroides dubius on the erythrocyte patterns and spleens of mice.

Abstract Infection of 30-day old mice with 400 larvae of N. dubius resulted in the development of a hypocythemic, microcytic, and hyperchromic anemia. The anemia was largely prevented by an iron supplement and was believed to be due to the following conditions: (1) the high physiological requirements for iron in recently weaned and rapidly growing mice; (2) reduced intestinal absorption of iron and/or other essential nutrients; and (3) chronic hemorrhage. Later in the course of the disease the anemia became hypercythemic, microcytic, and hypochromic. This was attributed to compensatory hemoconcentration, improved function of the small intestine, and lessened requirements for an increase in blood volume. Splenomegaly was a prominent pathlogical change and it appeared to result from the combined effects of anemia and an unidentified factor, possibly a secretion or an excretion of the parasite. It was demonstrated by using splenectomized mice that under the conditions of the present experiments, the spleen was not an essential part of the resistance mechanism.
Aphotic pigment degradation in the hypolimnion: Implications for sedimentation studies and paleolimnology

Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography was used to quantify carotenoid and Chl degradation resulting from bacterial and microfaunal action during aphotic, hypolimnetic incubations of natural phytoplankton assemblages and detrital material in three lakes. Decay of carotenoids (to −0.0870 d−1) and chlorophylls (to −0.1226 d−1was potentially rapid but site-specific. Chl a decay spanned a wide range (to −0.1226 d−1) with greatest losses in circumneutral, unstained Peter Lake and least in acidic, stained Tuesday Lake. The usefulness of Chl a as an indicator of algal sedimentation was compromised by its rapid degradation, lack of compensatory production of recognizable derivatives, and an abundance of unknown, chlorophyllous compounds. β-carotene degraded less rapidly and variably (to −0.0167 d−1) and is a useful addition to both sedimentation and paleolimnological studies. Differences among ca rotenoids in decay pose difficulties in reconstructing accurate estimates of former algal community composition, especially dinoflagellates, whose peridinin decays rapidly (−0.0843 d−1). Changes in the relative (within-core) abundance of individual pigments may be combined, however, with changes in Chl a : β-carotene ratios to differentiate between periods of enhanced productivity (or pigment preservation) and changes in the vertical zonation of algal communities.
A Proposal for Performance Criteria for Propulsion Losses Due to Ship Steering

The problem of definition of propulsion loss related to ship steering is addressed. Performance criteria representative of propulsion losses due to steering over a range of operating conditions including operation in calm water and a seaway are considered. Criteria are derived from strict analytical considerations and from empirical assumptions based on experimentally derived hydrodynamic data. The applicability of these various criteria and the implications for both assessment of relative performance of existing ship autopilots and for the design of new steering controllers is discussed in relation to simulation results for a high-speed containership.
Expression of selected antigens on the surface of cultured neural cells.

Abstract Immunofluorescence, immunoradioautography and immunoabsorption were employed to evaluate surface expression of selected species specific and ‘nervous system specific’ determinants in various cultured neural cell lines. Three murine neural cell lines (A/J neuroblastoma, C3H/HeJ astrocytoma, C57B1/6J ependymoblastoma) and their various clones expressed surface H-2 antigenicity appropriate for the parent strain. No evidence was obtained for surface expression of S100 protein, 14-3-2 protein, myelin basic protein, Thy-1.1 (ϑ C3H) or PC-1 antigens on assorted neural cell lines from mouse, rat and man.
Critiquing expert systems for planning and management

Abstract Critiquing expert systems differ from conventional expert systems in that system users input a proposed plan of action. The critiquing expert system provides constructive comments on the proposed plan as well as alternatives to it. This approach has two advantages over conventional expert systems: (1) users retain their authority over decision making and are not “deskilled,” and (2) complex planning and management tasks with many alternative “solutions” can be accommodated. A critiquing system developed to assist in managing the operations of the San Francisco Water Department illustrates the approach and its potential for assisting planners.
A Fear-Inducing Odor Alters PER2 and c-Fos Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Fear Memory

Evidence demonstrates that rodents learn to associate a foot shock with time of day, indicating the formation of a fear related time-stamp memory, even in the absence of a functioning SCN. In addition, mice acquire and retain fear memory better during the early day compared to the early night. This type of memory may be regulated by circadian pacemakers outside of the SCN. As a first step in testing the hypothesis that clock genes are involved in the formation of a time-stamp fear memory, we exposed one group of mice to fox feces derived odor (TMT) at ZT 0 and one group at ZT 12 for 4 successive days. A separate group with no exposure to TMT was also included as a control. Animals were sacrificed one day after the last exposure to TMT, and PER2 and c-Fos protein were quantified in the SCN, amygdala, hippocampus, and piriform cortex. Exposure to TMT had a strong effect at ZT 0, decreasing PER2 expression at this time point in most regions except the SCN, and reversing the normal rhythm of PER2 expression in the amygdala and piriform cortex. These changes were accompanied by increased c-Fos expression at ZT0. In contrast, exposure to TMT at ZT 12 abolished the rhythm of PER2 expression in the amygdala. In addition, increased c-Fos expression at ZT 12 was only detected in the central nucleus of the amygdala in the TMT12 group. TMT exposure at either time point did not affect PER2 or c-Fos in the SCN, indicating that under a light-dark cycle, the SCN rhythm is stable in the presence of repeated exposure to a fear-inducing stimulus. Taken together, these results indicate that entrainment to a fear-inducing stimulus leads to changes in PER2 and c-Fos expression that are detected 24 hours following the last exposure to TMT, indicating entrainment of endogenous oscillators in these regions. The observed effects on PER2 expression and c-Fos were stronger during the early day than during the early night, possibly to prepare appropriate systems at ZT 0 to respond to a fear-inducing stimulus.
OBSERVING THE SELF-SELECTION OF AN EMERGING LITERACY LEARNER

ABSTRACT This article provides a case study perspective of one child's literacy learning over the first semester of first grade. This young learner moves from creating stories for picture books to reading, and from stringing letters to using letter names and spelling sight words. Drawing from this data, a cross-analysis of “what was going on at the same time” looks at both reading and orthographic development. The analysis includes information on the books self-selected by the child (Jen) and field notes on her reading. The data shows how Jen “tries literacy on” as she both pretends to read and then begins to read a variety of books while creating written text in her journal. The analysis demonstrates the ebb and flow of reading and writing for one young learner.
Revisiting the mechanism of reversed thermoremanent magnetization based on observations from synthetic ferrian ilmenite (y = 0.7)

This study investigates the magnetic behavior of three well-characterized synthetic single-phase ferrian ilmenite (y = 0.7) specimens over the temperature range between 10 K and 573 K. Careful experiments measuring induced and remanent magnetizations in variable temperatures, applied magnetic fields, and pretreatment conditions are conducted in order to elucidate the mechanism leading to reversed thermoremanent magnetization (RTRM). Magnetic ordering temperatures of the cation ordered domains, in all three samples, are estimated at 380 K, suggesting that their Curie temperatures (T C) are independent of the sample's thermal history. This is not the case for cation disordered boundaries resulting from quenching from high temperatures. These cation disordered domains have estimated magnetic ordering temperatures of 418 K (Q1300), 410 K (Q1050), and 425 K (Q900). The data unambiguously support a less than perfect ferrimagnetic–antiferromagnetic exchange interaction as the fundamental source of RTRM. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength of the ''effective'' exchange anisotropies in such polycrystalline samples are estimated at $2.7 mT (Q1300), $12 mT (Q1050), and 0 mT (Q900). However, from the results presented herein we conclude that favorable conditions for the acquisition of RTRM are dependent not only on the strength of the exchange anisotropy but also on the crucial role played by the size of the cation ordered domains. INDEX TERMS: 1519 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Magnetic mineralogy and petrology; 1540 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Rock and mineral magnetism; 1714 History of Geophysics: Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; KEYWORDS: ferrian ilmenite, reversed thermoremanent magnetization, exchange anisotropy Citation: Lagroix, F., S. K. Banerjee, and B. M. Moskowitz (2004), Revisiting the mechanism of reversed thermoremanent magnetization based on observations from synthetic ferrian ilmenite (y = 0.7),
Evaluation of Lake Michigan Sediment For Causes of the Disappearance of Diporeia spp. in Southern Lake Michigan

Abstract The amphipod, Diporeia spp., the dominant benthic macroinvertebrate in the Great Lakes offshore waters, has exhibited a substantial decline in recent years. This decline occurred after the invasion and colonization of the lakes by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha . It has been hypothesized that the decline is a direct result of the competition by the zebra mussel decreasing the amount of food available. This study examined the potential of other stressors, e.g., the presence of toxic materials, as the contributing or main cause of the decline. Bioassays were performed with sediments from stations currently devoid of Diporeia (St. Joseph, MI) and with those still having Diporeia populations. In 28-d mortality bioassays, no mortality was observed with any of the sediments tested. However, in avoidance/preference tests, sediments from St. Joseph, that are now devoid of Diporeia , were avoided compared to sediments from Saugatuck, Grand Haven, and Muskegon, which still have a population. This avoidance was not changed by the addition of either Spirulina Plus ® or Tetramin ® flakes to the sediment as a food source but was reversed by a fresh layer of the diatom, Fragillaria crotonensis , on the sediment. These studies suggest that despite the high carbon content of the St. Joseph sediment, the nutritional content of the sediment was limited.
Injuries in Indoor Soccer The Lake Placid Dawn to Dark Soccer Tournament

We conducted a prospective study of soccer injuries during the Soccer America Dawn to Dark Indoor Soccer Tournament, which was organized by the Lake Placid Soccer Center, Lake Placid, New York, 1993. Eight hundred twenty-four players competed in open men's, open women's, over-30 men's, and mixed divisions. The overall rate of injury per 100 player hours was 4.44, with a rate of 5.79 in the open men's, 4.74 in the open women's, 2.73 in the over-30 men's, and 1.54 for the mixed divisions. The differences in injury rates for men versus women and men versus older men were not statistically significant. Twenty-five of the 38 injuries (65.8%) were mild, with 27 injuries (71.4%) occurring in the lower extremities. Ankle sprains were the most common injuries and combined ligamentous injuries to the knee were the most common severe injuries. As the injuries increased in severity, they were more likely to be noncontact injuries. The data demonstrate the low incidence of injury in male and female indoor soccer participants. The data also show the similarity in the types of injuries sustained by indoor and outdoor soccer players.
Copper(II) chelates with isomeric schiff-base ligands. derivatives of 1- and 2-adamantanamines

Abstract The syntheses of isomeric copper(II) Schiff base complexes formed by the condensation of 1- and 2-adamantanamines with salicylaldehyde, o-vanillin and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde are described. The electronic structures of the complexes have been probed using electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR ) spectroscopy. The electronic sectra indicate that both the 1-and 2-adamantyl groups lead to distortions from planar geometry with the 1-adamantyl substituted compounds being the most “tetrahedral”. The pseudotetrahednd geometries of the 1-adamantyl substituted derivatives are further supported by the comparatively lower isotropic electron spin-nuclear spin hyperfine coupling constants observed in the EPR spectra.
Does change in alliance impact alcohol treatment outcomes

ABSTRACT. Background: Although both researchers and practitioners widely recognize therapeutic alliance's importance in general psychotherapy, studies specific to alcohol use treatments have produced mixed results and generally do not investigate if and how alliance changes over course of treatment. Methods: Using parallel process latent growth curve modeling, the authors examined if increase in alliance was associated with reduced drinking behaviors and a statistical mediator in the relationship between treatment modality and outcome. The authors used data from Project MATCH (J Stud Alcohol. 1997;58:7–29; Addiction. 1997;92:1671–1698), which investigated client-treatment matching effects for alcohol treatment among outpatient (n = 952) and aftercare (n = 774) participants randomized to cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT), 12-step facilitation (TSF), or motivational enhancement therapy (MET). Results: Results indicate therapist-rated alliance increased significantly for CBT and TSF participants, but not ...
A broadband embedded computing system for MapReduce utilizing Hadoop

An expanding wealth of ubiquitous, heterogeneous, and interconnected embedded devices is behind most of the exponential growth of the “Big Data” phenomenon. Meanwhile, the same embedded devices continue to improve in terms of computational capabilities, thus closing the gap with more traditional computers. Motivated by these trends, we developed a heterogeneous computing system for MapReduce applications that couples cloud computing with distributed embedded computing. Specifically, our system combines a central cluster of Linux servers with a broadband network of embedded set-top box (STB) devices. The MapReduce platform is based on the Hadoop software framework, which we modified and optimized for execution on the STBs. Experimental results confirm that this type of heterogeneous computing system can offer a scalable and energy-efficient platform for the processing of large-scale data-intensive applications.
ACOUSTICAL IMAGING OF SOURCE RECEIVER COINCIDENT PROFILES

The first part of this paper examines a special case of acoustical imaging in which the source and the receiver coincide. The benefits of weighting and muting are studied in detail by means of computer modeling. The test model consists of a single planar interface z=z1, abruptly terminated at x= o. The amplitude and phase responses are computed in the plane z=z0= o for two separations of neighboring stations, Δx=λ/10 and Δx=λ/2. Six different weighting factors are used in the test. However, in this source-receiver coincident case, three of the weighting factors produce identical responses, so that all six test factors may be represented by only four curves. It is found that when the spatial sampling at the aperture approaches the condition of critical sampling, i.e. Δx=λ/2, only the weighting factor which implicitly takes into account beam steering along the specular reflection path is acceptable. This factor alone keeps the amplitude and the phase curves undistorted until the difference 2 ·ΔR between two neighboring paths reaches approximately λ/2. If we set 2 ·ΔR=λ/2, we may construct a set of curves which we may call quite appropriately muting curves. These curves are physically interpretable only for station separation Δx > λ/4. The muting curves are symmetrical about the line x= 0 and their angular opening depends on spatial separation Δx, depth z, and wavelength λ (which may vary with depth). The second part of this paper suggests how the weighting factor with implicit beam steering can be applied to reconstruction of two and three-dimensional wavefields. Seismic migration of common depth point (CDP) stacked line data is also discussed. This is a hybrid case which presents certain theoretical difficulties. We shall also mention the velocity problem which is inherent to migration of CDP stacked data. The third and final part concerns implementation of the migration of CDP stacked data. When the spatial sampling is between λ/4 and λ/2, the migration process will benefit from beam steering and from muting. The benefits are more subtle when the separation of the traces is less than λ/4. However, in that case the cost of data collection is considerable and often prohibitive. In either case the migration of seismic data can be expedited by use of precalculated tables of migration velocities, ray path distances, and weights (including muting).
The great-circle pattern of large circular maria: product of an earth-moon encounter

The circular maria - Orientale, Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium, Smythii, and Tsiolkovsky -lie nearly on a lunar great circle. This pattern can be considered the result of a very close, non-capture encounter between Moon and Earth early in solar-system history. Of critical importance in analyzing the effects of such an encounter is the position of the weightlessness limit of the Earth-Moon System which is located at about 1.63R e, measured from the center of Earth to center of Moon. Within this weightlessness limit, material can be pulled from the lunar surface and interior by Earth's gravity and either escape from the Moon or be redistributed onto the lunar surface. In the case of an encounter with a non-spinning Moon, backfalling materials would be distributed along a lunar great circle. However, if the Moon is rotating during the encounter, the backfall pattern will deviate from the great circle, the amount depending on the rate and direction of spin. Such a close encounter model may be related to the pattern of circular maria if materials departing from the source region are visualized as spheroids of molten lunar upper mantle basalt. These spheroids, then, would impact onto the lunar surface to form a pattern of lava lakes. Radiometric dates from mare rocks are consistent with this model of mare formation if the older mare rock dates are considered to date the encounter and younger dates are considered to date subsequent volcanic eruptions on a structurally weakened Moon.
Toward a Comprehensive Framework of Study Abroad Intentions and Behaviors

Increased activity by U.S. students to study abroad has invited several studies that have investigated the reasons for U.S. students to study abroad. Literature in the context of study abroad choices has been fragmented, with each study presenting an ad-hoc set of factors the author/s deem as important or that have been shown to be important in previous literature. However, no study to date has attempted to identify a theoretical framework that explains why these factors should be important in explaining the intention to participate in a study abroad program. In this study, we use the theoretical background of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and trait theory to unify the existing body of literature and arrive at a model that predicts study abroad intentions. We test this model by means of a survey administered in a U.S. university.
Biological Control of Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean by Hyphochytrium catenoides in Greenhouse Tests

Mycelia of Hyphochytrium catenoides applied to soil artifically or naturally infested with Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae was effective in affording a high degree of protection of soybean plants against root rot in greenhouse tests. Seedling emergence, plant height and root diseases were restored to values near those of plants grown in soil without the pathogen, and root disease severity was greatly reduced, though never eliminated. Control was similar whether soil was treated with H. catenoides, then folded for 7 days before seeding, or if the flooding and prior incubation periods were eliminated. Abundant inoculum of H. catenoides was produced in a semi-solid medium containing tryptone, glucose and yeast extract in which the colonies remained suspended. The inoculum, applied to vermiculite and stored in the laboratory, survived well: colony counts after 25 weeks were 63% of those present initially. Zusammenfassung Die biologische Kontrolle von Phytophthora Wurzelfaule bei Sojabohen durch Hyphochytrium catenoides in Gewachshaustests Myzel von Hyphochytrium catenoides, das Boden zugefuhrt wurde, der kunstlich oder naturlich mit Phytophthora megasperma var. soja infiziert wurde, bewirkte in Gewachshaustests einen hohen Schutz von Sojabohnenpflanzen gengenuber Wurzelfaule. Der Aufgang der Saat, die Pflanzenhohe und Wurzelkrankheiten erreichten wieder Were, die in der Nahe von Pflanzen lagen, die im Boden ohne Pathogen wuschsen, und die Wurzelkerankheiten wurden der Boden mit H. catenoides sie niemals eliminert dann fur 7 Tage vor der Saat ubertfuter wurde oder wenn die Obeflutung und vorherige Inkubationsperioden eliminert waren. Reichilich Inokulum von H. caenoides wurde in einem halb-festen Medium produziert, das Trypton, Glukose und Hefecxtrakt enthielt, in dem die Kulonien suspendierr gehalten wurden. Das Inokulum, zagefuha zu Vermiculit und im Laboratorium aufgehoben, uberlebte gut: Zahlungen von Kolonien nach 25 Wochen zeigten, das noch 63% des Anfangsbestandes vorhanden waren.