cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The history of dynamic approaches to personality

Abstract The study of personality dynamics has a long history of being said to be important, but a much shorter history of actually being examined. We give an overview of the past 100 years of research on dynamic processes and suggest how recent methodological and analytic techniques can be applied to the important problem of studying individual differences in the coherent patterning over time of affect, behavior, and cognition.
Information technology transfer to African nations: An economic development mandate

The global revolution caused by the advancement and deployment of information technology (IT) demands the full involvement of the entire international community if the technology is to be ultimately effective. IT which continues to revolutionize all facets of life in the developed world has the potential to affect African countries in historic proportions. IT presents several opportunities and challenges for developing African countries, including Africa. There are opportunities for fostering technological capabilities, and thus enhancing the prospect of economic development. This paper highlights the opportunities facing African countries in the information age. The challenges that African countries must face in order to experience the full impact of the technology are discussed. A policy framework for the transfer of IT to African countries is presented and several Internet resources relating to IT transfer in Africa are provided.
Integrated DC/DC parallel PnP PV architecture method for powering residential buildings

This paper proposes a novel integrated plug and play (PnP) DC/DC parallel PV architecture for powering residential buildings. The scheme is based on low cost PV converters (first stage) integrated into one mechanical enclosure along with a second stage grid tied centralized inverter or converter in the case of DC powered applications. The technique limits the requirements of the first stage converters to operation in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while supporting power curtailment. All communications to the grid or to other applications are proposed to be provided by the said centralized inverter or converter. Furthermore, a novel approach to improve the racking installation time is also proposed in this paper. The outcome of the said configuration as well as the proposed racking improvement method is a lower cost and simpler to implement PnP system. System configuration and the proposed improved racking installation diagrams as well as experimental results are illustrated in this paper.
Data-Driven inverse modelling of ionic polymer conductive composite plates

Analytical solutions of the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the behavior of ionic polymer plates have not been yet obtained and therefore only time consuming discrete numerical methods can be used instead. To avoid the computational cost of numerical solutions this paper introduces a solution construction method that exploits analytical approximation basis functions borrowed from solutions of single physics formulations associated with rectangular ionic polymer plates for artificial muscle applications. This is achieved by utilizing an inverse approach that exploits global optimization. An objective function is constructed to express the error between the experimental and analytical values of the selected state variables. Minimization of this objective function yields an efficient determination of the unknown free coefficients. Comparisons between the determined approximations and the experimental data along with computational efficiency improvements conclude this paper.
The Effects of the No Child Left Behind Act on Career and Technical Education: Implications for Students with Special Needs

With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), redefined expectations and accountability appeared concerning education of students in the nation's schools (McLeod, D'Amico, & Protheroe, 2003). The focus of this article is to examine the ramifications of NCLB on students with special needs. In addition, given NCLB, the idea of inclusion for career and technical education now needs rethinking; and the methods of monitoring student success may need to be redefined.
Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (enzootic Ataxia) of lambs

An electron microscopic study of the corpus callosum of normal and swayback lambs has revealed morphological evidence of normal myelinogenesis in both groups of animals. Axons wrapped by two cell processes were frequently encountered. Reactive changes were found in axons in the swayback lambs. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Calcium-dependent potassium currents in neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex.

1. Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents were studied in large pyramidal neurons (Betz cells) from layer V of cat sensorimotor cortex by use of an in vitro brain slice and single microelectrode voltage clam...
Amino acid sequence of an alpha-delta-glycophorin hybrid. A structure reciprocal to Sta delta-alpha-glycophorin hybrid.

In this report we examine the primary sequence of a variant glycophorin obtained from erythrocytes of an individual who exhibits an unusual MNSs blood group phenotype. We show that this protein is a hybrid molecule constructed from sequences of α- and α-glycophorins (glycophorins A and B) in a α-δ arrangement. Serological typing revealed that the donor's phenotype was M+N+S+s+U+; yet his erythrocytes reacted with some but not all examples of anti-S antisera. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a variant glycophorin band, and immunoblotting and reaction with N-glycanase suggested that its amino terminus resembled that of M-α-glycophorin but that its carboxyl terminus did not. A preparation highly enriched in the variant was obtained and used to generate peptide fragments for sequencing. The sequence revealed that the variant was a hybrid molecule whose amino terminus corresponded to M-α-glycophorin and whose carboxyl terminus corresponded to S-δ-glycophorin. CNBr cleavage of the variant glycophorin yielded four peptides. The sequence of the amino-terminal CNBr peptide (residues 1–8) was identical to the amino-terminal octapeptide of M-α-glycophorin. The proceeding peptide (residues 9–61) contained a segment identical to residues 9–58 of α glycophorin, but its carboxyl-terminal sequence had the Gly-Glu-Met sequence from S-δ-glycophorin (residues 27–29). The other two peptides, insoluble in aqueous solutions, contained highly hydrophobic sequences, identical to residues 30–52 and 53–68 of δ-glycophorin. Sequences of overlapping peptides generated by trypsin and V8 protease confirmed the hybrid nature of the variant glycophorin: residues 1–58 were identical to residues 1–58 of M-α-glycophorin, and residues 59–100 were entirely identical to residues 27–68 of S-δ-glycophorin. The variant glycophorin is expected to have 4 additional residues at its carboxyl terminus that correspond to the carboxyl-terminal residues 69–72 of δ-glycophorin. The amino acid sequence arrangement of the variant α-δ-glycophorin is an exact reciprocal of that found in another hybrid glycophorin, Sta, that is a δ-α hybrid. We propose that the two hybrid glycophorins represent the two possible products resulting from a reciprocal recombination event.
DNA origami: single cell analysis of T cell receptors without single cell sorting. (LYM7P.719)

The immune system must be able to recognize virtually any pathogen (diversity) while maintaining enough cells specific for each pathogen in order to mount an effective response (protection). T cells generate diversity by imprecise joining of gene segments to generate alpha/beta heterodimeric receptors. Linking sequence information for TCRα and TCRβ from individual cells has been problematic due to the cost of single cell sorting and inadequate molecular approaches for linking mRNA encoding these proteins. We have developed novel DNA origami nanostructures to capture and protect both TCRα and TCRβ mRNA from individual cells, which can then be physically linked via a unique dual-primed reverse-transcription and ligation reaction to generate single amplicons containing both TCR from individual cells for use in next generation sequencing. We have demonstrated high efficiency transfection and recovery of DNA origami, optimized methods for purification with bound TCR mRNA, and validated this approach with transgenic T cells expressing a known TCR sequence. Surprisingly, we find that <1% of TCR are shared even between genetically identical individuals, challenging the idea of “public” TCR. This approach is directly amenable to single cell analysis of other immune receptors (or other species) by relatively simple modifications of the origami sequences, and could be applied to virtually any heterogeneous cell population for which sequence information on any two genes is required.
A Temperature‐Sensitive Drug Release System Based on Phase‐Change Materials

Phase-change materials (PCMs), including 1-tetradecanol with a melting point at 38–39 °C and dodecanoic acid with a melting point at 43–46 °C were exploited as thermosensitive materials to demonstrate a new temperature-regulated drug release system. In this approach, colloidal particles containing FITC-dextran were embedded in the PCM matrix and processed as spheres or rods. When temperature was below the melting point of the PCM, there was no release of FITC-dextran due to the hydrophobic nature of the PCM. As the temperature was increased beyond the melting point, the PCM began to melt, the encapsulated particles leached out, and eventually FITC-dextran was released from the colloidal particles. By using colloidal particles made of gelatin, chitosan, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) that have different solubility in water, we could manipulate the release pattern of FITC-dextran. We also demonstrated a dual temperature-regulated drug release system by incorporating two different PCMs into the same device. As an attractive feature, we could easily alter the initiation temperature and release pattern of drugs by judiciously selecting different combinations of PCMs and materials for the colloidal particles.
Reading Habermas in Anarchy: Multilateral Diplomacy and Global Public Spheres

States routinely justify their policies in interstate forums, and this reason-giving seems to serve a legitimating function. But how could this be? For Habermas and other global public sphere theorists, the exchange of reasons oriented toward understanding—communicative action—is central to public sphere governance, where political power is held accountable to those affected. But most global public sphere theory considers communicative action only among nonstate actors. Indeed, anarchy is a hard case for public spheres. The normative potential of communicative action rests on its instability: only where consensus can be undone by better reasons, through argument, can we say speakers are holding one another accountable to reason. But argument means disagreement, and especially in anarchy disagreement can mean violence. Domestically, the state backstops argument to prevent violence. Internationally, I propose that international society and publicity function similarly. Public talk can mitigate the security dilemma and enable interstate communicative action. Viewing multilateral diplomacy as a legitimation process makes sense of the intuition that interstate talk matters, while tempering a potentially aggressive cosmopolitanism.
Transcriptional repression of TFF1 in gastric epithelial cells by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β

TFF1 is a member of a unique family of gastrointestinal peptides. Loss of TFF1 expression has been observed in the majority of human gastric cancers and the biological significance of this loss has been demonstrated in a Tff1 knockout mouse model. However, few TFF1 gene mutations or allelic loss have also been documented. To understand the molecular mechanism repressing the TFF1 gene expression, the 5'-flanking region of the human TFF1 gene was characterized. We found a repressor region (-241 to -84), which is active in MKN45 and IMGE5 cells expressing endogenous TFF1 gene. A consensus binding site for C/EBPbeta was identified and EMSA analysis demonstrated specific binding of CEBPbeta. Mutation of this C/EBPbeta element potentiated the transactivation of TFF1 by 50% and 145% for MKN45 and IMGE5 cells respectively. Furthermore, co-transfection of C/EBPbeta isoforms specifically decreased TFF1 promoter activity. These findings suggest that C/EBPbeta is involved in the down-regulating of TFF1 gene expression and this mode of repression may account at least in part for the loss of TFF1 gene expression in transformed human and mice gastric epithelial cells.
Application of the diffusion dipole to modelling the optical characteristics of blood.

Modelling the diffusion optical characteristics of blood is quite useful in the study of oximetry. The diffusion dipole ofFretterd andLongini (1973) is applied to the solution of the diffusion equation for photons in a blood and saline mixture and an exact solution is obtained. Comparisons are made among this solution and other commonly used techniques. Preliminary measurements on a blood and saline mixture are shown in comparison to the model solutions. The advantages of using the diffusion dipole approach are elaborated.
'That We Might Not Crave Evil' the Structure and Argument of 1 Corinthians 10.1-13

Les etudes separees de W. Meek et de L. Will ont apporte la forme, la structure et la fonction de I Cor. 10 : 1-13 au premier plan d'interet sur ce texte et ont ainsi fourni une excellente base pour le re-examen de la question. Plus que comme l'exposition d'Exode 32 : 6, la pericope est ici interpretee comme midrash de Nombres 11 dans la tradition des Psaumes 78 et 106. Dans son contexte, la pericope est aussi un argument focalise contre l'obstination des Corinthiens a participer aux pratiques idolâtriques. L'A. de cet article montre le fonctionnement structurel et argumentatif de ce passage du NT
The expectation-maximization algorithm

A common task in signal processing is the estimation of the parameters of a probability distribution function. Perhaps the most frequently encountered estimation problem is the estimation of the mean of a signal in noise. In many parameter estimation problems the situation is more complicated because direct access to the data necessary to estimate the parameters is impossible, or some of the data are missing. Such difficulties arise when an outcome is a result of an accumulation of simpler outcomes, or when outcomes are clumped together, for example, in a binning or histogram operation. There may also be data dropouts or clustering in such a way that the number of underlying data points is unknown (censoring and/or truncation). The EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm is ideally suited to problems of this sort, in that it produces maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates of parameters when there is a many-to-one mapping from an underlying distribution to the distribution governing the observation. The EM algorithm is presented at a level suitable for signal processing practitioners who have had some exposure to estimation theory.
Coal conversion and hydrogen utilization in catalytic liquefaction at low temperatures

Abstract The initial stages of coal liquefaction have been investigated in small batch autoclaves at moderate to low liquefaction temperatures. Conventional liquefaction in an organic recycle solvent was compared with liquefaction of coal in water. In conventional liquefaction, the majority of the tetrahydrofuran conversion ultimately obtained at long reaction times had already appeared before 15 minutes or less had elapsed at the set temperature. Addition of ammonium molybdate had a beneficial effect on conversion at lower temperatures as revealed by a decrease in the demands placed on the liquefaction solvent. The use of a catalyst under hydrogen pressure may compensate for the suppression of conversion values normally associated with using substantially smaller amounts of liquefaction solvent. The utilization of hydrogen was determined by elemental and NMR analyses of the organic portion of the entire charge fed to and taken from the autoclave. The net change in hydrogen per 100 carbons was calculated for four categories: hydrogen gas make, heteroatom removal, change in aromaticity (hydrogenation/dehydrogenation), and matrix bond cleavage/condensation. Hydrogen consumption is observed below 400°C in the hydrogenation of aromatic carbon. However, above 400°C, dehydrogenation reactions predominate and hydrogen is released in this category rather than consumed. These results show that the choice of liquefaction temperature, catalyst, solvent, and pressure of reducing gas may be used to control the pattern of hydrogen utilization.
Acrylic Bone Cement: Clinical Development and Current Status in North America

This article discusses issues surrounding acrylic bone cement and covers functional results, mechanism and definition of failure, design issues, wear and alternate bearing surfaces, revision, and evolution of concepts regarding infection, dislocation, thromboembolic issues, surgical approach, bone loss and bone grafts, and finally a couple of problems the author sees for the future.
Constitutional and social equality: legacies and limits of law, politics and culture.

In western countries court decisions and legislative acts have generally mirrored the societal trends towards equal legal rights for women. However in examining difference theory and the equal rights guaranteed to women through the legal system in the US this article questions whether societies will soon accept absolute legal equality. In particular it considers how biologically phrased explanations of the social status of women have affected legal rules and the implementation of those rules. Following a discussion on the history of legal inequality the attainment of equality and extra legal rights is explored. The paper then considers the desirability and possibility of absolute or formal legal equality for women in the US. It is concluded that as long as there is continued recognition within the courts that the physical differences between men and women can provide a basis for different legal treatment then formal equality cannot be obtained. Moreover as long as strict legal equality does not exist there will always be the opportunity to treat women differently solely because of their sex.
The effect of cortisone on the electroencephalogram.

Abstract 1. 1. Sixteen patients receiving cortisone were followed during treatment with electroencephalograms. 2. 2. The only significant changes were a slight but definite increase in the alpha frequency and a tendency towards normality. 3. 3. Metrazol-activated EEG's were obtained in 6 patients before and during treatment. No definite conclusion can be drawn from these studies but it is suggested that cortisone does not significantly decrease cerebral convulsive threshold.
Helium concentration in the Earth's lower atmosphere

A helium content of 5.222 + or - 0.017 ppm by volume has been established by measurements during 1981 of the earth's lower atmosphere, using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. This compares well with the currently accepted value of 5.239 + or - 0.004 ppm determined by Gluekhauf (1946) on the basis of measurements conducted in the 1930s. While processes that could have altered helium concentrations since the 1930s imply a significant increase in concentration, due to helium release during natural gas production, possible net helium losses from the atmosphere are not easily quantifiable.
Mechanism-based target identification and drug discovery in cancer research

Cancer as a disease in the human population is becoming a larger health problem, and the medicines used as treatments have clear limitations. In the past 20 years, there has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of human cancer. Many of these mechanisms have been exploited as new targets for drug development in the hope that they will have greater antitumor activity with less toxicity to the patient than is seen with currently used medicines. The fruition of these efforts in the clinic is just now being realized with a few encouraging results.
Indirect effect on survivorship of caterpillars due to presence of invertebrate predators

An indirect effects is defined here as a reduction in prey survivorship as a consequence of a reduction in growth rate of prey due to the presence of a predator that alters prey behavior. A method for partitioning the direct and indirect effects of predators on prey survivorship indicated that predatory wasps (Polistes sp.:. Vespidae) had both direct and indirect negative effects on survivorship of buckmoth caterpillars (Hemileuca lucina: Saturniidae). In a field experiment, the direct and indirect effects together accounted for 61% of the mortality of the caterpillars. A third of this reduction in survivorship due to the wasps was attributed to an indirect effect, due to the decreased growth rate of the caterpillars that moved into the interior of the hostplant to escape from the wasps. In contrast, in another field experiment, although predatory stinkbugs (Podisus maculiventris: Hemiptera) contributed to 56% of the mortality of buckeye caterpillars (Junonia coenia: Nymphalidae), the indirect effect of stinkbugs on buckeye caterpillars only accounted for 2% of the reduction in survivorship of these caterpillars. These differences in the indirect effect are discussed in particular relative to the behavior of predators and prey, ratio of predator to prey sizes, and morphology of the hostplants.
In vivo Functional Imaging Using Photoacoustic Microscopy

Photoacoustic microscopy extends the current depth limit of the high resolution optical imaging modalities while maintaining a comparable ratio of imaging depth to axial resolution. Based on spectral measurements, functional imaging is achieved in vivo.
SpinLoc: spin once to know your location

The rapid growth of location-based applications has spurred extensive research on localization. Nonetheless, indoor localization remains an elusive problem mostly because the accurate techniques come at the expense of cumbersome war-driving or additional infrastructure. Towards a solution that is easier to adopt, we propose SpinLoc that is free from these requirements. Instead, SpinLoc levies a little bit of the localization burden on the humans, expecting them to rotate around once to estimate their locations. Our main observation is that wireless signals attenuate differently, based on how the human body is blocking the signal. We find that this attenuation can reveal the directions of the APs in indoor environments, ultimately leading to localization. This paper studies the feasibility of SpinLoc in real-world indoor environments using off-the-shelf WiFi hardware. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates accuracies comparable toschemes that rely on expensive war-driving.
The Ethical Use of Human Fetal Tissue in Medicine

IN the past few years, medical science has made dramatic advances through research that uses tissue from dead human fetuses. At the same time, this research has led to controversy over the ethics of using human fetal tissue, particularly tissue from induced abortions. In the spring of 1988, the Department of Health and Human Services halted all therapeutic research using tissue from fetuses aborted electively—stopping first all research at the National Institutes of Health and then any research by the Public Health Service — until the ethical considerations it involves have been studied further.1 , 2 This report, like the department's moratoriums, . . .
HIV Integrase Inhibitors with Nucleobase Scaffolds: Discovery of a Highly Potent anti-HIV Agent

HIV integrase is essential for HIV replication. However, there are currently no integrase inhibitors in clinical use for AIDS. We have discovered a conceptually new β-diketo acid that is a powerful inhibitor of both the 3‘-processing and strand transfer steps of HIV-1 integrase. The in vitro anti-HIV data of this inhibitor were remarkable as exemplified by its highly potent antiviral therapeutic efficacy against HIVTEKI and HIV-1NL4-3 replication in PBMC (TI >4,000 and >10,000, respectively).
Impact of patient requests on provider-perceived visit difficulty in primary care.

BACKGROUND “Difficult visits” are common in primary care and may contribute to primary care provider (PCP) career dissatisfaction and burnout. Patient requests occur in approximately half of primary care visits and may be a source of clinician–patient miscommunication or conflict, contributing to perceived visit difficulty.
Aspects of mineral structure in normally calcifying avian tendon.

Structural characteristics of normally calcifying leg tendons of the domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo have been observed for the first time by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM), and phase as well as corresponding topographic images were acquired to gain insight into the features of mineralizing collagen fibrils and fibers. Analysis of different regions of the tendon has yielded new information concerning the structural interrelationships in vivo between collagen fibrils and fibers and mineral crystals appearing in the form of plates and plate aggregates. TMAFM images show numerous mineralized collagen structures exhibiting characteristic periodicity (54-70 nm), organized with their respective long axes parallel to each other. In some instances, mineral plates (30-40 nm thick) are found interspersed between and in intimate contact with the mineralized collagen. The edges of such plates lie parallel to the neighboring collagen. Many of these plates appear to be aligned to form larger aggregates (475-600 nm long x 75-90 nm thick) that also retain collagen periodicity along their exposed edges. Intrinsic structural properties of the mineralizing avian tendon have not previously been described on the scale reported in this study. These data provide the first visual evidence supporting the concept that larger plates form from parallel association of smaller ones, and the data fill a gap in knowledge between macromolecular- and anatomic-scale studies of the mineralization of avian tendon and connective tissues in general. The observed organization of mineralized collagen, plates, and plate aggregates maintaining a consistently parallel nature demonstrates the means by which increasing structural complexity may be achieved in a calcified tissue over greater levels of hierarchical order.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible irradiation on Al(III)-modified TiO2: structure, interaction, and interfacial electron transfer.

Aluminum(III)-modified TiO2 was prepared by sol–gel process via a sudden gelating method. The structure of the modified material and the local environment of aluminum were investigated using X-ray diffraction, HRTEM, XPS, 27Al MAS NMR, and ξ-potential measurements. The effect of the aluminum modification on interaction between the dye and photocatalyst, the interfacial electron transfer process, and thereby the degradation of dye pollutants under visible irradiation were also examined by FTIR spectra and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. It was found that, rather than incorporating into the crystal lattice of TiO2, the aluminum forms an overlayer of Al2O3 on the surface of TiO2, interfaced with Ti−O−Al bonds. It is interesting that the carboxylate-containing dyes such as Rhodamine B (RhB) adsorb preferentially on the Al2O3, rather than the Ti(IV) sites on the surface of TiO2. The photodegradation rate observed for RhB is nearly 5-fold faster than that obtained in the pristine TiO2 system. The photodegra...
Expression of GAD (Mr 67,000) and Its Messenger RNA in Basal Ganglia and Cerebral Cortex after Ischemic Cortical Lesions in Rats

Abstract Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is present in most efferent neurons of the striatum and in interneurons both in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. We have examined the effects of unilateral lesions of the frontoparietal cortex by thermocoagulation of pial vessels in adult rats on GAD expression in the basal ganglia and in the contralateral cerebral cortex. Levels of GAD were measured in the striatum and its target areas (pallidum and substantia nigra) with radioimmunohistochemistry and an antibody specific for GAD (Mr 67,000: GAD67); levels of the corresponding mRNA were measured at the single-cell level by in situ hybridization histochemistry with a [35S]RNA probe. Five days after surgery, GAD67 immunoreactivity was markedly increased in striatal target areas on the side of the lesion. In the striatum, increases in immunoreactivity were small at 5 days, larger at 3 weeks, and accompanied by an increase in mRNA levels lasting up to 3 months after surgery. In contrast, in the frontal cortex contralateral to the lesion, levels of labeling for GAD67 mRNA per neuron were decreased 3 weeks and 3 months after surgery. The results suggest that local ischemic lesions of cerebral cortex in adult rats lead to prolonged and opposite alterations in GAD67 synthesis in basal ganglia and contralateral cortex.
Scenes and Means of Grace

: The Word, Baptism, and Holy Communion—key means of grace according to the Lutheran tradition—take place in a web of earthly conditions whenever they are celebrated. Generating their own scenes of grace, the means of grace give voice, sense of place, and creativity where those are otherwise threatened. Other scenes of grace complement the means of grace, similarly bringing voice, place, and creativity in the face of environmental and social injustices. Martin Luther's affirmation of Christ's presence in creation, both in means of grace and throughout God's world, is a strategic and meaningful threshold for Christians to engage environment and justice while continuing to listen and look for the grace in Christ that feeds and shapes them.
The Economic Impact of Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty

We compared hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs between (1) minimally invasive total hip surgery (MIS) combined with an active hip pathway (AHP) and (2) long incision total hip surgery (LIS) with a passive hip pathway (PHP). A prospective consecutive cohort of 214 MIS/AHP patients was compared to a concurrent cohort of 265 LIS/PHP patients. The MIS/AHP cohort had significantly decreased LOS (1.5 days vs. 3.8 days, P < .001) and hospital costs ($12.8 thousand vs. $16.7 thousand, P < .001). The complication rates were similar for MIS/AHP and LIS/PHP. We conclude that, compared to LIS/PHP, MIS/AHP significantly shortened LOS by an average of 2.3 days, and significantly reduced hospital costs by an average of $3.9 thousand per patient.
AccessBraille: tablet-based braille entry

This paper outlines the development of the AccessBraille framework, an iOS framework designed to provide a Braille keyboard to an iOS application. The proof-of-concept app developed with this framework is presented as an example of how the framework can be utilized, demonstrating its use across multiple contexts where Braille entry is used. The AccessBraille keyboard framework provides a natural way for blind users to enter US Type 1 or Type 2 Braille text into an app. The keyboard allows for users to customize finger placement for comfort and hand size.
Sequestering High-Energy Electrons to Facilitate Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation in CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals

The photocatalytic H2O splitting activities of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots are contrasted. CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots constructed from 4.0 nm CdSe quantum dots are shown to be strongly active for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution in 0.1 M Na2S/Na2SO3 solution with a turnover number of 9.94 after 5 h at 103.9 μmol/h. CdSe quantum dots themselves are only marginally active in 0.1 M Na2S/Na2SO3 solution with a turnover number of 1.10 after 5 h at 11.53 μmol/h, while CdSe quantum dots in pure H2O are found to be completely inactive. Broad-band transient absorption spectroscopy is used to elucidate the mechanisms that facilitate the enhancement in the CdSe core/shell quantum dots, which is attributed to passivation of surface-deep trap states with energies lying below the reduction potential necessary for H2O reduction. Thus, surface trapping dynamics and energetics can be manipulated to dictate the photocatalytic activities of novel CdSe quantum dot based photocatalytic mate...
What Good Is It to Get Old

The physiologic basis for aging is still incompletely understood, and most investigators have looked at aging as a process of decay without any clear adaptive advantage to the species. It is proposed that aging has potential evolutionary advantages, and that the aging process may have been the subject of positive selection.
Emerging treatments in oncology: focus on tyrosine kinase (erbB) receptor inhibitors

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the role of tyrosine kinase (TK) and its subreceptors in the development of cancer and the role of TK inhibitors in cancer treatment. Data Sources Published articles identified through MEDLINE using search terms such as tyrosine kinase, erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, erbB4, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and EGFR inhibitors. Additional sources were identified from bibliographies in the articles and from Web sites and reports from the National Cancer Institute, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Data Synthesis Progress in identifying the biochemical and molecular causes of cancer has led to discovery of abnormalities that characterize cancer cells and represent targets for development of drug therapies. TK receptors represent one such target when these are present in elevated quantities and/or aberrant forms. Abnormalities in these cell surface receptors have been correlated with development and progression of cancer, poor response to chemotherapeutic agents, and low survival rates. Several subtypes of TK receptors have been identified, and mutations in these have been associated with neoplasms of the breast, lung, colon, ovaries, and other organs. Approved agents, such as trastuzumab (Herceptin—Genentech) work by blocking a subtype of TK receptors that has been associated with breast cancer growth. Gefitinib (Iressa—AstraZeneca) was recently approved for treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer in patients who have failed treatment with traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Other agents such as cetuximab, erlotinib, and canertinib are in advanced stages of clinical trials and may be available for general clinical use in the next few years. Conclusion Cancer continues to be a difficult disease to treat, but newly identified cellular targets have resulted in new medications, and these promising agents are giving hope for additional options for patients with various solid tumors.
Searching strategies for target discovery in wireless networks

In this paper, we address a fundamental problem concerning the optimal searching strategy in terms of searching cost for the target discovery problem in wireless networks. In order to find the nearest k targets from a total of m members using the minimum cost, should we search the network only once, or should we apply a so-called ''expansion ring scheme?'' Specifically, how many searching attempts should we use, and how large should each searching area be? To answer these questions, we provide a generic model and formulate the expected cost as a function of the parameters of the number of searching attempts n and the searching area for each attempt, A"i. Using this model, we propose several algorithms to determine the optimal parameters, either pre-calculated or performed online. We experiment with these algorithms on general wireless network scenarios and show that our algorithms perform consistently close to optimal and better than other heuristic schemes. The desired performance is achieved by adapting the searching radius to estimates of network parameters such as the total number of nodes and the total number of targets.
Heat Transfer Measurements Using the Hybrid Heat Transfer Technique With Thermally Adiabatic and Participating Ribs

This work is focused on the application of a number of improvements to the traditional transient thermochromic liquid crystals technique, in particular the hybrid heat transfer experiment, in order to provide more detailed and accurate measurements of the surface heat transfer coefficient in internal cooling passages. More accurate measurements of heat transfer coefficient are necessary to provide a clearer understanding of the performance of the cooling channels and to not misrepresent the channel performance so that more optimal designs and progress can be achieved. Detailed Nusselt number measurements were performed for a square channel with ribs on one wall in the Reynolds number range of 50 000 to 150 000, based on channel hydraulic diameter, using the transient thermochromic liquid crystals technique. The rib aspect ratio is 1:1, the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio is 0.10, the rib-pitch–to–rib-height ratio is 10, and the ribs are oriented orthogonal to the streamwise direction. Heat transfer measurements were taken on all four walls so that the bulk temperature variation throughout the channel during the experiment can also be taken into account. Adiabatic and aluminum ribs were used simultaneously. The recently developed Coupled 0D-1D model is used to resolve the average heat transfer of the metallic rib features. A comparison of the data obtained using adiabatic and metallic rib features is made to quantify experimentally the influence of the rib-induced contamination. Friction augmentation, overall heat transfer augmentation, and overall thermal performance are also reported.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A novel CPW-fed disc antenna

Many disc antennas have been proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, but they suffer from the disadvantages of requiring a large ground plane and a complicated feed structure. This paper reports on a new and novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed disc antenna. Measured data show that the antenna provides more than a 3:1 bandwidth covering the frequency range of 2.4 /spl sim/ 10.9 GHz for the tested prototype. Radiation patterns are dipole-like omnidirectional patterns with half power beam width (HPBW) values of 60/spl deg/ /spl sim/ 70/spl deg/. Maximum gain is about 2 /spl sim/ 4 dBi over the bandwidth. The antenna has a good impulse response with less than 1 nanosecond pulse width and linear phase over a broad bandwidth. The CPW-fed disc antenna is a promising antenna element for UWB applications.
Getting into the game: American women writers and the radical tradition

Abstract This essay outlines the contours of a socialist feminist tradition in women's fiction in the United States. From Elizabeth Stewart Phelp's The Silent Partner (1971) to contemporary works by writers like Marge Piercy, Alice Walker, and Mary Lee Settle, this literature often embodies a common central drama: the growth of social consciousness as an essential dimension of the quest for individual identity. Phelp's The Silent Partner and Settle's Killing Ground, published 110 years apart, exemplify this thematic continuity, though Settle places her protagonist's quest in a modernist frame of reference. Obviously, the works of different historical eras differ from one another in the institutions they question and the forms of activism they advocate. They may differ most from one another, though, in their construction of aspects of the ‘private’ sphere—sexuality, reproduction, motherhood. Left feminist writers today resist a severance of public and private and insist on the necessity of transforming all our social relations.
Differential effects of upper gastrointestinal fill on milk ingestion and nipple attachment in the suckling rat.

Milk intake and nipple attachment behaviors were studied in the natural suckling situation after gastrointestinal preloading. Rat pups, deprived of their dam for 9 hr at 1, 10, or 20 days of age, were preloaded by gavage with volumes ranging from 2 to 16% of their body weight and returned to suckle. Preloads of artificial bitch's milk decreased the intake of mother's milk in a volume-related manner at all ages. At 1 and 10 days 4% preloads decreased milk intake without affecting attachment behaviors; larger prelods of 8 and 16% decreased intake and reduced the incidence of attachment. At 20 days of age small and large preloads decreased both incidence of attachment and milk intake. Preloads up to 8% of body weight had no effect on latency to attach at any age. Complete subdiaphragmatic bilateral vagotomy increased milk intake of 7–9–day-old pups fed automatically through an anterior mouth cannula in a nonsuckling situation. Vagotomy combined with spinal cordotomy (T2-T3) resulted in a synergistic hyperphagia and massive distension of the upper GI tract. The results indicate that suckling rats can control their intake of mother's milk while remaining attached to a nipple as early as 1 day of age. The suppression of ingestion in response to GI filling appears to be mediated by visceral afferent activity. Conversely, attachment behaviors are less affected by GI fill. This suggests that ingestive behaviors and attachment behaviors have different controls during the 1st 10 days of postnatal development.
Chickenpox: an operating room problem?

Summary Varicella (chicken pox), a most common disease, is rarely considered a serious entity by adult oriented anaesthetists and surgeons yet can have an extremely high morbidity and mortality in certain populations. Hospital protocols concerning postponement or cancellation of elective surgery in children suspected of harbouring the disease following exposure in daycare facilities or schools often tend to be ignored. The following is a series of three case reports illustrating different aspects of the problems confronting the anaesthetist and other operating room personnel when a child with varicella enters the surgery suite.
Structural and magnetic effects of mechanically grinding Co3(OH)2(C4O4)2·3H2O

Abstract The magnetic and structural parameters of the well-characterized cobalt(II) compound Co3(OH)2(C4O4)2·3H2O (2, 3) change significantly when the compound is mechanically ground. These parameters are also dependent on the storage conditions of the polycrystalline material before grinding. When the material is stored in an anhydrous (desiccators) environment (2), the structural properties of the ground sample (4) agree with the polycrystalline material although the magnetic properties differ somewhat. When storing the material under ambient conditions (3), the material undergoes a structural transformation after grinding (5) that is accompanied by changes in magnetic properties. The synthetic precursor (1) to 2 and 3 also shows magnetic properties that are not observed in 2, 3. The powder XRD of 1 suggests that the dominant species in the mixture is Co(C4O4)(H2O)2, which provides a new synthetic pathway for 2 and 3. The synthesis of 1 was performed unprotected from the atmosphere, and therefore the room temperature effective magnetic moment of 1 was well below the other materials studied. The room temperature effective magnetic moment of 1, 4, and 5 (per cobalt center) are 4.0, 5.1, and 5.0 μB. Dynamic magnetic susceptibility of 1, 4, and 5 confirm that 1 and the ground derivatives 4 and 5 are not isostructural with the polycrystalline materials. The dynamic susceptibility of 1 is too complex to analyze quantitatively. It contains two peaks and two shoulders that are within 11 K of one another, and a peak at 14 K dominates the rest of the features. 4 and 5 have features that can be analyzed and compared with 2, 3. The frequency independent out-of-phase peak associated with 2, 3 becomes frequency dependent in 4. The Arrhenius fit to the frequency dependence suggests spin-glass behavior based on the small pre-exponential time of 9.59 × 1012 s and the physically unreasonable activation barrier of 99 K, which is well above the activation barrier observed for known single-chain magnets. A second frequency-dependent out-of-phase peak is observed for 4 and 5 at 11 K that is not present in 2, 3. This peak is analyzed with the Vogel–Fulcher function, and is attributed to cluster spin-glass interactions.
High-Speed In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel technique for non-invasive, sub-surface, high-resolution imaging of biological ultrastructure based on low-coherence interferometry.
Statistical Considerations on Pressure Pulses from a Cavitating Venturi

Pressure pulses emitted from cavitating venturi flows are measured and investigated statistically. The results show that according to the degree of cavitation, the overall pressure pulsations consist of different combinations of three components, that is basic flow noise, cavitation pulses and low-frequency pressure fluctuations, due primarily to overall loop characteristics. The statistical characteristics are presented and compared. It is believed that the low-frequency fluctuations result from a resonant interaction between the cavitation ‘cloud’ and the liquid portion of the closed loop. They occur near cavitation inception, reach a maximum at a particular cavitation number, σres, then gradually disappear for increased σ. Their frequency is basically constant for all σ. An empirical-theoretical model of this behaviour is presented.
Interactions of Xanthine Derivatives with Bovine Serum Albumin II: Spectrophotometric Studies

The spectral characteristics in aqueous solution of a number of xanthine derivatives were found to be influenced by the presence of bovine and human serum albumin. The observed effects were assumed to be due to the binding of the xanthines by the protein. Changes in spectra were thus used as the basis for an experimental method for determining the extent and nature of the small molecule-protein interaction. The effects of temperature, pH, and protein modification on binding behavior were studied. Comparative studies on a number of structurally different xanthines were conducted. The results indicate that a rather specific orientation of the protein molecule was required for optimal interaction. Expansion or other configurational changes induced by pH or temperature effects resulted in decreased binding. The binding site appears to contain a grouping which can hydrogen-bond with the xanthine. The participation of other types of interaction forces are suggested also.
Discovery of highly differentiative gene groups from microarray gene expression data using the gene club approach.

Motivation: It is commonly believed that suitable analysis of microarray gene expression profile data can lead to better understanding of diseases, and better ways to diagnose and treat diseases. To achieve those goals, it is of interest to discover the gene interaction networks, and perhaps even pathways, underlying given diseases from such data. In this paper, we consider methods for efficiently discovering highly differentiative gene groups (HDGG), which may provide insights on gene interaction networks. HDGGs are groups of genes which completely or nearly completely characterize the diseased or normal tissues. Discovering HDGGs is challenging, due to the high dimensionality of the data. Results: Our methods are based on the novel concept of gene clubs. A gene club consists of a set of genes having high potential to be interactive with each other. The methods can (i) efficiently discover signature HDGGs which completely characterize the diseased and the normal tissues respectively, (ii) find strongest or near strongest HDGGs containing any given gene, and (iii) find much stronger HDGGs than previous methods. As part of the experimental evaluation, the methods are applied to colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer, and leukemia and so on. Some of the genes in the extracted signature HDGGs have known biological functions, and some have attracted little attention in biology and medicine. We hope that appropriate study on them can lead to medical breakthroughs. Some HDGGs for colon and prostate cancers are listed here. The website listed below contains HDGGs for the other cancers. Availability: HDGG is implemented in C++ and runs on Unix or Windows platform. The code is available at: .