cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction with Decay-Accelerating Factor Facilitates Coxsackievirus B Infection of Polarized Epithelial Cells

All coxsackie B (CB) viruses can initiate infection by attaching to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Although some CB isolates also bind to decay-accelerating factor (DAF), the role of DAF interaction during infection remains uncertain. We recently observed that CAR in polarized epithelial cells is concentrated at tight junctions, where it is relatively inaccessible to virus. In the experiments reported here we found that, unlike CAR, DAF was present on the apical surface of polarized cells and that DAF-binding isolates of CB3 and CB5 infected polarized epithelial cells more efficiently than did isolates incapable of attaching to DAF. Virus attachment and subsequent infection of polarized cells by DAF-binding isolates were prevented in the presence of anti-DAF antibody. Serial passage on polarized cell monolayers selected for DAF-binding virus variants. Taken together, these results indicate that interaction with DAF on the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells facilitates infection by a subset of CB virus isolates. The results suggest a possible role for DAF in infection of epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces.
Evaluation of Poultry Manure as a Feed Ingredient

Dehydrated poultry manure contains about 10% true protein, which may contribute significant amounts of essential amino acids and a significant level of phosphorus in formulated feeds. The calcium c...
Gain optimization with non‐linear controls

An algorithm has been developed for the analysis and design of controls for non-linear systems. The technical approach is to use statistical linearization to model the non-linear dynamics of a system by a quasi-Gaussian model. A covariance analysis is performed to determine the behaviour of the dynamical system and a quadratic cost function. Expressions for the cost function and its derivatives are determined so that numerical optimization techniques can be applied to determine optimal feedback laws. The primary application for this paper is centred about the design of controls for nominally linear systems but where the controls are saturated or limited by fixed constraints. The analysis is general, however, and numerical computation requires only that the specific non-linearity be considered in the analysis.
Con: are we ready to translate Alzheimer’s disease-modifying therapies to people with down syndrome?

Background Adults with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology in an age-dependent manner. This unique feature provides an opportunity to test interventions targeted for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology and dementia in Down syndrome.
Effects of fatigue on infant emotional reactivity and regulation

Le but de cette etude etait d'examiner la reactivite emotionnelle de bebes de 14-16 mois et l'utilisation de strategies de comportement pour amenager le chagrin et la douleur durant des etats de fatigue et d'eveil alerte. Vingt bebes ont ete testes a un moment ou leur mere s'attendaient a ce qu'ils soient eveilles et alertes, et vingt bebes ont ete testes au moment ou leur sieste du matin ou de l'apres-midi commencaient habituellement. On a observe les bebes reagissant a cinq episodes moderement stressants au domicile familial. Compares aux bebes alertes, les bebes fatigues etaient plus affliges par la separation d'avec leur mere et par le fait de ne pas etre autorises a toucher ou a avoir un jouet favori. Les bebes fatigues ont aussi fait etat de moins de comportements regulatories murs et de plus de comportements regulatoires non-murs pendant ces episodes. Les experiences des bebes avec un mode de soin nonparental etaient aussi liees a leur reactivite emotionnelle. Nous discutons finalement la pertinence de ces resultats pour les parents et les chercheurs, ainsi que les benefices pour les bebes qu'il y a a apprendre a faire face au stress lorsqu'ils sont fatigues.
A meta-analysis of prospective trials comparing percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients.

Study objectives Tracheostomy is one of the mostcommonly performed procedures in the patient receiving long-termmechanical ventilation. While percutaneous dilational tracheostomy(PDT) is becoming increasingly utilized as an alternative toconventional surgical tracheostomy, most literature evaluating thesetwo techniques is neither prospective nor controlled. We performed ameta-analysis of available prospective controlled studies comparing PDTand surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients to more fullyunderstand the relative benefits and risks of these two procedures inthis population. Design Meta-analysis usingMantel-Haenszel fixed effect model. Interventions Weperformed searches of MEDLINE, Current Contents, Best Evidence,Cochrane, and HealthSTAR databases from 1985 to present to identifyprospective controlled studies comparing PDT and surgical tracheostomyin critically ill patients. After establishing clinical and statisticalhomogeneity ( Q statistic), studies were analyzed by aMantel-Haenszel fixed effect model. For each clinical end pointexamined, PDT and surgical tracheostomy were compared by calculatingeither absolute differences or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) for continuous or discrete variables,respectively. Measurements and results We pooled datafrom five studies (236 patients) satisfying our search criteria toanalyze eight clinical end points. Operative time was shorter for PDTthan surgical tracheostomy: absolute difference with 95% CI, 9.84 min(7.83 to 10.85 min). There was no difference comparing PDT and surgicaltracheostomy with respect to overall operative complication rates: ORwith 95% CI, 0.732 (0.05 to 9.37). However, relative to surgicaltracheostomy, PDT was associated with less perioperative bleeding (ORwith 95% CI, 0.14 [0.02 to 0.39]), a lower overall postoperativecomplication rate (OR with 95% CI, 0.14 [0.07 to 0.29]), as well asa lower postoperative incidence of bleeding (OR with 95% CI, 0.39[0.17 to 0.88]), and stomal infection (OR with 95% CI, 0.02 [0.01to 0.07]). No difference was identified in days intubated prior totracheostomy (absolute difference with 95% CI, 0.16 days [− 0.9 to1.22 days]), overall procedure-related complications (OR with 95% CI,0.73 [0.06 to 9.37]), or death (OR with 95% CI, 0.63 [0.18 to2.20]) comparing these two techniques. Conclusions Despite its popularity, there arecurrently only a limited number of small studies prospectivelyevaluating PDT and surgical tracheostomy. Our meta-analysis of thesestudies suggests potential advantages of PDT relative to surgicaltracheostomy, including ease of performance, and lower incidence ofperistomal bleeding and postoperative infection. If confirmed byadditional, adequately powered prospective trials, these findingssupport PDT as the procedure of choice for the establishment ofelective tracheostomy in the appropriately selected critically illpatient.
Slow cortical potential consequences of electroconvulsive shock in rats

Abstract Slow potential (SP) changes were recorded from the dura of rats following the administration of transpinnate or transcortical electroconvulsive shock (ECS). A relatively brief negative wave of several mV was followed by a prolonged positive SP shift when seizures were induced. Several quantitative characteristics of the pattern of shifts could be related to the intensity of the ECS even at suprathreshold levels for induction of a full behavioral convulsion. Low intensity ECS sometimes resulted in spreading depression waves without a behavioral convulsion. It was conjectured that the pattern of shifts might be related to the severity of retrograde amnesia reported by others to be induced by ECS.
Perfect relay lens at microwave frequencies based on flattening a Maxwell lens

We consider the design and implementation of a two-dimensional metamaterial relay lens, conceptually formed by flattening a Maxwell fisheye lens—a perfect imaging device—through the use of a coordinate transformation. Because Maxwell’s equations are form-invariant under coordinate transformations, the specifications for the constitutive parameters of the device are obtained immediately in a procedure that has now become known as transformation optics. To obtain a more favorable implementation of the lens, we seek a quasi-conformal transformation optics transformation that minimizes the required anisotropy, such that the resulting lens can be formed using isotropic, dielectric-only media. We demonstrate a flattened Maxwell lens at microwave frequencies using a nonresonant metamaterial and confirm its focusing and broad bandwidth behavior. Such planar, dielectric-only structures can be readily implemented in infrared and optical waveguides.
Polymorphisms in oxidative stress genes and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Evidence supporting the contribution of oxidative stress to key pathways in cancer, such as inflammation and DNA damage, continues to mount. We investigated variations within genes mediating oxidative stress to determine whether they alter risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 10 oxidative stress genes (AKR1A1, AKR1C1, CYBA, GPX, MPO, NOS2A, NOS3, OGG1, PPARG and SOD2) were genotyped in 1172 NHL cases and 982 population-based controls from a USA multicenter case-control study. For NHL and five subtypes (diffuse large B-cell, follicular, marginal zone, small lymphocytic and T-cell), SNP associations were calculated. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for sex, age (<45, 45-64, 65+ years), race (white, black, other) and study site. Overall, the oxidative stress pathway was associated significantly with the B-cell NHL subtype, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (global P-value=0.003). Specifically, for nitric oxide synthase (NOS2A Ser608Leu, rs2297518) Leu/Leu homozygotes, there was a 2-fold risk increase for NHL (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1-4.4) (referent=Ser/Ser and Ser/Leu). This risk increase was consistent by cell lineage (B- and T-cell NHL) and pronounced for the two most common subtypes, diffuse large B-cell (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.5-7.8) and follicular lymphoma (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.0-6.8). In an analysis of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 Val16Ala, rs1799725) Ala/Ala homozygotes, we observed moderately increased risks for B-cell lymphomas (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0-1.6; referent=Val/Val and Val/Ala) that was consistent across the B-cell subtypes. Genetic variations that result in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species appear to increase risk for NHL and its major subtypes, particularly DLBCL. Independent replication of our findings are warranted and further evaluation of oxidative stress in the context of inflammation, DNA repair and the induction of the NF-kappaB pathway may further reveal important clues for lymphomagenesis.
The fable of land reform: : Leases and credit markets in occupied Japan

Development officials and scholars routinely argue that land reform can raise productivity. It may not always do so, they write, but it can—and during 1947–1950 in Japan it did. Land reform may sometimes raise productivity, but it did not raise it in Japan. The claim that it did is a fable, a tale people tell and re-tell only because they wish it were true. A lease is a credit transaction—a way for local elites (tied to local information networks in ways that banks can never be) to extend funds to farmers. Elites could lend money directly, but would need to create a security interest to protect their loans. Doing so requires legal procedures, however, and most local elites in prewar Japan lacked the university education necessary to manipulate those procedures. By contrast, a lease lets local elites protect their funds simply by retaining the right to evict tenants who fail to pay. As such, it represents a way for investors and farmers jointly to economize on credit market costs. The Japanese land reform program effectively banned this transaction-cost economizing credit-market strategy, expropriated the wealth of the investors who used it—and cut the rate of growth in agricultural productivity
Identification of Two Glucuronide Metabolites of Doxylamine via Thermospray/Mass Spectrometry and Thermospray/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of a high-pressure liquid chromatography fraction containing two urinary glucuronlde metabolltes of doxylamlne by thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP/MS) provided [MH] + ions for each metabollte. TSP/MS/MS of the [MH]* ions provided a fragment Ion characteristic of these metsbolltes. The results demonstrate the utility of TSP/MS analysis for biologically derived glucuronlde metabolites.
Electrosorption and catalytic properties of bare and Pt modified single crystal and nanostructured Ru surfaces

The electrosorption and catalytic properties of bare and Pt modified Ru(0001) and Ru(10 − 10) single crystal surfaces and carbon supported Ru nanoparticles have been studied by electrochemical, surface X-ray scattering, scanning tunneling microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical surface oxidation of Ru(0001) in H2SO4 is an one-electron process resulting in 1 monolayer oxygen uptake and the increased spacing between the top two Ru layers from 2.13 A at 0.1 V to 2.20 A at 1.0 V. About 1/3 monolayer of bisulfate anions are coadsorbed with hydronium cations at low potentials. In HClO4 solution, the adsorption process at 0.1 V is due to the surface oxidation apparently to RuOH rather than to hydrogen adsorption. The oxidation of Ru(10 − 10) is quite facile and a progressive growth of the oxide layer is observed in repeated potential cycles. Spontaneous deposition of a submonolayer-tomultilayer of Pt on metallic Ru surfaces is a new phenomenon involving a noble metal deposition on a noble metal substrate through a local cell mechanism. The electrocatalysts prepared by spontaneous deposition of Pt on Ru nanoparticles have high activity and high CO tolerance exceeding those of the state-of-the-art commercial catalysts containing several times higher Pt loadings. Electronic effects appear to play a role in providing enhanced CO tolerance of Pt submonolayers on Ru nanoparticles. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The impact of agricultural intensification and irrigation on land-atmosphere interactions and Indian monsoon precipitation — A mesoscale modeling perspective

article i nfo Article history: Accepted 8 February 2008 Available online xxxx Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) we show that agricultural intensification and irrigation can modify the surface moisture and energy distribution, which alters the boundary layer and regional convergence, mesoscale convection, and precipitation patterns over the Indian monsoon region. Four experiments were conducted to simulate a rain event from 16 to 20 July 2002 over the Indian region: (i) a control with Global Land Cover land use and observed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, (ii) an irrigated crop scenario, (iii) a non-irrigated crop scenario, and (iv) a scenario for potential (natural) vegetation. Results indicate that even under active monsoon conditions, the simulated surface energy and moisture flux over the Indian monsoon region are sensitive to the irrigation intensity and this effect is more pronounced than the impact of land use change from the potential vegetation to the agricultural landscape. When model outputs were averaged over the south Asia model domain, a statistically significant decrease in mean sensible heat flux between the potential vegetation and the irrigated agriculture scenarios of 11.7 Wm −2
Does ADHD Predict Substance-Use Disorders? A 10-Year Follow-up Study of Young Adults with ADHD.

Objective High rates of substance-use disorders (SUD) have been found in samples of adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Predictors of SUD in children with ADHD who are at risk for the development of SUDs remain understudied. The main aims of this study were to identify clinically meaningful characteristics of children that predicted the future development of SUDs and to see whether the role of these characteristics varied by sex. Method Subjects were children and adolescents with (n = 268; mean age ± standard deviation=10.9 ± 3.2 years) and without (n = 229; mean age 11.9 ± 3.3 years) DSM-III-R ADHD followed prospectively and blindly over a 10-year follow-up period onto young adult years. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews for psychopathology and SUDs. Results Over the 10-year follow-up period, ADHD was found to be a significant predictor of any SUD (hazards ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.02; p = .01) and cigarette smoking (2.38; 1.61–3.53; p p p p > .05 for all comparisons). Conclusions These results indicate that ADHD is a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and cigarette smoking in both sexes.
Big Data and the Ag Sector: More than Lots of Numbers

It seems that one can’t go through a work day without seeing some mention of Big Data, its application and its potential to have unprecedented impact. The potential for Big Data application in the agricultural sector is examined. The role of analytics and the variety and velocity characteristics of Big Data as they can apply to the sector are stressed. Integration of data and analysis across business and government entities will be needed for successful implementation. The eventual impact of Big Data within the agricultural sector likely will require both organizational and technological innovation.
Happy patrons make better tippers: creating a robot waiter using Perseus and the Animate Agent architecture

As autonomous robots become increasingly adept at performing simple tasks like moving from place to place and picking up and delivering objects, it is becoming apparent that an important area of robotic research is that of developing natural interfaces for controlling them. In the context of building a robot "waiter", the authors demonstrate the use of the Perseus architecture for gesture recognition, teamed with the Animate Agent architecture for tightly coupled perception and action. Of particular significance is the ease of implementing this task utilizing the architectures and routines they have already created for other tasks.
Local shape association based retrieval of infrared satellite images

This paper presents a shape-based retrieval system and its application to infrared satellite images. A complete system is presented, from region extraction of a full hemisphere scan to the actual retrieval mechanism. After region extraction, polygonal approximation is applied to the region shape, and local features of the polygons are hashed to provide an association space. This space becomes the indexing structure through which retrieval takes place. Although the indexing stage, containing region extraction and polygonal approximation, is slow, the actual retrieval is very fast. On average, retrieval of a query shape from a database of 1965 shapes takes 0.7 seconds for the more reduced representation, and 2.8 seconds for the less reduced representation consisting of 1914 shapes. The overall design is good for a moderately sized database, and extensions could be made to apply the method to a massive database. The results show that the approach performs well, and that there is a substantial speed benefit for using the local association hashing method.
Approaching Supervision from a Developmental Perspective: The Counselor Complexity Model.

This article presents a developmental model of counselor supervision that conceptualizes the training process as a sequence of identifiable stages through which the trainee progresses. The progress of the supervisee is described from the entry level counselor through the advanced master counselor stage. Characteristics of supervisees at each of the four levels of the model are discussed as well as the appropriate supervision environments that encourage development to the next highest level. The supervisor skills of discrimination and the creating of environments are discussed in relation to the characteristics of supervisees and the appropriate environments for the supervision process. Suggestions are offered for future directions of supervision research. Counselor training lacks a systematic de
Children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS: A review

Worldwide, more than one million children are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in the United States it has become the sixth leading cause of death among 15–24-year-olds. Despite the trend of increasing rates of infection, advances in therapies have led to survival past 5 years of age for more than 65% of infected children. This global health threat will therefore continue to have a significant impact on child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology. This paper reviews current studies and reports on the consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in the psychiatric care and development of children and adolescents infected by HIV. From a search of all the English-language-based literature on pediatric AIDS, 140 studies are reviewed which address HIV infection and its psychological and social implications. Several topics of mental health significance are examined: (1) the epidemiology of HIV, (2) neurocognitive development among those infected, (3) psychological impact of infection, and (4) the family and social context of HIV. The transition of HIV from an acute, lethal disease to a subacute, chronic disease has enormous implications for the neurocognitive and psychosocial development of children and families. As children and adolescents infected with HIV continue to live longer, normal developmental milestones and educational needs will take on new significance. Many children will continue to be adversely impacted by non-HIV factors such as poverty, inadequate medical services, and a lack of social support. This review outlines recent developments that hold promise to effectively reduce the treatment burden on the infected, their families, and health care providers and to decrease the incidence of transmission to the uninfected.
The Heat Transmission of Fabrics in Wind: Part II

The thermal transmission of various combinations of fabrics was measured on the hot plate in winds around 17 m.p.h. under conditions simulating to some extent those often present when outdoor cloth...
Factors Influencing the Mechanical Strength of Cellulose Insulation

CELLULOSE insulation, like mineral oil with which it is usually associated in high-voltage electrical apparatus, is subject to deterioration in an increasing degree as the temperature of exposure is raised. This deterioration is a manifestation of the chemical instability of the cellulose. For a proper understanding of this change, it must be recognized that the fundamental chemical reactions involved are of two types. There are those changes which result from the oxidation of the cellulose and those which arise from the decomposition of its molecule. These changes are invariably intermingled in the normal commercial use of cellulose dielectric materials. To prevent dangerous deterioration and to secure the maximum service life of cellulose insulation, the effect produced by each type of reaction, the probability of its occurrence, and the means for its control must be carefully evaluated. Summary 1. Cellulose insulation will deteriorate in mechanical strength at a rate which increases with the increasing temperature of exposure. Deterioration will occur in the absence of an oxidizing atmosphere. 2. The rate of cellulose deterioration at a fixed temperature varies as the heat treatment is continued. 3. The mechanical deterioration of cellulose insulation at elevated temperature is the result of oxidation and pyrochemical decomposition. 4. When heated, cellulose passes through a “stable period” during which the mechanical properties are maintained. The presence of oxygen is chiefly effective in reducing the duration of this “stable period.” 5. The single effect of oxidation is restricted to the initial periods of treatment at temperatures lower than approximately 120 degrees centigrade. At higher temperatures, pyrochemical decomposition occurs. Even in the most favored temperature range, the effect of cellulose oxidation merges into the effects produced by pyrochemical decomposition as the deterioration progresses. 6. Heated under conditions which favor oxidation or pyrochemical change, the un-impregnated cellulose insulation deteriorates more rapidly than the same insulation after oil treatment and immersion. 7. The effect of oxidation is accelerated when pure oxygen gas is in contact with the insulation. No substantial difference in the rate of mechanical deterioration is observed when the oil-treat ed and oil-immersed insulation is aged in contact with nitrogen gas as compared to aging in contact with air.
A multistep, ATP-dependent pathway for assembly of human immunodeficiency virus capsids in a cell-free system.

To understand the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) capsids are formed, we have reconstituted the assembly of immature HIV capsids de novo in a cell-free system. Capsid authenticity is established by multiple biochemical and morphologic criteria. Known features of the assembly process are closely reproduced, indicating the fidelity of the cell-free reaction. Assembly is separated into co- and posttranslational phases, and three independent posttranslational requirements are demonstrated: ( a ) ATP, ( b ) a detergent-sensitive host factor, and ( c ) a detergent-insensitive host subcellular fraction that can be depleted and reconstituted. Assembly appears to proceed by way of multiple intermediates whose conversion to completed capsids can be blocked by either ATP depletion or treatment with nondenaturing detergent. Specific subsets of these intermediates accumulate upon expression of various assembly-defective Gag mutants in the cell-free system, suggesting that each mutant is blocked at a particular step in assembly. Furthermore, the accumulation of complexes of similar sizes in cells expressing the corresponding mutants suggests that comparable intermediates may exist in vivo. From these data, we propose a multi-step pathway for the biogenesis of HIV capsids, in which the assembly process can be disrupted at a number of discrete points.
Covalent cross-linking of growth hormone-releasing factor to pituitary receptors.

We have used a bifunctional cross-linker, disuccinimidyl suberate, to covalently attach [125I]human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (GHRF) (-1-40)OH to bovine pituitary membranes and rat anterior pituitary cells. Covalently radiolabeled membrane and cell preparations were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions. In the former case, we observed the specific labeling of a polypeptide with an apparent mol wt of 75,000 ± 3,000. The labeling of this species was specific for GHRF, as evidenced by the fact that it was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion with increasing concentration of unlabeled GHRF. Furthermore, the radiolabeling was inhibited in the presence of excess unlabeled GHRF analogs but not unrelated peptides such as insulin and rat GH. The size of the radiolabeled band was the same in both bovine pituitary membranes and rat anterior pituitary cells. The extent of radiolabeling was dependent on the amount of membrane or the numbe...
GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE LIGHT OF RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE

Since the gene splicing debates of the 1980s, the public has been exposed to an ongoing sequence of genetic and reproduc- tive technologies. Many issue areas have outcomes that lose track of people's inner values or engender opposing religious viewpoints defy- ing final resolution. This essay relocates the discussion of what is an acceptable application from the individual to the societal level, ex- amining technologies that stand to address large numbers of people and thus call for policy resolution, rather than individual fiat, in their application. A major source of guidance is the "Genetic Frontiers" series of professional dialogues and conferences held by the National Conference for Community and Justice from 2002 to 2004. Ge- netic testing, human gene therapy, genetic engineering of plants and animals, and stem cell technology are examined. While differences in perspective on the beginning of life persist, a stepwise approach to the examination of genetic testing reveals areas of general agreement. Stewardship of life, human co-creativity with the divine, and social justice help define the bounds of application of genetic engineering and therapy; compassionate care plays a major role in establishing stem cell policy. Active, sustained dialogue is a useful resource for enabling sharing of religious values and crystallization of policies.
SELF‐OBJECTIFICATION, RISK TAKING, AND SELF‐HARM IN COLLEGE WOMEN

Objectification theory proposes that the objectification of women's bodies causes women to self-objectify, adopting an outsider's view of themselves. Engaging in a high amount of self-objectification is thought to place women at increased risk for mental health problems such as body dissatisfaction and depression. It was hypothesized that self-objectification would contribute to negative body regard and depression, which would increase participation in risk-taking and self-harmful behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model of risk for self-harm based upon objectification theory in a sample of 391 college women. Results indicate that the model provided a good fit to the data, but only the paths from self-objectification to negative body regard, negative body regard to depression, and depression to self-harm were significant. Implications of these findings for objectification theory and our understanding of self-harm in women are discussed.
Effectiveness of fludrocortisone and salt in preventing syncope recurrence in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

Objectives We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of salt and fludrocortisone versus placebo in the prevention of syncope recurrence in children. Background Intravascular volume expansion with fludrocortisone and salt has been reported to be effective in the treatment of syncope in children. However, no pediatric placebo-controlled data are available on the effectiveness of this mode of therapy. Methods Thirty-three children with syncope or severe presyncope were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive either fludrocortisone 0.1 mg/day and salt 1 g/day or placebo two capsules per day for one year. All children had a positive tilt test before enrollment. Results Thirty-two children (20 female) had follow-up. Their age was (mean ± SD) 13.9 ± 2.5 years. The number of syncopal episodes before therapy was 4.4 ± 4.8. Therapy was continued for 176 ± 117 days, and follow-up including time after discontinuation of medications was 1.2 ± 0.8 years. The demographics were similar in the 18 children treated with fludrocortisone and salt compared with the 14 children on placebo. Data for up to one year of randomization were included in analyses. Symptoms recurred in 10 of 18 children on fludrocortisone and salt and in 5 of 14 children on placebo (p Conclusions These data, coupled with the reported comparable effect of many medications used in the treatment of syncope, raise the potential of a significant placebo effect with pharmacologic therapy.
A technique which combines modified pattern search methods with composite designs and polynomial constraints to solve constrained optimization problems

This paper presents a method of selecting design parameters which optimizes a specific measure (aircraft design example: minimum weight, maximum mission effectiveness) and guarantees designated levels of response in specified areas (such as combal ceiling, acceleration time). The method employs direct search optimization applied to a nonlinear functional constrained by nonlinear surfaces. The composite design technique is combined with regression methods to determine adequate surface representations with a minimum of required data points. A sensitivity analysis is conducted at the optimum set of design parameters to test for uniqueness.
Short stems for total hip arthroplasty: Initial experience with the Fitmore™ stem

The use of short stems has become more popular with the increased interest in less invasive approaches for total hip arthroplasty. The curved broaches and stem can be inserted along a curved track to avoid the abductor attachments. Short stems have the potential of being more bone conserving by allowing for higher neck retention, maintenance of the medial greater trochanter, and preferential stress transfer to the proximal femur. An initial experience with 500 new short stems (Fitmore, Zimmer Orthopedics) stems used for total hip arthroplasty is reported. No stems have been revised for aseptic loosening.
What Can DC Polarography Offer Today

Advantages of uses of DC polarography in determination of inorganic and organic species (such as speed of analyzes, highly reproducible and reliable results, good theoretical background, establishment of the degree of conjugation in organic species, possibility to determine the oxidation states in metal ions, lower costs, no use of organic solvents, wide range of heavy metal ions and of reducible organic compounds that can be determined) as well as limitations (lack of qualified supervising personnel, fewer species undergoing oxidations) are stated. Examples of recent successful applications are given: (1) analyses of drugs containing a single physiologically active and electroactive species; (2) investigations in non-homogeneous systems, such as of binding of heavy metal ions, N-nitrosamines and various pesticides in suspensions of lignin; or of formation of slightly soluble small aggregates and well soluble large aggregates in interactions of heavy metal ions with bile salts; (3) determination of equilibrium and rate constants for equilibria occurring in the bulk of the solution and of rate constants of establishment of acid-base and hydration dehydration equilibria that are perturbed by electrolysis in the vicinity of the electrode. It is possible to follow this type of fast reactions, with rate constants in the range between 1 x 10 4 L mol -1 s -1 and 1 x 1010 L mol -1 s -1 .
Pricing and University Autonomy: Tuition Deregulation in Texas

This paper investigates changes in tuition policies in the wake of tuition deregulation in Texas, which in 2003 transferred tuition-setting authority from the state legislature to institutions. We find that price increases accelerated, particularly at the most selective institutions. Institutions also began differentiating price by undergraduate program, raising relative prices for the most costly and lucrative majors, including engineering, business, nursing, and architecture. Price increases were particularly large for institutions with the highest initial costs and for programs with a high earnings premium within institutions, though lower for institutions with more low-income students. These distinctions suggest that public postsecondary institutions respond to microeconomic incentives when given greater autonomy to set price, and take some measures to alleviate impacts on low-income students. The Texas experience suggests that decentralized price-setting generates greater price differentiation within the public higher education system, both across and within institutions.
RESEARCH OF THE HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY REEF ASSOCIATION IN CHANGXING FORMATION OF PERMIAN,EAST SICHUAN

The high resolution sequence stratigrphy is a new development trend in sequence stratigraphy research.It is important in the exploration and development of oil gas because it improved the resolution of sequence stratigraphy analysis and the prediction of reservoir.In this paper,the high resolution sequence stratigraphy was applied to reef association of Changxing Formation of Permian,in the east of Sichuan.The data of core were used to classify the base level short term cycle,and the demarcation of ore was used to establish the response relation of base level logging and the short term,mid term and long term base level cycles.Accordingly,the principle of base level cycle was applied to the correlation analysis of high resoltuion sequnce stratigraphy of the reef association of the Changxing Formation and to the establishment of high resolutionsequence stratigraphy framework.
Garfinkel, Harold (1917–2011)

Harold Garfinkel made fundamental contributions to twentieth-century sociology and beyond. He created a new and unique field of inquiry, ‘ethnomethodology,’ to study the everyday methods of practical action and practical reasoning used by members of society to make sense and produce order in their daily lives. Garfinkel and his students dissolved the supposed chasm between common sense and scientific/professional reasoning, unpacked the taken-for-granted existence of society, developed detailed descriptions of commonplace and specialized organizations of practice, and specified how society members assemble and sustain the sense that they live, act, and mean in a shared orderly world.
Sensible Initialization of a Computational Evolution System Using Expert Knowledge for Epistasis Analysis in Human Genetics

High throughput sequencing technologies now routinely measure over one million DNA sequence variations on the human genome. Analyses of these data have demonstrated that single sequence variants predictive of common human disease are rare. Instead, disease risk is thought to be the result of a confluence of many genes acting in concert, often with no statistically significant individual effects. The detection and characterization of such gene-gene interactions that predispose for human disease is a computationally daunting task, since the search space grows exponentially with the number of measured genetic variations. Traditional artificial evolution methods have offered some promise in this problem domain, but they are plagued by the lack of marginal effects of individual sequence variants. To address this problem, we have developed a computational evolution system that allows for the evolution of solutions and solution operators of arbitrary complexity. In this study, we incorporate a linkage learning technique into the population initialization method of the computational evolution system and investigate its influence on the ability to detect and characterize gene-gene interactions in synthetic data sets. These data sets are generated to exhibit characteristics of real genomewide association studies for purely epistatic diseases with various heritabilities. Our results demonstrate that incorporating linkage learning in population initialization via expert knowledge sources improves classification accuracy, enhancing our ability to automate the discovery and characterization of the genetic causes of common human diseases.
Abstract P86: Predicting Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Using Systemic Arterial Pressure (SPAP)

Background: The assessment of pulmonary pressure is elementary in the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Presently, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) can be reliably estimated using non-invasive means, but mean pulmonary pressure (MPAP) cannot be derived. The aim of this study was to derive a formula to non-invasively predict MPAP from PASP. Methods: Invasive hemodynamic pressures at steady state were examined in 198 consecutive patients who underwent right heart catheterization in the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). Simple regression techniques were used to determine the relationship between MPAP and PASP separately for derivation and validation samples. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to examine predicted vs. observed MPAP values. Results: Over a wide range of MPAP (10 to 80 mmHg), MPAP and SPAP were strongly related (r2=0.89, n=198). The relation of MPAP to PASP in the derivation sample (n=100; MPAP=0.6133*SPAP + 1.1; r2=0.90) was validated in the test sample with an r2 value of 0.91 for predicted versus observed MPAP (p=x). The relation of predicted vs. observed MPAP values was significant across different degrees of pressure elevation, as well as different etiologies of pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: MPAP can be accurately predicted from SPAP over a wide pressure range and among different etiologies for pulmonary hypertension. This relation may help to define MPAP non-invasively and assist in the clinical management of patients with pulmonary hypertension. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Acousto-Optically Tuned CW Cr:ZnS Mid-IR Laser

We report on CW Cr:ZnS laser electronically tuned with acousto-optic tellurium dioxide filter operating with 20-30 GHz drive frequencies. The tuning range was over 1.9-2.8 mm with slope efficiency >40% and oscillation linewidth <1 nm.
Three-Dimensional Printed Fish Graders: A Tool to Rapidly and Reliably Size Select Zebrafish.

Abstract Research into adult zebrafish often requires fish to be of a specific size. Currently, fish must be individually measured to achieve this goal. Here, we design and utilize fish graders to quickly sort fish by width. We characterize graders individually for the length of fish they discriminate between and we also analyze graders in pairs to define the range of lengths for a retained population of fish. We note that a 1 mm increase of fish width increases fish length by 6.2–7.2 mm. We provide the schematics to print a series of eight retention widths, and note that graders of any desired retention width can easily be printed by slightly modifying our design files.
Deficiencies in current childhood immunization indicators

Objective To investigate "up-to-date" and "age-appropriate" indicators of preschool vaccination status and their implications for vaccination policy. Methods The authors analyzed medical records data from the Baltimore Immunization Study for 525 2-year-olds born from August 1988 through March 1989 to mothers living in low-income Census tracts of the city of Baltimore. Results While only 54% of 24-month-old children were up-to-date for the primary series, indicators of up-to-date coverage were consistently higher, by 37 or more percentage points, than corresponding age-appropriate indicators. Almost 80% of children who failed to receive the first dose of DTP or OPV age-appropriately failed to be up-to-date by 24 months of age for the primary series. Conclusions Age-appropriate immunization indicators more accurately reflect adequacy of protection for preschoolers than up-to-date indicators at both the individual and population levels. Age-appropriate receipt of the first dose of DTP should be monitored to identify children likely to be underimmunized. Age-appropriate indicators should also be incorporated as vaccination coverage estimators in population-based surveys and as quality of care indicators for managed care organizations. These changes would require accurate dates for each vaccination and support the need to develop population-based registries.
A precisely-timed energy injection technique achieving 58/10/2μs start-up in 1.84/10/50MHz crystal oscillators

A fast start-up crystal oscillator using a precisely-timed energy injection technique is proposed. The prototype TSMC 65nm CMOS IC includes three different crystal oscillators, targeting 1.84MHz, 10MHz, and 50MHz frequencies with measured start-up times of 58μs, 10μs, and 2μs while consuming 6.7μW, 45.5μW, and 195μW respectively. This corresponds to 15× faster start-up over prior art. For each oscillator, two crystals with different package sizes and quality factors were tested to verify the technique's robustness over crystal's parameters and frequency variations.
Whose America? Decolonial Translation by Frederick Douglass and Caetano Veloso

Colonial domination entails a struggle over interpretation. The colonizers establish whose version of reality will be codified and become the dominant one. Breaking with that dominant, authorized account implies a struggle against hegemony. Translators have always played key roles in colonization as agents of the colonizer. Subaltern translators and interpreters have often served in this role. But they often contest dominant meanings. They subvert dominant meanings as they transform them across the colonial divide. Theorizing translation practices from that point of colonial conjunction or contact, this essay adduces two examples to see how a decolonial methodology to study translation and power can shed light on how, in the hands of an astute translator, a translation can offer a counter-narrative that deconstructs colonial systems of meaning. The two examples: Frederick Douglass’ intralingual translation of the meaning of the Fourth of July (1852) and singer Caetano Veloso’s recording of Augusto de Campos’ translation (1979) of John Donne’s “Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going To Bed” (1654). Three interconnected characteristics make the translations decolonial. (1) They are abusive (Lewis, 2000; Venuti, 2013). (2) The target language or culture is an imagined world, better and more just than the world we live in now (Santos, 2014). (3) They are performatives insofar as they begin to bring that imagined world into existence through performing the translation (Austin, 1975). As a deconstructive embrace, this kind of translation draws attention to the colonial legacy and to the colonial context, and also to itself—that is, to its own selective appropriation (Spivak, 1995, p. 31).
Association of Total Fluid Intake and Output with Duration of Hospital Stay in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis.

Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of fluid balance with outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods. This was a retrospective study of patients hospitalized between May 2008 and June 2016 with AP and a clinical order for strict recording of intake and output. Data collected included various types of fluid intake and output at 24 and 48 hours after admission. The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS). Analysis was performed using single-variable and multivariable negative binomial regression models. Results. Of 1256 patients hospitalized for AP during the study period, only 71 patients (5.6%) had a clinical order for strict recording of intake and output. Increased urine output was associated with a decreased LOS at 24 and 48 hours in univariable analysis. An increasingly positive fluid balance (total intake minus urine output) at 24 hours was associated with a longer LOS in multivariable analysis. Conclusions. Few patients hospitalized for AP had a documented order for strict monitoring of fluid intake and output, despite the importance of monitoring fluid balance in these patients. Our study suggests an association between urine output and fluid balance with LOS in AP.
Inductive pathways leading to rat tear IgA antibody responses.

PURPOSE. To define the inductive pathways leading to rat tear IgA antibody responses. METHODS. Fluoresceinated dinitrophernylated bovine serum albumin was encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles and was administered by intranasal, ocular topical, or gastrointestinal routes. Histologic methods were used to determine the microparticles' ability, to access tissues associated with mucosal inductive pathways. Rats were immunized with microencapsulated antigen by intranasal or ocular topical routes. Tear IgA and serum IgG antibody concentrations were assessed by radioimmunoassay. The frequency of antibody-secreting cells in tissues, postulated to function in tear IgA induction, was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESUITS. Although uptake of microencapsulated antigen was greatest at the site of delivery, ocular topical administration resulted in antigen uptake in the conjunctiva and in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Intranasal immunization resulted in earlier and significantly higher tear IgA and serum IgG antibody responses and in higher frequencies of antibody-secreting cells in corresponding draining cervical lymph nodes and lacrimal glands than did ocular topical immunization. CONCLUSIONS. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue functions as a primary inductive site for tear IgA antibody responses by contributing triggered IgA-committed B cells to the lacrimal gland.