cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Needed: a knowledge translation skill set.

Congratulations to the Cochrane Collaboration for twenty years of producing high quality systematic reviews focused on the effects of health care interventions. Although believed to be by some, predominantly for the medical professions, the Cochrane Library contains information for a variety of health care professions. Mistiaen et al. (2004) and Geurden et al. (2012) reviewed the contents of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2002 to identify nursing interventions and from 1996 to 2009 to identify nursing related activities (i.e. care, prevention, education, clinical) respectively. Of the 150 systematic reviews examined, Mistiaen et al. (2004) concluded that 60% contained no evidence to guide practice. Geurden et al. (2012) goal was to explore the relevance of the reviews to nursing and found that 21% were of direct interest to nurses. Although small in number, the results of these two studies show that systematic reviews related to nursing can be found in the Cochrane Library. In 2009, the Cochrane Nursing Care Field (CNCF) was officially registered with the Cochrane Collaboration. The core functions of the Nursing Care Field are to support Cochrane Review Groups in the preparation of reviews relevant to nursing, to enhance the dissemination and use of Cochrane reviews, and to promote perspectives relevant to those providingnursingcare.Therearenomembershipfeesandanyone withaninterest in nursing care can join. Additional information about the CNCF can be found at http://cncf.cochrane.org/. It is anticipated that through the Field, an increased number of systematic reviews related to nursing will be produced. Although the Cochrane Library is widely known and respected in nursing and the number of systematic reviews related to nursing care in the Library is increasing, nurses' still lack the necessary skills to understand the results of research and how to then translate and implement these results into practice. There are numerous articles citing nurses' lack of knowledge about systematic reviews, lack of critical appraisal skills, and minimal or no use of research results. In addition, Grimshaw et al. (2012) concluded that in order to have successful knowledge translation, the nurse must be able to analyze and consider the stakeholders' views, analyze the organizational infrastructure, and perform an assessment of the likely barriers and facilitators. Nurse educators can play an important role in developing this skill set by educating students on the process of systematic review, comprehension of the results of systematic reviews and strategies to translate and implement this evidence into practice. A review of the articles pub
Flucytosine and false elevation of serum creatinine level.

Excerpt To the editor: It has recently come to our attention that flucytosine can produce a falsely elevated serum creatinine. A 63-year-old white man had been treated with steroids for a blood dys...
Chronic haloperidol treatment increased calcium-dependent phosphorylation in rat striatum

Abstract In previous studies, we observed that when rats were chronically treated with haloperidol, there was a significant increase of calmodulin activity in their striatal membranes. Calmodulin is knwon to modulate calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in neural membranes. In the present study, we found that the total 32 P-incorporation in the striatal proteins from chronic haloperidol-treated rats was significantly increased in comparison to saline-treated rats. A majority of the phosphorylation was attributed to the calcium-mediated activity, since it could be blocked by a calcium chelating agent (EGTA). By using EGTA to inhibit phosphorylation, the results indicated that the haloperidol-treated rats had approximately 3.5-fold greater Ca ++ -dependent protein kinase activity than the saline-treated rats. Exogenous calcium alone was insufficient to stimulate phosphorylation in the haloperidol-treated rats to the same magnitude as in the saline-treated rats. Calmodulin may be required. 32 P-incorporation of two striatal proteins at molecular weight 40 and 52 kilodaltons were markedly stimulated by calcium. Cyclic AMP-mediated phosphorylation seemed to take only a small part in the alteration of total phosphorylation. Therefore, the increase of calmodulin activity and calcium-dependent phosphorylation appears to play a major role in the drug-induced dopamine receptor supersensitivity in rat striatum.
Bush medicine in the Exumas and long island, bahamas a field study

Reports from native informants backed with voucher plant specimens were obtained in a 1969–1970 field study on the Bahama islands of Great Exuma, Little Exuma and Long Island. Over 130 plant species of some 60 families are used within this culture for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. Pertinent background material and personal observations during field work indicated that knowledge of “bush medicine” is fading. The information recorded includes common names of each medicinal plant, uses, and preparations. A systematic list cross-referenced with common names is provided.
Functional epileptic network in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy detected using resting fMRI

The purpose of this study was to determine transient functional signal activity in a small, homogeneous group of left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, without the use of EEG; and to use one of these activated regions to identify a possible epileptogenic network across the whole brain in this group. Resting functional MRI scanning was performed on five left TLE patients who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy resulting in seizure control and 10 healthy control subjects. Activation maps of functional signal peaks were calculated using a data-driven analysis, 2dTCA, across the group of patients. In addition to the expected region of activation in the left anterior hippocampus, the results of the 2dTCA analysis revealed activity in the bilateral insular cortex and default-mode network which are not commonly reported using fMRI, but are supported by other electrical and functional changes. The region of activation corresponding to the anterior hippocampal region of resection (presumably the epileptogenic region) was used as a seed region for fMRI functional connectivity analysis. This revealed increased negative connectivity in the patients as compared to controls across a network including thalamic, brainstem, frontal and parietal regions consistent with theories of inhibited function in subcortical and cortical structures during ictal propagation.
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Hand

A series of fifty one lesions arising in the hand is reviewed. Fifty nine per cent of the lesions arose from the joints of the hand which are also frequently the site of degenerative changes. Twenty five per cent of available radiographs also showed such changes. The aetiology and diagnosis of this condition, the treatment and the results are discussed.
The Orr-sommerfeld equation on infinite intervals

Numerical and asymptotic methods have been developed the last several years to solve the Orr–Sommerfeld (OS) stability equation for boundary layers and other unbounded domain flows. These are surveyed and some of the abstract mathematical questions they raise are mentioned.There has been a conventional wisdom among fluid dynamicists that it has not been “proved” that the eigenvalues of the OS equations are complete on an unbounded domain. There is something to this, since without the continuous spectrum, which occurs for boundary layer flows, the eigenvalues are not complete. However, much has been proved concerning the nature of the spectrum and the expansion properties of the generalized eigenfunctions. The results of Miklavcic and Williams, and of Bakenko and Herron, form the core of the survey.
Compression of the trachea by the innominate artery in a 2-month-old child.

SUMMARY. We utilized improved methods for assessing airway structure and function to define the clinical significance of the innominate artery syndrome. Both infant pulmonary function tests (IPFT) and noninvasive controlled ventilation computed tomography (CVCT) were used, along with traditional diagnostic techniques in a 2-month-old child with compression of the trachea by the innominate artery. These tests provided objective documentation of functional impairment before surgery and improvement postoperatively. These tests should aid in the understanding of this controversial syndrome and help to further define treatment options.
Ultrasonic speeds and isentropic compressibilities of each of the mixtures: (2-ethylbutan-1-ol+an isomer of hexane) at 298.15 K

Abstract Ultrasonic speeds were determined for each of the five mixtures: (2-ethylbutan-1-ol + an isomer of hexane). Measurements were made over the whole mole-fraction range with particular attention given to the region of high dilution with respect to the alcohol. The results were combined with previously reported excess molar volumes to obtain isentropic compressibilities and values of the excess molar quantity K S,m E = −(∂V m E ∂p) S .
Application of High Temperature Infrared Emission Spectroscopy to Molten Salts

The potential of using ir emission spectroscopy for obtaining vibrational frequencies of molten NaNO3, KNO3, and CsNO3 near 600°C was examined. A double beam technique was used to obtain emission bands at frequencies that corresponded to the fundamental vibrations of the nitrate ion. A single beam technique was used to determine absorption coefficients near the ν2 frequency, 828 cm−1, of the nitrate ion. These analyses are based on derived emittance equations, which incorporate the container contribution to the total radiated energy. Emission spectra of the LiCl–KCl eutectic at 550°C, and a silica-alumina glass at 600°C are also presented.
Trypanosome infection establishment in the tsetse fly gut is influenced by microbiome-regulated host immune barriers.

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) vector pathogenic African trypanosomes, which cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in domesticated animals. Additionally, tsetse harbors 3 maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that modulate their host's physiology. Tsetse is highly resistant to infection with trypanosomes, and this phenotype depends on multiple physiological factors at the time of challenge. These factors include host age, density of maternally-derived trypanolytic effector molecules present in the gut, and symbiont status during development. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that result in tsetse's resistance to trypanosomes. We found that following parasite challenge, young susceptible tsetse present a highly attenuated immune response. In contrast, mature refractory flies express higher levels of genes associated with humoral (attacin and pgrp-lb) and epithelial (inducible nitric oxide synthase and dual oxidase) immunity. Additionally, we discovered that tsetse must harbor its endogenous microbiome during intrauterine larval development in order to present a parasite refractory phenotype during adulthood. Interestingly, mature aposymbiotic flies (GmmApo) present a strong immune response earlier in the infection process than do WT flies that harbor symbiotic bacteria throughout their entire lifecycle. However, this early response fails to confer significant resistance to trypanosomes. GmmApo adults present a structurally compromised peritrophic matrix (PM), which lines the fly midgut and serves as a physical barrier that separates luminal contents from immune responsive epithelial cells. We propose that the early immune response we observe in GmmApo flies following parasite challenge results from the premature exposure of gut epithelia to parasite-derived immunogens in the absence of a robust PM. Thus, tsetse's PM appears to regulate the timing of host immune induction following parasite challenge. Our results document a novel finding, which is the existence of a positive correlation between tsetse's larval microbiome and the integrity of the emerging adult PM gut immune barrier.
Performance Metrics for it Human Resource Alignment

Abstract The objective of this article is to present some of the issues involved in designing performance metrics to better align the IT organization with the business. It begins with a high-level goal alignment framework. Then some guidelines for selecting what to measure, and how to measure, are presented. A case example is then used to demonstrate some practices in detail. the article concludes with a short discussion of best practices and ongoing challenges.
Congenital recessive ichthyosis unlinked to loci for epidermal transglutaminases

Congenital recessive ichthyosis has a broad range of clinical presentations, which may be considered a spectrum of phenotypes with classic lamellar ichthyosis at one pole and classic congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma at the other. The identification of mutations in the transglutaminase-1 gene as a cause of lamellar ichthyosis implicates transglutaminase-1 in other congenital recessive ichthyoses. We investigated two multiplex families with clinical manifestations between the two poles for linkage to the transglutaminase-1 locus on thromesome 14. Strongly negative lod scores prompted a search for linkage to two other epidermally expressed transglutaminases, transglutaminase-2 and transglutaminase-3, on chromosome 20. No evidence for linkage was found. These data confirm the hypothesis that the congenital recessive ichthyoses are genetically heterogeneous and in two families exclude two other transglutaminases that could be considered as candidate loci for at least some of the nonlamellar recessive ichthyoses.
DRUG-PLASMA BINDING MEASURED BY SEPHADEX*

A method is described using the cross-linked dextran gel, Sephadex, for the study of drug binding. Although not quantitative in terms of per cent bound, this method gives an indication of the comparative strength of binding. The usefulness of this method in the separation of compounds with different plasma binding characteristics is suggested.
A simple training procedure for improving Bender-Gestalt performance.

To derermine whether the performance of kindergarten children who score poorly on the Bender-Gestalt could be improved by training, protocols of 32 children from the kindergarten of a Chicago publi...
Folding Kinetics of IkB: Excursions Through the Energy Landscape

The IkB proteins, inhibitors of the transcription factor NF-kB, are comprised of tandem repeats of a conserved primary structure. The tandem repeats are stabilized as a repeated tertiary structural motif, at least when complexed with NF-kB and DNA. Structural fluctuations in the native state deviate substantially from a simple repeating pattern, as reported by site-resolved hydrogen exchange rates, NMR chemical shifts and relaxation parameters, and energetically frustrated intraprotein contacts.Here we have studied the folding of the first four ankyrin repeats of human IkB-alpha and -beta, using coarse-grained structural models to extensively simulate dynamics under structurally-parameterized Hamiltonians. The folding reaction coordinate was sampled with biasing potentials and the free energy as a function of the reaction coordinate was calculated with weighted histogram analysis. The trajectories were used to assign the thermodynamic changes between substates in the folding mechanism. Kinetic models connecting the folding substates were used to predict experimentally known (un)folding rates.
Information literacy program for student athletes at The University of Iowa

Abstract This article describes the goals, content, and history of a program in The University of Iowa Libraries for teaching library and information literacy skills to incoming men and women student athletes. The program employs interactive instructional methods with a strong emphasis on developing skills both for finding and for evaluating information sources. The article traces the evolution and goals of the program, describes current efforts, and provides an assessment of the value of the librarians' work with student athletes.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIRECT-INTERACTION MODEL FOR NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

Several developments in techique of scattering theory have made it possible to put the direct-interaction model into a quantitative form. This quantitative form is discussed. The possibility of using nuclear interaction to learn something about the forces between nucleons and strange particles is explored. (W.D.M.)
Laser modification to an x-ray collimator: an aid in positioning patients for neurosurgical and radiographic procedures.

In high‐ambient‐light levels such as are found in operating rooms, and at long target‐to‐patient distances, the cross lines and light field projected from conventional x‐ray collimators are not easily visible and proper patient positioning is difficult. The collimators on two mutually perpendicular x‐ray units have been modified by replacing the incandescent bulbs with lasers and adjusting the lasers to be coaxial with the x‐ray beams. These modifications have been coupled with a third wall‐mounted laser to facilitate patient positioning for stereotaxic thermal hypophysectomy. The use of the laser‐modified collimators has resulted in considerable saving of time for the operating team and has markedly reduced patient anesthesia time. The laser‐modified collimator has also been found useful in positioning patients for other radiographic procedures in the operating room and has virtually eliminated retakes due to malpositioning.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication prior to Reverse Transcription by Influenza Virus Stimulation

It is now recognized that, in addition to drug-mediated therapies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the immune system can exert antiviral effects via CD8+ T-cell-generated anti-HIV factors. This study demonstrates that (i) supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with influenza A virus inhibit replication of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates prior to reverse transcription; (ii) the HIV-suppressive supernatants can be generated by CD4- or CD8-depleted PBMC; (iii) this anti-HIV activity is partially due to alpha interferon (IFN-α), but not to IFN-γ, IFN-β, the β-chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES, or interleukin-16; (iv) the anti-HIV activity is generated equally well by PBMC cultured with either infectious or UV-inactivated influenza A virus; and (v) the antiviral activity can be generated by influenza A-stimulated PBMC from HIV-infected individuals. These findings represent a novel mechanism for inhibition of HIV-1 replication that differs from the previously described CD8 anti-HIV factors (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and CD8 antiviral factor).
Do precapillary sphincters respond to vasoactive substances in an all-or-none manner?

SummaryPrecapillary sphincters are currently thought by most investigators to completely close or open in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. In vivo experiments, using the rat mesentery and a high magnification (up to X6500) image-splitting television microscope recording system, were designed to test this hypothesis. The results clearly, and quantitatively, demonstrate that precapillary sphincters, at least in rat mesentery, do not respond (i.e., constrict or dilate) to vasoactive substances in an all-or-none manner but in a dose-dependent, graded fashion.
Validity Studies of the Filial Anxiety Scale

Factor analytic and construct validity studies were conducted to explore the validity of Cicirelli's (1988) 13-item Filial Anxiety Scale (FAS). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960), were a part of the investigation. The results offer support for the validity of the FAS subscales and the FAS' usefulness as an instrument for measuring adult children's feelings concerning elder-parent care.
Effective two-body interaction in Coulomb Fermi liquids

A simple expression for the effective two-body interaction in a Fermi liquid whose constituents interact via a Coulomb force is derived on the basis of a diagrammatic analysis. The interaction, which is spin dependent, is expressed in terms of the local-field factors and the Lindhard polarizability. It includes the contribution of density fluctuations and spin fluctuations, both longitudinal and transverse. A comparison with other interactions known in the literature is made. A generalization to the two-component Coulomb Fermi liquid is also given. An interesting application concerning the possibility of superconductivity in an electron-hole liquid is pointed out.
Effect of fluid film wave bearings on attenuation of gear mesh noise and vibration

Abstract The attenuation of the gear mesh noise/vibration by fluid film wave bearings relative to rolling element bearings was experimentally investigated. Tests were performed on a gearbox that can accommodate both rolling element bearings and wave bearings. It was found that at specific speeds and torques, the wave bearings could significantly reduce the noise/vibration compared to rolling element bearings. Because the gear noise is accompanied by noise from other sources, a method was developed to extract from the original signal only the mesh harmonic components. The wave bearing dynamic coefficients were also predicted. It was found that adjusting the wave bearing parameters could considerably increase the capacity of the wave bearings to attenuate the gear mesh noise and vibration.
Optical Transfer Properties of Fiber Bundles

The point spread function of a static fiber bundle is not spatially invariant, and the system cannot therefore be strictly characterized by an optical transfer function. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that, in the case of circular fibers of diameter d, the modulation of the image of an object varies with the position of the fiber bundle and lies between two extreme values which become closer together as the spatial frequency decreases. Thus, for sufficiently low frequencies (of the order 1/8d), an optical transfer function can be used. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory. A randomly vibrating bundle is found to have a spatially invariant point spread function and can therefore be characterized by an optical transfer function.
The development of organized visual search

Visual search plays an important role in guiding behavior. Children have more difficulty performing conjunction search tasks than adults. The present research evaluates whether developmental differences in children's ability to organize serial visual search (i.e., search organization skills) contribute to performance limitations in a typical conjunction search task. We evaluated 134 children between the ages of 2 and 17 on separate tasks measuring search for targets defined by a conjunction of features or by distinct features. Our results demonstrated that children organize their visual search better as they get older. As children's skills at organizing visual search improve they become more accurate at locating targets with conjunction of features amongst distractors, but not for targets with distinct features. Developmental limitations in children's abilities to organize their visual search of the environment are an important component of poor conjunction search in young children. In addition, our findings provide preliminary evidence that, like other visuospatial tasks, exposure to reading may influence children's spatial orientation to the visual environment when performing a visual search.
Success and shortcomings of a clinical care pathway in the management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Success and Shortcomings of a Clinical Care Pathway in the Management of Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
The material practices of collaboration

Drawing on a three-month bookbinding apprenticeship, this paper examines how people's coordination work is tightly bound up in material practices, the union of material arrangements and social relations. Through the construction of a book, I reveal how sensitivities to delicacy, flexibility and delay emerge through detailed engagements with the book, the binders and the workshop environment. From small adjustments of the hand, to the coordination and exchange of materials and tools, the accomplishment of each task rests on how digital and age-old resources are woven into everyday collaborative practice. This approach extends how computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) frames and mobilizes the material to recognize materials as compositional elements, surfaces and flows. It also contributes to conversations on digital materiality by emphasizing the temporality of material practice. Thus, I use the bookbinding workshop as a resource for understanding the ways materials, techniques, and relationships are continually rebound in a digital age.
Functional Implications of Alternative Splicing in the Calcium-Activated BK Channel in the Ampulla of Lorenzini of the Skate

Ca-activated K channels were first described in the skate Ampulla of Lorenzini, which has excitable receptor cells. The electroreceptor epithelium generates action potentials (up to 70 mV) which don't repolarize unless calcium enters across the apical membranes of the receptor cells. We have recently cloned and sequenced the alpha-subunit of the BK channel of the skate in late-stage embryos and then in adult ampullae. Sequencing of embryos was accomplished using transcriptome m-RNA and then genomic DNA. Millions of short reads were assembled by alignment with an isoform of the human BK channel. The human isoform had regions of nucleotides that were excluded to get correct alignment with the skate sequences. The skate embryo alpha-BK gene was used to make PCR primers for amplification of cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA from about 100 adult ampullae. Amplified cDNA of appropriate length was then cloned into E.Coli with PCR2 vector (Invitrogen). The skate embryos and ampullae have a 1114 (vs. 1118) amino acid polypeptide that begins with MEVP and may be preceded by 33 additional AA's. The ampulla sequence had 100% coverage of the embryo alpha subunit and was 96.7% homologous at the amino acid level. There are 7 alternative splicing sites in the alpha-subunit. Most non-homology of ampulla BK channels vs. skate embryos was at these sites. Seven separate point mutations were also found. The calcium-activated channel in the ampulla appears to be voltage-insensitive, in contrast to previously sequenced BK channels. The voltage sensor is normal in ampullae, but changes at other sites could produce voltage-insensitivity.
Pathophysiology of staphylococcal enterotoxin, Type B, (SEB) toxemia after intravenous administration to monkeys☆

Abstract Type B staphylococcal enterotoxin (SEB) is a single-chain protein of known amino acid composition and sequence. In highly purified form, SEB given orally to rhesus monkeys caused non-lethal illness characteristic of staphylococcal food poisoning. In contrast, after its intravenous administration, SEB produced fever and leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, and shock. Shock developed through pathophysiologic mechanisms generally similar to those which accompanied bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxemia, i.e. a pooling of blood in peripheral capillaries. After its intravenous administration, purified SEB disappeared rapidly from plasma. A major portion of the toxin was cleared by the kidneys, accumulating within proximal tubular cells. SEB toxemia could be prevented by prior administration of specific antitoxin, or treated after its onset by antitoxin. The purified SEB also produced in vitro effects on single cells which included: (a) induction of mitosis in lymphocytes, (b) generation of a chemotactic factor for neutrophiles, (c) inhibition of macrophage migration, (d) cytotoxicity in selected tissue cultures, and (e) induction of mitochondrial swelling in hepatocytes. Each of these effects of SEB on single cells was blocked by the inclusion of antitoxin in the reaction media. Although the primary site of SEB toxicity remains unknown, vascular endothelial cells may be a primary target.
ZEBRAFISH: A NOVEL SYSTEM TO STUDY KIDNEY DISEASE

![Figure][1] Acute renal failure is a serious disease with high mortality rates that have not dropped over the past 40 years. This lack of advancement reflects the struggle to find a suitable model system to study the disease; current mammalian models used to study acute renal failure have
Intraply crack and delamination interaction in laminate beams under transverse loading

Abstract Intraply cracking and delamination are the basic modes of damage in composite laminates and their interaction constitutes an important phase in damage development. Such an interaction is investigated in the present work through a two-dimensional finite element analysis of a three-point bending beam model. This configuration is considered to embody the basic characteristics of lowenergy transverse impact of composite laminates, where damage is a major concern. Interleaves are incorporated in the model to evaluate their role in the damage process. The stacking sequence used is [0/A/90/A/0] (‘A’ denotes an interleaf), and an intraply crack at 45° to the loading line is assumed in the central 90° ply. The damage process is simulated by specifying the delamination growth at the tips of the intraply crack along the beam axis direction. Stress fields and the strain energy release rates are evaluated at different stages of the delamination growth. The results show that before any delamination takes place, there is a significant transverse normal stress concentration at the tips of the intraply crack. Consequently, there is a strong involvement of mode I component of fracture at this stage. However, with the growth of the delamination, a rapid transition occurs in which the transverse normal stress and its corresponding mode I delamination driving force decrease dramatically relative to their shear counterparts. The entire damage process is therefore summarized as primarily a mode II delamination fracture dominated event preceded by a very limited period of mode I driven fracture at the initiation of the delamination by the intraply crack. The results also indicate that soft interleaves do not alleviate the fracture driving forces at the delamination front. It follows that the interleaf technology relies almost entirely on the toughness of the interleaves.
Roentgenographic contrast agents inhibit triiodothyronine binding to nuclear receptors in vitro.

The ability of roentgenographic contrast agents to inhibit binding of [125I]T3 to nuclear receptors was studied during incubation of rat liver nuclei or nuclear extracts in vitro and after ip administration of the agents in vivo. Ipodate, iodipamide, iopanoic acid, and diatrizoate inhibited binding of [l25I]T3 in vitro. The most potent inhibitor was ipodate, which produced 50‰ inhibition of binding at 1.2 X 104 M. When given orally in acute in vivo experiments, ipodate did not diminish binding to liver nuclear receptors. Ipodate appeared to inhibit in vivo metabolism of [125I]T3.
Comparison of the Highly Reflective Cloud and Outgoing Longwave Radiation Datasets for Use in Estimating Tropical Deep Convection.

Two currently existing long-term satellite-derived data sets (the Highly Reflective Cloud (HRC) and the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data sets) were compared for the accuracy in estimating tropical deep convection, in terms of their climatological and frequency-dependent characteristics, their consistency in identifying deep tropical convection, and their relationship to local sea surface temperature (SST). The results reveal some important differences between the HRC and OLR data sets in terms of their temporal and spatial scales of variability, their relationships to other geophysical fields, and the logistics of their use. It was found that, for many applications, the HRC data set represents the characteristics of the cloud cluster-scale tropical convection more accurately than the OLR data set.
Spin reorientation and magnetoelastic coupling in Tb6Fe1−xCoxBi2 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375) alloy system

Abstract Tb 6 FeBi 2 adopts a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure and orders ferromagnetically at T C1 = 250 K with an additional magnetic transition at T C2 = 60 K. The low temperature magnetoelastic response in this material is strong, and is enhanced by cobalt substitution. Here, the temperature dependence of the atomic and magnetic structure of Tb 6 Fe 1 − x Co x Bi 2 ( x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375) is reported from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder neutron diffraction (PND) measurements. Below the Neel temperature a ferrimagnetic ordering between the terbium and iron moments exists in all compounds studied. Related to the enhanced magnetostructural response, the Co-doped compounds undergo a crystallographic phase transition below about 60 K. This transition also involves a canting of the magnetic moments away from the c -axis. The structural transition is sluggish and not fully completed in the parent Tb 6 FeBi 2 compound, where a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal phases is identified below 60 K. The spin reorientation transition is discussed in terms of competing exchange interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropies of the two Tb sites and Fe/Co sublattices.
The forward premium anomaly and the trend behavior of the exchange rates

Abstract It is found that the forward premium and the change in the spot exchange rate have rather different time series properties and trend behavior. This study shows that the reported finding of the forward premium anomaly may partially stem from the underspecification of deterministic variables in the model. The results of the study appear to be consistent with the peso-problem proposition of interpreting the forward premium anomaly.
Accelerated Mission Testing of Gas Turbine Engines

Commercial and military aircraft engines are designed to meet specific usage requirements. In the past, verification of these designs was based on the successful completion of a "model" endurance test. The "model" test was a yardstick-type test and was not specifically designed to simulate actual usage. Flight experience has shown that this type of qualification testing is not representative of real usage. Today, new development engines are being tested to accelerated mission test cycles. These test cycles are designed to include all significant engine excursions and time at high power conditions in a representative fashion. The philosophy and methodology of mission-related testing of gas turbine engines are presented.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Global Labor Force Exchange in the Chinese American Population, 1880–1940

Despite a once-conspicuous presence in the Western United States, little is known demo-graphically about the Chinese in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in the United States. The widely accepted model of a declining male “sojourner society,” beset by draconian restrictions on immigration and the impossibility of family formation, is seemingly contradicted by the continuous economic vitality of urban Chinatowns in the United States. This article tests the largely unexamined demographic structure of the Chinese population in the United States through the application of cohort-component projection on census data from 1880 through 1940, including data recently made available as part of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS). The results fail to support the model of passive population decline, suggesting instead that the Chinese actively engaged in a collective strategy of long-distance labor exchange to maximize economic productivity among Chinese workers in the United States.
Sleep as an adaptive response.

It is proposed that sleep is adaptive non-responding and that the sleep characteristics of particular species reflect the adaptive requirements for non-responding in the ecological niche of species...
Thrombin-induced VEGF expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of thrombin and thrombin in combination with other proangiogenic factors on VEGF expression in hRPE cells.
Toward a conceptualization of mail survey response behavior

A conceptual framework for understanding and researching mail survey response behavior is proposed and developed around the constructs of cooperation, trust, and commitment. Survey response is viewed as the cooperative exchange of information by respondents in return for an opportunity to shape their environment. Issues related to the valuation of the survey exchange process are examined within the proposed framework. Current survey inducement techniques are evaluated in terms of their relationship to the three central constructs and their effects on the decision to participate in a mail survey. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The role of emotion in psychotherapy supervision: A contextual behavioral analysis

While much has been written regarding the importance of emotional expression in psychotherapy, much less attention has been paid to the role of emotion in clinical supervision. Recently, several radical behavioral psychotherapies have been developed that may shed light on theoretical issues important to the expression of emotion in supervision. This paper describes the theoretical viewpoints of two such contextual therapies, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and applies the frameworks of these therapies to the process of clinical supervision.
Numerical Investigations of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Its Implications for Pacific Climate Variability

AbstractNorth Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) is an essential feature of the North Pacific subtropical gyre imparting significant influence on regional SST evolution on seasonal and longer time scales and, as such, is an important component of basin-scale North Pacific climate variability. This study examines the seasonal-to-interannual variability of NPSTMW, the physical processes responsible for this variability, and the connections between NPSTMW and basin-scale climate signals using an eddy-permitting 1979–2006 ocean simulation made available by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2). The monthly mean seasonal cycle of NPSTMW in the simulation exhibits three distinct phases: (i) formation during November–March, (ii) isolation during March–June, and (iii) dissipation during June–November—each corresponding to significant changes in upper-ocean structure. An interannual signal is also evident in NPSTMW volume and other characteristic properties with volume mini...
Teaching Business Ethics: Targeted Outputs

Business ethics is once again a hot topic as examples of improper business practices that violate commonly accepted ethical norms are brought to our attention. With the increasing number of scandals business schools find themselves on the defensive in explaining what they are doing to help respond to the call to teach ‘‘more’’ business ethics. This paper focuses on two issues germane to business ethics teaching efforts: the ‘‘targeted output’’ goals of teaching business ethics and when in the curriculum business ethics should be taught.
Female role in sperm storage in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

This study clarifies the role of female-controlled processes contributing to sperm storage in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Evidence presented indicates that sperm motility is not affected by extreme hypoxia produced by anesthetization of the female with either carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Sperm location and motility in low-oxygen environments did not differ from that of sperm in reproductive tracts immersed in fully aerated saline. Sperm motility was unaffected by exposure to potassium cyanide, an aerobic respiratory system poison, but was inhibited by exposure to iodoacetic acid, a glycolysis poison. Based on the retention of sperm motility under extreme hypoxia, female control over sperm storage was then examined. Both anesthetized females and dead females had fewer stored sperm after mating than unanesthetized control females. These results suggest that female T. castaneum play an active role in moving sperm from the site of deposition into storage. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
On the synthesis of oblique ray-path parameters for a quasi-parabolic ionospheric layer

Exact algebraic expressions available for the oblique-ray path parameters of a quasi-parabolic ionospheric layer are used to present a systematic procedure for the synthesis of oblique ionograms for the layer.
The Study of Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation

With the development of modern industry, more and more semiconductor-based devices have been used widely. Such equipment presents nonlinear impedance to the utility, generating large harmonic currents with well known adverse effects, such as low power factor, low efficiency and destruction of other equipment. Also, some precision instruments and communication equipment will be interfered. Therefore, utility power quality has become an important issue recently. This paper presents a hybrid active filter including two functions: current harmonic detection and reactive power compensation. The current harmonic detection is based on. The reactive power compensation utilizes the measured voltage and the estimated fundamental current to calculate reactive power. After the above information has been calculated, the corrective current reference signals can be generated for the active filter. In this way, the two control functions are integrated together so that one active filter can accomplish two functions simultaneously. The system is modeled in MATLAB SIMULINK to consist of the non-linear loads, with a hybrid active filter to compensate for the harmonic current and reactive power. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid active power filter has the expected performance.
Work Evaluations: Critique of the State of the Art of Functional Assessment of Work

The area of work evaluation is fertile ground for future research and development by occupational therapists. Current evaluations of work range from standardized work evaluations associated with vocational rehabilitation to highly technical physical capacity and work capacity instrumentation and equipment often associated with sports medicine. In addition, methods used to identify pain and abnormal illness behavior add the psychosocial component of work evaluation. The limitations of most of the traditional approaches to work evaluations are their lack of focus on the actual work environments and on the meaning of work to persons. Occupational therapy can play an important and unique role in linking work evaluations to psychosocial and environmental variables and in formulating comprehensive theoretical models of work that should improve and refine present work evaluations.
New technologies in the myeloma gene mine.

The new gene expression profiling technologies are redefining malignancy. In a previous article published in Blood (2002;99:1745-1757), Dr Shaughnessy's group published gene expression profiles of malignant plasma cells and included comparisons with normal plasma cells that were arduously sorted
Behavioral and Physiological Neural Network Analyses: A Common Pathway toward Pattern Recognition and Prediction.

Using 3 diversified datasets, we explored the pattern-recognition ability of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural network as applied to diversified nonlinear data distributions in the areas of behavioral and physiological research. Experiment 1 employed a dataset obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Data for this study were composed of votes for each U.S. Representative on 16 key items during a particular legislative session. Experiment 2 employed a dataset developed in our human neuroscience laboratory and focused on the effects of sympathetic nervous system arousal on cardiac and inner-ear physiology. Experiment 3 employed the well-known Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset, which was used to develop a sensitive, automated diagnostic method of distinguishing between malignant and benign cells. We suggest that the SOM is capable of identifying cohesive patterns of nonlinear measurements that would be difficult to identify using traditional linear data reduction procedures and that neural networks will be increasingly valuable in the analysis of a wide range of complex behaviors.
The Specific Heats of Potassium, Rubidium and Caesium at Temperatures below 330 degrees K

The specific heats of potassium, rubidium and caesium have been measured within the temperature range $\sim $ 20 to 330 degrees K. As in the previously reported case of sodium, anomalies have been found in the specific heats of all these metals. The anomaly in rubidium is found to be affected by heat treatment of the sample. The caesium measurements give direct calorimetric information relating to the caesium-oxygen binary system.
Self-Discharge and Charge Retention in AB 2-Based Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

We studied the self-discharge and charge retention characteristics of an 85 Ah nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) traction battery and proposed the most likely mechanisms associated with the passive capacity loss via self-discharge. The mechanistic explanation is evident through the analysis of the internal cell pressure profile and the corresponding individual electrode potential variation in the aging process. Three different stages, each associated with a predominant mechanism for self-discharge, were identified at room temperature, corresponding to a short (10-100 s), an intermediate (10 min-25 h), and a long (2 days-several months) period of aging. All three stages involved reactions with hydrogen gas, which led to the capacity loss. Most of the capacity loss was temporary and could be recovered from subsequent recharge. The effect from oxygen evolution and recombination only showed in the beginning of the self-discharge process and diminished after about 4 h of aging from the fully charged state. Through the remaining part of the intermediate stage, the residual hydrogen gas continued to reduce the positive electrode capacity via a partial discharge. In the final stage of the long aging period, the capacity loss was probably caused by a minute leakage current. From this study, we derived the charge retention as a function of aging time, which can be used for capacity prediction. Good agreement between the predicted value and the test result was found.
Old Main Manufacturing: The Case of Unrecorded Sales Discounts

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this case is to provide auditing students with an opportunity for applied learning in a realistic audit setting. The objectives of the case are: (1) to introduce students to the applied use of audit documentation, including the audit program and work papers; (2) to provide students with greater understanding of how various company records can be used by the auditor in his/her audit tests; (3) to demonstrate how the concept of materiality relates to the financial statement audit; and (4) to reinforce the importance of technical writing skills to effective and efficient communication of audit information. The case involves little class time, and students can complete the case in a very reasonable amount of time outside of class. Feedback from students has been very positive.