cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuromorphic algorithms for computer vision and attention

We describe an integrated vision system which reliably detects persons in static color natural scenes, or other targets among distracting objects. The system is built upon the biologically-inspired synergy between two processing stages: A fast trainable visual attention front-end (where), which rapidly selects a restricted number of conspicuous image locations, and a computationally expensive object recognition back-end (what), which determines whether the selected locations are targets of interest. We experiment with two recognition back-ends: One uses a support vector machine algorithm and achieves highly reliable recognition of pedestrians in natural scenes, but is not particularly biologically plausible, while the other is directly inspired from the neurobiology of inferotemporal cortex, but is not yet as robust with natural images. Integrating the attention and recognition algorithms yields substantial speedup over exhaustive search, while preserving detection rate. The success of this approach demonstrates that using a biological attention-based strategy to guide an object recognition system may represent an efficient strategy for rapid scene analysis.
The Vaccinia Virus Gene I2L Encodes a Membrane Protein with an Essential Role in Virion Entry

The previously unstudied vaccinia virus gene I2L is conserved in all orthopoxviruses. We show here that the 8-kDa I2 protein is expressed at late times of infection, is tightly associated with membranes, and is encapsidated in mature virions. We have generated a recombinant virus in which I2 expression is dependent upon the inclusion of tetracycline in the culture medium. In the absence of I2, the biochemical events of the viral life cycle progress normally, and virion morphogenesis culminates in the production of mature virions. However, these virions show an ∼400-fold reduction in specific infectivity due to an inability to enter target cells. Several proteins that have been previously identified as components of an essential entry/fusion complex are present at reduced levels in I2-deficient virions, although other membrane proteins, core proteins, and DNA are encapsidated at normal levels. A preliminary structure/function analysis of I2 has been performed using a transient complementation assay: the C-terminal hydrophobic domain is essential for protein stability, and several regions within the N-terminal hydrophilic domain are essential for biological competency. I2 is thus yet another component of the poxvirus virion that is essential for the complex process of entry into target cells.
Continuous-wave 4.3-μm intracavity difference frequency generation in an optical parametric oscillator

We have achieved 150 mW of cw output at 4.3 μm, using difference frequency mixing in a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). We pumped the OPO cavity, which contains periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN), with a 14-W 1.06‐μm Nd:YAG laser to generate a signal at 1.7 μm and an idler at 2.8 μm. Mixing of the two waves at the same crystal temperature and grating spacing yielded emission in the mid IR. This technique avoids the mid-IR absorption–high-threshold problem, which has limited the cw performance of PPLN OPO’s at wavelengths beyond 4 μm. Provided that tunability is not required, this method is a simple alternative to multiple-crystal configurations.
Measuring the angular dependence of betatron x-ray spectra in a laser-wakefield accelerator

This paper presents a new technique to measure the angular dependence of betatron x-ray spectra in a laser-wakefield accelerator. Measurements are performed with a stacked image plates spectrometer, capable of detecting broadband x-ray radiation up to 1 MeV. It can provide measurements of the betatron x-ray spectrum at any angle of observation (within a 40 mrad cone) and of the beam profile. A detailed description of our data analysis is given, along with comparison for several shots. These measurements provide useful information on the dynamics of the electrons are they are accelerated and wiggled by the wakefield.
Reductions in grassland species evenness increase dicot seedling invasion and spittle bug infestation

Previous experiments that tested whether diverse plant communities have lower invasibility have all varied species richness. We experimentally varied evenness of four grassland species (three grasses and one forb) by planting a field experiment in Texas, and monitored the number of unplanted dicot and monocot species that invaded plots for two growing seasons. By varying evenness, we eliminated any sampling effect in our diversity treatment, because all plots contained the same plant species. Experimentally reducing evenness led to a greater number of dicot invaders, which emerged in plots throughout the growing season, but had less of an effect on monocot invaders, which emerged in flushes when experimental plants were semi-dormant. Frequency of Solidago canadensis (altissima) stems with spittle bugs significantly increased with reductions in evenness during the first year, apparently because the greater number of Solidago stems in high evenness plots diluted the spittle-bug effect. These results support the view that higher diversity plant communities are more resistant to dicot invaders and insect herbivores.
Interaction of human spermatozoa with the human zona pellucida and zona-free hamster oocyte following capacitation by exposure to human cervical mucus

The functional capacity for sperm interaction with the human zona pellucida and zona-free hamster oocyte was tested after human spermatozoa were capacitated by passage through a column of human cervical mucus. The results were compared with those obtained when spermatozoa from an aliquot of the same semen sample were capacitated by the standard laboratory methods involving sequential washing by dilution and centrifugation of the semen. Washed-capacitated sperm suspensions were more successful than mucus-capacitated sperm in attaching to the zona-free hamster oocyte and in fusing with its oolemma. However, the ability of mucus-capacitated sperm to penetrate the human zona pellucida was equal to washed capacitated sperm. These experiments demonstrate an approach that may be useful in comparative studies of human sperm capacitation in vivo and in vitro.
A Practical Approach to University Records Management

A successful records management program in the university must begin with an inventory of the records on hand, and at the outset the inventory may appear to be a difficult undertaking. In reality the work requires extreme care, tact, and patience. This inventory may be taken either by a questionnaire sent to the various schools and departments or by a personal survey. Sending a questionnaire with the accompanying forms and instructions may appear to be the most economical and the quickest way of implementing a records program, but it is difficult to arouse the interest of the deans and department heads in a problem that they feel is of little concern to them. Though it is more expensive and time consuming, a survey taken by a professional records analyst or someone familiar with the problems involved will pay larger dividends, in the long run, for mistakes made in the inventory will plague the program for years to
Modelling dissociation in hypersonic blunt body and nozzle flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium

The generalized depletion equations, considering state-to-state kinetics of dissociating nitrogen, are solved to predict the extent of vibrational depletion in the temperature range of 3000-10000 K for hypersonic blunt body flows, where the translational temperature is higher than vibrational temperature (T > Tv) in the shock layer. The prediction of nonequilibrium dissociation rates using the vibration-dissociation coupling model are significantly lower than the Park’s two-temperature model rates and helps explain the restricted success of the Park’s dissociation model in certain temperature ranges of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. Unlike the blunt body flows, energy transfers in expanding nozzle flows occurs for a vibrational temperature much higher than the translational temperature (Tv > T) and the vibrational population experiences an enhancement.
El metateatro y la dramática de Vargas Llosa: Hacia una poética del espectador

Rivera-Rodas proposes a new concept about what he calls the poetics of the theatrical reception. The discussion of this phenomenon, which also deals with meta theater, focuses on the dramatic work of Mario Vargas Llosa. Examination of the complex relationships of contemporary dramatic structures provides a new definition of meta theater and its effects on the public. Meta theater is shown as a semiotic result not theatrically representable, since it takes place only in the spectator's perceptible experience. Therefore, it does not exist prior to the theatrical or reading reception, nor is it present in the staging. Instead, meta theater results from interaction among reader, text, and performance.
Sojourner reentry: a grounded elaboration of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation

ABSTRACTThis paper offers grounded evidence in support of the elaboration of Kim's [(2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation (ITCCA) to include sojourner reentry. Findings from 24 intensive interviews validate the heuristic value of ITCCA in the reentry context, but also reveal unique features that set reentry adaptation apart from cross-cultural adaptation. Key theoretical contributions include (1) a nuanced description of the role of reentry communication competence, (2) greater complexity of the roles and networks of interpersonal and mediated communication upon return, (3) an expansion to the environment domain to include “home environment,” and (4) a long-range perspective on the development of functional fitness, psychological health, and intercultural personhood. Implications for sojourner reentry training are addressed.
In-plane vibration analysis of annular sector plates with arbitrary boundary supports

In this study,the free in-plane vibrations of the annular sector plates with arbitrary boundary conditions are investigated with the improved Fourier series method(IFSM).Arbitrary boundary supports can be physically realized by setting tangential and normal springs along each edge in the current method.Regardless of the boundary conditions,the tangential and radial displacement functions were invariantly sought as an improved Fourier cosine series,and a sine series was introduced to overcome all the relevant discontinuities or jumps of elastic boundary conditions.The expansion coefficients were considered as the generalized coordinates and hence determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique,which resulted in a standard eigenvalue problem concerning the unknown displacement expansion coefficient.The natural frequencies and mode shapes were thereby solved readily.The results of annular sector plates with various boundary conditions were presented and compared with those published in literatures and obtained by finite element method,so as to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the current method.
The Spiritual Dynamic in Modern Art: Art History Reconsidered, 1800 to the Present

Charlene Spretnak is Professor Emerita in the Philosophy and Religion Department at the California Institute of Integral Studies. In books such as States of Grace (1991) and The Resurgence of the R...
Decision Participants’ Pre-Purchase Risk Perceptions for an Industrial Innovation

This paper investigated the heterogeneity in decision participants’ pre-purchase risk perceptions in the adoption decision for an industrial innovation. Decision participants’ perception of six dimensions of risk were assessed. The decision participants were the members of supermarket buying committees, and the innovation adoption decision concerned the Universal Product Code scanner checkout system. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the differences in perceived risk across decision participants grouped on the basis of organizational hierarchy, functional area, industry experience, age, and education. The implication of the analyses for industrial marketing strategy is briefly discussed.
The Origin of the Problem

The origin of the problem is wrapped in history. Some knowledge of that history is, therefore, necessary to an understanding of the present situation. Outside Asia, ignorance of the actual, historical development of this continent has often led to misconceptions and incorrect appraisals of the significance of what is taking place today.
Assessing Competence in Medical Humanism: Development and Validation of the ICARE Scale for Assessing Humanistic Patient Care

Although the human dimensions of health care have been incorporated into medical education, how students perform in those areas remains unclear. One potential reason is the lack of reliable and valid instruments to assess humanistic performance in medical trainees. This study developed and examined a 15-item, 5-point Likert scale designed to assess medical students’ performance in Integrity, Compassion, Altruism, Respect, and Empathy (ICARE). Fifty medical students’ videotaped performance in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) station were rated by three investigators. Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation (ICC), and the generalizability (G) study were conducted for reliability examination. To examine validity, factor analysis was conducted to explore the latent structure of the scale, and the correlations of the scale scores with four external criterion measures were calculated. Psychometric findings provided support for internal consistency, inter-rater and reproducibility reliability as well as construct validity of the scale scores. Criterion-related validity remains to be further investigated. The mean scores for the scale (3.74) and subscales (ranging from 3.44 to 4.08) showed room for the students to grow. The mean scores on the Respect and Integrity subscales were significantly (p < 0.05–0.001) higher than those of the other subscales. Students’ humanistic performance in a simulated clinical setting appeared to differ from their self-perceived patient-centeredness and empathy. While patient-centeredness and professionalism have received good attention in medical education, resulting in better student performances in those areas in the study, compassion and altruism remain in need of greater emphasis.
A Hydraulic Hybrid Neuroprosthesis for Gait Restoration in People with Spinal Cord Injuries

The Hybrid Neuroprosthesis (HNP) is a hydraulically actuated exoskeleton and implanted Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) system that has been designed and fabricated to restore gait to people with spinal cord injuries. The exoskeleton itself does not supply any active power, instead relying on an implanted FES system for all active motor torques. The exoskeleton instead provides support during quiet standing and stance phases of gait as well as sensory feedback to the stimulation system. Three individuals with implanted functional electrical stimulation systems have used the system to successfully walk short distances, but were limited in the flexion torques the stimulation system could provide.
Type A Behavior and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivational Orientation in Male College Students

This study attempts to integrate the conceptualization of the Type A behavior pattern with the research on intrinsic motivation. The hypothesis is proposed that Type A behaviors, such as the tendency to compete, set deadlines, and seek evaluative feedback, serve to focus attention on extrinsic motivation rather than intrinsic motivation. Settings which are low in intrinsic motivation, such as close supervision, low flexibility, and control, are often accompanied by pressure, tension, and negative affect. This hypothesis was tested by measuring Type A behavior and motivational orientation in male college students. Consistent with the hypothesis,Type A behavior was associated with extrinsic motivational orientation, such as taking easy courses and focusing on getting a good grade. Type A individuals also were unaffected by instructions designed to increase intrinsic motivation, whereas Type B individuals were highly sensitive to such instructions. These data provide an explanation for the paradoxical effect of Type A behavior in males, such that success is often accompanied by feelings of dissatisfaction.
Prioritized multi-objective dynamics and control of robots in human environments

We characterize the dynamics of multiple prioritized control objectives and we present a framework that can simultaneously control these objectives by providing decoupled closed-loop dynamics within their priority level. This controller is suitable for robots that operate in human environments, where they face multiple contacts and must comply with multiple control criteria. We explore several cases including constrained hand tracking and compliant multi-objective control.
Impact of hospital transfer on surgical outcomes of intestinal atresia.

Abstract Background Examine effects of hospital transfer into a quaternary care center on surgical outcomes of intestinal atresia. Methods Children Results 1672 weighted discharges represented a national cohort. The highest income group and those with private insurance had significantly lower odds of transfer (OR:0.53 and 0.74, p Conclusions Significant differences in hospital LOS and treatment access reveal a potential healthcare gap. Post-acute care resources should be improved for transferred patients.
Interspecific comparison of the unusually repetitive Drosophila locus mastermind

Themastermind gene ofDrosophila melanogaster encodes a novel, highly repetitive nuclear protein required for neural development. To identify functionally important regions we have initiated an interspecific comparison of the gene inDrosophila virilis. Mastermind transcription and genomic organization are similar in both species and sequence analysis reveals significant conservation in a major cluster of charged amino acids. In contrast, extensive variation is noted in homopolymer domains that immediately flank the acidic cluster. Distinct patterns of evolutionary change can be identified: the major difference between unique regions are occasional amino acid substitutions whereas the repetitive areas are characterized by numerous large in-frame insertions/deletions and a nearly threefold higher rate of amino acid replacement. Conservation of the acidic domain suggests that it has an important functional role whereas the hypervariable homopolymer regions appear to be under less selective constraints than adjacent unique areas.
Taking messages into the magnet: Method–theory synergy in communication neuroscience

ABSTRACTBrain imaging techniques within communication research have rapidly expanded in popularity in recent years, driven by an increase in access to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology and by theoretical developments within the field. In this manuscript, we present an overview of research from within communication and cognate disciplines that has leveraged insights from fMRI research to “push the envelope,” demonstrating a synergy between methodological and theoretical progress. In addition, we provide a review of fMRI technology, methodology, and theoretical considerations, focusing on recent developments in the cognitive and brain sciences that are of special relevance to communication scholars. Finally, we provide a series of practical recommendations and resources for communication scholars interested in conducting fMRI studies.
Simulations of ultrafast laser-induced excitation and heating of electron sub-system of semiconductors with the Vinogradov equation and multi-band Keldysh formula

High-intensity laser interactions with band-gap solids are frequently simulated with the Keldysh photoionization-rate formula and the Drude model to describe light absorption and related heating of conduction-band electrons. That approach suffers from several internal contradictions. We fix some of them by combining the Vinogradov equation for energy absorption with multi-band version of the Keldysh equation for the rate of photoionization.
The Transport Systems of Mitochondrial Membranes

The respiratory and phosphorylative functions of mitochondria are now widely known and much information is available regarding the nature and intramitochondrial location of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and the enzymes concerned in oxidative phosphorylation. The concept of the respiratory assembly of flavoproteins and cytochromes as a structural and functional unit of the inner membrane and the successful reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation from purified ATP-synthetase and inner membrane vesicles are land-marks in the progress of the last decade.
Dispersal and Corridors

When is it time for the young to leave the family unit (Horn 1978)? There is a misconception that parents physically evict or chase away young from the natal site. However, there is very little or no evidence for this. In eastern chipmunks, when young emerge from an underground burrow systems for the first time, play among siblings may initially be seen, but this behavior wanes in a couple of days. Soon the young are intolerant of each other, and the female parent soon becomes very aggressive and territorial toward the young, if the young try to return to the natal site (Yahner 1978a). Thus, if the adult female shows any aggression toward her young, it seems to be simply an intolerance of their presence as if they were an intruding conspecific.
The Curriculum, and the Hidden Curriculum, in Indian Education, 1985 to the Present

In this essay, I focus on various curricular practices of Indian schools. I discuss curriculum not as the declared, intended, or tested curriculum, but as the experienced, taught, and learnt curriculum, or what may be observed by an ethnographer sitting for the whole school day in various classrooms as the sum total of the processes that are going on under the school roof. Then the “hidden curriculum,” as the name implies, includes the non-explicit, implicit, unstated things that are also being taught to children in school along with the explicitly stated curricular subjects. This hidden curriculum is always present and relies on the structures and processes of schools, including spatial layouts, language use, interrelationships, rituals, and symbols. I highlight the importance of the curriculum, including the hidden curriculum, and mark the change in it over thirty years.
Development of ultralight nanocellulose magnets using ultrasonic agitation

In this study, a simple method was developed to incorporate commercially available magnetic AlNiCo powders into nanocellulose composite solids and aerogels. Fine magnetic powders can be homogeneously integrated using only ultrasonic agitation. Simply grinding standard industrial powders within a mortar and pestle was sufficient to create a fine enough starting material, although care must be taken not to magnetize the powder to prevent agglomeration. The resulting suspension could be freeze dried to form ultralight ferromagnetic aerogels or dried to form hard magnetic solids or films. Homogeneous nanocellulose composites with mass ratios of up to 50% AlNiCo were readily achieved. The resulting materials showed magnetic behavior as expected for a standard AlNiCo composite, with a homogeneous and submicron magnetic particle distribution. The resultant properties compared favorably to processes using preformed magnetic nanoparticles as a starting material. The simplicity of the technique, which uses standard...
Monarch Butterflies Show Differential Utilization of Nine Midwestern Milkweed Species

Monarch butterfly overwintering numbers have declined over the past 20 years. Restoring habitat that includes milkweeds, the only host plants for larval monarch butterflies, is necessary to increase monarch numbers within the breeding range. The value of different milkweed species for restoration will depend, in part, on the extent to which they are utilized by ovipositing females. The number of eggs laid on different species over a season will be a function of plant size and phenology as well as female preference. We examined seasonal egg deposition and females’ oviposition choices by comparing the number of eggs laid by free-flying wild monarchs on each of nine native milkweed species occurring in Iowa (Asclepias syriaca, Asclepias tuberosa, Asclepias incarnata, Asclepias verticillata, Asclepias exaltata, Asclepias hirtella, Asclepias speciosa, Asclepias sullivantii, and Cynanchum laeve). One plot, consisting of clusters of each of the nine species, was established at each of 14 sites across the state of Iowa. Eggs were counted weekly in June, July and August 2015-2017. The highest egg totals were recorded on A. incarnata and A. syriaca in all years. Fewer eggs were counted on A. exaltata, A. hirtella, A. tuberosa, A. verticillata, and C. laeve. Our results show that monarchs prefer some milkweed species over others, but that they can use all nine native milkweed species for oviposition.
Factors Associated With Meningioma Detected in a Population-Based Sample.

Abstract Objective To determine the frequency of incidental meningioma and identify associated factors in a population-based sample of participants who systematically underwent brain imaging. Patients and Methods We searched the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based sample of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Using a text search of radiologists’ notes for 2402 individuals (median age, 75.0 years) who underwent imaging between August 10, 2005, and July 31, 2014, we identified 52 patients (2.2%) who had at least one meningioma. We estimated the association of selected risk factors with the presence of meningioma using odds ratios and 95% CIs from logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex. Based on these results, we moved the most significant variables forward to a multivariable model. Results Controlling for age and sex, significant associations with the presence of meningioma included higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P=.03), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.13-3.95; P=.02), aspirin (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05-3.46; P=.04), and blood pressure–lowering medication (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.06-3.99; P=.03). Lower risk was associated with male sex (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90; P=.02), coronary artery disease (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.97; P=.04), and higher self-reported anxiety (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98; P=.02). Simultaneous adjustment for all of these factors except aspirin in a multivariable model did not attenuate these associations (concordance, 0.71). Conclusion In a population-based sample of 2402 participants, 52 (2.2%) had an incidental meningioma. They were more likely to be female and have higher body mass index. Meningioma was also associated with certain medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood pressure–lowering medications) and inversely with anxiety and coronary artery disease.
Association of Surgical Setting and Deployment of a New Electronic Health Record With Ophthalmic Operative Times.

Importance Determining the association of surgical setting and implementation of a new electronic health record (EHR) system with ophthalmic operative times is important for surgical planning and resource allocation. Objective To assess the associations of surgical setting and EHR system replacement with operative times for ophthalmic surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series included ophthalmic surgeries from July 2015 to November 2016 in 2 ambulatory surgical centers and 1 hospital outpatient department in a single academic eye institute. Operative times from consecutive surgical cases performed by board-certified ophthalmologists were extracted from 2 EHR systems. Those performed after replacement EHR system implementation were divided into three 50-day time categories (immediate posttransition, intermediate posttransition, and late posttransition periods). Multivariable regression analyses assessed the associations of surgical setting (hospital outpatient department vs ambulatory surgical center) with total operating room times for comparable surgeons performing cataract surgery and deployment of a new EHR system in the OR on several operative time measures. Data were evaluated from November 2016 to March 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Room duration, procedure duration, turnaround time, and total OR time. Results A total of 11 064 cases performed by 76 surgeons were included in this analysis. The mean total OR time was 2.9 (95% CI, 0.5-5.4; P = .02) minutes longer in the immediate posttransition period and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.1-2.2; P = .04) minutes longer in the intermediate posttransition period relative to surgeries performed before EHR system replacement. No difference in the total OR time was found between the late posttransition and pretransition periods. Relative to ambulatory surgical centers, the mean total OR time was 15.9 (95% CI, 14.7-17.0) minutes longer, and the mean turnaround time was 5.1 (95% CI, 4.3-6.0) minutes longer at the hospital outpatient department for comparable surgeons performing cataract surgery ( P Conclusions and Relevance The mean total OR time per case lengthened after the replacement of an EHR system in the OR, but this increase was small (shorter than 3 minutes) and limited to surgeries performed during the first 100 days after the EHR system transition. Modeling to assess surgical setting demonstrated all operative time measures were longer for cataract cases performed at the hospital outpatient department relative to those at ambulatory surgical centers. These data have implications for the fiscal and logistical management of ophthalmic surgery.
Learning Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages by PU Learning

Word embedding is a key component in many downstream applications in processing natural languages. Existing approaches often assume the existence of a large collection of text for learning effective word embedding. However, such a corpus may not be available for some low-resource languages. In this paper, we study how to effectively learn a word embedding model on a corpus with only a few million tokens. In such a situation, the co-occurrence matrix is sparse as the co-occurrences of many word pairs are unobserved. In contrast to existing approaches often only sample a few unobserved word pairs as negative samples, we argue that the zero entries in the co-occurrence matrix also provide valuable information. We then design a Positive-Unlabeled Learning (PU-Learning) approach to factorize the co-occurrence matrix and validate the proposed approaches in four different languages.
GaSb Solar Cells Grown by MOCVD via IMF on GaAs

The use of antimonides is discussed as path to multijunction photovoltaics with optimal bandgap current matching, alternative to designs based around the Ge lattice constant or incorporating thick metamorphic gradings and buffer layers. This is achievable through direct growth of GaSb onto GaAs substrates. The large lattice mismatch between GaAs and GaSb (7.8%) is used to induce an interfacial misfit array, locking 90°dislocations in a thin layer which do not propagate in the growth direction. This method allows for direct heterepita×y of GaSb and related direct bandgap materials on GaAs and InGaP 2 heritage device structures without the need for a thick grading buffer, enabling a wider range of more cost effective inverted multijunction photovoltaic devices. Solar cells were grown by MOCVD and fabricated to investigate the growth of GaSb single junction solar cells on GaAs substrates using the IMF technique as a function of growth conditions including metalaorganic precursor type and layer design. Device results including 1-sun light-IV, quantum efficiency, and minority carrier lifetime will be discussed and compared against GaSb homoepita×ial devices, showing IMF devices with 2.0% AM1.5G efficiency, and improvement over previous results by MBE. This result, used as one input to a physics-based simulation of a multijunction InGaP 2 /GaAs tandem, shows an efficiency increase of 1% absolute.
Assessing Physician Adherence to Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management of Abnormal Screening Results.

Objective The aim of the study was to survey obstetrician-gynecologists' cervical cancer screening practices and management of cervical abnormalities to ascertain adherence to guidelines. Methods From January to July 2019, obstetrician-gynecologists at 5 St. Louis area hospitals were surveyed online about cervical cancer screening and management practices through 13 clinical vignettes. Survey scores and the American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) app use were compared using Mann-Whitney tests. Results When screening 30- to 65-year-old participants, 114 (98%) of the 116 total participants used co-testing, but only 71 (61%) screened at 5-year intervals. None used primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. For 21- to 29-year-old participants, 17 (15%) screened with annual cytology, whereas 14 (12%) used annual or every 3-year co-testing. Forty eight (41%) screened younger than 21 years, regardless of risk factors or only if immunocompromised. Eleven (9%) continued screening after total hysterectomy for benign indications. Only 2 (2%) responded to all clinical vignettes in adherence to guidelines. More than 30% of participants would pursue unnecessary HPV testing and/or loop electrosurgical excision procedure for persistent low-grade cytology. Fifty eight (48%) incorrectly reported hysterectomy as management for adenocarcinoma in situ on biopsy. Participants would undertreat young women with high-grade abnormalities including high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (48, 41%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (65, 56%). Forty one (35%) reported exiting women from screening prematurely. The median score for participants using the ASCCP app was significantly greater than those who did not (79% vs 71%, p = .002). Conclusions Midwestern obstetrician-gynecologists' adherence to the guidelines for cervical cancer screening and management of abnormal results is suboptimal. Although co-testing for women aged 30-65 years has been broadly adopted, primary HPV testing has not. Physicians overscreen, overtreat low-grade lesions, and undertreat high-grade lesions in young women.
MR-Conditional Actuations: A Review

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most prevailing technologies to enable noninvasive and radiation-free soft tissue imaging. Operating a robotic device under MRI guidance is an active research area that has the potential to provide efficient and precise surgical therapies. MR-conditional actuators that can safely drive these robotic devices without causing safety hazards or adversely affecting the image quality are crucial for the development of MR-guided robotic devices. This paper aims to summarize recent advances in actuation methods for MR-guided robots and each MR-conditional actuator was reviewed based on its working principles, construction materials, the noteworthy features, and corresponding robotic application systems, if any. Primary characteristics, such as torque, force, accuracy, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation due to the variance of the actuator, are also covered. This paper concludes with a perspective on the current development and future of MR-conditional actuators.
Bioelectrical impedance can predict skeletal muscle and fat-free skeletal muscle of beef cows and their carcasses.

Multiple linear regression equations predicting total skeletal muscle (TM) and total skeletal fat-free muscle (TFFM) weight were developed from data of 33 beef cows. Animals varied in weight (385 to 749 kg), age (3 to 10 yr), and fatness (.13 to 2.54 cm). A four-terminal impedance meter/plethysmograph measured resistance and reactance on the live animals, exsanguinated (bled) animals, and on the subsequent hot and cold carcasses. Stainless steel, sterile needles (20-gauge) were used as electrodes. They were inserted to depths of 12.7 mm for measurements made before and after exsanguination and to 25.4 mm for carcass measurements. Cold carcass resistance and reactance were measured a second time using 13-gauge needles inserted to depth of 76.2 mm. Distance between detector electrodes was measured. Carcass sides were physically separated into muscle, fat, and bone. Chemical composition (moisture, protein, and fat) was determined on the muscle portion. Equations predicting TM weight from live, bled, hot carcass, and cold carcass data had adjusted R2 values of .90, .96, .94, and .92, respectively. Analogous adjusted R2 values for TFFM weight were .87, .93, .90, and .87. Resistance was a predictor variable in all equations. The use of larger needles resulted in higher adjusted R2 values and inclusion of reactance as a predictor variable. Mallows Cp values were close to the ideal value of the number of independent variables in the prediction equations plus one (1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural plasticity of the avian pectoralis: a case for geometry and the forgotten organelle.

ABSTRACT The avian pectoralis muscle demonstrates incredible plasticity. This muscle is the sole thermogenic organ of small passerine birds, and many temperate small passerines increase pectoralis mass in winter, potentially to increase heat production. Similarly, this organ can double in size prior to migration in migratory birds. In this Commentary, following the August Krogh principle, I argue that the avian pectoralis is the perfect tissue to reveal general features of muscle physiology. For example, in both mammals and birds, skeletal muscle fiber diameter is generally accepted to be within 10–100 µm. This size constraint is assumed to include reaction-diffusion limitations, coupled with metabolic cost savings associated with fiber geometry. However, avian muscle fiber structure has been largely ignored in this field, and the extensive remodeling of the avian pectoralis provides a system with which to investigate this. In addition, fiber diameter has been linked to whole-animal metabolic rates, although this has only been addressed in a handful of bird studies, some of which demonstrate previously unreported levels of plasticity and flexibility. Similarly, myonuclei, which are responsible for protein turnover within the fiber, have been forgotten in the avian literature. The few studies that have addressed myonuclear domain (MND) changes in avian muscle have found rates of change not previously seen in mammals. Both fiber diameter and MND have strong implications for aging rates; most aging mammals demonstrate muscular atrophy (a decrease in fiber diameter) and changes in MND. As I discuss here, these features are likely to differ in birds.
Brief of Professors of Administrative Law and Federal Regulation as Amici Curiae in Support of Neither Party, Kisor v. Wilkie, No. 18-15 (U.S.)

In Kisor v. Wilkie, the United States Supreme Court considers whether to overrule Auer v. Robbins and its antecedent, Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co. This brief in support of neither party elucidates the differences between the deference principles of Auer and Seminole Rock, on the one hand, and Chevron USA Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., on the other. Without taking a position on the continuing viability of Auer and Seminole Rock, the brief urges the Supreme Court to respect the differences between "Chevron deference" and "Auer deference." It demonstrates that the two doctrines are fundamentally distinct, and that Chevron deference remains appropriate even if Auer deference to an agency’s interpretation of its own regulations is reconsidered.
Impact of Viral PCR Positive Nasal Swabs (Non Covid-19) on Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery.

Viral bronchiolitis is a relative contraindication to elective pediatric cardiac surgery. Nasopharyngeal swab utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for viruses known to cause bronchiolitis are commonly available. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal viral PCR positive findings at the time of cardiac surgery. Retrospective review from January 2013 to May 2019 for patients with virus detected by PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs at the time of cardiac surgery. Single ventricle and two ventricle patients were compared to control group of age and procedure matched patients viral negative at the time of surgery. Outcome measures included OR extubation, reintubation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. For two ventricle patients (n = 81; control group = 165), there was no statistical difference in any outcome variable (OR extubation 74% vs 72%; p = 0.9; reintubation 9% vs 11% vs; p = 0.7; hospital length of stay 5 days (1–46) vs 4 days (2–131); p = 0.4; mortality 2 vs 1; p = 0.3). For single ventricle patients, there was no statistical difference in any outcome variable (OR extubation 81% vs 76%; p = 0.6; reintubation 14% vs 21% vs; p = 0.5; hospital length of stay 9.5 days (3–116) vs 15 days (2–241); p = 0.1; mortality 0 vs 3; (p = 0.6)). PCR is a sensitive test that fails to predict which patients will proceed to have a clinically significant infection. Viral bronchiolitis remains a relative risk factor for cardiac surgery; presence of detectable virus via nasopharyngeal swab with limited clinical symptoms may not be a contraindication to cardiac surgery.
Costs of Trade Wars: The Distributional Consequences of US Section 301 Tariffs Against China

Between 2018 and 2020, the United States imposed massive new tariffs under a variety of trade laws, most notably the Section 301 tariffs against China. This new protection is extensive in magnitude and breadth; tariffs range from 10 to 30 percent and cover 50 percent of US consumer imports from China and 16 percent of total US consumer imports. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, I estimate that these tariffs cost the average US household at least $160 per year. I further find that the new taxes are highly regressive; the lowest income consumers pay more than 1.2 percent of their after-tax income to fight these trade wars, while the wealthiest consumers pay just 0.18 percent of their after-tax income. I find additional evidence that women and parents are paying an unfair share of efforts to put America first. While the current Administration has proposed to raise taxes on the wealthy to make the US tax system fairer, they should also eliminate tariffs which place undue burdens on the most vulnerable in our society.
Patient Experience and Satisfaction with an e-Health Care Management Application for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Background: Rising healthcare expenditures have been partially attributed to suboptimal management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Electronic health interventions may help improve care management for IBD patients, but there is a need to better understand patient perspectives on these emerging technologies. Aims: The primary aim was to evaluate patient satisfaction and experience with the UCLA eIBD mobile application, an integrative care management platform with disease activity monitoring tools and educational modules. The secondary objective was to capture patient feedback on how to improve the mobile application. Methods: We surveyed IBD patients treated at the UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. The patient experience survey assessed the patients’ overall satisfaction with the application, perception of health outcomes after participation in the program, and feedback on educational modules as well as areas for application improvement. Results: 50 patients were included. The responses indicated that the patients were greatly satisfied with the ease of patient–provider communication within the application and appointment scheduling features (68%). A majority of respondents (54%) also reported that program participation resulted in improved perception of disease control and quality of life. Lastly, a majority of participants (79%) would recommend this application to others. Conclusions: Mobile tools such as UCLA eIBD have promising implications for integration into patients’ daily lives. This patient satisfaction study suggests the feasibility of using this mobile application by patients and providers. We further showed that UCLA eIBD and its holistic approach led to improved patient experience and satisfaction, which can provide useful recommendations for future electronic health solutions.
Activation of dendritic cells by soypeptide lunasin as a novel vaccine adjuvant (VAC6P.942)

Adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines and improve the immune responses. FDA approved aluminum is known to promote Th2 immune response, which is the most used adjuvant in human vaccines; however it is less efficient on eliciting cellular immune responses. Thus, any agent capable of modulating the immune responses is the key to develop efficacious vaccines. We have identified a new use of soypeptide lunasin as a novel immune modulator. The objective is to define the effectiveness of lunasin as an adjuvant on activating immune responses. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal donors were stimulated with various concentrations of lunasin followed by phenotypic analysis of DC subsets. Lunasin-treated conventional DCs (cDCs) not only expressed elevated co-stimulatory molecules (CD86) but up-regulated chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and cytokine (IL-1β). Lunasin-treated cDCs induced higher proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells when comparing with medium control treatment in mixed lymphocyte reaction. In addition to cDCs, pDCs responded to lunasin stimulation as evidenced by IFNa production. Lunasin administration increased CD86 expression in cDCs and induced IFNa production by pDCs in mice. Moreover, immunization with OVA and lunasin in mice improved survival against OVA-expressing influenza virus. Our data suggest that lunasin may act as an adjuvant by targeting both cDCs and pDCs to enhance and modulate immune responses to vaccine antigens.
Antimetabolite action of 5-methyltryptophan in Bacillus subtilis.

The roles of anthranilate and histidine in the regulation of tryptophan synthesis were implicated by observations of antagonistic relationships with 5-methyltryptophan in Bacillus subtilis .
Repellency and oviposition deterrence of wild tomato leaf extracts to spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch

Glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. hirsutum Mull, also known as Solanum habrochaites (Solanaceae) synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (MKs). The potential of using MKs as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for controlling the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is explored in this study. Plants of L. hirsutum accession LA 407 having high concentrations of MKs were grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this investigation was to conduct bioassays that are quick and easy to implement, consistent over time (repeatable) with the ability to utilize small amounts of test material for testing repellency and fecundity (number of eggs laid by a female mite) of MKs in pure forms and in LA 407 crude extracts. Four MKs (2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-pentadecanone) and their mixture were screened for their repellency and ability to alter fecundity of spider mites. All MKs repelled spider mites at the...
Import Elasticities Revisited

Should the long run income elasticity of aggregate import demand be equal to one, as implied by the neoclassical demand theory? Why are many empirical estimates of income elasticities not equal to one, and why are some of them very high? The author addresses these and some other related questions by revisiting the relevant theories and empirical modeling frameworks.