cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Mothers' and Fathers' Parenting Styles and Their Division of Labor in the Home: Young Adults' Retrospective Reports

This article reports on an investigation into the relation between young adults' retrospective reports of their mothers' and fathers' division of household labor (egalitarian or traditional) and parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, or disengaged). Participants' own gender attitudes were also tested in relation to parents' division of labor and parenting. The sample included 294 women and men (M =19-years old) who were raised in 2-parent households and came from a range of ethnic backgrounds. When mothers' parenting was evaluated, permissive parenting was more likely among those from egalitarian households whereas authoritarian parenting was more likely among those from traditional households. When fathers' parenting was evaluated, authoritative parenting was more likely among participants from egalitarian households and disengaged parenting was more likely among those from traditional households. The association between fathers' parenting style and division of labor was specific to the division of childcare (rather than housework). Participants' gender attitudes were not related to parents' division of labor or parenting style.
The role of the tungsten filament in the growth of polycrystalline diamond films by filament-assisted CVD of hydrocarbons

Abstract The role of the tungsten filament in the growth of polycrystalline diamond films by filament-assisted CVD of hydrocarbons was investigated. Besides the well known phenomenon of catalytic dissociation of molecular hydrogen on a hot W-filament, we found that the filament undergoes carburization and converts into α-W 2 C. The kinetics of this carburization process and its effects on the nucleation of the diamond films can be investigated by studying the resistance of the filament during the carburization stage. The carburized filament was found to be a better electron emitter. This together with the fact that electron bombardment of the substrate leads to higher nucleation rate suggests that an α-W 2 C filament will lead to more efficient growth of diamond thin films.
Anti-Stress Action of a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Antagonist on Behavioral Reactivity to Stressors of Varying Type and Intensity

Anti-Stress Action of a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Antagonist on Behavioral Reactivity to Stressors of Varying Type and Intensity
A β-barrel outer membrane protein facilitates cellular uptake of polychlorophenols in Cupriavidus necator

The tcpRXABCYD operon of Cupriavidus necator JMP134 is involved in the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). All of the gene products except TcpY have assigned functions in TCP metabolism. Sequence comparison identified TcpY as a member of COG4313, a group of hypothetical proteins. TcpY has a signal peptide, indicating it is a membrane or secreted protein. Secondary structure and topology analysis indicated TcpY as a β-barrel outer membrane protein, similar to the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein FadL that transports hydrophobic long-chain fatty acids. Constitutive expression of tcpY in two C. necator strains rendered the cells more sensitive to TCP and other polychlorophenols. Further, C. necator JMP134 expressing cloned tcpY transported more TCP into the cell than a control with the cloning vector. Thus, TcpY is an outer membrane protein that facilitates the passing of polychlorophenols across the outer membrane of C. necator. Similarly, other COG4313 proteins are possibly outer membrane transporters of hydrophobic aromatic compounds.
Feedback Inhibition of Macrophage Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production by Tristetraprolin

Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) is a major mediator of both acute and chronic inflammatory responses in many diseases. Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype of a class of Cys-Cys-Cys-His (CCCH) zinc finger proteins, inhibited TNF-α production from macrophages by destabilizing its messenger RNA. This effect appeared to result from direct TTP binding to the AU-rich element of the TNF-α messenger RNA. TTP is a cytosolic protein in these cells, and its biosynthesis was induced by the same agents that stimulate TNF-α production, including TNF-α itself. These findings identify TTP as a component of a negative feedback loop that interferes with TNF-α production by destabilizing its messenger RNA. This pathway represents a potential target for anti–TNF-α therapies.
Epidemiological Concepts in Human, Veterinary, and Botanical Ecosystems: An Introduction to This Special Issue of Ecosystem Health

This special issue is dedicated to our friend and colleague, C. Lee Campbell, Professor of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, who died suddenly while this contribution was in press. We live in a time in history when there is a need to understand, not just the individual disciplines of epidemiology, but how these individual disciplines are interrelated in a global system. In this context, the interrelationships between botanical (plant disease), human, and veterinary epidemiology, as well as how these disciplines relate to ecosystem health, is of considerable interest (Rapport 1999). Our purpose in organizing the symposium “Epidemiological Concepts on Human, Veterinary, and Botanical Ecosystems,” sponsored by the American Phytopathological Society (APS), was to provide a forum to facilitate the exchange of epidemiological concepts and models that would serve to unite (rather than fragment) the different branches of epidemiology.
Multicultural Literature and Discussion as Mirror and Window

In recent years, multicultural literature has made its way into language arts education reform documents, onto classrooms shelves, and ultimately into the hands of the diverse student body in the United States. This article documents the experiences of a ninth-grade class as students read and responded to N. Scott Momaday's The Way to Rainy Mountain and related texts. By including multicultural texts in her curriculum, the teacher helped her students respect and understand their own culture and that of others. While the experience enabled minority students to find their voices in the classroom, in some respects it simultaneously stifled the voices of majority students. Although the use of multicultural literature sheds light on the cultures of others and holds up a mirror to students' own culture, it can also reinforce notions of “culturelessness” among white, European American student populations. If multicultural literature is to act as mirror and window for all students, thus leading to a more culturally affirming reality in schools, it is imperative for teachers and students to include “whiteness” in conversations about culture.
Mean-field threshold systems and phase dynamics: An application to earthquake fault systems

Driven mean-field threshold systems demonstrate complex observable space-time patterns of behavior that are difficult to understand or predict without knowledge of the underlying dynamics, which are typically unobservable. Here we describe a new method based on phase dynamics techniques to analyze and forecast the space-time patterns of activity in these systems. Application to earthquake data from a typical, seismically active region shows that the method holds considerable promise for forecasting the temporal occurrence of the largest future events. We demonstrate the power of our technique via an application to the difficult problem of earthquake forecasting in southern California.
Finite element methods for parabolic and hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations

On formule plusieurs methodes de Galerkin a temps discret pour des equations integrodifferentielles paraboliques
Mechanism of serine protease action. Ionization behavior of tetrahedral adduct between α‐lytic protease and tripeptide aldehyde studied by carbon‐13 magnetic resonance

Magnetic resonance techniques have been used to study the ionization behavior of the catalytic triad of the serine protease, α-lytic protease, in the tetrahedral, hemiacetal complex it forms with the aldehyde inhibitor, N-ac-L-ala-L-pro-L-alaninal. Chemical shift, coupling constant and relaxation measurements of a carbon-13 nucleus specifically incorporated in C-2 of the imidazole ring of the single histidine residue of the protein show that, above pH 7, the imidazole ring of the catalytic triad in the enzyme + aldehyde complex is neutral. We suggest, further, that a neutral carboxylic acid group for Asp 102 and an oxyanion for the hemiacetal are most likely to describe the state of ionization of the other groups above pH 7. Around pH 6·25, both the oxyanion and the histidine become protonated in a co-operative process which forces the histidine away from its rigidly localized position as a member of the catalytic triad into a solution-like environment.
PULSED DOPPLER-ECHO ASSESSMENT OF DUCTAL FLOW IN INFANT COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

Descending aortic blood flow in infants with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) may depend on either 1) pan-ductal patency for pulmonary artery-to descending Ao (R→ L) ductal flow (as in inter-ruppted aortic arch (IAA), or 2) partial ductal patency (at the aortic end) for maintaining flow across the coarctation itself. In our experience pts. with R→L ductal dependency are at very high risk for showing sudden decrease in descending aortic flow and cardiovascular collapse. In order to determine whether doppler-ECHO would identify this high-risk sub-group we compared doppler-ECHO recordings against angiograms and eath data from our 11 infants with CoA presenting at 1 to 60 days of age (1/82 - 11/83). Four of 11 had ventricular septal defect (VSD), and doppler agreed with angio in 8 of 4 (no ductal shunt in 2, small L→R in 1). In the fourth infant doppler suggested L→R shunt but angio showed bi-directional shunting. Of 7 of 11 infants with CoA without VSD, 2 were not catheterized (no ductus in 1 and small L→R ductal shunt in 1 by doppler). The remaining 5 infants showed large (smooth) R→L ductal shunt by both doppler and angio in 1/5, and no shunt by both doppler and angio in 4/5. (Doppler recording also confirmed R→L ductal shunt in 2 of 2 infants with IAA.) In conclusion, doppler-EC80 can identify ductal R→L shunting pattern in infants with CoA and IAA and provide another for starting at continuing PGE1.
The Evolution of concepts of urban land tenure in developing countries

The problem of adequate land for the urban poor in developing countries is bleaker today than it was 25 years ago, and almost surely wilf become more bleak in the future. In spite of some 2% decades of effort by governments and international agencies, and enormous investments of money and administrative energy, no nation (with the possible exception of Singapore) has kept pace with the problem. The relation of land supply to policies of land tenure is the subject of this paper.
On Measuring Anonymity For Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

We propose an evidence theory based anonymity measuring approach for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks. In our approach, an evidence is a measure of the number of detected packets within a given time period. Based on the collected evidence, we can set up basic probability assignments for all packet delivery paths and use evidence theory to quantify the anonymity in the number of bits. Our approach is more general and practical comparing to the traditional Shannon information theory based solutions where the probability assignments are predefined.
Evidence of expression variation and allelic imbalance in Crohn’s disease susceptibility genes NOD2 and ATG16L1 in human dendritic cells

Human dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in induction and progression of Crohn's disease (CD). Accumulating evidence suggests that viral infection is required to trigger CD pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals. NOD2 and ATG16L1 are among the major CD susceptibility genes implicated in impaired immune response to bacterial infection. In this study, we investigated gene expression and allelic imbalance (AI) of NOD2 and ATG16L1 using common variants in human monocyte-derived DCs. Significant AI was observed in ~40% and ~70% of NOD2 and ATG16L1 heterozygotes, respectively (p<0.05). AI of NOD2 was inversely associated with its expression level (p=0.015). No correlation was detected between gene expression and AI for ATG16L1. When infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), NOD2 expression in DCs was induced about four-fold (p<0.001), whereas ATG16L1 expression was not affected (p=0.88). In addition, NDV infection tended to lower the variance in AI among DC populations for the NOD2 gene (p=0.05), but not the ATG16L1 gene (p=0.32). Findings of a simulation study, aimed to verify whether the observed variation in gene expression and AI is a result of sample-to-sample variability or experimental measurement error, suggested that NOD2 AI is likely to result from a deterministic event at a single cell level. Overall, our results present initial evidence that AI of the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes exists in populations of human DCs. In addition, our findings suggest that viral infection may regulate NOD2 expression.
The strength of glassy polymers

The Griffith theory for brittle fracture predicts that the tensile strength should be inversely proportional to the square root of the size of a defect or flaw in the sample tested. The validity of this relation has been investigated for the glassy polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystrene. The results indicate that the strength of the polymers depends on two factors: (1) the surface energy, and (2) the inherent flaw size. The surface energy is primarily that dissipated in a viscous flow process and the inherent flaw size is related to the tendency of the polymer to craze under stress.
Star cluster ecology - IV. Dissection of an open star cluster: photometry

The evolution of star clusters is studied using N-body simulations in which the evolution of single stars and binaries is taken self-consistently into account. Initial conditions are chosen to represent relatively young Galactic open clusters, such as the Pleiades, Praesepe and the Hyades. The calculations include a realistic mass function, primordial binaries and the external potential of the parent Galaxy. Our model clusters are generally significantly flattened by the Galactic tidal field, and dissolve before deep core collapse occurs. The binary fraction decreases initially because of the destruction of soft binaries, but increases later because lower mass single stars escape more easily than the more massive binaries. At late times, the cluster core is quite rich in giants and white dwarfs. There is no evidence for preferential evaporation of old white dwarfs. On the contrary, the white dwarfs formed are likely to remain in the cluster. Stars tend to escape from the cluster through the first and second Lagrange points, in the direction of and away from the Galactic Centre. Mass segregation manifests itself in our models well within an initial relaxation time. As expected, giants and white dwarfs are much more strongly affected by mass segregation than main-sequence stars. Open clusters are dynamically rather inactive. However, the combined effects of stellar mass-loss and evaporation of stars from the cluster potential drive the dissolution of a cluster on a much shorter time-scale than if these effects are neglected. The often-used argument that a star cluster is barely older than its relaxation time and therefore cannot be dynamically evolved is clearly in error for the majority of star clusters. An observation of a blue straggler in an eccentric orbit around an unevolved star or a blue straggler of more than twice the turn-off mass might indicate past dynamical activity. We find two distinct populations of blue stragglers: those formed above the main-sequence turn-off, and those which appear as blue stragglers as the cluster's turn-off drops below the mass of the rejuvenated star.
Robust adaptive control

1. Introduction. Control System Design Steps. Adaptive Control. A Brief History. 2. Models for Dynamic Systems. Introduction. State-Space Models. Input/Output Models. Plant Parametric Models. Problems. 3. Stability. Introduction. Preliminaries. Input/Output Stability. Lyapunov Stability. Positive Real Functions and Stability. Stability of LTI Feedback System. Problems. 4. On-Line Parameter Estimation. Introduction. Simple Examples. Adaptive Laws with Normalization. Adaptive Laws with Projection. Bilinear Parametric Model. Hybrid Adaptive Laws. Summary of Adaptive Laws. Parameter Convergence Proofs. Problems. 5. Parameter Identifiers and Adaptive Observers. Introduction. Parameter Identifiers. Adaptive Observers. Adaptive Observer with Auxiliary Input. Adaptive Observers for Nonminimal Plant Models. Parameter Convergence Proofs. Problems. 6. Model Reference Adaptive Control. Introduction. Simple Direct MRAC Schemes. MRC for SISO Plants. Direct MRAC with Unnormalized Adaptive Laws. Direct MRAC with Normalized Adaptive Laws. Indirect MRAC. Relaxation of Assumptions in MRAC. Stability Proofs in MRAC Schemes. Problems. 7. Adaptive Pole Placement Control. Introduction. Simple APPC Schemes. PPC: Known Plant Parameters. Indirect APPC Schemes. Hybrid APPC Schemes. Stabilizability Issues and Modified APPC. Stability Proofs. Problems. 8. Robust Adaptive Laws. Introduction. Plant Uncertainties and Robust Control. Instability Phenomena in Adaptive Systems. Modifications for Robustness: Simple Examples. Robust Adaptive Laws. Summary of Robust Adaptive Laws. Problems. 9. Robust Adaptive Control Schemes. Introduction. Robust Identifiers and Adaptive Observers. Robust MRAC. Performance Improvement of MRAC. Robust APPC Schemes. Adaptive Control of LTV Plants. Adaptive Control for Multivariable Plants. Stability Proofs of Robust MRAC Schemes. Stability Proofs of Robust APPC Schemes. Problems. Appendices. Swapping Lemmas. Optimization Techniques. Bibliography. Index. License Agreement and Limited Warranty.
Quadratic performance index generation for optimal regular design

Application of optimal control theory to practical problems has been limited by the difficulty of prescribing a performance index which accurately reflects design requirements. The task of deriving equivalent performance indices is considered in the present paper for a plant that is a completely controllable, scalar linear system with state feedback. A quadratic index is developed which leads to an optimal design performance satisfying some of the classical performance criteria.
Risk for Colorectal Cancer in Persons With a Family History of Adenomatous Polyps: A Systematic Review

Background The risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear for persons who have first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (adenomas). Purpose To determine the validity of studies about this issue. Data sources MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from 1966 through 2011. Study selection Sequential review of titles, abstracts, and text from retrieved articles. Data extraction Study objective, study design, and numbers in study groups. Data synthesis Ten studies were identified that have been used to answer the question, "Does having a first-degree relative with an adenoma increase the risk for CRC?" We determined that they instead answer the question, "Does having a first-degree relative with CRC increase the risk for an adenoma?" We identified 2 additional studies that provide more relevant information. One study showed that the risk for CRC in persons who have first-degree relatives with adenomas is greater than the risk in persons who do not have first-degree relatives with adenomas (2.31% vs. 0.53%; relative risk, 4.36 [95% CI, 1.60 to 10.21]). The other study showed that the risk for CRC or large adenomas (≥1 cm) in persons who have first-degree relatives with large adenomas is greater than the risk in persons whose first-degree relatives do not have adenomas or CRC (8.3% vs. 4.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.27 [CI, 1.01 to 5.09]). Limitation Even the 2 relevant studies have design problems that affect validity and generalizability. Conclusion Most studies that are cited for the risk for CRC when relatives have adenomas do not address the issue. The 2 studies that do address the issue suggest an increased risk but have important methodological limitations. Properly designed studies are needed to measure the risk and identify the factors that modify it.
Lesions of the Seminal Vesicles and their MRI Characteristics

Over the past few decades, MRI of the prostate has made great strides in improving cancer detection and is being embraced by more clinicians each day. This article aims to review the imaging characteristics of common and uncommon, but consequential lesions involving the seminal vesicles (SV), as seen predominantly on MRI. Many of these findings are seen incidentally during imaging of the prostate. Anatomy and embryology of the SV will be described which will help illustrate the associations of abnormalities seen. Congenital, infectious, neoplastic, and tumor mimics will be explored in detail, with discussion on clinical presentation and treatment strategies.
Analytic theory of a tapered gyrotron resonator

An analytic theory has been derived for determining the eigenfrequencies, RF-field distribution and Q of the TEmpq modes of a gyrotron resonator consisting of a circular cylinder joined to a slowly tapered section. Explicit results are obtained for a linear taper. The cavity modes are found to have an RF-field distribution which is useful for prebunching the electron beam and enhancing efficiency. For high Q cavities, the cavity Q depends on axial mode number q as q−2, which is important for mode discrimination. Proper selection of taper length is found to reduce the Q of high q modes, also aiding in mode discrimination. The present approach may be applied to other forms of weakly irregular cavities, such as cavities with nonlinear tapers.
Nathaniel Hawthorne: Tradition and Revolution

Acknowledgements Notes on the texts 1. Tradition and revolution 2. An experimental fiction 3. Sketches experimental and ideal 4. The Scarlet Letter and the language of history 5. The House of the Seven Gables 6. The Blithedale Romance 7. The American Claimant Manuscripts, or, the absence of an ending 8. The Marble Faun, or, the ambivalencies and ambiguities 9. The Elixir of Life Manuscripts Notes Index.
VARIATIONS IN THE ANATOMIC ORIGIN OF THE NUTRIENT ARTERY OF THE CANINE FEMUR.

In the literature the nutrient artery to the diaphysis of the canine femur has been described as arising from the medial circumflex femoral artery which is a branch of the deep femoral artery. However in 19% to 100 canine hind extremities dissected after injection with colored media, the femoral nutrient artery arose from a large muscular branch (the proximal posterior femoral) of the superficial femoral artery. In 17% of 42 dogs one femur only was supplied by this variant. In three additional femurs other variations occurred.
Interactions of agrochemicals applied to peanut; part 3: Effects on insecticides and prohexadione calcium

A wide range of agrochemicals can be applied in a peanut production system to control various stresses and manage crop growth and development. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in North Carolina to define biological and physicochemical interactions when insecticides (fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) or plant growth regulator (prohexadione calcium) were applied in combination with other agrochemicals including fungicides, herbicides, and micronutrients. Fenpropathrin or lambda-cyhalothrin combinations did not injure peanut in 2008 and 2009. Two sprays of prohexadione calcium improved row visibility and reduced main stem height compared with one prohexadione calcium spray irrespective of agrochemical combinations. In many instances, applying prohexadione calcium with other agrochemicals resulted in lower main stem height compared to prohexadione calcium alone. In one of the experiments, prohexadione calcium with prothioconazole plus tebuconazole lowered fall army worm population compared with prohexadione calcium alone. Addition of boron, manganese, and 2,4-DB to fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and prohexadione calcium combinations changed solution pH dramatically. Prohexadione calcium had the least effect on pH of the carrier.
Interaction of calcium ions with lecithin and sphingomyelin monolayers.

Dipalmitoyl lecithin and sphingomyelin monolayers have similar limiting areas, whereas their surface potentials are strikingly different. The double bond at the 4–5 position in sphingomyelin acts as an induced dipole in relation to the surface potentials. This was confirmed by the surface potential of hydrogenated sphingomyelin. The binding of calcium to lecithin and sphingomyelin monllayers resulted in an increase in surface potential. This increase was greater for the dipalmitoyl lecithin monolayer as compared to that for sphingomyelin. It is concluded that the binding of calcium ions to springomyelin monolayers is significantly reduced by the presence of the hydroxyl group at the 3-carbon position of the molecule.
Age-related changes in release of soluble interleukin-2 receptor by murine lymphocytes.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the presence of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) in the supernatants of activated splenocytes correlates with age progression in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, the relationship between IL-2R cell surface expression and release of sIL-2R was examined. The results indicated splenocytes from young (3–4-month-old) mice release higher levels of sIL-2R than those from intermediate (18–19-month-old) or old (24–25-month-old) mice. While there was no statistical difference between sIL-2R levels in intermediate and old mice in this study, the old mice did have a slightly higher release of sIL-2R than the intermediate mice. There was a correlation between IL-2R cell surface expression and the level of sIL-2R in the young and the intermediate age groups. In old mice there was no correlation between these two parameters.
Assessing Quality of Early Care and Education: Lessons Learned from San Francisco’s Gateway to Quality

This 10 year overview of a citywide program implemented to improve the quality of childcare and education in San Francisco provides a description of critical issues related to implementation of an assessment process as well as factors that influence success related to initiating and sustaining quality improvement efforts in early care and education (ECE). The population of interest included all licensed childcare programs and family childcare homes in the city and county of San Francisco receiving public funding and those serving families with subsidies. The assessment tool chosen by city childcare leaders was the Environmental Rating Scales (ERS) for preschool, infant toddler and family childcare sites. Quality improvement plans were developed based on the results of the assessment of each classroom or family childcare home, followed by technical assistance targeted at improving the quality of the environment and teaching practice. Because assessment scores are currently tied to city funded subsidies, motivation for participation in the program becomes a critical factor for those programs that depend on the subsidies. Lessons learned can support other endeavors to improve the quality of childcare and education and include engaging ECE teachers in intentional dialogue that results in internal motivation to improve the quality of their teaching, along with systemic supports that include teachers, families and funding streams to sustain quality care.
The “Smeared” Property Technique for the FE Vibration Analysis of Printed Circuit Cards

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of the finite element (FE) smeared properties approach for the determination of the mode shapes and frequencies of a printed wiring board (PWB) populated with electronic modules. Smearing of the material and/or structural properties is a recognized means of reducing a complicated structure to a less complicated approximation. Comparisons of both the natural frequencies and mode shapes are made between the smeared FE model and those obtained from vibration testing. The extent of correlation between the mode shapes is characterized by the modal assurance criterion (MAC). Since the intent of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the smearing technique, free boundary conditions are assumed. It is shown that the smearing technique can produce good correlation of both natural frequencies and mode shapes of PWBs populated with modules. A case study of a PWB with both surface mount technology (SMT) and pin-in-hole (PIH) components is presented.
Controllability and inertia theory for functions of a matrix

Abstract Relationships are given between controllability conditions involving a square, complex matrix and functions of the matrix. These are used to prove new results, generalizing the Main Inertia Theorem and correcting recent work of Chen.
Long-term Results of Parathyroidectomy for Hypercalcemic Crisis

Hypothesis Hypercalcemic crisis is a rare complication of severe calcium intoxication usually caused by sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism that requires prompt diagnosis and definitive surgical treatment. Parathyroidectomy is essential for long-term successful treatment of hypercalcemic crisis. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Forty-three patients treated for hypercalcemic crisis during a 35-year period who had signs and symptoms of acute calcium intoxication and serum calcium levels of 15 mg/dL (3.75 mmol/L) or greater. Main Outcome Measures Operative success, operative failure, and disease recurrence after surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate long-term survival after parathyroidectomy. Results Forty-two (98%) of 43 patients were eucalcemic after initial parathyroidectomy. There was 1 postoperative death. Of 27 patients with postoperative calcium data available for 6 months or longer, operative success was achieved in 26 (96%). There was 1 operative failure in a patient with multiglandular disease requiring reoperation. There were 3 recurrences (7%) at 7, 58, and 265 months. Overall median survival after parathyroidectomy was 11.7 years (95% confidence interval, 9.2-NE [not estimable]). The mean ± SD serum calcium level of this group at a median follow-up of 4 years after surgery was 9.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL (2.28 ± 0.23 mmol/L). Conclusion Hypercalcemic crisis can be successfully treated by parathyroidectomy with continued normal parathyroid function and excellent long-term survival.
Anogenital injuries in adolescents after consensual sexual intercourse.

Objectives: To compare the types and locations of anogenital injuries occurring in adolescent females (13–17 years old) after consensual and nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective, matched case–control study to assess anogenital injuries in female adolescents presenting to a free-standing nurse examiner clinic during a four-year study period. Adolescents were selected for inclusion in the study if they reported consensual sexual intercourse (CSI) and agreed to a medical–legal examination. Control subjects were victims of alleged sexual assault or nonconsensual sexual intercourse (NCSI) matched to cases by age and prior sexual intercourse experience. Genital trauma was documented using colposcopy with nuclear staining and digital photography. Data were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests. Results: Fifty-one cases of CSI were identified; the age range was 13 to 17 years (mean = 15.1 years). Overall, 49% (25/51) of CSI subjects reported no prior sexual intercourse experience. CSI and NCSI were comparable in terms of race, time to physical examination, alcohol use, and frequency of genital injuries (73% vs. 85%, p = 0.069). The mean number of documented anogenital injuries in CSI subjects was 1.9 ± 1.5. These injuries commonly involved the hymen, fossa navicularis, and posterior fourchette. CSI subjects had a greater number of anogenital injuries (2.6 ± 2.0; p = 0.02), typically involving the fossa navicularis, labia minora, and hymen. The most common type of injury in both groups was lacerations (39% vs. 41%); however, NCSI subjects had a greater incidence of anogenital abrasions, ecchymosis, and edema (χ2= 10.4, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Anogenital trauma was documented in 73% of adolescent females after consensual sexual intercourse versus 85% of victims of sexual assault. The localized pattern and severity of anogenital injuries were significantly different when compared with victims of sexual assault.
PERSONALITY AND ALCOHOL/SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDER PATIENT RELAPSE AND ATTENDANCE AT SELF-HELP GROUP MEETINGS

This study evaluated the role of personality in the short-term outcome of alcohol/substance-use disorder patients. Detoxifying alcohol/substance-use disorder patients were administered the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), the CAGE Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). These patients were subsequently evaluated over a 1-month period for relapse and attendance at self-help group meetings. High TPQ Persistence scale scores predicted abstinence. When the Thinking and Feeling groups were considered separately, and when these two groups were combined into a single group, high scores for the individual groups and the combined group (i.e. Thinking and Feeling types together) predicted abstinence. High TPQ Persistence scale scores and low Shyness with Strangers and Fear of Uncertainty subscale scores predicted attendance at self-help group meetings. High MBTI Extroversion and high MBTI Thinking scores also predicted attendance at self-help group meetings. When the Extroverted and Introverted types and the Thinking and Feeling types respectively were combined, as with abstinence, high scores predicted attendance at self-help group meetings. Age, gender, CAGE, MAST, and BDI scores did not predict outcome. The above information suggests that specific personality variables may predict abstinence and attendance at self-help group meetings in recently detoxified alcoholics, and this may have prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Metric Characterizations of Some Classes of Banach Spaces

The main purpose of the paper is to present some recent results on metric characterizations of superreflexivity and the Radon–Nikodým property.
Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor for On-line Monitoring of Aerosol Oxidative Activity

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has a significant impact on human morbidity and mortality; however, the mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity are poorly defined. A leading hypothesis states that airborne PM induces harm by generating reactive oxygen species in and around human tissues, leading to oxidative stress. We report here a system employing a microfluidic electrochemical sensor coupled directly to a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) system to measure aerosol oxidative activity in an on-line format. The oxidative activity measurement is based on the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, where, after being oxidized by PM, the remaining reduced DTT is analyzed by the microfluidic sensor. The sensor consists of an array of working, reference, and auxiliary electrodes fabricated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic device. Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine-modified carbon paste was used as the working electrode material, allowing selective detection of reduced DTT. The electrochemical sensor was validated o...
An Extension of the Abundancy Index to Certain Quadratic Rings

We begin by introducing an extension of the traditional abundancy index to imaginary quadratic rings with unique factorization. After showing that many of the properties of the traditional abundancy index continue to hold in our extended form, we investigate what we call n-powerfully solitary numbers in these rings. This definition serves to extend the concept of solitary numbers, which have been defined and studied in the integers. We end with some open questions and a conjecture.
Effect of acute alcohol treatment on the release of ACTH, corticosterone, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to endotoxin.

This study investigated the effects of acute alcohol pretreatment on endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of ACTH, corticosterone, and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma and at various tissues sites. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether alcohol pretreatment would alter the ACTH, corticosterone, and cytokine responses to LPS, and whether the alcohol-induced changes in ACTH/corticosterone secretory rates of endotoxemic rats were accompanied by similar changes in cytokine production. Alcohol, 3.0 g/kg, intragastric (i.g.), was administered 3 hr before LPS treatment [1.0 or 5.0 microg/kg, intravenous (i.v.)], and ACTH, corticosterone, and cytokines levels were measured over a 4 hr post LPS treatment. In intact rats, the alcohol-induced plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses had returned to basal levels by the time of LPS injection, and alcohol pretreatment increased the corticosterone but not the ACTH response after LPS treatment. In contrast, in adrenalectomized corticosterone-replaced animals, the alcohol-induced ACTH response was still elevated at the time of LPS injection. However, the overall ACTH response of rats pretreated with the vehicle or alcohol was statistically similar. As expected, LPS also significantly stimulated both TNF-alpha and IL-6 release into the general circulation. The IL-6, but not the TNF-alpha, response was inhibited by alcohol pretreatment in intact rats, a phenomenon that was not present in adrenalectomized animals. Finally, we showed that LPS also augmented the TNF-alpha and/or IL-6 content of the pituitary, adrenal glands, and spleen, and that these responses were not altered by alcohol pretreatment. On the basis of these results, we concluded that acute alcohol treatment increased LPS-induced corticosterone response, while it blunted the IL-6 response. LPS also significantly elevated pituitary, adrenal, and splenic contents of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and alcohol did not influence these changes.
Fixed-tissue binding of fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A to malignant melanomas versus nevi

Concanavalin A (con A) is a plant-derived lectin that has the capability of agglutinating malignant cells in vitro. We studied the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated con A to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi. Both malignant melanoma cells and nevus cells emitted partial or circumferential, cytoplasmic rim, apple green fluorescence. There was no demonstrable difference between fluorescence distribution or intensity between the two groups. Control, unstained tissue specimens yielded a brilliant nuclear and nucleolar yellow-green autofluorescence, which is peculiar to melanoma cells and rare to absent in nevus cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated con A provided no clear differentiation between malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi in fixed tissue. However, characteristic melanoma cell autofluorescence may prove to be of benefit for differentiating malignant melanocytic from benign nevocytic lesions.
Learning and Inference of 3D Human Poses from Gaussian Mixture Modeled Silhouettes

In this paper, we present a learning and inference framework for 3D human pose recovery using silhouettes represented by Gaussian mixtures. A Bayesian mixture of experts is learnt to conduct multimodal pose regression. The major contribution of this paper is the use of Gaussian mixtures as silhouette shape descriptor and Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) for silhouette distance and kernel computation. Using Gaussian mixtures and KLD makes the learning and inference robust to errors in silhouettes extraction. It also allows likelihood evaluation of different pose estimates. This is done by computing the similarity of the observed silhouette and the predicted silhouettes by a generic body model onto the image plane. The system was trained with silhouettes rendered using animation software driven by motion capture data. Experimental results using both synthetic and real image silhouettes illustrate the usefulness of the proposed framework.
Cl2-based dry etching of the AlGaInN system in inductively coupled plasmas

Abstract Cl 2 -Based inductively coupled plasmas with low additional d.c. self-biases (−100 V) produce convenient etch rates (500–1500 A·min −1 ) for GaN, AlN, InN, InAlN and InGaN. A systematic study of the effects of additive gas (Ar, N 2 , H 2 ), discharge composition and ICP source power and chuck power on etch rate and surface morphology has been performed. The general trends are to go through a maximum in etch rate with percent Cl 2 in the discharge for all three mixtures and to have an increase (decrease) in etch rate with source power (pressure). Since the etching is strongly ion-assisted, anisotropic pattern transfer is readily achieved. Maximum etch selectivities of approximately 6 for InN over the other nitrides were obtained.
A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO PREDICT NON‐POINT SOURCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL

ABSTRACT: Bacterial densities (total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci) and suspended solids in runoff from a feedlot, pasture, and corn field were measured. Densities of fecal coliform were highest from the feedlot but were 1000 to 10,000 times greater than the water quality standard for swimmable waters from all three land uses. Densities of fecal streptococci were highest from the corn field, which suggests that wildlife are the source of bacteria. Fecal coliform/fecal streptococci ratios distinguished cattle from wildlife as the source of bacterial pollution both among land uses and among seasons of the year. Suspended solids concentrations in runoff ranged from 423 to 925 mg/l and were highest from the corn field. A Geographic Information System (GIS), which utilizes a raster or grid-cell format, was developed to include algorithms associated with non-point source pollution. The system accepts digitally mapped information on soil type, topography, and land use. It calculates characteristics such as slope and slope length, and relates these characteristics to soils and land use parameters in order to produce three dimensional maps of runoff potential, sediment pollution potential, and bacterial pollution potential. It offers the advantages of retaining the geographic character of pollution potential information and of conveying in three-dimensional graphical terms the effects of topography, soil type, land use, and land management practices.
Gross structure in reactions of deformed nuclei

Abstract The Nilsson model is applied to determine the effect of nuclear deformation on gross structure in direct reaction spectra among intermediate nuclei. While the gross structure known for spherical nuclei is obscured to low resolution observations, it is replaced by an equally distinctive pattern whose major features are fixed relative to single nucleon levels in the undeformed well. Definite minima in the spectrum persist at magic number gaps even for fairly large deformations. Location of the gross structure pattern on a nuclear excitation scale is determined by deformation and nucleon population numbers, so that shifts of the structure among spectra of neighbouring nuclei are definite and predictable. The angular distribution in each part of the spectrum should be dominated by a few specific lmin values even though the single particle l is not a quantum number and parities are mixed. The effects are illustrated numerically with respect to the (n, p) reaction on target isotopes of Rh, In and Sb.
Finessing a point: augmenting the core

The “finesse point” introduced here extends the notion of a core; it is a position that minimizes what a candidate needs to do to counter moves that are made by an opponent. The definition, which is motivated by the “chaos theorem” as well as by the dynamics of positive and negative political campaigning, is also used to define a “malicious point,” which is an optimal location from which a candidate can engage in “negative campaigning.”
Your cells are my cells.

The article describes some of the research that has found cells that transfer between mother and child during pregnancy. The author shares information about these cells and what scientists believe they do within the body. These cells are thought to be beneficial in some cases, but can also be identified as malicious by the immune system. INSETS: WHERE THE CELLS SETTLE;DISEASE LINKS;MICROCHIMERISM FAQs;WHAT'S NEXT?
Surface‐histogram: A new shape descriptor for protein‐protein docking

Determining the structure of protein-protein complexes remains a difficult and lengthy process, either by NMR or by X-ray crystallography. Several computational methods based on docking have been developed to support and even serve as possible alternatives to these experimental methods. In this paper, we introduce a new protein-protein docking algorithm, shDock, based on shape complementarity. We characterize the local geometry on each protein surface with a new shape descriptor, the surface-histogram. We measure the complementarity between two surface-histograms, one on each protein, using a modified Manhattan distance. When a match is found between two local protein surfaces, a model is generated for the protein complex, which is then scored by checking for collision between the two proteins. We have tested our algorithm on Version 3 of the ZDOCK protein-protein docking benchmark. We found that for 110 out of the 124 test cases of bound docking in the benchmark, our algorithm was able to generate a model in the top 3600 candidates for the protein complex within an RMSD of 2.5 A from its native structure. For unbound docking predictions, we found a model within 2.5 A in the top 3600 models in 54 out of 124 test cases. A comparison with other shape-based docking algorithms demonstrates that our approach gives significantly improved performance for both bound and unbound docking test cases.
Ransom, Revenge, and Heroic Identity in the Iliad : Ransom and Revenge: Poetics and Politics of Compensation

If any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. Exodus 21.23–25 Compensation in the Iliad involves exchanges that may be subsumed under the principle of reciprocity, a mental model for interpreting social relations and movements of goods. Reciprocity has been defined in a narrow sense as prestation and more generally as “exchange conceptualized as the performance and requital of actions perceived as gratuitous ,” whether effecting benefit or harm. Response to harm is typically cast as negative reciprocity, “where the emphasis is placed not on the return of benefits, but on the return of injuries.” On this view, the recipient of benefit or harm reciprocates by paying back benefit or harm, ideally in equal measure. But the Iliad complicates this mirror-image opposition of negative and positive reciprocity, for the person who is said to pay back harm is not the one who sustained it but the one who inflicted it in the first place. That the outcome – warrior B is killed for killing warrior A – may be the same by either conception of negative reciprocity matters less than that the exchange is consistently viewed in a particular way. Harm is viewed as taking away something that by rights belongs to another and compensation as a way or ways of getting it back. The ideology of compensation is thus resolution, not circulation, of debt.