cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional Flow around a Circular Barrier in a Rotating Spherical Shell

An experiment has been recently set up in the hydrodynamics laboratory to study the flow of fluid around a circular barrier. In a rotating spherical shell of liquid, a small cylindrical obstacle is moved zonally in mid-latitudes and observations are made of the resulting perturbed flow. If the flow relative to the obstacle is westerly, a strong anticyclonic circulation is set up faround the barrier and wave motions exist around the globe. When the basic flow is easterly with the same relative speed, no circulation is found, but the wake is very long and broad and the fluid in it has little motion relative to the obstacle. When viewed with respect to the shell, the obstacle moving eastward creates a strong westerly jet at its latitude.
Harsh European winters linked to sunspot minima

The Rhine, one of central Europe's largest rivers, freezes only during the coldest winters. Between 1780 and 1963, the Rhine froze over in several places 14 times; 10 of those occurred when the number of sunspots was at a minimum, a new study finds. Combining historical records, primarily annual dock accounts that documented instances when icy waters hampered shipping along the Rhine during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Sirocko et al. determined that freezing episodes—a proxy for the harshest central European winters over the past 263 years—are statistically tied to the minima of the 11-year cycles in sunspot activity.
Affective aprosodia from a medial frontal stroke.

Abstract Background and objectives . Whereas injury to the left hemisphere induces aphasia, injury to the right hemisphere’s perisylvian region induces an impairment of emotional speech prosody (affective aprosodia). Left-sided medial frontal lesions are associated with reduced verbal fluency with relatively intact comprehension and repetition (transcortical motor aphasia), but persistent affective prosodic defects associated with right medial frontal lesions have not been described. Methods . We assessed the prosody of a man who sustained a right medial frontal cerebral infarction seven years prior. Results . While propositional speech expression was normal including syntactic prosody, the patient was impaired at expressing emotions using prosody. His comprehension and repetition of prosody were also impaired but less so than expression. Conclusions . Right medial frontal lesions can induce an affective aprosodia that primarily impairs expression.
One Linuche mystery solved: All 3 stages of the coronate scyphomedusa Linuche unguiculata cause seabather's eruption

Abstract Background: Seabather's eruption (SBE) is a highly pruritic dermatosis affecting swimmers and divers in marine waters off Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Its cause has been attributed to various organisms but recently to the larvae of the schyphomedusa, Linuche unguiculata . Objective: We attempted to determine whether immature and adult Linuche cause SBE. Methods: Episodes of SBE in the Cancun and Cozumel area of the Mexican Caribbean were evaluated during the season of high tourism (January-June). This time corresponds to the moments in the life cycle when the three swimming stages of L unguiculata —ephyrae, medusae, and larvae—can be sequentially observed. Our methods include (1) observations by divers, biologists, and students coinciding with stinging outbreaks and the onset of SBE; (2) serologic evaluation of individuals stung by L unguiculata ; and (3) the demonstration of Linuche nematocysts on the affected skin. Results: All 3 swimming Linuche stages can cause SBE. Conclusion: The offending stages of Linuche can be identified by the cutaneous lesion's morphology and the time of year. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:624-8.)
The tectonic evolution of Western Ishtar Terra, Venus

The origin and evolution of Ishtar Terra is modeled using numerical simulations of crust/mantle interaction on Venus. Based on our modeling, we favor a two phase evolutionary sequence for Ishtar. The first phase is driven by bulk mantle flow due to thermal convection and results in the formation of a thickened crustal block over a mantle downwelling. The second phase, a result of the thermal perturbation exerted on the mantle by the region of thickened crust, is driven by the sinking of a lithospheric slab. This slab-driven tectonic pulse leads to low angle subduction and orogenesis at the peripheries of the crustal block. Throughout its evolution Ishtar remains coupled to flow within the deep mantle, due to the lack of an asthenosphere, and ultimately bulk mantle flow comes to dominate as the effects of the slab-driven pulse wane.
Steady-state observations of geomagnetically trapped energetic heavy ions and their implications for theory

Data from the Heavy Ion Telescope on board Explorer 45 and the heavy ion channels on the ATS-6 spacecraft are used to describe the equatorial radial profiles of protons and He ions in the energy range of 0.1-1 MeV/nucleon. Measurements during a quiet period in June 1972 revealed that: fluxes of energetic protons and heavy ions inside L equals 4.5 are stable, with no observed decay; He ions of a given level are confined to the equatorial plane in a narrow L-range centered at Lmax; the equatorial differential flux ratio, compared on the basis of equal energy/ion, can exceed unity, indicating that He ion fluxes can be greater than equivalent energy proton fluxes; radial diffusion driven by variations of the magnetic field adequately models processes occurring in the inner magnetosphere for ion energies over 200 keV. The ATS-6 data from GEO found energetic heavy ions always present at L equals 6.6 and enhanced during magnetospheric substorms.
Timing and origin of orogenic remagnetizations in Mississippian carbonates, Sawtooth Range, Montana

Abstract Paleomagnetic data and rock magnetic results suggest that a widespread orogenic remagnetization caused a pervasive chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) that resides in magnetite in the Mississippian Madison Group in the Sawtooth Range, Montana, during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary. The CRM is similar to a CRM reported by workers from equivalent units in the southern Canadian Cordillera. The CRM is interpreted to be related to alteration by fluids, and there are two likely fluids: hydrocarbons which migrated into the unit and externally derived radiogenic fluids.
Does modeling lead to more accurate classification

Classification arises in a wide range of applications. A variety of statistical tools have been developed for learning classification rules from data. Understanding of their relative merits and comparisons help users to choose a proper method in practice. This paper focuses on theoretical comparison of model-based classification methods in statistics with algorithmic methods in machine learning in terms of the error rate. Extending Efron's comparison of logistic regression with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) under the normal setting, we contrast such algorithmic methods as the support vector machine (SVM) and boosting with the LDA and logistic regression and study their relative efficiencies in reducing the error rate based on the limiting behavior of the classification boundary of each method. We show that algorithmic methods are generally less effective than model-based methods in the normal setting. In particular, loss of efficiency in error rate is typically about 33% to 60% for the SVM and 50% to 80% for boosting when compared to the LDA. However, a smooth variant of the SVM is shown to be even more efficient than logistic regression. In addition to the theoretical study, we present results from numerical experiments under various settings for comparisons of finite-sample performance and robustness to mislabeling and model misspecification.
Towards quantification of the role of materials innovation in overall technological development

This article presents a method for quantitatively assessing the role of materials innovation in overall technological development. The method involves classifying the technical changes underlying the overall innovation process first within a set of functional categories and then within each category as a hierarchical array of technical changes. It is specifically found that about 2/3 of the total progress in computation over the past 40 years has been due to materials/process innovations. More speculatively, materials/process innovation contributes at least 20% of the progress in all areas and the relative contribution of materials/process innovation to overall technological progress has grown in the past few decades. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Halogenated hydrocarbon-induced cardiac arrhythmias associated with release of endogenous epinephrine.

Many unsubstituted and halogenated hydrocarbons have been shown to be capable of sensitizing the mammalian heart to intravenously injected epinephrine, resulting in serious and sometimes fatal cardiac arrhythmias. This experiment was performed to determine if cardiac sensitization could occur in animals in the absence of an exogenous source of epinephrine, as this phenomenon has been alleged to cause sudden deaths in humans in the absence of exogenous epinephrine. Beagle dogs were trained to run on a treadmill to increase their circulating level of epinephrine. While being exercised, they were exposed to fluorocarbon 11, fluorocarbon 12, or fluorocarbon 114, which had been tested previously at Haskell Laboratory and found to be capable of sensitizing the dog's heart to intravenousty injected epinephrine. The results of this study show that, while fluorocarbon 12 and fluorocarbon 114 did produce cardiac sensitization, a much higher concentration was needed to produce this effect than with the intravenous a...
Identification of a cDNA clone in λgt11 for the transacylase component of branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

Abstract Two cDNA clones for the transacylase protein of the branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex [E.C. 1.2.4.4] have been isolated from a human fetal liver cDNA expression library in λgt11 using antibody selection. By selective antibody elution from nitrocellulose filters containing the fusion proteins, it was determined that these inserts represent the transacylase protein. These data support the hypothesis that this protein is synthesized in the cytosol on transcripts independent of the other proteins of the branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.
Elastic Finite Element Analysis of Multi-Asperity Contacts

The plane-strain contact problem of an elastic half-space indented by a nominally flat rigid surface having a finite number of regularly spaced cylindrical asperities is investigated using the finite element method to gain an understanding of the interactions in multi-asperity contacts. The significance of the number and spacing of asperities on the contact behavior at the center and edges of the interfacial region is examined
Location and Line Orientation as Distinguishable Primitives in Spatial Vision

In geometry the same parameters define a straight line segment as its two endpoints, yet the human observer's perception of spatial relations can differ depending whether an actual line is shown or merely its terminators. Experiments are reported that demonstrate that the position and orientation senses can be largely decoupled. Because both point localization and line orientation each in its own way has a quality of immediacy, yet manifests high performance in the hyperacuity range, both must be regarded as a primitive each with its own neural processing mechanisms. This can give rise to perceptual dissonances (visual illusions) of which one example is analysed.
Exploratory Health Disparities Research: The Need to Provide a Tangible Benefit to Vulnerable Respondents.

This article examines the responsibilities of researchers who conduct exploratory research to provide a service to vulnerable respondents. The term “service” is used to denote the provision of a tangible benefit in relation to the research question that is apart from the altruistic research benefits. This article explores what this “service” could look like, who might be responsible for providing it, and the challenges associated with such a service. The article argues that not providing a tangible benefit to vulnerable research participants is inconsistent with the principle of social justice that undergirds much of the rationale for conducting health disparities research.
Perceptions of oral health adequacy and access in Michigan nursing facilities

Objective: To determine practices and perceived access barriers (facility resources, attitudes and professional dental involvement) related to oral health by surveying directors of nursing (DONs) in Michigan nursing homes (NHs). Background: DONs are crucial to NH practice and policy, so understanding their perceptions of oral health care is vital. Methods: A 27-item questionnaire exploring aspects of oral health was mailed to all 402 Michigan NH. Descriptive statistics were calculated for response items. Results: Facility response rate was 32% (n = 129). Sixty-three per cent of facilities had a written dental care plan primarily co-ordinated by nursing staff and social workers. Stationary dental equipment was available in 3% of facilities. Thirty-eight per cent stated an examination by a dentist was provided to new residents. Seventy-five per cent of residents identified as needing dental treatment were likely to receive it. Of the 28% of residents receiving dental treatment beyond an examination in the past year, 28% received emergent care. Over 50% of responding DONs indicated satisfaction with how oral hygiene needs were met in their facilities. The greatest perceived barriers were willingness of general and specialty dentists to treat residents at the nursing facility and/or their private offices as well as financial concerns of the resident and/or family. Generally, greater resources were available in urban facilities, but substantial barriers to care were uniformly perceived. Conclusion: Oral health policies and practices within Michigan NH vary, as measured by resources, attitudes, and the availability of professional care. Dental involvement in policy creation, provision of consultation, and service is limited.
Brother of CDO (BOC) expression in equine articular cartilage

Summary Brother of CDO (BOC) is a cell surface receptor that derives its name from the structurally related protein, cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDO, sometimes CDON). High levels of BOC mRNA and protein expression have been described in embryonic tissues with active cell proliferation and ongoing cellular differentiation 1,2 . A microarray-based screen of RNA isolated from 11 different adult equine tissues unexpectedly identified BOC as having an expression pattern restricted to articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to further investigate BOC expression in adult articular cartilage relative to other tissues. Both RT-qPCR and mRNA sequencing confirmed the microarray data. Steady state BOC mRNA levels in articular cartilage were substantially higher than in the other adult tissues tested, neonatal tendon, placenta, and whole embryo. The expression of BOC displayed a pattern of tissue specificity comparable to well established cartilage matrix protein biomarkers. BOC mRNA levels in articular cartilage increased with age, but were rapidly down-regulated when chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from the cartilage matrix and expanded in monolayer culture. Relative expression patterns of CDO were broadly similar, but displayed lower fold change differences. A functional role in articular cartilage that involves Hedgehog signaling is suggested by the known binding affinity of BOC for all three Hedgehog ligands. These data also extend BOC and CDO biology to a post-mitotic and highly differentiated cell type within a mature tissue.
Modeling of springback, strain rate and Bauschinger effects for two-dimensional steady state cyclic flow of sheet metal subjected to bending under tension

Abstract An elastic–plastic mathematical model is presented for plane strain flow of sheet metal subjected to strain rate effects during cyclic bending under tension. The model calculates the stress, strain, strain rate, flow profile geometry, springback and residual stresses for steady state flow of sheet metal under plane strain along the width. Stress reversals were experimentally quantified using a pure bending moment test and were included in the model through Bauschinger factors. Modeling results for two materials, mild steel and aluminum alloy, were in good agreement with experimental results from bending under tension test devices. The iterative nature of the model, associated with a representative experimental framework proved a valuable approach to improving the modeling of sheet metal forming and springback control.
Comparison of Two State Observer Design Approaches

This note compares two state observer design approaches in a general way. It shows that the first approach will have exact observer poles but coupling problems between the system and the observer, while the second approach will have no coupling problems but the deviations from the desired observer eigenvalues. The problems are due to computational error. This comparison is made possible by a major clarification for the first design approach.
Influence of Choline and Sulfate on Copper and Toxicity and Substitition of and Antagonism Between Methionine and Copper Supplements to Chick Diets

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine if the deleterious affects on chick growth of the primary antagonism between methionine and copper involves the homocysteine moiety or labile methyl group of methionine. A . 1% choline supplement resulted in performance response similar to that of a .2% L-methionine supplement in the absence but not in the presence of 500 mg/kg copper from cupric sulfate. Similar results were observed when the levels of methionine and choline were doubled. Sulfate, with or without choline, had little effect in the presence of cupric sulfate. When cupric acetate was used instead of cupric sulfate, a small but nearly significant (P = .08) response to potassium sulfate was observed. Maximum performance with .29% supplemental methionine and 188 mg/kg Cu was predicted from a response surface analysis. The methionine requirement was increased by feeding copper. However, the increase in methionine requirement was accompanied by an improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency. This may explain why levels used of methionine and total sulfur-containing amino acids appear to be higher under field conditions (with pharmacological levels of copper) than in laboratory conditions (without pharmacological levels of copper). The primary antagonism between methionine and copper involves the homocysteine moiety, not the labile methyl groups.
Repair of anomalous left main coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery in infants: long-term impact on the mitral valve

Abstract Background . Infants presenting with anomalous left coronary artery off the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) are generally in heart failure and often have significant mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Although establishing a dual coronary circulation is the procedure of choice, there remains controversy as to how the mitral valve is handled. Methods . We reviewed our experience with this lesion at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Over the past 15 years, 17 infants under 18 months of age have undergone repair, with all but one being treated with reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta; the other underwent the Takeuchi procedure (intrapulmonary artery baffle) and was excluded from this evaluation. The average age and weight at operation were 0.5 ± 0.3 years and 6.1 ± 1.9 kg, respectively. All presented with varying degrees of heart failure and 9 patients also had either moderate or severe MR. Results . There was one early and no late deaths after reimplantation of the left coronary artery. The left ventricular function postrepair improved from a preoperative shortening fraction of 0.19 ± 0.09 to 0.34 ± 0.08 ( p Conclusions . Excellent results can be obtained in the treatment of this very high-risk group of patients. Mitral valve repair is not generally necessary at the time of the initial operation. However, should MR recur or persist late, it may herald the presence of a coexistent, significant coronary stenosis. Cardiac catheterization should be performed to assess the patency of the left coronary artery before performing mitral valve surgery.
Synthesis of (±)‐Tetrapetalone A‐Me Aglycon

The first synthesis of (±)-tetrapetalone A-Me aglycon is described. Key bond-forming reactions include Nazarov cyclization, a ring-closing metathesis promoted with complete diastereoselectivity by a chiral molybdenum-based complex, tandem conjugate reduction/intramolecular aldol cyclization, and oxidative dearomatization.
Outcomes of Metallic Stents for Malignant Ureteral Obstruction

Purpose: Malignant ureteral obstruction often necessitates chronic urinary diversion and is associated with high rates of failure with traditional ureteral stents. We evaluated the outcomes of a metallic stent placed for malignant ureteral obstruction and determined the impact of risk factors previously associated with increased failure rates of traditional stents.Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing placement of the metallic Resonance® stent for malignant ureteral obstruction at an academic referral center were identified retrospectively. Stent failure was defined as unplanned stent exchange or nephrostomy tube placement for signs or symptoms of recurrent ureteral obstruction (recurrent hydroureteronephrosis or increasing creatinine). Predictors of time to stent failure were assessed using Cox regression.Results: A total of 37 stents were placed in 25 patients with malignant ureteral obstruction. Of these stents 12 (35%) were identified to fail. Progressive hydroureteronephrosis and increasing crea...
Developing criteria and data to determine best options for expanding the core CODIS loci

Background Recently, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) Core Loci Working Group established by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reviewed and recommended changes to the CODIS core loci. The Working Group identified 20 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (composed of the original CODIS core set loci (minus TPOX), four European recommended loci, PentaE, and DYS391) plus the Amelogenin marker as the new core set. Before selecting and finalizing the core loci, some evaluations are needed to provide guidance for the best options of core selection.
Race-Ethnic Differences in Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Aneurysm, and Right Atrial Anatomy Among Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— Stroke remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Racial differences in stroke incidence and mortality persist with well-known excesses among blacks. Information on stroke among Hispanics is limited. In particular, little is known about whether patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), and other atrial anomalies associated with cryptogenic stroke differ among minority populations. Methods— As a part of the PFO in Cryptogenic Stroke Study, transesophageal echocardiography was performed in a cohort of 630 ischemic stroke patients (mean age, 59±12 years; 44% women; 45% whites, 35% blacks, 17% Hispanics, 3% other). The prevalences of PFO, ASA, and right atrial (RA) anatomy favoring paradoxical embolization were compared among race-ethnic groups. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance for continuous variables and logistic regression for dichotomous variables with adjustments for age and sex. Results— Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of PFO and ASA were similar across race-ethnic subgroups. However, large PFO was significantly less prevalent among blacks than among whites (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.91; P =0.02). RA anatomy favoring paradoxical embolization was also significantly less prevalent among blacks compared with whites (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.91; P =0.01). There were no significant differences in prevalence between whites and Hispanics. Conclusions— Although the frequency of PFO did not vary among race-ethnic groups, a large PFO and RA anatomy favoring paradoxical embolization were significantly more prevalent among whites and Hispanics compared with blacks. These may be relatively more important risk factors for stroke among whites and Hispanics than among blacks.
The Chemical Nature of Component I, a Phosphoprotein Isolated from the Blood Sera of Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Cockerels,

Abstract SEVERAL investigators have shown that onset of laying in domestic fowl is accompanied by marked increases of protein-bound phosphorus in the blood along with increases in concentration of total lipids and total calcium (Laskowski, 1935; Roepke and Hughes, 1935; Clegg et al., 1956; Clegg and Hein, 1953; McDonald and Riddle, 1945; McKinley et al., 1953). Similar observations also have been reported in the sera of estrogen-treated chickens (Clegg and Hein, 1955; Clegg et al, 1951; Schjeide and Urist, 1960) and estrogen-treated pigeons (McDonald and Riddle, 1945). Moore (1958) observed similarities between the electrophoretic patterns of sera obtained from cockerels treated with feminizing hormone and from laying hens. Clegg et al. (1951) provided further evidence of such a response in cockerels treated with diethylstilbestrol. By electrophoretic analysis, they observed a component moving ahead of the albumin as well as a marked increase in the β-globulin area. The fast-moving fraction was designed . . .
Sca-1 is involved in the adhesion of myosphere cells to αVβ3 integrin

A myosphere cell is a unique type of muscle stem cell that is able to maintain its pre-myogenic state in culture over time. These cells are propagated in culture as free-floating, non-adherent spheres. We believe that the 3-dimensional adhesive cell-cell interactions involved in maintaining the sphere-like myosphere structures are also involved in maintaining their longevity in culture. We found that Sca-1, which is highly expressed by myosphere cells, plays a role in the growth and the formation of the myospheres. In comparing adhesion molecules expressed by 3-dimensionally grown myosphere cells to those expressed by 2-dimensionally grown primary myoblasts, we found that there was a distinct difference in the expression of β3 integrin. Upon further investigation we discovered that there is an adhesive interaction between Sca-1+ cells and αVβ3 integrin. Here we show that Sca-1+ cells (myosphere cells and NIH3T3 cells) adhere to αVβ3 integrin and that Sca-1− cells (primary myoblasts) do not adhere. The interaction between Sca-1 and αVβ3 integrin was confirmed using antibody blocking, shRNA knockdown of Sca-1 in Sca-1+ cells, and by expressing Sca-1 cDNA in Sca-1− cells, which demonstrated that the level of adhesion of these cells to αVβ3 integrin was dependent on the presence of Sca-1. Additionally, we found that the co-expression of Sca-1 and β3 resulted in significantly greater adhesion of Sca-1+ cells to αVβ3 integrin. In conclusion, our data indicate that Sca-1 is involved in maintaining the 3-dimensional myosphere cell-cell contacts and that Sca-1 is involved in the binding of cells to αVβ3 integrin.
Research on rural family resource management: a Third World perspective

Family resource management research relevant to rural families in Third World countries can produce useful information for rural development projects. However, currently, most of the research is imitative of Western research and contributes neither to theory construction nor to alleviation of real problems of rural poor families. The major stumbling blocks to improve research are limited trained personnel, inadequate commitment to research, insufficient funds and ignorance of socio-economic milieu hampering identification of relevant research problems. Three broad directives are suggested to strengthen research on management by Third World families: (i) selection and application of a conceptual framework to create consensus or focus, concepts and processes; (ii) identification of contextually relevant, researchable problems, and (iii) identification and use of appropriate research methods and tools. Suggested researchable problems include basic need standards, fuel management, appropriate technologies, family size and level of living, use of time, access to and utilization of consumer services and information. Various strategies to develop a sound family resource management research base are identified.
Motion estimation via cluster matching

A new method for estimating displacements in computer imagery through cluster matching is presented. Without reliance on any object model, the algorithm clusters two successive frames of an image sequence based on position and intensity. After clustering, displacement estimates are obtained by matching the cluster centers between the two frames using cluster features such as position, intensity, shape and average gray-scale difference. The performance of the algorithm was compared to that of a gradient method and a block matching method. The cluster matching approach showed the best performance over a broad range of motion, illumination change and object deformation. >
A policy‐modeling approach to examining fairness judgments in organizational acquisitions

Organizational acquisitions may be characterized by the degree of friendliness or hostility as well as the degree of autonomy or absorption of the organizations following the merger. This study examined judgments of fairness across four types of organizational acquisitions. Students read fictitious newspaper accounts of a university acquisition and rated their expectations and perceptions of fairness about possible changes. Results indicated that in an acquisition, both the procedures used and the outcomes provided influenced how fair the acquisition was perceived. As predicted, the relative importance of procedures and outcomes in overall perceptions of fairness shifted depending on the context of the acquisition. As the desirability of the acquisition increased, individuals placed greater importance on the procedural elements. In a friendly and low integration acquisition, the processes and outcomes became equally important. Individuals faced with a high integration acquisition expected more unfair changes and fewer fair changes to occur. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance expectations play in perceptions of fairness. The type of acquisition will influence expectations for fair treatment. Under less desirable conditions (hostile and high-integration mergers), organizations should take steps early in the process to manage fairness perceptions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Comparison of the GenoType MTBC and Genomic Deletion Assays in Terms of Ability To Distinguish between Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Isolates and in Clinical Specimens

The automated GenoType MTBC assay was evaluated for the ability to detect and identify members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In addition to 35 reference strains and 157 clinical isolates, performance of this assay was tested directly on 79 smear-positive clinical specimens. The assay proved as accurate as the reference deletion analysis for all 192 isolates and detected and identified M. tuberculosis complex members in 93.2% of the specimens containing the M. tuberculosis complex.
Circulatory effects of propranolol and cardiopulmonary bypass.

Clinical experience has indicated a high operative risk due to depressed ventricular function in certain patients receiving chronic oral propranolol therapy for control of the symptoms of obstructive coronary artery disease. This has led to the recommendation that propranolol be discontinued 2 wk prior to elective coronary bypass surgery [5]. However, the half-life of propranolol in man is less than 6 hr [3] and other workers have reported no significant difference in mortality rates when comparing coronary artery bypass graft patients who had chronic propranolol therapy discontinued 36-48 hr prior to surgery with graft patients who had never received propranolol[4]. Because of the large number of angina patients receiving propranolol, the increasing performance of emergency coronary artery bypass surgery, and the occasional occurrence of acute myocardial infarction after propranolol withdrawal [l] the residual effects of chronic propranolol therapy on cardiac function after induction of anesthesia and after cardiopulmonary bypass were further investigated.
Investigation of Dielectric Constant and Dispersion in Barium Strontium Titanate Capacitors

The correlation between the dielectric constant and dispersion is investigated for barium strontium titanate (BST) capacitors with platinum and iridium electrodes. For platinum electrode capacitors, dispersion decreases with increasing dielectric constant. In contrast, capacitors with iridium electrodes exhibit the reverse correlation. A simple model is proposed to provide a quantitative explanation for the observed correlation for both platinum and iridium electrodes. In addition, the dependence of the dielectric constant and dispersion on varying ratios of (Ba+Sr)/Ti is also reported.
TIMING OF AGAVE PALMERI FLOWERING AND NECTAR-FEEDING BAT VISITATION IN THE PELONCILLOS AND CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS

Abstract Palmer's agave (Agave palmeri), prominent in semi-desert grasslands of Arizona, New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico, shares its range with migratory nectar-feeding bat species and has bat-adapted floral traits. However, previous observations suggest that bats, such as Leptonycteris curasoae, often miss much of the lengthy flowering period of A. palmeri. To test the hypothesis that peak flowering coincides with peak availability of bats, I monitored flowering in 2 areas from mid June to mid September 1997, observed plants with night-vision binoculars for signs of pollinator activity, and measured floral rewards during part of this period. In the Peloncillos Mountains, New Mexico, no bat visits were seen during the first 60% of the flowering period (15 June to 12 August), and large dawn standing crops of nectar and pollen indicated little nocturnal consumption. From 24 August to 12 September, as the number of flowers decreased, bats were common visitors. These included L. curasoae and Choeronycteri...
Electrical Performance of Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) for High-Frequency 3D IC Integration Applications

In this study, the electrical performance of a general TSV structure for high-frequency 3D IC integration applications is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the proposal of an analytical model and the analytical equations of a TSV with all its key parameters. Also, the model and equations are verified, both in the frequency and time domains, by more detailed finite element analyses. Finally, a TSV electrical design guideline is proposed.
KATP channels contribute to β- and adenosine receptor-mediated pulmonary vasorelaxation

ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels have been implicated in the regulation of vasomotor tone in aortic, mesenteric, and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. Several investigators have described an associa...
Medical and Biological Applications of Electromagnetic Techniques — a Relevant Experience to the Microwave Processing of Materials Research

The feasibility of using electromagnetic (EM) energy in industrial, medical, or in biological applications relies heavily on accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of materials and on detailed understanding of the underlying interaction mechanisms. This chapter deals with the medical and biological applications of EM radiation. It therefore starts with a brief review of the dielectric properties of various tissues and a description of some of the basic interaction mechanisms. The techniques used to measure these properties are of particular interest to the microwave processing of materials research. Therefore, some of the time- and frequency-domain measurements methods of the dielectric properties of materials are discussed. Available techniques for calculating and measuring the absorption of EM radiation by humans and other biological models are also described. The impact of the obtained EM dosimetry results on modifying the ANSI Safety Standard is outlined. It will be noted that many of the dosimetric measurements procedures are highly relevant to experiences in the microwave processing of materials research. In addition, some of the medical applications in both the diagnostics and therapeutic areas are described. These applications basically exploit some of the unique dielectric characteristics of biological tissues. Specifically, noninvasive and interstitial EM hyperthermia techniques for cancer treatment are discussed, and other potential microwave methods for medical diagnostics are briefly reviewed. Future research needs to further the understanding of the various interaction mechanisms of EM radiation with materials are outlined. Every effort is made to relate experiences in the medical and biological research areas to research in the microwave processing of materials.
Sanitary status and risk assessment of aquatic products in Shenzhen,2011

Objective According to the monitoring situation of aquatic products in Shenzhen 2011,to find out the main risk factors and assessed the population exposure risk.Methods The items of heavy metals,pathogens,parasites,shellfish toxin of aquatic products were monitored,to find the main hazard factors,combining with aquatic products consumption of Shenzhen residents from the residents' dietary investigation of Shenzhen in 2008 and calculating the hazard risks through the consumption of aquatic product.Results Detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was very high,29.63% but the harm wasn't badly enough for some of them could be eliminated during cooking.Exceeding standard rate of Lead was 6.19%.According to the daily consumption of aquatic products of Shenzhen residents,Lead average and high values from aquatic products ingestion were lower than FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable daily intake of PTDI 3ug/kg.d,showing low risk;Exceeding standard rate of Cadmium was 25.22%,the average value from aquatic products ingestion was lower than FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable intake per month PTMI 0.025mg / kg.bw,high value was PTMI value of 1.2 times,if excessive intake of cadmium containing high amounts of aquatic products,may increase the risk of exposure to cadmium;Diarrhea type shellfish toxins exceed the standard rate was 18.8%.Paralytic shellfish toxins exceed the standard rate was 17.2%,prompting eating too much shellfish meaning to take certain risk.Conclusion The aquatic products in Shenzhen some were polluted and excessive consumption may be harmful to health.
Improvement of the Separation Methods of Mixed Amino Acids by Ion Exchange Chromatography

The separation of mixed amino acids by ion exchange chromatography is a very important preparation experiment in biochemistry or biopharmaceutical technology. In order to improve the student's basic knowledge and synthetic ability,one optimized the experiment teaching system,redesigned the experimental materials. The result displayed that the reagent consumption and experimental timeconsuming reduced,amino acid elution differences were significant,the students learned more principles about this technology. The teaching effects have been improved obviously.
Analysis of Lyrics from Group Songwriting with Bereaved Children and Adolescents

Background Songwriting is a group intervention that is often used to help bereaved children and adolescents express thoughts and feelings associated with grief experiences. Few studies have examined the lyrical content of songs written by bereaved children/adolescents and how thematic content may vary by age and developmental understanding of death. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether experiences of songwriting and lyrical content of songs written by children and adolescents participating in a bereavement camp vary by age. Methods Thirty-three participants, ages 6-16, were grouped according to age (child, tween, or teen) and asked to write a group song. Analysis of song lyrics was based on both inductive and deductive content analysis processes. A seven-item questionnaire was also used with the tween and teen groups to gather descriptive information about the songwriting process, including participant views on benefits, enjoyment, and preferences. Results Analyses revealed a total of five different themes among the three age groups, with two of the five themes present across the age groups. A majority of the participants enjoyed the songwriting process, but no clear indication of preference for verbal or written contribution was determined based on age or gender. Conclusions The lyric content of the songs varied across the age groups, with the older groups providing more diverse content and demonstrating growth in their understanding of death. Providing participants both written and verbal options to contribute to the songwriting process allows for individual preferences among tweens and teens.
Phase II Trial of Sequentially Administered Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide and Doxorubicin for Urothelial Tract Tumors

Abstract: A total of 32 patients with urothelial tract tumors, 31 of whom had bidimensionally measurable disease parameters, underwent sequential intravenous administration of 70mg./m.2 cisplatin, 250mg./m.2 cyclophosphamide and 45mg./m.2 doxorubicin on days 1 to 3 every 3 to 4 weeks. Of these patients 28 (88 per cent) were treated adequately, including 13 (46 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits of 28 to 64 per cent) who achieved a complete (2) or partial (11) remission. Almost all remissions occurred within 1 to 3 weeks and persisted for a median duration of 8 months (range 4 to 16 months), with 5 patients responding for 1 or more years. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders, with a median of 91 versus 38 weeks, respectively (p less than 0.001). The over-all response rate with this 3-drug combination was not statistically different from that which has been observed in previously untreated, selected patients given cisplatin only. When the results of the 3-drug combination (92 respon...
Maximum Power Point Tracker: A Senior Design Experience

The academic calendar at Kettering University in Flint, Michigan, is based on quarters, with each term having 10? weeks of lecture time. The electrical engineering senior design course at Kettering is only a quarter-term-long project, and the projects vary each term depending on the professor. The course is structured mainly for three-student teams to work independently, and interaction with the professor is mostly limited to checking each team's progress during the milestones.
Know your medicine: A novel student-led community service learning program

Abstract Introduction The objective of this article is to describe the efforts of the student pharmacist organization called Know Your Medicine (KYM) as they conduct medication therapy management (MTM) for older adults and underserved communities. Methods Patients brought medications, immunization records, and health concerns to KYM events during academic years 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Student pharmacists performed health screenings, created personalized medication records (PMR), made recommendations, created personal action plans (PAP), and conducted follow-up phone calls. Results Student pharmacists provided MTM services for a total of 107 patients. The mean duration of a KYM appointment was 62±21 min, and student pharmacists provided a mean of 3.5±2.1 recommendations per patient. Patients had a mean age of 78±11 years, 4.5±3.2 disease states, 6.9±4.6 prescriptions, 1.9±1.9 OTC medications, and 2.8±2.6 vitamins or herbals. At the time of the follow-up phone call, a mean of 2.6±1.9 recommendations per patient had been followed. Discussion and conclusions Student pharmacists successfully implemented a new MTM program for older adults and underserved communities. This program can serve as an example of how other pharmacy colleges and schools might implement MTM training and real-world MTM experience for their student pharmacists.
Information technology management of university education: Part 2. Case histories of information management

In Part 1 of this paper (Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 2, Nos 3/4, 1987), the authors identified a set of relatively disaggregate attributes associated with four characteristic abilities of university executives: administrative, management ability, leadership, and governance. A mix of these attributes is needed for each of the offices in the university hierarchy. From identification of the objectives of these offices will follow a characterization of the mix of importance of detailed attributes for success for university executives in identified tasks. To aid in accomplishing these tasks, there exists the need for a support system to enhance university effectiveness under normal operating conditions, as well as under conditions of internal and external crises. In this paper, the authors identify a broad range of crisis situations as well as potential responses to them, and the information needs to enable effective responsiveness. In Part 3 of the paper, the implications of those case studies of information resource management will be examined.
Plasma based terahertz devices

The properties of a thin plasma layer, described as a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the interface of two semiconducting materials are investigated. The mathematics for the wave phenomena is developed and dispersion relations are derived. Dispersion curves for practical semiconductor devices are presented and their properties are discussed, particularly relating to their ability to support plasmonic wave propagation and their associated loss mechanisms and propagation length. It is shown that high frequency subwavelength circuit devices and antennas can be engineered using this plasma technology.
Screening of Bacillus mojavensis biofilms and biosurfactants using laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy.

Aims Biofilms are composed of micro-organisms within a matrix of chemically complex polymer compounds and from these structures many unknown competitive factors are suggested that many considered are important consequences for biological control. This research was undertaken to study further the endophyte, Bacillus mojavensis and its relationships to biofilm and two classes of lipopeptides considered relevant for biocontrol of plant pathogens. Methods and results Laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and conventional MS/MS were used to study in situ biofilm production and the production of lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in different strains of B. mojavensis in plate and test tube culture on two media. All strains were capable of producing biofilm in vitro along with the accumulation of surfactin and fengycin although no concentration-dependent relationship between lipopeptide accumulation and biofilm was observed. Conclusion All strains studied produce biofilms in culture with the accumulated surfactin and fengycin, demonstrating that endophytic bacteria also produced biofilms. Significance and impact of the study This study demonstrates that this endophytic species produced biofilms along with two biocontrol compounds of which one, surfactin, considered by others as a quorum sensor, highlighting its ecological role as a signalling mechanism in planta.
Flat Fielding a Deep Image from KCam

A K′ image of a blank field was taken on the one meter telescope at Lick Observatory using UCLA’s KCam. Flat fielding was preformed using a “running median,” and that technique was shown to be acceptable. Noise in the flat-fielded frame was within 25% of photon noise and the limiting magnitude (1σ) in the 51 minute exposure was 18.9 for a point source.