cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of interfacial instabilities on the strength of the interface in two‐layer plastic structures

We have experimentally investigated the coupling between interfacial instabilities and mechanical interlocking in polymeric films consisting of the incompatible polymer pair of polypropylene/high-density polyethylene and the compatible polymer pair of linear low-density polyethylene/high-density polyethylene. Our experimental results show that mechanical interlocking between the two phases can be achieved by controlling the extent of interfacial instabilities by properly selecting the initial disturbance frequency and amplitude as well as the layer depth ratio. Additionally, it has been shown that strength enhancement of the interface due to mechanical interlocking is directly proportional to the extent of wave bending in the processing apparatus. In fact, it has been demonstrated that in our test geometry maximum strength enhancement can be achieved at dimensionless wavenumbers near unity that correspond to disturbances with the largest growth rates. Overall, it has been shown that mechanical interlocking induced by a controlled amount of interfacial instabilities (i.e., based on knowledge of the stability of the interface and growth/decay rate of interfacial waves) can significantly increase the interfacial strength of two layer polymeric structures consisting of incompatible and compatible polymer pairs. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced in incompatible polymer pairs that possess negligible interfacial strength in absence of mechanical interlocking.
Polarization Michelson interferometer: principles and applications

Applications of the polarization Michelson interferometer are reviewed. These include analog and binary polarization modulation, time shearing of a light pulse into a doublet of two separate pulses with orthogonal linear polarizations, creation of 'polarization-chirped' light pulses, generation of total and partial polarization states on and within the Poincare sphere, and measurement of the coherence and spectral properties of a quasimonochromatic light source.
Amyloid and tau accumulation precede CSF production decline in normal aging

Background It has been shown that there is an age-related decrease in CSF production in the Fischer rat brain, and that this decrease follows the CNS deposition of amyloid rather than preceding it [1]. We have postulated that amyloid and Tau accumulation in normal aging is multi-factorial, combining early defects in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transport of amyloid beta-peptide (A-beta) with later changes in CSF production and turnover, as well as up-regulation of A-beta influx transport.
Genome-wide scan for self-rating of the effects of alcohol in American Indians.

OBJECTIVE This study's aims were to map loci linked to self-rating of the effects of alcohol and to determine if there was overlap with loci mapped earlier for other substance dependence phenotypes in an American Indian community at high risk for substance dependence. METHODS Each participant gave a blood sample and completed a structured diagnostic interview using the Semi Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Retrospective report of responses to alcohol during the FIRST FIVE TIMES they had ever drank alcohol was estimated from the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire for each participant. Genotypes were determined for a panel of 791 micro-satellite polymorphisms in 381 members of multiplex families using SOLAR. RESULTS Analyses of multipoint variance component Log of Odds (LOD) scores, for the FIRST FIVE TIMES phenotype, revealed two loci that had a LOD score greater than 3.0 on chromosomes 6 and 9. In addition, three locations were identified with LOD scores above 2.0 on chromosomes 10, 12, 17. CONCLUSION These results corroborate the importance of regions on chromosome 6 and 9 highlighted in earlier segregation studies in this and other populations for substance dependence-related phenotypes, as well as an area on chromosome 10 earlier identified for the FIRST FIVE TIMES phenotype in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. These studies additionally lend further support the construct that the SRE may represent an important endophenotype associated with alcohol and other substance dependence.
Preventive peacekeeping, ethnic violence, and Macedonia

Peacekeeping troops can in some cases be used preventively to forestall ethnic violence. For the peacekeeping mission to be successful, all major parties to the conflict must wish for the peace to be kept, must consent to the peacekeeping mission, and must cooperate in implementing it. The international community must also be strongly motivated to act. Macedonia represents a rare case in which all of these conditions were met. The Macedonian government consented to the introduction of peacekeepers because of an external threat from Serbia, and the international community acted out of fear that a conflict in Macedonia might escalate into a broader Balkan war. The UN preventive peacekeeping effort in Macedonia has therefore been useful in stabilizing that country. In cases where these conditions are absent, such as Croatia in 1991, preventive peacekeeping either cannot be attempted or is unlikely to succeed.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation with Cognitive Decline in Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: Findings from a National Health Survey in the United States

Objectives. We aimed to test the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is significantly associated with cognitive decline (CoD) in elderly adults and further assess whether MetS and inflammation have a significant joint effect on CoD. Methods. Data (n = 2975) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002) in participants aged ≥60 years who had Digit Symbol Substitution Tests (DSS: a standard measure of cognitive function) were studied. CoD was defined as those in the lowest quintile of DSS score. MetS was defined as having ≥3 of 5 MetS traits (large waist circumference (WC), high blood pressure (BP), elevated glucose, triglycerides, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results. Of 2975 participants, the prevalence of CoD (DSS score <25) was 12.1%. After adjusting covariates, individual large WC, high BP, elevated glucose level, and MetS were significantly associated with CoD in logistic regression models (P < 0.001). There was a significant dose-response relationship between an increased number of MetS traits and CoD (P < 0.001). A significant joint effect of MetS and CRP on the odds of CoD was observed. Conclusion. The study, using a nationally representative sample, extended previous studies by highlighting a significant MetS-CoD relationship and a joint effect of MetS and CRP on CoD. These novel findings add to our understanding of the association of neurometabolic disorders and cognition and have implications that may be relevant to primary care practice.
Pesticide mixtures potentiate the toxicity in murine thymocytes

The immunotoxic risks of multiple pesticide exposure were evaluated. C57BL/6 mouse thymocytes were exposed to lindane, malathion, and permethrin, either separately or in mixtures of two pesticides, in vitro. These pesticide exposures caused both apoptotic and necrotic cell death in thymocytes as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis in combination with 7-aminoactinomycin-D (7-AAD), Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. When cells exposed to mixtures of two pesticides, a significantly greater than additive interaction was observed in both apoptotic and necrotic populations of cells. The gel electrophoresis of DNA of cells showed DNA ladder formation with limited genomic DNA and increased laddering in mixture exposures. Based on these findings, it is suggested that these pesticides are potent immunotoxicants, in vitro, and that the mechanism of cytotoxicity observed upon exposure to these pesticides may, at least in part, be due to induction of apoptosis. We also provided evidence that induction of drug metabolizing mixed function oxidase system with lindane may, in part, be responsible for the potentiation of cytotoxicity in the combined exposures. As more information is obtained on the potential immunotoxic effects of pesticides, further insights will be gained for the risk assessment of these environmental pollutants.
Preparation and Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Defatted Soybean Flakes

Full-fat soybean flakes were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at pressures of 10,600–12,400 psi, temperatures from 80–100°C, and moisture levels of 5–13.5%. Conditions could be selected to produce defatted soybean meals with nitrogen solubility indices greater than 70% and flavor scores greater than 6.5 on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = strong and 10 = bland). The usual grassy-beany and bitter flavors of hexane-defatted soybean flours were only minimally detectable in the optimally SC-CO2-extracted materials. Bland, defatted soybean meal prepared by SC-CO2 extraction was further processed into high-quality protein concentrates and isolates that were stable when stored under adverse conditions.
Purification and Characterization of Milk Lipase, II. Characterization of the Purified Enzyme

Summary The enzymic characteristics of a pure and homogeneous milk lipase were studied. The enzyme was best stored in a frozen state and was extremely unstable at 20, 30, 37, and 45 C. The enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum of 9.0 to 9.2, and its optimum temperature was about 37 C. The enzyme hydrolyzed both milk fat and tributyrin. Upon storage at 37 C the loss of the activities toward milk fat and tributyrin was of the same magnitude. Also, sodium para-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetic acid, and N-ethyl maleimide inhibited the activity of the enzyme toward the two substrates to the same extent, indicating that the lipolysis of both the substrates may be catalyzed by a single enzyme. The enzyme showed little or no activity on ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ortho-nitrophenyl acetate, and para-nitrophenyl laurate esters in solution, but hydrolyzed the emulsions of milk fat, olive oil, and tributyrin very actively, thus demonstrating the characteristics of a true lipase. It appears to be an enzyme with a high specificity for glycerol esters. The presence of milk constituents seemed to exert an inhibitory effect upon the enzymic activity. With the natural emulsion substrates a lag phase was observed in the time-activity curves for a period of 20 min, after which the reaction rate increased with time up to 2 hr.
Myocardial Effects of Pericardial Tamponade

Abstract Through a previously implanted catheter, normothermic normal saline solution was infused into the pericardial sacs of dogs. Sufficient pericardial tamponade was induced to lower the arterial pressure from an average control of 160/112 mm. Hg to an average of 97/69. Tamponade was maintained for 6 hours during constant monitoring of arterial, central venous, and pericardial pressures. During the 72 hours following tamponade, serial determinations of serum creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase were made. At 72 hours the animals were sacrificed and their hearts studied for gross and microscopical myocardial pathology. All experimental animals showed striking enzyme elevations, and 6 of 10 had visible myocardial necrosis. Correlation between elevations of serum CPK and central venous and pericardial pressures with the degree of myocardial necrosis was significant at the p
262 ALPHA-METHYLDOPA METABOLISM IN HYPERTENSIVE AND RENAL INSUFFICIENT CHILDREN: IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW METABOLITE

Despite extensive clinical use, the basis for the antihypertensive action of alpha-methyldopa (α-MD) has remained undefined. Alpha-methyldopamine (α-MDA), the decarboxylated product of α-MD, has been suggested as a possible mediator of these effects in the CNS. A sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic system coupled to an electrochemical detector has been developed for the assay of α-MD, its metabolites and their sulfated conjugates in biological specimens. This technique has routinely detected 0.1 μg/ml of aromatic amine. In 7 hypertensive pediatric patients receiving α-MD therapy, the serum levels of α-MD and its 3-O-SO4 conjugate were significantly elevated in subjects with impaired renal function (creatinine>2.0). The presence of α-MDA and its 3-O-SO4 conjugate has also been demonstrated in serum. In renal dysfunction there is a 6-10 fold elevation of both α-MDA and its sulfated conjugate. The ratio α-MDA-3-O-SO4:α-MDA (7-10) is significantly higher than the comparable α-MD-3-O-SO4:α-MD ratio (2-4) in all patients. The accumulation of the presynaptically-active α-MDA and its sulfated conjugate in hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction may modify the response of these patients to α-MD. Studies in progress will attempt to define the mechanism of action of α-MD and relate its therapeutic effectiveness to metabolic products of this agent. (Supported by USPHS Grant #HD-08580).
RESPIRATORY BURST OF BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA HEMOCYTES: SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI–RESISTANT SNAILS PRODUCE MORE EXTRACELLULAR H2O2 THAN SUSCEPTIBLE SNAILS

The production of reactive oxygen species by hemocytes from the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata has been linked to their ability to kill the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. For 2 laboratory strains of the snail, 1 resistant (13-16-R1) and 1 susceptible (MO) to the PR1 strain of S. mansoni, we compared hemocyte production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide when stimulated with the protein kinase C agonist phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The time course of the PMA-induced response is similar in both strains with respect to onset, peak production, and termination of the respiratory burst. However, the magnitude of the response differs between strains, in that hemocytes from resistant snails generate significantly more hydrogen peroxide. These findings suggest that the capacity to produce hydrogen peroxide could be critical in determining susceptibility or resistance to S. mansoni.
Respiratory-related evoked potentials elicited by inspiratory occlusions in double-lung transplant recipients.

This study investigated the role of lung vagal afferents in the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) response to inspiratory occlusions by using double-lung transplant recipients as a lung d...
The Proliferation of Legalized Gambling: Implications for Health Education

Legalized gambling is growing substantially and provides both a dilemma and an opportunity for those in the health promoting professions. Gambling represents a form of economic development and, for certain segments of society, improved health and quality of life. On the other hand, gambling is a known addiction, with a host of sociological problems associated with its practice. Consequently, a number of opportunities and responsibilities emerge for health educators. This article provides both background information and suggestions for professional development, and begins a dialogue in the health education literature on this largely neglected and misunderstood topic.
Parameter identification in structured discrete-time uncertainties without persistency of excitation

Concurrent Learning has been previously used in continuous-time uncertainty estimation problems and adaptive control to solve the parameter identification problem without requiring persistently exciting inputs. Specifically selected past data are jointly combined with current data for adaptation. Here, we extend the parameter identification problem results of Concurrent Learning for structured uncertainties in the continuous-time domain to the discrete-time domain. Alike the continuous-time case, we show that, in discrete-time, a sufficient, testable on-line and less restrictive condition compared to persistency of excitation guarantees global exponential stability of the parameter error when using Concurrent Learning.
Compression Molding of Aspherical Glass Lenses–A Combined Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Compression molding of glass aspherical lenses has become a viable manufacturing process for precision optics. The widespread use of this process has been hampered by the lack of its fundamental understanding. This research is a part of the ongoing effort to understand some of the issues related to the process. Simple lens molding experiments were performed on a commercial precision lens molding machine. A finite element method (FEM) program was used to create a simple numerical model and analyze the molding process. Experimental results show that this process is capable of producing precision optical components. A comparison of the experimental results with the predicted results indicates that with a more sophisticated numerical model, it is possible to use FEM as a tool for process analysis.
Case 68: A Short Patient with a High BMI

Today you are scheduled to anesthetize a very pleasant 44-year-old lady. She is 145 kg and 4 ft 9 in. (BMI 56.3). She is coming for a vaginal hysterectomy. She is otherwise healthy with no allergies. You place an IV in the preoperative area, give her sedation, and take her to the operating room. You anesthetize her in a routine fashion. She is an easy mask and a grade 2 view. The airway is secured with a #7 endotracheal tube and bilateral air entry is heard. After the patient is asleep, the patient’s legs are positioned in stirrups (Yellowfins, Allen Medical, Acton, MA 01720). Prior to the start of the operation, the surgeon requests the operating room table to be elevated as high possible, with a steep head down position. She explains that this is done so that she, the surgeon, can stand and see what she is doing.
Running in the real world: adjusting leg stiffness for different surfaces

A running animal coordinates the actions of many muscles, tendons, and ligaments in its leg so that the overall leg behaves like a single mechanical spring during ground contact. Experimental observations have revealed that an animal's leg stiffness is independent of both speed and gravity level, suggesting that it is dictated by inherent musculoskeletal properties. However, if leg stiffness was invariant, the biomechanics of running (e.g. peak ground reaction force and ground contact time) would change when an animal encountered different surfaces in the natural world. We found that human runners adjust their leg stiffness to accommodate changes in surface stiffness, allowing them to maintain similar running mechanics on different surfaces. These results provide important insight into mechanics and control of animal locomotion and suggest that incorporating an adjustable leg stiffness in the design of hopping and running robots is important if they are to match the agility and speed of animals on varied terrain.
Match-only integral distribution (MOID) algorithm for high-density oligonucleotide array analysis.

High-density oligonucleotide arrays have become a valuable tool for high-throughput gene expression profiling. Increasing the array information density and improving the analysis algorithms are two important computational research topics. A new algorithm, Match-Only Integral Distribution (MOID), was developed to analyze high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Using known data from both spiking experiments and no-change experiments performed with Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays, MOID and the Affymetrix algorithm implemented in Microarray Suite 4.0 (MAS4) were compared. While MOID gave similar performance to MAS4 in the spiking experiments, better performance was observed in the no-change experiments. MOID also provides a set of alternative statistical analysis tools to MAS4. There are two main features that distinguish MOID from MAS4. First, MOID uses continuous P values for the likelihood of gene presence, while MAS4 resorts to discrete absolute calls. Secondly, MOID uses heuristic confidence intervals for both gene expression levels and fold change values, while MAS4 categorizes the significance of gene expression level changes into discrete fold change calls. The results show that by using MOID, Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays may need as little as ten probes per gene without compromising analysis accuracy.
IS WELFARE AN INDEPENDENT GOOD

In recent years, philosophical inquiry into individual welfare has blossomed into something of a cottage industry, and this literature has provided the conceptual foundations for an equally voluminous literature on aggregate social welfare. In this essay, I argue that substantial portions of both bodies of literature ought to be viewed as philosophical manifestations of a characteristically modern illusion—the illusion, in particular, that there is a special kind of goodness that is irreducibly person-relative. Theories that are built upon this idea suffer from a recurring defect. Such theories relativize welfare to subjective states that are wholly unsuited to settling deliberative questions concerning what it would be good for us to do, because they themselves are subjective outlooks on value and their dependability is itself fair game for deliberative review. They are unstable, then, in the course of first-person deliberation, which is precisely where they are supposed to have their primary application. The idea of an irreducibly person-relative kind of goodness is of modern vintage, and its rise has distorted prevailing interpretations of pre-modern alternatives, including the appealing alternative found in Plato and Aristotle. A further objective of this essay is to recover this alternative, bring out its appeal, and answer some possible objections to it.
In-band wireless cut-through: is it possible?

This paper explores if wireless cut-through is possible. Unlike wired cut-through, wireless cut-through, if realized, can reduce latency and improve throughput by upto 3x. This paper shows that one way to implement cut-through is for every node to forward the previously decoded packet while receiving the current packet. This strategy is called decode-and-forward D&F). Another way is to have every node forward without decoding. This strategy is called amplify-and-forward (A&F). This paper shows that both D&F and A&F have many shortcomings. It proposes a new way to realize cut-through that reduces latency and increases throughput over traditional routing.This paper implements the first cut-through routing modules. Through multiple emulations of existing operational networks, it shows that cut-through switching can improve sum network throughput by up to 2.2x compared to traditional routing.
Phosphorylation-dependent interaction of osteopontin with its receptors regulates macrophage migration and activation

Neutrophil-independent macrophage re- sponses are a prominent part of delayed-type im- mune and healing processes and depend on T cell- secreted cytokines. An important mediator in this setting is the phosphoprotein osteopontin, whose secretion by activated T cells confers resistance to infection by several intracellular pathogens through recruitment and activation of macrophages. Here, we analyze the structural basis of this activity fol- lowing cleavage of the phosphoprotein by thrombin into two fragments. An interaction between the C-terminal domain of osteopontin and the recep- tor CD44 induces macrophage chemotaxis, and engagement of 3-integrin receptors by a nonover- lapping N-terminal osteopontin domain induces cell spreading and subsequent activation. Serine phosphorylation of the osteopontin molecule on specific sites is required for functional interaction with integrin but not CD44 receptors. Thus, in addition to regulation of intracellular enzymes and substrates, phosphorylation also regulates the bio- logical activity of secreted cytokines. These data, taken as a whole, indicate that the activities of distinct osteopontin domains are required to coor- dinate macrophage migration and activation and may bear on incompletely understood mechanisms of delayed-type hypersensitivity, wound healing, and granulomatous disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72: 752-761; 2002.
Comprehensive low-voltage motor specifications

This paper describes the circumstances and reasoning leading to the development of a comprehensive specification for low-voltage motors through NEMA frame size 447 (250 HP). The paper includes a brief explanation of an overall approach to the creation, management, and use of a guide specification database using extensive imbedded notes to the specifier. The paper also summarizes a practical approach for specifying and applying these motors with variable frequency drives, including their application in hazardous locations. Enclosures, bearings, speed, efficiency, vibration, insulation, housing construction, grounding, service factor, and warranty are all dealt with in a practical, comprehensive manner. >
On the vertical structure of damped steady circulation in the tropics

This paper presents an analysis of the vertical structure of steady motion in a dissipative tropical atmosphere forced by steady isolated diabatic heating. Vertical modes appropriate to the problem are obtained, and the forcing is projected onto these modes. With the use of an analytic expression obtained by Gill (1980) for the horizontal structure, these modes are summed to obtain the amplitude and the vertical structure of the response in the region to the east of the heating.
Setting up tropical biodiversity for conservation through non-damaging use: participation by parataxonomists

Summary 1. A parataxonomist is a resident, field-based, biodiversity inventory specialist who is largely on-the-job trained out of the rural work force and makes a career of providing specimens and their natural history information to the taxasphere, and therefore to a multitude of users across society. 2. Any large inventory effort will benefit from a team of parataxonomists, not only through the large quantity of material and information they will gather and process, but through its among-year and within-season continuity. 3. Parataxonomists’ accuracy increases substantially with pride of workplace ownership, experience, and detail and continuity of iterative feedback from users of specimens and information. 4. Being drawn from the pool of rural workers into activities that are normally the privilege of university-educated citizens, parataxonomists require continuous mentoring and encouragement to compensate for their potential social isolation from their former peer groups and the defensive disdain with which they may be treated by more elevated social classes. 5. Synthesis and applications. Parataxonomists are a key element in setting up wild biodiversity for non-damaging sustainable development, not only through finding and making biodiversity available, but also by being employed locally by its development. The parataxonomist is to the neighbouring forest as both a literate person and a reference librarian are to a library.
Aging in the Canine and Feline Brain

Aging dogs and cats show neurodegenerative features that are similar to human aging and Alzheimer disease. Neuropathologic changes with age may be linked to signs of cognitive dysfunction both in the laboratory and in a clinic setting. Less is known about cat brain aging and cognition and this represents an area for further study. Neurodegenerative diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases in dogs and cats also show similar features of human aging, suggesting some common underlying pathogenic mechanisms and also suggesting pathways that can be modified to promote healthy brain aging.
Child reporting and testimony in incest cases: Comments on the construction and reconstruction of reality

Verifying reports of intrafamilial sexual abuse has become more complex, with doubts raised about the credibility of children as reporters and witnesses. This article explores factors that influence the interaction between a child's experience of sexual abuse within the family and the description of that abuse in a broader social context outside the family. The child must respond to differing contextual cues that are likely to require opposing constructions of "reality." Thus the stage is set for uncertainty, self-contradiction, and lack of reliability. Suggestions are made for improving the handling of reported incest cases by social service and legal systems. Language: en
A convex characterization of distributed control problems in spatially invariant systems with communication constraints

In this paper we consider the problem of distributed controller design in spatially invariant systems for which communication among sites is limited. In particular, the controller is constrained so that information is propagated with a delay that depends on the distance between subsystems—a structure we refer to as “funnel” causality. We show that the problem of optimal design can be cast as a convexproblem provided that the plant has a similar funnel-causality structure, and the propagation speeds in the controller are at least as fast as those in the plant. As an example, we consider the case of the wave dynamics with limited propagation speed control. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Quantifying transport phenomena in food processing with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a spectroscopic technique capable of measuring food structure and transport phenomena occurring in foods and in simulated process equipment. This review presents an introduction to the theory of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and presents methods of analysis for quantifying the transport of heat, mass and momentum in foods during processing, lite methods demonstrate the utility of using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to study food processing systems. Specific examples include characterization of the rheology of fluid foods and of liquid to solid phase transitions.
Model to Hardware Matching for nm Scale Technologies

Our ability to reliably predict the outcome of a semiconductor manufacturing process has been steadily deteriorating. This is happening because of two important factors. First, the overall CMOS technology slowdown has led to rapidly increasing complexity in the process and in its interaction with design. This has in turn caused an increase in the number and magnitude of systematic sources of mismatch between simulation models (both at the circuit simulation and timing levels) and hardware measurements. Second, manufacturing variability--long a source of concern only for analog design--is becoming important for digital designs as well and thus its prediction is now a first order priority. However, it is competing for the attention of researchers and CAD developers with a host of other so-called nm effects, thus slowing down the delivery of needed solutions. The result is (a) our ability to arbitrarily compose a design out of disparate components is compromised because of a high degree of interaction between these components and (b) our ability to predict the nominal performance of a design as well as its tolerances and sensitivities is in danger. Phenomena like SRAM stability and leakage power variations are the first of many problems we are facing at 65nm and below. In this talk, we will review these issues and show how they are all related to the core issue of model to hardware matching. We will also show examples of potential solutions to this problem some of which are currently being developed in IBM, and some which are longer term and would benefit greatly from the attention of the academic community.
Cross-racial interpersonal relations and job satisfaction

This research focuses on effects of the increased racial/ethnic diversity among managers in large American corporations. It concentrates on links between two important variables in contemporary corporate/organizational life: job satisfaction and the quality of cross-racial interpersonal relations. It uses a theoretical framework based on Fernandez (1981) to predict a positive correlation between quality of black/white cross-racial interpersonal relations and job satisfaction. Results with modest effect sizes in each of two samples and qualitative data supported the hypothesis. The findings have the practical implication that efforts in the organization to improve quality of cross-racial interpersonal relations are not antagonistic to attempts to raise levels of job satisfaction.
Press Coverage of the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election: A Multinational, Cross-Language Comparison

Presidential elections in the United States present a unique media research opportunity because their outcomes produce a range of impacts for different countries around the world. Unsurprisingly, these elections generate a substantial amount of media interest; nearly 1,500 reporters covered both party conventions in 2012 and continued reporting to Election Day. This chapter takes a novel approach to assessing international press coverage by combining in-country comparisons of two newspapers, one English language and one local language, with cross-national comparisons of 2012 U.S. presidential election coverage in seven countries: China, France, Iran, Mexico, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States. A mixed-methods content and textual analysis of 663 newspaper articles from 14 newspapers highlights similarities as well as differences among news coverage across the globe, offering insights into a variety of nations’ interests and concerns vis-a -vis the United States and its presidential race. By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches this study both provides a broad picture of the coverage (e.g., prevalence, prominence, types, sources) and captures many nuances of the coverage (e.g., use of localizing angles, cross-language differences within individual countries). Moreover, authors of this study represent a range of national origins, demonstrating the advantages of using culturally diverse research teams to conduct cross-national analyses of news coverage.
Variable focus smartphone based microscope using an elastomer liquid lens

We present a smartphone based microscope using elastomer liquid lens as the objective to achieve adjustable magnification without lens displacement or replacement. The microscope is small enough to fit into a pocket wallet and can work with smartphone cameras. Instead of using an elastomer membrane with a constant thickness, a membrane with a varied thickness profile is used to reduce the working pressure for improved reliability. Compared to the existing smartphone based microscopes, this microscope allows adjustable magnification without the needs for compromising the miniaturization. It thus promises potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics and other on-chip optical inspections.
Erythrocyte acid phosphatase in health and disease.

Erythrocytes contain an acid phosphomonoesterase active in varying degree with a number of phosphate ester substrates. In 1943 Behrendt observed strong activity over a pH range of 4.8 to 6.1 in human red blood cells. King and associates noted that phosphate esters of phenol were unusually active substrates, and recorded the pH of optimal activity as 4.8 to 5.2. with human material. These authors stated that no abnormalities were observed in various disease states, but did not specify the nature of disease surveyed nor the number of examples studied. In 1949 Abul-Fadl and King observed that the human erythrocytic enzyme was greatly inhibited by Cu + in concentrations as low as 0.0002 M, and that this inhibition could not be reversed by thiols. They concluded that the acid phosphatases of human erythrocytes and prostate gland were different. In 1949 Behrendt observed that the erythrocytic enzyme was 100 times more active with phenylphosphate as substrate than was the enzyme normally present in serum. Inasmuch as activity was noted with intact erythrocytes, he concluded that phenylphosphate must penetrate the membrane of the red cell, and speculated that the introduction of a phenyl group could favor lipoid solubility. Tsuboi and Hudson have extensively studied the properties of phosphomonoesterase from human red cells. With crude hemolysates,
Species of the genus Filobasidiella differ in the organization of their 5S rRNA genes

The genus Filobasidiella contains two species, F. neoformans and F. depauperata. The 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the two species were found to have completely different genomic arrangements. We previ...
AIDS and the Laboratory: A Time for Reason

“scientific issues pale in comparison to the highly sensitive issues of law, ethics, economics, morality, and social cohesion that are beginning to surface”
Comparison and Analysis of the Thermospheric Density between TIEGCM and CHAMP during a Severe Geomagnetic Storm

The thermospheric densities at the altitude of 410 km during the geomagnetic storm on Nov.20-21,2003 are calculated by NCAR-TIEGCM model,and the results are compared and analyzed with the observational data from CHAMP/STAR.The results show that the model can exactly represent the distribution and variation of the density during geomagnetic storm,and the model results have a good consistency with the CHAMP data in trends and orders.But some differences do exist in detailed structure and magnitude.The model underestimated the increases of the density during geomagnetic storm with the values of 100%~125%,instead of the 250%~400%observed by CHAMP.The deviations between the model and CHAMP at high latitude are bigger than those of low latitude,and dayside bigger than nightside.It is also found that the density disturbance during geomagnetic storm presents day-night asymmetry and Southern-Northern hemisphere asymmetry.The model can exactly represent the propagation of the density disturbance from high latitude to low latitude,and the time delay in response of the density to geomagnetic storm.
Barriers and methods to improve office-based procedural training in a family medicine residency

Family Medicine is a unique field in which the physician is required to be knowledgeable about many different aspects of medicine across all ages, genders, and specialties. This knowledge includes the ability to perform a wide variety of procedures including obstetric, dermatology, gynecology, and sports medicine procedures.1-4 Family Medicine residency programs are faced with the challenge of educating residents about these procedures and ensuring that the residents achieve competency in those skills prior to graduation.5-8 Learning procedural skills is a gradual process that progresses through multiple steps, with the key elements being exposure to and ability to perform the procedure.9 During training, there must be a sufficient number of procedures in order for the resident to achieve competency. This paper will discuss a simple intervention that allowed the Family Medicine Center (FMC) to increase the number of procedures performed in the clinic with residents directly involved, thereby, increasing the opportunity for residents to participate and learn these skills. Implementing procedure training Needs assessment An online survey service was used to send a needs assessment to all residents and attending physicians of the FMC. The questions included asking for the types of procedures the physicians performed, importance of performing procedures, reasons for offering procedures in the FMC setting, as well as satisfaction with the number of procedures currently performed in the clinic. For residents there was a question regarding the kind of procedures they thought they were likely to perform upon graduation. Physicians were asked about possible strategies for improving procedure training in the FMC as well as potential barriers to this type of training.
TH-AB-BRB-00: Research Opportunities with Digital Linear Accelerators

Current state-of-the art digital C-arm medical linear accelerators are capable of delivering radiation treatments with high level of automation, which affords coordinated motions of gantry, couch, and multileaf collimator (MLC) with dose rate modulations. The new machine capacity has shown the potential to bring substantially improved radiation dosimetry and/or delivery efficiency to many challenging diseases. Combining an integrated beam orientation optimization algorithm with automated machine navigation, markedly improved dose conformity has been achieved using 4ρ therapy. Trajectory modulated radiation therapy (TMAT) can be used to deliver highly conformal dose to partial breast or to carve complex dose distribution for therapy involving extended volumes such as total marrow and total lymph node treatment. Dynamic electron arc radiotherapy (DEAR) not only overcomes the deficiencies of conventional electron therapy in dose conformity and homogeneity but also achieves so without patient-specific shields. The combination of MLC and couch tracking provides improved motion management of thoracic and abdominal tumors. A substantial body of work has been done in these technological advances for clinical translation. The proposed symposium will provide a timely review of these exciting opportunities. Learning Objectives: 1.Recognize the potential of using digitally controlled linacs for clinically significant improvements in delivered dose distributions for various treatment sites. 2.Identify existing approaches to treatment planning, optimization and delivery for treatment techniques utilizing the advanced functions of digital linacs and venues for further development and improvement. 3.Understand methods for testing and validating delivery system performance. 4.Identify tools available on current delivery systems for implementation and control for such treatments. 5.Obtain the update in clinical applications, trials and regulatory approval. K. Sheng, NIH U19AI067769, NIH R43CA183390, NIH R01CA188300, Varian Medical Systems V. Yu, Varian Medical Systems, AAPM Summer Undergraduate Fellowship, NSF graduate fellowship S. Nill, Elekta AB. Cancer Research UK under Programme C33589/A19727, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research.
Renal Papillary Necrosis and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Secondary to Analgesic Abuse

AbstractAnalgesic abuse has been described as a cause of renal papillary necrosis. However, few cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with analgesic abuse have been reported. A patient with both complications occurring within an 11-month period is discussed
Effects of Environmental Factors in Nudging School Children Towards More Healthful Food Choices in School Cafeterias

We examine how queuing pattern, in terms of how children line up at school cafeterias, influences their eating behavior. To elaborate, we compare single-line queuing, in which students stand in one central line and the student at the head of the line is sent to the first available cashier, with multi-line queuing, where a separate queue is formed in front of each cashier; we investigate how these two types of queuing influence students’ healthful food choices.
PolyFuse: A Large-Scale Hybrid Data Fusion System

The big data era brought us petabytes of data together with the challenges of storing and efficiently accessing largescale datasets. However, it unexpectedly surprised everyone with an enormous variety of data sources and types, and corresponding different data models. Dealing with a variety of those data models turned out to be a “hard nut to crack” for almost all existing data management engines. Data integration, a mature field addressing problems of accessing and fusing data residing in more than one datasource, over the years came up with feasible semi-automatic solutions, most of which efficiently handle a handful of data sources represented in one or two different data models (e.g. relational and semistructured) [Haas et al., 2005], [Gubanov et al., 2008]. While this is significant progress, most of the solutions do not easily scale up, since they usually require some sort of human assistance, infeasible at scale. Unified Famous Object (UFO) [Gubanov et al., 2009], [Bellahsene et al., 2011], [Gubanov et al., 2011a] was one of the first attempts to crack data fusion at scale by introducing a new abstraction called UFO that could incrementally learn different representations of data objects in different sources, and, over time, train itself to recognize and map them with high accuracy without supervision. Having trained many such UFOs, the system would get more and more powerful, as it learned to recognize and access data objects across many sources without supervision. While UFO was definitely progress towards scaling up data fusion, it was not a “silver bullet”, because it was built mostly for relational data. Hence, there is a need for a new large-scale data integration system that could handle many types of data at scale. This paper sketches its architecture, and envisions potential research challenges. First, a few key principles that such a system should follow are described, then follows the discussion on architecture and research avenues.
Inhibition of NF-κB activity by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 1 for innate immune evasion

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus emerged in the US is known to suppress the type I interferons response during infection. In the present study using porcine epithelial cells, we showed that PEDV inhibited both NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. PEDV blocked the p65 activation in infected cells and suppressed the PRD II-mediated NF-κB activity. Of the total of 22 viral proteins, nine proteins were identified as NF-κB antagonists, and nsp1 was the most potent suppressor of proinflammatory cytokines. Nsp1 interfered the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and thus blocked the p65 activation. Mutational studies demonstrated the essential requirements of the conserved residues of nsp1 for NF-κB suppression. Our study showed that PEDV inhibited NF-κB activity and nsp1 was a potent NF-κB antagonist for suppression of both IFN and early production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Marine composite sandwich plates under air and water blasts

Abstract Fluid-structure interaction solutions for the air and water blast response of marine composite sandwich panels with crushable foam cores are presented in this paper. Reflected and radiated acoustic pressure waves were introduced using Taylor's FSI method into Lagrange's equations of motion for the sandwich plate. In comparison to air blast, water-structure interactions diminished deflection and slowed down the response of the sandwich panel for a given pressure pulse loading. The predicted elastic-plastic transient response of the sandwich panel from the analytical model was shown to be fairly consistent results with ABAQUS Explicit. Pressure amplitudes to initiate damage in a sandwich panel with E-glass/Vinyl Ester facesheets and PVC H250 foam core were calculated under water blast/air back, water blast/water back, and air blast/air back conditions. It took significantly higher pressures to initiate damage in the panels under water blast/air back and water blast/water back conditions than in the air blast/air back plate because of fluid damping and higher plastic work dissipation in the core. A parametric study showed that on a per unit areal weight basis, panels with softer, more ductile foams were more blast resistant than panels with strong and stiff cores because of work dissipation during core plasticity. In the water blast cases, foam yielding was affected by transverse compression and not only transverse shear, as is usually case in air blast-loaded sandwich panels.
Guidelines for medical research in children

Nearly everyone agrees that violations in research occur. Nobody knows how often. But if Pediatrics is to progress children must be the subjects of research carried out in an acceptable way. The following guidelines should be followed in childhood experimentation: (1) Research should not be done on children if the same investigation can be done in adults. (2) All research projects must be evaluated by ethics committees having as members lay people and investigators possessing the qualities of competence and judgement. (3) The degree of benefit from a research procedure should be assessed against the risk of disturbance, discomfort or pain. (4) Statements regarding consent are meaningless and consent is still only partially informed. Although a parental signature does not mean that consent is informed, nevertheless parental consent must still remain as a key requirement in childhood experimentation.