cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival and Functional Status after Resection of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

Objective To determine the selection factors for and results of second resections performed to treat recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GM), we studied 301 patients with GM who were treated from the time of diagnosis using two prospective clinical protocols. Methods The patients were prospectively followed from the time of diagnosis, using clinical and radiographic criteria after maximal surgical resection and external beam radiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Resection of recurrent GM was performed at the recommendation of the treating clinicians. The results of the second resections were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier-Turnbull survival analysis, Cox regression, and propensity score stratification. Results Forty-six patients underwent second resections during the study period. The actuarial rate of the second resections was 15% of the patients 1 year after diagnosis and 31% 2 years after diagnosis. Younger age (P = 0.01) and more extensive initial resection (P = 0.02), but not Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score at the time of diagnosis or recurrence, predicted a higher chance of selection for reoperation after initial tumor recurrence. Twenty-eight percent of the patients had improved KPS scores after undergoing reoperation, 49% were stable, and 23% had declines in KPS scores of 10 to 30 points. There was no operative mortality. After reoperation, 85% of the patients received chemotherapy, 11% received brachytherapy or underwent stereotactic radiosurgery, and 17% underwent third resections. The median survival period after reoperation was 36 weeks. Higher preoperative KPS scores predicted longer survival periods after reoperation (P = 0.03). Age and interval since diagnosis were not significant prognostic factors. The median high-quality survival period (KPS score, > or =70) was 18 weeks. The median survival period after first tumor progression was 23 weeks for 130 patients treated using the same protocols who did not undergo reoperations. Patients who did undergo reoperations experienced clinically and statistically significantly longer survival periods. However, this was determined to be partially because of selection bias. Conclusion Survival after resection of recurrent GM remains poor despite advances in imaging, operative technique, and adjuvant therapies. High-quality survival after resection of recurrence to treat GM seems to have increased significantly since an earlier report from our institution.
VIRTUE, LUCK AND THE PYRRHONIAN PROBLEMATIC

A number of contemporary philosophers endorse a Pyrrhonian theme: that one has knowledge only if one knows or understands that one’s beliefs are reliably formed. Otherwise, one is like a man who grasps gold in the dark: such a man is successful, but his success is a matter of luck, and so not creditable to him. It is argued that the skeptical problem and the problem of moral luck share a common structure and a common solution. Specifically, a virtue-theoretic approach helps us to understand important relations among luck, success and credit for success. It is argued that knowledge is an instance of success through virtue, and that, in general, success through virtue is creditable to the virtuous agent.
Bayesian analysis of massive datasets via particle filters

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques revolutionized statistical practice in the 1990s by providing an essential toolkit for making the rigor and flexibility of Bayesian analysis computationally practical. At the same time the increasing prevalence of massive datasets and the expansion of the field of data mining has created the need to produce statistically sound methods that scale to these large problems. Except for the most trivial examples, current MCMC methods require a complete scan of the dataset for each iteration eliminating their candidacy as feasible data mining techniques.In this article we present a method for making Bayesian analysis of massive datasets computationally feasible. The algorithm simulates from a posterior distribution that conditions on a smaller, more manageable portion of the dataset. The remainder of the dataset may be incorporated by reweighting the initial draws using importance sampling. Computation of the importance weights requires a single scan of the remaining observations. While importance sampling increases efficiency in data access, it comes at the expense of estimation efficiency. A simple modification, based on the "rejuvenation" step used in particle filters for dynamic systems models, sidesteps the loss of efficiency with only a slight increase in the number of data accesses.To show proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the method on a mixture of transition models that has been used to model web traffic and robotics. For this example we show that estimation efficiency is not affected while offering a 95% reduction in data accesses.
A pipelined givens method for computing the QR factorization of a sparse matrix

This paper discusses an extension of the Pipelined Givens method for computing the QR factorization of a real m x n matrix to the case in which the matrix is sparse. When restricted to one process, the algorithm performs the same computation as the serial sparse Givens algorithm of George and Heath. Our implementation is compatible with the data structures used in SPARSPAK. The pipelined algorithm is well suited to parallel computers having globally shared memory and low overhead synchronization primitives, such as the Denelcor HEP, for which computational results are presented. We point out certain synchronization problems that arise in the adaptation to the sparse setting and discuss the effect on parallel speedup of accessing a serial data file. 15 references, 7 figures.
Revision Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of Diagnoses, Operative Findings, and Outcomes

Purpose: To determine indications for, operative findings of, and outcomes of revision hip arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Therapeutic clinical outcome studies reporting the indications for, operative findings of, and outcomes of revision hip arthroscopy were eligible for inclusion. All study-, patient-, and hipspecific data were extracted and analyzed. The Modified Coleman Methodology Score was used to assess study quality. Results: Five studies were included (348 revision hip arthroscopies; 333 patients; mean age, 31.4 � 4.2 years; 60% female patients). All 5 studies were either Level III or IV evidence. The surgeon performing revision hip arthroscopy was the same as the primary hip surgeon in only 25% of cases. The mean time between primary and revision hip arthroscopy was 27.8 � 7.0 months (range, 2 to 193 months). Residual femoroacetabular impingement was the most common indication for and operative finding of revision hip arthroscopy (81% of cases). The most commonly reported revision procedures were femoral osteochondroplasty (24%) and acetabuloplasty (18%). The modified Harris Hip Score was used in all 5 analyzed studies, with significant (P < .05) improvements observed in all 5 studies (weighted mean, 56.8 � 3.6 preoperatively v 72.0 � 8.3 at final follow-up [22.4 � 9.8 months]; P ¼ .01). Other patient-reported outcomes (Non-Arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score, 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool, Short Form 12) showed significant improvements but were not used in all 5 analyzed studies. After revision hip arthroscopy, subsequent reported operations were hip arthroplasty in 11 patients and re-revision hip arthroscopy in 8 patients (5% total reoperation rate). Conclusions: Revision hip arthroscopy is most commonly performed for residual femoroacetabular impingement, with statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements shown in multiple patient-reported clinical outcome scores at short-term follow-up. The reoperation rate after revision hip arthroscopy is 5% within 2 years, including further arthroscopy or conversion to hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and IV studies.
Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH4+, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO3− on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO3− leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO3− leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO3− leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.
Nurses in adult day care centers

Adult day care services are community-based group programs designed to support adults' personal independence by promoting their social, physical, and emotional well-being through an individual plan of care. Nurses are in a prime position to care for this population because they deliver holistic care and promote health. Scant literature is available that addresses how nurses provide care for this population. The purpose of this article is to describe how nurses can care for the adult day care population and to present an illustrative case study that demonstrates how nurses can positively affect the health of older adult day care clients.
Selective hydrogenolysis of polyols and cyclic ethers over bifunctional surface sites on rhodium-rhenium catalysts.

A ReOx-promoted Rh/C catalyst is shown to be selective in the hydrogenolysis of secondary C–O bonds for a broad range of cyclic ethers and polyols, these being important classes of compounds in biomass-derived feedstocks. Experimentally observed reactivity trends, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) profiles, and results from theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are consistent with the hypothesis of a bifunctional catalyst that facilitates selective hydrogenolysis of C–O bonds by acid-catalyzed ring-opening and dehydration reactions coupled with metal-catalyzed hydrogenation. The presence of surface acid sites on 4 wt % Rh–ReOx/C (1:0.5) was confirmed by NH3 TPD, and the estimated acid site density and standard enthalpy of NH3 adsorption were 40 μmol g–1 and −100 kJ mol–1, respectively. Results from DFT calculations suggest that hydroxyl groups on rhenium atoms associated with rhodium are acidic, due to the strong binding of oxygen atoms by rhenium, and these groups ar...
Incidence and effects of Ha-ras codon 12 G-->A transition mutations in preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in the rat esophagus.

N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis is an important model for squamous cell carcinoma of the human esophagus. In this model, previous studies have shown that the GGA-->GAA Ha-ras codon 12 mutation is present in the majority of papillomas. No other Ha-ras mutation has been identified. Studies using other models of chemical carcinogenesis suggest that Ha-ras activation has a critical role during tumor initiation. We have used laser-capture microdissection and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to study the role of codon 12 Ha-ras mutation at various stages of tumor development in the rat esophagus. Our results indicate that Ha-ras mutation was present infrequently (4.3%) in premalignant lesions. The incidence of Ha-ras mutation was high in papillomas (57.1%), however, and 50% of papillomas expressed mutant Ha-ras RNA message. Additionally, there was a linear trend correlating increased incidence of Ha-ras mutation with later papilloma stage. These data suggest the role of ras activation later in neoplastic development. To evaluate the potential mechanism of action by which Ha-ras contributes to promotion and progression in this model, we compared mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and p27 in Ha-ras mutant and Ha-ras normal papillomas. We found no differences in mRNA expression of either cyclin D1 or p27 between these two papilloma populations. Our data suggest an important paradigm shift for the role of ras mutations in this model of chemical carcinogenesis, indicating a functional role of Ha-ras activation in promotion/progression and not in the initiation phase of NMBA-induced papillomagenesis.
Role of cysteine residues in the function of human UDP glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1)

Bilirubin glucuronidation, catalysed by UGT1A1 [UGT (UDP glucuronosyltransferase) isoform 1A1, EC 2.4.1.17], is critical for biliary elimination of bilirubin. UGT1A1 deficiency causes CN-1 (Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1), which is characterized by potentially lethal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis of UGT1A1 in two CN-1 patients revealed that patient A was homozygous for a nt 530 G→A (where nt 530 G→A means guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 530) mutation, predicting a C177Y substitution, and patient B had a nt 466 T→C mutation on one allele and a nt 1070 A→G mutation on the other, predicting a C156R and a Q357R substitution respectively. All 11 cysteine residues of mature human UGT1A1 are highly conserved in other human UGT isoforms and in rat, mouse and Rhesus monkey UGT1A1, suggesting their functional importance. Expression of mutagenized UGT1A1 plasmids showed that substitution of any of the seven cysteine residues located within the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (including those mutated in patients A and B) abolished UGT1A1 activity or markedly increased its apparent Km for bilirubin. Substitution of the three cysteine residues within the C-terminal cytosolic tail had minimal effect on basal UGT1A1 activity, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc. N-Ethylmaleimide did not inhibit UGT1A1 activity in native microsomes, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc and inhibited the activity in digitonin-permeabilized microsomes. Dithiothreitol did not affect UGT1A1 activity in human liver microsomes. Together, the results suggested that free thiol groups, but not disulphide bonding, of seven cysteine residues within the intracisternal region of human UGT1A1 are important for its catalytic activity, while cysteine residues in the cytosolic domain may be involved in its physiological activation by UDP-GlcNAc.
Thermopower of amorphous La0.82Ga0.18 and La0.78Ga0.22 alloys

Abstract Thermopower measurements are reported for two similar amorphous alloys, one with α= ρ-1 dρ/dT 0. The thermopower is negative and only approximately linear in temperature for both samples. The sign and relative magnitudes of the thermopower are in disagreement with the diffraction model neglecting the energy dependence of the t-matrix as has been widely done to explain the thermopower of amorphous metals with α
On the sub-fractionation of histones by zone electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels

Abstract Attempts to sub-fractionate some chromatographic fractions of calf-thymus histone by preparative zone electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels are described. Histone Fractions Ib and IIb (arginine/lysine molar ratios of 0.1 and 0.6, respectively) were not resolved further by this procedure. Histone Fraction III (arginine/lysine molar ratio of 1.4) was separated into components differing in amino acid composition. The multiplicity of zones exhibited by histone Fraction III on zone electrophoresis cannot be due entirely to aggregation; the fraction is, in fact, composite.
Effect of bulk tissue motion on quantitative perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

The effect of irreproducible bulk tissue motions upon quantification of tissue perfusion and diffusion was studied via computer simulation of random phase error in conventional phase-encoded perfusion/diffusion MRI. Simulations using acquisition parameters typical for human brain studies demonstrate that bulk motion irreproducibility of approximately 60 microns/s can produce phase instability on the order of 20 degrees which overwhelms estimates of perfusion fraction and produces significant errors in diffusion values. Bulk tissue motion control of the human brain via cardiac gating and substantial head restraint was studied by direct measurement of voxel phase stability. Phase instability of 10 degrees to 20 degrees was observed from right-to-left and anterior-to-posterior motions and significantly greater phase variability from superior-to-inferior motion. The spatial pattern of phase variability indicates the source is likely a mixture of cardiac pulsation and respiration.
An analytical study on the fast-transient process in small scales

The energy equation accounting for the microstructural interaction effect in the fast-transient process displays a new-type of differential equation in engineering science. In addition to a wave term reflecting the fast-transient effect, the equation contains a mixed-derivative term reflecting the microscopic interaction effect. Employing the method of Laplace transform, the present work derives the analytical expressions for temperature by performing the Bromwich contour integrations. The contour integral for the classical thermal wave equation is also derived for comparison to that obtained earlier under very special conditions. Special features in this work include the direct extraction of the location of the thermal wavefront from the Laplace transform solution by the method of partial expansions.
Minimal paramount matrices

Abstract A real symmetric matrix of order n , n ⩾ 2, is said to be paramount if each proper principal minor is not less than the absolute value of any other minor built from the same rows. A paramount matrix is minimal ∗ if reducing any of the diagonal entries removes the matrix from the paramount class. Minimal paramount matrices arise in the n -port realization problem of circuit theory. A condition is found that is equivalent to the minimality of a paramount matrix. Conditions are also found that guarantee that the inverse of an invertible minimal paramount matrix is itself minimal.
REGGE CUTS AND FINITE ENERGY SUM RULES.

Including Regge-cut amplitudes in finite-energy sum rules for inelastic scattering we examine the possibilities that either (a) they are built up by part of the direct-channel resonance contributions, in which case they can significantly alter some of the bootstrap predictions, or (b) they are built up by a nonresonant background, in which case mesons with $Y=2$ are required that couple to the $\mathrm{KK}$ system.
Molecular Assemblies on Silicon Surfaces via Si−O Linkages

Monolayer assemblies on silicon surfaces are of interest for a number of technological reasons. Here, we present a novel, two-step strategy for assembly formation directly on silicon surfaces. In the first step, a H-terminated Si(100) or Si(111) surface reacts with Cl2 to give a Cl-capped surface. In the second step, the Cl−Si surface is immersed in an alcohol/isooctane solution for monolayer formation via Si−O linkages, with the removal of surface Cl likely in the form of HCl. This reaction mechanism is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray reflectivity measurement shows that the thickness of the monolayer film is close to molecular dimension and the density is about 85% of that in crystalline paraffine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements suggest that the alkyl chains within the monolayer possess, to a limited degree, conformational order. Atomic force microscopy image with molecular lattice resolution shows intermolecular distance corresponding to...
Role of citrate in stimulation of the fatty acid shuttle for the transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria

Abstract The fatty acid shuttle for the transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria was reconstituted in vitro . Externally added citrate increased the activity of this shuttle 30–40%. Citrate also stimulated the activity in the absence of added fatty acid (endogenous rate). The effect of citrate was prevented neither by inhibition of citric acid cycle activity nor by blocking citrate transport into the mitochondria. Inhibition of citrate efflux from the mitochondria impaired shuttle activity. A fatty acid elongation system in the outer membrane, which is stimulated by citrate, may be rate-limiting for the fatty acid shuttle.
Dipole derivatives and infrared intensities of the ester group. An ab initio and force field study of methyl acetate

Abstract Dipole derivatives have been obtained (using both 3-21G and 6-31G basis sets) for methyl acetate. Using a force field refined from experimental data on methyl acetate and its deuterated derivatives, infrared intensities have been calculated. The good frequency and intensity agreement indicate that these force constants and dipole derivatives can serve as satisfactory transferable parameters for the ester group.
Lessons from Appalachia in the 20th Century: Poverty, Power, and the "Grassroots"

Through an exploration of settings in eastern Kentucky, southwest Virginia, and western North Carolina, this article explores lessons that poor and working class people have to offer about grassroots activism in response to processes of economic restructuring and political disenf ranchisement. In addition to displacing simplistic perspectives on Appalachia, the purpose of this discussion is to consider how anthropologists might more effectively convey the insights of—not simply about—the peoples we study into public policy and debates on "the poor. [Keywords: Appalachia, activism, poverty, economic restructuring]
AUCTION-BASED SLOT ALLOCATION FOR TRAFFIC DEMAND MANAGEMENT AT HARTSFIELD ATLANTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT: A CASE STUDY

Ongoing research is described for an auction model, a hybrid demand management approach for congested airports. This approach is intended to optimize the use of airport time slots by maximizing passenger throughput with safe capacity, decreasing congestion, and less delay. The two submodels mathematically formulate conflicting optimization problems of efficiency-driven airport regulators and cost-driven airlines. By ranking key factors such as monetary bidding, flight origin-destination pairs, enplanement capability, and airlines' previous investments, a framework is presented that is open to many design alternatives. Two design alternatives are analyzed in a case study of Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport, Georgia, to compare different allocation schemata and resulting airport performance. The performance analysis used a queuing model simulation. By varying weighting coefficients for bid vectors, it is proposed that the effects of administrative coordination and market force on outcomes of the auc...
Brief communication: Methods of sequence heterochrony for describing modular developmental changes in human evolution.

Interest in the developmental changes leading to apomorphic features of human anatomy is longstanding. Although most research has focused on quantitative measures of size and shape, additional information may be available in the sequence of events in development, including aspects of phenotypic integration. I apply two recently proposed techniques for analyzing developmental sequences to literature data on human and chimpanzee age of limb element ossification center appearance in radiographs. The event-pair cracking method of Jeffery et al. (Syst Biol 51 [2002] 478–491) offers little additional insight on sequence differences in this data set than a simpler difference of ranks. Both reveal shifts in timing that are likely related to locomotor differences between the two species. Poe's (Evolution 58 [2004] 1852–1855) test for modularity in a sequence identifies the ankle, wrist, and hind limb as developmental modules, which may correspond to localized combinations of developmental genes. Ossification patterns of the rays of the hand and foot show little modularity. Integrating these and other methods of sequence analysis with traditional metrics of size and shape remains an underdeveloped area of inquiry. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Feedforward stabilization in a bimanual unloading task

When one hand removes a load from the other hand, feedforward motor commands stabilize the position of the unloaded hand. We studied the stabilization of the postural hand using a novel apparatus that allowed unloading at different rates, and unexpected uncoupling of the unloading force from the postural hand. Feedforward stabilization of hand position was observed in all subjects. This stabilization was achieved both by deactivation of postural agonist muscles and by activation of postural antagonist muscles. The neural feedforward command apparently increased with unloading rate. However, the command only partially canceled the interaction torque generated by removing the load, and stabilization became less effective as unloading rate increased.
Single viewpoint model completion of symmetric objects for digital inspection

The ability to create complete 3D models of real-world objects is an important task for various applications. In digital inspection, complete models allow users to analyze the entirety of an object. However, various difficulties arise for image-based acquisition techniques. First, the viewpoint planning problem must be solved. Second, each of the resulting view point captures must be combined with either zippering or 3D triangulation, both difficult problems. We observe that if an object is symmetric, then the object's symmetry can be exploited so that a single viewpoint capture is sufficient to generate a complete, 3D triangulated model. In our work, three problems of previous approaches to generating complete models are avoided or minimized: (1) we avoid 3D triangulation, (2) we avoid searches for geometry to extend our models, and (3) we minimize viewpoint planning to the selection of a single viewpoint. Our approach also includes algorithms to mitigate global deformations due to capture error. We demonstrate our approach by capturing, reconstructing, and completing several scenes of one or more objects and illustrating several digital inspection methods with these scenes.
Chemical Composition and In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility of Triticale Forage

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars Council and Morrison were planted in mid-September (early planting) and mid-October (late planting) in 1984 at the Alabama A &: M University-experiment station for studying organic matter digestibility. The plants were harvested at the tillering, milk and dough stages and samples were subjected to proximate analyses and in vitro digestibility tests. A 1,100 lb Hereford steer fitted with a permanent ruminal fistula was used as the rumen fluid donor. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined by Moore's modification of the two-stage digestion technique of Tilly and Terry (1963). Triticale cultivar Council was comparable to Morrison for phosphorus (P), dry matter (DM), ceil wall content, IVDMD and IVOMD. Crude protein (CP) and ash content were significantly higher for Morrison than for Council, while gross energy (GE) was significantly higher for Council than for Morrison. Both early and late plantings showed similar levels of DM, GE, P and cell wall constituents. However, CP and ash content were higher for early planting than late planting. The tillering stage was consistently higher than the milk or dough stages for CP, ash, P, calcium (Ca), IVDMD and IVOMD. The results indicate that the milk stage was superior to the tillering or dough stages in DM and cell wall content. Results from this study showed no significant differences in digestibilities for two triticale cultivars and planting dates. Based on the higher DM content at the milk stage, it seems that milk stage in triticale would be more acceptable as a forage than the tillering or dough stage.
The Antinomy of Multilingual US Literature

AbstractAfter September 2001, among other effects that may or may not have been foreseen, the new direction of US national political imperatives revived support for foreign language learning as a component of human or cultural intelligence. Across the political spectrum, competence in languages other than English is now acknowledged as a serious weakness of educational, economic, and military resources in the United States. In the critical study of contemporary literature, the multilingual spirit of this new emphasis collides with the monolingual letter of the publication industry that produces books. In the production of research objects for scholars of contemporary literature, language difference, the ground zero of multiple language acquisition, is displaced by translative representation of language difference. To the extent that scholars understand themselves as analysts of already given objects, regarding intervention in the process of literary production as beyond their practical or desired ability,...
Bone wax as an effective hemostat in periapical surgery

Abstract Twenty-eight different teeth were treated periapically by surgical endodontic procedures involving apicoectomy and placement of an apical amalgam seal. In each case bone wax was packed into the periapical bony cavity to achieve hemostasis and to catch any loose amalgam crumbs. The bone wax served satisfactorily in all situations and was significantly superior to many other methods and materials that I have tried. There were no noticeable side effects, and thus the material can be recommended for routine use in periapical surgery.
Correctional Research in Theory and Praxis: Political and Operational Hindrances:

This article explores a growing paradoxical aspect of research in U.S. correctional systems: On the one hand, the need to know what is being done and "what works" inside our prisons, which now command an annual outlay of $20 billion; conversely, there is the apparent cloak of secrecy surrounding these closed, "total institutions" (using Goffman's definition). The article discusses the tremendous need for cooperation between correctional practitioners and researchers, especially in light of the widespread notion spawned in the mid-1970s that "nothing works" inside prisons to change inmates. Primary differences between the methods, goals, and personalities of practitioners and researchers are discussed; and the Supreme Court's removal of the 'iron curtain' between prisons and society, Wolff v. McDonnell (1974), is examined in relation to research.For future correctional researchers, several political and operational problems actually encountered in a recent national survey of prisons are outlined. This case...
NK cell dysfunction and hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient presenting with invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Abstract Rationale Invasive mucormycosis is an invariably fatal disease usually seen in diabetics and immunosuppressed patients. We report a seemingly immunocompetent patient presenting with rhinocerebral mucormycosis who was found to have NK cell dysfunction and hypogammaglobulinemia. Methods A case report. Results A 47-year-old non-diabetic male with a history of chronic sinusitis and multiple sinus surgeries presented with headache, double vision, and periorbital swelling. Invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis was diagnosed; he had a glucose of 288 upon admission. He continued to deteriorate with aggressive cerebral invasion despite IV amphotericin, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and left orbital exenteration. Immunological evaluation revealed normal neutrophil respiratory burst, IgG 341 (694-1618), IgM 37 (60-263), normal IgA, and a barely detectable NK cell killing activity. IVIG, at 600mg/kg, failed to induce any clinical improvement. Interferon-α (IFN-α) was started with minimal improvement of his NK cell activity but with continued cerebral invasion. Due to severe adverse effects, IFN-α was stopped; GM-CSF was started. The patient's course stabilized after the initiation of GM-CSF; the cerebral infection was "walled off" and no new invasion was noted. The patient was discharged on anti-fungal therapy and GM-CSF. He continues to be stable five months later. His NK activity stabilized at the low end of the normal range. Conclusions Hypogammaglobulinemia is usually not associated with invasive mucormycosis suggesting that NK cell dysfunction was probably responsible for the patient's course. NK cell deficiency has been reported to be associated with recurrent mucosal candidiasis, suggesting an important role for these cells in the control of some fungi.
Macrophages relate presynaptic and postsynaptic damage in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.

Neurodegeneration observed in lentiviral-associated encephalitis has been linked to viral-infected and -activated central nervous system macrophages. Wehypothesized that lentivirus, macrophages, or both lentivirus and macrophages within distinct microenvironments mediate synaptic damage. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model, we assessed the relationship between virus, macrophages, and neurological damage in multiple brain regions using laser confocal microscopy. In SIV-infected macaques with SIV encephalitis (SIVE), brain tissue concentrations of SIV RNA were 5 orders of magnitude greater than that observed in nonencephalitic animals. In SIVE, staining for postsynaptic protein microtubule-associated protein-2 was significantly decreased in the caudate, hippocampus, and frontal cortical gray matter compared to nonencephalitic controls, whereas staining for presynaptic protein synaptophysin was decreased in SIV-infectedmacaques with and without encephalitis. These data suggest that presynaptic damage occurs independent of pathological changes associated with SIVE, whereas postsynaptic damage is more tightly linked to regional presence of both activated and infected macrophages.
A survey of grid generation techniques in computational fluid dynamics

The use of numerically-generated body-conforming coordinate systems has become well-established in computational fluid dynamics, allowing general codes to be written which can treat boundaries of arbitrary shape. There is now a rapidly increasing interest in the dynamic coupling of the grid with the physical solution so that the grid lines continually move to achieve concentration in regions of strong variation of the physical solution and alignment with shocks, flame fronts, etc. Such adaptive coordinate systems have been developed using a variety of techniques for sensing and reacting to the developing regions of concentration and/or alignment. This paper reviews the techniques and applications of these dynamically adaptive systems and other systems.
Ordered vertex removal and subgraph problems

Abstract Several new graph theoretic problems, which arise naturally from existing coloring algorithms, are defined. The complementary High Degree Vertex Removal Problem and Low Degree Vertex Removal Problem are both shown to be NP-complete. The Low Degree Subgraph Problem is defined and shown to be NP-complete, whereas, the “complementary” problem for high degree subgraphs was previously shown to be P-complete. Since the obvious sequential algorithms for computing the low degree subgraph and high degree subgraph are based on high degree vertex removal and low degree vertex removal, respectively, we find this is an interesting result. The “greedy” versions of the vertex removal and subgraph are shown to be P-complete. In addition, a natural lexicographic version of the Low Degree Subgraph Problem is shown to be NP-complete.
Transverse stability with nonlinear space charge

Transverse stability with nonlinear space charge is studied within the context of coasting beams. For bare tune spreads originating from chromaticity or frequency slip, the space charge tune spread has a fairly small effect and the incoherent space charge force is well modeled by a transverse capacitance. For tune spreads due to octupoles or fringe fields, beams are more stable when the bare tune increases with betatron amplitude.
Zero Tolerance as Public Policy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

(2004). Zero Tolerance as Public Policy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 62-66.
Competitive oxidations of dibenzyl trisulfide vs. substituted aryl polysulfides

The competitive oxidations of dibenzyl trisulfide and several substituted aryl polysulfides were conducted using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as the oxidizing agent. The reaction products were determined and analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that aryl trisulfides are not competitive in oxidation rates with dibenzyl trisulfides, the latter are oxidized much faster. However, aryl disulfides containing strong electron-donating groups are competitively oxidized and an aryl substitution effect was observed. The decomposition products of dibenzyl trisulfide 1-oxide were determined to be dibenzyl tetrasulfide and dibenzyl disulfide-1,1-dioxide.
Repeated use of betamethasone in rabbits: effects of treatment variation on adrenal suppression, pulmonary maturation, and pregnancy outcome.

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether reduced birth weight, adrenal suppression, and lung maturation occur in parallel and are cumulative with increasing courses of betamethasone. Study Design: Time-bred rabbits were assigned to a control group or to receive saline solution or 1, 2, or 3 courses of betamethasone (early treatment, beginning day 19). Two additional groups (n = 5 per group) were given 1 or 2 late courses (late treatment). Birth weight, serum cortisol, adrenal 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) messenger ribonucleic acid and fetal lung surfactant proteins A and B were quantified on day 27. Results: Fetal weight was inversely proportional to the number of courses, with late treatment having a greater effect. Maternal cortisol and P450c17 levels were progressively suppressed with each early course, but fetal cortisol and P450c17 levels were only suppressed after 3 courses. A single late treatment profoundly suppressed both maternal and fetal cortisol and P450c17 messenger ribonucleic acid levels. In contrast, fetal lung surfactant proteins A and B increased progressively with betamethasone courses, regardless of timing. Conclusions: Time from last injection to delivery determined adrenal suppression, whereas total betamethasone courses determined surfactant protein production. Lower birth weight was dependent on the number of courses and was greater with late treatment. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:995-1005.)
Use of overlap zones among group-living primates: a test of the risk hypothesis

Summary Overlap zones between home ranges of neighboring groups of primates are routinely reported to be under-used. However, little is known about how the size of overlap zones varies, or what factors influence their size. Here we use ranging data on three species of group-living primates to test the hypothesis that overlap zones are smaller or used less in species that are subject to a higher risk of lethal aggression in intergroup encounters. Redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) have a low risk of violence; white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus )h ave an intermediate risk; chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) face a high risk of violent encounters with their neighbors. We calculated two indices of use of the overlap zone. First, we assessed the opportunity for groups to meet each other as the range overlap, i.e., the diameter of the home range in relation to the distance between neighboring ranges. Second, we compared the intensity with which groups used the overlap zone by calculating utilization curves that described how space-use patterns change with distance from a group’s center of activity. Neither the overlap potentials nor utilization curves supported the risk hypothesis. There was little evidence of differences among the three species, all of which showed substantial underuse of overlap zones. Our data, which provide the first systematic comparison of overlap zones among primates, thus conform to previous reports suggesting that primate groups tend to have large overlap zones, regardless of the risk of violence. Since such zones are potentially responsible for carrying capacity being lower than expected by an ideal-free distribution, it is an important problem to understand why they are apparently widespread.
Irving Abella and Harold Troper. None is Too Many. Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933–1948. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012, 340 pp., CAN$29.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1-4426-1407-9.

This is the third edition of an award-winning book that should be required reading for all Canadians. The back cover blurbs call it “A brilliant work of history” (Leonard Dinnerstein); “An exceedin...
Dipole moment of in vivo and isolated perfused rabbit hearts.

We have measured magnitude and location of heart dipole moment during QRS in 46 New Zealand white rabbits. The spatial magnitude curve had one to three peaks. Mean values were M1=80±10 μA-cm (N=5) pointing to right anterior and caudal, M2=260±15 μA-cm (N=42) directed slightly to left of due anterior and caudal, and M3=236±9 μA-cm (N=43) pointing towards left posterior and cephalad. The mean thorax resistivity was 250 ohm-cm. For 23 rabbits, M2/M3>1 and for 16 rabbits, M2/M3<1. Mean times of occurrence of the three peaks were 5.8, 11.2, and 19.6 ms, respectively. Spatial magnitude curves for hearts perfused at the center of a sphere showed usually one major peak at about 19 ms. Locuscardiograms ofin vivo hearts were also measured. By comparing M values forin vivo and isolated hearts, we found that M1 values agreed closely but mean M2 measured from the heartsin vivo was 2.5 times that for the isolated hearts, and M3 forin vivo hearts was about two-thirds that for isolated hearts. We relate these differences to the effects of intracardiac blood and lungs on the measured dipole moment.
An Interactive Input–Process–Output Model of Social Influence in Decision-Making Groups

The first goal of this article is to demonstrate that the dichotomy between informational and normative influence in group decision making is long outdated and should be replaced with a distinction...
Relationship between changes in the calcium dependent regulatory protein and adenylate cyclase during viral transformation.

Abstract The levels of the calcium dependent regulatory protein in transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts are higher both in soluble fractions and membrane fractions compared to untransformed cells. The kinetics for changes in the calcium dependent regulatory protein, hexose transport, and adenylate cyclase were compared using a temperature sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Decreases in adenylate cyclase activity and increased hexose transport accompanying transformation occurred with half-lives of approximately 7 to 8 hours. Increases in the calcium dependent regulatory protein occurred much slower with a half-life of seventeen hours. It is concluded that the increase in calcium dependent regulatory protein levels is a late event during viral transformation and that the decline in adenylate cyclase activity cannot be due to changes in the amount of calcium dependent regulatory protein.
Deep venous thrombosis. The dilemma of diagnosis

Despite advanced medical technology, deep venous thrombosis continues to be a seriously underdiagnosed common postsurgical complication of the patient, particularly of lower extremity procedures, often requiring postoperative bed rest as in any routine podiatric surgery. Deep venous thrombosis and its complication, pulmonary embolism, are elusive clinical conditions since patients often tend to exhibit neither specific nor reliable signs or symptoms. However, the suspicion of the surgeon, generally based on subtle clinical manifestations, is the most important step in the diagnosis. Diagnosis will never be made unless he or she entertains the possibility. Since prevention of the potentially fatal outcome of pulmonary emboli secondary to deep venous thrombosis and possibly the serious morbidity caused by long-term sequelae in the lower extremity is now possible, the importance of an early, adequate diagnosis is indisputable. Diagnosis on clinical grounds alone is notoriously unreliable and objective tests are necessary to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment.
Postmodern Politics in America

Since the 1980s American national politics has experienced a shift—from the paradigm of modern politics to the paradigm of postmodern politics. Postmodern politics involves the use of images to emotionally connect with citizens and the staging of pseudo-events and hyperreal spectacles. With the growth of niche identity groups and the increasing intensity of partisanship politics has become fragmented and bipartisanship and consensus building has become difficult. These patterns seem incompatible with democracy. While postmodern politics offers hope that citizens might become involved in politics through the use of digital technologies, to date this has not occurred. The disturbing trend of postmodern politics is to make decision-making less transparent and less accountable and reduce the role of citizen to passive audience member.
A comparative analysis of general case simulation instruction and naturalistic instruction.

Abstract Effects of naturalistic instruction and simulation instruction for the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of housekeeping and janitorial work skills in young adults with moderate and severe mental retardation were assessed. The performance of the four participants (under the two methods of instruction for two job task sequences) was assessed using a multiple probe design across behaviors. Both the naturalistic and simulation instructional methods involved noninstructional probes, instruction sessions, generalization probes, and withdrawal of instruction. Results of noninstructional probes parallel to simulation instruction sessions indicated only a minimal improvement over initial (baseline) noninstructional probes. By contrast, noninstructional probes parallel to naturalistic instruction showed a marked improvement for all four participants with correct responding reaching or exceeding the 90% level. Naturalistic instruction was an effective means of producing skill acquisition, while generalization of the learned skill was marginal.