cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Drug Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Biomolecules Using Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS

Triple quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QQQ) can measure heteroatoms such as sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and chlorine (Cl) at much lower levels than previously possible, making it highly suitable for the measurement of molecular compounds in life science research, including drug development. The tandem MS (MS/MS) configuration of the instrument, with a quadrupole positioned either side of the reaction cell, allows for much better control of any ion-molecular reactions that take place in the cell compared to conventional, single quadrupole ICP-QMS. As a number of molecular compounds of interest in life science research contain S, P, or Cl heteroatoms, the superior control of interferences provided by ICP-QQQ for the measurement of these challenging elements at trace levels was evaluated. The samples analyzed included drug active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and peptide/phosphor peptides.
Role of acetyl-CoA metabolizing enzyme ACSS2 and dietary acetyl-CoA precursors in transcription and lipid disorder

Dyslipidemia and fatty liver that occur secondarily to obesity result from extensive gene expression changes in tissues throughout the body. By converting acetate into acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA synthe...
Reading came first: a book review of Marlon M. Bailey’s Butch Queens Up in Pumps: Gender, Performance and Ballroom Culture in Detroit

Popular depictions of the ballroom scene from RuPaul's Drag Race to Paris Is Burning often emphasize various performative, aesthetic and discursive aspects including voguing, serving face, stomping...
Raman spectra of twisted CVD bilayer graphene

Abstract The Raman spectra of large-size, single-crystal, twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) grains grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are measured as a function of the rotation angle. The rotation angle between the graphene layers is determined using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The 2D and G peaks follow the same trends as found previously. The low-frequency peaks (
The Lived Experience of Nursing Students Who Study Abroad: A Qualitative Inquiry

Nurse researchers need to explore study abroad programs and identify their impact on the development of cultural competence and global perspectives in nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of nursing students who study abroad and to identify benefits and impediments that may be used to spawn future research and shape existing and future study abroad programs. The research question for this phenomenological study was 'What is the lived experience of nursing students who study abroad?' A purposive sample of nursing students was obtained and included participants who completed an elective study abroad nursing course to either England or Dominica between 2006 and 2008. Data collection was obtained from two sources: semi-structured interviews and written reflective travel journals. Four themes became evident as a result of becoming immersed in students' written and spoken words. Those themes were recognizing, encountering, adapting, and mastering. Findings from this study suggest that there are vast benefits of study abroad programs for nursing students including, but not limited to, increased personal growth, awareness of diverse cultures, adapting despite an unfamiliar environment, and increased self-efficacy. These findings have strong implications for nursing education, practice, and research.
Women of the revolution: Gendered politics of resistance and agency in the cultural production of Margaret Randall

Margaret Randall’s cultural production of Sandino’s Daughters, Sandino’s Daughters Revisited, and Risking a Somersault in the Air examines the complicated socio-political processes and relentless s...
Alfred in Wonderland: Hitchcock Through the Looking-Glass

This essay proposes that the dream-like tone and recurrent plots and motifs in Alfred Hitchcock’s films derive from Lewis Carroll’s Alice books. These echoes are most obvious and pervasive in Blackmail and Notorious, but also evident in Hitchcock’s early stories and in Rebecca, Spellbound, Vertigo, Psycho, and Marnie. Carroll’s influence appears in Hitchcock’s pervasive use of downward movements, in his frequent resort to metonymic objects, and in the figure I call the “vision of affrighted purity.” Later films use mirrors to represent their protagonists’ sojourns through inverted or insane worlds. The Hitchcockian landscape is both a realm of wonders and an absurd domain governed, like Carroll’s dream worlds, by a preposterous system of justice.
Treatment Outcomes for Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is an uncommon high-grade in situ lesion that shares morphologic features of both classic lobular and ductal carcinoma in situ. Data on the natural history of pure PLCIS are limited, and no evidence-based consensus guidelines for management exist. From our prospectively maintained institutional pathology and breast surgery databases, we identified all patients with a diagnosis of PLCIS on core needle biopsy (CNB) or excisional biopsy from 2004 to 2017. Patient, tumor, treatment, and outcome data were abstracted to analyze upstage rates and treatment outcomes. We identified 18 patients with pure PLCIS: 15 diagnosed on CNB, 2 diagnosed at operation for atypia on CNB, and 1 diagnosed after excisional biopsy without preceding CNB. Of the 15 patients with PLCIS on CNB, 3 (20%) were upgraded to invasive cancer on surgical excision. Overall, 7 patients were treated with mastectomy (all margin-negative) and 11 with lumpectomy (one with a focally positive margin). Eight patients received adjuvant therapy: six endocrine therapy, one radiation therapy, and one received both. Among patients with a final diagnosis of PLCIS, two ipsilateral recurrences were observed at follow-up: one invasive lobular carcinoma at 87 months and one PLCIS at 16 months postoperatively. PLCIS on CNB mandates surgical resection as 20% of patients may be upgraded to invasive cancer, and outcomes following pathologic margin-negative surgical resection were excellent with only one invasive recurrence observed. Larger-scale investigation with longer follow-up is needed to define a role for adjuvant therapy and to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Acute Ischaemic Stroke Agnieszka Anna Ardelt

This chapter focuses on acute ischaemic stroke: mechanisms, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment other than thrombolysis and thrombectomy, which are discussed in Chap. 9. The topics are arranged alphabetically. Ischaemic stroke in paediatric patients is discussed separately in an appendix.
Rationale and Outcomes of the Kaizen Method Applied to Esophagectomy

Medicine has always been taught historically as an art form rather than an exact science with a unpredictable outcome due to the infinite variability associated with human physiology. However, with the advancements in medicine and the use of evidence-based medicine as well as outcome studies, we are more able to predict and model our current practices and methods. Most surgical experience and current methods involve the past practice of our teachers and are based on what we know works rather than what we can prove
Public Service Media Narratives

The emergence of public service media in the mid-twentieth century on both sides of the Atlantic was a response to particular technological realities and market structures. Public media systems manifested theories about the function of media in a democracy, the sources of cultural authority and innovation, the limitations of the market, and the values of social cohesion and inclusion.In the early twenty-first century, the underlying theories and justifications for public service media are now in flux. Those who defend continued public funding of legacy and new non-commercial media services, and work to reform their operations, have struggled to untangle the contingencies of twentieth-century organizational structures from the enduring values that spawned their creation. In other words, policymakers and commentators have recognized that legacy public broadcasting systems must be updated for a post-broadcasting world, or wither away. But the values and purposes of a new, multi-platform, multi-actor public media system are not yet clearly articulated.This chapter argues that the American system of public service media -- long the poor cousin of the world's better-funded systems -- in fact may model new forms of service for the digital age. This evolving model includes diverse funding sources, distributed ownership and citizen engagement. And it is grounded in narratives of community service, innovation and democratic participation, as well as in those of market failure and canonical excellence. The chapter traces these distinct and sometimes conflicting narratives through the history of American public service media, with comparisons to the UK and European contexts. It concludes that a strong version of the innovation narrative is best suited to shape the future functions and structures for public service media in 21st century, media-rich democracies.
Information and Communications Technologies as an Enabler of Supply Chain Integration

This study is a meta-research analysis that examined the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as an enabler of supply chain integration. Our analysis covered 55 papers in 34 journals published between 2007 and 2017. RFID systems were the most investigated ICTs in the supply chain integration literature. Besides its impact as an independent variable, ICTâ€™s mediating and moderating roles are also noteworthy. Our study has demonstrated the underutilization of theories in general, dominance of surveys and single case studies, and future research opportunities for the underutilized IS types in SCI. Based on the findings, we proposed a research framework. Our framework illustrated two types of moderating factors between the use of ICT and level of SCI: (1) ICT-related factors as an enabler of SCI, and (2) other factors as an enabler of SCI. ICT-related factors are suitability, criticality, and maturity of ICT; ICT capabilities of, and integration within, an organization; ICT integration with SC partners; and technological differences among available ICT applications. Other factors are availability of industry standards; open information-sharing environment; institutional pressures and organizational culture; and involvement of top management.
Promoting inclusive and accessible design in usability testing: a teaching case with users who are deaf

Drawing on an analysis of a usability teaching case with users who are deaf and who communicate using American Sign Language, we argue that there is a need for industry and the academy to refocus on more accessible testing practices, situated more decidedly within the social, cultural, and historical contexts of users. We offer guidelines for more inclusive practices for testing with users who are deaf prompting designers, developers, and students to think about systems of behavior, such as audism, cultural appropriation, and technological paternalism that undermine accessibility in their design and practices. More broadly, we propose ways in which instructors of technical communication can leverage usability tools and research methods to help students better understand their users for any artifact they design and create.
Fabric-Embedded EEG/ECG/EMG Micro-Systems Monitoring Smart-Horne-Occupants' Health/Disease by Smartphones

An Integrated EEG/ECG/EMG Microsystem (IEM) is designed, fabricated and tested to monitor health/disease of smart home occupants by data collection and storage through smartphones. The analog module of the microsystem was successfully tested and results showed the heart, brain and eye blink signals.
Metaphysical and Conceptual Grounding

In this paper, I clarify the relation between two types of grounding: metaphysical and conceptual. Metaphysical grounding relates entities at more and less fundamental ontological levels. Conceptual grounding relates semantically primitive sentences and semantically derivative sentences. It is important to distinguish these relations given that both types of grounding can underwrite non-causal “in-virtue-of” claims. In this paper, I argue that conceptual and metaphysical grounding are exclusive: if a given in-virtue-of claim involves conceptual grounding, then it does not involve metaphysical grounding. I then present two heuristics for deciding which type of grounding is relevant to a given case. These heuristics suggest that certain proposed cases of metaphysical grounding may not actually involve metaphysical grounding at all.
Beyond Income: Expanding our Empirical Toolkit to Better Predict Caregiver Well-Being

Despite growing concern that income alone does not capture how low-income families are managing financially, it continues to be one of the most commonly used indicators of socioeconomic status and is routinely used as a qualifying factor for government assistance programs. Income can be difficult to measure accurately and alone may not be the best predictor of caregiver well-being, in particular among ethnically diverse families. A more nuanced understanding may be critical for identifying families in need of services and supporting success after enrollment in need-based programming. Thus, the current study investigated the relationship between traditional (low income, low education, unemployment), and less traditional (economic pressure, economic hardship, perceived social status, crowding) socioeconomic indicators and caregiver well-being (caregiver depressive symptoms, anxiety, dysfunction in the parent-child relationship) using data from a multisite study. Participants were 978 racially/ethnically diverse caregivers (97% female) of young children enrolled in Early Head Start programming from six sites across the United States. Exploratory factor analyses resulted in a three-factor model, capturing demographic risk, resource strain, and perceived social status. The Resource Strain factor was most strongly associated with greater caregiver depressive and anxiety symptoms, and dysfunction in the parent-child relationship. Further, hierarchical regression models revealed up to a four-fold increase in variance explained when adding economic strain along with traditional variables to models predicting caregiver well-being. Results support the need to supplement traditional economic measurement when supporting families experiencing low income and for measuring poverty among ethnically diverse families.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults With Metastatic Brain Tumors: Executive Summary

Background The Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice parameter guidelines for the treatment of adults with metastatic brain tumors was first published in 2010. Because of the time elapsed since that publication, an update of this set of guidelines based on literature published since is now indicated. Objective To establish the best evidence-based management of metastatic brain tumors over all commonly used diagnostic and treatment modalities in regularly encountered clinical situations. Methods Literature searches regarding management of metastatic brain tumors with whole brain radiation therapy, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, prophylactic anticonvulsants, steroids, instances of multiple brain metastases, and emerging and investigational therapies were carried out to answer questions designed by consensus of a multidisciplinary writing group. Results Recommendations were created and their strength linked to the quality of the literature data available thus creating an evidence-based guideline. Importantly, shortcomings and biases to the literature data are brought out so as to provide guidance for future investigation and improvements in the management of patients with metastatic brain tumors. Conclusion This series of guidelines was constructed to assess the most current and clinically relevant evidence for management of metastatic brain tumors. They set a benchmark regarding the current evidence base for this management while also highlighting important key areas for future basic and clinical research, particularly on those topics for which no recommendations could be formulated.The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_1.
Hearing Preservation in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery

Modern imaging techniques allow early detection of small vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with minimal or no hearing impairment. While controversy surrounds the management of these tumors, given their benign nature and unpredictable natural history, microsurgical excision is the only modality that offers the opportunity to cure the tumor and preserve hearing. Hearing preservation in VS surgery may be accomplished via the middle fossa or retrosigmoid approaches. Appropriate patient selection and surgical approach is critical in achieving the best hearing outcomes. This article highlights the preoperative assessment, patient selection and prognostic factors, intraoperative monitoring of hearing, and surgical approaches to optimize hearing preservation during VS removal.
The Resilient Design Imperative: A Call for Action

Figure 1. Post-Hurricane Harvey, Buffalo Bayou Park, Houston, Texas. (Credit: Jonnu Singleton/SWA)Ellicott City, a historic patch of Maryland nestled between the Tiber and Patapsco rivers, regularl...
Elderly Bleeding Risk of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

The 2014 American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) guidelines recommend anticoagulation to reduce clot formation and the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation but does not specify guidelines for the elderly population. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are newer US FDA-approved alternatives to warfarin and include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban. The efficacy of DOACs is heavily researched, but few studies have evaluated their bleeding risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates which DOAC has the lowest bleeding risk in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched using specific keywords, and 244 results were identified and screened. Inclusion criteria required a major bleeding event requiring hospitalization as an outcome and excluded patients with severe renal failure. Articles that met inclusion criteria were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies. Review Manager (version 5) was used to perform the random-effects model meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Six articles met inclusion criteria and encompassed 446,042 patients in total. Apixaban and dabigatran had statistically significant risk reductions compared with warfarin, whereas rivaroxaban did not (HR 0.60 [95% CI 0.52–0.69], p < 0.00001; HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.70–0.90], p = 0.0005; HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.86–1.22], p = 0.77, respectively.) Data regarding edoxaban were limited and thus not included in the analysis. Apixaban and dabigatran have a significantly decreased major bleeding risk (40 and 21%, respectively) compared with warfarin. There was no statistical difference in bleeding risk between rivaroxaban and warfarin. Head-to-head prospective randomized controlled trials are required to assess the true bleeding risk of each DOAC.
Financial incentives to Medicaid smokers for engaging tobacco quit line treatment: maximising return on investment

Background Low-income smokers experience greater difficulty in quitting smoking than do other smokers. Providing financial incentives for treatment engagement increases smoking cessation success. This study models the cost-effectiveness of varying levels of financial incentives to maximise return on investment (ROI) for engaging low-income Medicaid recipients who smoke to take calls from a tobacco quit line. Methods Participants (N=1900) were recruited from May 2013 to June 2015 through quit line-based (n=980), clinic-based (n=444) or community-based referrals (n=476) into the Wisconsin Medicaid Quit Line Incentive project. Incentive (n=948) and control group participants (n=952) received $30 versus $0 per call, respectively, for taking up to five Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) calls. Cost-effectiveness analyses estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for alternative financial incentives for engagement with WTQL calls. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was employed to determine an optimal strategy for financial incentives to minimise the cost per individual who quit smoking. Results Using fixed payments, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $2316 per smoker who quit in the randomised trial decreased to $2150 per smoker who quit when the incentives were modelled at $20 per each of five WTQL calls taken. Using variable payments, the minimal cost per additional smoker who quit was $2125 when incentives for the first four WTQL calls were set at $20, and the financial payment for the fifth WTQL call was set at $70. Conclusions Modelling suggests that financial incentives in the amount of $20 per call for taking the first four quit line calls and $70 for taking a fifth quit line call maximise ROI to engage low-income smokers with evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.
Trispectrum reconstruction of non-Gaussian noise

Using a qubit to probe non-Gaussian noise environments is theoretically studied in the context of classical random telegraph processes. Protocols for control pulses are developed to effectively scan higher noise correlations, offering valuable information on the charge environment of the qubit. Specifically, the noise power spectrum and trispectrum are reconstructed simultaneously for a wide range of qubit-fluctuator coupling strengths, demonstrating the method's robustness. These protocols are readily testable in various qubit systems with well-developed quantum control, including quantum dot spins, superconducting qubits, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
Current evidence for the existence of laryngeal macrotremor and microtremor

To test for the existence of laryngeal "microtremors" two experiments were conducted on humans. The first analyzed the acoustic characteristics of observable tremors (macrotremors) in the voice of singers using vocal vibrato and in pathologic subjects producing vocal tremor. In both of these groups acoustic oscillations between 4 and 8 Hz were found. The second study, using a normal subject, sampled electromyographic (EMG) activity from laryngeal and arm muscles during isometric contraction to determine if a periodic component (microtremor) was present in either muscle's contraction pattern. A 9-Hz signal was detected in limb muscle contraction, whereas no periodicity was found in signals from laryngeal muscles. The application of these findings to the theory behind voice "stress" analyzers is discussed
The Civil Rights Doctor, Revisited

The author recalls the summer of 1965, which he spent in Holmes County, Mississippi, as a medical civil rights worker. The poverty, bravery, ignorance, brotherhood, racism, hate, and love he experienced that summer led him to conclude he would become a civil rights doctor. When he returned to medical school in Chicago, the author and his classmates began organizing students around the idea of social justice. They intended to take on society's big problems even as their medical education ignored them.More than 50 years later, the author reflects on the sense of mission that attracts many people to medicine. A mission more than the desire to heal. A mission to recognize and address the inequities in the world and, more to the point, in access to health and health care. Medical schools have a unique role or "social mission" in that they are the only institutions that can build doctors for the future. The culture of the medical school is a powerful influence on the values of its graduates and, ultimately, the physicians of the country. The articulated, cerebrated, strategized mission that a medical school selects for itself has an enormous influence on who gets to be a doctor and what the values of that doctor are in the future, and that is why, the author argues, medical schools must incorporate social mission.To achieve this vision, medical education must move beyond Abraham Flexner's 20 century legacy. This is not to disown Flexner, science, or research but to re-think medical education based on the equity challenges that confront our population now. Physicians and the institutions that train them need to see social mission as a living part of the medical skill set rather than an elective perspective exercised by some who are particularly compassionate.
Improving Schools by Strategically Connecting Equity Leadership and Organizational Improvement Perspectives: Introduction to Special Issue

This introduction to the special issue "Improving Schools by Strategically Connecting Equity Leadership and Organizational Improvement Perspectives" establishes the need for and presents an overvie...
The Dominant Eye: Dominant for Parvo- But Not for Magno-Biased Stimuli?

Eye dominance is often defined as a preference for the visual input of one eye to the other. Implicit in this definition is the dominant eye has better visual function. Several studies have investigated the effect of visual direction or defocus on ocular dominance, but there is less evidence connecting ocular dominance and monocular visual thresholds. We used the classic “hole in card” method to determine the dominant eye for 28 adult observers (11 males and 17 females). We then compared contrast thresholds between the dominant and non-dominant eyes using grating stimuli biased to be processed more strongly either by the magnocellular (MC) or parvocellular (PC) pathway. Using non-parametric mean rank tests, the dominant eye was more sensitive overall than the non-dominant eye to both stimuli (z = −2.54, p = 0.01). The dominant eye was also more sensitive to the PC-biased stimulus (z = −2.22, p = 0.03) but not the MC-biased stimulus (z = −1.16, p = 0.25). We discuss the clinical relevance of these results as well as the implications for parallel visual pathways.
Temperature and residual stress distribution of FGM parts by DED process: modeling and experimental validation

Laser direct energy deposition (DED) is an advanced additive manufacturing technology, which can produce fully dense and functionally graded materials (FGMs) metal parts. Residual stress and distortion are crucial issues in DED process reducing the mechanical strength and the geometrical accuracy of the fabricated components. This work provided a combined approach involving thermo-mechanical model and experimental validation toward two FGM cases fabricated by DED process to reveal the residual stress and distortion distribution. Two fabrication approaches were used: a direct deposition of Cu on SS304L and a structure graded from iron alloy SS316L to nickel alloy In718 to pure Cu based on SS304L substrate. Thermal histories of the substrate and the residual stress on cross-section of the FGM part were measured to calibrate the 3D coupled thermo-mechanical model. The predicted temperature and stress results showed a good agreement with the experimental measurements. The distortion results of both fabricated walls showed an upwards bent trend. Because of the high-temperature gradient induced by the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient of different materials, very high distortion was observed at two edge regions of the second printing material of FGM part. From the residual stress standpoint, direct joining Cu on SS304L resulted in extremely high residual stress at the bi-material interface due to mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient of different materials. By introducing SS316L and In718 buffer layers, defect-free Cu can be successfully deposited on SS304L. This model can be used to predict the stress behavior of products fabricated by DED process and to help with the optimization of design and material chosen of FGMs process.
Circuitos Cortos de Comercialización alimentaria: Análisis de experiencias de la región de Valparaíso, Chile

Uno de los principales problemas de las experiencias agroecologicas colaborativas en la Region de Valparaiso es la comercializacion de sus productos alimentarios. Esto se explica fundamentalmente por las particularidades de la produccion agroecologica, la preponderancia del retail y la fuerte concentracion en pocos actores economicos en la distribucion. Se trata de una investigacion cuantitativa y cualitativa, que permitio identificar y caracterizar las cuatro modalidades de canales cortos de comercializacion presentes en la Region: plataformas digitales, tiendas especializadas, ferias y cooperativas de consumo. A partir de los discursos levantados por los informantes claves (productores y consumidores) de estas experiencias, se observan tendencias como que los productores agroecologicos utilizan diversas modalidades de comercializacion expresadas en una particular combinacion de ellos; que el consumidor agroecologico se encuentra en un estado germinal y se problematiza su relacion con el Estado y la institucionalidad. Los desafios comunes, tienen que ver con fortalecer los procesos educativos de los consumidores, reducir la brecha del precio final y avanzar en la consolidacion de redes de apoyo y trabajo colaborativo.
Dietary Pattern, Diet Quality, and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Background Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Some, but not all, recent studies have suggested that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of dementia. Objective In this meta-analysis, we systematically examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of dementia. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases from January 1, 1981 to September 11, 2019. Prospective studies published in English were included. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Sixteen research articles were identified in the systematic review and 12 research articles including 66,930 participants were further included for the meta-analysis. Adherence to high diet quality or a healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower risk of overall dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95; n = 12) and Alzheimer's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.79; n = 6) relative to those with low diet quality or an unhealthy dietary pattern. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, follow-up duration, diet quality assessment approach, study location, and study quality generated similar results. Conclusion Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of overall dementia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to provide additional evidence about the role of a healthy diet on the development and progression of dementia.
Predicting BMI in Young Children with Developmental Delay and Externalizing Problems: Links with Caregiver Depressive Symptoms and Acculturation.

BACKGROUND Caregiver depression is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity. However, studies assessing the relation between caregiver depression and childhood obesity have focused primarily on typically developing, school-aged children and have not examined the influence of cultural factors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) scores in young children with developmental delay (DD) and externalizing behavior problems, as well as the moderating role of acculturation and enculturation on this association. METHODS We examined the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI scores in 147 3-year-old children with DD and elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems. Caregivers of all participating children self-identified as coming from cultural minority backgrounds. We also examined the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI across levels of caregiver acculturation and enculturation. RESULTS Higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms were associated with higher child BMI scores (b = .189, p = .001). Acculturation significantly moderated the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI scores (b = .21, p = .01), such that the association was stronger for more acculturated caregivers. Enculturation was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver depressive symptoms may confer elevated risk for child obesity when caregivers are highly acculturated to the United States, suggesting clinicians should consider levels of acculturation to optimize services for children and families from cultural minority backgrounds.
Gas chromatography with dual cold electron ionization mass spectrometry and vacuum ultraviolet detection for the analysis of phenylethylamine analogues

Abstract Identification of phenethylamine (PEA) analogues is of great importance and requires analytical methods of high specificity. Forensic drug analysis is often performed by gas chromatography (GC) most commonly coupled with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. However, analysis of labile compounds is problematic with classical electron ionization (EI)-MS, and positional isomers may be difficult to differentiate by MS. Cold electron ionization (cold EI) improves molecular ion relative intensity by reducing the analyte vibrational energy prior to ionization. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) is a gas phase technique that can provide complementary selectivity to MS for identification. In this study, cold EI-MS was used in parallel with VUV detection for the analysis of select PEA analogues and positional isomers. Molecular ion relative intensity was increased for nearly all compounds included in this study. Principal component analysis demonstrated that VUV is more successful at distinguishing between positional isomers than MS. A library database of VUV spectra was set up to identify compounds, which was later used to deconvolute spectra of coeluting compounds. Detection limits for VUV are lower than those of MS with cold-EI, where VUV is capable of reaching sub-microgram per milliliter levels. Linearity tests on VUV showed high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.999) for close to or over and order-of-magnitude dynamic range.
Pesticide occurrence and persistence entering recreational lakes in watersheds of varying land uses

Abstract Currently little is known of newer pesticide classes and their occurrence and persistence in recreational lakes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) assess average pesticide concentrations and loadings entering recreational lakes in three mixed land use watersheds throughout the growing season, (2) evaluate pesticide persistence longitudinally within the lakes, and (3) perform an ecotoxicity assessment. Six sampling campaigns were conducted at three lakes from April through October 2018 to measure the occurrence and persistence during pre, middle, and post growing season. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were placed in streams near lake inlets and monthly samples were collected for analysis of twelve pesticides. Additional monthly grab water samples were taken at each POCIS location and at the midpoint and outlet of each lake. All pesticide samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and individual pesticide loading rates were determined. Occurrence and persistence of specific pesticides were significantly different between lakes in varying watershed land uses. Specifically, the recreational lake receiving predominately urban runoff had the highest load of pesticides, likely in the form of biocides, entering the waterbody. Concentrations of imidacloprid exceeded acute and chronic invertebrate levels for 11% and 61% of the sampling periods, respectively, with the recreational lake receiving predominately urban runoff having the most occurrences. Findings from this study are critical for preventing and mitigating potential effects of pesticides, specifically applied as biocides in urban landscapes, from entering and persisting in recreational lakes.
Behind the screen: content moderation in the shadows of social media: by Sarah T. Roberts, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2019, 280 pp., £14.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0300235883

Sarah T. Roberts’ Behind the Screen: Content Moderation in the Shadows of Social Media sheds light on the fact that what we see on the internet, especially social media platforms, has gone through ...
Examining decentering as a moderator in the relation between non-suicidal self-injury and suicide ideation via cognitive–affective factors

Objective Given the high prevalence of self-injury but low treatment-seeking among young adults, brief, accessible interventions might help reduce risk of self-injurious thoughts and behavior in this population. This cross-sectional study examined the moderating effects of decentering-a cognitive-affective regulation strategy-in the relation between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation via cognitive-affective factors that increase risk for both NSSI and suicide ideation. Methods College students (N = 125, 79% women), ages 18-27, pre-screened for moderate levels of depression and anxiety, completed self-report measures of NSSI, decentering, rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. Results Young adults with past-year non-suicidal self-injury scored lower on decentering than their peers without NSSI. Decentering was associated with lower levels of all cognitive-affective risk factors and moderated the relation between NSSI and rumination, but not the relation between NSSI and hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Decentering moderated the indirect effect of past-year non-suicidal self-injury on past-week suicide ideation via rumination, but not via hopelessness or depressive symptoms. Conclusions Decentering is a potential cognitive-affective regulation strategy for targeting factors that increase risk of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Future studies should examine decentering as a buffer against risk using designs that allow for conclusions about temporal order of effects.
The use of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Introduction The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein diet that has shown benefit as a treatment in neurologic disorders and may serve as a therapeutic option in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Methods A search was conducted using EBSCOhost and PubMed databases for studies relating to ketogenic or low-carbohydrate diets and psychiatric disorders. Results A total of 32 experimental or observational studies were identified by initial search strategies, 14 of which met the criteria to be included in this analysis. Although specific diet formulations varied somewhat between studies, they all generally examined low-carbohydrate dietary intake with the goal of producing a ketotic state. The studies included in this review indicated the KD was beneficial in reducing symptoms associated with various psychiatric disorders. Discussion This review summarizes the available evidence regarding the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in psychiatric disease states. Data from the studies analyzed demonstrated a positive response in individuals who were able to remain on the diet, regardless of the disease state. However, there is a need for more data to clearly define the specific benefits the KD may provide.
Spearphone: a lightweight speech privacy exploit via accelerometer-sensed reverberations from smartphone loudspeakers

In this paper, we build a speech privacy attack that exploits speech reverberations from a smartphone's inbuilt loudspeaker captured via a zero-permission motion sensor (accelerometer). We design our attack Spearphone, and demonstrate that speech reverberations from inbuilt loudspeakers, at an appropriate loudness, can impact the accelerometer, leaking sensitive information about the speech. In particular, we show that by exploiting the affected accelerometer readings and carefully selecting feature sets along with off-the-shelf machine learning techniques, Spearphone can perform gender classification (accuracy over 90%) and speaker identification (accuracy over 80%) for the audio/video playback on the smartphone for our recorded dataset. We use lightweight classifiers and an off-the-shelf machine learning tool so that the attacking effort is minimized, making our attack practical. Our results with testing the attack on a voice call and voice assistant response were also encouraging, showcasing the impact of the proposed attack. In addition, we perform speech recognition and speech reconstruction to extract more information about the eavesdropped speech to an extent. Our work brings to light a fundamental design vulnerability in many currently-deployed smartphones, which may put people's speech privacy at risk while using the smartphone in the loudspeaker mode during phone calls, media playback or voice assistant interactions.
Reviving Heritage in Post-Soviet Eastern Europe: A Visual Approach To National Identity

This paper seeks to demonstrate the controversial nature of heritage as it is expressed through visual media in the former Soviet republics. I explore Soviet-era emblems of cultural heritage in a post-Soviet context specifically to illuminate their influence on national identity. Drawing from imagery in the Baltic States, Belarus, and Ukraine I demonstrate how today’s lingering symbols of communist nationalism obscure the realization of national identity from being completely non-Soviet. Examples such as Grutas Park, Freedom Square and Minsk’s steadfast urban design illustrate how remembrance of the Soviet past through visual media poses a social conflict to transitional change in Eastern Europe.
Use of MRF residue as alternative fuel in cement production

Single-stream recycling has helped divert millions of metric tons of waste from landfills in the U.S., where recycling rates for municipal solid waste are currently over 30%. However, material recovery facilities (MRFs) that sort the municipal recycled streams do not recover 100% of the incoming material. Consequently, they landfill between 5% and 15% of total processed material as residue. This residue is primarily composed of high-energy-content non-recycled plastics and fiber. One possible end-of-life solution for these energy-dense materials is to process the residue into Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) that can be used as an alternative energy resource capable of replacing or supplementing fuel resources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, or biomass in many industrial and power production processes. This report addresses the energetic and environmental benefits and trade-offs of converting non-recycled post-consumer plastics and fiber derived from MRF residue streams into SRF for use in a cement kiln. An experimental test burn of 118 Mg of SRF in the precalciner portion of the cement kiln was conducted. The SRF was a blend of 60% MRF residue and 40% post-industrial waste products producing an estimated 60% plastic and 40% fibrous material mixture. The SRF was fed into the kiln at 0.9 Mg/h for 24h and then 1.8 Mg/h for the following 48 h. The emissions data recorded in the experimental test burn were used to perform the life-cycle analysis portion of this study. The analysis included the following steps: transportation, landfill, processing and fuel combustion at the cement kiln. The energy use and emissions at each step is tracked for the two cases: (1) The Reference Case, where MRF residue is disposed of in a landfill and the cement kiln uses coal as its fuel source, and (2) The SRF Case, in which MRF residue is processed into SRF and used to offset some portion of coal use at the cement kiln. The experimental test burn and accompanying analysis indicate that using MRF residue to produce SRF for use in cement kilns is likely an advantageous alternative to disposal of the residue in landfills. The use of SRF can offset fossil fuel use, reduce CO2 emissions, and divert energy-dense materials away from landfills. For this test-case, the use of SRF offset between 7700 and 8700 Mg of coal use, reduced CO2 emissions by at least 1.4%, and diverted over 7950 Mg of energy-dense materials away from landfills. In addition, emissions were reduced by at least 19% for SO2, while NOX emissions increased by between 16% and 24%. Changes in emissions of particulate matter, mercury, hydrogen chloride, and total-hydrocarbons were all less than plus or minus 2.2%, however these emissions were not measured at the cement kiln. Co-location of MRFs, SRF production facilities, and landfills can increase the benefits of SRF use even further by reducing transportation requirements.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Bacteriophage Mu

Temperature-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage Mu, which grow at 32 C but not at 42 C, have been isolated. These mutants fall into two groups. Group 1 mutants fail to lyse host cells at nonpermissive temperatures, whereas lysis occurs normally with the group 2 mutants. All of the group 1 mutants apparently belong to the cistrons mapping to the left of gene C, whereas the group 2 mutants have lesions in various genes between D and S.
Inferential Information Extraction

This paper is concerned with an outlook on information extraction (IE) that is steeped to a large extent in the traditional semantic notion of inferential reasoning. We make the case for a continued presence of inferential methods in IE, despite the ongoing trend towards simpler extraction processing models. We demonstrate the role of this kind of inference in the Alembic message understanding system, and also discuss the upstream syntactic processing that enables this. We present the finite-state parsing models that until recently have served this role, and cover at some length the issues of semantic interpretation that they require. As a pointer towards work to come, we also mention briefly our work in progress on parsing via grammatical relations, an approach that we hope will add great generality to our extraction framework.
Structural study of niobium-iron alloys

The niobium-iron system is reinvestigated and a possible revised phase diagram is presented incorporating pertinent results of the previous investigators. Nb48Fe52 (Nb19Fe20) is found to crystallize in theμ-phase structure (W6Fe7-type). A Ti2Ni-type phase or aσ phase, reported in the literature, was not found to exist in the system. Small amounts of carbon, Aluminium or Silicon do not stabilize these phases. The Laves phase NbFe2 has a wide homogeneity range from 64 to 72 at % Fe. The possibility of considering the Laves phases as electron compounds closely related to theσ family is discussed.
A novel design technique for tunable notch filters

A design technique is presented for narrowband digital notch filters. The transversal filters have linear phase, and their design is based on minimization of the integrated error energy over designated approximation bands. The optimal design is formulated as a constrained quadratic programming problem. A closed-form expression for the filter coefficients is presented. The notch frequency and null depth are the tunable parameters, and the tuning process is described. It is shown that tuning the filter requires a relatively minimal number of operations-a matrix-vector multiply is required to change the filter coefficients. Several examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed design technique. >