cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer Anxiety and Self-Concept of Ability

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes computer anxiety and self-concept of ability. A study is discussed whose results are consistent with the dynamics of inhibition predictions. The combination of low achievement motivation and high test anxiety results in less time at the inhibited activity. This principle has tremendous long range implications for the anxious person. Because test anxious people spend less time at achievement tasks, especially when they can avoid them by choosing nonachievement tasks, they gain fewer skills and face subsequent achievement tasks with less experience and ability. The effect is cumulative, especially in areas like mathematics, where lack of prerequisites preclude a normal progression through increasingly difficult courses. The common finding that test-anxious people spend more time at their tasks is obtained in situations where no avoidance option is available. When the test anxious person cannot physically avoid being in a testing situation, he/she can psychologically avoid by thinking of other things. Worrying about self-worth can be viewed as a consequence of these avoidance thoughts as deadlines approach.
Injuries, Impairment, and Intersecting Identities: The Poor in Buffalo, NY 1851–1913

According to intersectionality theory , the intersection of age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and physical impairment can create dynamic social identities. This theoretical stance is supported by historical and osteological evidence about the former residents of the Erie County Poorhouse . Historical records suggest that, in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, poorhouse “inmates” were generally considered “undeserving poor.” Identities were constructed through the complex interaction of multiple facets of their individual identities. Although the path to the poorhouse varied, one commonality was an inability to work and support oneself. Erie County Hospital annual reports indicated that males were ten times more likely to be treated for traumatic injuries than females. Similar demographic trends were observed in the skeletal sample recovered during salvage excavations at the former Erie County Poorhouse cemetery. Skeletal analyses of 207 adult skeletons indicated that adult males were more than four times as likely to acquire observable appendicular traumatic injuries as adult female. When clinical literature was used as a guide to assess physical impairment, traumatic injuries tended to be more severe in males versus females. These findings suggest that the constituent elements of their social identities predisposed individuals to differential risk of sustaining traumatic injuries and associated physical impairments. Physical impairments may have variously reinforced or altered perceived social identities via the intersection of disabled identities.
Epinephrine correction of impaired platelet thromboxane receptor signaling.

This study evaluated the mechanism of epinephrine potentiation of platelet secretion induced by thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Dog platelets that do not secrete in response to TXA2 alone (TXA2−) were compa...
Skin Moisture and Heat Transfer

One of the functions of the skin is to exchange heat. Heat normally leaves the body by convection, conduction, evaporation, and radiation. It can also be gained by conduction and radiation from outside sources. Pivotal in the exchange of heat is the moisture content of the skin. Skin moisture plays a critical role in the conductive heat movement both across and through the skin. Skin blood flow, a primary means of moving heat across the skin, is a function of the moisture content of the skin; the skin reducing blood flow to a given stimulus if the skin is dry. Therefore, normal senescence of the skin due to aging and diabetes increases skin dryness and reduces the ability of the skin to transfer heat.
An Open Canvas—2D Materials with Defects, Disorder, and Functionality

ConspectusWhile some exceptional properties are unique to graphene only (its signature Dirac-cone gapless dispersion, carrier mobility, record strength), other features are common to other two-dimensional materials. The broader family “beyond graphene” offers greater choices to be explored and tailored for various applications. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and 2D layers of pure elements, like phosphorus or boron, can complement or even surpass graphene in many ways and uses, ranging from electronics and optoelectronics to catalysis and energy storage. Their availability greatly relies on chemical vapor deposition growth of large samples, which are highly polycrystalline and include interfaces such as edges, heterostructures, and grain boundaries, as well as dislocations and point defects. These imperfections do not always degrade the material properties, but they often bring new physics and even useful functionality. It turns particularly interesting in combina...
Release of norepinephrine from the heart by vasoactive amines.

SummaryIntravenous injections of tyramine, phenylethylamine, tryptamine, p-hydroxyamphetamine, amphetamine, ephedrine, mephentermine, and guanethidine were shown to release NE from the heart into the coronary sinus blood of the intact anesthetized dog, while serotonin, methoxamine, and phenylephrine had no such effect. A small but consistent reduction in NE content of atrial appendage was observed following one hour's infusion of tyramine. These observations furnish proof for the concept that release of NE is involved in the pharmacologic action of many of the vasoactive amines.
Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Because high plasma concentrations of cholesterol, in particular those of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are one of the principal risk factors for atherosclerosis,1 the process of atherogenesis has been considered by many to consist largely of the accumulation of lipids within the artery wall; however, it is much more than that. Despite changes in lifestyle and the use of new pharmacologic approaches to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations,2,3 cardiovascular disease continues to be the principal cause of death in the United States, Europe, and much of Asia.4,5 In fact, the lesions of atherosclerosis represent . . .
Transcatheter management of mid-aortic syndrome secondary to myofibroma presenting in infancy with severe left ventricular dysfunction: a case report

In this study, we summarise a case of a myofibroma causing mid-aortic syndrome due to obstruction of the distal thoracic and abdominal aorta leading to severe left ventricular dysfunction. The patient was managed with percutaneous intervention via balloon dilation and stent placement. On follow-up, the patient has normalisation of ventricular function, is off anti-hypertensives, and is being monitored for re-stenosis.
Effect of dopamine on the biological activity and in vitro release of ACTH and FSH.

SummaryPituitary tissue and rat pituitary extracts were incubated with dopamine in vitro. The results indicate that dopamine chemically inactivates ACTH and FSH when incubated in high concentration with these hormones for prolonged periods. The data fail to support a direct effect of dopamine on the pituitary release of ACTH and FSH, and dopamine does not alter the pituitary response to hypothalamic extract.
The Algorithm of Edge Detection Based on Gray Relation and Texture Analysis Method

There were conflicts between the ability of eliminating noise and edge location, the gray relation theory was combined with the LOG edge detector and the image texture analysis, advantage of the similarity among a point in the image was taken as neighborhood pixels’ distribution regularity and the distribution of the template.It puts forward the algorithm of edge detection based on gray relation and texture analysis method and provides the process of implementation.The test results show that the edge detection algorithm can detect more image edges with the same spatial coefficient, and the edge continuity is excellent.
Autocrine production and TGF-beta 1-mediated effects on metabolism and viability in renal cells

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) treatment (0.2-2.0 ng/ml, 8-80 M) of confluent primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal bular cells (RPTC) for 6 consecutive days resulted in both a ...
Oxytocin-induced parturition in copper-deficient guinea pigs.

Dietary copper-deficient guinea pig dams (0.8 microgram Cu/g diet) were administered oxytocin to induce delivery of pups, whereas dietary copper-sufficient guinea pig dams (5.8 micrograms Cu/g diet) had uneventful deliveries with 79% surviving pups. The copper-deficient dams carried the fully-formed fetuses to term but did not go into labor unless 0.5 to 6.2 U oxytocin was administered (i.m.). Birth of live pups from copper-deficient dams increased from 28% overall, to 50% if oxytocin was administered in a timely manner. Many pups died of internal hemorrhages probably the result of defective connective tissue crosslinks requiring copper as a co-factor for lysyl oxidase activity. Dietary copper deficiency may be a factor in depressed parturition in the copper-deficient guinea pig dam that responds to administration of exogenous oxytocin for delivery of pups.
Nonexcisional Therapy for Benign Skin Lesions

Benign skin lesions are commonly seen and treated in the physician's office using standard equipment. These simple techniques may be easily learned and can and should be effectively employed by plastic surgeons.
A Revision in the Government Mountain-Sitgreaves Peak, Arizona, Obsidian Hydration Rate

ABSTRACTA revised hydration rate for obsidian from the central Arizona Government Mountain-Sitgreaves Peak source area is presented. Data obtained since 1975 suggest that the hydration characteristics of obsidian from 1 to 6,000 years B.P. can best be predicted using a simple squared diffusion model. This new rate improves the accuracy of previously reported rates and, consequently, will increase the usefulness of obsidian hydration dating throughout central and northern Arizona.
Effects of Observed Violence on Females: A Critical Review

Beginning with the work of social learning theorists in the early 1960s (e.g., Bandura, 1963, 1965; Bandura, Ross, and Ross, 1965), and culminating with the publication of the Report of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior in 1972, the issue of televised violence and its effects on children had grown into a widely researched and provocative area of study. Examples of research efforts are abundant. Topographically, Bandura reported that children imitate exactly the behavior they see (1963, 1965). Also, children recall (acquire) direct acts of aggression for long periods of time (Hicks, 1965). Notions about the general disinhibition (facilitation) effects of violence have also been studied: Longitudinal studies show that children grow more accepting of violence as a function of increased viewing (e.g., Dominick and Greenberg, 1972), and experimental studies have shown lowered sensitivity to aggression (Drabman and Thomas, 1974) and decreases in helping behavior (Hapkiewicz and Roden, 1971).
Simulating multisensor noninvasive blood glucose monitoring systems

Diabetes and related complications are responsible for early death - one person in every 7 seconds. Long term and short term complications due to diabetes can be reduced through proper diet, physical exercise, and medication. In order to assess the pattern of glucose changes of diabetic patients (for determining the appropriate drugs), concentration of glucose in blood needs to be monitored. The pain and inconvenience (due to pricking fingers) in the current invasive blood glucose monitoring technique has led to the emergence of noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (NIBGM) techniques. In this paper, we propose a multisensor NIBGM system using infrared (IR) sensor and ultrasonic micro-electro-micro mechanical (MEMS) technology. We simulate the proposed NIBGM system using COMSOL Multiphysics software and calibrate the system using Matlab code. Lead free piezoelectric materials are evaluated for ultrasonic sensors. Behavior of ultrasonic MEMS is simulated by varying the concentration of blood glucose. The simulation results are cross validated with actual glucose concentration to assess errors. According to simulation results and Clarke error grid analysis (EGA), the proposed NIBGM system has potential to enhance accuracy. By adding easiness and comfort (due to no pricking), the proposed multisensor NIBGM device should provide better assistance to monitor and manage diabetes.
Never make assumptions: the complicated role of complement in urinary tract infections

Complement activation can cause tissue inflammation and injury, and complement-inhibitory drugs are effective treatments for several inflammatory diseases. The complement cascade is part of the body's defense against bacteria and other pathogens, however, and a major concern regarding inhibition of this system is that it may increase the risk for infection. Now, a study by Choudhry et al. demonstrates that blockade of signaling at one of the C5a receptors (C5a receptor 1 [C5aR1]) reduces renal fibrosis in a mouse model of urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli . Surprisingly, C5aR1 blockade was also associated with faster clearance of the infection. The results of this study demonstrate that C5a—a highly proinflammatory molecule—reduces bacterial killing by macrophages. Other recent studies have also shown that C5a impairs the elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. These data indicate that complement inhibition may have some unexpected benefits. These results also demonstrate, however, that the complement cascade probably has physiologic functions that have yet to be discovered.
Ethnic/Racial, Religious, and Demographic Predictors of Organ Donor Registration Status Among Young Adults in the Southwestern United States:

Context and Setting:New Mexico (NM) is a minority–majority state. Despite its unique cultural characteristics and documented ethnic/racial disparities in deceased organ donation (DOD), past studies...
A study of power consumption on MSP432 family of microcontrollers for lossless data compression

We empirically study power consumptions of two linear transformations and lossless data compression algorithms on a TI MSP432 microcontroller. We developed a custom circuit using a TI INA219 breakout board and an Arduino Uno R3 board and programmed it to record power usage automatically. We validated the accuracy of our measurements with that obtained from TI EnergyTrace software. Our experimental results show that arithmetic coder consumed the least power and required the lowest time for a compression gain of 21.89%. However, when data was preprocessed with the move-to-front transformation and compressed with an arithmetic coder, computation time and energy usage increased only by 21%, while compression gain nearly doubled to 38.39%.
GRETINA: A gamma ray energy tracking array

A gamma-ray energy tracking array (GRETA) is a new concept for the detection of gamma radiation. In such an array, the individual interactions of all the gamma rays are identified by their energies and positions. Then, using tracking algorithms based on the properties of gamma ray interactions, the scattering sequences are reconstructed. GRETA will give high peak efficiency, peak-to-background ratio, and position resolution. Recent research and development efforts have demonstrated that the construction of a gamma ray tracking array is feasible, and a plan for constructing a US array GRETINA is in place.
Quantitative Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry Reveal Insights into Cellular and Molecular Processes in the Infarct Border Zone One Month after Myocardial Infarction

Postinfarction remodeling and expansion of the peri-infarct border zone (BZ) directly correlate with mortality following myocardial infarction (MI); however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remodeling processes in the BZ remain unclear. Herein, we utilized a label-free quantitative proteomics approach in combination with immunohistochemical analyses to gain a better understanding of processes contributing to postinfarction remodeling of the peri-infarct BZ in a swine model of MI with reperfusion. Our analysis uncovered a significant down-regulation of proteins involved in energy metabolism, indicating impaired myocardial energetics and possibly mitochondrial dysfunction, in the peri-scar BZ. An increase in endothelial and vascular smooth muscles cells, as well as up-regulation of proteins implicated in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and marked changes in the expression of extracellular matrix and subendothelial basement membrane proteins, is indicative of active angio...
Levy walk in lattice-gas hydrodynamics

We describe an algorithmic implementation of Levy walks in lattice gas hydrodynamics, which we use to discuss the effects of turbulence in flow around an infinite cylinder. We describe our results on pressure around the cylinder, drag, and coherence of the Von Karman vortex street.
Chapter 19 – Cardiac Stem Cells: Biology and Therapeutic Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the biology of cardiac stem cells and the growing body of knowledge regarding cell-based therapeutics. Mammalian cardiogenesis involves proper synchrony of function among a diverse population of cells that comprise the heart such as atrial/ventricular cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epicardial cells, conduction system cells, valvular components, and connective tissue. The role of cardiac neural crest precursors is ultimately to give rise to the vascular smooth muscle of the aortic arch, ductus arteriosus, and great vessel, as well as to contribute to the cardiac autonomic nervous system. The proepicardial cells give rise to the smooth muscle cells of the coronary vessels and other epicardial cells. Finally, cardiogenic mesodermal precursor(s) are responsible for the formation of the cardiomyocytes and are most likely to be the source of reservoirs of precursor cells post-natally. Currently there are several contemplated mechanisms of actions underlying successful cell-based therapeutics, each with varying degrees of experimental support. These include differentiation, paracrine signaling, fusion, and cell autonomous niche reconstitution. Ex vivo culture of adult and embryonic stem cells under specific conditions such as the hanging drop technique, stimulation by biochemical compounds, or coculture with cardiac myocytes have demonstrated the capacity of stem cells to differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes and vascular lineages.
Rebooting Information Technology Programs: Panel

The continuing worldwide demand for a diverse, competent, computing workforce has had a major impact on undergraduate information technology (IT) education. New degree programs in IT have been created and existing IT programs have been recreated. The enormity of the demand for IT graduates, as well as societal pressures, require such rebooted IT programs to attract a diverse student body. The panelists will describe their experiences and present different perspectives toward rebooting IT education to handle technological changes, to ensure competent graduates via program accreditation, and to address issues of diversity and inclusion.
Optimization of Toric IOL Calculation

Implantation of toric IOLs is a predictable method of treating corneal astigmatism and results in good visual and refractive outcomes. The ideal toric IOL candidate has regular and symmetric astigmatism, but patients with mild, stable irregular astigmatism may also benefit. Ignoring the effect of the posterior corneal astigmatism on the total corneal astigmatism leads to astigmatism prediction errors when implanting toric IOLs. It is preferable to leave patients with a slight amount of with-the-rule astigmatism to compensate for the against-the-rule shift that occurs with advancing age. The most important complication of toric IOLs is misalignment of the IOL, which can occur due to (1) inaccurate calculation of the ideal IOL alignment, (2) inaccurate alignment of the IOL during surgery, or (3) postoperative rotation of the IOL.
A comprehensive analysis of argonaute-CLIP data identifies novel, conserved and species-specific targets of miR-21 in human liver and hepatocellular carcinoma

MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding messenger RNA transcripts. miR-21 is described as an oncomiR whose steady-state levels are commonly increased in many malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods known as cross-linking and immunoprecipitation of RNA followed by sequencing (CLIP-seq) have enabled transcriptome-wide identification of miRNA interactomes. In our study, we use a publicly available Argonaute-CLIP dataset (GSE97061), which contains nine HCC cases with matched benign livers, to characterize the miR-21 interactome in HCC. Argonaute-CLIP identified 580 miR-21 bound target sites on coding transcripts, of which 332 were located in the coding sequences, 214 in the 3'-untranslated region, and 34 in the 5'-untranslated region, introns, or downstream sequences. We compared the expression of miR-21 targets in 377 patients with liver cancer from the data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that mRNA levels of 402 miR-21 targets are altered in HCC. Expression of three novel predicted miR-21 targets (CAMSAP1, DDX1 and MARCKSL1) correlated with HCC patient survival. Analysis of RNA-seq data from SK-Hep1 cells treated with a miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide (GSE65892) identified RMND5A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a strong miR-21 candidate target. Collectively, our analysis identified novel miR-21 targets that are likely to play a causal role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in children and adolescents

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) affects up to 3,000,000 people in the United States, with at least one-third of them developing POTS before the age of 18. POTS as a disorder is similar in adult and pediatric populations, but there are factors specific to pediatric patients that affect how it presents and how it is experienced that make pediatric POTS different. This review discusses the both the similarities in this population to their adult counterparts and the unique challenges faced by pediatric POTS patients, including management of schooling and education as well as the complex interactions between these pediatric patients and their parents.
Essentials and future directions of robotic esophageal surgery

Although dramatic advancements have been made since the first reported esophagectomy in 1911, surgery of the esophagus remains one of the most challenging operations with high morbidity and mortality. Introduction and continuous development of laparoscopic techniques during the last two decades have led to a significant shift in the treatment algorithm of esophageal diseases, and, in most cases, minimally invasive esophageal surgery has now replaced open procedures as the standard of care. Recently, robotic applications in the realm of minimally invasive esophageal surgery are gaining acceptance, and this chapter will explore the safety and feasibility of such techniques.
Disclosures with Information Externalities: The role of Information Transfers Across Markets

The existence of many markets that a firm simultaneously accesses creates 'information transfer', an event that occurs when the price formed in one market reveals information to another. With such interaction between markets, the usual intuition of disclosures enhancing information does not always hold. Disclosures may destroy information by obscuring information signals revealed by the firm's market prices, especially when market participants are diverse in processing the firm's disclosures. A firm may then decide to withhold such disclosures - even ones whose contents have a positive effect on market value - to avoid the information loss.
The impact of buyer-supplier relationship quality and information management on industrial vending machine benefits in the healthcare industry

Abstract Despite the calls for a deeper understanding of SCM in the healthcare industry, theoretical research focused on healthcare buyer-supplier collaboration, specifically inventory management issues, remains nascent and fragmented. Although slow to change, healthcare organizations have begun to consider alternative inventory management systems to improve inventory control and patient care. Industrial vending machines (IVM) can help healthcare organizations address inventory management issues. Grounded in transaction cost economics and contingency theory, this research develops and empirically tests a model that highlights the critical role of information management in the link between buyer-supplier relationship quality and performance outcomes within the context of IVM implementation and use in the healthcare industry. Based on survey data from healthcare managers, results indicate that both information management and relationship quality are tied to a series of benefits in the context of collaborative buyer-supplier IVM agreements.
Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Hydroamination/Cyclization. Efficient Allene-Based Transformations for the Syntheses of Naturally Occurring Alkaloids

The total syntheses of the pyrrolidine alkaloid (+)-197B (1) and pyrrolizidine alkaloid (+)-xenovenine (2) are described. The strategy involves enantioselective syntheses of the aminoallene, (5S,8S)-5-amino-trideca-8,9-diene (3), and the aminoallene-alkene, (5S)-5-amino-pentadeca-1,8,9-triene (4), which then undergo regio- and stereoselective cyclohydroamination catalyzed by the organolanthanide precatalysts Cp‘2LnCH(TMS)2 and Me2SiCp‘ ‘(tBuN)LnN(TMS)2 (Cp‘ = η5-Me5C5; Cp‘ ‘ = η5-Me4C5; Ln = lanthanide; TMS = Me3Si). These reactive organolanthanide complexes efficiently mediate highly diastereoselective intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization (IHC) reactions under mild conditions. The turnover-limiting step in these catalytic cycles is proposed to be intramolecular insertion into the Ln−N bond of the proximal allenic CC linkage, followed by rapid protonolytic cleavage of the resulting Ln−C bond. The rate and selectivity of the insertion process is highly sensitive to the steric demands of the substrate.
C1q-latex assay for immune complexes. Complexes that react with both C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor in lupus erythematosus and lung cancer.

A solid phase radioassay for measurement of ICs in biological fluids is described in which ICs present in test sample bind to C1q immobilized on latex particles and bound complexes are quantitated by reaction with radioiodinated mRF. The radioassay can reproducibly measure 10 ng of aggregated human IgG in serum and differentiate soluble complexes from IC-like materials that precipitate with centrifugation or low temperature or stick to test tube walls. Reagents used in the assay, including C1q-L, can be stored for extended periods of time before use. One hundred four of 171 sera from patients with SLE and 8 of 50 sera from patients with LC, assayed by this method, contained elevated levels of ICs relative to controls . IC levels determined by this method correlated with IC data generated by 125I-C1q-PEG precipitation. Raji cell radioimmune assay, and solid-phase conglutinin assay, in some cases but not other.
Cahokia: Urbanization, Metabolism, and Collapse

Cahokia in the 12th century A.D. was the largest metropolitan area and the most complex political system in North America north of Mexico. Its metabolism depended on an area of high natural and agricultural productivity. As it grew, Cahokia absorbed much of the rural population, transforming their labor from agriculture to public works. As Cahokia collapsed, this population first reoccupied the countryside, then left the region. Cahokia’s sustaining area was largely abandoned for centuries, suggesting that environmental degradation had made the region unsuitable for settlement, let alone the ability to support a metropolis. Factors pertinent to understanding the collapse of Cahokia include the societal metabolism, complexity, level of public works, the status of the support population, growth within the elite stratum, and trends in the American Bottom environment.
The Prima Facie Burden and the Vanishing SEPA Threshold: Washington's Emerging Preference for Efficiency over Accuracy

The purpose of the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (“SEPA”) is simple: governmental action should be environmentally informed. This simple goal stands in contrast to a history of development permitting, legislative proposals, and other governmental actions that are memorable for their lack of foresight in decisions involving environmental impacts. To prevent the continuation of such practices, SEPA requires agencies to prepare “a detailed statement” that ensures decision makers have “sufficient information to make a reasoned decision.” Although the informational goals of SEPA culminate in the environmental impact statement (EIS), the heart of environmental decision making lies in the precursor to the EIS, known as the threshold environmental determination. The threshold determination requires the acting agency to determine whether, based on context and intensity, the impacts of a particular proposal warrant the in-depth analysis typical of an EIS. Accordingly, the threshold determination must be based on a minimally adequate record of information. On the other hand, the threshold determination process embodies agency efficiency by recognizing that not all projects require the expensive and detailed preparation of an EIS. The process limits review to the probable, but not speculative, environmental impacts, and provides judicial deference for the agency's threshold determination. Despite the simplicity and common sense underlying SEPA, a breakdown between SEPA's goals and duties has appeared at the threshold stage in the environmental review process. In the first thirty years of SEPA litigation, the legislature, courts, regulatory agencies, developers, and even the concerned public have troubled the SEPA landscape by confusing this otherwise simple procedural scheme. In the resulting complex system of burdens and presumptions, the simplicity of SEPA has become lost in the law, and in the process, the informational purposes of SEPA have given way to agency efficiency.
Investigating method and managing strategy of abnormal line loss in distribution network based on load characteristics

Line loss is an important characteristic parameter of operation reliability and economy of distribution network and a key index of smart grid management and customer-side lean operation of power supply enterprises. However, line loss is affected by multiple influence factors, and there is no mature method to analyze the abnormal line loss quickly and then analyze and locate the fault, which objectively leads to the limited power supply reliability and long abnormal maintenance time of distribution network. This paper presents an investigating method and managing strategy of abnormal line loss in distribution network based on load characteristics, which is able to realize reason analysis and location judge of abnormal line loss with methods like hierarchical diversion and correlation analysis. The method and strategy had been proved to be able to improve working efficiency and quality, save manpower and material resources.
Analysis of Recent Trends in Automatic Object Identification

Automatic object identification (auto-ID) involves techniques for automatically identifying objects using visual features or tags with unique identification codes. These auto-ID systems then transfer the collected identification information to computer systems for further data management. In this paper, we analyze the existing auto-ID techniques for physically tagged objects.
Distributional impacts of carbon pricing policies under the Paris Agreement: Inter and intra-regional perspectives

Achievement of the stringent global greenhouse gas emissions reduction target, like the one outlined in the Paris Climate Agreement, is associated with significant implementation costs and could impact different dimensions of human well-being. In this paper, we analyze the poverty and distributional impacts of different carbon pricing mechanisms consistent with reaching the Paris Agreement targets. We link a global recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model ENVISAGE with the GIDD microsimulation model and explore three levels of mitigation effort and five carbon pricing options (trade coalitions). Results suggest that while there is a higher incidence of poverty in all scenarios, mainly driven by lower economic growth, Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) policies result in progressive income distribution at the global level. Such progressivity is caused not only by lower relative prices of food versus non- food commodities, but also by a general decline in skill wage premia. Achievement of the NDC targets without regional cooperation results in 0.45% increase in the number of people living in extreme poverty (below PPP$1.90/day) by 2030, while a more ambitious 2oC-consistent target increases this number to 1.25%. Global cooperation significantly eases the burden on poor, reducing the poverty headcount (additional number of people leaving in extreme poverty) by almost three times in the case of 2oC-consistent target and bringing it to the baseline scenario level in the case of NDC target. The global Gini coefficient falls between 0.01 and 0.04 percentage points depending on the mitigation effort and collaboration mode, while reduction in the Theil index is between 0.01 and 0.11 percentage points. Results also indicate that the reductions in inequality come mainly from reduction in income from top earners, as the results are much more sensitive to the NDC policies closer to the top of the income distribution.
Harmonic optical tomography of nonlinear structures

Second-harmonic generation microscopy is a valuable label-free modality for imaging non-centrosymmetric structures and has important biomedical applications from live-cell imaging to cancer diagnosis. Conventional second-harmonic generation microscopy measures intensity signals that originate from tightly focused laser beams, preventing researchers from solving the scattering inverse problem for second-order nonlinear materials. Here, we present harmonic optical tomography (HOT) as a novel modality for imaging microscopic, nonlinear and inhomogeneous objects. The HOT principle of operation relies on inter-ferometrically measuring the complex harmonic field and using a scattering inverse model to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of harmonophores. HOT enables strong axial sectioning via the momentum conservation of spatially and temporally broadband fields. We illustrate the HOT operation with experiments and reconstructions on a beta-barium borate crystal and various biological specimens. Although our results involve second-order nonlinear materials, we show that this approach applies to any coherent nonlinear process.
Maximizing outcomes in a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB open tibia fracture with segmental bone loss: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB open fractures are severe injuries associated with multiple complications and threaten the viability of the limb. In addition, large segmental bone defects pose reconstructive challenges when treating open fractures and outcomes can be unpredictable. This case report highlights a good outcome in a patient with a type IIIB open tibia fracture with segmental bone loss that was successfully treated with a staged induced membrane technique and latissimus dorsi free flap. Case report A 17-year-old female sustained a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB open tibia fracture with segmental bone loss after a motor vehicle collision. While amputation seemed inevitable, her extremity was able to be salvaged using the staged induced membrane technique and free flap coverage. She made an exceptional recovery and at 24-month follow-up, her short form-12 scores and foot and ankle outcome scores were close to the average for a healthy adult. Conclusion Our patient's outcome represents the benefits of a shared decision-making process with a multidisciplinary approach and highlights the benefit of limb salvage in a healthy patient.
PET Imaging of PARP Expression Using 18F-Olaparib.

502 Objectives: Urothelial Bladder Cancer (UBC) affects >80,000 new patients annually. Treatment is stage dependent, thus accurate staging with conventional imaging and biopsy are crucial, but are often inaccurate. To improve visualization of primary disease, the extent of loco-regional disease and the presence or absence of metastatic lesions, a large number of PET biomarkers have been developed. However serious limitations, including urinary excretion of radioactivity, compromises their ability to accurately assess the bladder lumen and invasive tumors. This ongoing investigation is aimed to validate a hypothesis that VPAC (combined for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP)) receptors expressed in high density on UBC cells can be targeted to PET image UBC, its loco-regional disease and metastatic lesions. Materials and Methods:64Cu-TP3805, shown in our laboratory to have high affinity (3.1 x 10-9 M) for VPAC was the imaging agent. Patients (M, N=15, 44-80 yrs.) diagnosed with invasive UBC scheduled for radical cystectomy were enrolled. Chemotherapy eligible patients were treated with standard of care cisplatin regimens. All subjects were administered 148±10% MBq 64Cu-TP3805 (20 µg) intravenously. Urine and blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Patients then underwent PET/CT imaging 90 minutes later. Images were read independently by two nuclear medicine physicians. Radical cystoprostatectomy and lymphadenectomy was performed 1 to 4 weeks later, and VPAC PET images were correlated with final surgical pathology. Results: There were no adverse events. Blood clearance, t½ (∝), was 22.3 ± 2.7 min (> 85%) and t½ (β) was 118.2 ± 4.9 min (< 15%). Urinary excretion of radioactivity was negligible. As confirmed by post cystectomy histology, PET images were true positive in the bladder for UBC in 10 patients and true negative in 4. There was one false negative image. When examining the prostate, there was PET uptake in 12 patients. Of these, 5 patients had incidental prostate cancer or HGPIN; 2 patients had UCB involving the prostate; and 5 patients had negative histology in the prostate. PET image was true positive for one lymph node, true negative for 11 and false negative in 3. In one patient several bone lesions in iliac crest and spine were seen by PET imaging. Biopsy of iliac crest confirmed metastasis. These pilot data demonstrate 64Cu-TP3805 VPAC targeting for imaging UBC has 91% sensitivity (95% CI 59%-100%), 100% specificity (95% CI 40%-100%) , and has positive predictive and negative predictive values 100% (95% CI 69%-100) and 80% (95% CI 38%-96%), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this first-in-human study to image UBC by targeting VPAC receptor are encouraging. Further investigation continues. Acknowledgement: Supported in part by NIH, NCI R01 157372 (MLT) Dean’s Translational Science Award (MLT) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Award (MLT).
Online and in-Person Delivery of Upper Division Lecture Courses in Undergraduate Life Sciences Degree Programs Leads to Equivalent Post-Graduate Degree Outcomes

Although many studies demonstrate that online education is as good as face-to-face education with regard to learning gains, course grades, and other near-term metrics, there is a major gap in exploring the long-term outcomes of online vs. face-to-face education, particularly in STEM programs. In this study, the effect of course delivery method on the long-term academic success of B.S. graduates was tested by comparing two similar life sciences undergraduate programs at the University of Florida. The Microbiology and Cell Science program teaches all upper division lecture courses online while the Biology program teaches nearly all of its upper division courses face-to-face. Graduate degree outcomes of 4978 students who completed their B.S. degree from either program (2011–2018) were determined using StudentTracker from the National Student Clearinghouse. The percentage of graduates with any doctoral degree (M.D., D.O., Ph.D., or other) did not differ. However, a significantly higher percentage of Microbiology and Cell Science graduates completed a Ph.D. or master’s degree compared to Biology graduates. Thus, online delivery of upper division undergraduate courses had no adverse effect on the future academic success of these students.
Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Cervix

This chapter presents the most relevant epithelial, mesenchymal, and mixed benign neoplasms encountered in the uterine cervix. Compared to malignant lesions, benign neoplastic proliferations of the cervix are rare, but they often manifest clinically and may raise concern for a malignant process. The pathologist must be aware of these lesions and consider them in the differential diagnosis. The histomorphology is usually sufficient to determine the benign nature of these lesions, but on occasion, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis may be required. Thorough sampling, and ideally, complete excision of the lesion is needed to confidently assign a benign diagnosis.
Superiority of serum NFL in predicting Multiple Sclerosis severity

Objective: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL) is becoming an important biomarker of neuroaxonal injury. While sNFL correlates with cerebrospinal fluid NFL (cNFL), 40-60% of variance remains unexplained. Assuming that for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the cNFL better reflects CNS injury, our goal was to develop and validate adjustment of sNFL for relevant confounders, to strengthen cNFL-sNFL correlations. Methods: We used 1,378 matched cNFL-sNFL pairs divided into training and validation cohort with matching data on 11 confounders, neuroexam, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The effect of confounders on cNFL-sNFL relationship was tested using multiple linear regression (MLR) model. Propensity score matching was used to identify effect of spinal cord damage on sNFL levels. Results: In the training cohort (n=898) we correlated 11 confounders with the residuals from cNFL-sNFL linear regression. Four non-overlapping confounders explaining highest proportion of variance (12%: age, 8.7%: blood urea nitrogen, 3%: alkaline phosphatase, and 3.9%: weight) were used in MLR model. The model strengthened the cNFL-sNFL correlation from R2 = 0.52 to 0.64 in the independent validation cohort and strengthened correlation of adjusted sNFL with number of contrast-enhancing lesions (from R2 0.11 to 0.18). However, only sNFL, but not cNFL correlated with MS severity outcomes. Using propensity score matching, we demonstrated that subjects with proportionally higher sNFL to cNFL levels have significantly higher clinical and radiological evidence of spinal cord injury. Interpretation: Superiority of sNFL likely resides in the release of NFL from axons of lower motor or dorsal ganglia neurons directly to blood.
Co-Design of Integrated Propeller and Inner Rotor PMSM for Electric Aircraft Application

A co-design of an electric aircraft powertrain optimization is investigated in this paper. Number of propulsors, gear ratio, propeller and motor geometry are considered as system design variables. Optimization of the system design for high overall system efficiency and low mass is attempted with considerations for winding temperature, current density, iron flux density, and machine aspect ratio. The powertrain was sized to deliver thrust according to a simple set of mission requirements at desired flight speed for a representative passenger aircraft. The results suggested that small propulsor counts are optimal for low weight and high efficiency, and that an ideal propeller speed exists for a given co-design problem
Food Waste in Schools: A Pre-/Post-test Study Design Examining the Impact of a Food Service Training Intervention to Reduce Food Waste.

This study aimed to assess change in school-based food waste after training and implementing the Smarter Lunchrooms Movement (SLM) strategies with school food service workers. This non-controlled trial was implemented in a random sample of 15 elementary and middle schools in a Community Eligibility Program school district in the Northeast, the United States. Baseline and post-intervention food waste measurements were collected at two different time points in each school (n = 9258 total trays measured). Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and regression analyses were used to assess SLM strategies’ impact on changes in percent food waste. The mean number of strategies schools implemented consistently was 7.40 ± 6.97 SD, with a range of 0 to 28 consistent strategies. Independent t-tests revealed that at post-test, there was a significant (p < 0.001) percent reduction (7.0%) in total student food waste and for each food component: fruit (13.6%), vegetable (7.1%), and milk (4.3%). Overall, a training session on food waste and the SLM strategies with school-based food service workers reduced school food waste. However, the extent of the training and SLM strategies to reduce food waste varied on the basis of the consistency and type of strategies implemented.
The prescience and paradox of Erich Fromm: A note on the performative contradictions of critical theory:

As social theorists seek to understand the contemporary challenges of radical populism, we would do well to reconsider the febrile insights of the psychoanalytic social theorist Erich Fromm. It was...
Reasonable Factors Other than Age: The Emerging Specter of Ageist Stereotypes

This article will examine the possible meanings of “reasonable factors other than age” and suggest a solution. Part II will briefly describe the ADEA generally. Part III will examine the recent Supreme Court cases that have addressed RFOA. Part IV will explore the possible meanings of RFOA by reviewing the hierarchy of employment discrimination defenses. Part V will fit RFOA into the hierarchy and investigate recent judicial interpretations. Part VI will explain the solution, which is to require employers to justify criteria that obviously impact older workers, such as seniority and higher salary. Part VII will conclude.
Looking at lateralization as a dynamic and plastic feature of nervous systems.

In the last few decades, research on lateralization has expanded our knowledge about the manifestation, development, and mechanisms of this fascinating feature of nervous systems. This has been possible not only thanks to human studies, but to the use of animal models and the introduction of ground-breaking techniques within this research field. However, recent studies have also demonstrated how complex this phenomenon is and highlighted that we still lack a complete understanding of brain and behavioural asymmetries. Here, I comment on two of the challenges presented by Ocklenburg and colleagues that research on lateralization has to face in the next future. I argue that, in order to improve our understanding of lateralization, we have to consider it as a dynamic and plastic characteristic, which is strongly influenced by both internal factors, such as an animal’s motivation and emotional states, and external factors, including the physical environment and the social context.