cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Searching the Western Culture Mentality From the Chinese Images in the Western Eyes

This paper searches the images of the Chinese in the eyes of the Western. First, it is the happy and peaceful Hyperboreans. Following, it is the beautiful golden sheeps wool tree and the Eastern Paradise. Lately, it is the richest and the most civilized area of the world. Last, it is the giant with clay feet and the yellow disaster and the red disaster .So, the Western have gone through the mentality trace from deifying to idealizing, and to smearing the images of the Chinese .No matter the Western mold what an image to the Chinese, it shows their yearning for, or worshiping, or fearing, or hostile mentality. Urged by the mentality of the Western, the image of the Chinese of vacillating now to the left, now to the right will last, and, the voice of getting touch with the Chinese and containing the Chinese will replace each other lastingly.
Mechanical support of respiration.

Advancing technology and accumulating knowledge of physiologic processes have combined, during the last decade, to bring mechanical ventilatory assistance to a high degree of perfection. It is most instructive, however, to trace the historical development and application of these concepts in order to understand present-day respiratory management.
Application of Novel Ice-Nucleation Activity to a Rapid Assay of Rhizobacteria Population Densities by “Tube-Freezing”

The heterologous expression of INA in Pseudomonas rhizobacteria was studied to follow the stability and expression of novel extrachromosomal elements during in vitro and in planta growth. Cloned DNA determining INA expression in INA+P. syringae and P. fluorescens was introduced conjugatively into a variety of non-INA P. fluorescens and P. putida originally isolated from plant roots. Expression of INA and nucleation frequency varied greatly among strains. Nucleation frequency was greater for cloned ice genes from P. syringae than from P. fluorescens. A strain of P. fluorescens was used to demonstrate the utility of applying “tube-freezing” techniques to the rapid determination of population densities on roots following rhizosphere colonization. With the vector used in this experiment, pRK404, INA was retained in approximately 10% of the population after seven doublings, as demonstrated by replica freezing. This technique can be readily adapted to distinguish major differences in colonization due to mutagenesis, other genetic alterations, environmental or host factors, and distribution on roots.
Effects of biochar and fertilizer management on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) feedstock and soil properties

ABSTRACTThe need for bioenergy is increasing with increase in global energy demand, and sustainable soil and fertilizer management practices for bioenergy feedstock production are gaining importance. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the effects of biochar and fertilizer nitrogen on soil and energy crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Giganteus). Sunflower plants were treated with three rates of biochar, control (0 Mg ha−1), low (25 Mg ha−1) and high (50 Mg ha−1), and three rates of fertilizers, 0% (control), 50% (low) and 100% (high) of the recommended nitrogen dose. Plant height, quality (chlorophyll content), biomass yield, feedstock energy, ash content and tissue nutrients were measured along with soil moisture and pH. Results showed an 11% increase in mean plant height under low biochar compared to control biochar-treated plants. High nitrogen treatment produced 26% and 18% more stalk and total above-ground plant (whole plant) biomass, respectively, compared to the control nitrogen treatmen...
Educating Dental Hygienists to Meet Future Health Care Needs and Roles of the Profession.

Across the United States, the role of the dental hygienist is evolving. As a result, the dental hygiene curriculum must expand from a traditional private practice focus to include other career pathways, such as providing direct access oral health care in alternative settings, practicing in
Global Standards in National Contexts: The Role of Transnational Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives in Public Sector Governance Reform

Multi-stakeholder initiatives (i.e., partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector) are an increasingly prevalent strategy promoted by multilateral, bilateral, and nongovernmental development organizations for addressing weaknesses in public sector governance. Global public sector governance MSIs seek to make national governments more transparent and accountable by setting shared standards for information disclosure and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, research on similar interventions implemented at the national or subnational level suggests that the effectiveness of these initiatives is likely to be mediated by a variety of socio-political factors. This dissertation examines the transnational evidence base for three global public sector governance MSIs—the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative, and the Open Government Partnership—and investigates their implementation within and across three shared national contexts—Guatemala, the Philippines, and Tanzania—in order to determine whether and how these initiatives lead to improvements in proactive transparency (i.e., discretionary release of government data), demand-driven transparency (i.e., reforms that increase access to government information upon request), and accountability (i.e., the extent to which government officials are compelled to publicly explain their actions and/or face penalties or sanction for them), as well as the extent to which they provide participating governments with an opportunity to project a public image of transparency and accountability, while maintaining questionable practices in these areas (i.e., openwashing). The evidence suggests that global public sector governance MSIs often facilitate gains in proactive transparency by national governments, but that improvements in demand-driven transparency and accountability remain relatively rare. Qualitative comparative analysis reveals that a combination of multi-stakeholder power sharing and civil society capacity is sufficient to drive improvements in proactive transparency, while the absence of visible, high-level political support is sufficient to impede such reforms. The lack of demand-driven transparency or accountability gains suggests that national-level coalitions forged by global MSIs are often too narrow to successfully advocate for broader improvements to public sector governance. Moreover, evidence for openwashing was found in one-third of cases, suggesting that national governments sometimes use global MSIs to deliberately mislead international observers and domestic stakeholders about their commitment to reform.%%%%International relations%%%%Public policy%%%%Political science%%%%global action networks, good governance, multi-stakeholder initiatives, social accountability, soft power, transparency%%%%School of International Service%%%%Degree Awarded: Ph.D. School of International Service. American University
Advances Afoot in Microbiology.

ABSTRACT In 2016, the American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium to examine point-of-care (POC) microbiology testing and to evaluate its effects on clinical microbiology. Colloquium participants included representatives from clinical microbiology laboratories, industry, and the government, who together made recommendations regarding the implementation, oversight, and evaluation of POC microbiology testing. The colloquium report is timely and well written (V. Dolen et al., Changing Diagnostic Paradigms for Microbiology, 2017, https://www.asm.org/index.php/colloquium-reports/item/6421-changing-diagnostic-paradigms-for-microbiology?utm_source=Commentary&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=diagnostics). Emerging POC microbiology tests, especially nucleic acid amplification tests, have the potential to advance medical care.
Glucose Determination by Enzyme Analysis

Enzyme analysis is used for many purposes in food science and technology, including to indicate adequate processing, to assess enzyme preparations, and to measure constituents of foods that are enzyme substrates. In this laboratory exercise, the glucose content of corn syrup solids is determined in a coupled reaction using the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide, which then reacts with a dye in the presence of peroxidase to give a stable-colored product that can be quantitated spectrophotometrically.
IGDB-2, an Ig/FNIII protein, binds the ion channel LGC-34 and controls sensory compartment morphogenesis in C. elegans

Sensory organ glia surround neuronal receptive endings (NREs), forming a specialized compartment important for neuronal activity, and reminiscent of glia-ensheathed synapses in the central nervous system. We previously showed that DAF-6, a Patched-related protein, is required in glia of the C. elegans amphid sensory organ to restrict sensory compartment size. LIT-1, a Nemo-like kinase, and SNX-1, a retromer component, antagonize DAF-6 and promote compartment expansion. To further explore the machinery underlying compartment size control, we sought genes whose inactivation restores normal compartment size to daf-6 mutants. We found that mutations in igdb-2, encoding a single-pass transmembrane protein containing Ig-like and fibronectin type III domains, suppress daf-6 mutant defects. IGDB-2 acts in glia, where it localizes to glial membranes surrounding NREs, and, together with LIT-1 and SNX-1, regulates compartment morphogenesis. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry demonstrates that IGDB-2 binds to LGC-34, a predicted ligand-gated ion channel, and lgc-34 mutations inhibit igdb-2 suppression of daf-6. Our findings reveal a novel membrane protein complex and suggest possible mechanisms for how sensory compartment size is controlled.
Developing Circadian Therapeutics Against Age-Related Metabolic Decline

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in metabolism and physiology throughout the body, and the complex physiological basis is not fully understood. A key intrinsic mechanism to safeguard our physiological well-being is the circadian clock, the biological timer that coordinates diverse essential processes. Epidemiological and genetic studies in the past two decades have established a crucial role of the clock system in metabolic homeostasis and physiological health. Accumulating evidence also points to a functional link between clock decline (e.g., amplitude dampening) and metabolic aging. In this chapter, we review a close relationship among energy homeostasis, aging and the circadian clock. We also describe the current efforts to identify novel small-molecule therapeutics that enhance circadian and metabolic functions. Given that a weakened clock is in part responsible for the metabolic deterioration during aging, such circadian-based therapeutics could be exploited to decelerate metabolic decline and ultimately promote healthy aging.
Metacommunication: A Re-Examination and Extension

The concept of “metacommunication” is examined in its historical context by noting the foundations of the concept. Then some of the conceptual ambiguities of the term are discussed with recommendat...
Evaluation of Metronidazole With and Without Enterococcus Faecium SF68 in Shelter Dogs With Diarrhea

Diarrhea is common in shelter dogs and nonspecific therapies like therapeutic diets, probiotics, and drugs with activity against Giardia spp. or enteric bacteria are commonly prescribed empirically. All dogs in this study were administered metronidazole, fed a standardized diet, and randomized to either receive a commercially available probiotic (Purina® Pro Plan® Veterinary Diets; FortiFlora® Probiotic Supplement, FortiFlora, Nestle Purina PetCare, St Louis, MO) or a placebo which was the commercial product without the probiotic for 7 days. A fecal score was assigned to each stool passed during the study by masked individuals. Fecal samples were evaluated for select enteric agents including nematodes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin before and at the end of the treatment period. There were no differences between groups in regard to parasite prevalence. By day 7, a normal stool (<5) was detected in 37.5% of the dogs administered metronidazole and 68.8% of the dogs administered dual therapy, but the result was not significant (P = .1556). The percentages of days with normal stools were significantly higher (P = .0496) for dogs administered dual therapy 65.6%) when compared to those administered metronidazole alone (46.9%). Giardia cysts were eliminated and diarrhea resolved in both dogs that were infected in the SF68 group. In contrast, of the 7 Giardia positive dogs in the placebo group, 6 (85.7%) were still positive for Giardia cysts on day 7, and 4 of those dogs still had diarrhea on day 7. Addition of SF68 to this protocol of metronidazole and a standardized diet appeared to enhance clinical responses in shelter dogs with diarrhea.
Immune Regulation in HCC and the Prospect of Immunotherapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide, and the prognosis remains poor. The currently available treatment protocols have not been able to affect the overall prognosis significantly. Immune processes have been shown to play a major role in tumorigenesis of HCC. The immune tolerance of the liver which allows liver transplant candidates to be maintained on minimal doses of immunosuppressants also contributes to HCC development and metastasis. This understanding has opened the scope of immune-based treatments in advanced HCC. Various preclinical and early clinical trials of immunotherapy in HCC, including immune checkpoint blockade, immune cell-based therapy, vaccination strategies, and combination of these approaches with conventional therapies, are ongoing. In this chapter, we discuss the immune regulation in HCC and the evolution of immune-based treatment approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Analgesic efficacy of meperidine hydrochloride used alone and in combination with promethazine hydrochloride: a double-blind, crossover study.

Initially, 51 consecutive patients who had undergone hemorrhoidectomy were included in a double-blind, cross-over study to determine whether or not 50 mg. of meperidine would provide postoperative analgesia equivalent to 100 mg. of meperidine when the 50 mg. of meperidine was supplemented with 50 mg. of promethazine. Postoperatively, 40 of the 51 patients completed the cross-over study, nine required only one analgesic dose, and two did not require any medication for the relief of pain.
Case 1: A Newborn with Absence of Right Forearm, Preauricular Pit, and an Infantile Hemangioma

A female infant is born at 35 weeks’ gestation to a 19-year-old Hispanic woman and a 21-year-old Hispanic man. The infant has a birthweight of 2,710 g (10th–25th percentile), length of 46.5 cm (10th–25th percentile), and head circumference of 34.1 cm (10th–25th percentile). Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes are 9 and 9, respectively. Her physical examination is remarkable for bilateral ear pits, absence of distal two-thirds of the right forearm and hand, and a stump with rudimentary fingers (Fig 1). Good range of motion was observed at the right elbow and shoulder. The left upper extremity and both lower extremities are normal. All her limbs have a good range of motion. No other dysmorphic features are present and the rest of her physical examination findings are unremarkable. A right extremity radiograph shows congenital absence of the right hand, with hypoplastic right forearm bones and a normal right humerus (Fig 2). Her nursery stay is uneventful and the patient is discharged with her mother. Figure 1. Physical findings seen in our patient. A. Hypoplastic right arm with absence of distal two-thirds of the right forearm and hand, with rudimentary fingers. B. Bilateral preauricular pits that were also present in the patient’s father. C. A superficial hemangioma in the vaginal area. Figure 2. A right arm radiograph shows congenital absence …
Asymmetric Mixtures: Common Conceptual Priorities for Social and Chemical Kinds.

Hypodescent is the phenomenon of categorizing biracial individuals asymmetrically (e.g., viewing Black-White biracial individuals as Black instead of White). We propose that hypodescent is explaine...
Therapist–Patient Demographic Profile Matching: A Movement Toward Performance-Based Practice:

Purpose:Patients of substance use disorder (SUD), who successfully complete the treatment programs recommended by their therapists, have better health outcomes than the vast majority who drop out i...
Objectivity, Scientificity, and the Dualist Epistemology of Medicine

This paper considers the view that medicine is both “science” and “art.” It is argued that on this view certain clinical knowledge – of patients’ histories, values, and preferences, and how to integrate them in decision-making – cannot be scientific knowledge. However, by drawing on recent work in philosophy of science it is argued that progress in gaining such knowledge has been achieved by the accumulation of what should be understood as “scientific” knowledge. I claim there are varying degrees of objectivity pertaining to various aspects of clinical medicine. Hence, what is often understood as constituting the “art” of medicine is amenable to objective methods of inquiry, and so, may be understood as “science”. As a result, I conclude that rather than endorse the popular philosophical distinction between the art and science of medicine, in the future a unified, multifaceted epistemology of medicine should be developed to replace it.
Hospital Structure and Professional Roles

Behavior therapy has made significant advances in the treatment of psychiatric patients since the mid-1960s. The opportunity to apply behavior therapy in psychiatric settings, however, depends on administrative factors within the settings. Because behavior therapy is a relative newcomer to hospital treatment, crosscuts usual professional boundaries, and contradicts aspects of the medical model, it does not readily “fit” in the psychiatric hospital structure. The collective experience of behavior therapists in psychiatric settings points to common organizational issues that may arise in the hospital practice of behavior therapy.
HIgh-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Defects and Disorder in Crystals

Recent developments in the techniques of high-resolution electron microscopy have allowed the direct visualization of heavy-atom positions in crystal lattices. The detailed structures of ordered phases and the atom configurations in planar, linear, and point defects have been indicated with a resolution of about 3 A for a number of oxides of niobium and mixed oxides containing titanium, zirconium, and tungsten. Much the same information is available for a number of minerals. Indications of the mechanism of phase transformation can be derived in some cases from studies on quenched samples or by observation of changes induced by electron irradiation. Some information can be obtained regarding the state of short-range order in relatively simple systems by the use of dark-field imaging techniques in combination with electron-diffraction observations.
Unpacking organizational awareness: scale development and empirical examinations in the context of distributed knowledge sharing

Organizational awareness has been viewed as a critical factor in facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing, particularly among dispersed workers. Drawing on the findings of three studies, we...
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Exclusionary School Discipline: Implications for Administrators Leading Discipline Reform Efforts:

School discipline and school safety are primary areas of concern for school administrators. This article summarizes the research literature regarding suspension in response to nonviolent and subjec...
A Guide to Practicum and Internship for School Counselors-in-Training

School counseling is a rather specialized field, yet students entering it do not have a single, comprehensive resource to guide them through the process. This text covers all aspects of the practicum and internship experience, from the initial contact with your supervisor to detailed descriptions of each of the different roles you will have, and will help you gain an understanding of the school culture and how to begin thinking about and developing your own philosophy of school counseling. Specific topics covered include popular counseling theories used by school counselors; working with special populations of students; application of the ASCA ethical standards; the administration of day-to-day tasks, such as arranging an office space and managing your time; and elements of the guidance curriculum, including individual student planning, responsive services, and systemic support. Each chapter contains activities, case studies, hypothetical situations, and worksheets designed to facilitate your understanding of and role in the profession. All material presented is consistent with both the CACREP accreditation standards and the American School Counseling Association’s National Model ®.
Unequal States, Unequal People: Fiscal Inequity and the Values of Federalism

The fields of regulatory federalism and fiscal federalism have developed largely in isolation from each other. Building on the new scholarship of federalism in the legal academy, this Article seeks to integrate the insights of the two areas. The financial dimension offers a crucial perspective for the problems of governmental organization at the heart of regulatory federalism. One of the most important elements of fiscal federalism, generally unappreciated in legal scholarship, is the vast disparity in the financial resources of the states. The United States stands alone among industrial federal systems in not seeking to equalize resources among the states. This fiscal inequity means that in fundamental ways states are not equal. Using the examples of education and health care, the Article demonstrates the significance of this inequality and how it threatens the protection of human rights and other values associated with federalism. The Article argues for a new approach to federalism that seeks to mitigate these inequalities, while continuing to benefit from the advantages of decentralization. The fiscal disparity among states demands attention, not because states have inherent dignity, but because the inequality of states diminishes the dignity of their people.
Integrating Intra-Speaker Topic Modeling and Temporal-Based Inter-Speaker Topic Modeling in Random Walk for Improved Multi-Party Meeting Summarization.

This paper proposes an improved approach of summarization for spoken multi-party interaction, in which intra-speaker and inter-speaker topics are modeled in a graph constructed with topical relations. Each utterance is represented as a node of the graph and the edge between two nodes is weighted by the similarity between the two utterances, which is topical similarity evaluated by probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). We model intra-speaker topics by sharing the topics from the same speaker and inter-speaker topics by partially sharing the topics from the adjacent utterances based on temporal information. We did experiments for ASR and manual transcripts. For both types of transcripts, experiments confirmed the efficacy of combining intraand inter-speaker topic modeling for summarization.
Sparse Covariance Estimation from Quadratic Measurements: A Precise Analysis

We study the problem of estimating a high-dimensional sparse covariance matrix, Σ 0 , from a finite number of quadratic measurements, i.e., measurements ${\text{a}}_i^T{\Sigma _0}{{\text{a}}_i}$ which are quadratic forms in the measurement vectors a i resulting from the covariance matrix, Σ 0 . Such a problem arises in applications where we can only make energy measurements of the underlying random variables. We study a simple LASSO-like convex recovery algorithm which involves a squared 2-norm (to match the covariance estimate to the measurements), plus a regularization term (that penalizes the l 1 −norm of the non-diagonal entries of Σ 0 to enforce sparsity). When the measurement vectors are i.i.d. Gaussian, we obtain the precise error performance of the algorithm (accurately determining the estimation error in any metric, e.g., 2-norm, operator norm, etc.) as a function of the number of measurements and the underlying distribution of Σ 0 . In particular, in the noiseless case we determine the necessary and sufficient number of measurements required to perfectly recover Σ 0 as a function of its sparsity. Our results rely on a novel comparison lemma which relates a convex optimization problem with "quadratic Gaussian" measurements to one which has i.i.d. Gaussian measurements.
Peer Influence on Physician Use of Shorter Course External Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients with Breast Cancer.

Abstract Purpose Social contagion among physicians may affect the dissemination of innovative and high-value cancer care. We applied social contagion theory to investigate the role of physician peer influence on the use of short courses of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for patients with breast cancer. Methods and Materials Using a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer, we constructed physician peer groups based on patient-sharing relationships. Outcomes were a patient’s receipt of (1) moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT after breast-conserving surgery and (2) short-course palliative EBRT for bone metastases. Using a longitudinal design, we used mixed-effects logistic regression to examine the association between physician peer group rate of short-course EBRT in 2011 to 2012 (T1) and patients’ receipt of short-course EBRT in 2013 to 2014 (T2). Results During T2, a total of 17,248 patients received adjuvant therapy (32.3% moderately hypofractionated) from 3235 physicians in 1202 physician peer groups. Compared with patients treated within peer groups in which no moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT was used in T1, patients treated by a physician in a peer group with higher T1 use of moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT were more likely to receive moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT in T2 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-2.54, vs adjusted odds ratio = 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.04-3.35, for peer groups where 21%-46% and 47%-100% of radiation oncologists used moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT in T1, respectively, compared with peer groups with no use of moderately hypofractionated adjuvant EBRT). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between T1 peer group use and T2 receipt of short-course palliative EBRT for bone metastases. Conclusions Physician peer groups significantly influenced use of short-course EBRT in adjuvant therapy but not in palliative therapy for patients with breast cancer.
1887-P: Intermittent Hypoxia Increased the Expressions of Interleukin (IL)-8, Osteonectin, and Myonectin via OCT1 and Nrf2 Binding to the Promoters in Muscle Cells

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation (intermittent hypoxia [IH]) and is a risk factor for insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms linking IH stress and insulin resistance remain elusive. We exposed human RD and mouse C2C12 muscle cells either to 70 cycles/24 h of IH (5 min hypoxia [1% O2]/10 min normoxia [21% O2]), mimicking SAS patients, or normoxia for 24 h, measured mRNA levels by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and found that IH significantly increased the mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), osteonectin (ON), and myonectin (MN). IL-8, ON, and MN in IH-treated RD cell medium were also increased (P Disclosure S. Takasawa: None. R. Shobatake: None. A. Itaya-Hironaka: None. M. Makino: None. S. Sakuramoto-Tsuchida: None. T. Uchiyama: None. H. Ota: None. A. Yamauchi: None.
Cobalt halide complexes of 2-, 3- and 4-methoxyaniline: syntheses, structures and magnetic behavior

Abstract A family of six cobalt(II) compounds of the general formula (nMeO-C6H4NH2)2CoX2, (X = Cl, Br; nMeO-C6H4NH2 = 2-MeO-, 3-MeO-, or 4-MeO-aniline) has been prepared and the compounds characterized by combustion analysis, IR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and variable temperature magnetization measurements [(n-MeOC6H4NH2)2CoX2, (1, n = 2, X = Cl; 2, n = 2, X = Br; 3, n = 3, X = Cl; 4, n = 3, X = Br; 5, n = 4, X = Cl; 6, n = 4, X = Br]. Although the six compounds crystallize in a variety of space groups, they are all isocoordinate. The compounds are slightly distorted tetrahedra. In all compounds, hydrogen bonds and short intermolecular X…Co contacts link the molecules into chains. For 3–6, short halide…halide contacts, in some cases short enough to be considered halogen bonds, further link the chains into layer structures. The complexes have also been studied via variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. All six compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic exchange and show maxima in χ in the range 2–5 K. They have been fit to a variety of models incorporating single-ion anisotropy (SIA), and/or Heisenberg or Ising 1D- and 2D-systems. The results indicate that both antiferromagnetic superexchange and SIA are likely present in all compounds to some degree, but their relative contributions vary greatly. The potential superexchange pathways are discussed in terms of the observed magnetic properties and structures.
What goes up must come down, part II: Consequences of jump strategy modification on dance leap landing biomechanics

Knee injuries are common in jumping athletes; modifying jump strategy may impact loads placed on the body and reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if modifying strategy in...
Locked in a Box: How Activist Art Affects Opinions about Solitary Confinement

Does exposure to activist political art influence citizens’ beliefs about solitary confinement? This research uniquely assesses the impact of exposure to an art exhibition on support for solitary c...
Reclaiming the chocolate city: Soundscapes of gentrification and resistance in Washington, DC:

In Washington, DC, Black residents have experienced unprecedented levels of cultural and physical displacement since 2000. Because of gentrification, the first “chocolate city,” long been defined b...
Metal-carbon bonding in perfluoroethylene and perfluorobenzene transition metal complexes. Some underappreciated π- and σ-acceptor components

Abstract The donor/acceptor components of metal-carbon bonds between perfluorinated ethylene (η2-C2F4), or perfluorobenzene (η6-C6F6), in representative transition metal complexes have been evaluated using density functional theory, coupled with energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV). Comparisons to their hydrocarbon analogs have also been made. Two families of compounds were studied; ML2(η2-C2X4) [M=Ni, Pd, Pt; L=CO, PH3, L2=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane; X=F, H] and ML3(η6-C6X6) [M=Cr, Mo, W; L=CO, PH3, L3=η6-C6H6; X=F, H]. As expected, η2-C2F4 is found to be a relatively weak σ-donor but a strong π-acceptor in the M-C-C plane; in addition, a mutually perpendicular π-acceptor component is revealed using EDA-NOCV. In compounds containing η6-C6F6, δ-backbonding dominates over π-donation and σ-donation is weak, but a significant σ-acceptor component has been revealed that is substantially stronger than σ-donation from the fluorinated ring, making η6-C6F6 a net σ-acceptor ligand. Analogous σ-acceptor properties of hydrocarbon arenes are insignificant.
Analysis and prediction of COVID-19 timeline and infection rates

The number of new cases of infection of the Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is alarming in many places in the world. In several world countries, including USA, the infection rates and daily cases numbers are fairly high; and there are even some spike increases in some USA states. Since the USA is experiencing the highest number of daily new cases in the world from May through July, the most important question is when we will witness an effective decline in the number of daily new cases? This paper follows a data-driven approach to induce the disease decline values from two country groups in the world where the disease declined already to less than 25% of its peak daily new cases. We apply these country groups' models to predict the decline to 25% of the US's peak. We compiled, examined, and analyzed pandemic data and statistics of two countries: g1: 42 countries, and g2: 14 countries. We utilize their data in the prediction of the decline timeline of the US. Group g2 consists of 14 countries having a similar number of cases per one million population. The majority of the models predict that the decline to 25% of the US's peak will be around the end of November to the first week of October. The results are significant and impressive as it is highly demanded to have clues and methods for the timeline prediction of this pandemic in the USA.
Kant’s foedus pacificum: Path to peace or prolegomena to neoliberalism and authoritarian corporatist globalization in contemporary liberal democratic states?

Immanuel Kant’s language and concept of foedus pacificum (league of peace) combined with his call for a spirit of trade promised a prescription for world peace—“seeking to end all wars forever.” Nation-state level cooperation between liberal democracies has borne out Kant’s analysis to some effect. A consequence of the twin pursuits of foedus pacificum and spirit of trade has ironically resulted in the exploitation of society. Today’s international corporations adversely affect public policies ostensibly designed to protect citizens through an anti-democratic market-based ideology within the State—as seen through the lenses of Foucauldian post-structural theory and Debord’s society of the spectacle. The author proposes that globalist-corporatist control of governing apparatuses is now exposed for its authoritarian tendencies. This action could result in the ultimate destruction of the representative democratic state with the onset of neoliberalism and authoritarianism.
MixerGAN: An MLP-Based Architecture for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation

While attention-based transformer networks achieve unparalleled success in nearly all language tasks, the large number of tokens coupled with the quadratic activation memory usage makes them prohibitive for visual tasks. As such, while language-to-language translation has been revolutionized by the transformer model, convolutional networks remain the de facto solution for image-to-image translation. The recently proposed MLP-Mixer architecture alleviates some of the speed and memory issues associated with attention-based networks while still retaining the long-range connections that make transformer models desirable. Leveraging this efficient alternative to self-attention, we propose a new unpaired image-to-image translation model called MixerGAN: a simpler MLP-based architecture that considers long-distance relationships between pixels without the need for expensive attention mechanisms. Quantitative and qualitative analysis shows that MixerGAN achieves competitive results when compared to prior convolutional-based methods.
A Hand-Controlled, 3D Ultrasound Guide and Measurement System

Three dimensional (3D) ultrasound images provide superior visualization of anatomical features than two dimensional (2D) power mode or frequency shift color Doppler B-scan ultrasound images. However, 3D data sets require transducer position measurements that can be problematic. One previously investigated approach completely automates transducer positioning and measurements with one dimensional motorized stages. Other system types permit full six degree-of-freedom (Dof) manual transducer manipulation while measuring all six axes. In contrast this work explores the middle ground of measuring the two degrees of freedom most important for free-hand scanning while fixing the remaining axes for minimized complexity.
Some Physiological Aspects of Emotional Stress

This paper reports on studies of the correlations of measures of affect, plasma corticoids (PC) and free fatty acids (FFA) in hypnotic state, while specific hypnotic instructions were given, and during anticipation of repetition of the experimental procedure. Under these experimental conditions the following specific interactions could be examined: 1. The relative magnitude and temporal sequence of PC and FFA changes. 2. The relationship of PC to the lipid mobilization of emotional stress (Cleghorn et al. 1972, Pinter et al. 1967a) as compared with the established role of catecholamines and the beta adrenergic receptors (Cleghorn et al. 1969, Pinter and Pattee 1967, Pinter et al. 1967b). 3. The relationship of measures of verbal anxiety and hostility to PC and FFA changes.
Plea Bargaining as Compromise

Dean Scott and Professor Stuntz provide an impressive defense of plea bargaining based on autonomy and efficiency-the best defense in the literature.1 They add proposals for reform along contractual lines. The editors must have thought that Professor Schulhofer and I would supply contrasting points of view in reply, as if law reviews should aspire to the format of television commentary. Our reactions must be a disappointment, for we agree on everything that Scott and Stuntz themselves view as novel about their article.
Dizziness in older people

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that dizziness is common in older people and the number of patients presenting with it will only continue to increase. The common forms of dizziness can be identified and treated, but for some patients a specific diagnosis cannot be made even after a thorough history and examination. It discusses that testing may help identify or quantify abnormalities but should be interpreted with caution in older patients, because abnormalities are common even among healthy older people without complaints of dizziness, thus lowering the diagnostic accuracy. The chapter also reviews that when developing new clinical tests or improving upon old ones, care should be taken to properly design the studies and report the results in a manner allowing the readers to assess the potential value of the test. The most important clinical issues in older patients are to identify the treatable causes of dizziness early, address any possible contributing factors, and take measures to prevent falls. The elderly person who falls is at high risk for a hip fracture, other disabling injury, and even death.
The land use patterns and the history of coffee in eastern Chiapas, Mexico

The role of coffee in the land usepatterns and decisions of eastern Chiapas looms as akey ingredient in the social and political relationsof this conflicted area. Data from the municipios of Ocosingo, Altamirano, and Las Margaritas – threedistricts generally associated with the January 1994uprising – reveal similarities and distinctdifferences in land use patterns involving coffee. Theintroduction and spread of coffee, as well as themarket and production changes related to this export-oriented sector can be linked to the colonists whosettled this remote region over the past severaldecades. The dynamics between grassrootscampesino producer organizations and the state'snow-defunct National Coffee Institute (INMECAFE)helped set the stage for the economic challenges thatfell full force upon the residents in the area in 1994and beyond.
“The Martiniad”: Nick Shay as Embedded Author within Don DeLillo's Underworld

Nick Shay functions as embedded author and implied narrator within DeLillo's Underworld. Nick creates an origin myth (what I call “The Martiniad”) involving Cotter and Manx Martin to account for the missing first link of the Thomson homerun ball's provenance on October 3, 1951. This invention provides an imaginative forum to reenact, revise, and work through formative traumas and fantasies from Nick's past, principally unresolved tensions with his deadbeat dad.
De aquí pa’llá y de allá pa’cá: Los “toques” de la migración en la bomba puertorriqueña

This article studies how blackness is reformulated in Puerto Rico through the new movement of Puerto Rican Bomba. Focuses on the effects of the constant movement of Puerto Ricans between the archipelago and the Puerto Rican diaspora in the United States. Bomba is a music genre first developed in Puerto Rico with the arrival of the Africans who were brought during the slave trade in the sixteenth century. Today, the proliferation of Bomba groups and schools has mushroomed. This text seeks to contribute to the understanding of racial dynamics, question and explore the constructions of race in Puerto Rican music. The music contrasts the racial imaginary Afro Puerto vis-a-vis the national discourse on Blackness. The analysis approaches issues of nation, identity, race, music and gender from theories of racialization and the diaspora.
The Movement to the Far West During the Decade of the Sixties

"The present paper deals in a rather impressionistic fashion with the movement to the far west during the decade of the sixties. This decade has a special interest because it witnessed a westward movement which was surprisingly continuous in spite of a civil war, and because the completion of the first transcontinental railroad at the close of the decade wrought a great change in the conditions of life in the far west. The paper presents a general view of the volume, motives, and characteristics of the migrations of this period, together with some account of the services of communications and transportation."
Government programs and the growth of high-technology industries

Abstract The research reported in this article was carried out as part of a larger prefect investigating the impact of the US Space Program on the American economy. The author describes the influence of governmental programs in space and defense on the growth of the computer and semiconductor industries. Three types of economic impacts are analyzed: the role of the federal government in financing research and development; the importance of the government as a market, particularly in the early stages of an industry's growth; and the extent to which government policy encouraged the entrance of new firms and permitted the survival of companies that might otherwise have failed. The paper also deals with the contribution of Defense and NASA to the acceleration of technological changes and the development of specialized manpower on which the progress of the industry largely depended. The author concludes that large government programs can play an essential role in the growth of high technology industries. The significance of space-defense programs for US semiconductor and computer firms can only be perceived by reviewing each type of impact-economic, technological and manpower. The government's early R & D support, assured demand during startup periods, encouragement of competition, acceleration of technological progress and its facilitating of professional mobility, are the separate impacts which together greatly aided US firms in their rise to a dominant position in the world semiconductor and computer industries.
Ordered DNA arrays prepared via soft lithography

This paper reports progress in an approach to create a general purpose platform to be used in the reproducible assembly of molecular electronic devices. We describe a method in which DNA molecules were immobilized on patterned neutravidin surfaces. First, a silicon wafer was functionalized with (3- aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to produce an amine-terminated surface. The primary amine group was then reacted with the heterobifunctional linker molecule succinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)hexanoate which placed an active biotin group at the surface interface. These biotinylated surfaces were then patterned with the tetrameric protein neutravidin using microcontact printing (μCP) with relief features in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps. The neutravidin proteins adsorb onto the surface and bind nearly irreversibly to one or two biotin groups leaving at least two biotin binding sites on each protein available for conjugation. Following neutravidin stamping, 1 μm long DNA molecules functionalized on one end with biotin were attached to the patterned areas. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements were used to characterize wettability changes of the silicon surfaces for amine and biotin functionalization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image the patterns of immobilized neutravidin and DNA.
Neuregulin 1 is a pronociceptive cytokine that is regulated by progesterone in the spinal cord: implications for sex specific pain modulation.

Abstract Sex differences in the magnitude of response to thermal and tactile stimuli have been demonstrated in both clinical and animal studies. Females typically display lower threshold responses to painful stimuli as compared to males. We have previously observed sexually dimorphic expression of the growth factor, neuregulin 1 (NRG1) following L5 nerve root ligation (LR) in male and female rats. In the present study, we sought to determine which gonadal hormones were involved in regulating NRG1 expression following L5 nerve root ligation. We observed that expression of NRG1 mRNA and the neuregulin receptors, ErbB2 and ErbB4 in the lumbar spinal cord was facilitated by the presence of progesterone in female rats following L5 nerve root ligation. An increase in NRG1 protein and NRG1 immunoreactivity was also observed in the ipsilateral spinal cord of progesterone treated female rats as compared to ovariectomized female rats and male rats at day 14 following LR. NRG1 immunoreactivity was equally colocalized with either the astrocytic marker, GFAP, and with NeuN labeled neurons 14 days following L5 nerve root ligation. Intrathecal administration of recombinant NRG1-β1 protein significantly decreased the hindpaw tactile withdrawal threshold in male rats, ovariectomized female rats, and progesterone treated female rats. These results demonstrate a role for progesterone-dependent regulation of glial and/or neuronal neuregulin 1 in female rats in mediating sex differences in nociception. Furthermore, our results suggest that NRG1 may be involved in central sensitization during the maintenance phase, but not in the initiation of persistent pain in female rats.
Geometry of Proterozoic sutures in the central Rocky Mountains from seismic reflection data: Cheyenne belt and Farwell Mountain structures

[1] Seismic reflection data show ∼40° S-dipping reflectors that extend from the Cheyenne belt (CB-Archean-Proterozoic suture) to 20 km depths, and profound differences in crustal reflectivity across the suture zone, which is itself imaged as an interwedging boundary. Archean crust has a Moho reflection (at 40 km) and abundant upper crustal reflectivity; Proterozoic crust has no Moho reflection and is distinctly less reflective. Reflective zones south of the Cheyenne belt include 40° S- and N-dipping reflections that extend from the Farwell Mountain zone to 20 km depths; these are interpreted to be a complex cryptic suture zone between the 1.78–1.76 Ga Green Mountain block and 1.75–1.72 Ga Rawah block.