cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whole Cow Milk Feeding Between 6 and 12 Months of Age? Go Back to 1976

In 1976, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that the non-breast-fed infant receive an iron-fortified proprietary formula during the entire first year of life.1 In 1983, the Committee on Nutrition reversed the previous recommendation and concluded, "If breast-feeding has been completely discontinued and infants are consuming one third of their calories as supplemental foods consisting of a balanced mixture of cereal, vegetables, fruits, and other foods, whole cow milk may be introduced."2 The Committee, in their report, acknowledged the fact that "there are many unanswered questions concerning the use of whole cow milk in the second half year of life." I believe that we now have answers to some of these questions and that we should return to the original recommendation discouraging the use of whole cow milk (WCM) until infants have reached their first birthday. Studies performed since the 1983 report have demonstrated that the introduction of WCM prior to the first birthday is associated with an increased risk of occult gastrointestinal bleeding3 and an increased incidence of iron deficiency anemia.4,5 In addition, iron deficiency anemia in infants less than 1 year of age has been shown to be associated with cognitive and psychomotor impairment6-8; such impairment may not be correctable with iron therapy.7-9
The Social Cost of Rent Seeking by Labor Unions in the United States

The conventional welfare loss to trade unions and collective bargaining has been put at some fraction of 1.0 percent. Added to this should be the costs of resources deployed by the parties as they compete for monopoly gains. These additional social costs turn out to be on the same order as the conventional welfare loss. The analysis finds in passing that the investment by union members in paying dues yields very handsome dividends.
The Structure of Global Attractors for Dissipative Zakharov Systems with Forcing on the Torus

The Zakharov system was originally proposed to study the propagation of Langmuir waves in an ionized plasma. In this paper, motivated by the work of the first and third authors in [Anal. Partial Differential Equations, 6 (2013), pp. 723--750], we numerically and analytically investigate the dynamics of the dissipative Zakharov system on the torus in one dimension. We find an interesting family of stable periodic orbits and fixed points and explore bifurcations of those points as we take weaker and weaker dissipation.
Mining Executable Specifications of Web Applications from Selenium IDE Tests

A common practice for system testing of web-based applications is to perform the test cases through a web browser. These tests are often recorded and managed by a record and replay tool, such as Selenium IDE. Mining specifications from such tests can be very useful for understanding, verifying, and debugging the system under test. This paper presents an approach to mining a behavior specification from a Selenium IDE test suite such that (a) it captures the behavior of the tests at a high level of abstraction, (b) the behavior can be simulated, and (c) all the tests are completely reproducible from the specification. We first identify similar test actions through context-sensitive clustering so as to normalize the given Selenium IDE tests. Then, we mine patterns of test actions that represent meaningful functions and transform Selenium IDE tests into abstract tests, which are similar to the tests used in the existing model-mining techniques. From the abstract tests, we synthesize a high-level Petri net that captures both temporal constraints and data values. For evaluation purposes, we applied our approach to eight test suites of two real-world systems, Magento (an online shopping system being used by many live stores) and Amazon. Two of the test suites are for security testing, aiming at SQL injection and XSS vulnerabilities. The result shows that our approach is effective in producing abstract yet executable specifications and reducing the complexity of the models.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF LIGHT STIMULATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES ON FEMALE SPARROWS1

Poultrymen have known for a long time that artificial lengthening of the day during the winter stimulates ovarial development and egg laying. Experimental evidence of induced egg production has been published for the duck by Benoit (1); for the dove by Cole (2) and for pheasants and quail by Bissonnette and Csech (3). There have been no precise data published concerning the response of female passerine birds to light treatment. Rowan (4) finds some follicular development in the ovaries of j uncos. Bissonnette (5) remarks that female starlings respond positively. As yet, however, he has not described clearly the extent of the reaction. Ringoen and Kirschbaum (6), in an abstract, mention that in the sparrow a “significant enlargement of ovary and oviduct” is obtained only after 70 or more days of stimulation (when the experiment is begun in November). Light-induced egg laying out of season has never been reported for any wild passerine bird.
Bearing witness to the ethics of practice: storying physicians' medical mistake narratives.

Medical mistakes are often referred to as the “hidden epidemic” of health because doctors, patients, and hospital administrators remain silent about mistakes. This study relies on in-depth interviews to explore how physicians story their medical mistake experiences. Narrative theory is used to understand how these physicians story the complexity of medical mistakes, highlighting how these physicians bear witness to medical mistakes by sharing and listening to medical mistake narratives. Moreover, this study showcases the implications of how practitioners and scholars bear witness to the oft-times emotional telling and retelling of health narratives.
Abductive Networks For Two-Group Classification: A Comparison With Neural Networks

In this study, a new Artificial Intelligence technique for non-linear mapping called Abductive Networks is used for two-group classification of firms. The results are compared with Neural Networks, another AI technique, which has been shown to perform better than the traditional statistical techniques such as multivariate discriminant analysis and logit. In empirical tests, Abductive Networks perform as well or better than Neural Networks on various criteria of measurement such as Type 1 / Type II accuracy criteria and Distance Between Centroids.
A common factor regulates both Th1- and Th2-specific cytokine gene expression

Murine T helper cell clones are classified into two distinct subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2), on the basis of cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 clones produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), while Th2 clones produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10. These subsets differentially promote delayed-type hypersensitivity or antibody responses, respectively. The nuclear factor NF-AT is induced in Th1 clones stimulated through the T cell receptor-CD3 complex, and is required for IL-2 gene induction. The NF-AT complex consists of two components: NF-ATp, which pre-exists in the cytosol and whose appearance in the nucleus is induced by an increase of intracellular calcium, and a nuclear AP-1 component whose induction is dependent upon activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Here we report that the induction of the Th2-specific IL-4 gene in an activated Th2 clone involves an NF-AT complex that consists only of NF-ATp, and not the AP-1 component. On the basis of binding experiments we show that this 'AP-1-less' NF-AT complex is specific for the IL-4 promoter and does not reflect the inability of activated Th2 cells to induce the AP-1 component. We propose that NF-ATp is a common regulatory factor for both Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes, and that the involvement of PKC-dependent factors, such as AP-1, may help determine Th1-/Th2-specific patterns of gene expression.
Dayak land use systems and indigenous knowledge.

The Dayak are a forest dwelling people of the interior of Borneo who rely on a subsistence base of agricultural products cultivated in shifting cultivation plots and forest gardens. Their indigenous knowledge systems are heavily integrated into their mosaic of land use practices. In the field of development there is now recognition that indigenous knowledge may be the key to sustainability. Concepts long used by indigenous groups have maintained populations for several hundred years and continue to due so successfully in times of rapid change in the world. (authors)
Laser hazard analysis for airborne AURA (Big Sky variant) Proteus platform.

A laser safety and hazard analysis was performed for the airborne AURA (Big Sky Laser Technology) lidar system based on the 2000 version of the American National Standard Institute's (ANSI) Standard Z136.1, for the Safe Use of Lasers and the 2000 version of the ANSI Standard Z136.6, for the Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors. The AURA lidar system is installed in the instrument pod of a Proteus airframe and is used to perform laser interaction experiments and tests at various national test sites. The targets are located at various distances or ranges from the airborne platform. In order to protect personnel, who may be in the target area and may be subjected to exposures, it was necessary to determine the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) for each laser wavelength, calculate the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD), and determine the maximum 'eye-safe' dwell times for various operational altitudes and conditions. It was also necessary to calculate the appropriate minimum Optical Density (ODmin) of the laser safety eyewear used by authorized personnel who may receive hazardous exposures during ground base operations of the airborne AURA laser system (system alignment and calibration).
Grapefruit-derived nanovectors deliver miR-18a for treatment of liver metastasis of colon cancer by induction of M1 macrophages

Liver metastasis accounts for many of the cancer deaths in patients. Effective treatment for metastatic liver tumors is not available. Here, we provide evidence for the role of miR-18a in the induction of liver M1 (F4/80+interferon gamma (IFNγ)+IL-12+) macrophages. We found that miR-18a encapsulated in grapefruit-derived nanovector (GNV) mediated inhibition of liver metastasis that is dependent upon the induction of M1 (F4/80+IFNγ+IL-12+) macrophages; depletion of macrophages eliminated its anti-metastasis effect. Furthermore, the miR-18a mediated induction of macrophage IFNγ by targeting IRF2 is required for subsequent induction of IL-12. IL-12 then activates natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells for inhibition of liver metastasis of colon cancer. This conclusion is supported by the fact that knockout of IFNγ eliminates miR-18a mediated induction of IL-12, miR-18a treatment has an anti-metastatic effects in T cell deficient mice but there is no anti-metastatic effect on NK and NKT deficient mice. Co-delivery of miR-18a and siRNA IL-12 to macrophages did not result in activation of co-cultured NK and NKT cells. Taken together our results indicate that miR-18a can act as an inhibitor for liver metastasis through induction of M1 macrophages.
Interactive Effects of Monensin, Roxarsone, and Copper in Young Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella or a Combination of E. tenella and E. acervulina

Experiments were conducted with crossbred male chicks to evaluate the interactions among roxarsone (50 mg/kg), monensin (121 mg/kg), and copper sulfate (100 mg/kg) as treatments for experimental Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina infections. When diets containing monensin, roxarsone, or a combination of both were offered to chicks for 15 min or 1, 3, 5, or 8 days prior to E. tenella challenge (5 X 10(4) sporulated oocysts), monensin fed for 15 min or roxarsone fed for 1 day prior to challenge prevented morbidity. A mixed infection of E. tenella and E. acervulina (5 X 10(4) and 4 X 10(5) sporulated oocysts, respectively) reduced gain and gain:feed conversion ratios and caused severe duodenal and cecal lesions at Day 6 of the experiment. Infected chicks gained faster when diets were supplemented with either monensin or roxarsone, but monensin produced a larger response than roxarsone. The mixed infection decreased shank pigmentation, with amelioration activity evident from monensin but not from roxarsone. Lesion scores at Day 6 indicated markedly reduced lesions in the duodenum due to monensin but not due to roxarsone; likewise, reductions in cecal lesions occurred in birds fed roxarsone but less so in birds fed monensin. Lesion scores showed little evidence of additivity due to monensin and roxarsone. In general, copper sulfate exerted no independent or interactive effect on any of the parameters evaluated. In a subsequent experiment, the effect of feeding roxarsone in combination with the biological reducing agent, cysteine, was evaluated in E. tenella-infected chicks. Rate and efficiency of gain were improved and lesion scores were reduced by supplementary roxarsone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anisotropy in Atomic-Scale Interface Structure and Mobility in Inas/Ga1_Xinxsb Superlattices

We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy to study the atomic-scale interface structure of InAs/Ga, _In.xSb superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Detailed, quantitative analysis of interface profiles obtained from constant-current images of both (110) and (1ī0) cross-sectional planes of the superlattice indicates that interfaces in the (1ī0) plane exhibit a higher degree of interface roughness than those in the (110) plane, and that the Ga 1-x ln x As interfaces are rougher than the InAs-on-Gal 1-x In x Sb interfaces. The roughness data are consistent with anisotropy in interface structure arising from anisotropic island formation during growth, and in addition with a growth-sequence-dependent interface asymmetry resulting from differences in interfacial bond structure between the superlattice layers. Roughness data are compared with measurements of anisotropy in low-temperature Hall mobilities of the samples.
Bilateral adult epibulbar xanthogranulomas suspicious for Erdheim-Chester disease.

Purpose The aim of this study was to report the clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of bilateral, conjunctival adult-onset xanthogranulomas that raised the prospect of a mild form of Erdheim-Chester disease. Methods This is a case report. Results A 35-year-old white male complaining of ocular irritation, presented with bilateral, nasal and temporal, yellow, elevated conjunctival lumps first noticed 1.5 years back, which were not associated with other ocular findings. The lesions were firm, attached to the underlying episclera, and measured 1.1 × 0.9, 1.1 × 0.8, 1.2 × 0.5, and 0.5 × 0.5 cm in the temporal and nasal right and left eyes, respectively. Each mass was fleshy with vascularity at the peripheral margin. Histopathologic evaluation after excisional biopsy revealed lipidized xanthoma cells, multiple Touton giant cells, and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for adipophilin (lipid), CD68, CD163 histiocytes, CD3 T cells (with CD8 cytotoxic T cells > CD4 T-helper cells), and virtually no CD20 B cells or IgG4 plasma cells. The patient later acquired similar xanthogranulomatous subcutaneous lesions on the extremities. Positron emission tomography scans showed sclerosis in the medullary cavities of the tibia and the radius of both legs and arms, and an absence of retroperitoneal lesions. A normal serum immunoelectrophoresis and the absence of a BRAF gene mutation were demonstrated. Conclusions Adult-onset xanthogranuloma can present as a solitary conjunctival mass without periocular or orbital involvement. The clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic findings in this case are suggestive of Erdheim-Chester disease without displaying any life-threatening lesions to date. Histopathologic and imaging studies can help in obtaining a diagnosis. Ophthalmologists should be aware that xanthogranulomatous conditions may have potential systemic implications, and a thorough systemic evaluation is recommended for lesions that initially seemed to be isolated in nature.
Low-Temperature Reversed-Phase HPLC for Separation of Thermally Labile and Unstable Molecules

Aspects techniques jusqu'aux temperatures cryogeniques. Exemple: separation de dicetonates metalliques
Managing third trimester bleeding.

Placenta praevia and abruptio placentae account for most clinically significant vaginal bleeding during the third trimester of pregnancy. Both are associated with relatively high fetal mortality. Differential diagnosis and immediate treatment are extremely important in minimizing fetal and maternal deaths.
Representing Clifford Algebra into OMDOC semantic format

This paper describes about converting mathematical expressions from the Clifford Algebra textbook into Open Math Document (OMDoc) format. OMDoc is used to define mathematical theorems and semantics of mathematical objects and present the mathematical theorem in XML format over the Internet. OMDoc is an extension of OpenMath standard. The content dictionaries of OMDoc provide semantics to a rich set of mathematical expressions. OMDoc allows defining our own set of content dictionaries and symbols to express any mathematical expressions. Clifford's geometric algebra, one of the mathematical theorems applied in Physics, is defined by a set of axioms that explain the definitions and identities of mathematical properties. In this paper, several mathematical expressions of Geometric Algebra are presented into OMDoc format. This research initiates OMDoc approach in the Physics field and will continue defining symbols that are not yet defined in the content dictionaries of OpenMath in the future.
Electrical testing of rotating machinery insulation

It is not news to you gentlemen that insulation system failures are the greatest cause of breakdowns in electrical apparatus. And as a result they have become an ever-present worry for production people and particularly to the maintenance personnel. In recent years, new interest has been created regarding insulation systems, and there exist pertinent reasons for greater knowledge of insulation and its condition. But—why this new interest in insulation?
Testosterone Replacement-Freedom From Symptoms or Hormonal Shackles?

Abstract Introduction The question of whether to initiate men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and for how long remains a relevant question to be answered. Aim To determine when to start patients on TRT, determine the benefits of TRT, and whether starting patients on TRT condemns them to a lifetime of hormonal replacement. Methods A literature review of relevant publications in PubMed was used. Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures were evidence for initiating TRT, benefits of TRT, pathophysiology of TRT, and evidence for duration of TRT. Results Although the exact threshold of serum testosterone levels that define hypogonadism is still strongly debated, the presence of symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone can be considered to help make the diagnosis. Although the proper duration of TRT has yet to be established, maintenance of symptom improvement after discontinuing TRT has been observed, which is a promising result. Studies also have shown a return to hormonal baseline after discontinuation of TRT. Conclusion It has been established that patients with testosterone deficiency benefit from TRT. Preliminary evidence seems to show that men who are initiated on TRT are not condemned to a lifetime of hormonal therapy, although many men might choose to continue treatment because of improvement in their symptoms.
Using agent based modeling to replicate origins of social complexity: the case of limited evidence in the late longshan cultures and early erlitou culture

Within the archaeological record for Bronze Age Chinese culture, there continues to be a gap in our understanding of the sudden rise of the Erlitou State from the previous late Longshan chiefdoms. In order to examine this period, I develop and use an agent based model (ABM) to explore possible socio-politically relevant hypotheses for the gap between the demise of the late Longshan cultures and rise of the first state level society in East Asia. I test land use strategy making and collective action in response to drought and flooding scenarios, the two plausible environmental hazards at that time. The model results show cases of emergent behavior where an increase in social complexity could have been experienced if a catastrophic event occurred while the population was sufficiently prepared for a different catastrophe, suggesting a plausible lead for future research into determining the life of the time period.
Falls in community-dwelling stroke survivors: an accumulated impairments model.

UNLABELLED Falling has been identified as a major complication in persons who have had a stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of accumulated impairments on the risk of falling in community-dwelling stroke survivors. METHODS Community-dwelling stroke survivors were identified from the Kansas City Stroke Study, a large cohort study of stroke survivors. We evaluated the subjects within 14 days of stroke onset. Impairments were determined at baseline and were defined as motor = Fugl-Meyer lower-limb score > 28, sensory = sensory score on National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale > 0, and visual = hemianopsia score on NIH Stroke Scale > 0. Accumulated impairments were characterized as motor only (n = 101), motor + sensory (n = 88), and motor + sensory + visual (n = 47). The reference group did not possess motor, sensory, or visual impairments. We completed follow-ups at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months poststroke to determine the fall status of the subjects. RESULTS Two hundred eighty subjects were included. Falls were reported by 142 subjects (51%) between 1 month and 6 months poststroke. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk of falling for subjects with motor impairment only was odds ratio (OR) = 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 4.70), motor + sensory impairments OR = 3.1 (95% CI 1.46 to 6.79), and motor + sensory + visual impairments OR = 2.4 (95% CI 1.05 to 5.83) as compared to the group with no motor, sensory, and visual impairments. In multiple logistic regression, the risk of falling increased with motor impairment only and motor + sensory impairments. However, the motor + sensory + visual impairments group had a lower risk of falling. Secondary analysis revealed a significant difference in mobility scores (Orpington Prognostic Scale-balance) among individuals with motor impairment only, motor + sensory impairments, motor + sensory + visual impairments, and the reference group. This lower risk of falling in stroke survivors with motor + sensory + visual impairments may be explained by more involved strokes, more impaired balance, and subsequently less mobility, therefore, lowering their risk of falling. In conclusion, community-dwelling persons who have had a stroke are at a higher risk of falling. However, the risk of falling is not linearly related to the number of impairments. Individuals with motor, sensory, and visual impairments are less mobile and less likely to fall than those individuals with motor deficits only or motor and sensory deficits.
Palmitate- and C6 ceramide-induced Tnnt3 pre-mRNA alternative splicing occurs in a PP2A dependent manner.

In a previous study, we showed that consumption of diets enriched in saturated fatty acids causes changes in alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs encoding a number of proteins in rat skeletal muscle, including the one encoding skeletal muscle Troponin T (Tnnt3). However, whether saturated fatty acids act directly on muscle cells to modulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing was not assessed. Moreover, the signaling pathway through which saturated fatty acids act to promote changes in alternative splicing is unknown. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the signaling pathway through which saturated fatty acids act to modulate Tnnt3 alternative splicing. The effects of treatment of L6 myotubes with saturated (palmitate), mono- (oleate), or polyunsaturated (linoleate) fatty acids on alternative splicing of pre-mRNA was assessed using Tnnt3 as a marker gene. Palmitate treatment caused a two-fold change (p < 0.05) in L6 myotube Tnnt3 alternative splicing whereas treatment with either oleate or linoleate had minimal effects compared to control myotubes. Treatment with a downstream metabolite of palmitate, ceramide, had effects similar to palmitate on Tnnt3 alternative splicing and inhibition of de novo ceramide biosynthesis blocked the palmitate-induced alternative splicing changes. The effects of palmitate and ceramide on Tnnt3 alternative splicing were accompanied by a 40–50% reduction in phosphorylation of Akt on S473. However, inhibition of de novo ceramide biosynthesis did not prevent palmitate-induced Akt dephosphorylation, suggesting that palmitate may act in an Akt-independent manner to modulate Tnnt3 alternative splicing. Instead, pre-treatment with okadaic acid at concentrations that selectively inhibit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) blocked both palmitate- and ceramide-induced changes in Tnnt3 alternative splicing, suggesting that palmitate and ceramide act through PP2A to modulate Tnnt3 alternative splicing. Overall, the data show that fatty acid saturation level and ceramides are important factors modulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing through activation of PP2A.
Body-, Eating-, and Exercise-Related Comparisons During Eating Disorder Recovery and Validation of the BEECOM-R:

Social comparison tendencies are strongly associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In the current study, we quantitatively examined the structure and predictive value of these co...
Unsupervised Network Alignment

Identifying the common users shared by different online social sites is a very hard task even for humans. Manually labeling of the anchor links can be extremely challenging, expensive (in human efforts, time, and money costs), and tedious, and the scale of the real-world online social networks involving millions even billions of users also renders the training data labeling much more difficult. In this chapter, we will introduce several approaches to resolve the network alignment problem based on the unsupervised learning setting instead, where no labeled training data will be needed in model building.
Reactions of Ba Atoms with NO2, O3 and Cl2: Dynamic Consequences of the Divalent Nature of Barium

The role of the divalent nature of barium atoms in chemical reactivity was explored using crossed molecular beams. Angular and velocity distributions of products from reactions of Ba(1S) with NO2 and O3 indicate the existence of long lived collision intermediates despite very large reaction exothermicities. The existence of these intermediates results from barriers to transfer of the second electron necessary to form ground state products. Although BaO was the dominant product in both reactions, two previously unknown channels were observed: Ba + N02 BaON + O and Ba + O3 BaO2 + O. We obtained bond dissociation energies of D0(Ba–ON) = 270 ± 80 kJ/mol and D0(Ba – O2) = 500 ± 80 kJ/mol for these molecules. The dependence of the cross sections for the ion channels, Ba(1P) + Cl2 Ba+ + Cl−2 and Ba(1P) + Cl2 BaCl+ + Cl− on Ba(1P) orbital alignment and collision energy was used to probe the course of the reaction through intersections between the ionic and covalent potential energy surfaces.
π-Helix controls activity of oxygen-sensing diguanylate cyclases

The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to oxygen levels in their environment leads to changes in cellular phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence. Globin coupled sensors (GCSs) are a family of heme proteins that regulate diverse functions in response to O2 levels, including modulating synthesis of cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger that regulates biofilm formation. While GCS proteins have been demonstrated to regulate O2-dependent pathways, the mechanism by which the O2 binding event is transmitted from the globin domain to the cyclase domain is unknown. Using chemical cross-linking and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, diguanylate cyclase (DGC)-containing GCS proteins from Bordetella pertussis (BpeGReg) and Pectobacterium carotovorum (PccGCS) have been demonstrated to form direct interactions between the globin domain and a middle domain π-helix. Additionally, mutation of the π-helix caused major changes in oligomerization and loss of DGC activity. Furthermore, results from assays with isolated globin and DGC domains found that DGC activity is affected by the cognate globin domain, indicating unique interactions between output domain and cognate globin sensor. Based on these studies a compact GCS structure, which depends on the middle domain π-helix for orienting the three domains, is needed for DGC activity and allows for direct sensor domain interactions with both middle and output domains to transmit the O2 binding signal. The insights from the present study improve our understanding of DGC regulation and provide insight into GCS signaling that may lead to the ability to rationally control O2-dependent GCS activity.
Tympanostomy Tubes-A Visual Guide for the Young Otolaryngologist.

Objectives:To illustrate some of the common dilemmas in tympanostomy tube care and describe time-tested ways to address them.Methods:Computerized literature review.Results:Issues including the corr...
The Importance of the Islands

The Juan Fernandez Archipelago has an important political significance for Chile. Its position, combined with that of Easter Island, provides the country a strategic area in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The islands are ecologically significant, having been designated as a Chilean national park in 1935, and as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977. Important is the high level of specific endemism among the ferns (45%) and flowering plants (71%). There never were any indigenous peoples; the human influence began with discovery of the archipelago by Juan Fernandez. Historical documentation from this point forward provides details of how humans impacted the vegetation. Many evolutionary and biogeographic studies have been conducted over the past 40 years. Emphasis has been placed on revealing the phylogenetic relationships among the endemic species, emphasizing data from morphology, chromosomes, flavonoids, isozymes, population genetic markers, and DNA sequences. Two principal modes of speciation have been documented, cladogenesis and anagenesis, of equal importance in the flora. Biogeographic analysis has revealed that 82% of the native and endemic flowering plant species have been derived from South America and 18% from the Pacific. Birds have been major agents for dispersal, and wind is the predominant pollination mechanism.
A hybrid spiral microphone array design for performance and portability

Abstract The logarithmic spiral has become a common design archetype for the placement of microphones in microphone array systems. Such designs tend to perform well; however, when the diameter of the array is increased to improve the array’s angular resolution, the portability and convenience of the array are significantly compromised. Large spiral-based arrays of more than a few meters in diameter are unwieldy to transport and time-consuming to set up once the array has been transported to the test location. The purpose of this investigation is to serve as a proof of concept to establish the anticipated performance of a new hybrid spiral microphone array. This hybrid microphone array design will combine the portability and convenience benefits of smaller spiral array designs with the performance characteristics of larger arrays. Four modified spiral microphone arrays are proposed. The candidate arrays are constructed by placing microphones exclusively on the axes at the points where the spiral geometries intercept the axes. The resulting arrays are modular, enabling the arrays to be quickly dis-assembled, transported, and re-assembled. The candidate array designs are subjected to a battery of angular resolution testing, and the results are compared with standard existing array designs.
Contract-Theoretic Demand Response Management in Smart Grid Systems

The sheer growth of electricity demand and the rising number of electricity-hungry devices have highlighted and elevated the need of addressing the demand response management problem in residential smart grid systems. In this article, a novel contract-theoretic demand response management (DRM) framework in residential smart grid systems is introduced based on the principles of labor economics. The residential households produce and consume electricity, acting as dynamic prosumers. Initially, the prosumers’ personal electricity generation and consumption characteristics are captured by introducing the concept of prosumers’ types. Then, the prosumers’ and the electricity market’s profit is depicted in representative utility functions. Based on the labor economics principles, Contract Theory is adopted to design the interactions among the electricity market, which offers personalized rewards to the prosumers in order to buy electricity at an announced price, and the prosumers, who offer their “effort” by paying for the purchased electricity. The contract-theoretic DRM problem is formulated as a maximization problem of the electricity market’s utility, while jointly guaranteeing the optimal satisfaction of the prosumers, under the scenarios of complete and incomplete information from the electricity market’s perspective regarding knowing or not the prosumers’ types, respectively. The corresponding optimization problems are solved following a convex optimization approach and the optimal contracts, i.e., rewards and efforts, are determined. Detailed numerical results obtained via modeling and simulation, highlight the key operation features and superiority of the proposed framework.
Predicting fashion trend using runway images: application of logistic regression in trend forecasting

Trend forecasting is a challenging job and needs precise prediction based on colour, pattern, and style. Nowadays, researchers are applying machine learning and predictive models to predict the tre...
Morphologic changes associated with neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and comparison of two tumor regression grading systems.

Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is aggressive, with an overall five-year survival rate of 9%, and few patients are candidates for pancreatectomy at presentation. The role of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is evolving, especially for high-risk potentially resectable tumors. Owing to the increasing number of NAT resection specimens, we aim to characterize the histologic changes associated with NAT and to compare two tumor regression grading schemes. One hundred eighteen resections for PDAC were selected from the cases between 2011 and 2018, 59 not treated and 59 treated with NAT. All H&E stained tumor slides were reviewed for histologic changes and graded using the four-tier modified Ryan score (recommended by College of American Pathologists) and the three-tier MD Anderson (MDA) score. The histologic changes evaluated included blue/grey fibrosis, islet cell hyperplasia, dystrophic calcification, amyloid deposition, cholesterol clefts, nerve hypertrophy, elastotic stromal/vascular change, abscess formation, and eosinophilic tumor cell changes. There were statistically significant differences for dystrophic calcification, eosinophilic tumor cell changes, elastotic stromal/vascular change, islet cell hyperplasia, and nerve hypertrophy between the two groups, with these features seen more frequently in NAT cases. Blue/grey stromal fibrosis was present in all cases regardless of NAT, except few complete regression cases and one treated case with intraneural invasion only. Blue/grey fibrosis is a useful histologic visual clue to suggest the possibility of adjacent tumor in the majority of PDAC cases regardless of NAT. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, neither grading scheme correlated with overall survival in our cohort. However, the MDA score was significantly correlated with both time to primary tumor recurrence (p = 0.002) and time to distant recurrence (p = 0.04), whereas the modified Ryan score was not.
Teacher Residency as Alternative Pathway to Licensure

Teacher residencies have been an ongoing discussion in the educator preparation world for nearly a decade. This paper describes a promising practice in program design at a university that offers alternative pathways to licensure to meet the demands of school districts, especially in economically disadvantaged communities in one region of the United States. The one-year residency model was developed to address the teacher shortage in a state with growing teacher attrition. Aligned with recent legislation that created a residency license, a traditional educator preparation program examined its strengths and incorporated the most critical needs for novice teacher success to offer a one-year teacher residency as an alternative pathway. The residency model was co-constructed with school district personnel and teacher education faculty to focus on the most critical dimensions of teaching that include planning, instruction, and assessment. After one year, the feedback from school district personnel included high favor for readiness to teach. Residency candidates reported increased self-efficacy. The residency program has implications for future research and potential replication at other institutions of higher education.
Conditions for photonic bandgaps in two-dimensional materials

Conditions that define the spectral location of bandgaps in the quasi-transverse magnetic surface plasmon polariton modal dispersion for 2D/quasi-2D materials with a tensor response function, embedded in a simple isotropic medium, are obtained. In the isotropic case, transverse magnetic surface plasmon polariton modes propagate if the surface conductivity is inductive. However, in the anisotropic case considered here, we find that quasi-transverse magnetic modes are supported by surfaces with an inductive effective conductivity seen by the wave along the direction of propagation (written as a weighted sum of the diagonal elements). Examples of natural anisotropic 2D/quasi-2D materials are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
To swear early or not to swear early? An empirical investigation of factors affecting CEOs’ decisions

Abstract We examine the characteristics and incentives of companies that filed their sworn financial reports prior to the deadline set by the SEC’s June 27, 2002 order. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that larger firms, firms with higher quality of earnings, and firms with higher levels of institutional holdings filed early. These results contribute to our understanding of factors affecting firms’ responses to regulatory requirements.
Structure and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 proofreading exoribonuclease ExoN

High-fidelity replication of the large RNA genome of coronaviruses (CoVs) is mediated by a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) in non-structural protein 14 (nsp14), which excises nucleotides including antiviral drugs mis-incorporated by the low-fidelity viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and has also been implicated in viral RNA recombination and resistance to innate immunity. Here we determined a 1.6-A resolution crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 ExoN in complex with its essential co-factor, nsp10. The structure shows a highly basic and concave surface flanking the active site, comprising several Lys residues of nsp14 and the N-terminal amino group of nsp10. Modeling suggests that this basic patch binds to the template strand of double-stranded RNA substrates to position the 3' end of the nascent strand in the ExoN active site, which is corroborated by mutational and computational analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations further show remarkable flexibility of multi-domain nsp14 and suggest that nsp10 stabilizes ExoN for substrate RNA-binding to support its exoribonuclease activity. Our high-resolution structure of the SARS-CoV-2 ExoN-nsp10 complex serves as a platform for future development of anti-coronaviral drugs or strategies to attenuate the viral virulence.
Explanatory Response Time Models

In online survey platforms, process data such as response times and metadata have become more easily available, although applications of such types of data are still limited. Beyond item responses and response times, process data can reveal, for example, the sequence in which item responses are selected or whether the individual changed their answer. Using survey data from a high school sample, in this study, we explore response times, background variables, and process data to propose an explanatory framework for response time modeling. Among the advantages, this explanatory approach provides a more interpretable model for understanding variability in response time due to person or item characteristics while decreasing the number of parameters to be estimated.
Leading-Following and Mentoring: Making Connections.

There are many meaning-making moments within the leader-leader protege relationship that shapes each person moment-to-moment over time. It is important that there is a nursing theoretical framework...
Methylated Bases in the Host-Modified Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli and Bacteriophage λ

Gough, Michael (Brown University, Providence, R.I.), and Seymour Lederberg. Methylated bases in the host-modified deoxyribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli and bacteriophage λ. J. Bacteriol. 91:1460–1468. 1966.—The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from strains of Escherichia coli and phage λ was examined to determine whether the types or amounts of methionine-derived methylated bases present correlated with the host-specific modification of that DNA. The DNA of strain C600 (which has K-12 modification specificity) and of a modificationless mutant of C600 are similar in their content of 5-methylcytosine and 6-methylaminopurine. Strains Bc251 and its P1-lysogen differ in P1-controlled specificity, but they have the same content of 6-methylaminopurine, and both lack 5-methylcytosine in their DNA. Phage λ contains the same methylated bases as its host of origin, but in reduced amounts and in different proportions. Although minor amounts of these methylated bases may have importance as a result of their location, the presence of the majority of these methylated bases is irrelevant to the specificity of host modification of DNA.
Hardware Measurement Techniques for High-Speed Networks

The utilization of the inherent bandwidth in high-speed networks is often obstructed by the implementation of the protocols. NIST and ARPA developed VLSI measurement components that permit researchers and product developers to better understand computing and communication bottlenecks by accurate measurement techniques. To illustrate and promote the use of such public domain components, this paper uses image transfer as an example application via a commercial UNIX (UNIX is a trademark of X/Open) (BSD 4.3.1 variant) implementation of the TCP/IP protocol over an Ethernet (10 Mbits/s), and a HIPPI (800 Mbits/s) medium. The only modification done to this commercially available kernel was to add the simple probe code necessary to interface to the NIST MultiKron (MultiKron is a registered trademark of NIST) measurement chip. The accurate data obtained for the various aspects of this protocol implementation clearly illustrate the major bottlenecks, provide insight with regard to scaling, and determine upper bounds on performance. This paper does not, however, attempt to draw any conclusions with regard to the abstract TCP/IP protocol itself or the generic services of the UNIX operating system, rather it provides a system-wide perspective on how a wide range of design options and implementation parameters impact the effective throughput to the application.
Inhibition of Vascular Permeability by Antisense-Mediated Inhibition of Plasma Kallikrein and Coagulation Factor 12

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent, acute, and painful episodes of swelling involving multiple tissues. Deficiency or malfunction of the serine protease inhibitor C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) results in HAE types 1 and 2, respectively, whereas mutations in coagulation factor 12 (f12) have been associated with HAE type 3. C1-INH is the primary inhibitor of multiple plasma cascade pathways known to be altered in HAE patients, including the complement, fibrinolytic, coagulation, and kinin-kallikrein pathways. We have selectively inhibited several components of both the kinin-kallikrein system and the coagulation cascades with potent and selective antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to investigate their relative contributions to vascular permeability. We have also developed ASO inhibitors of C1-INH and characterized their effects on vascular permeability in mice as an inducible model of HAE. Our studies demonstrate that ASO-mediated reduction in C1-INH plasma levels resu...
Integrability of the continuum wavelet kernel

We state and prove sufficient conditions for the absolute integrability of the inverse of the continuum wavelet kernel.
Autobiographic notes on the identity crisis.

I have been encouraged to put the concept of "identity crisis" in the center of an autobiographic essay. This, quite fittingly, raises the question as to what kind of identity this concept can claim in a discussion of transforming conceptions of modern science. Whether ornot identity crisis is itself such a conception in my own field, psychoanalysis, is difficult to decide in the absence of a representative of my profession who might well assert that the concept is not, strictly speaking, psychoanalytic, because it deals with matters too close to the "social surface" to preserve the essence of depth psychology. I would, at any rate, prefer the more modest assumption that I have been invited to write this essay because Daedalus, on the basis of some related past symposia,1 takes it for granted that the problem of psychosocial identity is relevant to the motivational nature of innovation and builds a bridge between psychoanalytic and other approaches to it. That I have attempted to demonstrate this bridge in two studies deal ing with the interrelation of the life histories and the historical period of great innovators2 also seems to suggest to some that I should be willing to confess some of the possible reasons for my having been the person who, at a given time in his life and in the history of psychoanalysis, came to observe and to name something by now so self-evident as the identity crisis and to explain, in fact, why it now seems so self-evident. For identity concepts have immediately secured for themselves, if not the clear status of scientific innovation, yet the onus of a certain novelty in the thinking or, at any rate, the vocabulary, of a wide range of persons in many countries. In my recent collection of essays on the subject3 I reported fondly that not long ago a Catholic student organization at Harvard announced in the paper that it would "hold an identity crisis" in a givert place on a certain evening at 8:00 p.m. sharp. More recently, it was reported that President Nixon's son-in-law, being also President Eisenhower s grandson, on that very score felt an identity crisis coming on, whereupon he consulted his father-in-law who in turn asked a 730
The canonical resolution of the multiplicity problem for U(3): An explicit and complete constructive solution

The multiplicity problem for tensor operators in U(3) has a unique (canonical) resolution which we utilize to effect the explicit construction of all U(3) Wigner and Racah coefficients. We employ methods which elucidate the structure of the results; in particular, we describe the significance of the denominator functions entering the structure of these coefficients, and the relation of these denominator functions to the null space of the canonical tensor operators. An interesting feature of the denominator functions is the appearance of new, group theoretical, polynomials exhibiting several remarkable and quite unexpected.