cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Conjunctival Hemodynamic Measurements in Rabbits: Reproducibility, Validity and Response to Acute Hypotension

Please cite this paper as: Gaynes B, Teng P-Y, Wanek J, Shahidi M. Feasibility of conjunctival hemodynamic measurements in rabbits: reproducibility, validity, and response to acute hypotension. Microcirculation 19: 521–529, 2012. Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of conjunctival hemodynamic measurements based on assessment of reproducibility, validity, and response to acute hypotension. Methods: Image sequences of the conjunctival microvasculature of rabbits were captured using a slit lamp biomicroscope under a steady-state condition, after topical administration of phenylephrine, and after intravenous administration of esmolol. Venous hemodynamic parameters (diameter, blood velocity, blood flow, and wall shear stress) were derived. Results: Conjunctival venous diameters ranged from 9 to 34 μm and blood velocities ranged from 0.08 to 0.95 mm/s. Coefficients of variation of venous diameter and blood velocity measurements were, on average, 6% and 14%, respectively. Automated and manual measurements of venous diameter and velocity were highly correlated (R = 0.97; p < 0.001; n = 16). With phenylephrine administration, diameter and velocity were reduced by 21% and 69%, respectively. Following esmolol administration, blood pressure was reduced with a concomitant decrease in velocity, followed by recovery to baseline. Venous blood velocity, flow, and WSS were correlated with blood pressure (R ≥ 0.52; p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The feasibility of quantifying alterations in microvascular hemodynamics in the bulbar conjunctiva was established. The method is of potential value in evaluating microcirculatory hemodynamics related to cardiovascular function.
Best Tests for Zero Drift Based on First Passage Times in Brownian Motion

We give best tests and corresponding power functions for testing the hypothesis of no drift versus the alternative of positive linear drift in a one-dimensional Brownian motion process. The tests are based on a simple random sample from a first passage time distribution associated with the Brownian motion process. In reliability applications the first passage times would be the lifetimes of objects which fail when some noisy physical parameter reaches a critical value. In this case the life distribution is determined by the assumption that the physical parameter behaves like a Brownian motion and then the problem is equivalent to testing the hypothesis of infinite mean life versus the alternative of finite mean life. These tests are also applicable (and remain best) in the case of a single realization of Brownian motion for which only certain crossing time data is available.
Performance Evaluation of Multihop WPANs Based on a Realistic OFDM UWB Physical Layer

Multiband-OFDM (MB-OFDM) is one of the promising candidates for UWB-based alternative PHY layer for WPAN. However, the coverage radius of MB-OFDM UWB system is very short, and single-hop transmission may not be adequate for very high-data-rate WPAN. Therefore, multi-hop ad hoc WPAN is considered to extend the UWB radio coverage. Since IEEE 802.15.3 MAC layer is designed for peer-to-peer communication, the following question arises: can the quality-of-service parameters still be preserved in multi-hop scenarios? In our study, thorough investigations using simulation are conducted by avoiding as many assumptions as possible, and the performances are evaluated to answer this question. It can be observed that 802.15.3 TDMA MAC layer functions well in the context of multihop network with on-demand rate-based scheduling scheme and the proper routing protocol. Multihop WPAN based on OFDM UWB physical layer could be a viable approach to extend the network coverage for very high data rate multimedia traffic
The role of multifunctional M1 metallopeptidases in cell cycle progression

Background Metallopeptidases of the M1 family are found in all phyla (except viruses) and are important in the cell cycle and normal growth and development. M1s often have spatiotemporal expression patterns which allow for strict regulation of activity. Mutations in the genes encoding M1s result in disease and are often lethal. This family of zinc metallopeptidases all share the catalytic region containing a signature amino acid exopeptidase (GXMXN) and a zinc binding (HEXXH[18X]E) motif. In addition, M1 aminopeptidases often also contain additional membrane association and/or protein interaction motifs. These protein interaction domains may function independently of M1 enzymatic activity and can contribute to multifunctionality of the proteins. Scope A brief review of M1 metalloproteases in plants and animals and their roles in the cell cycle is presented. In animals, human puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) acts during mitosis and perhaps meiosis, while the insect homologue puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PAM-1) is required for meiotic and mitotic exit; the remaining human M1 family members appear to play a direct or indirect role in mitosis/cell proliferation. In plants, meiotic prophase aminopeptidase 1 (MPA1) is essential for the first steps in meiosis, and aminopeptidase M1 (APM1) appears to be important in mitosis and cell division. Conclusions M1 metalloprotease activity in the cell cycle is conserved across phyla. The activities of the multifunctional M1s, processing small peptides and peptide hormones and contributing to protein trafficking and signal transduction processes, either directly or indirectly impact on the cell cycle. Identification of peptide substrates and interacting protein partners is required to understand M1 function in fertility and normal growth and development in plants.
The Pursuit of Knowledge and Power: Keynes, Kuhn and Gamal Abdel Nasser

The modern study of economics in Egypt closely tracked changes in global academic modes of analysis and changes in the structure of the Egyptian economy. As early as 1952 Egyptian economists had moved away from studying trade policy and global market segmentation to the construction of input-output models to aid "big bang" policies of transformation.
Agile Testing: How to Succeed in an Extreme Testing Environment

In an IT world in which there are differently sized projects, with different applications, differently skilled practitioners, and on-site, off-site, and off-shored development teams, it is impossible for there to be a one-size-fits-all agile development and testing approach. This book provides practical guidance for professionals, practitioners, and researchers faced with creating and rolling out their own agile testing processes. In addition to descriptions of the prominent agile methods, the book provides twenty real-world case studies of practitioners using agile methods and draws upon their experiences to propose your own agile method; whether yours is a small, medium, large, off-site, or even off-shore project, this book provides personalized guidance on the agile best practices from which to choose to create your own effective and efficient agile method.
The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis

This article emphasizes on the implication of the doctrine of capital maintenance which means the capital of a company needs to be kept intact for there is a contribution of the creditors and retaining the capital is normally expected to guarantee repayment to the creditors. Any reduction of capital can diminish the liability of members and consequently the position of the creditors can be vulnerable. Therefore, an attempt has been made by this study to reveal the origin, objective and application of the doctrine of capital maintenance to find out a way by which we can save the interest of the creditors as well as satisfy the needs of the modern business. Northern University Journal of Law Vol.IV 2013; p.47-55
Experimental Designs in Measuring the Effectiveness of Promotion

More than ever, business firms are wanting to know what results are being achieved for their outlay of funds for advertising and promotion. This paper gives some experimental designs that have been...
The full coverage restoration in relation to the gingival sulcus.

The full coverage restoration (FCR) and its effect on the periodontium have been the subject of much controversy over the last half century. The conflict relates to whether the margin of the FCR should be placed at or above the gingival crest, or into the gingival crevice. Clinicians and researchers alike have focused their attention primarily on the mechanistic aspects of fixed prosthetic design (i.e., marginal configuration and fit). Although marginal quality and form are factors in the fabrication of the FCR, they alone will not determine periodontal health and restorative success. What determines the success of the FCR is its ability to restore form and function to the masticatory system without adversely affecting its biology. Each technical phase of treatment (i.e., tooth preparation, impression-taking, the provisional restoration, and the final restoration) must be performed within the limits of biologic adaptation. This literature review discusses the scientific evidence regarding FCR margin placement and periodontal health.
Comparative study of the survival rate of frozen-thawed embryos with perforated zonae from microsurgical fertilization and frozen-thawed embryos with intact zonae

Objective To compare the survival rate of frozen-thawed embryos with perforated zonae from microsurgical fertilization (subzonal insemination) (SUZI) with that of embryos with intact zonae. Design Thirty-eight embryos resulting from microsurgical fertilization by SUZI were cryopreserved in 16 patient cycles. Within the same period, 140 zonae-intact embryos from 46 patient cycles were cryopreserved. The survival rate of the SUZI embryos was compared with the zonae-intact embryos after thawing. Clinical pregnancies were compared after the transfer of the thawed embryos. Results The total survival rates were 94.7% and 89.3% for thawed SUZI embryos and zonae-intact embryos, respectively. Within each type of embryo, total survival rates were similar irrespective of the age of the embryos at freezing. The blastomere loss per thawed embryo was the same for zonae-intact and SUZI embryos. One clinical pregnancy was obtained in patients who received thawed SUZI embryos and nine in patients who received embryos with intact zonae. Conclusions It is concluded that SUZI embryos can be cryopreserved and thawed with the same degree of confidence as zonae-intact embryos. The low implantation rate of thawed SUZI embryos requires confirmation in a larger clinical series.
MO-FG-CAMPUS-TeP3-05: Limitations of the Dose Weighted LET Concept for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy in the Distal Falloff Region and Beyond

Purpose: Dose-weighted linear energy transfer (dLET) has been shown to be useful for the analysis of late effects in proton therapy. This study presents the results of the testing of the dLET concept for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) with a discrete spot scanning beam system without use of an aperture or compensator (AC). Methods: IMPT (no AC) and broad beams (BB) with (AC) were simulated in the TOPAS and FLUKA code systems. Information from the independently tested Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) was integrated into the FLUKA code systems to account for spatial variations in the RBE for protons and other light ions using an endpoint of DNA double strand break (DSB) induction. Results: The proton spectra for IMPT beams at the depths beyond the distal edge contain a tail of high energy protons up to 100 MeV. The integral from the tail is compatible with the number of 5–8 MeV protons at the tip of the Bragg peak (BP). The dose averaged energy (dEav) decreases to 7 MeV at the tip of (BP) and then increases to about 15 MeV beyond the distal edge. Neutrons produced in the nozzle are two orders of magnitude higher for BB with AC than for IMPT in low energy part of the spectra. The dLET values beyond of the distal edge of the BP are 5 times larger for the IMPT than for BB with the AC. Contrarily, negligible differences are seen in the RBE estimates for IMPT and BB with AC beyond the distal edge of the BP. Conclusion: The analysis of late effects in IMPT with a spot scanning and double scattering or scanning techniques with AC may requires both dLET and RBE as quantitative parameters to characterize effects beyond the distal edge of the BP.
The Role of Institutional Research in Positioning Universities

The region of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a political construct which refers to all the Eastern bloc countries west of the former Soviet Union, the independent states in former Yugoslavia, the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), and sometimes Austria. Over the past twenty-five years, all the countries in the region except Austria underwent transition from communist rule to democracy and from state-rule economy to liberal market economy. The former Yugoslav Republics became independent countries, some after a period of ethnic conflicts and war.
Triad of Risk for Late Onset Alzheimer’s: Mitochondrial Haplotype, APOE Genotype and Chromosomal Sex

The brain is the most energetically demanding organ of the body, and is thus vulnerable to even modest decline in ATP generation. Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are associated with decline in mitochondrial function e.g. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and multiple neuropathies. Genetic variances in the mitochondrial genome can modify bioenergetic and respiratory phenotypes, at both the cellular and system biology levels. Mitochondrial haplotype can be a key driver of mitochondrial efficiency. Herein, we focus on the association between mitochondrial haplotype and risk of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Evidence for the association of mitochondrial genetic variances/haplotypes and the risk of developing late onset Alzheimer’s disease are explored and discussed. Further, we provide a conceptual framework that suggests an interaction between mitochondrial haplotypes and two demonstrated risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, apolipoprotein E genotype and chromosomal sex. We posit herein that mitochondrial haplotype, and hence respiratory capacity, plays a key role in determining risk of late onset Alzheimer’s and other age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Further, therapeutic design and targeting that involve mitochondrial haplotype would advance precision medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and other age related neurodegenerative diseases.
Carathéodory Functions in Partial Differential Equations

We show how Caratheodory functions can be used in solving problems in partial differential equations.
Optimal delivery in display advertising

In display advertising, a publisher targets a specific audience by displaying ads on content web pages. Because the publisher has little control over the supply of display opportunities, the actual supply of ads that it can sell is stochastic. We consider the problem of optimal ad delivery, where an advertiser requests a certain number of impressions to be displayed by the publisher over a certain time horizon. Time is divided into periods, and in the beginning of each period the publisher chooses a fraction of the still unrealized supply to allocate towards fulfilling the advertiser's demand. The goal is to be able to fulfill the demand at the end of the horizon with minimal costs incurred from penalties associated with shortage or over-delivery of ads. We describe optimal policies that are both simple in structure and easy to implement for several variations of this problem.
Characterizing spectrum goodness for dynamic spectrum access

The combination of exclusive use spectrum licensing and growing demand for voice, data, and video applications is leading to artificial spectrum scarcity. A recent approach to alleviate this artificial spectrum scarcity innovatively uses unused TV spectrum, also called the TV white spaces, through dynamic spectrum access (DSA) techniques. Wireless devices can use DSA techniques such as sensing and geo-location databases to learn about available TV channels for wireless communication. One obvious question to ask is whether the technology enabler for white space networking, i.e. dynamic spectrum access, is viable in other portions of the spectrum? This paper extends our research on networking devices in TV white spaces over the last seven years to other licensed spectrum bands between 30 MHz and 6 GHz. Typically, the goodness of licensed spectrum bands is measured using spectrum occupancy as a goodness metric, but the DSA opportunities in different bands can depend on several factors. We propose a novel DSA goodness metric to compare the opportunity of capitalizing on available spectrum using DSA techniques in various licensed bands. Further, we use these metrics to evaluate the data from the ongoing spectrum measurement campaign at Microsoft Research over one year.
Planarian finds time(less) to fight infection

Planarians are freshwater non-parasitic flatworms that have fascinated researchers for more than 200 years.1 Planarians have incredible capacities for whole body regeneration. While humans or mice ...
Geriatrics and the Legal System

Correctional systems, already struggling to meet the basic and functional requirements of older prisoners, will be further challenged by the increasing medical and psychiatric needs of this population. Mental health and general medical care for older adults requires specific on-site or consultation expertise in geriatric medicine and psychiatry, as well as potential changes in infrastructure, both of which may be prohibitively expensive. However, compassionate and effective treatment of older prisoners requires that prison and legal systems facilitate this expert care. To address this situation, strategic revisions of the criminal justice system are needed to alleviate prison overcrowding and consequent inadequate medical care for inmates, especially the elder ones. The unique, age-related demands of this older population predict an increased need for forensic psychiatrists with a thorough knowledge and expertise in geriatrics, as more forensic psychiatric evaluations will be needed before trial in both civil and criminal cases, during incarceration, and at the time of parole. In this article, we review the current state of elder inmates in correctional institutions and advocate for increased geriatric training for forensic psychiatrists in anticipation of this growing need.
Identification of Nitroxoline and Halogenated Quinoline Analogues with Antibacterial Activities against Plant Pathogens

Bacterial pathogens that infect and kill plants are responsible for major crop damage (e.g. citrus canker). As is the case with human pathogens, bacterial species which are invasive to plants acquire resistance to common crop-bactericidal agents. Herein we report the identification of nitroxoline and simple halogenated quinoline (HQ) antibacterial agents that demonstrate antibacterial activities against a panel of plant pathogens, including Xanthomonas citri and Burkholderia andropogonis. A subset of active analogues was identified from an in-house library of 36 nitrogen-containing heterocycles which our group previously evaluated against multiple human pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). In this report, we also demonstrate that the phytochemical gallic acid (GA) potentiates the antibacterial activity of select halogenated quinolines against multiple Xanthomonas strains, including Xcc 306. We also show that nitroxoline and HQ 1 alone and in combination with GA inhibit Xcc 306 infection in a plant model, demonstrating the potential these compounds have as crop-bactericidal agents.
Assessing the utility of 2.5% phenylephrine for diagnostic pupillary dilation.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether the addition of phenylephrine to tropicamide produces any clinically significant change in pupil size during diagnostic eye examination. Methods Twenty healthy adults at the Washington University School of Medicine Eye Clinic were enrolled in this prospective, nonrandomized, crossover trial. Each had 3 dilating eye drop regimens administered to the left eye on separate days. Tropicamide (T) + proparacaine (PP) + phenylephrine (PE) (T+PP+PE) was considered the standard therapy, to which tropicamide alone (T alone) and tropicamide + proparacaine (T+PP) were compared against. Main outcome measures were postdilation pupil size and proportion of pupils able to achieve adequate clinical pupil dilation of >7 mm. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests and McNemar’s test. Results Mean postdilation pupil size was 7.94 ± 0.78 mm, 7.64 ± 0.78 mm, and 7.48 ± 0.77 mm for T+PP+PE, T+PP, and T alone, respectively. T+PP+PE was statistically superior to T+PP (p = 0.004) and T alone (p 7 mm was 90%, 80%, and 70% for T+PP+PE, T+PP, and T alone, respectively. No statistical difference was observed in each regimen’s ability to achieve adequate pupil dilation of >7 mm (T+PP+PE and T+PP: p = 0.47; T+PP+PE and T alone: p = 0.13). Conclusion The addition of phenylephrine eye drops to tropicamide produced larger pupil dilation, but the magnitude of benefit was marginal and clinically insignificant in this young, healthy cohort. A single-dilating-agent regimen using tropicamide could be considered in routine clinical practice.
Comparison of radiation pattern modeling methods for GPS controlled reception pattern array

A four element dual-linear polarized pin-fed patch antenna array is modeled as a controlled reception pattern array for anti-jam GPS applications. Full-wave electromagnetic simulation is used to refine the model and account for parasitic effects such as mutual coupling. The effects of using full-wave simulated antenna radiation patterns rather than analytically calculated patterns for calculation of weight vectors to implement null steering are explored.
A PCE-based multiscale framework for the characterization of uncertainties in complex systems

This paper presents a framework for the modeling and analysis of material systems that exhibit uncertainties in their constituents at all scales. The framework integrates multiscale formalism with a polynomial chaos construction enabling an explicit representation of quantities of interests, at any scale, in terms of any form of underlying uncertain parameters, a key feature to model multiscale dependencies. It is demonstrated how the framework can successfully tackle settings where a hierarchy of scales must be explicitly modeled. The application of this framework is illustrated in the construction of stochastic models of mesoscale and macroscale properties of non-crimp fabric composites. Joint statistical properties of upscaled components of the composite, including properties of tow, laminae and laminate, are computed.
Bioenergetics, ischemic contracture and reperfusion injury.

The mammalian heart is normally well oxygenated and anaerobic glycolysis is extremely rare except for the production of extra ATP during extreme exercise like a marathon race. Anaerobic glycolysis plays a role when there is a serious impairment in coronary blood flow such as during heart attack and open heart surgery. The control of glycolysis in ischemic myocardial tissue appears to be extremely complex. During aerobic glycolysis, phosphofructokinase is the most important regulatory enzyme that controls the energy requirements of the cell. Under anaerobic conditions, however, glyceraldehyde-3-phos-phate dehydrogenase becomes the key enzyme because it responds promptly to any changes in the essential supply of co-factors for oxidation. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (aerobic metabolism) involves a series of chain reactions primarily catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is situated at the cross roads between both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. It is important to remember that substrate utilization is carefully controlled by substrate availability. During aerobic metabolism, control mechanisms using fatty acids, lactate and glucose as energy substrates regulate the rate of ATP production according to energy demand. This precise mechanism is upset during ischemia and post-is-chemic reperfusion for reasons discussed in this review. The demand for ATP can no longer be met by its supply because of severely reduced anaerobic glycolysis and significantly inhibited s-oxidation of fatty acids. The impairment of bioenergetics is discussed in the context of several diseases such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, diabetes, arrhythmias, cardiac surgery, heart-lung transplantation, and also in aging and oxidative stress. The regulation of energy metabolism in preconditioned heart is also discussed. Finally, methods used to preserve energy in ischemic myocardium are summarized and quantitation of the high-energy phosphates is discussed. This review challenges scientists to discover drugs which will stimulate energy supply during myocardial ischemia.
Business Analytics in the Marketing Curriculum: A Call for Integration

Marketing education has responded, to some extent, to the academic challenges emanating from the Big Data revolution. To provide a forum to specifically discuss how business analytics has been inte...
Protein-protein interactions in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions. Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)

Osmotic pressures have been measured to determine lysozyme—lysozyme,BSA—BSA, and lysosyme—BSA interactions for protein concentrations to 100 g-L−1in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate at ambient temperature, as a functionof ionic strength and pH. Osmotic second virial coefficients for lysozyme, forBSA, and for a mixture of BSA and lysozyme were calculated from theosmotic-pressure data for protein concentrations to 40 g-L−1. The osmotic second virialcoefficient of lysozyme is slightly negative and becomes more negative withrising ionic strength and pH. The osmotic second virial coefficient for BSA isslightly positive, increasing with ionic strength and pH. The osmotic second virialcross coefficient of the mixture lies between the coefficients for lysozyme andBSA, indicating that the attractive forces for a lysozyme—BSA pair areintermediate between those for the lysozyme—lysozyme and BSA—BSA pairs. For proteinconcentrations less than 100 g-L−1, experimental osmotic-pressure data comparefavorably with results from an adhesive hard-sphere model, which has previouslybeen shown to fit osmotic compressibilities of lysozyme solutions.
Molecular Typing Techniques: State of the Art

The treatment of infectious disease centers around the goals of both curing the patient and preventing or at least restricting the spread of disease. In a perfect world, health care professionals would know that these goals have been achieved when the patient’s health is restored and there are no new occurrences of infected patients. However, the real world of infectious disease is far from perfect. The individual patient may present with evidence of recurring or additional infection by a pathogen (e.g., at a different body site). Different members of a patient population may yield cultures of the same organism. In both instances, the question commonly asked is whether multiple isolates of a given pathogen represent the same strain. In the individual patient, this question commonly relates to issues of therapeutic efficacy while in a patient population the concern is infection control. However, in both settings, the resolution of these questions is aided by specific epidemiological assessment. In the past, a variety of methods based on phenotypic characteristics have been used for this purpose including biotype, serotype, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, or bacteriophages, etc. [1–4]. However, in the 1970, techniques developed for the recombinant DNA laboratory began to find application in the molecular characterization of clinical isolates. These included comparing protein molecular weight distributions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, relative mobility of specific enzymes by starch-gel electrophoresis (multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis), specific antibody reactions with immobilized cellular proteins (immunoblotting), and cellular plasmid content (i.e., plasmid fingerprinting) [2, 5, 6]. However, by 1980 it was clear that comparisons at the genomic level would provide the most fundamental measure of epidemiological relatedness. Thus, molecular typing was born. While a wide range of etiological agents are of clinical concern, this review focuses on molecular approaches to the epidemiological analysis of bacterial pathogens.
Insulin action and binding in isolated hepatocytes from fasted, streptozotocin-diabetic, and older, spontaneously obese rats.

Insulin binding and basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid were measured in isolated hepatocytes from young control rats as well as from older spontaneously obese, 72h-starved, and nonketotic streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Isolated hepatocytes from older spontaneously obese rats are similar to those from younger smaller rats in size, maximal insulin responsiveness, the dose–response relationship for insulin-stimulated aminoisobutyrate uptake, and the number and affinity of insulin receptors. Hepatocytes from 72h-fasted rats have similar numbers of insulin receptors per cell as cells from young control animals, but are significantly smaller, have an enhanced basal rate of aminoisobutyrate uptake, and are insulin resistant with regard to maximal insulin-stimulated uptake of aminoisobutyrate at 0.1mm-aminoisobutyrate. Because of the decreased maximal response to insulin, the concentration of insulin that elicits a half-maximal response of aminoisobutyrate uptake is decreased. Hepatocytes from diabetic animals, like those from starved rats, have significantly greater basal rates of aminoisobutyrate uptake; whereas the maximal absolute insulin response is the same as control cells, the percentage response is smaller. These cells bind significantly more insulin than do control cells. The increase in insulin binding is reflected in a shift to the left of the dose–response curve for insulin-stimulated uptake of aminoisobutyrate. These studies indicate that there is no insulin resistance with regard to uptake of aminoisobutyrate in hepatocytes from older obese rats. Furthermore, the insulin resistance observed in hepatocytes from starved rats occurs despite an increase in the number of receptors per unit surface area and cannot be explained by alterations in the interaction between insulin and its receptor. The enhanced insulin binding per unit surface area, however, is reflected in the shift to the left of the dose–response curve for insulin. This is also true for hepatocytes from diabetic animals, in which insulin binding per cell is increased.
Regulation of mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes in Leydig cells.

Testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells is dependent on both acute and chronic stimulation by the anterior pituitary hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH). Binding of LH to specific high-affinity receptors on the surface of Leydig cells (Catt et al., 1972) results in increased production of intracellular cAMP (Dufau et al., 1973). Both the acute and the chronic effects of LH are mediated by increases in cyclic AMP. A schematic representation of LH stimulated testosterone production in Leydig cells is shown in Fig. 1. Although the exact mechanism is not known, acute stimulation by trophic hormones or cAMP in all steroidogenic tissues (testis, ovary and adrenal) results in an increased amount of the endogenous precursor, cholesterol, which associates with the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P-450SCC). Chronic treatment of intact or hypophysectomized rats with LH, or its analog, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), results in an increased capacity for LH-stimulated testosterone production (Zipf et al., 1978; Payne et al., 1980) and induces enzymes of the steroidogenic pathway (Purvis et al., 1973a, b; O’Shaughnessy and Payne, 1982).
Structural diversity and variable temperature magnetic properties in copper dimethylmalonate coordination polymers containing dipyridyl-type coligands

Abstract Four copper dimethylmalonate (dmmal) phases containing long-spanning dipyridyl coligands have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Cu2(dmmal)2(edin)(H2O)2]·3H2O}n (1, edin = N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)diisonicotinamide) and {[Cu2(dmmal)2(bdin)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (2, bdin = N,N′-(butane-1,4-diyl)diisonicotinamide) both show (6,3) herringbone layers constructed from the edin pillaring of [Cu(H2O)(dmmal)]n chain motifs, that feature embedded equatorial-equatorial bridged {Cu(OCO)}n chains. [Cu2(dmmal)2(bpmp)]n (3, bpmp = bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine) shows a decorated (4,4) grid topology built from bpmp pillared [Cu2(dmmal)2]n ribbon motifs, that feature embedded {Cu2(OCO)4} paddlewheel dimeric units. [Cu2(dmmal)2(bpfp)]n (4, bpfp = bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine) shows a 5-connected non-interpenetrated 3D 4466 sqp topology, formed from the bpfp pillaring of rectangular equatorial-equatorial bridged [Cu2(dmmal)2]n layers. Variable temperature magnetic studies were carried out on 1, 2 and 4, indicating predominant ferromagnetic superexchange within their equatorial-equatorial {Cu(OCO)}n chain motifs.
Liberal Pessimism: An Intellectual History of Suspicion in the Cold War

Pessimism as a way of looking at the world that focuses on the ‘worst aspects of a thing’ is often associated with realism in International Relations (IR) theory. This chapter, in contrast, examines the intellectual history of a ‘liberal pessimism’ during the Cold War, illustrating the ways that the spectre of totalitarianism influenced Cold War liberal thinking. The mid-twentieth century was a pivotal moment where liberals made arguments about politics that began from new attitudes about the nature of the political: suspicion, cynicism, resignation and fear. Focusing on historian Jacob Talmon and philosopher Raymond Aron, the chapter reconstructs this intellectual milieu.
Taking Back Birth: De/Medicalization and the Rhetoric of the Santa Cruz Birth Center

In 1972, a group of lay midwives in Santa Cruz, CA published Birth Book – a text designed to raise awareness of home birthing practices through narratives, essays, and images. Birth Book functions ...
Manifestations of Pediatric Extranodal Rosai Dorfman Disease in the head and neck.

Abstract Objectives To systematically evaluate the clinico-diagnostic profile and management outcomes of otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease (ENRDD) in the pediatric population. Methods The search terms Rosai Dorfman Disease and Sinus Histiocytosis were used to query PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Scopus databases from inception through September 30, 2018. Studies were systematically reviewed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. All reports of ENRDD involving at least one otorhinolaryngologic subsite in children less than 18 years were eligible for inclusion. Results A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria resulting in identification of 31 ENRDD cases with a mean age of 11.5 years. Of the 31 patients, 23 were male (74.2%) and 7 were female (22.6%). Extranodal lesions were limited to otorhinolaryngologic subsites in 24 patients (77.4%), while 7 patients (22.5%) were found to have extranodal lesions simultaneously involving otorhinolaryngologic and nonotorhinolaryngologic sites. The nasal vault was the most common otorhinolaryngologic site involved (n = 13, 41.9%), followed by the paranasal sinuses (n = 10, 32.3%). The most common non-otorhinolaryngologic site that was concurrently involved was the orbit (n = 4, 57.1%). Concurrent cervical lymphadenopathy was present in 19 patients (61.2%). While not documented for 2 cases, emperipolesis on histopathology was confirmed in 29 patients (93.5%). Single therapy with surgical excision was the most common modality of treatment (n = 15, 53.6%) and yielded highest remission rates (80%). In 11 instances (34.36%), ENRDD was misdiagnosed. Conclusion Pediatric ENRDD is a rare disease entity that maintains a high misdiagnosis potential. The most common otorhinolaryngologic location for extranodal manifestation is the sinonasal compartment. Surgical excision remains the most common treatment modality yielding lowest persistence and/or recurrence rates.
Adaptive Balancing of Three-Phase Loads at Four-Wire Supply with Reactive Compensators and Nonsinusoidal Voltage

The paper presents fundamentals of an adaptive balancing of three-phase loads supplied from a four-wire line with a nonsinusoidal voltage, with the use of reactive compensators. Parameters of the compensator are calculated using the Currents' Physical Components (CPC) - based power theory. Thyristor Switched Inductors (TSIs) are used to convert a fixed-parameters compensator into an adaptive one. The adaptive compensator is composed of two sub-compensators, one in the Y structure and the other in the $\Delta$ structure. The method is illustrated in the paper with a computer model.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Nivolumab With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Nivolumab Alone in Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSEThe objective response rate (ORR) for single-agent anti–programmed death receptor 1 (anti–PD-1) therapy is modest in patients with metastatic or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcino...
Dimensional connectomics of anxious misery, a human connectome study related to human disease: Overview of protocol and data quality.

Abstract Disparate diagnostic categories from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), including generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, share common behavioral and phenomenological dysfunctions. While high levels of comorbidity and common features across these disorders suggest shared mechanisms, past research in psychopathology has largely proceeded based on the syndromal taxonomy established by the DSM rather than on a biologically-informed framework of neural, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. In line with the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we present a Human Connectome Study Related to Human Disease that is intentionally designed to generate and test novel, biologically-motivated dimensions of psychopathology. The Dimensional Connectomics of Anxious Misery study is collecting neuroimaging, cognitive and behavioral data from a heterogeneous population of adults with varying degrees of depression, anxiety and trauma, as well as a set of healthy comparators (to date, n = 97 and n = 24, respectively). This sample constitutes a dataset uniquely situated to elucidate relationships between brain circuitry and dysfunctions of the Negative Valence construct of the RDoC framework. We present a comprehensive overview of the eligibility criteria, clinical procedures and neuroimaging methods of our project. After describing our protocol, we present group-level activation maps from task fMRI data and independent components maps from resting state data. Finally, using quantitative measures of neuroimaging data quality, we demonstrate excellent data quality relative to a subset of the Human Connectome Project of Young Adults (n = 97), as well as comparable profiles of cortical thickness from T1-weighted imaging and generalized fractional anisotropy from diffusion weighted imaging. This manuscript presents results from the first 121 participants of our full target 250 participant dataset, timed with the release of this data to the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive in fall 2020, with the remaining half of the dataset to be released in 2021.
Association between childhood adversity and criminal thinking: the role of attachment

The current cross-sectional study adopted structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the association between childhood adversity and criminal thinking, and the role of attachment being a mediato...
Book Review: Captured by Evil: The Idea of Corruption in Law, by Laura J. Underkuffler

A government official calls in sick to work, even though she is not sick. Another official takes a bribe to expedite an application. A third uses her office to secure a favorable contract for her spouse’s business. Can we distinguish these three officials? Each engages in self-seeking behaviors that deprive the public of services. Each takes intentional steps to improve her position in derogation of the public trust. Intentional self-seeking behavior by government officials in derogation of the public trust sounds a lot like corruption. Are all three of these officials corrupt? Likely we would hesitate before answering this last question because, as Laura Underkuffler explains in her recent book, Captured by Evil: The Idea of Corruption in Law, corruption is not a tidy legal label but instead often implicates unmanageable extralegal concerns—unbridled emotions, rampant moralism, public panic, prosecutorial excess—not to mention the numerous and often inconsistent moral, political, literary, and religious associations that have accumulated around the idea of corruption for millennia in societies the world over.
Differential protein abundance of vetiver grass in response to acid mine drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an acidic and metalliferous discharge that imposes oxidative stress on living things through bioaccumulation and physical exposure. The abandoned Tab-Simco mining site of Southern Illinois generates highly acidic AMD with elevated sulfate (SO4 2- ) and various metals. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is effective for the remediation of Tab-Simco AMD at both mesocosm and microcosm levels over extended periods. In this study, we conducted a proteomic investigation of vetiver shoots under short and long-term exposure to AMD. Our objective was to decipher the physiological responses of vetiver to the combined abiotic stresses of AMD (metal and low pH). Differential regulation was observed for longer-term (56 days) exposure to AMD, which resulted in 17 upregulated and nine downregulated proteins, whereas shorter-term (7 days) exposure led to 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins. There were significant changes to photosynthesis, including upregulation of electron transport chain proteins for light-dependent reactions after 56 days, whereas differential regulation of enzymes relating to C4 carbon fixation was observed after 7 days. Significant changes in amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, including upregulation of ethylene and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with plant response to nitrogen starvation, were observed. Short-term changes also included upregulation of glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase, whereas longer-term changes included changes in protein misfolding and ER-associated protein degradation for stress management and acclimation.
Choroidal macrovessel: Systematic review and analysis of anatomic origin

ABSTRACT There are various hypotheses for the anatomic origin of a choroidal macrovessel. We assess whether a choroidal macrovessel is a dilated posterior ciliary artery. A systematic review of published literature on choroidal macrovessels was performed with two additional cases from our institution. We compared the visible entry and vascular course of the macrovessel in the published literature. We performed a comparative analysis using indocyanine green angiography, swept source optical computed tomography, and 3D reconstruction of two choroidal macrovessels using 3D Slicer (Harvard, Boston, USA, https://www.slicer.org/ ). From the 14 studies found, 18 cases met inclusion criteria. The reported literature and our two cases showed a radiating course along a sectoral distribution pattern of either short or long posterior ciliary arteries. Our review of literature and 3D reconstruction analysis support the hypothesis that choroidal macrovessels are dilated posterior ciliary arteries.
Revealing novel, latent subsets of patients with morphoea through principal component analysis.

The clinical features and patient impact of morphea, an inflammatory disorder of the skin and soft tissue, remain poorly characterized. While numerous clinical classification schemes are in use, there is little work systematically examining latent clinical and quality of life features within these clinical subtypes. In an effort to address this gap, prior work from our group revealed that the Padua Criteria performed best in grouping patients into consistent subtypes, however we did not perform in depth analysis of subsets that may exist within these subtypes.
Modular Organization of Occipito-Temporal Pathways: Cortical Connections between Visual Area 4 and Visual Area 2 and Posterior Inferotemporal Ventral Area in Macaque Monkeys

The modular organization of cortical pathways linking visual area 4 (V4) with occipital visual area 2 (V2) and inferotemporal posterior inferotemporal ventral area (PITv) was investigated through an analysis of the patterns of retrogradely labeled cell bodies after injections of tracers into V4 and PITv. Although cytochrome oxidase or other stains have failed to yield reliable independent anatomical markers for cortical modules beyond V1 and V2, V4 and PITv seem to have modular compartments with specific patterns of cortico-cortical connectivity. Tracer injections of V4 labeled cells in V2 (1) thin stripes exclusively, (2) interstripes exclusively, or (3) specific combinations of interstripe and thin stripe subcompartments. These labeling patterns suggest (1) that there is a complicated organization of inputs to V4, (2) that projections from V2 to V4 display a submodular selectivity, and (3) that projections from V2 to V4 display some degree of cross-stream convergence. Consistent with this framework, extensive regions of PITv provide feedback projections to interstripe-recipient portions of V4, whereas more restricted portions of PITv provide feedback to thin stripe-recipient portions of V4. Similarly, the feedforward projection from V4 to PITv often arose from multiple cell clusters across a wide expanse of V4. When distinguishable fluorescent tracers were injected into two PITv sites separated by 3–5 mm, a variety of projection patterns was observed in V4. In most cases, labeled cells were found in multiple, interdigitating, nonoverlapping clusters of 1–3 mm width, whereas in other cases the two labeled fields were highly intermixed. These results suggest that V4 and PITv contain functional modules that can be characterized by the specific patterns of segregated and convergent projections they receive from lower cortical areas. These specific patterns of intercortical input, in conjunction with intrinsic cortical circuitry, may endow extrastriate cortical neurons with new and more complex receptive field properties.
PFI Questions and Answers

(1940). PFI Questions and Answers. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 352-387.
Further results on switched control of linear systems with constraints

In a previous paper, we proposed a supervisory control system to globally regulate to zero the state of a very poorly modeled, open-loop unstable but not exponentially unstable, linear process in the presence of input constraints. The process to control was unknown but assumed to belong to a finite family P of nominal models. In this paper, the analysis is extended to the case in which P is not finite and is a closed, bounded subset of a real, finite-dimensional, normed linear space. In this analysis, the property of the multiestimator/multicontroller of being "robustly" integral input-to state stable is exploited.