cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety and Software Intensive Systems: Challenges Old and New

There is an increased use of software in safety-critical systems; a trend that is likely to continue in the future. Although traditional system safety techniques are applicable to software intensive systems, there are new challenges emerging. In this report we will address four issues we believe will pose challenges in the future. First, the nature of safety is continuing to be widely misunderstood and known system safety techniques are not applied. Second, our ability to demonstrate (certify) that safety requirements have been met is inadequate. Third, modeling and automated tools, for example, code generation and automated testing, are introduced in a hope to increase productivity; this reliance on tools rather than people, however, introduces new and poorly understood problems. Finally, safety-critical systems are increasingly relying on data (configuration data or databases), incorrect data could have catastrophic and widespread consequences.
Improving hydrologic predictions of a catchment model via assimilation of surface soil moisture

Abstract This paper examines the potential for improving Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic predictions of root-zone soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and stream flow within the 341 km2 Cobb Creek Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma through the assimilation of surface soil moisture observations using an Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In a series of synthetic twin experiments assimilating surface soil moisture is shown to effectively update SWAT upper-layer soil moisture predictions and provide moderate improvement to lower layer soil moisture and evapotranspiration estimates. However, insufficient SWAT-predicted vertical coupling results in limited updating of deep soil moisture, regardless of the SWAT parameterization chosen for root-water extraction. Likewise, a real data assimilation experiment using ground-based soil moisture observations has only limited success in updating upper-layer soil moisture and is generally unsuccessful in enhancing SWAT stream flow predictions. Comparisons against ground-based observations suggest that SWAT significantly under-predicts the magnitude of vertical soil water coupling at the site, and this lack of coupling impedes the ability of the EnKF to effectively update deep soil moisture, groundwater flow and surface runoff. The failed attempt to improve stream flow prediction is also attributed to the inability of the EnKF to correct for existing biases in SWAT-predicted stream flow components.
Origin of Radiation Induced Damage in Organic P3HT:PCBM Based Photocells

Organic semiconductor photocells based upon P3HT:PCBM (1:1 by weight) have been subjected to X irradiation. The carrier lifetime has been determined using a pulsed optical method with continuous light to generate an open circuit voltage bias. No effect is observed on the carrier lifetime up to 300 krad (SiO2). However, changes in the open circuit voltage are observed and we argue that these result from compensation of the internal field which results from the built-in potential. The origin of the field modifications must lay in the presence of radiation induced trapped charge near the organic semiconductor/anode and/or cathode interfaces.
Unraveling Internet Identities: Embedding Accountability & Anonymity at the Application Layer

Both anonymity and accountability play important roles in sustaining the Internet's functionality; however, there is a common misconception that increasing the anonymity of Internet identities requires diminishing their accountability, and vice versa. This paper argues that by implementing accountability mechanisms and anonymity protections at the application layer of the Internet, rather than the network layer, it is possible to develop a variety of different types of accountable-anonymous virtual identities, tailored to meet the needs of numerous and diverse online applications. Examples are drawn from several identity mechanisms used by existing applications and general design patterns for implementing accountability are discussed, with particular emphasis on designing identity investment-privilege trade-offs, conditional anonymity schemes, and aggregated, identity management systems, as well as the role of scoped identities and linked identities in promoting online accountability.
Epistemology and Experimentation: An Examination of Quality Factors in Research Design

Forty-four research articles published in the occupational therapy literature were examined to determine the effect of design quality on study outcome. All 44 of the studies examined involved a parallel-groups comparison design. Twenty-two of the studies included random assignment of subjects to various groups, and the remaining 22 investigations used some nonrandom method to determine subject allocation. A standardized metric (i.e., effect size) was used to determine the effect of the independent variable in the 44 studies. The data analysis revealed that effect-size values were not significantly different between studies that involved random assignment and those not involving random assignment. The argument is made that such design characteristics as random assignment should be examined as moderator variables in any attempt to synthesize findings from multiple studies. Such an approach would treat the design used in a study as one of many possible variables that could influence the outcome. This approach would modify the a priori assumption that one research design is inherently superior to another regardless of the research question or context.
Potential for the evolution of resistance to pheromone-based mating disruption tested using two pheromone strains of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

The reliance of most moth species on female-produced sex pheromones for mate attraction makes their communication system an ideal target for pest management. Mating disruption, by release of synthetic sex pheromone into the atmosphere, has been developed to control many lepidopteran pests and is available commercially for several species (Carde & Minks, 1995). Selection pressure provided by continuous application of mating disruptants could result in the evolution of resistance to this tactic, and this possibility should be evaluated before it occurs. The potential for resistance to mating disruption will depend on genetically-based variation in production of and response to pheromone within and amongst populations (Lofstedt, 1990, 1993; Phelan, 1992). The diverse phylogenetic pattern of lepidopteran pheromones suggests that natural selection has shaped the evolution of species-specific pheromones. Long-term use of mating disruptants that effectively control pest populations, could provide the necessary selection pressure for an alteration in the communication system and the evolution of resistance to mating disruption (Carde & Minks, 1995). In the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), the sex pheromone consists of a main component, Z7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), and five minor components (Bjostad et al., 1984). Haynes & Hunt (1990) discovered an abnormal pheromone phenotype in a laboratory colony of T. ni that was the result of a single, recessive autosomal gene mutation. Mutant females release a pheromone that contains a twenty-fold increase of one minor component, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) and a thirty-fold decrease of another minor component, Z5-dodecenyl acetate (Z512:Ac). Initially, male T. ni that carried the mutant gene responded like normal males, demonstrating a preference for the normal pheromone. However, after 49 generations within a pure mutant colony, males responded equally well to both mutant and normal pheromones (Liu & Haynes, 1994). Thus, there are genetically-based differences in both female pheromone and male response (Liu & Haynes, 1994). The potential for mating disruption to result in evolutionary changes in the pheromone was tested on laboratory-derived populations of T. ni using a replicated selection experiment in large field cages. We manipulated the environment (pheromone-treated vs. clean-air control) that moths were exposed to and followed the evolution of the pheromone phenotype in five closed (no gene flow) populations across four offspring generations. The normal pheromone blend applied as a mating disruptant provided selection pressure that influenced the frequency of the mutant allele in the population.
Constitutive Laws for Ceramics Exhibiting Stress-Induced Martensitic Transformation

The theory of internal variables is used in order to develop multiaxial constitutive laws for ceramics undergoing martensitic stress-assisted transformation, such as partially stabilized zirconia or A12O3-ZrO2. The internal variable is identified with the volume concentration of transformed particles, and we assume that transformation occurs so that the change in potential energy due to the transformation is maximized. When the rate of transformation depends on the applied stresses only through the corresponding change in potential energy, it is shown that the inelastic strain rates are along the normal of a stress function in stress space. The constitutive law depends on all three stress invariants. We further discuss specific stress environments such as crack tip fields, the special case of homogeneous transforming particle distribution, and conditions under which normality is not obeyed.
THE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF PORCELAIN: THE INFLUENCE OF FIRING TEMPERATURE1

This paper completes the work previously reported by Monack and Shardlow2 The additional puncture voltages in kilovolts per quarter-inch thickness were cone 13, 60; cone 14, 69.5; cone 15, 67. The puncture voltage increased gradually between cones 9 and 15. Other conditions remaining identical, it was shown that the most uniform body resulted when tired to cone 9.
A bimanual teleoperated system for endonasal skull base surgery

We describe transnasal skull base surgery, including the current clinical procedure and the ways in which a robotic system has the potential to enhance the current standard of care. The available workspace is characterized by segmenting medical images and reconstructing the available 3D geometry. We then describe thin, “tentacle-like” robotic tools with shafts constructed from concentric tube robots, and an actuation unit designed to robotically control them in a teleoperated setting. Lastly, we discuss the results of a proof-of-concept study in a cadaveric specimen, illustrating the ability of the robot to access clinically relevant skull base targets.
Who Pays for Veterans' Preference?

The role of veterans `preference in the federal civil service has been both attacked and applauded. Yet little policy research has been conducted investigating the impact of preferential hiring on veterans, the merit system, or the employment of women and miniorities. This article uses data on employees within the General Schedule system to isolate the effects of veterans `preference from those of race, sex, education, federal experience, and age. The scope of veterans' preference and its impact on the merit system and the development of a representative bureaucracy are examined. The policy implications of this research are discussed in light of the 1978 Civil Service reform proposals.
Attenuation Correction of PET Images with Respiration-Averaged CT Images in PET/CT

Attenuation correction (AC) of PET images with helical CT (HCT) in PET/CT matches only the spatial resolution of CT and PET, not the temporal resolution. We therefore proposed the use of respiration-averaged CT (ACT) to match the temporal resolution of CT and PET and evaluated the improvement of tumor quantification in PET images of the thorax with ACT. Methods: First, we examined 100 consecutive clinical PET/CT studies for the frequency and magnitude of misalignment at the diaphragm position between the HCT and the PET data. Patients were injected with 555–740 MBq of 18F-FDG and scanned 1 h after injection. The HCT data were acquired at the following settings: 120 kV, 300 mA, pitch of 1.35:1, collimation of 8 × 1.25 mm, and rotation cycle of 0.5 s. Patients were instructed to hold their breath at midexpiration during HCT of the thorax. The PET acquisition was 3 min per bed. Second, we retrospectively analyzed studies of 8 patients (1 with esophageal cancer and 7 with lung cancer). Each study included regular PET/CT followed by 4-dimensional (4D) CT for radiation treatment planning. We compared the results of AC of the PET data with HCT and ACT. There were 13 tumors in these 8 patients. The 4D CT data were acquired at the following settings: 120 kV, 50–150 mA, cine duration of 1 breathing cycle plus 1 s, collimation of 8 × 1.25 mm, and rotation cycle of 0.5 s. The acquisition was taken when the patient was in the free-breathing state. We averaged the 10 phases of the 4D CT data to obtain ACT for AC of the PET data. Both the ACT and the HCT data were used for AC of the same PET data. Results: There was a misalignment between the HCT and the PET data in 50 of 100 patient studies. In 34 studies, the misalignment was greater than 2 cm. In a comparison of HCT and ACT, 5 tumors had differences in standardized uptake values (SUV) between HCT–and ACT–attenuation-corrected PET of less than 20%, and 4 tumors had differences in SUV of more than 50%. The latter 4 tumors were found in the patient with esophageal cancer and in 2 of the patients with lung cancer. The PET data from these 3 patients had a misalignment of 2–4.5 cm relative to the HCT data. Breathing artifacts were significantly reduced by ACT. Seven of the 8 patients had a lower diaphragm position on HCT than on ACT, suggesting that the patients tended to hold a deeper breath during HCT than during ACT. Conclusion: The high rate of misalignment suggested a potential mismatch between the HCT and the PET data with the limited–breath-hold CT protocol. In the comparison of HCT and ACT, significant differences (>50%) in SUV were attributable to different breathing states between HCT and PET. The PET data corrected by ACT did not show breathing artifacts, suggesting that ACT may be more accurate than HCT for AC of the PET data.
International Coordination for Flicker Standards

Standards for flicker evaluation have been developed in both IEEE and IEC but the IEC standards are the most widely applied around the world. IEEE Working Group 143 recently consolidated these standards. This paper describes some details of these flicker standards
Stigma is in the eye of the beholder: a hospital outreach program for treating homeless mentally ill people.

Homeless mentally ill people, particularly those in large urban centers, are one of the most stigmatized groups in American society. The author describes a specialized short-term hospital treatment program initiated by New York City that helped reduce stigmatization of this group by medical personnel. He suggests that training staff workers and increased government commitment to such inpatient programs with outreach capacity can foster a change in attitude among treaters, thereby improving treatment outcome of the homeless mentally ill. Language: en
DOMMINO 2.0: integrating structurally resolved protein-, RNA-, and DNA-mediated macromolecular interactions.

Macromolecular interactions are formed between proteins, DNA and RNA molecules. Being a principle building block in macromolecular assemblies and pathways, the interactions underlie most of cellular functions. Malfunctioning of macromolecular interactions is also linked to a number of diseases. Structural knowledge of the macromolecular interaction allows one to understand the interaction’s mechanism, determine its functional implications and characterize the effects of genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, on the interaction. Unfortunately, until now the interactions mediated by different types of macromolecules, e.g. protein–protein interactions or protein–DNA interactions, are collected into individual and unrelated structural databases. This presents a significant obstacle in the analysis of macromolecular interactions. For instance, the homogeneous structural interaction databases prevent scientists from studying structural interactions of different types but occurring in the same macromolecular complex. Here, we introduce DOMMINO 2.0, a structural Database Of Macro-Molecular INteractiOns. Compared to DOMMINO 1.0, a comprehensive database on protein-protein interactions, DOMMINO 2.0 includes the interactions between all three basic types of macromolecules extracted from PDB files. DOMMINO 2.0 is automatically updated on a weekly basis. It currently includes ∼1 040 000 interactions between two polypeptide subunits (e.g. domains, peptides, termini and interdomain linkers), ∼43 000 RNA-mediated interactions, and ∼12 000 DNA-mediated interactions. All protein structures in the database are annotated using SCOP and SUPERFAMILY family annotation. As a result, protein-mediated interactions involving protein domains, interdomain linkers, C- and N- termini, and peptides are identified. Our database provides an intuitive web interface, allowing one to investigate interactions at three different resolution levels: whole subunit network, binary interaction and interaction interface. Database URL: http://dommino.org
Alterations of the Ileal and Colonic Mucosal Microbiota in Canine Chronic Enteropathies.

Background The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. While imbalances in duodenal and fecal microbial communities have been associated with mucosal inflammation, relatively little is known about alterations in mucosal bacteria seen with CE involving the ileum and colon. Aim To investigate the composition and spatial organization of mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE and controls. Methods Tissue sections from endoscopic biopsies of the ileum and colon from 19 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 6 dogs with granulomatous colitis (GC), 12 dogs with intestinal neoplasia, and 15 controls were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a quantifiable basis. Results The ileal and colonic mucosa of healthy dogs and dogs with CE is predominantly colonized by bacteria localized to free and adherent mucus compartments. CE dogs harbored more (P < 0.05) mucosal bacteria belonging to the Clostridium-coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group, Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli versus controls. Within the CE group, IBD dogs had increased (P < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli bacteria attached onto surface epithelia or invading within the intestinal mucosa. Bacterial invasion with E. coli was observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of dogs with GC (P < 0.05). Dogs with intestinal neoplasia had increased (P < 0.05) adherent (total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli) and invasive (Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, and Bacteroides) bacteria in biopsy specimens. Increased numbers of total bacteria adherent to the colonic mucosa were associated with clinical disease severity in IBD dogs (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pathogenic events in canine CE are associated with different populations of the ileal and colonic mucosal microbiota.
Enabling Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Insights from Ecology to Inform Effective Entrepreneurship Policy

Inspired by research on the importance of entrepreneurship for sustained economic growth and improved well-being, many governments and non-governmental grant-making organizations have sought over the past decade to implement policies and programs intended to support entrepreneurs. Over this interval, growing appreciation of the limits of strategies focused narrowly on financing or training entrepreneurs has prompted a number of such entities to shift their efforts toward more broad-based strategies aimed at enabling “entrepreneurial ecosystems” at the city or sub-national regional scale. This paper takes the metaphor of the “ecosystem” seriously, seeking to draw lessons from evolutionary biology and ecology to inform policy for entrepreneurship. In so doing, the paper provides a framework for data gathering and analysis of practical value in assessing the vibrancy of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the USA: the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), January 2006–June 2012

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae has progressively developed resistance to sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, and gonococcal susceptibility to cephalosporins has been declining worldwide. Methods We described trends in gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility in the USA from January 2006 through June 2012. Susceptibility data for cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were obtained from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), a sentinel surveillance system that monitors antimicrobial susceptibility in urethral gonococcal isolates collected from symptomatic men at 25–30 sexually transmitted disease clinics throughout the USA. Results The percentage of isolates with elevated cefixime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥0.25 µg/mL) increased from 0.1% in 2006 to 1.4% in 2010–2011 and was 1.1% in the first 6 months of 2012. The percentage with elevated ceftriaxone MICs (≥0.125 µg/mL) increased from 0.1% in 2006 to 0.3%–0.4% during 2009 through the first 6 months of 2012. There were no temporal trends in the prevalence of elevated azithromycin MICs (≥2 µg/mL) (0.2%–0.5%). The prevalence of resistance remained high for penicillin (11.2%–13.2%), tetracycline (16.7%–22.8%) and ciprofloxacin (9.6%–14.8%). Conclusions The proportion of gonococcal isolates with elevated cephalosporin MICs increased from 2006 to 2010, but plateaued during 2011 and the first 6 months of 2012. Resistance to previously recommended antimicrobials has persisted. As the number of antimicrobials available for gonorrhoea treatment dwindles, surveillance systems such as GISP will be critical to detect emerging resistance trends and guide treatment decisions.
Field Incubation of Insects for Insecticide Toxicity Assays in Resistance Monitoring Programs

At a 1-m depth in the soil, temperatures remain at a relatively constant value (mean average of the surface temperature) with only a total daily fluctuation of 1°C. This temperature range was found to be practical for use in incubating insects that were treated with insecticides for toxicity studies, especially in resistance monitoring programs. Groups of 24 d-old male susceptible pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were mired in insecticide-laced sticky cards or placed in 20-ml scintillation vials coated with the following insecticides: fenvalerate, permethrin, and monocrotophos. When incubated in the bottom half of a hole in the ground 1 m deep outside of our laboratory at Riverside, Calif., in the middle of summer, results were comparable to incubation of similarly dosed insects in environmental chambers. Control mortality was negligible for pink bollworm adult males held in untreated scintillation vials at constant temperatures from 16.5 to 40°C for 2 d. Thus, storing treated insects in simple holes in the ground is a valuable new tool in resistance monitoring by eliminating the transport of insects away from field pheromone traps and other collection sites.
Design and Analysis of Cost-Efficient Sensor Deployment for Tracking Small UAS with Agent-Based Modeling

Recently, commercial unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have gained popularity. However, these UAS are potential threats to people in terms of safety in public places, such as public parks or stadiums. To reduce such threats, we consider a design, modeling, and evaluation of a cost-efficient sensor system that detects and tracks small UAS. In this research, we focus on discovering the best sensor deployments by simulating different types and numbers of sensors in a designated area, which provide reasonable detection rates at low costs. Also, the system should cover the crowded areas more thoroughly than vacant areas to reduce direct threats to people underneath. This research study utilized the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) technique to model a system consisting of independent and heterogeneous agents that interact with each other. Our previous work presented the ability to apply ABM to analyze the sensor configurations with two types of radars in terms of cost-efficiency. The results from the ABM simulation provide a list of candidate configurations and deployments that can be referred to for applications in the real world environment.
Study of LiFePO_4 Cathode Material For Lithium-ion Battery

AbstrcatDetailed description is made of the performance,the structure,Li ion extraction-insertion mechanism,preparation method,and the doping modification of LiFePO_4.The promising future application of LiFePO_4 lithium-ion battery cathode material is also pointed out.
Common problems of grain measuring in flue gas of fixture polluting source in lower temperature environment and its countermeasure

The paper analyzed the common problems and the reasons of grain measuring in flue gas of fixture polluting source in lower temperature environment and its countermeasure and proposed the key countermeasure to solve them,and discussed the common problems and its countermeasure to grain measuring in flue gas of fix-ture polluting source in lower temperature environment.
Development of the PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module: Focus group and cognitive interviews.

Abstract Youth with epilepsy have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Existing epilepsy-specific HRQOL measures are limited by not having parallel self- and parent-proxy versions, having a restricted age range, not being inclusive of children with developmental disabilities, or being too lengthy for use in a clinical setting. Generic HRQOL measures do not adequately capture the idiosyncrasies of epilepsy. The purpose of the present study was to develop items and content validity for the PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module. Methods An iterative qualitative process of conducting focus group interviews with families of children with epilepsy, obtaining expert input, and conducting cognitive interviews and debriefing was utilized to develop empirically derived content for the instrument. Eleven health providers with expertise in pediatric epilepsy from across the country provided feedback on the conceptual model and content, including epileptologists, nurse practitioners, social workers, and psychologists. Ten pediatric patients (age 4–16 years) with a diagnosis of epilepsy and 11 parents participated in focus groups. Thirteen pediatric patients (age 5–17 years) and 17 parents participated in cognitive interviews. Results Focus groups, expert input, and cognitive debriefing resulted in 6 final domains including restrictions, seizure management, cognitive/executive functioning, social, sleep/fatigue, and mood/behavior. Patient self-report versions ranged from 30 to 33 items and parent proxy-report versions ranged from 26 to 33 items, with the toddler and young child versions having fewer items. Conclusions Standardized qualitative methodology was employed to develop the items and content for the novel PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module. The PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making in pediatric epilepsy by capturing and monitoring important patient-identified contributors to HRQOL.
Mozaffar ed-Din’s Concessions (1898–1907)

On the assassination of Naser ad-Din Shah, in 1896, his son Mozaffar ed-Din Shah mounted the throne of Persia (ruled 1896–1907). In the first few years he presided over more grants and concessions to the Europeans, principally to Russian and British subjects. The Russian companies obtained highway and mining concessions in 1898 and 1899, including one for mining Qara Chadagh, an area north of Tabriz on the southern bank of the Aras River near the border with Russia. On the Caspian proper, in 1897, Poliakov’s Assurance et Transport company obtained a concession to build quays, piers, and hotels at Anzali. In the following year, the Russian government received the concession to build a lighthouse at Anzali and, much to Britain’s consternation, it also actively explored the concept of building a pipeline from Baku to Bushehr.
Introducing the U.S. Cyberlearning Community

The term “Cyberlearning” is used in the United States to describe a community of researchers, largely funded by the US National Science Foundation, who are exploring the integration of computer science research with learning sciences research. The Cyberlearning community is parallel to the EC-TEL community and the purpose of this poster is to foster mutual engagement between the communities. The paper describes the origin of the term, the conception of the field, the kinds of research being conducted, and some of the exemplary projects. The paper will also introduce the Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning (CIRCL), which is the hub of the knowledge network (research community) for cyberlearning and hosts a useful collection of resources.
Optic Nerve Glioma

The clinical presentation, diagnosis, response to therapy, and visual outcome of 18 children with optic nerve glioma are reported from the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Modeling of multilayered anisotropic media using effective medium theory

The effective medium theory is applied to model a layered biaxial anisotropic material with different orientations. Basing on the same reflection and transmission coefficients, equivalent model is developed to calculate effective permittivity, permeability and orientation angle for two layers of anisotropic media. With the low frequency (LF) limit, analytical expressions for effective parameters and orientation angle are derived. Finally, the effective parameters using low frequency approximation are compared with the ones without approximation. The frequency-independent model is valid for frequency up to several GHz.
Remodelado del trombo: punto clave en la progresión de la aterosclerosis coronaria

El mecanismo de la progresion de la aterosclerosis se inicia tras la rotura de una placa con formacion de un trombo. Esto va seguido por la invasion de monocitos que liberan factor tisular induciendose la formacion de un segundo trombo sobreimpuesto al primero. Posteriormente, se activan las celulas musculares lisas de la pared arterial y se sintetiza tejido conectivo que invade el trombo. Podemos intentar prevenir este proceso inhibiendo la trombosis mediante la administracion de un inhibidor del factor tisular, inhibiendo el proceso de cicatrizacion administrando rapamicina, o ambas cosas a la vez. Actualmente podemos estudiar estos procesos mediante gammacamaras de alta sensibilidad, que nos permiten monitorizar la formacion y evolucion del trombo, y a traves de la resonancia magnetica, que nos permite estudiar el crecimiento del tejido conectivo. Esto nos permitira estudiar la historia natural de la aterosclerosis y la eficacia de distintos farmacos para prevenir su progresion.
Methods to enhance seismic faults and construct fault surfaces

Abstract Faults are often apparent as reflector discontinuities in a seismic volume. Numerous types of fault attributes have been proposed to highlight fault positions from a seismic volume by measuring reflection discontinuities. These attribute volumes, however, can be sensitive to noise and stratigraphic features that are also apparent as discontinuities in a seismic volume. We propose a matched filtering method to enhance a precomputed fault attribute volume, and simultaneously estimate fault strikes and dips. In this method, a set of efficient 2D exponential filters, oriented by all possible combinations of strike and dip angles, are applied to the input attribute volume to find the maximum filtering responses at all samples in the volume. These maximum filtering responses are recorded to obtain the enhanced fault attribute volume while the corresponding strike and dip angles, that yield the maximum filtering responses, are recoded to obtain volumes of fault strikes and dips. By doing this, we assume that a fault surface is locally planar, and a 2D smoothing filter will yield a maximum response if the smoothing plane coincides with a local fault plane. With the enhanced fault attribute volume and the estimated fault strike and dip volumes, we then compute oriented fault samples on the ridges of the enhanced fault attribute volume, and each sample is oriented by the estimated fault strike and dip. Fault surfaces can be constructed by directly linking the oriented fault samples with consistent fault strikes and dips. For complicated cases with missing fault samples and noisy samples, we further propose to use a perceptual grouping method to infer fault surfaces that reasonably fit the positions and orientations of the fault samples. We apply these methods to 3D synthetic and real examples and successfully extract multiple intersecting fault surfaces and complete fault surfaces without holes.
The Creation of a Discretionary Welfare State: Professionalization and the Politics of Welfare Reform in Hungary

(1998). The Creation of a Discretionary Welfare State: Professionalization and the Politics of Welfare Reform in Hungary. Journal of Social Sciences: Vol. 2, Open-Ended History: Dangers and Dilemmas of Transmition, pp. 159-172.
SFS: A Secure File System with Scalability and Reliability Features on Distributed Storage Devices

Nowadays, the world is going through an era with tremendous information explosion and demanding security requirement. To tackle them, both data management and system infrastructure should be deployed with consideration of security, scalability and reliability. Data security has to be addressed with scalability consideration. In the mean time, multiple data replicas are spread across nodes in distributed storage networks for high availability. Work load, traffic, and node appearance at system level can affect the availability at data level. New storage systems should consider data storage management and system deployment cooperatively.
Are We Spending Wisely? Impact of POSNA Grants on Scholarly Productivity and Future Funding Success.

Background The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) funds grants to improve pediatric musculoskeletal care and maximize new knowledge through publications, presentations, and further funding. We assessed the productivity of POSNA grants by number and rate of grant-specific publications, citations, and extramural funding; determined whether project type or completion status was associated with extramural funding; and compared the success of POSNA-funded versus all other podium presentations by publication rate and POSNA awards. Methods We reviewed final reports for all 85 POSNA grants from 2003 to 2014. To determine grant productivity, we assessed the publication, presentation, and extramural funding rates, and the percentage of grants that achieved at least 1 scholarly output (publication or presentation). Citation counts were determined within 3 years after publication. Results Overall, each grant achieved ~1.53 publications and 15.4 citations. Thirty-three percent secured extramural funding. However, 25% of grants could not be tracked to a scholarly product. Projects that reached completion and were of the basic science type (compared with clinical) were more likely to receive extramural funding. Compared with all other podiums, a greater proportion of POSNA-funded presentations led to a publication (64% vs. 48%, respectively; P=0.02) and were more likely to receive a POSNA award. Approximately 52% of funded projects were not presented at POSNA meetings. Conclusions Although most POSNA-funded projects led to scholarly output, 25% of them produced no publications or podium presentations. POSNA-funded projects were more likely to lead to a publication and to have a higher chance of winning a POSNA award compared with all other projects. The POSNA grant process is effective at identifying impactful research, but continued process improvement, such as a prospectively maintained database of grant recipient productivity and improved tracking of grant submission histories, are both in development as the first steps to improve accountability of grant recipients in translating their projects to scholarly products.
Traffic signal control by leveraging Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) vehicle platooning capabilities

Abstract Vehicles equipped with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) have the capability to broadcast their real-time speed and location information via wireless communications. They can also safely operate in multi-vehicle strings while keeping shorter than normal gaps among adjacent vehicles in the high-speed traffic stream. Such capabilities can greatly benefit the management of urban signalized intersections. In this study, we have developed a cooperative signal control algorithm that adopts the CACC datasets and the datasets collected by the traditional fixed traffic sensors to predict the future traffic conditions. The prediction allows the signal controller to assign signal priority to the intersection approach that accommodates the most CACC strings. Such a control strategy can significantly enhance the CACC string operation, which ultimately improves the overall intersection performance. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been tested in a simulated 4-way signalized intersection. The algorithm substantially outperforms the traditional actuated controller as it perceives the traffic flow more comprehensively and assigns the green time resource more efficiently than the traditional controller. Particularly, the average vehicle speed and the average vehicle miles travelled per gallon fuel consumed (MPG) can be increased by more than 10% when the CACC market penetration is 100%. In mixed traffic where CACC fleets frequently interact with manually driven vehicles, the algorithm is found to be more beneficial. The speed and MPG improvement exceed 30% when the CACC market penetration is 40%. The signal control algorithm can bring about significant benefit even when the CACC market penetration is 0%. In this case, it completely relies on the datasets obtained from the traditional traffic sensors. This finding demonstrates the robustness of the algorithm. It makes the proposed algorithm suitable to implement in real-world intersections under various CACC market penetrations and different levels of vehicle connectivity.
Dual-Angle Imaging System (DAISy) for Determining the Thickness of a Dielectric Thin Film

A team of undergraduate engineers in Optics were tasked to build a Dual-Angle Imaging System (DAISy) to measure the physical thickness of a dielectric film on silicon. This paper details their working prototype design.
Impact on the Family of Raising Children With Rare Diseases: A Propensity Score Approach

Date Presented 04/05/19 This study investigated the impact on the family of raising children with rare diseases. The findings support an evidence-based approach to improving the well-being of these families. Primary Author and Speaker: Yoonjeong Lim Additional Authors and Speakers: Matt Hayat, Natalie Tripp
Review of Cinema/Politics/Philosophy

Review of Nico Baumbach, Cinema/Politics/Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. 248 pp. ISBN 9780231184236, $28.00 (pbk)
pKa values in the undergraduate curriculum: introducing pKa values measured in DMSO to illustrate solvent effects

The concepts of acidity and pKa values often occupy a privileged place in the undergraduate organic chemistry curriculum. However, by neglecting the relationship between solvent and acidity, many students come to understand acidity as a fixed property of a molecule, invariant regardless of reaction conditions. Moreover, the sole use of pKa values measured in water leads to serious analytical faults in several important areas of the introductory organic curriculum. In this paper, we consider the (mis)uses of aqueous pKa values in the organic curriculum and their pedagogical effects, argue for the adoption of pKa values measured in an organic solvent (DMSO) in organic textbooks and reference materials, and explore the thermodynamic origin of the effect of solvent on acidity. Suggestions for class discussions and activities are provided.
Transmundificar: encontrar seu caminho nos espaços e negociar o eu no ensino on line

Drawing on data from a 42-month ethnography of refugee networks in Arizona, I explore refugee youth forging hybrid identities and spaces in US educational contexts. Utilizing the notion of space-making (Das Gupta, 2006), I demonstrate how they simultaneously stream webcam video from a refugee camp or music from their home countries while completing lessons in an online credit recovery program or high school course. They engage in what I refer to as transworlding, or the practice of mediating emergent identities and navigating figured worlds (Holland; Lachicotte; Skinner; Cain, 1998) of refugee learning while challenging normative and marginalizing educational practices.
Alzheimer-Related Cerebrovascular Disease in Down Syndrome

OBJECTIVE Adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology by their 5th decade. Compared with the general population, traditional vascular risks in adults with DS are rare, allowing examination of cerebrovascular disease in this population and insight into its role in AD without the confound of vascular risk factors. We examined in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology in adults with DS, and determined their cross-sectional relationship with age, beta-amyloid pathology, and mild cognitive impairment or clinical AD diagnostic status. METHODS Participants from the Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome study (n = 138, 50 ± 7 years, 39% women) with MRI data and a subset (n = 90) with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were included. We derived MRI-based biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), as well as PET-based biomarkers of amyloid burden. Participants were characterized as cognitively stable (CS), mild cognitive impairment-DS (MCI-DS), possible AD dementia, or definite AD dementia based on in-depth assessments of cognition, function, and health status. RESULTS There were detectable WMH, enlarged PVS, infarcts, and microbleeds as early as the 5th decade of life. There was a monotonic increase in WMH volume, enlarged PVS, and presence of infarcts across diagnostic groups (CS < MCI-DS < possible AD dementia < definite AD dementia). Higher amyloid burden was associated with a higher likelihood of an infarct. INTERPRETATION The findings highlight the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in adults with DS and add to a growing body of evidence that implicates cerebrovascular disease as a core feature of AD and not simply a comorbidity. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1165-1177.
When and how personality predicts workplace safety: Evaluating a moderated mediation model.

Abstract Introduction: Though previous research has linked personality and workplace safety, results have been inconsistent. Aims of the present study were to understand when and how personality factors predict safety performance. Methods: With 492 working adults, a moderated mediation model was tested whereby the relationship between personality and safety behavior was mediated by safety motivation and moderated by situation strength (i.e., safety climate perceptions). Results: Findings indicate that, aside from extraversion, safety motivation mediated all relationships between FFM personality traits and safety behavior. The mediated relationship between conscientiousness and safety motivation was attenuated by safety climate perceptions. However, relationships between all other personality traits and safety motivation, and ultimately safety behavior, remained consistent or, in the case of extraversion, was augmented at higher levels of safety climate perceptions. Conclusion: Results demonstrate an empirical basis for how and when personality translates into safety behavior at work. Additionally, findings provide a theoretical explanation for the mixed results among previous studies of personality’s relationship with safety outcomes. Implications are discussed for employee selection and training practices in safety-intensive industries.
Eat to Beat Stress

There is a tendency to accept anxiety as an inevitable part of living in a stressful modern world. However, simple dietary changes can help attenuate the stress response. While there are several approaches to treating anxiety, research by Peter Roy-Byrne in 2015 has shown that only 50% to 60% of people respond to medication and psychotherapy, and only a quarter of patients have complete resolution of their symptoms. According to statistics from the National Institute of Mental health, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety disorders were the most common mental health disorder in the United States, about 3 times more common than depression (18.1% vs 6.7%). A recent Express Scripts survey showed the percent increase in the number of new prescriptions for antianxiety medications by the middle March 2020 for antianxiety medications was 37.7%, underscoring the likely rise in anxiety associated with the pandemic. While traditional medications and therapies are well needed, to beat stress during times of a pandemic, it is important to think more broadly about how we can best affect our mental well-being. One of those ways is through our nutrition and dietary habits, and research by Opie et al in 2015 demonstrates that our dietary choices are more crucial than ever. This column reviews foods and substances that are important to consider in managing anxiety.
Of humans and other “humans” also known as nahums: sameness and difference in Eustace Palmer’s Canfira’s Travels

In this paper, I show how Palmer’s novel—through a privileging of a discourse of sameness and difference duality—illustrates and interrogates notions of self and otherness. What is self, and what i...
Minocycline for symptom reduction in patients with multiple myeloma during maintenance therapy: a phase II placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) experience substantial cancer/treatment-related symptom burden during maintenance therapy. This is a phase II randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial to examine the effect of minocycline for symptom reduction by its potential anti-inflammatory effect. Eligible MM patients for maintenance therapy were randomized to receive minocycline (100 mg twice daily) or placebo. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for MM (MDASI-MM) was used to assess multiple symptoms weekly during the trial. Clinician-rated toxicities and blood samples were prospectively collected. The effect size, area under the curve (AUC), and t tests were used to determine the symptom burden between treatment groups and identify the 5 most-severe MDASI-MM symptoms. The longitudinal analysis compared the changes in symptom severity and associated inflammatory markers between groups over time. Sixty-nine evaluable MM patients (33 from the intervention group and 36 from the placebo group) were included. No grade 3+ adverse events related to study medication were noted. The AUCs for the 5 worst MDASI-MM symptoms (fatigue, pain, disturbed sleep numbness/tingling, and drowsiness) were not significantly different between two arms. Regardless of group assignment, pain reduction was positively associated with decreased serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors 1 and 2 during therapy (all P < 0.05). This pPhase II randomized study observed no statistically significant positive signal impact from minocycline on symptom reduction or inflammatory markers during maintenance therapy for MM, although using minocycline was feasible and had a low toxicity profile.