cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental constraints on the fractionation of 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios due to adsorption of CO2 on mineral substrates at conditions relevant to the surface of Mars

We report here measurements of fractionations of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes between CO_2 vapor and CO^2 adsorbed on kaolinite, basalt, or fluorite. Carbon-isotope fractionations between adsorbate and vapor (Δ^(13)C_(a-v) = 1000 · 1n (α_(a-v)), where α = ^(13)C/^(12)C_(adsorbate))/(^(13)C/^(12)C_(vapor)); ∼δ^(13)C_(adsorbate)-δ^(13)C_(vapor)) exhibit a ∼1‰ enrichment of ^(13)C in the vapor phase for all substrates and temperatures over the range 190 to 230 K. These fractionations are ‘reversed’ relative to the common expectation that heavy isotopomers should be concentrated into condensed phases relative to coexisting vapor (Lindemann, 1919). Oxygen-isotope fractionations between adsorbate and vapor are complex: Comparison of experiments using vacuum-baked substrates to those in which substrates were not vacuum-baked suggests that exchange between one or both phases of CO_2 and water adsorbed on the sample surfaces influences the ^(18)O/^(16)O fractionation between vapor and adsorbate and changes the ^(18)O/^(16)O composition of the total CO_2 in the experiment. In experiments on vacuum-baked substrates, oxygen results exhibited ‘normal’ fractionation of ∼1.8‰ (that is, ^(18)O preferentially partitioned into the adsorbed CO_2). No evidence was found for measurable exchange of oxygen isotopes between structural oxygen in mineral substrates and CO_2 adsorbed on those substrates. The observation that ^(13)C is enriched in the vapor phase may help account for subtle (per mil to tens of per mil) enrichments of ^(13)C estimated for the Martian atmosphere as compared to bulk terrestrial carbon.
Mixed halide complexes of lead. A comparison with theoretical predictions

Experimentally and theoretically derived formation constants of mixed lead halide complexes are compared at 25.0°C and one molar ionic strength. The formation constant of PbBrCl, β11=79±10, is somewhat larger than the theoretical results, β11=55, predicted using the formation constants of PbBr2 and PbCl2. The molar absorptivity of PbBrCl was observed to be intermediate in character between the molar absorptivities of PbBr2 and PbCl2. Determinations of the formation constants of PbBr2Cl− and PbBrCl2 − are in reasonable agreement with the predictions based on the formation constants of PbBr3 − and PbCl3 −. Mixed ligand species dominated the complexation scheme of Pb(II) in our test media.
Exploratory analysis of paleoecological data using the program CanoDraw

This paper attempts to persuade the reader that methods of direct gradient analysis may serve as a basis for more detailed exploration of the data and that these exploration methods can be also used for checking the appropriateness of the assumptions of the applied ordination method. Generalized linear models and generalized loess smoothing together with several ways of data presentation are used to explore a sample data set.
High-resolution measurement of the pressure broadening and shift of the Cs D 1 and D 2 lines by N 2 and He buffer gases

We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the cesium $D1$ (894 nm) and $D2$ (852 nm) lines by nitrogen and helium buffer gases at pressures of 0--160 Torr using high-resolution spectroscopy with tunable external-cavity diode lasers. This measurement has a precision of about 1%, which significantly improves upon previously published measurements for the Cs $D1$ and $D2$ lines in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and He buffer gases.
Ectoglycosyltransferase activity in suspensions and monolayers of cultured fibroblasts

Abstract Fibroblasts suspended by a brief exposure to EDTA have the ability to transfer the carbohydrate moiety of exogenous nucleotide-sugars to endogenous acceptors. Monolayers of the same cells do not have this ability. Both suspensions and monolayers can transfer carbohydrate to exogenous glycose acceptors. The cells can glycosylate exogenous desialized, β-glactosidase treated fetuin utilizing either UDP-[14C]-galactose as a direct donor or [3H]-galactose as a precursor to a glycose donor.
Toward A Redefinition of Management

The article reports the author's opinions regarding the popular definition of management. He suggests that the popular job description for management, which incorporates tasks such as business planning, organizing, directing, and motivating, is limiting and inaccurate. The author proposes that a more accurate description of industrial management would include an element of goal-attainment.
Relationship between metabolism and differential toxicity in insects and mice of diazinon, dimethoate, parathion, and acethion.

The persistence and metabolism of Diazinon®,( O,O -diethyl O -(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioated) dimethoate, parathion, and acethion ( O,O -diethyl S -carboethoxy-methyl phosphorodithioate) have been studied in the mouse, American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana (L.)), and house fly ( Musca domestica L.). The results have been used to explain the selective toxicity of three of these compound toward insects as compared with mamamals. For Diazinon, selectivity is attributed to high levels of oxygen analog in the susceptible species. For dimethoate and acethion, selectivity is attributed to a persistence of unaltered parent compound in the whole body. Small differences were found in Diazinon absorption and metabolism by normal and Diazinon-resistant house flies.
A scenario of Mesozoic-Cenozoic ocean circulation over the Blake Plateau and its environs

After the continental breakup of North America, Africa, and Europe, a sluggish, wind-driven circulation gyre probably formed in the juvenile North Atlantic basin. Surface flow in the western Atlantic Ocean during the Early Cretaceous likely was northward along the seaward edge of an extensive reef that flourished offshore of North America. Sometime during the Late Cretaceous, the surface circulation in the Gulf of Mexico had evolved into a clockwise rotary pattern as the exchange of water with the Pacific Ocean diminished. By latest Cretaceous time, a vigorous easterly current flowed through the Suwannee Strait of southern Georgia and northern Florida, injecting copious amounts of water and sediment into the western Blake Plateau basin. This flow pattern apparently persisted into Paleocene time. During late Paleocene and early Eocene time, strong northerly flow through the Straits of Florida and across the Blake Plateau was established. This represented the onset of Gulf Stream circulation over the Blake Plateau. The position of the Gulf Stream shifted repeatedly across the northern and central plateau during the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods. The westernmost track was located along the inner Blake Plateau parallel to the Florida-Hatteras Slope; the easternmost track was 500 m lower, bathymetrically, and crossed the central plateau and continental slope just north of the Blake Spur. The Gulf Stream apparently shifted in response to changes in water depth on the Blake Plateau that accompanied global fluctuations of sea level. During rises of sea level, the Gulf Stream drifted westward until it impinged on the Florida-Hatteras Slope and Outer Shelf. During lowerings of sea level, the Gulf Stream was deflected progressively eastward across the central plateau by the Charleston Bump, a prominent bathymetric bulge of the northern Blake Plateau.
The Friendship Features of Preschool Children: Links with Prosocial Behavior and Aggression

This study assessed features of young children's friendships and determined whether the features reported were associated with prosocial and aggressive behavior. Teachers completed the friendship features questionnaires (FFQ) on the mutual friendships in their class identified by the 98 children who were interviewed (M age =3.91 years). Four subscales (support, conflict, exclusivity/intimacy, and asymmetry) were differentiated from the 36-item questionnaire. Teacher reports of friendship features showed moderate inter-rater reliability and were associated with teacher reports of aggression and prosocial behavior and peer reports of acceptance and rejection. Friendship support was positively correlated with prosocial behavior, friendship conflict was positively correlated with overt aggression and peer rejection, and friendship exclusivity/intimacy was positively associated with relational aggression and negatively with peer acceptance. Findings are consistent with research on school age children's friendship features and their behavioral correlates.
Heart transplantation in Japan: an historical précis.

r i The article “Facts and Ideas From Anywhere” in the January 2012 issue of the Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings reminded the reader that Japan’s surrender after the econd World War was followed by 7 years of United States ccupation that sought to restructure the health care system as art of the goal of democratization. Reconstruction continued fter Japan regained sovereignty in 1952. The government had lready succeeded in changing medical practice from Chinese o Western medicine. Universal health insurance was estabished in 1961. Unlike other Asian countries, Japan did not ermit independent schools of Chinese medicine. Despite these forward steps, organ transplantation lagged ar behind. Japan’s first heart transplantation was performed in 968, several months after the world’s first heart transplantaion in the Republic of South Africa. The recipient died, the rocedure was stigmatized in Japan, and in an unfortunate isplay of irony, the Japanese surgeon, who should have been eralded as a pioneer, was sued for murder of the donor. The strict transplantation laws in Japan reflected strong ndercurrents of religious and superstitious sentiments against ‘defiling’” the body of a recently deceased individual. Conucianism teaches that our bodies should be kept intact even fter death because they are gifts from our parents and our ncestors. The blend of Confucian, Shinto, Taoist, and Budhist sentiment fueled a social consensus that organ transplanation devalued both this life and the afterlife. Organs could not e removed until the body was dead. Strict laws defined death s cessation of the heartbeat. Once the heartbeat stops, the rgan rapidly deteriorates and becomes unsuitable for translantation. Japan, Pakistan, and Poland were the only major ations that did not recognize brain death. In 1983, the Japanese Transplantation Society began to ublicize the necessity and urgency of organ transplantation, nd the Ministry of Health and Welfare established a commitee on brain death and transplantation. In 1985, the committee istinguished “medical criteria for brain death” from “the conept of human death,” and declared that the latter depended on opular consensus. Ordinary people at the bedside of a family ember could not accept brain death, because the patient’s ody was still warm and moist. Why did the Japanese reject the concept of brain death, hich was accepted in so many other countries? Brain death is invisible death” that conflicts with everyday intuition. In 994, the Diet was presented with a bill to permit organ emoval from brain-dead patients if family consent were obained, but the bill did not pass. The long-lasting debate on organ transplantation in Japan as finally resolved on April 24, 1997. By a vote of 323 to
Photonic Crystal and Plasmonic Silicon-Based Light Sources

Efficient silicon (Si)-compatible emitters can realize inexpensive light sources for a variety of applications. In this paper, we study both photonic crystal (PC) and plasmonic nanocavities that enhance the emission of Si-compatible materials. In particular, we examine the coupling of silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) to silicon nitride PC cavities and Si-NCs in silicon dioxide to plasmonic gratings, both for enhancement of emission in the visible wavelengths. In addition, we also observe the enhancement of the 1530 nm emission from erbium-doped silicon nitride films coupled to Si PC cavities. Finally, we analyze the loss mechanisms associated with the hybrid silicon nitride/silicon system, and propose advancements in the designs of PC and plasmonic cavities for the emitters described in this paper.
The Human‐As‐Waste, the Labor Theory of Value and Disposability in Contemporary Capitalism

Abstract: This paper takes issue with various theoretical perspectives that examine waste within the context of consumption, distribution, or excretion, yet fail to address capitalism as a totalizing mode of production. In failing to do this, these theories are not able to make the conceptual leap to the human-as-waste. By contrast, this paper engages in a production-level theoretical standpoint and argues that capitalism, in its reduction of labor to a factor of production, speaks a logic of human disposability. On the one hand, the body of the laborer is used up or wasted at accelerated rates so as to secure the most profit. On the other hand, the exigencies of capitalist profit-making may lead to this factor of production being excreted (as a form of waste) into unemployment or underemployment, creating surplus populations that are separated partially or fully from domains of capitalist exchange and social life. This rethinking of labor as a factor that is expended or excreted allows for a re-examination of both waste and capitalism, and points toward the natural and historical limits of the capitalist mode of production.
Microelectromechanical devices for wireless communications

An overview of recent progress in the research and development of microelectromechanical devices for use in wireless communication sub-systems is presented. Among the specific devices described are tunable micromachined capacitors, integrated high-Q inductors, low loss micromechanical switches, and micro-scale vibrating mechanical resonators with Q's in the tens of thousands. Specific applications are reviewed for each of these components with emphasis on methods for miniaturization and performance enhancement of existing and future wireless transceivers.
In Vivo Assay to Screen for Mutagens/Carcinogens in the Nematode C. Elegans

An in vivo mutagenesis assay has been developed in Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living soil nematode. The assay takes advantage of three unique properties of this animal: (1) a large population of animals can be grown for mutagenesis assay (>500,000); (2) the animal has a short generation time (3 days at 25° C); and (3) homozygous recessive mutants can be readily generated (the animal is normally hermaphroditic). We have isolated a series of mutant strains which are small in size relative to “wild- type,” and we have used these mutants as genetic markers to detect mutagenesis. The assay is the reversion of small animals to larger “wild-type” animals. Revertants can be readily counted because of the great difference in size. A filtering system which can detect rare revertants in a population of 500,000 has been developed. Mutagenized small animals are allowed to swim through a uniform nylon mesh; revertants—which are much larger than mutants—are trapped on top of the filter and are subsequently counted. Known mutagens benzo(a)pyrene, 2-anthramine, MMS, EMS, and acridine orange, as well as “blind” chemicals from the Research Triangle Institute were tested. Our assay system can detect microgram quantities of chemicals; and, so far, the test with this animal does not require the addition of special S-9 preparations for activation.
Efficient Buffering in Reliable Multicast Protocols

Reliable multicast protocols provide all-or-none delivery to participants. Traditionally, such protocols suffer from large buffering requirements, as receivers have to buffer messages, and buffer sizes grow with the number of participants. In this paper, we describe an optimization that allows such protocols to reduce the amount of buffering drastically at the cost of a very small probability that all-or-none delivery is violated. We analyze this probability, and simulate an optimized version of an epidemic multicast protocol to validate the effectiveness of the optimization. We find that the buffering requirements are sub-constant, that is, the requirements shrink with group size, while the probability of all-or-none violation can be set to very small values.
The inadunate crinoid genus Cryphiocrinus Kirk

Cryphiocrinus Kirk is a genus which may possess a delicate stem, or may lose the stem as an adult, making it essentially eleutherozoic. C. girtyi Kirk, type species, is documented with certainty from Chesterian rocks of Oklahoma and Arkansas for the first time. C. rotundus Kirk is reported from the Renault Formation of Illinois and a possible occurrence in the Pride Mountain Formation of Alabama is noted. The genus has previously been recognized in Chesterian, Upper Mississippian, (Lower Carboniferous), strata exposed in West Virginia, Kentucky and Oklahoma, U.S.A. Possible affinity with Hosieocrinus Wright from the Lower Limestone Group (Visean) in Scotland is discussed.
Interpreting Oral Pathology at Machu Picchu, Peru

This study analyzes oral pathological conditions—caries, antemortem tooth loss, and occlusal macrowear—among adults (N = 70) interred at Machu Picchu, Peru. Previous isotopic diet reconstructions at Machu Picchu suggest substantial early-life variation that may have narrowed somewhat by the last decade of life. This study seeks to further elucidate the intersection of diet, sex, and health at Machu Picchu by analyzing oral pathological conditions with existing carbon and nitrogen isotopic data. Observed caries prevalence is corrected to control for age and tooth loss, and is described for both anterior and posterior teeth; wear data are scored and reported for individual tooth types. Results indicate caries prevalence consistent with carbohydrate-rich diets and no significant difference between males and females. However, no significant isotopic parameters are associated with caries prevalence in young adult males, while caries prevalence is significantly associated only with enamel carbonate δ13C in older adult males. Dietary protein sources, but not C4 resources, are associated with caries prevalence in young adult females, and to a lesser degree in older adult females. Significant associations between occlusal wear and caries exist among young adult males and young adult females, but involving different tooth types. These findings suggest differential protein consumption at Machu Picchu between males and females, and separate masticatory and physiological processes shaping caries prevalence between the sexes at the site. This study therefore underscores the role that gender roles may have played in diet variation among this population and the need to account for sex in analyzing oral pathology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Salvage Prostatectomy for Radiation Resistant Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We report on outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy as salvage local therapy for radiation resistant prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for biopsy proven prostate cancer after primary radiation treatment. Patient characteristics, intraoperative and perioperative data, and oncological and functional outcomes were assessed.Results: A total of 18 patients were identified with a median followup of 18 months (range 4.5 to 40). Primary treatment was brachytherapy in 8 patients and external beam radiation in 8, while 2 underwent proton beam therapy. Median age at salvage robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was 67 years (range 53 to 76). Median preoperative prostate specific antigen was 6.8 ng/ml (range 1 to 28.9) and median time to surgery after primary treatment with radiation was 79 months (range 7 to 146). Median operative parameters for...
Unintended Pregnancy and State Abortion Policy: Rational Choice or Random Behavior?

The rational choice model argues that restrictive state abortion laws, by increasing the cost of engaging in unprotected sexual activity, will induce women to adopt alternative birth control methods and reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy. The random behavior model argues that women’s decisions to engage in unprotected sexual activity are independent of a state’s restrictive abortion laws. The random behavior model predicts that restrictive state abortion laws will have no effect on the incidence of unintended pregnancy. An analysis of the unintended pregnancy rates for the 50 U.S. states for the years 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 finds no empirical evidence that restrictive state abortion laws reduce state unintended pregnancy rates. Such a conclusion is inconsistent with the rational choice model, but consistent with the random behavior model.
Dramatic improvement of hot-electron-induced interface degradation in MOS structures containing F or Cl in SiO/sub 2/

The effects of F and Cl incorporated in SiO/sub 2/ on the susceptibility of the metal/SiO/sub 2/ (MOS) interface to hot-electron damage have been studied. It has been found that, by introducing a very small amount of F or Cl in the thermal SiO/sub 2/, the generation of interface traps by Fowler-Nordheim tunneled hot electrons can be greatly suppressed. In addition, the gate-size dependence of hot-electron-induced interface traps, which is normally observed in samples made of dry oxides, does not appear in such chlorinated or fluorinated samples. When excess amounts of F or Cl are introduced into SiO/sub 2/, however, the benefits mentioned will diminish. The possible roles that F and Cl play that lead to the experimental observations are discussed. >
False-positive interferences of common urine drug screen immunoassays: a review

Urine drug screen (UDS) immunoassays are a quick and inexpensive method for determining the presence of drugs of abuse. Many cross-reactivities exist with other analytes, potentially causing a false-positive result in an initial drug screen. Knowledge of these potential interferents is important in determining a course of action for patient care. We present an inclusive review of analytes causing false-positive interferences with drugs-of-abuse UDS immunoassays, which covers the literature from the year 2000 to present. English language articles were searched via the SciFinder platform with the strings 'false positive [drug] urine' yielding 173 articles. These articles were then carefully analyzed and condensed to 62 that included data on causes of false-positive results. The discussion is separated into six sections by drug class with a corresponding table of cross-reacting compounds for quick reference. False-positive results were described for amphetamines, opiates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, tricyclic antidepressants, phencyclidine, lysergic acid diethylamide and barbiturates. These false-positive results support the generally accepted practice that immunoassay positive results are considered presumptive until confirmed by a second independent chemical technique.
Beam-based undulator field characterization and correction at DUV-FEL

We present the results of the commissioning of the 10 m long NISUS undulator of the Deep Ultra Violet Free Electron Laser (DUV-FEL) project. The magnet and diagnostics geometry is discussed and tolerances on the beam trajectory straightness are shown. The beam-based alignment algorithm and its application to correct the NISUS field errors are described.
Human nutrition needs and parasitic infections.

The series of articles that follow in this volume deals with specific aspects of how parasites might influence nutrient utilization by their human hosts. To put these aspects of parasitic disease in context, this contribution is intended to provide an overview of human nutritional needs and to introduce concepts of how nutritional consequences of parasitic infection might be viewed. Although parasitic diseases are often considered to be those caused by protozoa and helminths, the principles considered here can be applied to any infectious agent, including bacteria and viruses.
The Use of Portfolios for Students with Autism

Portfolios are increasingly being used in educational settings and provide benefits to all stakeholders in the educational process. They are especially useful for students with autism spectrum disorders because they allow for the collection and communication of authentic data across a variety of skill areas and settings. This article explains the benefits of portfolio usage for students with autism spectrum disorders and details what to include and how to organize the portfolio so that students, parents, and professionals reap the maximum benefit.
Risk-Return Associations: Paradox or Artifact? An Empirically Tested Explanation

Paradox or at Least Variance Found: A Comment on Mean-Variance Approaches to Risk- Return Relationships in Strategy: Paradox Lost Author(s): Philip Bromiley Source: Management Science, Vol. 37, No. 9 (Sep., 1991), pp. 1206-1210 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2632336 . Accessed: 28/03/2013 13:46 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. INFORMS is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Management Science. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.200.35.235 on Thu, 28 Mar 2013 13:46:50 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
A system of systems engineering environment to deal with complex situations

This paper describes a SoSE environment designed to facilitate the problem-solving process of complex situations. Complex situations can be seen as the behavior of a system of systems that needs to be transformed to a desirable state. This is addressed by exploring the impact and implications of systems analysis and design within a social/group setting where many stakeholders with issues, concerns and independent perspectives develop solutions sets. To achieve this objective, the environment was designed to facilitate, in a social setting; (1) assessment of the complexity of the situation, (2) structure of possible frameworks from which the situation can be dealt with and (3) Take the situation to a desirable state.
White Working-Class Women and the Race Question

In Towards the Abolition of Whiteness David Roediger tells the story of Covington Hall, the editor of a newsletter published by the Brotherhood of Timber Workers in Louisiana in 1913 and 1914. Roediger deftly analyzes efforts by Hall and other white writers in the brotherhood to construct cross-racial unity within an otherwise racially torn working class. He shows how Hall redrew the lines of solidarity: On one side were the degraded, of any race.On the other were enlightened workers who eschewed racial divisions, racist language, and stereotypes. “There are white men, Negro men, and Mexican men in this union, but no niggers, greasers or white trash,” proclaimed Ed Lehman, a soapbox speaker for the Brotherhood. A headline in the newsletter similarly asked readers to choose, “SLAVES OR MEN, WHICH?” Still more graphically, a cartoon commanded, “Let all white MEN and Negro MEN get on the same side of this rotten log.”
Elections, Governments, and Parliaments in Proportional Representation Systems

This paper presents a theory of parliamentary systems with a proportional representation electoral system, a formateur selected based on party representation in parliament, and parties that cannot commit to the policies they will implement once in government. Government formation involves efficient proto-coalition bargaining, and elections yield unique strong Nash equilibrium outcomes. Depending on the status quo, minimal-majority, surplus, or consensus governments can form. If parties and voters are myopic and the status quo is subject to shocks, consensus governments and centrist policies occur only in a crisis. Otherwise, governments are minimal winning, and policies reflect only the preferences of the government parties.
Robust T-cell responses to aspergillosis in chronic granulomatous disease: implications for immunotherapy

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients are highly susceptible to invasive aspergillosis and may benefit from aspergillus-specific CD4+ T-cell immunotherapy, which shows promise in diseases with known T cell defects like patients post bone marrow transplant. However, the aspergillus-specific CD4+ T-cell response is largely uncharacterized in CGD. Hence, we studied the aspergillus-specific T-cell response in both murine models of CGD and CGD patients. We hypothesized that T cell function is intact in CGD, but the response may be affected by the neutrophil dysfunction.Our results showed that in both mice and humans, the CD4+ T-cell response to aspergillus was unimpaired in CGD. In fact, aspergillus specific T-cell frequencies were elevated in CGD in both mice (p<0.001) and humans (p=0.02). Further, murine models depleted of CD4+ T-cells, were resistant to aspergillus infection similar to their wildtype counterparts. In contrast, mice depleted of neutrophils, or neutrophils and CD4+ T-cells, developed clinical and pathologic evidence of pulmonary aspergillosis and increased mortality compared to non-depleted animals (p<0.05 in both cases). Additionally, despite having high levels of endogenous IFNγ CGD patients remain susceptible to aspergillosis. T-cells however may play a compensatory role against aspergillus, since we also demonstrated that CGD mice depleted of CD4+ T-cells have increased susceptibility to infection with the fungus (p=0.04). Nevertheless, these results suggest that aspergillus specific T cells, while functional, do not seem to provide complete protection against aspergillus in the setting of neutrophil deficient states such as CGD.In conclusion, CGD patients remain susceptible to aspergillus despite having a robust aspergillus-specific CD4+ T-cell response. Therefore, in the setting of neutrophil dysfunction, T-cells are unlikely to be beneficial as a primary immunotherapeutic strategy for this disorder. Hence future studies investigating strategies to simultaneously enhance both the innate and the adaptive immune response are warranted.
Sister Mary Joseph nodule

Learning points for clinicians Sister Mary Joseph nodule can be as the first signal of advanced intra-abdominal malignancy. It could be easily mistaken for omphalitis, cyst, hernia and skin disease, which leads to the delayed finding of primary tumors. Umbilical nodule in an adult patient should be considered as metastasis until proven otherwise. A 53-year-old man with known stage IV bladder cancer, diagnosed in 2011, was admitted to the hospital for progressive fatigue and diffuse abdominal pain. In 2011, abdominal CT scan revealed a tumor (5.9 × 6.4 cm) in the bladder with muscle-layer invasion, abutting the right internus muscle, and right …
New Mandatory Reporting Requirements for Dietary Supplements and Nonprescription Drugs Solve Very Little

Despite packaging and labeling designs that often make them appear very similar to prescription drugs, dietary supplements and nonprescription drugs are subject to a regulatory scheme more often characterized by what the FDA cannot do than by what it can. As the Ephedra scare demonstrated, FDA oversight has not assured that supplements are safe or even contain the ingredients listed on their labels. Amid calls for increased oversight of this $20 billion per year industry, Congress recently enacted the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act (DSNDCPA) in 2006. This legislation institutes new reporting requirements for serious adverse events linked to the use of dietary supplements and nonprescription drugs. This short article, which first provides a brief review of the Act, concludes that while the legislation may address some shortcomings, it is unlikely to substantially increase manufacturer or supplier accountability.
Psychometric Properties of the Social and Emotional Health Survey With a Small Sample of Academically At-Risk Adolescents:

The present study examines the psychometric properties of the Social and Emotional Health Survey (SEHS), which is a 32-item self-report behavior rating scale for assessing youths’ social–emotional competencies, with a small sample (N = 77) of academically at-risk students attending a limited-residency charter school. This study is the first to explore the technical adequacy of the SEHS with a concentrated sample of at-risk youth in an alternative school context, located in a different geographic locale compared with the SEHS’s original development samples. Findings indicate that the SEHS composite scales were internally reliable and demonstrated internal convergent validity with each other as well as external discriminant validity with indicators of teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results also indicate that several of the SEHS’s subscales had poor internal reliability in the present sample, and thus the usefulness of the subscales for applied purposes seems questionable. Limitat...
Postobstructive Pneumonia: An Underdescribed Syndrome

Background. Postobstructive community-acquired pneumonia (PO-CAP) is relatively common in clinical practice. The clinical syndrome is poorly defined, and the role of infection as a cause of the infiltrate is uncertain. We prospectively studied patients with PO-CAP and compared them to a cohort of patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (B-CAP). Methods. We prospectively studied patients hospitalized for CAP; 5.4% had PO-CAP, defined as a pulmonary infiltrate occurring distal to an obstructed bronchus. Sputum and blood cultures, viral polymerase chain reaction, urinary antigen tests, and serum procalcitonin (PCT) were done in nearly all cases. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with PO-CAP were compared to those of patients with B-CAP. Results. In a 2-year period, we identified 30 patients with PO-CAP. Compared to patients with B-CAP, patients with PO-CAP had longer duration of symptoms (median, 14 vs 5 days; P < .001). Weight loss and cavitary lesions were more common (P < .01 for both comparisons) and leukocytosis was less common (P < .01) in patients with PO-CAP. A bacterial pathogen was implicated in only 3 (10%) PO-CAP cases. PCT was <0.25 ng/mL in 19 (63.3%) patients. Although no differences were observed in disease severity or rates of intensive care unit admissions, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in PO-CAP vs B-CAP (40.0% vs 11.7%; P < .01). Conclusions. Although there is substantial overlap, PO-CAP is a clinical entity distinct from B-CAP; a bacterial cause was identified in only 10% of patients. Our study has important implications for the clinical recognition of patients with PO-CAP, the role of microorganisms as etiologic agents, and the use of antibiotic therapy.
The Role of Founder and Other Family Participation on US Private Foundation Efficiency

Founders make significant financial contributions in creating US private foundations. Therefore, we hypothesize that founders monitor foundation operations and predict a positive relation between founder participation and foundation efficiency. In contrast, we propose competing hypotheses in examining the relation between other family member participation and foundation efficiency. Other family member participation has the potential to enhance foundation efficiency if founders are able to transfer their philanthropic values to their progeny. However, other family participation also has the potential to diminish foundation efficiency if the founders’ withdrawal leaves their foundations without true principals to monitor managerial actions. We find that both founder and other family participation are positively associated with foundation efficiency. We also provide limited evidence that the positive association between founding family participation and foundation efficiency is transferred to second generation family members, but is not transferred to subsequent generations.
Gunshot Injuries to the Spine.

After experiencing a peak more than two decades ago, the incidence of gunshot injuries has recently stabilized1,2. Nevertheless, the effects of gunshot injuries to the spine and associated neurological sequelae continue to be substantial. In fact, approximately 14% of all civilian spinal cord injuries since 2010 are …
Iterative weighted average diffusion as a novel external force in the active contour model

The active contour model has good performance in boundary extraction for medical images; particularly, Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) active contour model shows good performance at concavity convergence and insensitivity to initialization, yet it is susceptible to edge leaking, deep and narrow concavities, and has some issues handling noisy images. This paper proposes a novel external force, called Iterative Weighted Average Diffusion (IWAD), which used in tandem with parametric active contours, provides superior performance in images with high values of concavity. The image gradient is first turned into an edge image, smoothed, and modified with enhanced corner detection, then the IWAD algorithm diffuses the force at a given pixel based on its 3x3 pixel neighborhood. A forgetting factor, φ, is employed to ensure that forces being spread away from the boundary of the image will attenuate. The experimental results show better behavior in high curvature regions, faster convergence, and less edge leaking than GVF when both are compared to expert manual segmentation of the images.
Compulsive Buying Disorder: A Review and Update

Compulsive buying disorder (CBD) refers to the chronic purchasing of unneeded or unwanted items, causing significant negative consequences. There are no established criteria for CBD, and operational definitions have relied on similarities with OCD, substance use disorders, and impulse control disorders. Compulsive buying disorder is common, affecting 5.8% of the general population, according to one study. Typically, CBD has early onset, frequent comorbidities, and a chronic course. The etiology of CBD is unknown, with biological, psychological and sociocultural factors proposed as likely contributors. Treatment data are limited and suggest addressing comorbid conditions and considering cognitive behavioral therapy, financial and family counseling, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and naltrexone, among other possible interventions, to target CBD. Beyond treatment, educational, legislative and family-based public policy initiatives can likely help individuals with CBD and other excessive spenders.
Early Departures from Normative Processes of Social Engagement in Infants with Autism Spectrum Disorder

From the first moments of life, typically developing infants perceive social stimuli as relatively more salient than other competing stimuli. Through ongoing cycles of seeking and acting upon such stimuli, infants transform their understanding of the social world, leading to increasingly refined social abilities and specialized brain circuitry for social processing. By contrast, diminished interest in a wide variety of adaptive social stimuli is a pervasive, early emerging, and enduring feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reduced attention to such stimuli exerts a compounding influence on development as a child with ASD fails to accrue an increasingly longer list of social experiences that would otherwise play a foundational role in social development and functional brain specialization. In this chapter, we review the canalizing role of preferential attention to social stimuli on behavior and brain development in typical infancy. We also review what is known about the early development of infants who are later diagnosed with ASD, with a focus on early departures from normative developmental trajectories of social visual engagement. We focus primarily on visual attention to the eyes of others as a paradigmatic example of an early emerging foundational social ability, that, when disrupted, is both a marker of emerging social disability and a compounding influence on subsequent development. Finally, we examine the accumulative consequences of departures from normative developmental trajectories of social visual engagement, as children with ASD develop increasingly greater specialization in things other than the social world.
In PB Manufacture Testing Management System Management System Data Sheet Structure Revision

"The ExaminationManagement System",according to th e employment characteristics of the present college students,combing with the realistic conditions of our university.utilices the net programming language-dreamweaver and the language the net data base-PHP,to complete the establishment of the employment work and achieve the aim that the graduates'information is put on line,in order to support the college students who are going to graduate with a broader space of applying for the vacants.
Interactions between cannabinoid receptor agonists and mu opioid receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys discriminating fentanyl

Cannabinoid receptor agonists such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) enhance some (antinociceptive) but not other (positive reinforcing) effects of mu opioid receptor agonists, suggesting that cannabinoids might be combined with opioids to treat pain without increasing, and possibly decreasing, abuse. The degree to which cannabinoids enhance antinociceptive effects of opioids varies across drugs insofar as Δ(9)-THC and the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940 increase the potency of some mu opioid receptor agonists (e.g., fentanyl) more than others (e.g., nalbuphine). It is not known whether interactions between cannabinoids and opioids vary similarly for other (abuse-related) effects. This study examined whether Δ(9)-THC and CP55940 differentially impact the discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl and nalbuphine in monkeys (n=4) discriminating 0.01mg/kg of fentanyl (s.c.) from saline. Fentanyl (0.00178-0.0178mg/kg) and nalbuphine (0.01-0.32mg/kg) dose-dependently increased drug-lever responding. Neither Δ(9)-THC (0.032-1.0mg/kg) nor CP55940 (0.0032-0.032mg/kg) enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl or nalbuphine; however, doses of Δ(9)-THC and CP55940 that shifted the nalbuphine dose-effect curve markedly to the right and/or down were less effective or ineffective in shifting the fentanyl dose-effect curve. The mu opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.032mg/kg) attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl and nalbuphine similarly. These data indicate that the discriminative stimulus effects of nalbuphine are more sensitive to attenuation by cannabinoids than those of fentanyl. That the discriminative stimulus effects of some opioids are more susceptible to modification by drugs from other classes has implications for developing maximally effective therapeutic drug mixtures with reduced abuse liability.
Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of the Patient With Pancreatic Cancer

Most patients who have pancreatic cancer present with advanced disease that is not amenable to surgery. For patients whose disease is amenable to surgery and who are managed with surgical resection alone, local
Cotton: Factors Associated with Assimilation Capacity, Flower Production, Boll Set, and Yield

Nearly all cotton yield physiology research has been conducted on either Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) or G. barbadense (Pima or extra-long staple cotton) since these two species represent more than 90% of the world’s cultivated cotton crop. Therefore, this chapter will primarily review the literature dealing with upland and Pima cotton genotypes. The history of introductions that led to upland and Pima cottons was described by Meredith (1991). The role of genetics in improving yield and fiber quality of cotton were presented in reviews by Meredith (1984a, 1991) and Culp (1994).
Endovascular Treatment of Popliteal Aneurysm

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysm procedure with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
Estimation of hourly and daily evapotranspiration and soil moisture using downscaled LST over various urban surfaces

Surface moisture is important to link land surface temperature (LST) to people’s thermal comfort. In urban areas, the surface roughness from buildings and urban trees impacts wind speed, and conseq...
Abstract 236: Local Wall Thickness in Finite Element Models Improves Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth

Objective Growing evidence suggests that peak wall stress (PWS) derived from finite element analysis (FEA) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) predicts clinical outcomes better than diameter alone. Prior models assume uniform wall thickness (UWT). We hypothesize that inclusion of locally variable wall thickness (VWT) into FEA of AAAs will improve the ability to predict clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with AAAs (n=26) undergoing radiologic surveillance were identified. Custom MATLAB algorithms generated UWT and VWT aortic geometries from CTA images, which were subsequently loaded with systolic blood pressure using FEA. PWS and aneurysm growth (as a proxy for rupture risk and the need for repair) were examined. Results The average radiologic follow-up time was 22.0±13.6 months and the average aneurysm growth rate was 2.8±1.7 mm/year. PWS in VWT models significantly differed from PWS in UWT models (238±68 vs 212±73 kPa, P=0.025). In our sample, initial aortic diameter was not found to be correlated with aneurysm growth (r=0.26, P=0.19). A stronger correlation was found between aneurysm growth and PWS derived from VWT models as compared to PWS from UWT models (r=0.86 vs r=0.58, P=0.032 by Fisher’s r to Z transformation). The three panels in the figure demonstrate the correlation between aneurysm growth rate and (1) initial diameter, (2) PWS using UWT model, and (3) PWS using VWT model, respectively. Conclusion The inclusion of locally variable wall thickness significantly improved the correlation between PWS and aneurysm growth. Aortic wall thickness should be incorporated into future FEA models to accurately predict clinical outcomes.
CHANGES IN FOLLOW-UP LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY PREVENTION ICD RECIPIENTS

BACKGROUND Heart failure patients with primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) may experience an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) over time. However, it is unclear how LVEF improvement affects subsequent risk for mortality and sudden cardiac death (SCD).
Investigation of Tin (Sn) Film Using an Aerosol Jet Additive Manufacturing Deposition Process

The quality of a Sn film deposited by the aerosol process is compared against the quality of Sn films deposited with traditional electroplating. Using the aerosol additive deposition technique, a Sn film was deposited on a brass substrate and exposed to room (25°C) temperature environments for 30 days, followed by a laser photosintering process. The film characteristics and content, formation of intermetallic compounds, residual stress distribution, grain texture, and the tendency of the film to grow Sn whiskers were analyzed. The preliminary results show a successful deposition of Sn film with an aerosol jet process and tensile residual stresses, whereas it was compressive in nature for electroplated Sn film. X-ray diffraction results also show the absence of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation in the aerosol jet-deposited film, while electroplated Sn film has a significant presence of IMC. The aerosol jet-deposited Sn film has the potential to resist nucleation of Sn whiskers under the operating conditions used in this study.