cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voided midstream urine culture is a good test for acute cystitis in premenopausal women

Commentary on: Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Cox ME, et al. Voided midstream urine culture and acute cystitis in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1883–91.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Uncomplicated acute cystitis is a common and uncomfortable condition in premenopausal women. Controversy exists over the value of culture data obtained from clean-catch midstream urine specimens for directing antimicrobial therapy, due to the risk of contamination by periurethral and vaginal organisms affecting the detection of true bladder bacteriuria. In the past, bacterial colony counts have been used to determine the threshold for clinically meaningful results. The authors attempt to clarify this issue by comparing culture results in premenopausal women displaying symptoms of acute cystitis from specimens obtained through midstream urine collection with specimens obtained by urethral catheterisation. The study compared the results of 202 paired, quantitative cultures of midstream and catheterised urine specimens from premenopausal women with symptoms of acute cystitis (dysuria and urinary frequency or … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D369%26rft.spage%253D1883%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1302186%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24224622%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1302186&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=24224622&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F4%2F151.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000330468300007&link_type=ISI
A novel bandwidth efficient coded OFDM system for ICI and PAPR reduction

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique that provides high data rate communications, but it is sensitive to the carrier frequency offset (CFO) caused by the misalignment in carrier frequencies between transmitter and receiver, which results in Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) among the sub-carriers and degrades the Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (CIR). In this paper, we propose a novel bandwidth efficient coded OFDM system, which not only can reduce the ICI due to the CFO, but also can improve the bandwidth efficiency, the power efficiency and the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) compared with the previous schemes. Its performance is evaluated by both theoretic analysis and simulations in the presence of the CFO impairments. The theoretic analysis shows that the bandwidth efficiency, the power efficiency and the PAPR can be improved in the proposed coded OFDM system. The simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms over a conventional OFDM system when the ICI is significant.
Do chameleons get ahead

The article reports on a study by Martin Kilduff and David V. Day of Pennsylvania State University, which focused on the effects of self-monitoring on management careers and executive promotions. According to the researchers, high self-monitors adjust their self-presentation during an interview to meet the situation or role expectation. Low self-monitors show less concern about making an impression. The study tracked the careers of executives who had master in business administration degrees and found that high self-monitors are more likely to change employers, be promoted faster, and make job-related moves.
Diagnostic reasoning based on structure and behavior

Abstract We describe a system that reasons from first principles, i.e., using knowledge of structure and behavior. The system has been implemented and tested on several examples in the domain of troubleshooting digital electronic circuits. We give an example of the system in operation, illustrating that this approach provides several advantages, including a significant degree of device independence, the ability to constrain the hypotheses it considers at the outset, yet deal with a progressively wider range of problems, and the ability to deal with situations that are novel in the sense that their outward manifestations may not have been encountered previously. As background we review our basic approach to describing structure and behavior, then explore some of the technologies used previously in troubleshooting. Difficulties encountered there lead us to a number of new contributions, four of which make up the central focus of this paper. • — We describe a technique we call constraint suspension that provides a powerful tool for troubleshooting. • — We point out the importance of making explicit the assumptions underlying reasoning and describe a technique that helps enumerate assumptions methodically. • — The result is an overall strategy for troubleshooting based on the progressive relaxation of underlying assumptions. The system can focus its efforts initially, yet will methodically expand its focus to include a broad range of faults. • — Finally, abstracting from our examples, we find that the concept of adjacency proves to be useful in understanding why some faults are especially difficult to diagnose and why multiple representations are useful.
Material parameter sensitivity study on CIGS solar cell performance

A numerical simulation of the performance of CIGS solar cells has been carried out using the AMPS-1D device simulation program to study the sensitivity of cell performance (efficiency, photo-J-V, and QE characteristics) on material parameters. The simulation results suggest that the carrier mobility, recombination center density, and carrier density in the CdS and CIGS absorber layers most influence the cell performance. In both CdS and CIGS absorber layers, the electron mobility has stronger impact than hole mobility on the cell performance. The defect density in the CIGS absorber is more sensitive than defect density in the CdS. The recombination center density in the CIGS absorber affects all device performance parameters. The calculations suggest that the thickness of the i-ZnO layer primarily affects open circuit voltage and fill factor.
EVALUATING THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES*

Cost-effectiveness analysis, an analytic tool that expresses as a ratio the cost of obtaining an additional unit of health outcome, can help decision makers achieve more health protection for the same or less cost. We characterize the state of the cost-effectiveness analysis literature by reviewing how this technique is applied to various clinical and public health interventions. We describe the results of cost-effectiveness analyses for over 40 interventions to reduce cancer, heart disease, trauma, and infectious disease. The cost-effectiveness ratios for these interventions vary enormously, from interventions that save money to those that cost more than $1 million per year of life gained. The methods used to derive the cost-effectiveness ratios also vary considerably, and we summarize this variation within each health area. Greater uniformity of analytical practice will be necessary if cost-effectiveness analysis is to become a more influential tool in debates about resource allocation.
Novel regulation of adrenomedullin receptor by PDGF: role of receptor activity modifying protein-3

Receptor activity modifying protein-3 (RAMP-3) has been shown to complex with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, establishing a functional receptor for adrenomedullin (AM). AM exhibits potent a...
Nanoscale heat transport probed with soft-x-rays

We characterize heat transport in nanostructures, using coherent soft-X-rays to probe thermal surface deformation. By varying the substrate temperature, we observe the transition from diffusive to quasi-ballistic heat transport regimes.
Trajectories and Deposition of Silica Particles on Cylinders in Crossflow With and Without a Magnetic Field

To investigate magnetic effects on silica scale deposition, two cylindrical probes with and without magnet insert were placed in a crossflow fluid solution containing dissolved silica, iron ion, and NaCl salt. The differences in silica deposition are reported. To explain the differences on the basis of first principles, a Lagrangian analysis is presented to predict the silica colloidal particle trajectories and deposition onto the probes under the influence of nonuniform magnetic field force and other relevant surface forces including London-van der Waals forces, viscous force, and added mass force. The results of the predication show that the particles made of pure silica can be deflected away from the magnetic probe. However, the particles made of silica-iron can be attracted toward the probe, more so at the magnetic poles than at the midsection of the magnetic probe. These and other results presented can explain all the qualitative differences of scale deposit found experimentally on magnetic and nonmagnetic probes.
Numerical Modeling of Ooid Size and the Problem of Neoproterozoic Giant Ooids

Temporal variation in ooid size reflects important changes in physical and chemical characteristics of depositional environments. Two numerical models are used to evaluate the effects of several processes influencing ooid size. The first demonstrates that low supply of new ooid nuclei and high cortex growth rate each promote growth of large ooids. The second model demonstrates that high average water velocity and velocity gradient also enhance ooid growth. Several Neoproterozoic oolites contain unusually large ooids, some reaching diameters of up to 16 mm. While lower nuclei supply and higher ooid growth rate may have prevailed prior to the evolution of carbonate-secreting organisms, neither difference can explain the presence of giant ooids in Neoproterozoic deposits because Archean through Mesoproterozoic ooids rarely exceed 5 mm in diameter. In the presence of lower nuclei supply and higher growth rate, high average water velocity may have allowed growth of such large ooids. Higher average water velocity could have been due to a prevalence of carbonate ramps over rimmed shelves during Neoproterozoic time.
Can Elderly Patients Who Have Had a Hip Fracture Perform Moderate- to High-Intensity Exercise at Home?

Background and Purpose. The majority of patients after a hip fracture do not return to prefracture functional status. Depression has been shown to affect recovery. Although exercise can reduce impairments, access issues limit elderly people from participating in facility-based programs. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects and feasibility of a home exercise program of moderate- or high-intensity exercise. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationship of depression and physical recovery. Subjects. Thirty-three elderly people (24 women, 9 men; X=78.6 years of age, SD=6.8, range=64-89) who had completed a regimen of physical therapy following hip fracture participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training group, an aerobic training group, or a control group. Methods. Subjects were tested before and upon completion of the exercise trial. Isometric lower-extremity force, 6-minute-walk distance, free gait speed, mental status, and physical function were measured. Each exercise session was supervised by a physical therapist, and subjects received 20 visits over 12 weeks. The control group received biweekly mailings. The resistance training group performed 3 sets of 8 repetitions at the 8-repetition maximum intensity using a portable progressive resistance exercise machine. The aerobic training group performed activities that increased heart rate 65% to 75% of their age-predicted maximum for 20 continuous minutes. Results. Resistance and aerobic training were performed without apparent adverse effects, and adherence was 98%. All groups improved in distance walked, force produced, gait speed, and physical function. Isometric force improved to a greater extent in the intervention groups than in the control group. Depressive symptoms interacted with treatment group in explaining the outcomes of 6-minute-walk distance and gait speed. Discussion and Conclusion. High-intensity exercise performed in the home is feasible for people with hip fracture. Larger sample sizes may be necessary to determine whether the exercise regimen is effective in reducing impairments and improving function. Depression may play a role in the level of improvement attained.
Structural basis of ubiquitylation

The attachment of the small protein ubiquitin to other proteins, a process known as ubiquitylation, is a widespread form of post-translational modification that regulates numerous cellular functions in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is performed by complexes of E2 and E3 enzymes that are assembled and select substrates via a series of protein-protein interactions. Recent structure determinations of the ubiquitylation machinery have revealed some of the various protein-protein interfaces involved.
Witnessing peer rejection during early adolescence: Neural correlates of empathy for experiences of social exclusion

Neuroimaging studies with adults have begun to reveal the neural bases of empathy; however, this research has focused on empathy for physical pain, rather than empathy for negative social experiences. Moreover, this work has not examined adolescents who may frequently witness and empathize with others that experience negative social experiences such as peer rejection. Here, we examined neural activity among early adolescents observing social exclusion compared to observing inclusion, and how this activity related to both trait empathy and subsequent prosocial behavior. Participants were scanned while they observed an individual whom they believed was being socially excluded. At least one day prior to the scan they reported their trait empathy, and following the scan they wrote emails to the excluded victim that were rated for prosocial behavior (e.g., helping, comforting). Observing exclusion compared to inclusion activated regions involved in mentalizing (i.e., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), particularly among highly empathic individuals. Additionally, individuals who displayed more activity in affective, pain-related regions during observed exclusion compared to inclusion subsequently wrote more prosocial emails to excluded victims. Overall findings suggest that when early adolescents witness social exclusion in their daily lives, some may actually 'feel the pain' of the victims and act more prosocially toward them as a result.
Behavioral modeling for timing, noise, and signal integrity analysis

I/O behavioral modeling in the form of IBIS models has gained wide acceptance in signal integrity analysis. While the IBIS model accurately represents the characteristics of the output pin at three fixed process corners, it does not model driver delay or account for variations in temperature, supply voltages, and input transition rate. In this paper, we present a behavioral modeling technique that captures driver delay for timing analysis, driver output characteristics for signal integrity, and pre-drive currents for noise and power grid analysis; all are functions of temperature, supply voltages, and input transition rate.
Robert L. Klitzman. The Ethics Police?: The Struggle to Make Human Research Safe

In The Ethics Police?, Robert L. Klitzman reports his findings from interviews with members, chairs, and administrators of institutional review boards (IRBs). He finds them to be poorly trained in ethical reasoning, inconsistent in their decisions, and naive about the amount of power they wield. Yet he also maintains that IRBs “have succeeded in many ways.”
New Directions in the Study of Justice, Law, and Social Control

In the spring of 1986, we invited several distinguished scholars to write these essays on justice, law, and social control. In part, we initiated this project to reflect on the directions of our interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, which focuses on law and justice in society. More fundamentally, our goal was to encourage research on justice and injustice that could be integrated with the study of law and society or inquiry that focuses on social control, social change, conflict, and its resolution.
Evaluation of Continuous Performance Monitoring Techniques for Hazardous Waste Incinerators

This paper discusses monitoring the waste destruction efficiency of hazardous waste incinerators. The particular problem is to ensure that incinerators do not release, without detection, significant quantities of waste as a result of operating fluctuations or equipment degradation. To detect these conditions, continuous, automated, and real-time source monitoring is required. Detection of degraded performance by monitoring and measuring waste compounds directly is not presently possible on a continuous basis. An alternative is to use commercially available continuous monitors to measure combustion intermediates (e.g., CO or hydrocarbons) and thereby infer waste destruction efficiency. Required, however, is a correlation between the emission of intermediates and the emission of waste. In this paper, the response of a number of these continuous monitors is compared with waste destruction efficiency measurements from a laboratory scale, liquid-spray incinerator operated on fuel oil doped with model waste com...
3D printing-why all the fuss?

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is the process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes. 3D printing is also considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling (subtractive processes).
Why we fight: the origins, nature, and management of human conflict

David Churchman cautions that human conflict, the topic he addresses in Why We Fight, is highly complex and challenging because managing conflict requires the combined virtues and best qualities of...
Trailing Edge Noise Predictions Using Compressible LES and Acoustic Analogy

The present investigation of airfoil trailing edge noise generation and propagation concerns the broadband noise that arises from the interaction of turbulent boundary layers with the airfoil trailing edge and the tonal noise that arises from vortex shedding generated by laminar boundary layers. Large eddy simulations (LES) are conducted for a NACA0012 airfoil with blunt rounded trailing edge for three flow configurations with different freestream Mach numbers (M∞ = 0.115 and 0.4) and angles of incidence (AoA = 0 and 5 deg.). The Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord is fixed at Rec = 408000. The acoustic predictions are performed by the Ffowcs Williams & Hawkings (FWH) acoustic analogy formulation and incorporate convective effects. Surface and volume integrations of dipole and quadrupole source terms appearing in the FWH equation are performed using a 3D wideband multi-level adaptive fast multipole method (FMM) in order to accelerate the calculations of aeroacoustic integrals. The effects of Mach number and non-linear quadrupole sources are assessed. In order to validate the numerical solutions, flow simulation and acoustic prediction results are compared to experimental data available in the literature and excellent agreement is observed. Non-linear quadrupole noise sources play an important role in farfield sound radiation for the higher Mach number flow configuration, M∞ = 0.4, for both the tonal peak frequency and higher frequencies. A scaling study is performed and, although surface pressure spectra scale with hydrodynamic scaling, farfield acoustics has a more complex behavior. The broad vortex-shedding tone generated by the laminar boundary layer vortex shedding noise causes a departure from the classical fifth power-law scaling, a behavior also seen in previous experiments.
Overview of the Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing System Architecture

NASA s Phoenix Mars Lander began its journey to Mars from Cape Canaveral, Florida in August 2007, but its journey to the launch pad began many years earlier in 1997 as NASA s Mars Surveyor Program 2001 Lander. In the intervening years, the entry, descent and landing (EDL) system architecture went through a series of changes, resulting in the system flown to the surface of Mars on May 25th, 2008. Some changes, such as entry velocity and landing site elevation, were the result of differences in mission design. Other changes, including the removal of hypersonic guidance, the reformulation of the parachute deployment algorithm, and the addition of the backshell avoidance maneuver, were driven by constant efforts to augment system robustness. An overview of the Phoenix EDL system architecture is presented along with rationales driving these architectural changes.
Effects of Shading Treatments of Different Light Gradients on the Germination of Platycladus orientalis Seed

Under different light intensities,55.44% natural sunlight(NS),21.12% NS,3.47% NS and 0.86% NS in shade house,the characteristics of seed germination of L.obtusifolium were studied.The results showed that the final germination percentage under four shade treatments of different light intensities were 68.9%,82.2%,44.4% and 42.2% respectively.The course of germination was delayed with the decrease of light intensity,while both the germination index and vigor index peaked at the shade treatment of 21.12% NS was 1.89 and 770.8 respectively.
Biliary excretion of plasma non-transferrin-bound iron in rats: pathogenetic importance in iron-overload disorders

Plasma non-transferrin-bound iron (NTB-iron) is a potentially toxic form of iron, which is efficiently taken up by the normal, as well as the chronically iron-overloaded liver. In fact, NTB-iron may represent the major source of iron gaining access to hepatocytes in the iron-loaded state. We postulated that efficient biliary excretion of this form of iron could protect against iron-related hepatocellular injury. To characterize the biliary excretion of NTB-iron in intact normal and iron-loaded rats, the plasma disappearance and biliary excretion kinetics of plasma 55Fe-labeled NTB-iron were determined. In normal rats, prompt biliary excretion of plasma NTB-iron was evident, with peak radioactivity approximately 10 min after 55Fe injection (4.1% mean recovery at 3 h). In contrast, biliary iron excretion in iron-loaded rats was minimal (0.1%). In normal rats, a marked increase in biliary excretion of plasma NTB-iron was observed after intravenous desferrioxamine (mean recovery 20.9%) and the new oral iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one administered intravenously (mean recovery 16.1%) or orally (11.4%). In iron-loaded rats, the cumulative recoveries of 55Fe in bile achieved by chelators were lower than in controls (7.6, 3.9, and 3.7%, respectively). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 1) the normal liver rapidly excretes significant amounts of plasma NTB-iron in bile; 2) the iron-loaded liver exhibits a marked decrease in the capacity to excrete plasma NTB-iron into bile; and 3) chelating agents greatly enhance the biliary excretion of plasma NTB-iron, although the response in terms of cumulative recoveries is less pronounced in the iron-loaded state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Voltage Ripple-Based Passive Islanding Detection Technique for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters

One of the main challenges of integrating distributed generation into the power grid is islanding, which occurs when a disconnected power line is adversely energized by a local distributed generation source. If islanding is not quickly detected, it can present serious safety and hazardous conditions. Conventional passive detection techniques used today are entirely dependent on the parameters of the power system, which under certain operating conditions may fail to detect islanding. In this paper, a novel and efficient passive islanding detection technique for grid-connected photovoltaic-based inverters is presented. In this technique, the ripple content of the inverter output voltage at the point of common coupling is monitored for deviations using time-domain spectral analysis. Islanding is then detected whenever the ripple spectral content exceeds a preset threshold level for a certain period of time. The performance of this technique was extensively tested and quantified under a wide range of operating conditions. It was determined that the proposed technique did not exhibit any non-detection zone and was able to detect all types of islanding cases within 300 ms of the allowed delay time. Furthermore, the proposed technique was found to be robust and inherently immune to other degrading factors, since it is relatively independent of system parameters, power system scaling, or the number of distributed generation sources present within the islanding zone.
Emotional Convergence in Service Relationships: The Shared Frontline Experience of Customers and Employees

The literature establishes that customer and frontline employee (FLE) emotions converge during their encounters as a result of a transient, contagion-based process in which emotions flow from one actor to another. Recent evidence suggests, however, that this transient process does not produce emotional convergence among frontline dyads engaged in ongoing exchange, a surprising finding, given the wealth of evidence in support of the idea that customers and FLEs engaged in relational exchange strongly influence one another. In light of this evidence, we argue here that customers and FLEs engaged in ongoing exchange experience similar emotions not as a result of the transient transfer of emotions, but because they develop the tendency to undergo a similar emotional response to relationship events, a phenomenon we call the shared frontline experience. Informed by the social psychology literature, we support this idea by advancing a conceptual model that highlights the role of relationship closeness, personali...
4D microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography angiography (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for micron scale imaging of the human retina and cornea. Previous research and commercial intraoperative OCT prototypes have been limited to live B-scan imaging because they were based on previous-generation spectral domain OCT systems. Our group has developed and reported on an intraoperative microscope integrated OCT system based on a 100 kHz commercial swept source laser. This system is capable of live 4D imaging, and with a heads up display allows for dynamic intraoperative visualization of retinal structures, tool tissue interaction, and surgical maneuvers. OCT angiography (OCTA) is an emerging OCT technology that allows for imaging of retinal vasculature without the use of potentially harmful contrast agents. This structural information can provide insights into the state and development of a wide range of ophthalmic pathologies. The addition of OCTA into intraoperative OCT could allow for monitoring of changes in retinal vasculature during surgery and imaging of traditionally non-compliant patients. In this work we provide a brief update of intraoperative 4D MIOCT across a range of pathologies, and demonstrate intraoperative OCTA for the first time. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of intraoperative OCTA, as well as the first OCTA images ever acquired in an infant.
High-spin states of (fp)/sup 2/ character in /sup 34/ /sup 35/ /sup 36/Cl and /sup 37/ /sup 39/Ar. [40 MeV; angular distributions]

Angular distributions of the (..cap alpha..,d) reaction on /sup 32/ /sup 33/ /sup 34/S and /sup 35/ /sup 37/Cl have been measured at 40 MeV bombarding energy. High-spin states of (fp)/sup 2/ character in the final nuclei were identified on the basis of their strength and characteristic L = 4 and L = 6 angular distributions. For some states, spin assignments are suggested. The properties of the high-spin states are discussed.
Abnormal expression of the vitamin D receptor in keloid scars.

Abstract Keloids are abnormal fibroproliferative scars that pose a significant challenge to patients and clinicians. The molecular basis for keloid formation remains incompletely understood, and currently no universally effective treatments exist. It is well recognized that keloids are more prevalent in populations with darkly pigmented skin, such as African Americans, but the basis for the link between skin color and keloid risk is not known. Pigmentation reduces vitamin D production in the skin. Because most of the body’s vitamin D is produced in the skin, rates of vitamin D deficiency are higher in populations with darker skin pigmentation. In addition to regulation of calcium homeostasis, vitamin D plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, cancer progression, inflammation, and fibrosis. The activities of vitamin D are dependent on the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid nuclear receptor superfamily. The ligand-bound VDR acts as a transcription factor; thus, nuclear localization is required for ligand-dependent regulation of target gene expression. The current study investigated expression and nuclear localization of VDR in keloid scars (N = 24) and biopsies of normal skin (N = 24). Immunohistochemistry with two different antibodies demonstrated reduced VDR protein levels in a majority of keloid scars. Further, the percentage of epidermal cells displaying nuclear VDR localization was significantly lower in keloid scars compared with normal skin samples. Interestingly, analysis of VDR-positive nuclei among different normal skin samples showed a significant reduction in nuclear localization in epidermis of black donors compared with white donors. The results suggest that VDR may play a role in keloid pathology, and hint at a possible role for VDR in the increased susceptibility to keloid scarring in individuals with darkly pigmented skin.
Adaptive Field Detection and Localization in Robot Soccer

Major rule updates for the RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) in recent years pose significant perception challenges for recognizing objects with similar color. Despite the frequent color changes to goalpost, soccer ball and jerseys, the soccer field itself remains unaffected, which makes green the only reliable color feature that can be exploited. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for adaptive soccer field detection model utilizing NAO’s two-camera system. Building upon real-time image histogram analysis between top and bottom camera frames, the field color classifier is robust under inconsistent lighting conditions, and can be further processed to generate field boundaries. This approach could also be useful for other object detection modules and robot’s self-localization.
Beyond “implementation strategies”: classifying the full range of strategies used in implementation science and practice

Strategies are central to the National Institutes of Health’s definition of implementation research as “the study of strategies to integrate evidence-based interventions into specific settings.” Multiple scholars have proposed lists of the strategies used in implementation research and practice, which they increasingly are classifying under the single term “implementation strategies.” We contend that classifying all strategies under a single term leads to confusion, impedes synthesis across studies, and limits advancement of the full range of strategies of importance to implementation. To address this concern, we offer a system for classifying implementation strategies that builds on Proctor and colleagues’ (2013) reporting guidelines, which recommend that authors not only name and define their implementation strategies but also specify who enacted the strategy (i.e., the actor) and the level and determinants that were targeted (i.e., the action targets). We build on Wandersman and colleagues’ Interactive Systems Framework to distinguish strategies based on whether they are enacted by actors functioning as part of a Delivery, Support, or Synthesis and Translation System. We build on Damschroder and colleague’s Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to distinguish the levels that strategies target (intervention, inner setting, outer setting, individual, and process). We then draw on numerous resources to identify determinants, which are conceptualized as modifiable factors that prevent or enable the adoption and implementation of evidence-based interventions. Identifying actors and targets resulted in five conceptually distinct classes of implementation strategies: dissemination, implementation process, integration, capacity-building, and scale-up. In our descriptions of each class, we identify the level of the Interactive System Framework at which the strategy is enacted (actors), level and determinants targeted (action targets), and outcomes used to assess strategy effectiveness. We illustrate how each class would apply to efforts to improve colorectal cancer screening rates in Federally Qualified Health Centers. Structuring strategies into classes will aid reporting of implementation research findings, alignment of strategies with relevant theories, synthesis of findings across studies, and identification of potential gaps in current strategy listings. Organizing strategies into classes also will assist users in locating the strategies that best match their needs.
The financial education of the Eurozone

Abstract‘The Financial Education of the Eurozone’ is both a story of global markets forcing political leaders to take unpalatable steps to reinforce their monetary union, and a dawning realization that if there is to be further integration it will have to come through reinforcing the interdependence of the euro area’s markets and banks. This study examines the historical logic behind the establishment of the euro, shows how fiscal and monetary backstops took shape amid the market turmoil and explores the nascent effort to impose structural reform. Finally, it outlines how European-level supervision and regulation of banks and capital markets have significantly bolstered the currency union and urges further progress on these reforms as the best hope for further progress during the current populist moment.
Diabetes in pregnancy

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common and important medical complication affecting pregnancy. The prevalence of diabetes worldwide has risen considerably in recent years. This is in part due to increasing rates of obesity in developed countries, which has reached epidemic proportions. This phenomenon is particularly marked in Asia, leading to a marked increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The average age for childbearing has also increased, and this too has contributed to an increased incidence of cases of both preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy. Previous controversies relating to the diagnosis and management of GDM have been partially resolved because of important advances made in recent years. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The St. Vincent Declaration on diabetes care in 1989 cited pregnancy as one of its concerns and aimed to achieve a perinatal outcome rate equivalent to that in the nondiabetic obstetric population. As a generalization, in both preexisting diabetes and GDM, the majority of complications are due to suboptimal maternal glycemic control. Therefore the key issue in the management is to optimize maternal glycemic control. This is multifaceted, and optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Classification of Diabetes In Pregnancy There are two forms of diabetes in pregnancy, preexisting (pregestational) diabetes and that which comes on during pregnancy (gestational diabetes). Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregestational or preexisting diabetes mellitus includes women who have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes diagnosed before the onset of pregnancy. Owing to an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the rate of pregestational diabetes has also risen over the past number of years. In contrast to gestational diabetes mellitus, preexisting diabetes may result in additional complications to the fetus from the first trimester, and pregnancy itself can affect preexisting diabetes-related complications. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Traditionally, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This definition applies whether or not the condition persists after pregnancy. Thus, it does not exclude the possibility that unrecognized diabetes mellitus may have been present before the onset of pregnancy but detected for the first time in pregnancy.
Relation of Body Mass Index to Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Hispanics, Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites.

No previous studies have examined the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and race/ethnicity with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We retrospectively followed 48,323 persons free of AF (43% Hispanic, 37% black, and 20% white; median age 60 years) for subsequent incident AF (ascertained from electrocardiograms). BMI categories included very severely underweight (BMI 40 kg/m2). Cox regression analysis controlled for baseline covariates: heart failure, gender, age, treatment for hypertension, diabetes, PR length, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, socioeconomic status, use of β blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin. Over a follow-up of 13 years, 4,744 AF cases occurred. BMI in units of 10 was associated with the development of AF (adjusted hazard ratio 1.088, 95% confidence interval 1.048 to 1.130, p
A Generic Tool to Browse Tutor-Student Interactions: Time Will Tell!

A basic question in mining data from an intelligent tutoring system is, “What happened when…?” A generic tool to answer such questions should let the user specify which phenomenon to explore; explore selected events and the context in which they occurred; and require minimal effort to adapt the tool to new versions, to new users, or to other tutors. We describe an implemented tool and how it meets these requirements. The tool applies to MySQL databases whose representation of tutorial events includes student, computer, start time, and end time. It infers the implicit hierarchical structure of tutorial interaction so humans can browse it. A companion paper [1] illustrates the use of this tool to explore data from Project LISTEN's automated Reading Tutor.
Generation of a Half-Life Extended Anti-CD19 BiTE® Antibody Construct Compatible with Once-Weekly Dosing for Treatment of CD19-Positive Malignancies

Abstract CD19 is an immunoglobulin family member expressed ubiquitously on B cell lineage cells, from the pre-B cell to the mature B cell stage, until downregulation during terminal differentiation into plasma cells. CD19 is important for B cell activation, maturation and proliferation, and is widely expressed on the majority of B cell neoplasms. The T cell engaging bispecific antibody construct (BiTE®) blinatumomab, which targets CD19, is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults and children in the US and has shown great promise for treating other CD19-positive hematological malignancies. The short serum half-life of blinatumomab necessitates administration by continuous IV infusion to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations. To extend the half-life and allow for a more convenient administration, a next generation BiTE® antibody construct designated CD19 HLE BiTE® has been generated. The CD19 HLE BiTE® comprises a new CD19- and CD3-targeting tandem single-chain Fv antibody fused to an Fc domain. The biological properties of CD19 HLE BiTE® were evaluated in vitro and in vivo . CD19 HLE BiTE® binds with high affinity to both human and non-human primate (NHP) CD19 as well as CD3. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CD19 HLE BiTE® can recruit and activate human and NHP T cells, mediating redirected lysis of CD19-expressing cells at half-maximal effective concentrations in the low picomolar range. The fusion to an Fc domain resulted in a serum half-life of 210 hours following a single intravenous administration of a 5 µg/kg dose in NHP. In a repeat-dose study CD19 HLE BiTE® caused robust depletion of circulating B cells, B lineage bone marrow cells, and peripheral lymphoid organ B cells in NHPs, whilst no overt signs of toxicity were observed in clinical and laboratory examinations of the animals. These results demonstrate that CD19 HLE BiTE® effectively eliminated CD19-positive cells in vitro and in vivo, and may be suitable for once weekly dosing in patients with CD19-positive malignancies. Disclosures Lorenczewski: Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Friedrich: Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kischel: AMGEN: Employment. Dahlhoff: Amgen Research (Munich): Employment, Equity Ownership. Anlahr: Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Balazs: Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Rock: Amgen, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Boyle: Amgen: Employment. Goldstein: Amgen: Employment. Coxon: Amgen, Inc.: Employment. Chapman-Arvedson: Amgen, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Enhanced SIRT6 activity abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant SOD1.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacylases that play a key role in transcription, DNA repair, metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. Increasing NAD+ availability regulates endogenous SIRT...
3-Dimensional Imaging of Cutaneous Nerve Endings.

Cutaneous nerve endings are assumed to change due to dermatological pathologies, such as psoriasis. Tan et al. (2019) present a method to assess changes in nerve architecture more precisely by using 3-dimensional histology. This commentary discusses the advantages of 3-dimensional histology, as well as some limitations of the presented method. Future work should focus on intravital applications.
“I Do Belong Here”: Identity Perceptions of Postgraduate Music Education Majors:

Students choosing to enter the music teaching profession after having already obtained undergraduate degrees in other music fields may experience unique forms of socialization and teacher identity ...
A 2.4 GS/s 10-Bit Time-Interleaved SAR ADC with a Bypass Window and Opportunistic Offset Calibration

A power-efficient 2.4 GS/s 10-bit time-interleaved SAR ADC is presented. To reduce the power consumption, several conversion cycles are skipped as the input signal falls within a predefined bypass window. To enhance the operation speed, two alternate comparators are adopted in each ADC channel. The comparator offset is calibrated only when the bit bypass is triggered. This eliminates the need of a dedicated calibration cycle and the conversion rate degradation is avoided. The reference voltage of each ADC channel is provided by a pre-charged reservoir to avoid inter-channel crosstalk without introduction of power-hungry distributed reference buffers. Fabricated in a 28 nm FDSOI process, the proposed ADC achieves 49.02 dB SNDR and a Nyquist Walden FOM of 17.7 fJ/conv.-step at 2.4 GS/s.
Rumination Syndrome: Recognition and Treatment

The purpose of this paper is to discuss current diagnostic and treatments of rumination. Rumination is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in adults, especially when symptoms suggest regurgitation rather than vomiting accompanied by re-chewing and re-swallowing and should be included in the differential diagnosis. It is primarily diagnosed clinically by ROME-IV or DSM-5. That rumination can be re-affirmed by characteristic patterns on objective testing such as high-resolution esophageal manometry and 24-h pH impedance testing. However, although gastroduodenal manometry and EMG are helpful, these tests are slowly losing interest given their technical nature of data gathering, time consumption, cost burden, and patient discomfort. Rumination is primarily diagnosed clinically by ROME-IV or DSM-5 in addition to high-resolution esophageal manometry and 24-h pH impedance. Management is challenging and usually a combination of behavioral, pharmacological, and rarely surgical treatment. Recent data demonstrate that the combination of behavioral techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing exercises and/or with baclofen has promising results. Further research is necessary to further define objective criteria for diagnosis and other therapeutic modalities for treatment.
Molecular basis for hycanthone drug action in schistosome parasites

Hycanthone (HYC) is a retired drug formerly used to treat schistosomiasis caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. Resistance to HYC was first observed in S. mansoni laboratory strains and in patients in the 1970s and the use of this drug was subsequently discontinued with the substitution of praziquantel (PZQ) as the single antischistosomal drug in the worldwide formulary. In endemic regions, multiple organizations have partnered with the World Health Organization to deliver PZQ for morbidity control and prevention. While the monotherapy reduces the disease burden, additional drugs are needed to use in combination with PZQ to stay ahead of potential drug resistance. HYC will not be reintroduced into the schistosomiasis drug formulary as a combination drug because it was shown to have adverse properties including mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic activities. Oxamniquine (OXA) was used to treat S. mansoni infection in Brazil during the brief period of HYC use, until the 1990s. Its antischistosomal efficacy has been shown to work through the same mechanism as HYC and it does not possess the undesirable properties linked to HYC. OXA demonstrates cross-resistance in Schistosoma strains with HYC resistance and both are prodrugs requiring metabolic activation in the worm to toxic sulfated forms. The target activating enzyme has been identified as a sulfotransferase enzyme and is currently used as the basis for a structure-guided drug design program. Here, we characterize the sulfotransferases from S. mansoni and S. haematobium in complexes with HYC to compare and contrast with OXA-bound sulfotransferase crystal structures. Although HYC is discontinued for antischistosomal treatment, it can serve as a resource for design of derivative compounds without contraindication.
Postpartum blood pressure trends are impacted by race and BMI.

Abstract Objective Our objective was to evaluate postpartum blood pressure trends, and time to resolution of hypertension among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, specifically focusing on impact of race and BMI on these trends. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized trial that utilized a text-message based home blood pressure monitoring system. BPs for this study included both inpatient postpartum BPs as well as home BPs obtained from the text-based program. Women were followed from 12 h of delivery to 16 days postpartum. Outcomes were: (1) postpartum BP trend summaries from a linear mixed-effects regression model and (2) time to resolution of hypertension (defined as ≥ 48 h of BPs Results Eighty-four women were included, of which 63% were black. Non-black women with a BMI Conclusion We identified race and BMI to be determinants of postpartum BP trends and hypertension resolution. Further study is needed to determine if race and BMI targeted postpartum hypertension interventions may lead to faster blood pressure recovery and lower maternal morbidity postpartum.