cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic-Related Hip Fractures: Meta-Analysis of First-Generation and Second-Generation Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs

BACKGROUND:In 2007, more than 18,000 adults aged 65 or older died from injuries related to falls, with up to 30% experiencing severe injuries such as hip fracture or head trauma. The economic impact of falls and fractures among older people is substantial, with direct economic consequences totaling $19 billion in 2000.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between antipsychotic and antidepressant agents and the risk of hip fracture in older adults, across multiple studies.METHODS:An English-language PubMed/MEDLINE search for studies from January 1966 to January 2011 was conducted, using key words including aged, hip fracture, fractures, antidepressive agents, and antipsychotic agents, as well as individual drug names. Criteria for study inclusion were mean subject age greater than or equal to 65 years, adjusted for age and sex, hip fracture-specific results provided, data specific to a drug class, subclass, or single agents, and cohort or case-controlled study design. Two authors reviewed all studies for i...
Partner Reading and Writing: Peer Social Dialogue and the Zone of Proximal Development:

This classroom action research study investigated Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development using peer social dialogue integrated with teacher support to develop children's reading, writing, and abstract thinking in story reflection and sense of audience. Twenty-four first and second graders were paired for a 6-week partner reading and writing activity to provide peer social dialogue through partner storybook reading, discussion, and dialogue journal writing. A class mini-lesson on verbal story reflection added teacher support to the partner instructional activity. Data sources included student evaluations of their own classroom literacy performance and preferences, observational notes collected during the partner sessions, and students' dialogue journal entries. Students showed the most improvement in word recognition, minimal improvement in fluency, accurate evaluations of their own reading progress, and felt more positive about reading aloud. Students' journal entry writing progressed from copying their partners' statements to printed conversations about their stories. Teacher support influenced students' written dialogue and the strategies they used to share text meaning in verbal dialogue. L. S Vygotsky's theory on learning and development has been a powerful force in Soviet educational practice, and his work has become an important influence on Western education. In the past decade, the Western view of early literacy development has taken a decisive shift toward a social and functional perspective (Pearson, 1993). This perspective reflects the belief that most of what a person knows about language is learned through use in the presence of others (Harste, 1990). Vygotsky's
Integration of the Hybrid Adenoretroviral Vector AdLTR-luc Involves Both MoMLV Elements Flanking the Transgene

Vector delivery is still a bottleneck for gene therapy. To overcome some disadvantages of adenoviral and retroviral vectors, we developed a hybrid vector. This hybrid vector, AdLTR-luc, was created by adding two elements from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) flanking the luciferase cDNA into an E1/E3-deleted, replication deficient serotype 5 adenovirus vector (Zheng et al., Nature Biotechnol, 2000), and demonstrated that the MoMLV element upstream of the luciferase cDNA was broken during the integration event. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the MoMLV element downstream of the luciferase cDNA was also broken when integration occurred. We used the same A5 cell clones (#10 and 11) from the earlier the paper along with restriction endonuclease digestions, plus Southern hybridization, and PCR. Southern hybridization indicated that the luciferase cDNA was intact in the cloned cells. Results from Xho I and Sal I digestions showed that integration occurred in cloned cells. Southern hybridizations after Nco I digestion suggested that there was a break in both MoMLV elements, upstream and downstream of the luciferase cDNA. After DNA digestion with Not I, hybridization analyses indicated that the MoMLV upstream element was broken during integration. Digestion of genomic DNA with either Xba I/Kpn I, Bam HI/Sac I, or Bam HI/Nco I demonstrated that the MoMLV downstream element was also broken during integration. A PCR assay was unable to amplify the junctional region between the downstream MoMLV element and the adenoviral E2B gene, consistent with a break in that element. Although AdLTR-luc integration is atypical (Zheng et al., Nature Biotechnol, 2000), the present results suggest that both MoMLV elements have important roles in this event.
Non-Collision Singularities in the Planar Two-Center-Two-Body Problem

In this paper, we study a restricted four-body problem called the planar two-center-two-body problem. In the plane, we have two fixed centers Q 1 and Q 2 of masses 1, and two moving bodies Q 3 and Q 4 of masses $${\mu\ll 1}$$ . They interact via Newtonian potential. Q 3 is captured by Q 2, and Q 4 travels back and forth between two centers. Based on a model of Gerver, we prove that there is a Cantor set of initial conditions that lead to solutions of the Hamiltonian system whose velocities are accelerated to infinity within finite time avoiding all earlier collisions. This problem is a simplified model for the planar four-body problem case of the Painleve conjecture.
Kinetic Analysis of 3′-Deoxy-3′-Fluorothymidine PET Studies: Validation Studies in Patients with Lung Cancer

Assessing cellular proliferation provides a direct method to measure the in vivo growth of cancer. We evaluated the application of a model of 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) kinetics described in a companion report to the analysis of FLT PET image data in lung cancer patients. Compartmental model analysis was performed to estimate the overall flux constants (KFLT) for FLT phosphorylation in tumor, bone marrow, and muscle. Estimates of flux were compared with an in vitro assay of proliferation (Ki-67) applied to tissue derived from surgical resection. Compartmental modeling results were compared with simple model-independent methods of estimating FLT uptake. Methods: Seventeen patients with 18 tumor sites underwent up to 2 h of dynamic PET with blood sampling. Metabolite analysis of plasma samples corrected the total blood activity for labeled metabolites and provided the FLT model input function. A 2-compartment, 4-parameter model (4P) was tested and compared with a 2-compartment, 3-parameter (3P) model for estimating KFLT. Results: Bone marrow, a proliferative normal tissue, had the highest values of KFLT, whereas muscle, a nonproliferating tissue, showed the lowest values. The KFLT for tumors estimated by compartmental analysis had a fair correlation with estimates by modified graphical analysis (r = 0.86) and a poorer correlation with the average standardized uptake value (r = 0.62) in tumor. Estimates of KFLT derived from 60 min of dynamic PET data using the 3P model underestimated KFLT compared with 90 or 120 min of dynamic data analyzed using the 4P model. Comparison of flux estimates with an independent measure of cellular proliferation showed that KFLT was highly correlated with Ki-67 (Spearman ρ = 0.92, P
Growth of Oriented Gallium Nitride Films on Amorphous Substrates by Self Assembly

C-plane oriented thin films of gallium nitride (GaN) were grown on both amorphous quartz substrates and single crystalline c-sapphire substrates at sub-atmospheric pressures by exposing molten gallium thin films to electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave generated nitrogen plasma. Gallium nitride crystals nucleated from molten gallium and self-aligned with respect to each other due to the mobility of nitrogenated gallium and formed textured film directly on amorphous substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the orientation among crystals. Micro-Raman spectra exhibited a FWHM of 3 cm−1. Self-assembled, nanocrystalline GaN thin films were obtained when spin-coated gallium thin films (< 1 μm) on quartz substrates were nitrided.
Clustering analysis for graphs with multiweighted edges: a unified approach to the threshold problem

Multivalent relations, inferred as relationships with an added dimension of discernment, are realized as weighted graphs with multivalued edges. A unified treatment of the threshold problem is discussed and a reliability measure is produced to judge various partitions. © 1987 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selection or mutation: Which, if either, comes first?

Selection-induced mutations (SIMS) are mutations that occur as specific and direct responses to environmental challenges, and that occur more often when they are selectively advantageous than when they are selectively neutral. This review includes discussions of how the occurrence of SIMS is measured, acquisitive evolution by SIMS, some of the controversies surrounding SIMS and models that have been advanced to explain the specificity of SIMS, and the requirement of a functional recA gene product for SIMS to occur.
Main effects or transactions in the neuropsychology of conduct disorder? Commentary on “The neuropsychology of conduct disorder”

In this commentary, we (a) discuss logical and empirical limits on the transactional model in accounting for the etiology of any developmental psychopathology, including conduct disorder (CD), and (b) review evidence bearing on whether or not frontal lobe lesions can directly produce CD behavior. Logically, transactions can both decrease and increase phenotypic variance; moreover, there is a mathematical limit (50%) to the amount of variance for which they can account. Empirically, documenting a transactional effect requires (a) that we have unconfounded measures of a child's biotype and social environment, (b) that the biotype and social environment are correlated, and (c) that we have a design (such as an adoption design) that is capable of separating the contribution of this correlation to outcome variance from the main effects of either biotype or social environment considered separately. Given these limits, we should also look for main effects in the etiology of CD. We argue that early damage or dysfunction in the frontal lobes may be one such plausible main effect on CD.
Dehydration of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite as a function of time and temperature

Nonexchangeable polymers in interlayers of expansible phyUosilicates influence thermal de- hydration in ways not completely understood. Thermal dehydration of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) from Florida soils, for example, results in irreversible doo~ shifts. This study was conducted to characterize HIV dehydration as a function of time (t) and temperature (T), and to determine how reversibility of dehydration is affected by elevated T. Clay-sized HIV from 3 soils was heated incrementally and d-spacing shifts (Ad) were monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at low relative humidity (RH). Samples were then mounted on a metal heating strip in the XRD focal plane and scanned repeatedly at constant T levels to monitor hd with t. Finally, Ad in response to RH shifts from 85% was determined at 25"C and at elevated temperatures. Incremental heating revealed a Ad plateau roughly corresponding to the z dimension of hexameric octahedrally coordinated AL The initial slope of Ad-vs-t curves increased with T. The same maximum Ad reached at 200"C was reached at 160"C, but more slowly. All samples exhibited reversible and irreversible dehydration, the former being attributable to sites in equilibrium with external vapor and the latter to sites requiring heat for desorption. Reversible sites were not perturbed by moderate heating, but were apparently eliminated by polymer dehydroxytation. The dehydration behavior of HIV could be explained by steric resistance of water vapor diffusion within a tortuous interlayer polymeric network. Alternatively, new polymer/oxygen-surface bonds exceeding the hydration energy of interlayer components could form via heat-induced re-articulation of polymer/oxygen- surface bonds at smaller basal spacings.
The Representer Method, the Ensemble Kalman Filter and the Ensemble Kalman Smoother: A Comparison Study Using a Nonlinear Reduced Gravity Ocean Model

Abstract This paper compares contending advanced data assimilation algorithms using the same dynamical model and measurements. Assimilation experiments use the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) and the representer method involving a nonlinear model and synthetic measurements of a mesoscale eddy. Twin model experiments provide the “truth” and assimilated state. The difference between truth and assimilation state is a mispositioning of an eddy in the initial state affected by a temporal shift. The systems are constructed to represent the dynamics, error covariances and data density as similarly as possible, though because of the differing assumptions in the system derivations subtle differences do occur. The results reflect some of these differences in the tangent linear assumption made in the representer adjoint and the temporal covariance of the EnKF, which does not correct initial condition errors. These differences are assessed through the accuracy of each method as a function of measurement density. Results indicate that these methods are comparably accurate for sufficiently dense measurement networks; and each is able to correct the position of a purposefully misplaced mesoscale eddy. As measurement density is decreased, the EnKS and the representer method retain accuracy longer than the EnKF. While the representer method is more accurate than the sequential methods within the time period covered by the observations (particularly during the first part of the assimilation time), the representer method is less accurate during later times and during the forecast time period for sparse networks as the tangent linear assumption becomes less accurate. Furthermore, the representer method proves to be significantly more costly (2–4 times) than the EnKS and EnKF even with only a few outer iterations of the iterated indirect representer method.
Persistent Post-Traumatic Headache, Postconcussion Syndrome, and Whiplash Injuries: The Evidence for a Non-Traumatic Basis With an Historical Review

There has been intense controversy about postconcussion syndrome since Erichsen's publication in 1866 on railway brain and railway spine. The fascinating history of this debate will be reviewed and then the non-organic explanations for postconcussion syndrome, headaches after head injury, and chronic whiplash injuries and headaches will be explored including the following: psychogenic, psychosocial, sociocultural, base rate misattribution, chronic pain, compensation and litigation, and malingering.
Queer Economics: A Reader

Queer Economics: A Reader, edited by Joyce Jacobsen and Adam Zeller. New York: Routledge, 2008. 466 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-77169-6 (pbk.). US$65.00. Queer Economics: A Reader is an edited volume of...
Neurocognitive components of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems: implications for theories of self-regulation

We examined the neurocognitive correlates of the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) in an effort to clarify ambiguities concerning interpretations of BIS as reflecting inhibition versus avoidance. We hypothesized that self-reported BIS should relate to neural mechanisms associated with conflict monitoring, whereas self-reported BAS should be associated with neural correlates of approach motivation. Consistent with these predictions, higher self-reported BIS was uniquely related to the N2 event-related potential on No-Go trials of a Go/NoGo task, linking BIS with conflict monitoring and sensitivity to No-Go cues. Higher BAS was uniquely related to greater left-sided baseline frontal cortical asymmetry associated with approach orientation. Implications for theories of self-regulation involving conflict monitoring, cognitive control, and approach/avoidance motivation are discussed.
The PlusCal Algorithm Language

Algorithms are different from programs and should not be described with programming languages. The only simple alternative to programming languages has been pseudo-code. PlusCal is an algorithm language that can be used right now to replace pseudo-code, for both sequential and concurrent algorithms. It is based on the TLA + specification language, and a PlusCal algorithm is automatically translated to a TLA + specification that can be checked with the TLC model checker and reasoned about formally.
How Elementary Students Referred for Compensatory Reading Instruction Perform on School-Based Measures of Word Recognition, Fluency, and Comprehension.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine how elementary students referred for compensatory remedial reading services performed on several key reading process variables: total word recognition errors while reading brief passages, significant or meaning‐changing errors, comprehension, and reading rate. In order to maximize ecological validity, the students were assessed by the school‐based reading specialist/teacher using assessment materials normally used in diagnostic evaluations of students referred for compensatory reading instruction. Although performance across all variables was below instructional levels for students’ assigned grades, both word recognition variables and comprehension approached instructional levels. Reading rate alone was consistently and significantly below several previously identified standards of performance. We feel that poor performance in rate may be an indicator of fluency problems (including automaticity in word recognition and text phrasing). Suggestions for...
Managing the life cycle of plans

The scalability of recent planning algorithms allows developers to automate planning tasks, which so far have been reserved to humans. However in real-world applications, synthesizing a plan is just the beginning of a complex life-cycle management process. Plans must be organized in large collections, where they can be grouped along different purposes and are amenable to the search, inspection, evaluation, and modification by human experts or automated reasoning systems. Eventually, plans will outlast their utility and be replaced. We present our solution to plan life cycle management for an autonomic computing application. We focus in particular on the automatic synthesis of plan metadata for plans containing conditional and parallel actions, well-structured loops, and non-deterministic choices. The plans are of unknown origin, i.e., their underlying action model. which could provide us with pre- and postconditions, is not available. New analysis techniques are presented that uniformly generate metadata for plans, thus allowing a system to embed plans into context and organize them in meaningfully structured plan repositories.
Aldosterone regulates Na,K-ATPase and increases lung edema clearance in rats.

Aldosterone increases the Na,K-ATPase function in renal cells involved in active Na+ transport. Because the alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells participate in active Na+ transport, we studied whether aldosterone regulates the Na,K-ATPase in rat AT2 cells and whether aldosterone delivered by aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats affects edema clearance in a model of isolated-perfused lungs. The AT2 cells treated with aldosterone had increased Na,K-ATPase β 1-subunit mRNA and protein, which was associated with a 4-fold increase in the Na,K-ATPase hydrolytic activity and the ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake. In physiologic experiments, 24 h after aldosterone was delivered by aerosols to the rat air spaces, the active Na+ transport and lung edema clearance increased by ∼ 53% as compared with control rats and rats in which saline aerosols were delivered. The data suggest that increased active Na+ transport and lung edema clearance induced by aldosterone is probably due to Na,K-ATPase regulation in alveolar epithelial...
A New Lestodiplosine (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Preying on the Avocado Lace Bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Southern Florida

Abstract A species new to science, Tingidoletes praelonga Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was recently discovered preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Florida, USA. A new genus is described to receive the new species.
Onset of glomerular hypertension with aging precedes injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

The changes in renal hemodynamics that develop with aging in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were examined. Micropuncture studies revealed that glomerular capillary pressure was elevated in SHR at 9 mo of age compared with 3-mo-old SHR and 9-mo-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Glomerular hypertension developed because of a small increase in systemic blood pressure and a decline in preglomerular vascular resistance, allowing transmission of elevated systemic pressure to the glomerular capillaries. The hemodynamic alterations were not a compensatory response to injury, inasmuch as vascular and glomerular morphology were normal in 9-mo-old SHR. To determine the mechanism of these changes, the activity of several vasoactive systems was examined. Similar changes in renal hemodynamics were observed in young and old SHR after blockade of nitric oxide production and after intravenous administration of endothelin. However, ANG II produced a proportionally greater reduction in glomerular filtration rate than renal blood flow in older SHR. These data suggest that reduced endogenous activity of the renin-angiotensin system leads to glomerular hypertension in aging SHR. Late development of glomerular hypertension may contribute to the subsequent appearance of glomerular sclerosis and progressive renal failure in these rats.
Exposure assessment for electric and magnetic fields.

Exposure assessment for extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (EMF) is discussed. It is suggested that such assessments can be designed by attempting to mimic the receptor's experience of interest. Present efforts are, however, hampered by the lack of clearly defined human health effects, or even important interaction mechanisms, which might be used to define the appropriate exposure measure, the experience of interest. The state of the art of ELF EMF exposure assessment is described, including the use of surrogates, models, and available instrumentation. Data indicate that magnetic field levels in the home are of the order of 0.1 microT and that nonoccupational total exposures may best be predicted by levels in the bedroom. Occupational exposures may be orders of magnitude higher where high currents are present.51 references.
Transverse Anderson localization of light: a tutorial

This tutorial gives an overview of the transverse Anderson localization of light in one and two transverse dimensions. A pedagogical approach is followed throughout the presentation, where many aspects of localization are illustrated by means of a few simple models. The tutorial starts with some basic aspects of random matrix theory and light propagation through and reflection from a random stack of dielectric slabs. Transverse Anderson localization of light in one- and two-dimensional coupled waveguide arrays is subsequently established and discussed. Recent experimental observations of localization and image transport in disordered optical fibers are discussed. More advanced topics, such as hyper-transport in longitudinally varying disordered waveguides, the impact of nonlinearity, and propagation of partially coherent and quantum light, are also examined.
Probing the atomic interactions between proteins and carbohydrates.

In 1986 I wrote the first review article for the Annual Reviews of Biochemistry on the topic of ‘Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins: Tertiary Structures and Protein-Sugar Interactions’ [ 11. Since then, the sub-field of what I term ‘structural glycobiology’ has been burgeoning, as judged by the large increase in papers on the X-ray structures of proteins that bind carbohydrates [2] and on other related physical-chemical studies. Heightened interest is also clearly evident from the increased frequency of conferences and symposia (such as this one organized by the Hiochemical Society) and review articles (four others from this laboratory alone [2-5)). While the review articles appear to leave me little to write for this paper, nevertheless, there are topics resulting from recent studies in our laboratory and other facets of protein-carbohydrate interactions that I will discuss and highlight here. These topics have their roots largely in published papers [ 6-91,
Analysis on the results of HIV voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) in Dali city

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of AIDS counseling and testing volunteers and the condition of HIV infection in Dali,in order to facilitate the development of AIDS health education and rist intervention plans in a targeted population in Dali.Methods: Data collected from the clients who visited the AIDS VCT clinic under the District Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2008 were analyzed.Results: There were 1361 people seeking VCT services during the two-year period.13.44% were HIV positive.The HIV prevalence rate in 2007 and 2008 had no statistical significance.The 1361 counseling people were mainly young adults aged 20 to 40 years old,accounting for 64.95%.The male to female ratio was 1.27∶1.The HIV prevalence rate in the low eduated people was higher than in the high educated ones.The main reason for seeking VCT was sexual contact,extramarital intercourse in particular. Drug users had the highest HIV prevalence rate.Conclusion: HIV VCT is an effective way to get people to be aware of their sero-status and to implement effective prevention and care interventions for both HIV infected persons and AIDS patients.
Statistical Data Analyses of Trace Chemical, Biochemical, and Physical Analytical Signatures

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry measurement results are most meaningful when interpreted using rigorous statistical treatments of the data. The same data set may provide many dimensions of information depending on the questions asked through the applied statistical methods. Three principal projects illustrated the wealth of information gained through the application of statistical data analyses to diverse problems.
Behavior Mechanism 1: Brain, Memory and Thoughts

Human behaviors are undoubtedly dynamic, evolving, interactive and adaptive processes. These complex processes have a common denominator resulting from a common behavior mechanism. The mechanism depicts what triggers a specific behavior and illustrates how it works.
Sex-related differences in reactivity of cerebral arterioles during moderate exercise training.

Objective Our goals were to determine the influence of sex on reactivity of cerebral arterioles and whether MExT could influence sex-related differences in reactivity of cerebral arterioles. Materials and methods Responses of cerebral arterioles were measured in Sed and MExT adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to eNOS-dependent (ADP), nNOS-dependent (NMDA), and NOS-independent (nitroglycerin) agonists before and following L-NMMA. In addition, protein expression for eNOS and nNOS was determined. Results NOS-dependent vasodilation was enhanced in Sed and MExT female rats compared to their male counterparts. L-NMMA produced a greater decrease in baseline diameter of arterioles in females compared to males, and produced less inhibition of NOS-dependent vasodilation in females. Expression of eNOS protein was significantly increased in Sed female when compared to Sed male rats; nNOS protein was similar in Sed males and females, but increased in MExT females. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that while NOS-dependent vascular reactivity is increased in females, MExT does not alter vasodilation in males or females. These studies provide insights into the influence of sex and MExT on the cerebral microcirculation and may have implications regarding mechanisms that protect the brain in females compared to males.
Aspects of Statistical Radar Polarimetry

A comparison between the Kennaugh matrix and the covariance matrix formulation of second-order moment radar polarimetry reveals fundamental relationships between power and variance aspects of bi-static and mono-static radar scattering from randomly distributed targets.
In-silico pre-clinical trials for implantable cardioverter defibrillators

Regulatory authorities require that the safety and efficacy of a new high-risk medical device be proven in a Clinical Trial (CT), in which the effects of the device on a group of patients are compared to the effects of the current standard of care. Phase III trials can run for several years, cost millions of dollars, and expose patients to an unproven device. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use a large group of synthetic patients based on computer modeling to improve the planning of a CT so as to increase the chances of a successful trial for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). We developed a computer model of the electrical generation and propagation in the heart. This model was used to generate a large group of heart instances capable of producing episodes of 19 different arrhythmias. We also implemented two arrhythmia detection algorithms from the literature: Rhythm ID from Boston Scientific and PR Logic + Wavelet from Medtronic. Using this setup, we conducted multiple in-silico trials to compare the ability of the two algorithms to appropriately discriminate between potentially fatal Ventricular Tachy-arrhythmias (VT) and nonfatal Supra-Ventricular Tachy-arrhythmias (SVTs). The results of our in-silico trial indicate that Rhythm ID was less able to discriminate between SVT and VT and so may lead to more cases of inappropriate therapy. This corroborates the findings of the Rhythm ID Going Head to Head Trial (RIGHT), a clinical trial that compared the two algorithms in patients. We further demonstrated that the result continues to hold if we vary the distribution of arrhythmias in the synthetic population. We also used the same in-silico cohort to explore the sensitivity of the outcome to different parameter settings of the device algorithms, which is not feasible in a real clinical trial. In-silico trials can provide early insight into the factors which affect the outcome of a CT at a fraction of the cost and duration and without the ethical issues.
Exploring Gender Diversity in CS at a Large Public R1 Research University

With the number of Computer Science (CS) jobs on the rise, there is a greater need for Computer Science graduates than ever. At the same time, most CS departments across the country are only seeing 25-30% of female students in their classes, meaning that we are failing to draw interest from a large portion of the population. In this work, we explore the gender gap in CS at Rutgers University using three data sets that span thousands of students across 3.5 academic years. By combining these data sets, we can explore interesting issues such as retention, as students progress through the CS major. For example, we find that a large percentage of women taking the Introductory CS1 course for majors do not intend to major in CS, which contributes to a large increase in the gender gap immediately after CS1. This finding implies that a large part of the retention task is attracting these women to further explore the major. We correlate our findings with initiatives that some CS programs across the country have taken to significantly improve their gender diversity, and identify initiatives that we can start with in our effort to increase the diversity in our program. These findings may also be applicable to the computing programs at other large public research universities.
P16.25 Surgical resection and cellular proliferation predict prognosis for papillary glioneuronal tumor

Abstract Object: The World Health Organization classifies papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) as Grade I, however, several malignant cases have been reported. PGNT is a rare brain tumor that occurs in the white matter and affects young adults. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical characteristics of this unfamiliar entity. Methods: PubMed/NCBI was queried for patient-level reports of PGNT, resulting in 132 cases. Six additional cases treated at Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital were assessed for a total of 138. A Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of progression-free survival (PFS). Results: PGNT has a higher prevalence in males (1.4:1), and presents at age 27.1 ± 16.4 (SD). Presenting symptoms include headache (64%) and seizure (37.8%), with a mean duration of 13.3 months. Average radiological size is 4.3 cm. Common locations of occurrence were frontal (32.1%) and temporal (22.4%) lobes. Tumors were periventricular (48.2%, effacing), proximal to a ventricle (20%, <1.0 cm) and intraventricular (11.8%). They were commonly cystic/solid (39.8 percent). Tumors often demonstrated calcification (47.7%) and edema (45.5%). Enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous (32%) or ring pattern (25.2%). The average Ki-67 index of proliferation was 3.6, with six cases greater than 10. Treatment included gross-total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy or both. Five years post-treatment, PGNT had an 85.1 PFS rate (95% CI:75.2-91.2). In patients treated with surgery alone, PFS was higher after GTR compared to after STR (Mantel-Cox analysis, p<0.0001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that recurrence is nearly 10 times more likely after STR than after GTR (p<0.001). A Ki-67 index less than 5 percent resulted in a greater PFS than an index greater than 5 percent (p<0.001). Conclusion: PGNT is a benign tumor, but can present atypically as high-grade. GTR is the most common treatment, and cases can warrant radiation and chemotherapy. Maximal surgical resection and cellular proliferation are prognostic indicators for PGNT. This study represents the most comprehensive clinical understanding of this rare tumor. More research is needed to evaluate the diverse presentation of PGNT.
Reliable Integrated Photonic Light Sources Using Curved Al2O3:Er3+ Distributed Feedback Lasers

We propose a curved erbium doped aluminum oxide (Al2O3:Er3+) distributed feedback (DFB) laser for a reliable integrated photonics light source. The curved structure allows us for compensation of the radially varying film thickness due to the Al2O3:Er3+ deposition process. In a conventional straight DFB structure, we observe randomly distorted transmission responses and relatively higher threshold power even for an estimated 6 times lower threshold compared to the straight DFB laser.
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Recurrent Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a rare phenotype of cardiomyopathy associated with severe cardiac arrhythmia and thromboembolic complications. CASE PRESENTATION A 55-year-old woman presented with frank pulmonary edema and received a diagnosis of noncompaction cardiomyopathy. DISCUSSION Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is increasingly being diagnosed because of advances in imaging modalities. It is important to differentiate this new phenotype of cardiomyopathy from others because its diagnosis, management, and prognosis differ. We reviewed the literature and summarized the diagnostic criteria, associated complications, initial and long-term management, and the recommendation for family screening.
Bargaining Quality in Part-time Faculty Working Conditions: Beyond Just-In-Time Employment and Just-At-Will Non-Renewal

A recent Delphi Project (2013) revealed widespread agreement among scholars and practitioners that the current working conditions of part-time faculty undermine quality education (see also Kezar, 2012a). Ample empirical evidence suggests that key aspects of those working conditions compromise student outcomes (Eagan & Jaeger, 2009; Ehrenberg & Zhang, 2004; Jaeger & Hines, 2008; Umbach, 2007). Here, the focus is on “just-in-time” employment and “just-at-will” non-renewal practices with regard to parttime faculty, providing examples of contractual provisions that can get us beyond educationally bad employment practices.
Neuromodulation for non-urologic chronic pain

Neuromodulation, referring to the targeted electrical or pharmacological modification of nervous system activity, has a decades-long history in the development of unique treatment modalities for chronic pain syndromes. The interventional treatment of pain has gradually shifted from lesional (permanent) to neuromodulatory (reversible). Advances in neuromodulation technology have been most effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain, which is notoriously difficult to treat and refractory to conventional measures. Spinal cord stimulation is the best known and most widely used neuromodulatory treatment modality for chronic pain, although there is great interest in additional paradigms including peripheral nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, and intrathecal drug delivery. As these technologies have matured, the clinical indications have expanded and the technology has become more sophisticated. Accordingly, there exists a high-quality body of evidence to support the use of various neuromodulation devices, based off randomized control trials, prospective and retrospective series, and expert opinion. The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the most commonly-employed neuromodulation procedures in the treatment of chronic non-urologic pain. The historical origins of these technologies will be discussed alongside the current clinical indications and evidence.
Data Hiding in Text

Today, in the digital age, any type of data, such as text, images, and audio, can be digitized, stored indefinitely, and transmitted at high speeds. Notwithstanding these advantages, digital data also have a downside. They are easy to access illegally, tamper with, and copy for purposes of copyright violation.
The Value of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Determinations Before and after Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractWe evaluated serum prostate specific antigen before and after radical prostatectomy. In 100 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, preoperative prostate specific antigen levels tended to increase with the increasing severity of pathological stage. However, even at levels of greater than 10ng. per ml. the positive and negative predictive values (78 and 61 per cent, respectively) of prostate specific antigen to predict extracapsular disease were not sufficient to make this test useful alone for staging. In theory, after radical prostatectomy prostate specific antigen should be zero if no remaining prostatic tissue is present. Tests of precision and analytical sensitivity in our laboratory using a commercial prostate specific antigen assay revealed that a value of 0.4ng. per ml. or more is different from zero at a greater than 95 per cent confidence level. With this guideline we evaluated the meaning of prostate specific antigen levels 3 to 6 months after radical prostatectomy in 5...
Client profitability of diffusion segments across countries for multi-generational innovations: The influence of firm, market, and cross-national differences

There is scant research on the important managerial question of how to maximize returns on investments in either international business or international marketing literature. We propose and test a conceptual framework using data from a large technology manufacturer-service provider. Despite early adoption by innovators and early adopters, the early majority segment is most profitable. However, the late majority segment and the early adopters segment are the next most profitable in the developed and emerging countries, respectively. We propose a decision support framework incorporating cross-national distances on single-generation and multi-generation profitability for MNEs offering multi-generational products in multinational markets to be more profitable.
Pharmacological modification of immunoregulatory activity of lymphocytes: facts and potential.

The rapid expansion in our understanding of immunoregulatory mechanisms which has occurred during the last 5 years has largely been due to the delineation of lymphocyte subpopulations through the application of monoclonal antibody techniques. In man the OKT and Leu series of monoclonal antibodies have been most extensively used for the study of T-lymphocyte differentiation and identification of immunoregulatory lymphocyte subpopulations [1]. During intrathymic differentiation of T lymphocytes there is sequential appearance and disappearance of antigens upon thymocytes and maturing T cells giving rise to the notion that the antigens detected by the OKT and Leu monoclonal antibodies represent 'differentiation antigens' [2]. While most thymocytes express the T10, T6, T4 and T8 antigens on their surfaces, the TI0 and T6 antigens are lost during late intrathymic differentiation and the T3 'pan T-cell' antigen is expressed. Moreover, the T4 and T8 antigens segregate during late intrathymic maturation such that only mature T cells with the T3+T4+ or
Putting down the phone: the obsolescence of transtelephonic monitoring for pacemaker follow-up.

The evolution of heart rhythm monitoring technology over the past few decades has seen a decline in the use and need of transtelephonic monitoring (TTM). We sought to establish a predicted date for the sun setting of TTM at our institution, as well as establish the current demographics of the patients still using this technology. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with permanent pacemakers receiving routine device follow-up at our institution (Mayo Clinic—Rochester) between 2015 and 2018. From this cohort, we reviewed and analyzed patients using TTM for device follow-up and utilized projected battery longevity to determine cessation date. Pacemaker implantation date, underlying arrhythmia, and most recent device interrogation reports were also collected. As of March 2018, a total of 3543 patients with permanent pacemakers were being followed at our institution and 289 (8.2%) are using TTM for monitoring device function (147 male, mean age 79.9 ± 12.0 years). Of those currently using TTM, by January of 2020, only 122 (42.2%) are predicted to be using this technology for device follow-up, 40 (13.8%) by January 2022, with zero patients by November of 2024. The use of TTM will continue to significantly diminish over the next few years. Based on battery longevity estimates, we predict that by the end of 2024 TTM will no longer be used for device follow-up at our institution.
Contemporary Outcomes of Pediatric Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: A Single-Center Experience

Pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) has high mortality in historical cohorts, and traditional management often involves early referral for heart transplantation (HTx). This study sought to determine outcomes of pediatric RCM at a center that has favored medical management over early listing for HTx. All patients (N = 43) with pure RCM phenotype (RCM, N = 26) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with restrictive physiology (RCM/HCM, N = 17) managed at our center over a 15-year period were investigated. Outcomes of those listed for HTx (N = 18) were compared to a benchmark of contemporaneous pediatric RCM patients in the UNOS database (N = 377). Proportional hazards models were used to determine predictors of adverse outcomes. The mean age was 11 ± 9 years and 49% were male. 14 of 18 patients listed received HTx. Overall mortality (12%) was identical between the phenotypes; however, RCM patients were more likely to be listed (P = 0.001) and receive HTx (P = 0.02) compared to RCM/HCM. Prior to HTx, 60% had documented arrhythmia, 16% had cardiac arrest, and 7% required mechanical circulatory support. 4 of 17 patients with an ICD/PM received device therapies (four of five shocks appropriate for VT/VF, and two effective anti-tachycardia pacing interventions). Outcomes of those listed for HTx at our center were similar to the UNOS benchmark. In multivariate analysis, markers of congestive heart failure were associated with adverse outcomes. Heart failure and arrhythmia treatments can delay or possibly prevent the need for HTx in some cases of pediatric RCM. Survival post-HTx is not compromised using this approach.
Intraoperative Air Leak Test to Prevent Bile Leak After Right Posterior Sectionectomy with En Bloc Diaphragm Resection for Metastatic Teratoma

The intraoperative air cholangiogram, or “air leak test” (ALT), at the time of hepatectomy can significantly reduce the rates of bile leak and symptomatic fluid collection after high-risk procedures.1,2 Because a bile leak in the setting of an en bloc diaphragm resection and mesh reconstruction would be a particularly dreaded complication, this video shows the technique for resection, reconstruction, and ALT. The video presents the case of a 29-year-old woman who had metastatic teratoma with an 8 × 7-cm liver metastasis in segment 7 and diaphragm invasion to the level of the right hepatic vein. The authors performed a formal right posterior sectionectomy with en bloc diaphragm resection. The 12 × 8-cm diaphragmatic defect was reconstructed using biologic mesh (Surgimend, Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, NJ). An intraoperative ALT (air injection into the cystic duct with finger compression of the distal bile duct) identified several areas of bubbles from biliary radicles on the cut surface of the liver, which were ligated with 4-0 polypropylene. The ALT was repeated until no bubbles remained. Because no evidence of bubbles was observed, no surgical drain was needed. The patient did well postoperatively with no complications. In cases of combined liver and diaphragmatic resection, prevention of bile leak, with subsequent contamination of the diaphragm repair and even the thoracic cavity, is particularly vital. An easily replicated intraoperative air leak test can mitigate the risk of bile leak and organ-space infection, as well as associated sequelae on quality of life, return to intended oncologic therapy, and oncologic outcomes.
Glucosinolates and Organosulfur Compounds

Glucosinolates are compounds commonly found in plants of the Brassicaceae family. Many common edible plants, such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, and horseradish, are members of the Brassicaceae family, and the strong flavors of these plants correlate with high glucosinolate concentrations. Recent studies have found beneficial effects of glucosinolates, including regulatory functions in inflammation, stress response, phase I metabolism, antioxidant activities, and direct antimicrobial properties. Future studies will no doubt find more benefits of these chemicals. However, feeding rations high in brassicae to livestock is likely to have adverse effects, some life-threatening, and may add unwanted flavors to animal products. The high sulfur content of many brassicas can cause trace mineral deficiencies and polioencephalomalacia. Therefore, while Brassicaceae-derived feeds can be a good source of nutrition, it’s best to avoid overusing them.