cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B2-12: A systems biology approach for the discovery of differentiation therapeutics

Accurately assessing the changes in cellular differentiation status in response to drug treatments or genetic manipulations is crucial for understanding the tumorigenesis process and developing novel therapeutics for human cancer. Here we have developed a novel systems biology approach, called the Lineage Maturation Index (LMI), to define the changes in differentiation state of cancer cells based on their gene expression profiles. We have been focusing on hematopoietic malignancies, but this approach is applicable to many human cancer types. We define the expression profile of N genes within a cell to be a point in an N-dimensional space. A lineage vector is derived from a progenitor cell (such as a hematopoietic stem cell) to a mature cell (such as a granulocyte) based on the expression of these N genes. By projecting the expression profile of an unknown cell onto the lineage vector, an LMI can be computed for the differentiation state of this specific cell. Upon drug treatments or genetic manipulations, a shift in LMI from stem cells towards mature cell types indicates differentiation. We have confirmed that the LMI approach can track the differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells. We have further shown that differentiation is a major consequence of various targeted therapies against leukemia irrespective of the driving oncogenes. Most importantly, we have used this approach to analyze the Connectivity Map HL60 leukemia data set for drugs that can induce leukemia cells to differentiate. In addition to drugs known to have differentiation activities (such as all-trans retinoic acid and etoposide), we discovered that several novel drugs (such as dihydroergotamine, mebendazole, and clonidine) have potent differentiation activities in leukemia cells. Currently, we are expanding our study into multiple types of solid tumors, such as breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Our LMI approach is highly robust in characterizing differentiation of the cancer cells and discovering novel differentiation therapies for human cancer. Citation Format: Yulin Li, Jun Seita, Dean Felsher, David L. Dill. A systems biology approach for the discovery of differentiation therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B2-12.
Femtosecond IR Studies of Solvation by Probing the Solvent

The response of solvent to the change of solute charge or dipole has been intensely studied in recent years[l]. In previous solvation experiments, time dependent fluorescence Stokes shifts of dye molecules in different solvents were measured, enabling the determination of solvation times[1,2]. Both molecular dynamics simulations and various theories have been used to relate these solvation times to solvent motions[3,4,5]. In this paper, we report the observation of solvent responses in the solvation of LDS 750 by directly monitoring the solvent vibrational spectral change, which can be more readily compared to theories and simulations. It was recently demonstrated[6] that a large change in a solute’s permanent dipole moment strongly perturbs the vibrational spectrum of surrounding solvent molecules.
The integrated MetaNet architecture: a switch-based multimedia LAN for parallel computing and real-time traffic

This work presents a coherent system solution for combining with no loss due to congestion, on one hand, bursty traffic with unpredictable pattern in time and space, and on the other hand, periodic real-time or connection-oriented traffic with bandwidth guaranteed requirements over fixed routes. This solution facilitates the implementation of a scalable high performance multimedia system for distributed/parallel computing with real-time interactive voice and video. The MetaNet real-time traffic has the following attributes: (1) guaranteed bandwidth with bounded delay, (2) fixed jitter-independent of the network size, (3) no loss due to congestion inside the network, (4) fixed path routing with FIFO order, and (5) support of complex periodicity scheduling. At the same time, the underlying MetaNet asynchronous (bursty) traffic properties (provided by previous works) remain unchanged. Namely, any node can try to transmit asynchronously (bursty traffic), without reservation as much as it can, and the network access and flow control ensure the following traditional LAN properties: (6) no loss with a single input buffer, (7) fair and deadlock-free access, and (8) self-routing with broadcast. The self-routing on the MetaNet is a variant of deflection routing. It makes on-line routing decisions based on the local flow of traffic (load conditions). Unlike other deflection techniques, the MetaNet routing is along a global sense of direction, which guarantees that cells will reach their destinations. Thus, this method is called convergence routing. >
Biological Effects of Microwave Exposure–An Overview*

AbstractIn October, 1968 the U.S. Congress passed, and former President Johnson signed, Public Law 90–602, The Electronic Products Control Law. To carry out the provisions of this law the Bureau of Radiological Health (BRH) of the United States Public Health Service was given the responsibility of setting standards and maintaining surveillance over all electronic products that may emit hazardous levels of electromagnetic radiation. In addition to the problem of ionizing radiation, a very large area of concern involves exposure to microwaves. The exact nature of the biologic effects of microwaves is not completely understood. Although most of the experimental data support the concept that the effects of microwave exposure are primarily a response to local or general hyperthermia, there are large areas of confusion, uncertainty and actual misinformation. This paper reviews the present state of knowledge on biologic effects of microwaves and attempts to (1) differentiate between the known and substantiated f...
Capital Market Theory and Portfolio Risk Measures

This chapter is a continuation and extension of modern portfolio theory presented in Chapter 3, with an emphasis on risk measures and risk management of a portfolio. It introduces the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), linear factor models, and several approaches to portfolio risk measures such as value-at-risk, conditional value-at-risk and the concept of coherent risk measures, as well as a variety of portfolio evaluation techniques such as the alpha and beta, the Sharpe ratio, the Sortino ratio and maximum drawdown. The introduction to factor models is brief and from intuitive perspective.
Untutored acquisition in content classrooms

In the United States, the 1990s witnessed levels of immigration that had not been seen since the early years of the twentieth century, and high levels of immigration have continued in the first years of the twenty-first century. As a result of continuing immigration, as well as a high birth rate among immigrant populations, the United States has become increasingly diverse linguistically. The increase in the Spanish-speaking population was particularly striking. According to the US Bureau of the Census, the number of persons aged 5 and older who claimed to speak Spanish at home grew from 17,862,477 in 1990 to 28,101,052 in 2000, an increase of more than 57 per cent (US Bureau of the Census 2003). The growth of the Spanish-speaking population has continued unabated in the twenty-first century.
Computational Metabolomics: A Framework for the Million Metabolome.

“Sola dosis facit venenum.” These words of Paracelsus, “the dose makes the poison”, can lead to a cavalier attitude concerning potential toxicities of the vast array of low abundance environmental chemicals to which humans are exposed. Exposome research teaches that 80–85% of human disease is linked to environmental exposures. The human exposome is estimated to include >400,000 environmental chemicals, most of which are uncharacterized with regard to human health. In fact, mass spectrometry measures >200,000 m/z features (ions) in microliter volumes derived from human samples; most are unidentified. This crystallizes a grand challenge for chemical research in toxicology: to develop reliable and affordable analytical methods to understand health impacts of the extensive human chemical experience. To this end, there appears to be no choice but to abandon the limitations of measuring one chemical at a time. The present review looks at progress in computational metabolomics to provide probability-based annota...
Parapharyngeal Schwannoma of the Mandibular Nerve Associated With Auditory Changes

We present a case of a parapharyngeal schwannoma of the mandibular nerve with intraosseous extension into the mandible. The initial symptoms included decreased auditory acuity, with subsequent magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of Eustachian tube obstruction. This represents a rare symptom of schwannomas of the mandibular nerve. Owing to the degree of bony expansion and cortical thinning of the adjacent mandibular ramus, concern existed for a pathologic fracture. Treatment involved complete excision of the lesion using hemimandibulectomy with second stage reconstruction. The patient noted resolution of the preoperative symptoms. No sign of recurrence of the schwannoma was noted at the 2-year mark.
Active interrogation source based on deuteron reactions

Simulations of secondary neutron and gamma-ray production from the 11B(d,n)12C and 27Al(d,n)28Si reactions were conducted using an MCNPX extension called MCUNED. MCUNED enables simulation of deuteron-based nuclear reactions. Deuteron libraries from the TENDL-2010 and TENDL-2011 packages were used. The simulated neutron and gamma-ray spectra were compared to experimental results provided by Taddeucci et al. and Massey et al. The method was found to be capable of simulating neutron production from 11B(d,n)12C and 27Al(d,n)28Si, and gamma-ray production from 27Al(d,n)28Si, but not gamma-ray production from 11B(d,n)12C. The TENDL libraries appear to be more reliable for higher mass targets because of the characteristics of the Talys code.
Clinical detection of mutation carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in perspective: is cardiac imaging the crystal ball of the cardiologist?

Sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease, phenotypically affecting at least 0.2% (1: 500) of the general adult population. It results from mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, transmitted in an autosomal dominant inherited pattern, with incomplete penetrance and variable expression .1,2 Though the classical diagnosis of HCM is based on the detection of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by imaging techniques,3,4 in the last decades the role of genetic diagnosis has increased. As a consequence of the hereditary nature of the disease, family screening of first-degree relatives of HCM patients is mandatory, allowing not only the diagnosis of new patients with the classical LVH phenotype, but also of mutation carriers of the disease. Although contemporary studies suggest a benign clinical course for most mutation carriers (with no phenotype at all or with a non-hypertrophic phenotype) these individuals should have, first, clinical surveillance—because of the age-related penetrance character of HCM a normal clinical evaluation does not exclude the possibility of disease development in the future-secondly, individualized pre-participation screening and, thirdly, receive reproductive advice, explaining the possibility of disease propagation. 1,2 There are two different strategies of family screening in HCM, the genetic cascade and the clinical cascade .1,2 In the genetic cascade, the identification of a disease causing mutation in an index patient allows the screening of first-degree relatives for that specific mutation, discharging genotype negative individuals and focusing resources on clinical/imaging surveillance of genotype positive (G+) individuals. The clinical cascade uses the electrocardiogram (ECG) …
Bolus clearance in esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction is associated with strength of peristalsis

Background A manometric diagnosis of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) without a mechanical cause creates a therapeutic conundrum. The aim of this study was to assess esophageal bolus clearance in EGJOO and assess manometric factors associated with clearance in EGJOO. Methods Bolus clearance was assessed using line-tracing method and contour method to determine Complete Bolus Transit (CBT) and Functional Clearance (FC), respectively, on combined High-Resolution Impedance Manometry (HRIM). HRIM studies of EGJOO patients, as well as a sample of achalasia types I-III and asymptomatic controls, were retrospectively analyzed. In EGJOO, associations between Integrated Relaxation Pressure (IRP) or Distal Contractile Integral (DCI) and clearance were assessed using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. Key Results Seventy-five EGJOO, 28 achalasia, and 11 normal subjects were included. Agreement between CBT and FC was good (Kappa=0.75). CBT across swallows in each group was as follows: type I achalasia: 14%, type II achalasia: 8%, type III achalasia: 61%, EGJOO: 86%, and normal: 98% (p values .023, .006, and 610 mmHg-s-cm (accuracy 87.7%, P=.004). Complete Bolus Transit( CBT) across individual swallows was 97.8% when DCI>884 mmHg-s-cm (accuracy 81.9%, P<.0001). IRP was poorly associated with bolus clearance. Conclusions & Inferences Bolus clearance in EGJOO is impaired compared to normal, but not as severely as in achalasia. In idiopathic EGJOO, weak peristalsis is associated with poor bolus clearance. Bolus transit appears to be unimpaired when DCI>900 mmHg-s-cm.
Sickle cell disease and implementation science: A partnership to accelerate advances

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results in end organ damage and a shortened lifespan. Both the pathophysiology of the disease and the social determinants of health affect patient outcomes. Randomized controlled trials have been completed among this population and resulted in medical advances; however, the gestation of these advances and the lack of penetrance into clinical practice have limited advancements in clinical improvements for many people with SCD. We discuss the role of implementation science in SCD and highlight the need for this science to shorten the length of time to implement evidence-based care for more people with SCD.
Degradation of Filamin in Aged Pork Loins Classified by High and Low Star Probe Values

Filamin is necessary to maintain the integrity of muscle structure. Postmortem degradation of filamin results in loss of organizational structure at the Z-disk and improves meat tenderness. Intact and degraded filamin was successfully identified in aged pork loin. The removal of amino acids to form this degradation product is likely the first cleavage of intact filamin observed in postmortem muscle. A significant decrease in abundance of intact filamin in low star probe (SP) value samples demonstrates that degradation of filamin varies when aging period and pH are similar. Filamin degradation was significantly different in SP groups, suggesting that filamin proteolysis and formation of degradation products may have an impact on the SP values of aged pork loin.
Antiserum to myosin and its use in studying myosin synthesis and accumulation during myogenesis.

Publisher Summary In spite of the diversity of non-muscle cells, which have been shown to synthesize myosin or myosin-like peptides, it remains appropriate and indeed extremely useful to focus on myosin polypeptides as unique markers for terminal myogenesis. The basis for continuing to use myosin as a marker is the immunological specificity of myosin peptides and the lack of cross-reactivity of antibodies prepared for skeletal muscle myosin with myosins from other cell types. Terminal myogenesis involves (1) withdrawal of myoblasts from the cell cycle, (2) fusion of these myoblasts to form the embryonic myotube or precursor to the cross-striated muscle fiber, and (3) the initiation of the synthesis of unique peptides of myofibril. In some cases, the synthesis of unique peptides may occur prior to cell fusion, but fusion remains one of the major morphological markers for terminal skeletal muscle cell differentiation in most experimental systems. Myosin is the major structural protein of skeletal muscle and measurement of its synthesis and accumulation has been used in vivo and in vitro as a biochemical marker for the transition of the myoblast or myotube to the fully differentiated state. Although antimyosin has been used to quantitate myosin synthesis during normal myogenesis in vitro and in vivo, one of the more valuable uses of this antibody has been in the determination of myosin synthesis in unfused myogenic cells.
Models for Assessing Vulnerability in Imperfect Sensor Networks

We examine a directed network on which sensors exist at a subset of the nodes. At each node, a target (e.g., an intruder in a physical network, a fire in a building, or a virus in a computer network) may or may not exist. Sensors detect the presence of these targets by monitoring the nodes at which they are located and all nodes adjacent from their positions. However, in practical settings a limited-cardinality subset of sensors might fail. A failed sensor may report false positives or negatives and, as a result, the network owner may not be able to ascertain whether or not targets exist at some nodes. If it is not possible to deduce whether or not a target exists at a node with a given set of sensor readings, then the node is said to be ambiguous. We show that a network owner must solve a series of combinatorial optimization problems to determine which nodes are ambiguous. Furthermore, we determine the worst-case number of ambiguous nodes by optimizing over the set of all sensor readings that could possibly arise. We also present mathematical programming formulations for these problems under varying assumptions on how sensors fail, and on what assumptions a network owner makes on how sensors fail. Our computational results illustrate how these varying assumptions impact the number of ambiguous nodes.
In-Use Emissions from 2010-Technology Heavy-Duty Trucks

Introduction of a selective catalytic reduction system for heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) has substantially reduced emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). However, it was found that in-use NOx emissions measured from three 2010-technology HDDTs were higher than the certification standard and higher than the levels measured during engine certification. In-use NOx emissions from three HDDTs tested over chassis dynamometer cycles were 1.7 to 9 times higher than the NOx certification standard of 0.20 grams per brake horsepower-hour, and the emissions measured with a portable emissions measurement system over highway test routes were up to five times higher than the certification standard. Such high in-use NOx emissions occurred primarily during low-speed operations (25 mph or less). This is a concern in California because more than 50% of running-exhaust NOx emissions from HDDTs will occur during low-speed operations that constitute only 11% of total vehicle miles traveled by 2025. This substantial contribu...
PZT lateral bimorph array stator based ultrasonic micromotor

Ultrasonic motors generally require high contact force to clamps surfaces. These surfaces are actuated by high forces generated by ultrasonic transducers, typically operating at resonance frequencies. Many actuator types have been explored, the most common being out-of-plane bimorphs. In this paper, we implement a motor utilizing an array of lateral PZT bimorphs. The lateral bimorphs, with vertical slots result in a x-shape motion that can couple into a rotor. The design space of the lateral bimorphs enables lower frequency operation in the 15–40kHz. The lower frequency, as compared to other micromachined motors, allows for higher tip motion coupling to a rotor. The X-shape motion has been used to rotate 3D-printed rotor.
Detonation-to-shock wave transmission at a contact discontinuity

The one-dimensional interaction of a detonation wave with a contact discontinuity was investigated analytically and experimentally for oxyhydrogen detonations. The analytical and experimental results showed that the transmitted shock through the contact surface and into a non-combustible gas can either be amplified or attenuated depending on the reflection type at the contact surface and on the ratio of acoustic impedance across it. Experiments were performed with a detonation-driven shock tube facility to determine the transmitted shock velocity into a non-combustible He/air mixture. The oxyhydrogen equivalence ratio in the detonation section was varied from 0.5 to 1.5, and the driven section He mole fraction was varied from 0.0 to 1.0 to test a broad range of acoustic impedance ratios ranging from approximately 0.36 to 1.69. The analytical results were shown to have acceptable agreement with the measured transmitted shock wave velocity in the case of a reflected rarefaction from the contact surface. Additionally, the results indicated that the detonation wave reaction zone properties could have an important role that influences the transmitted shock properties in the case of a reflected shock from the contact surface.
On the Equation xn+yn=nzn

(1909). On the Equation xn+yn=nzn. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3-4.
MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO MISSILE SYSTEM DESIGN

Abstract Vector optimization techniques are receiving increased emphasis based on their ability to incorporate competing and non-commensurate objectives, and their relative ease of implementation on the computer. This effort describes the modeling and subsequent simulation in an application which utilizes computer aided techniques to synthesize alternative configurations of a system. A state space mathematical model of a generic missile is developed utilizing a six-degree-of-freedom simulation to aid in parameter identification. A set of performance measures including cost, range, reliability and effectiveness are developed in terms of the state space model variables. A set of resource constraints are added to reflect realism in the application. The model is then nested inside a vector optimization technique on a digital computer. This methodology produces mathematically non-dominated missile designs in terms of the performance measures in a computationally efficient matter and facilitates an interaction between engineer/analyst and decision maker on the project.
Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Glucocorticoid Actions

Glucocorticoids are the only effective antiinflammatory therapy for asthma. Recently new insights have been gained into the molecular mechanisms of their antiinflammatory effects. Asthma is characterized by the increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes that are regulated by proinflammatory transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB, which activate coactivator molecules that switch on gene transcription through acetylation of core histones. Glucocorticoids suppress the multiple inflammatory genes that are activated in asthmatic airways mainly by reversing histone acetylation through binding of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) to coactivators and recruitment of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) to the activated inflammatory gene complex. Activated GR also bind to promoters of certain genes to activate their transcription, resulting in expression of antiinflammatory proteins, such as MKP-1, which inhibits MAP kinase signaling pathways. Glucocorticoid receptors may also interact with other recognition sites to inhibit transcription, for example of several genes linked to their side effects.
Circulating biomarkers and outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti-PD1 (program death 1 receptor) monoclonal antibodies.

e20592Background: Current evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of PDL-1 (program death receptor 1 ligand) can select some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who may benefit from an...
On the Choice of Momentum Control Variables and Covariance Modeling for Mesoscale Data Assimilation

AbstractFor mesoscale variational data assimilation with high-resolution observations, there has been an issue concerning the choice of momentum control variables and related covariance modeling. T...
Development of metal organic cluster EUV photoresists

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, using 13.5 nm radiations, is almost ready for high volume manufacturing. EUV lithography is expected to be the main technology for manufacturing leading-edge devices and continuous improvement of lithography performance is still needed. We have developed several metal oxide containing resists and recently focused on metal organic cluster photoresists with controlled size distribution. In this paper, material properties and lithography performance of our new metal organic cluster photoresists are discussed.
P333 An Unusual Case- Ascites in a two year old child

Aims Ascites in the paediatric population is very rare with no known prevalence. This case of ascites secondary to portal vein thrombosis demonstrates the work up required and complications that can occur. Methods DH a previously healthy 2 year old boy presented with 3 week history of increased abdominal distention. He was clinically well with no anorexia, dyspnoea or discomfort. He had a normal urine output and bowel habit. No past medical history of note. On examination, he was a happy, well child with normal hydration status. His weight was 14.7 kg (91st-99th centile). His abdominal exam revealed marked distention; umbilicus everted & enlarged abdominal girth of 60 cm. Tense ascites present with positive fluid thrill. His bloods, including coagulation screen and liver function tests, were all normal. Ultrasound scan of liver showed cavernous transformation of left portal vein, splenomegaly and large volume ascites. Results He was diagnosed with a portal vein thrombosis (PVT), this is a cause of ascites in 6 per 1,000 children[1]. The PVT aetiology was investigated analysing for intrinsic & extrinsic coagulation defects, intra-abdominal infection & congenital abnormalities. These analyses were normal with diagnosis PVT of unknown cause; over 50% of cases have no known aetiology[2]. DH had complications including ascites, splenomegaly & an oesophageal varix. He will need regular OGD follow up to check if change to varix or development of new varices, 79% of children with PVT have one upper gastrointestinal bleed in their lives[3]. Conclusion Ascites is an unusual presentation with specific investigations. PVT is a rare cause of ascites with complications that require investigation. [1] Karnasakul W, Thammasin I et al. Ascites in Children: A Single-Centre Experience of 27 years. Journal Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, 64 (1),, 83–88. 2017 [2] Weiss B, Shteyer E, Vivante A, Berkowitz D, Reif S, Weizman Z, Bujanover Y, Shapiro R. Etiology and long-term outcome of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 ;16:4968–72. [3] Ferri, Menezes P., et al. Portal vein thrombosis in children and adolescents: 20 years experience of a pediatric hepatology reference center. Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, 49(1), 69–76. 2012
Privacy-aware synthesis of sensing data based on learning model at metropolitan scale: poster abstract

With development of ubiquitous urban sensory infrastructures, large scale human mobility data have various applications and benefits in mobile networking and urban planning. Demands for sharing these sensing data to research communities have proliferated causing concerns over privacy. Traditional privacy solution is to apply comprehensive perturbation at feature level, which may results in significant utility loss. In this paper, we propose a learning-based generative model with designed classifiers to generate realistic synthetic mobility data with privacy protection at label/system property level. With two plug-in classifiers, i.e., privacy classifier and utility classifier, the trade-off between sensitive and non-sensitive mobility properties would be balanced with customization. To validate the performance, we implement our model based on the urban-scale cellphone data from the Shenzhen city as a case study. The resilience of smart attacks is tested and potential applications are pictured for this semi-supervised learning-based model.
Using a Model of Germ-Free Animals to Study the Impact of Gut Microbiome in Research: A Step by Step Sterility Setting and Management

The particularly unique composition of the gut microbiota has the potential to influence the health or disease status of animal and human hosts. Altering the homeostasis of the host-bacteria could lead to changes in gut flora that result in disease or activation of a specific immunological response, which could explain the variations observed in patient responses to current therapies. A standardized model is crucial for studying the influence of the gut microbiota on therapeutic modalities. A step by step mouse model and sterility management system that compares a control strain of C57BL/6 mice to the established C57BL/6 germ-free (GF) strain has been developed. The GF BL/6 mouse phenotype is well established, and the anatomical differences between the GF and control mice were evident in this model. This method could be applied to research studies investigating the microbiome impact, the response to various therapies, or disease transfer via fecal transplants. A standardized sterility maintenance method is crucial in this context.
Information Technology-Assisted Screening for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to design and implement a novel, universally offered, computerized clinical decision support (CDS) gonorrhea and chlamydia (GC/CT) screening tool embedded in the emergency department (ED) clinical workflow and triggered by patient-entered data. Methods The study consisted of the design and implementation of a tablet-based screening tool based on qualitative data of adolescent and parent/guardian acceptability of GC/CT screening in the ED and an advisory committee of ED leaders and end users. The tablet was offered to adolescents aged 14–21 years and informed patients of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention GC/CT screening recommendations, described the testing process, and assessed whether patients agreed to testing. The tool linked to CDS that streamlined the order entry process. The primary outcome was the patient capture rate (proportion of patients with tablet data recorded). The secondary outcomes included rates of patient agreement to GC/CT testing and provider acceptance of the CDS. Results Outcomes at the main and satellite EDs, respectively, were as follows: 1-year patient capture rates were 64.6% and 64.5%; 9.9% and 4.4% of patients agreed to GC/CT testing, and of those, the provider ordered testing for 73% and 72%. Conclusions Implementation of this computerized screening tool embedded in the clinical workflow resulted in patient capture rates of almost two-thirds and clinician CDS acceptance rates >70% with limited patient agreement to testing. This screening tool is a promising method for confidential GC/CT screening among youth in an ED setting. Additional interventions are needed to increase adolescent agreement for GC/CT testing.
Making Meaning of the Mid-Level Administrator Roles in International Student Service Centers

This study explores how mid-level administrators working in international student service centers make meaning of their roles and perceive the support their institutions provide. Utilizing critical...
Cultural Parameters and Their Influence on Emotions

“Cultural parameters and their influence on emotions” presents an overview of many cultural dimensions, which have impact on conceptualization of emotional life, the people’s experience and expression of emotions across cultures. These are collectivism versus individualism, power distance, gender roles equality versus gender roles inequality (cultural femininity-masculinity), immediacy, context differentiation, temporal dimensions of cultures, reaction to ambiguity and uncertainty, survival and self-expression values of societies, relational mobility, embeddedness versus autonomy, hierarchy versus egalitarianism, and mastery versus harmony.
State-specific prevalence of current e-cigarette use by disability status and disability type-United States, BRFSS 2016-2018.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The tobacco product landscape has diversified to include electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Adults with disabilities are more likely than adults without disabilities to smoke cigarettes, but within the current body of literature, there is limited information on the use of e-cigarettes among adults with disabilities. Objective To assess overall and state-specific prevalence of current e-cigarette use among adults by disability status, disability type, sex, and age. Methods Disability was defined as having serious difficulty with vision, hearing, mobility, cognition, or any difficulty with self-care or independent living. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System cross-sectional survey data (2016–2018; n = 1,150,775) were used to estimate state and District of Columbia prevalence of current e-cigarette use among adults (aged ≥18 years) with and without disabilities, overall and by disability type, sex, and age group. Results Median prevalence of current e-cigarette use was higher among adults with than without disabilities (6.5% vs. 4.3%, P Conclusions Prevalence of current e-cigarette use was higher among adults with than without disabilities and varied across states by disability status, type, and age group. The findings underscore the need to monitor e-cigarette use among adults with disabilities and specifically include them in tobacco control policies and programs addressing e-cigarette use.
Event-Triggered Decision Support and Automatic Control Systems for Type 1 Diabetes

Advisory and decision support systems can inundate users with frequent recommendations that are computationally expensive to generate. In this work, we develop a novel event-triggered insulin dosing algorithm for regulating glucose concentrations in people with Type 1 diabetes that is only executed when specified criteria are met. The proposed event-triggered insulin dosing algorithm is designed to function without announcements for meals and physical activity from the users. The algorithms are robust to missing data and signal dropouts that are common in free-living conditions. The safety and efficacy of the proposed event-triggered insulin dosing algorithm are demonstrated with simulation case studies that show the glucose concentrations are within the safe target range for 81.25% of the time, without any hypoglycemia, and the algorithm is only activated 62.67% of the time. The proposed computationally-efficient and robust event-triggered insulin dosing algorithm provides personalized assessment and can regulate glucose concentrations effectively in the presence of unannounced meals and physical activity.
Perioperative Voice Therapy

Voice therapy should be a component of treatment for any dysphonic patient. Indirect therapy centered around voice hygiene and patient education, as well as direct therapy that intervenes on the physiology of phonation, are both important to include as treatment options. Voice therapy has been studied in the treatment of a variety of conditions that may also include vocal fold injection as part of their treatment, including benign vocal fold lesions, vocal fold paralysis, presbyphonia, and laryngeal tremor. There is evidence of patient benefit with even one session of preoperative voice therapy, and a variety of studies to support the use of postoperative therapy as well. Content, timing, and duration of voice therapy has not been standardized, and in the absence of this should be decided between the individual patient and their speech-language pathologist.
From disposable diapers to adhesives.

Finding alternative fates for plastics that would otherwise end up in landfills requires innovative chemistry. Now, poly(acrylic acid) from diaper waste has been converted into valuable pressure-sensitive adhesives through an open-loop recycling method that is cost-effective and environmentally competitive.
Models of Delinquency Intervention

In this chapter, the interventions used by the Adolescent Diversion Project are examined from an individual perspective. This means that rather than examining differences between groups of subjects who received similar treatments, individual youth—volunteer pairs are the unit of analysis. Several reasons prompted this approach. First, each youth is a unique person who may have a different pattern of delinquent behavior that exists for different reasons and that may respond to different interventions. Furthermore, youth within any given treatment condition might vary in the pattern of specific interventions that they received. By disaggregating individuals from the treatment groups into which they had been randomly placed, the mechanisms by which specific interventions operated could perhaps be discovered. Our hope was first, to understand how specific intervention activities affected delinquency. Then, by examining how specific interventions were distributed across treatment conditions, it might be possible to determine the mechanisms by which the treatment conditions affected delinquency.
Dimensions of Culture (Geert H. Hofstede) – Long‐ and Short‐Term Orientation

Between 1967 and 1973, IBM administered a multinational survey to its employees to assess employee attitudes and morale. Keywords: Cross-cultural Psychology; Geert Hofstede
Readers' Debate a Local Murder Trial: “Race” in the Online Public Sphere

Online news readers' comments have emerged as new public spaces, allowing the public to participate publicly but yet often with shielded identities. This case study explores the discourses that emerged from the Republican Herald's online readers' comments generated from the coverage of a Shenandoah murder trial. It investigates how discussions of culturally sensitive issues such as race relations, long marginalized in public spaces, have now shifted into the mainstream. Using discourse analysis, this study analyzed over 6,000 reader comments. The findings showed that this public space was not only an outlet for citizens to amplify socially regressive views, but also presented a challenge to professional journalists on how to engage effectively with such views beyond simply avoiding “politically incorrect” terms.
Political Violence and the Media

The motives behind violence are usually to force compliance, to subjugate, to persuade, or to intimidate, except for those most deviant individuals or groups who enjoy pointless bloodshed. There are many types of violence that are common within societies—domestic violence, criminal violence, and routine interpersonal violence. 1 Much of this violence takes place in private, with very limited or no mass media coverage of the violent acts themselves because their occurrence is unpredictable, invisible, random, or not subject to audiences. Moreover, individual acts of violence often go unmeasured, except in the case of death. These acts rarely have significant social consequences even though, cumulatively, they may have major consequences (such as indicating a crime wave or promoting laws to fight domestic abuse). 2 Private acts of violence are occasionally recorded by means of cell phone, home video, security cameras, and nanny-cams. If sensational enough, they are rebroadcast in mass media; however, they are not a standard part of media news coverage. Violence commonly covered by mainstream news media includes socially sanctioned violence (organized prizefighting, police actions) or violence between and among societies (international terrorism, wars). Less universal, with wide variation across political cultures, is coverage of political violence. Political violence—sometimes officially sanctioned by governments seeking to remain in power and other times by competitors seeking to control government—is used to capture or maintain political power. Political violence can take many forms, including assassinations, rebellions, guerilla wars, kidnappings, or mob violence. Violent outbreaks between legislators are also common in some political systems. 3
An Academic Curriculum Will Close the Academic Achievement Gap

Abstract America's unyielding academic achievement gap has been a national priority for a long time; yet, some schools have succeeded with academically disadvantaged youth. Usually, these institutions embrace a culture of success and follow an academic curriculum that is grounded in core knowledge and scholastic vocabulary. Academically disadvantaged students need school-wide programs that meet their distinct needs. These programs emphasize basic knowledge, grounded in contextual references. Students are taught to decode and comprehend domain specific and academic vocabulary. They learn skills and content that will help them achieve as successful adults. These schools are the antithesis of “mean streets.” They welcome disadvantaged students and provide the intellectual and emotional tools they need to thrive, while instilling self-discipline and hope in their pupils.
The impact of SFAS no. 8 on equity prices of early and late adopting firms

Abstract This study examines the economic consequences of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 8 (SFAS No. 8). Compared to a matched control group, both early adopters and late adopters of SFAS No. 8 exhibited significantly negative excess returns in the Exposure Draft release period, even after adjusting for a size effect in January. Weighted least-squares and ordinary least-squares cross-sectional regressions were compared. The late adopter regressions weakly support contracting and political cost theories.
Androgen deprivation and thromboembolic events in men with prostate cancer

Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves prostate cancer outcomes in specific clinical settings, but is associated with adverse effects, including cardiac complications and possibly thromboembolic complications. Our objective was to estimate the impact of ADT on thromboembolic events (TEs) in a population-based cohort.
Designing Cap and Trade to Correct for Non-Additional Offsets

Offsets lower the cost of cap-and-trade programs but must be considered imperfect if they cannot exclude “non-additional” emissions reductions or sequestration gains that would have occurred in their absence. Non-additionality can be addressed by requiring project-level additionality tests, by adjusting the mandatory emissions cap, or by imposing a trading ratio requirement on offset credits. Additionality tests most completely put the welfare impact on non-additional abaters but are challenging to implement. A cap adjustment is simple but places the entire welfare impact on the capped sector. A trading ratio, also simple, spreads the welfare impact across the capped and uncapped sectors. A trading ratio may either increase or decrease the welfare of the uncapped sector. When the quantity of non-additional abatement is uncertain, a cap adjustment has lower aggregate costs than a trading ratio, whereas a trading ratio has less variance with respect to quantity of emissions reduced.
The Interaction of Raloxifene and the Active Metabolite of the Antiestrogen EM-800 (SC 5705) with the Human Estrogen Receptor

A naturally occurring mutation at amino acid 351 (D351Y) in the human estrogen receptor (ER) can change the pharmacology of antiestrogens. Raloxifene is converted from an antiestrogen to an estrogen, whereas the biological properties of the steroidal pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 are not affected by the D351Y ER (Levenson, A. S., and Jordan, V. C. Cancer Res., 58: 1872–1875, 1998). We propose an assay system that can be used to classify antiestrogens by determining their ability to up-regulate transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) mRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with either wild-type or D351Y ER. The novel compound EM-800 and its active metabolite, EM-652, have been reported to be p.o. active nonsteroidal pure antiestrogens. Using the D351Y cell line, EM-652 is able to up-regulate TGF-α mRNA in a dose-dependent manner and to a similar extent as estradiol, whereas in the wild-type cell line, it acts as an antiestrogen. In addition, the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 is capable of inhibiting EM-652-induced TGF-α mRNA expression at the D351Y ER. In MCF-7 cells expressing wild-type ER, it has previously been shown that ICI 182,780 decreases ER only at the protein level. EM-652 treatment does not decrease ER protein levels to a similar extent as ICI 182,780 treatment, and, in addition, EM-652 has no effect on ER mRNA levels. In proliferation assays, EM-652 is as effective as raloxifene in inhibiting cell growth. From these studies, we conclude that the reason the pharmacology of EM-652 is similar to that of raloxifene is because they both fit the ER in the same manner, and their biology depends on an interaction of the antiestrogenic side chain with amino acid 351.
The seroepidemiology of measles in Western Europe.

Background The World Health Organization has targeted measles for elimination from Europe in 2007. Whether this can be achieved through routine immunization strategies now in place remains to be seen. Methods As part of the European Seroepidemiology Network, seven Western European countries conducted age- and sex-stratified serological surveys of measles antibody from 1994 to 1998. The countries included the Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom Results Overall, susceptibility levels among 2- to 4-year-olds ranged from 2.9 to 29.8%, in 5- to 9-year-olds from 2.5 to 25% and 10- to 19-year-olds from 2.1 to 13.9%. Susceptibility-profiles were categorized as low, intermediate, and high. A country's susceptibility profile was highly associated with vaccine coverage for the first dose. First-dose coverage ranged from 91 to 97.5% for four low-susceptibility countries, 75–85% for two intermediate-susceptibility countries and 55% for the one high-susceptibility country. The low-susceptibility countries had achieved or are very close to measles elimination. In moderate susceptibility countries endemic transmission still exists as does the risk of outbreaks as pools of susceptible individuals accumulate. Only the high-susceptibility country still reported epidemics of measles regularly occurring in 4-year cycles. Conclusion For the low-susceptibility countries, the priority should be to maintain uniformly high MMR vaccine coverage for both vaccine doses. For the moderate-susceptibility countries catch-up campaigns may close the gap between the highly vaccinated infants and the older children who missed the new programs of infant vaccination. In the high susceptibility country the priority should be to increase infant vaccine coverage and reduce regional variation in coverage levels.