cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal assessment of depression during the first year after stroke: Dimensionality and measurement invariance

Abstract Objective Repeated measurement of depression using summative scores of commonly used depression scales assumes that the construct is unidimensional and invariant across time, but little is known about the validity of these assumptions in stroke patients. The study examined the assumptions during the first year after mild to moderate stroke using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Methods Data were obtained from the 2014–2016 Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project, a population-based stroke surveillance study with longitudinal follow-up in Texas, United States. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-8 at 3, 6, and 12 months post-stroke (n = 648, 542, 533, respectively). Dimensionality of the PHQ-8 was examined using exploratory bifactor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Based on a one-factor CFA model, longitudinal measurement invariance was examined by fitting configural, weak, strong and strict invariance models sequentially. Results Mean age was 65.6 (SD = 11.2), half were women, and 56.7% were Mexican American. Reliability measures suggested a generally unidimensional construct (Omega Hierarchical: 0.79–0.86), good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.84–0.88) and good temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.838). Configural invariance for equality of item-factor structure (RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.982, WRMR = 0.970) was supported. Partial weak invariance for equality of factor loadings (p = 0.11) was supported by chi-square difference tests, whereas full longitudinal invariance was supported by changes in comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation. Conclusions The findings suggest the PHQ-8 may be a reasonable tool for repeated measurement of depression in stroke patients, and more research on its longitudinal psychometric properties is needed.
Pursuing Desires Rather Than Duties? The Motivational Content of Gender Stereotypes

In the current research we provide initial documentation of the motivational content of gender stereotypes. Drawing from regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1987, 1997), we distinguish between whether traits are perceived to be motivated by ideals, including hopes, dreams, and aspirations, and oughts, including responsibilities, duties, and obligations. In two studies of U.S. Midwestern undergraduates, participants rated the extent to which the traits of men or women are motivated by ideals or oughts. Study 1 included 137 introductory psychology students who rated gender stereotypic traits (e.g., competitiveness for men; sensitivity for women); Study 2 included 118 introductory psychology students who rated gender stereotypic or counterstereotypic traits (e.g., competitiveness for women; sensitivity for men). In both Studies 1 and 2, we demonstrate that people perceive women as especially motivated by ideals rather than oughts but men as equivalently motivated by ideals and oughts. These patterns emerge regardless of trait stereotypicality. In Study 3, we examined the relationship between perceptions of role flexibility and the perception of ideal motivation using a sample of 214 introductory psychology students from the Midwestern U.S. We found evidence that ascriptions of ideal motivation are associated with perceptions of role flexibility, which are greater for women. We discuss the implications of these beliefs for the legitimization of the existing gendered social system.
Minimization of the Energy Consumption in Motion Planning for Single-robot Tasks☆

Abstract Recently, the importance of sustainable manufacturing has been widely discussed. The optimization of energy consumption in product manufacture has been deeply analyzed, mainly focusing on the energy directly absorbed by the manufacturing process. On the contrary, this paper focuses on the analysis and optimization of the energy consumption related to auxiliary robotic assembly processes, contributing to the identification of sustainable manufacturing strategies for pick and place robots. It proposes a methodology for the automatic generation of robot trajectories and the sequencing of the robot task, while minimizing the energy consumption. A probabilistic roadmap is created to identify a collision-free and minimum energy consumption trajectory for each couple of feasible tasks. Trajectory power consumption is evaluated exploiting dynamic information coming from the real robot motion planner using a model that takes into account the energy behavior of motors and drives and their operative conditions. A set of generated trajectories is selected, defining the task sequence and minimizing the robot cycle time. The differences between the results deriving by employment of the energy consumption minimization criterion versus time minimization criterion are presented through a simplified case.
Updating United Nations to Maintain Upward Trajectory of American Power and Influence

The 9/11 attacks have created a new willingness to interfere in the internal affairs of others, while the Iraq war has revealed the power-role disequilibrium at the UN. I propose Secular Democratic Council (SDC) with the moral authority to act on the domestic affairs of any country. Restrictive membership and a novel voting formula based on literacy, population size, GDP and good governance can maintain international equilibrium, without the veto power. Although the SDC checks the US power, it can enhance American influence in the long run, while reducing the burden on the US taxpayers.
Control considerations for high frequency, resonant, power processing equipment used in large systems

Addressed is a class of resonant power processing equipment designed to be used in an integrated high frequency (20 KHz domain), utility power system for large, multi-user spacecraft and other aerospace vehicles. It describes a hardware approach, which has been the basis for parametric and physical data used to justify the selection of high frequency ac as the PMAD baseline for the space station. This paper is part of a larger effort undertaken by NASA and General Dynamics to be sure that all potential space station contractors and other aerospace power system designers understand and can comfortably use this technology, which is now widely used in the commercial sector. In this paper, we will examine control requirements, stability, and operational modes; and their hardware impacts from an integrated system point of view. The current space station PMAD system will provide the overall requirements model to develop an understanding of the performance of this type of system with regard to: (1) regulation; (2) power bus stability and voltage control; (3) source impedance; (4) transient response; (5) power factor effects; and (6) limits and overloads.
Synthetic Efforts Toward, and Biological Activity of, Thyrsiferol and Structurally-Related Analogues

Abstract Marine natural products have played an important role in the discovery of novel biologically active compounds. Thyrsiferol was originally isolated off the coast of New Zealand from a marine red algae of the genus Laurencia. Several analogues having similar structural features have been identified and their biological properties investigated and identified. The array of activities is significant and includes: cytotoxic, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activity, the specific inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A, and apoptotic cell death in human leukemic T- and B-cell lines. Therefore, it is of interest to design and develop methods that would make these compounds accessible in the laboratory through synthetic organic chemistry. This review will discuss the biological properties and synthetic endeavors that have been used to access thyrsiferol and related analogues.
Association of the Bloom Syndrome Protein with Topoisomerase IIIα in Somatic and Meiotic Cells

Bloom syndrome (BS) is characterized by genomic instability and cancer susceptibility caused by defects in BLM, a DNA helicase of the RecQ-family (J. German and N. A. Ellis, The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer, pp. 301–316, 1998). RecQ helicases and topoisomerase III proteins interact physically and functionally in yeast (S. Gangloff et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 14: 8391–8398, 1994) and in Escherichia coli can function together to enable passage of double-stranded DNA (F. G. Harmon et al., Mol. Cell, 3: 611–620, 1999). We demonstrate in somatic and meiotic human cells an association between BLM and topoisomerase IIIα. These proteins colocalize in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies, and this localization is disrupted in BS cells. Thus, mechanisms by which RecQ helicases and topoisomerase III proteins cooperate to maintain genomic stability in model organisms likely apply to humans.
Block placement using the segment tree data structure from computational geometry

Since Murata et al introduced the elegant topological representation of a block placement configuration called sequence-pair (IEEE Trans. CAD of ICs and Systems, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1518-1524, 1996), there has been significant research effort in the field of encoding systems for non-slicing floorplans. This paper presents a block placement technique operating on the set of binary tree representations of the layout-called B*-trees (Y.-C. Chang et al, Proc. 37th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conf., pp. 458-463, 2000). The novelty of this approach is due to an efficient B*-tree evaluation based on a data structure called segment tree (J.L. Bentley, Res. Report, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh PA, 1977), mainly used in computational geometry. Experimental results using device-level analog placement problems as benchmarks confirm the efficiency of the novel exploration approach.
Gastroesophageal reflux and lung disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can cause respiratory symptoms and may trigger, drive and/or worsen airway disorders, interstitial lung diseases and lung allograft dysfunction. Whether lifestyle changes and acid suppression alone can counter and prevent the adverse effects of GER on the respiratory tract remains unclear. Recent data suggest that antireflux surgery may be more effective in preventing lung disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or lung transplant recipients who have evidence of allograft dysfunction associated with the presence of excessive GER. Additional research and clinical trials are needed to determine the role of GER in various lung disorders and identify which interventions are most efficacious in preventing the respiratory consequences of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition, measuring biomarkers that indicate that gastric refluxate has been aspirated into the lower respiratory tract (e.g., pepsin and bile acid concentrations in bronchoalveolar lav...
Indicadores de política comercial - um survey*

o artigo apresenta inicialmente uma breve revisao teorica compreendendo os topicos de protecao nominal, protecao efetiva e custo dos recursos domesticos. Tal revisao e feita a guisa de introducao do survey propriamente dito, onde entao sao apresentados estu­ dos empiricos relacionados aqueles topicos de politica comercial, e elaborados para o caso brasileiro, dando-se enfase aos trabalhos mais recentes. Procura-se, no capitulo reservado as conclusoes, combinar os tres enfoques numa analise global, de forma a possibilitar a avaliacao mais adequada do desempenho da politica comercial, principal­ mente no periodo que sucedeu o primeiro choque do petroleo.
New Observational Results Concerning Jupiter's Great Red Spot

The changing size and aspect ratio of the Great Red Spot from 1880 to 2000 are reviewed, indicating that the length of the system has decreased significantly over the last 100 years and continues to decrease at present at a rate of 0.19 degrees per year. Voyager IRIS maps of para hydrogen fraction and potential temperature over the system are presented, showing the internal structure and surrounding areas at pressures from 100 to 500 mbars. In these maps, the GRS appears as a cold temperature anomaly and a low para fraction anomaly. Vertical structure analyses and wind velocity measurements are presented from data acquired by the Galileo spacecraft in 1996 and 2000, respectively. The vertical structure data suggest a very thick, white, cloud deck with a top near 800±100 mbars and an extended, blue-absorbing, optically thick haze up to about 200 mbars with a thin stratospheric haze above it. The wind field shows a substantial increase in the maximum tangential velocity from 150 to 190 m s−1 over the Galileo time period. The vertical structure analyses from Galileo data and the wind and temperature fields from Voyager data all show evidence of a tilt to the Great Red Spot at the cloud deck from north to south and more subtly from east to west. The data support the hypothesis of the GRS as a tilted “pancake” with temporal variability to the tilt.
Iodine-125 brachytherapy in the treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver.

BACKGROUND The liver is the site of distant failure in > 33% of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Liver resection is the only potentially curative option in these patients. Patients with incompletely resected liver lesions (due to the proximity to critical vascular structures) are at high risk of dying of progressive disease in the liver. This pilot study was performed to determine whether the intraoperative implantation of iodine-125 (I-125) seeds could reduce the recurrence and improve the survival of patients with incompletely resected liver metastases. METHODS Fifty-six patients with unresectable or residual disease after surgical resection of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma underwent permanent implantation with I-125 seeds to deliver 160 gray to the periphery of the target volume. RESULTS The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actuarial control rates of liver disease were 41%, 23%, and 23%, respectively. The 5-year actuarial control of liver disease was better for patients with a solitary metastasis (39%) than for those with multiple metastases (9%) (P = 0.04). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actuarial overall survival rates were 71%, 25%, and 8%, respectively (median, 20 months; 95% confidence interval, 17–23). The radiation-related complications were minimal. CONCLUSIONS I-125 liver brachytherapy is feasible with minimal radiation-related morbidity. Good prognostic factors for long term liver control and survival are the presence of a solitary metastasis, postresection minimal residual disease requiring smaller volume implants, and no prior liver resections. Future prospective trials should be directed toward this patient population, which has the highest probability of obtaining improved results from the local dose escalation provided by brachytherapy. Adjuvant regional chemotherapy clearly is needed due to the high rate of liver recurrence and ultimate death from liver failure observed in spite of liver resection and brachytherapy. Cancer 1999;85:1218–25. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-2 around the time of elongation in the pig conceptus☆

Abstract Alterations in uterine luminal fluid composition as a result of conceptus estradiol-17β production are believed to play a significant role in the loss of 30–40% of potential pig conceptuses. Shortly after the initiation of conceptus estradiol-17β synthesis and secretion, the conceptuses are transformed from 1 cm spheres to 2–5 cm tubular forms and finally to filamentous threads of variable length via a process known as elongation. We have attempted to characterize gene products whose expression is either initiated or terminated as the conceptus elongates. Using RNA fingerprinting, we determined that the inducible form of the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase-2, is expressed in the filamentous pig conceptus, but not in either the spherical or transitional morphologies. Furthermore, increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 by the filamentous conceptus was associated with increases in the content of prostaglandins (particularly prostaglandin E 2 ) found in uterine luminal fluid.
Study of concerted and sequential photochemical Wolff Rearrangement by femtosecond UV-vis and IR spectroscopy.

Photoinduced Wolff rearrangements were studied by femtosecond time-resolved UV−vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopy. For BpCN2COCH3 in acetonitrile the IR data indicate the presence of at least two mechanisms of ketene formation. The first process is fast proceeding in either 1BpCN2COCH3*, or in a hot carbene, or in both species, while the second is slow proceeding through the intermediacy of a relaxed carbene. The slow time constant of the ketene formation dynamics obtained by ultrafast IR (700 ps) spectroscopy agrees with the relaxed carbene decay of 800 ± 100 ps obtained by UV−vis absorption spectroscopy.
Kinetics of the isomerization of 1,2,6-azidodiaquo(1-azonia-4,7,10-triazadecane)-chromium(III) cation and of the stepwise hydrolysis of 1,2,3-azidodiaquo(1-azonia-4,7,10-triazadecane)chromium(III) cation☆

Abstract The isomerization of 1,2,6-Cr(trienH)(OH2)2N33+ to the 1,2,3 isomer and the stepwise hydrolysis of 1,2,3-Cr(trienH)(OH2)2N36+ have been spectrophotometrically and chromatographically investigated in 1–3 F HClO4 (μ = 1–3 M, NaClO4) from 15°C (first stages) to 70°C (last stages). Acid catalysis was found in each case. The first hydrolysis step, to form Cr(trienH2)(OH2)3N34+, occurs solely by CrN bond rupture of the triethylenetraamine ligand without loss of the azido ligand, but in the next stage, Cr(trienH2)(OH2)3N34+ hydrolyses concurrently to Cr(trienH3)(OH2)4N35+ and Cr(trienH2)(OH2)45+, each of which in turn hydrolyses to Cr(trienH3)-(OH2)56. Rate constants and apparent activation energies are reported. The d−d absorption spectra of these complexes are given.
The interplanetary magnetic field - Solar origin and terrestrial effects.

Many observations related to the large-scale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field, its solar origin and terrestrial effects are discussed. During the period observed by spacecraft the interplanetary field was dominated by a sector structure corotating with the sun in which the field is predominantly away from the sun (on the average in the Archimedes spiral direction) for several days (as observed near the earth), and then toward the sun for several days, etc. The average sector appears to be a coherent entity with internal structure such that its preceding portion is more active than its following portion. Cosmic rays corotate with the interplanetary field, and there are differential flows associated with the sector pattern. Profound effects on geomagnetic activity and the radiation belts are produced as the sector pattern rotates past the earth. The solar origin of the sector pattern is discussed. The solar source may be associated with the large-scale weak background photospheric fields observed with the solar magnetograph. It is suggested that there may be a rather continual relation between this solar structure and terrestrial responses, of which the recurring M-Region geomagnetic storms are just the most prominent example.
Implantation of cardioverter defibrillators in the post-sternotomy patient☆

In an attempt to minimize the hazards of redo sternotomy or thoracotomy in patients who have undergone previous cardiac procedures, a technique has been developed for cardioverter defibrillator implantation that involves dissection through a left subcostal incision and placement of extrapericardial defibrillation patches. This approach was used in 22 consecutive patients who required an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 4 to 156 months after previous median sternotomy. Defibrillation threshold energy was less than or equal to 20 J in every patient. Ninety-one percent of patients were extubated during the first 24 hours and were transferred out of the intensive care unit by the second postoperative day. One patient died of an acute myocardial infarction 3 days postoperatively (1/22, 4.5%). It was necessary to replace one lead for mechanical failure of an adapter, one patch required repositioning, and 1 patient needed drainage of a persistent pleural effusion (3/22, 13.6%). No further complications occurred during 3 to 27 months of follow-up. Advantages of the subcostal approach included prompt extubation, a single incision, and minimal morbidity. This approach is safe and effective, and is the method of choice for implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator in patients who have undergone prior sternotomy.
Laser spectroscopy of the system of CuOH and CuOD

Abstract The A 1 A′- X 1 A′ electronic transition of CuOH and CuOD in the red at 6285 A has been measured at high resolution by laser excitation spectroscopy. Effective spectroscopic constants for 63CuOH, 65CuOH, 63CuOD, and 65CuOD have been determined from rotational analyses of the unperturbed Ka subbands and a partial rs structure was evaluated for the molecule. The geometric parameters in the excited A 1 A′ state are r Cu−O = 1.7748(32) A , r O−H = 1.0348(40) A and ⩽ CuOH = 111.0(16)°
Volcanic Eruptions on Io: Heat Flow, Resurfacing, and Lava Composition

We model an infrared outburst on Io as being due to a large, erupting lava flow which increased its area at a rate of 1.5 x 10(exp 5)/sq m and cooled from 1225 to 555 K over the 2.583-hr period of observation. The inferred effusion rate of 3 x 10(exp 5) cu m/sec for this eruption is very high, but is not unprece- dented on the Earth and is similar to the high eruption rates suggested for early lunar volcanism. Eruptions occur approxi- mately 6% of the time on Io. These eruptions provide ample resurfacing to explain Io's lack of impact craters. We suggest that the large total radiometric heat flow, 10(exp 14) W, and the size and temperature distribution of the thermal anomalies (McEwen et al. 1992; Veeder et al. 1994) can be accounted for by a series of silicate lava flows in various stages of cooling. We propose that the whole suite of Io's currently observed thermal anomalies was produced by multiple, high-eruptive-rate silicate flows within the past century.
Processing Performance and Yarn Quality of Unopened-Boll-Harvested Cotton1

The processing performance of unopened-boll-harvested cotton was inferior to that of normally-harvested cotton, characterized primarily by fibers sticking to the rolls of processing machinery. The stickiness was attributed to high sugar levels. Yarn quality of unopened-boll cotton was equal to or superior to that of the normally-harvested cotton. Dust levels produced by unopened-boll cottons during carding were signifi cantly lower than those produced by normally-harvested cotton.
Temporal and spatial variability of sea level and volume flux in the Murderkill Estuary

Abstract The instantaneous sea level determined at two sites in the Murderkill Estuary, a tributary of Delaware Bay, results from the superposition of temporal variability operating over different time and spatial scales. Over the relatively short tidal time scales, the semidiurnal tides that represent the dominant tidal constituents in lower Delaware Bay show a modest increase in tidal amplitudes from the bay mouth (Lewes, Delaware), up to Bowers Beach (the mouth of the Murderkill Estuary). However, as the tides propagate into the Murderkill Estuary, the semidiurnal constituents undergo heavy attenuation, resulting in a 48% reduction in tidal amplitude from Bowers to Frederica (approximately the extent of saline intrusion). The diurnal tide, on the other hand, experiences only a 25% reduction in amplitude. The limited tidal asymmetry that is observed may be a result of interaction between flows in the tidal channel and the adjacent salt marsh. At longer time scales, the subtidal sea level experiences no attenuation. The Murderkill Estuary thus behaves like a low pass filter to preferentially damp out high frequency sea level forcing from lower Delaware Bay. The subtidal volume flux in the Murderkill is highly coherent with the time rate of change of sea level, indicating that the Murderkill basically co-oscillates with Delaware Bay in a standing wave fashion over the subtidal time scale. This remote coupling controls more than 90% of the variance in subtidal sea level in the estuary. The surface slopes in the lower bay and the Murderkill Estuary are closely correlated with winds along the orientation of the two waterways, consistent with the effect of local wind on subtidal sea level.
Cryofragility and other membrane characteristics of solid mouse tumors.

Abstract The membrane fragility of Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma (ROS) was compared with that of other solid tumors in an attempt to explain its sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The sensitivity of ROS to freezing, hypotonicity, and to the mechanical insult of homogenization was determined by bioassay. The results were compared with those obtained with an ROS subline resistant to cyclophosphamide (ROS/CPA), with melanoma B16 and the recently induced sarcoma S1976, the latter two being relatively drug-resistant tumors. Representative values of the viability as expressed by percent of tumor takes were: (a) after storage at −78 °C for 24 hr in Earle's balanced salt solution without DMSO, for ROS 0%, ROS/CPA 11%, B16 82%, and S1976 100%; (b) after incubation at 37 °C for 2 hr in distilled water, for ROS 0%, ROS/CPA 0%, B16 42%, and S1976 80%; (c) after mechanical dispersion in a tissue grinder, for ROS 17%, ROS/CPA 28%, B16 100%, and S1976 100%. Relevant therapeutic indices for ROS, B16, and S1976 were: for single doses of cyclophosphamide 12, 3.1, 3.5, melphalan 3.5, 1.5, 1.5, medphalan 4.2, 1.5, 1.2 and for 6 daily doses of 5-fluorouracil 1.5,
Feasibility of coaxial through silicon via 3D integration

Three-dimensional (3D) integration of coaxial through silicon vias (TSVs) is becoming an area of considerable interest owing to their superior high-frequency performance in comparison to standard 3D interconnects. However, in contrast to standard TSVs, coaxial TSVs require more processing to integrate the ground shield surrounding the copper via. Cost-effective methods for implementing coaxial TSV technology with CMOS processing are challenging. Demonstrated is a low-cost fabrication method for integrating coaxial TSVs within the confines of a standard CMOS process is demonstrated.
Quantum efficiency study of photoexcited states in fullerenes

Abstract We present a comparative study of photoluminescence (PL) and photoinduced absorption (PA) excitation spectroscopy, resonant Raman (RR) spectroscopy and electroabsorption (EA) of C 60 and C 70 from 1.5 eV to 4.5 eV. In C 60 solid-state films, a salient feature at 2.3 eV was observed, which manifests itself as a peak in the PL excitation and RR spectra, as an onset in the excitation spectra of charge carriers and triplet excitons, and as the first prominent derivative feature in the EA spectrum. In contrast, these features are absent in the case of isolated C 60 molecules. We attribute the 2.3 eV feature to a charge transfer state in solid C 60 . A similar charge transfer state was also observed in solid C 70 at 2.15 eV.
Genetic Latent Structure Analysis of Dysmorphology in Attention Deficit Disorder

ABSTRACT Dysmorphology—in the form of minor physical anomalies—has been frequently reported in children with attention deficit disorder (ADD). The authors report an overrepresentation of minor physical anomalies in both ADD probands and their first-degree relatives. Further, ADD probands who are not dysmorphic have non-ADD relatives who are dysmorphic; this familial pattern suggests that a single underlying factor may influence transmission of both traits. A genetic latent structure model was fit to these data to describe the factor's mode of transmission. In this analysis, an autosomal dominant model emerged. Successfully fitting this model is not equivalent to testing the validity of the model itself. Meaningful tests of the model will require larger samples than available at present, and would benefit from diagnostic refinement of the ADD and dysmorphic phenotypes.
On unconditional basis property of sine and cosine systems

It is proved that the systems of functions {sin(n−βx}n=1∞ and {cos(n−βx}n=1∞ are not unconditional bases in the spaces Lp(0, π), p≠ 2.
Application of curvilinear coordinates to dislocation density fields around cracks in linear elastic-plastic solids

Abstract Dislocation density fields can be found from either gradients of the stress field components (including the rotation pseudo-stress component) or from gradients of the plastic strain components. The latter method is most easily done if the plastic strain components are expressed in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. In this paper are presented appropriate curvilinear coordinate systems for the three types of cracks in plane strain and antiplane strain. The crack is considered to be in a linear elastic–plastic solid with no yield stress. Using these curvilinear coordinates it is possible to complete the earlier dislocation based solution for modes I, II and III cracks in such solids and place on firmer ground the surprising dislocation crack tip anti-shielding result for the mode I crack. Also given in this paper are the equations, in plane strain and antiplane strain, for strain compatibility and stress functions expressed for a general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system.
Supervision in Behavioral Health: Implications for Students, Interns, and New Professionals

Behavioral health providers (BHPs) are trained by their respective programs and professions on the importance of communicating with other professionals around patient care, yet few are trained on how to provide collaborative care and work as part of a team. New clinical innovation models, such as integrated care, punctuate the need to further develop training methods to best equip the next generation of BHPs to work in collaborative settings. Supervision is a tool that students, interns, and new professionals can use to help them navigate new and unfamiliar territory in health care settings. This manuscript will describe the steps of choosing a supervisor, provide elements that must be considered when developing a supervision contract, offer a template for crafting a document that will assist with assessing fidelity to one’s practice and maximize consistency and productivity in the supervision process, and detail the potential supervision dynamics in different levels of clinical collaboration. Supervision that is tailored to the BHPs level of clinical collaboration in their given practice setting can provide a structure for the supervision process.
A simple dipole isomerization model for non-equilibrium solvation dynamics in reactions in polar solvents☆

Abstract A simple model for dipole isomerization reactions in polar solvents is studied. A full dynamical treatment at the generalized Langevin equation level reveals several non-equilibrium solvation regimes in which the rate constant differs considerably from the standard equilibrium solvation, transition state theory predictions. In addition, the solvent is found to be heavily involved in the reaction coordinate, in contrast to the standard equilibrium solvation view. The marked differences from a Kramers Langevin equation level description are also described. In each regime, the rate constant and reaction coordinate are found analytically, and typical reaction system-solvent trajectories are displayed. A related normal-mode description convenient for strong reaction system-nearest-neighbor solvent dipole interactions is constructed. In this perspective, non-equilibrium solvation effects on rates and reaction coordinates are interpreted in terms of a bias of the reactive motion towards the direction of least friction.
Occurrence of the Red Bat, Lasiurus borealis, in Caves

The red bat is customarily categorized as a “tree bat”, a species selecting trees rather than caves for roosting. We wish to record here the finding of an alive and healthy adult male red bat in Bat Cave, Carter Caves State Park, Carter County, Kentucky, on July 30, 1954. The bat was found hanging by the hind feet from the low ceiling of a side chamber of the cave at least 150 feet from the main entrance during the middle of the afternoon. It was torpid and covered with droplets of condensed moisture. The air temperature at different places within the cave was 54°F. Occurring concurrently in the same cave as the red bat, but not associated with it, were …
Effect of two soil moisture levels and wetting‐drying cycles on manganese release in NaCl‐amended soils

Abstract Effect of two moisture levels (22.5 and 13.5%, w/w) and wetting‐drying cycles on manganese solubility was studied in NaCl‐amended soil. During 6 d incubation, higher moisture level released 40‐fold more water‐soluble Mn and 60‐fold more NH4OAc‐exchangeable‐Mn in non‐salinized soil. In NaCl‐treated soil, 50 to over 200% greater soluble and exchangeable Mn was recovered from samples incubated at 22.5% compared to 13.5% water levels. Wetting‐drying cycles significantly (P≤0.05) decreased water‐soluble Mn, which accounted for 50 to 60% increases in the exchange‐able Mn. Since other non‐oxidizing/reducing cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) also demonstrated similar behavior, it is proposed that in addition to oxidation upon drying and reduction upon wetting, the increases in exchangeable Mn and simultaneous decreases in soluble Mn concentration are due to sorption processes. These results suggest that under field conditions, the insolubility of Mn due to continued wetting‐drying cycles may eventually lead to Mn ...
Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis induced by dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in the mouse oral cavity: A potential new model for oral cancer

Cancer of the oral cavity is a serious disease, affecting about 30,000 individuals in US annually. There are several animal models of oral cancer, but each has certain disadvantages. As a new model, we investigated whether topical application of the tobacco smoke carcinogen, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is mutagenic and carcinogenic in the oral cavity of the B6C3F1 lacI and B6C3F1 mouse, respectively. B6C3F1 lacI mice received DB[a,l]P (0, 3, 6, 12 nmol) 3× per week. B6C3F1 mice received the same doses and also 24 nmol. At 38 weeks mutagenesis was measured in oral tissues in lacI mice. For the high dose group, the mutant fraction (MF) in upper mucosa and tongue increased about twofold relative to that in vehicle-alone. The increases were statistically significant. The mutational profile in the DB[a,l]P-induced mutants was compared with that induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in oral tissue. BaP is mutagenic in many tissues when administered by gavage. The mutational profile for DB[a,l]P was more similar to that reported for p53 mutations in head and neck cancers than was that of BaP. At 47 weeks, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were found in 31% of the high-dose B6C3F1 group. Elevations of p53 and COX-2 protein were observed in tumor and dysplastic tissue. As DB[a,l]P induces mutations and tumors in the oral cavity, and has a mutational profile in oral tissue similar to that found in p53 in human OSCC, the treatment protocol described here may represent a new and relevant model for cancer of the oral cavity.
Spectral challenges of individual wavelength-scale particles: strong phonons and their distorted lineshapes.

Beyond our own interest in airborne particulate matter, the prediction of extinction and absorption spectra of single particles of mixed composition has wide use in astronomy, geology, atmospheric sciences, and nanotechnology. Single particle spectra present different challenges than traditional spectroscopic approaches. To quantify the amount of a material in a bulk sample (molecules in solution or the gas phase), one might employ the Beer–Lambert law assuming a simple slab-type assay geometry and averaging over orientation, whereas with single particles one might have a specific orientation and require a nonlinear, Mie-like particle theory. The complicating single particle issues include: strong and broad scattering at wavelengths similar to the particle size, phonon lineshape phase shifting, particle shape effects, distortion of transition lineshapes by strong vibrational bands, bi- and trirefringence, crystal orientation effects including dispersion, and composition mixtures. This work uses a combination of three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD) calculations and experimental infrared spectra on single, crystalline quartz particles to illustrate some of the challenges – in particular the distortion of lineshapes by strong phonons that lie within a range of strong scattering. It turns out that many mineral dust components in the inhalable size range have strong phonons. A Mie–Bruggeman model for single particle spectra is presented to isolate the effects of strong phonons on lineshapes which has utility for analysing the spectra of single, mixed-composition particles. This model will ultimately enable the determination of volume fractions of components in single particles that are mixtures of many materials with strong phonons, as are the dust particles breathed into people's lungs.
Acute hemolysis of transfused A2 red cells by an auto-HI antibody

BACKGROUND: Anti-HI is a common cold autoantibody that complicates serologic testing for underlying alloantibodies and has only rarely been associated with hemolysis. An unusual case of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) due to an anti-HI autoantibody in a subgroup A1 patient transfused with A2 red blood cells (RBCs) is reported. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old man presented to the hospital with anemia and gastrointestinal tract bleeding. His medical history was significant for congestive heart failure, obesity, and pulmonary hypertension. On admission, he was noted to have a hemoglobin level of 7.7 g per dL and therefore transfusion of RBCs was ordered. The patient was group A, D– with a reactive antibody screen due to a cold autoantibody with HI specificity. Further serologic investigation did not detect any alloantibodies. The patient was issued an electronically cross-matched group A, D– unit of RBCs. Several hours after the transfusion, he was found to be producing “Coca-cola”-colored urine with gross hemoglobinemia visible in a posttransfusion specimen, indicating an AHTR. A transfusion reaction investigation excluded mistransfusion or a missed alloantibody and instead revealed that the patient's anti-HI had a high thermal amplitude and that the implicated unit of RBCs was from the A2 subgroup. The patient subsequently tolerated transfusion of a unit of group A1 RBCs through a blood warmer without any signs or symptoms of hemolysis. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that anti-HI autoantibodies rarely may behave like alloantibodies and cause AHTRs. Subsequent RBC transfusion with an appropriate ABO group or subgroup through a blood warmer is well tolerated.
Effect of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and thyroid activity of hypertensive rats

Abstract Administration in the diet of the drugs chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide to rats at the time their kidneys were bilaterally encapsulated with latex envelopes prevented elevation of blood pressure to the level of untreated, kidney-encapsulated controls. However, treatment with either drug failed to prevent a rise in blood pressure of 10 to 20 mm. Hg above prekidney encapsulation level. Blood pressures of the treated group lay within the high range of normal or the lower range of hypertension. Drug treatment reduced or prevented cardiac hypertrophy if administered at the time kidneys were encapsulated. Weights of kidneys, adrenal, thyroid, thymus, seminal vesicles, prostate and testis were not affected by these drugs in the doses employed. However, drug treatment increased release rate of radioactive iodide from the thyroid gland and also increased urinary excretion of radioactive iodide. The apparent thyroid hyperactivity may be coupled with the increased urinary iodide excretion. It is suggested that a time correlation exists between the increased thyroid activity and the blood pressure “escape” from drug influence noted 8 to 10 weeks after drug treatment begins. The spirolactone, SC-8109, administered subcutaneously, was effective to some extent in preventing blood pressure rise in kidney-encapsulated rats.
The autocorrelation function for inverse square forces

Abstract Results of numerical experiments on the two time autocorrelation function for the inverse square force are presented and compared to the theory of Chandrasekhar. Indications are that for longer times it decreases faster than predicted by theory.
Elevated suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1): a mechanism for dysregulated osteoclastogenesis in HIV transgenic rats

Accelerated bone loss leading to osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fracture is a major health problem that is increasingly common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients. The underlying pathogenesis is unclear but occurs in both treatment naive and individuals receiving antiretroviral therapies. We developed an HIV-1 transgenic rat that exhibits many key features of HIV disease including HIV-1-induced changes in bone mineral density (BMD). A key determinant in the rate of bone loss is the differentiation of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. We found HIV-1 transgenic osteoclast precursors (OCP) express higher levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) and TNF receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and are resistant to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mediated suppression of osteoclast differentiation. Our data suggest that dysregulated SOCS-1 expression by HIV-1 transgenic OCP promotes osteoclastogenesis leading to the accelerated bone loss observed in this animal model. We propose that elevated SOCS-1 expression in OCP antagonizes the inhibitory effects of IFN-γ and enhances receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) signaling that drives osteoclast differentiation and activation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV-associated BMD changes has the potential to detect and treat bone metabolism disturbances early and improve the quality of life in patients.
Inference-Based Surface Reconstruction of Cluttered Environments

We present an inference-based surface reconstruction algorithm that is capable of identifying objects of interest among a cluttered scene, and reconstructing solid model representations even in the presence of occluded surfaces. Our proposed approach incorporates a predictive modeling framework that uses a set of user-provided models for prior knowledge, and applies this knowledge to the iterative identification and construction process. Our approach uses a local to global construction process guided by rules for fitting high-quality surface patches obtained from these prior models. We demonstrate the application of this algorithm on several example data sets containing heavy clutter and occlusion.
Metalorganic molecular beam epitaxial growth kinetics and doping studies of (001) ZnSe

Thermally pre-cracked diethylzinc and diethylselenide were used for the metalorganic molecular beam epitaxial growth of (001) ZnSe films on (001) GaAs substrates. The growth kinetics of (001) ZnSe was studied by measuring the growth rate as a function of the substrate temperature and the II/VI flux ratio. Arrhenius plot of the Se-limited growth rate indicated an activation energy of 0.08 eV for the desorption of the Se species using Se and Se2 species for ZnSe growth. Triallylamine, allylamine, tertiary-butylamine and ammonia were evaluated as sources for the N doping of ZnSe. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements were used to determine the impurity concentrations. When the amines were pre-cracked in the cracker cell, N concentrations in excess of 1x1019 cm-3 were incorporated in films grown at ≤225°C. The N concentration decreased sharply with increased substrate temperature. Large concentrations of C and H were measured in films doped using the amines, and correlated with N concentrations; with ammonia, high H concentrations were observed and also correlated with the N concentration.
Approximately optimal control of fluid networks

We give an approximation algorithm for the optimal control problem in fluid networks. Such problems arise as fluid relaxations of multiclass queueing networks, and are used to find approximate solutions to complex job shop scheduling problems. In a network with linear flow costs and linear, per-unit-time holding costs, our algorithm finds a drainage of the network, that for given constants e > 0 and δ > 0 has total cost (1 + e)OPT + δ, where OPT is the cost of the minimum cost drainage. The complexity of our algorithm is polynomial in the size of the input network, 1/e and log 1/δ. The fluid relaxation is a continuous problem. While the problem is known to have a piecewise constant solution, it is not known to have a polynomially-sized solution. We introduce a natural discretization of polynomial size and prove that this discretization produces a solution with low cost. This is the first polynomial time algorithm with a provable approximation guarantee for fluid relaxations.
Closed-loop real-time cooperative decision-making dynamics in heterarchical manufacturing systems

Abstract Distribution of control in heterarchical manufacturing systems creates challenges in making and modelling cooperative decisions, such as when to produce discrete parts on multiple manufacturing machines. Furthermore, the dynamics of decision-making interactions between highly autonomous entities in these systems are poorly understood and can be undependable because of the absence of a master controller or optimizer. To investigate these phenomena, a system for distributed control of the arrival time of discrete parts in multiple-machine, multiple-processing-step manufacturing systems has been developed and is described in this paper. In the system, continuous control laws replace heuristics, and part arrival times are adjusted locally using feedback of expected completion times. The reported results confirm that the dynamics of the distributed systems are favorable, with arrival times converging exponentially to theoretically predictable values regardless of whether or not a set of arrival times exists that, given the machine resources available, results in parts being completed on their due dates. In the paper, closed-form solutions are obtained for nonlinear, discontinuous differential equations that describe system behavior in different dynamic regions and explain arrival time convergence and intrinsic cooperation between discrete parts in their competition for production machinery. Furthermore, the systems are shown to be responsive to real-time disturbances that can be caused by rush orders, machine failures, and changes in part processing times. These results build confidence in design, implementation, and operation of distributed control systems for manufacturing, regardless of whether they are heuristic or control-law based, even though they appear to behave in a chaotic manner due to the interactions of highly autonomous entities.
Increased morbidity associated with oral infection in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract The proper dental management of patients with leukemia is complicated by the compromised host defenses against infection. This compromised state is a result of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment as well as the natural existing disease state. Infection remains the leading immediate cause of death in persons with leukemia. Previous reports have described oral complications secondary to this neoplasm and its medical management; however, relatively few studies of the incidence of systemic complications secondary to oral disease have been reported. This study analyzed the incidence of acute infectious episodes in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Thirty-eight patients were randomly selected for review; of these patients, twelve (32 percent) had identifiable acute oral infection associated with the presence of a febrile state (> 101° F). Seven of the twelve (58 percent) had no other identifiable sources of infection. The periodontium was the oral site most frequently involved, followed by mucosal and periapical loci. Most acute oral infections were associated with profound granulocytopenia (