cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes

Abstract Most water utility engineers are familiar with the typical failure modes of grey cast iron pipes such as circumferential breaks and split bells. However, while researchers have examined the forces that are likely responsible for these failures, the failure mechanisms that link those forces with the observed failures have not been thoroughly investigated. Understanding these mechanisms is important for finding ways of detecting damaged pipes and preventing their ultimate failure. This paper presents a failure analysis of five different pipes that show four different failure modes. The analysis suggests that some of these failures occurred in at least two stages, raising the possibility that non-destructive testing could be used to detect pipes that are part way through the failure process.
The Game May be the Same but the Rules Have Changed

The job of a manager continues to be one of achieving outcomes through other people. However, in the current work environment, managers are finding that while their scope of responsibility is expanding, the traditional power base used to excourage high performance is shrinking. There are limited rewards a manager can use to gain commitment from their staff. Even if some of those rewards are available, many of the new employees do not see them as motivators. Employees come to the workplace with a different set of expectations. There seems to be a mismatch between the traditional management approach to getting the best from the worker and what the worker wants from their manager. In as much as the workplace and the worker are changing so too must manager's approach to "getting the job done."
Deaflympics and the Paralympics: eradicating misconceptions

This article adds to the limited literature about the world of Deaf sport. It argues that deafness is not viewed within the Deaf community as a disability, and highlights the importance of Deaf cul...
The role of registries in facilitating clinical research in BMT: examples from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research

Observational databases, such as those maintained by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) and the European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (EBMT), play an important role in facilitating research into hematopoietic SCT (HCT) outcomes. The CIBMTR maintains a large database of the outcome of BMTs performed in 450 centers in 47 countries, including information on 240,000 transplant recipients and adding information on about 14,000 new transplants per year. The database has data for 9000 survivors followed for 10 or more years. The database may facilitate the understanding of outcomes by addressing questions difficult to answer through clinical trials. Clinical databases may also aid the development of optimal designs for prospective clinical trials. Use of the CIBMTR database for trial design and monitoring is an integral part of the US Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN). The establishment of international outcomes registries was an important component of advances in HCT over the past three decades. Future progress will be further enhanced by inter-registry collaboration through the Worldwide Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (WBMT).
Management of the spastic urinary sphincter

Alpha blockade is a well-established form of therapy for bladder outlet obstruction. We introduce a new drug to the regimen that appears to facilitate relaxation of both the bladder outlet and external sphincter mechanism in patients with a spastic urinary sphincter.
Inclusion complexes of cationic xanthene dyes in cucurbit[7]uril

Improvements in optical properties of organic xanthene fluorophores through molecular encapsulation in cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) should enable better molecular probes and devices to be designed. Although the interactions of several dyes with CB7 have been studied, the data have often been incomplete. Uniformly applied ensemble spectroscopic studies are presented herein, including 1H NMR, UV–Vis, and fluorescence titration experiments of aqueous CB7 complexes with the monocationic xanthene dyes rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, 1), rhodamine B (RhB, 2), rhodamine B benzyl ester (RhBBE, 3), pyronin B (PyB, 4) and pyronin Y (PyY, 5). All of these cationic xanthene dyes formed 1:1 complexes with cucurbit[7]uril as evidenced by NMR data and Job’s plots of fluorescence changes upon addition of CB7. Non-linear regression analysis of the fluorescence titration curves gave precise Ka’s for RhB, RhBBE and PyB between 1.1 × 105 M−1 and 9.1 × 106 M−1. The fluorescence emission intensity of Rh6G was lowered 0.8-fold in the presence of CB7 while the other dyes examined showed an increase between 1.3 and 4.7-fold. NMR titration experiments from 0 to 2.0 equivalents of CB7 per equivalent of xanthene gave in only some cases very clear evidence of inclusion complexation. Non-specific adsorption of these xanthene dyes onto borosilicate glass was very pronounced and could be inhibited by dye inclusion into CB7. Pyronin B-Cucurbit[7]uril complex
MapReduce Design Patterns for Social Networking Analysis

The MapReduce paradigm has become ubiquitous within Big Data Analytics. Within this field, Social Networks exist as an important area of applications as it relies on the large scale analysis of graphs. To enable the scalability of Social Networks, we consider the application of MapReduce design patterns for the determination of graph-based metrics. Specifically, we detail the application of a MapReduce-based solution for the metric of betweenness-centrality. The prevailing concept is separation of the graph topology from the actual graph analysis. Here, we consider the chaining of MapReduce jobs for the estimation of shortest paths in a graph as well as post processing statistics. Through our design pattern, we are able to leverage Big Data Technologies to determine metrics in the context of ever expanding internet-based data resources.
Respiratory morbidity of hospitalized children with Trisomy 21.

Objective: To review the respiratory morbidity in children with Trisomy 21 admitted to a teaching hospital. Methodology: A retrospective chart review of 232 admissions to John Hunter Children’s Hospital during a 6.5-year period (1991–98). The primary outcome measures included: (i) primary reason for admission, (ii) concomitant respiratory pathology, (iii) admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), (iv) length of stay and (v) costs of admission. Results: Fifty-four per cent of admissions were primarily for respiratory tract pathology, dominated by pneumonia, bronchiolitis and croup. Admission to the ICU was required for 10% of admissions, most commonly for pneumonia (10/23). Congenital heart disease (CHD) was present in 33% of patients. The median length of stay and cost of admission for a child with Trisomy 21 (without CHD) with common respiratory conditions such as bronchiolitis, asthma or pneumonia was two to three times greater than in patients without Trisomy 21. Conclusions: Lower respiratory pathology is most common cause for acute hospital admission in children with Trisomy 21. The presence of CHD did not influence admission rates to hospital. However, patients with CHD had longer lengths of stay, appeared to have more severe illness, were more likely to require admission to an ICU and were more likely to require ventilatory support.
Implementation of the Lindahl Correspondence by a Single-Valued, Feasible, and Continuous Mechanism

This paper considers the problem of designing mechanisms whose Nash allocations coincide with the Lindahl allocations for public goods economies with more than one private good. Unlike previous mechanisms, the mechanism presented here has a single-valued, feasible, and continuous outcome function. Furthermore, when there are no public goods in economies, feasible and continuous implementation of the (constrained) Walrasian correspondence can be obtained as a corollary of our Theorem 1.
A note on a functional equation

The object of this note is to give an aspect to the problem of the functional equation of the generalized gamma function and Dirichlet series which are defined in [1]. In general, we cannot answer the problem yet. But it is worthy to attack this problem for some special cases.
Finding novel metabolic genes through plant-prokaryote phylogenomics

Plants and prokaryotes share thousands of genes. Those with known functions mostly encode enzymes of primary metabolism or other key biochemical components, and the same is almost surely true of those whose function is still obscure. The availability of hundreds of sequenced genomes and of rich postgenomic resources now makes possible the use of comparative genomics ('phylogenomics') of plants and prokaryotes to infer, and then verify, functions for such unknown genes. In this type of analysis, plant and prokaryote data each inform the search for function, and do so synergistically. This breaks with the past pattern of gene discovery, in which the information flow was most often unidirectional from prokaryotes to plants.
702 Stem-Like Tumor Cells Confer Drug Resistant Properties to Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Abstract 1840 Background: We have recently identified clonogenic malignant stem cell populations in human mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), is a particularly deadly subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). We have discovered that CD45+CD19-MCL cells, which we termed MCL-initiating cells (MCL-ICs), are highly tumorigenic and display self-renewal capacities in vivo; in contrast, CD45+CD19+ MCL cells, which constitute the vast majority of cells within the tumors, show no self-renewal capacities and display greatly reduced tumorigenicity. Given the newly appreciated roles of cancer stem cells in the drug resistance of some cancers, it is critical to investigate whether MCL-ICs play roles in drug resistance of human MCL. Methods: CD45+CD19- and CD45+CD19+ cells isolated from MCL patients was tested for functional roles of MCL-ICs in drug-resistance of MCL using clinically-relevant chemotherapeutic regimens: R-CHOP, R-hyperCVAD, R-DHAP, R-HAD+B, and fludarabine-based regimen. We compared the cytotoxic effects and IC50 values of above regimens between two cell groups. To understand molecular mechanisms of drug resistance of MCL-ICs, we examined the cell cycle status of MCL-ICs using Rhodamine 123. Results: Cytotoxicity assay showed that MCL-ICs are more resistant to clinically relevant combined chemotherapeutic regimens in vitro as compared to bulk MCL tumor cells. Annexin V apoptosis assay supported this finding. IC50 values of chemotherapeutic agents that can induce the effective cytotoxicity of CD45+CD19-MCL-ICs were significantly higher than those of CD45+CD19+ MCL cells in most regimens. In contrast with CD45+CD19+ MCL cells, no significant growth inhibition was noted in CD45+CD19-MCL-ICs with combined drug treatments as well as a single agent. Rhodamine 123 efflux activity tests showed that MCL-ICs are maintained in a quiescent status. Conclusions: We have discovered MCL-ICs were more resistant to various clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents in combination or in a single regimen compared to CD45+CD19+ MCL cells. The resistance of MCL-ICs to drugs was largely due to quiescent properties with enriched ABC drug transporters. In conclusion, designing novel therapies that can kill MCL-ICs may prevent relapse and increase patient survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Experimental Human Reinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus

Patients with frequent recurrent herpes simplex of the face or genitalia were inoculated in areas of normal skin with virus taken from their own vesicle fluid. Fresh crops of vesicles appeared at the inoculation sites and, in some cases, it was possible to serially transfer virus from one site to another. The case of reinfection by this method suggests the possibility that patients harboring herpes simplex virus can easily be reinfected by exogenous virus.
Metabolome-wide association study of phenylalanine in plasma of common marmosets

Little systematic knowledge exists concerning the impacts of cumulative lifelong exposure, termed the exposome, on requirements for nutrients. Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential dietary amino acid with an aromatic ring structure similar to endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds and environmental agents. Excess plasma Phe in genetic disease or nutritional deficiency of Phe has adverse health consequences. In principle, structurally similar chemicals interfering with Phe utilization could alter Phe requirement at an individual level. As a strategy to identify components of the exposome that could interfere with Phe utilization, we tested for metabolites correlating with Phe concentration in plasma of a non-human primate species, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The results of tests for more than 5,000 chemical features detected by high-resolution metabolomics showed 17 positive correlations with Phe metabolites and other amino acids. Positive and negative correlations were also observed for 33 other chemicals, which included matches to endogenous metabolites and dietary, microbial and environmental chemicals in database searches. Chemical similarity analysis showed many of the matches had high structural similarity to Phe. Together, the results show that chemicals in marmoset plasma could impact Phe utilization. Such chemicals could contribute to early lifecycle developmental disorders when neurological development is vulnerable to Phe levels.
Modeling competition for light between soybean and broadleaf weeds

Abstract Crop yield reductions due to weed competition can vary with both environmental and cultural conditions. Models of resource use by crops and weeds will likely be necessary to accurately simulate crop losses from weed competition. Many broadleaf weeds cause losses in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) through competition for light. A simple model of canopy structure and light interception by soybean and broadleaf weeds within a weed area of influence has been developed and incorporated into SOYWEED, a dynamic soybean-weed competition model. Daily photosynthetic rates per unit ground area are calculated according to interception of direct light by the weed and crop. Interception is approximated from the simple exponential extinction of light by a plant canopy. For competing plants, interception depends on both the amount and arrangement of leaf area. Arrangement of that leaf area is described by extinction coefficients, the plant height, and the vertical distribution of leaf area. Preliminary testing with cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) competition data indicates an improved simulation of weed and crop growth and crop yield with the incorporation of this model into SOYWEED, but highlights the lack of data on weed and soybean canopy structure. Simulated crop response to changes in weed emergence date and time before weed removal is consistent with general observations reported in the literature. Simulation results indicate that several weed canopy characteristics may contribute to the differential ability of weed species to compete with soybean.
Factors Affecting Older Women's Adherence to Medication and Treatment

Over the past 25 years, there has been a growing interest in why many patients do not take prescribed medications or fail to follow medical advice. As many as 50% of all patients fail to adhere adequately to therapeutic advice or engage in inappropriate use of prescribed medications. Additionally, there has been a struggle over how best to describe this variance between what medical practitioners recommend and what patients actually do. This article examines factors thought to affect women's adherence to medication and treatment regimens. Literature on age, comorbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, and perceived susceptibility for an illness is reviewed as are individual psychological idiosyncratic dynamics that may influence health care behaviors.
Fracture toughness of packable and conventional composite materials.

Abstract Statement of Problem. The introduction of packable composite has expanded the choices of materials for the restoration of posterior teeth. Few independent studies are available on the fracture toughness (K IC ) of the presently available packable composites compared with more conventional composite alternatives. Purpose. This investigation evaluated the relative fracture toughness of 3 packable composites, 2 conventional composites, and 1 laboratory-processed composite. Material and Methods. Six composite materials were tested in this study. These included: 3 packable composites (Alert, SureFil and Solitaire), 2 conventional composites (Herculite and Heliomolar), and 1 laboratory-processed composite (Belleglass). K IC was determined by preparing 8 mini-compact test specimens (8.2 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) for each composite in a polytetrafluoroethylene split-mold with introduced precracks created with a razor blade. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37° ± 2° C for 7 days. Testing was performed on a universal testing machine at a displacement rate of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Analysis of variance ( P P Results. The mean fracture toughness of Alert (1.57 Mpa·m 1/2 ) was significantly greater than any of the other composites tested. Solitaire, a packable composite, exhibited a mean fracture toughness (0.67 MPa·m 1/2 ) that was significantly lower than any of the other materials tested. No significant difference was noted between Belleglass (1.27 MPa·m 1/2 ), SureFil (1.25 MPa·m 1/2 ) and Herculite (1.16 MPa·m 1/2 ). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the glass fiber-reinforced packable composite exhibited improved fracture toughness when compared with the other composite materials tested. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;88:307-13.)
First-Generation College Students in Christian Academia. Part 1: Academic and Local Church Collaboration in the Preparation of Diverse Students

This paper is the first in a two-part series focused on first-generation college students (FGCS) in Christian colleges. It provides an overview of the literature regarding the pre-enrollment needs and experiences of these students and will be followed by a second article focused on the support needs and persistence of FGCS. Because much of the existing literature is based on research with FGCS students in public universities, the literature is compared to student input from facilitated discussions that the author convened with FGCS attending Christian universities. From these comparisons, recommendations are made as to how Christian universities, in partnership with local church communities, can develop outreach and service programs that facilitate the preparation and recruitment of FGCS in Christian colleges and universities.
Increased risk of cardiovascular perforation during ECMO with a bicaval, wire-reinforced cannula.

Abstract Purpose Cardiac or major vascular perforation is a rare but serious risk of ECMO. We sought to determine if perforation rates are related to cannula design. Methods We utilized three methods to evaluate perforation on ECMO. 1. The ELSO registry was queried to establish the historical rate of hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade. 2. ELSO centers were surveyed regarding cannula related perforation events and brands of cannulas used over a four year time period (January 2008–March 2012). 3. The FDA's MAUDE database was reviewed looking for adverse events related to ECMO cannulas. Results The historical rate of hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade in the ELSO registry was 0.53% (~1985–2010, ELSO registry). In the survey there were eleven reports of cannula-related perforation, 0.74% (11/1482 p-value=0.29) at 7 different ELSO centers with 23 ELSO centers responding (17% response rate). The incidence of perforation was much higher for the wire-reinforced bicaval design 3.6% (10/279) as compared to catheters designed for the atrial position, 0.1% (1/1203, p-value Conclusion These findings suggest a relatively high rate of cardiac perforation associated with the dual lumen bicaval cannula. This may be related to inherent differences in cannula design or the IVC positioning required by the design.
Immune cytolysis of human tumor cells mediated by xenogeneic "immune" RNA.

Abstract Normal, nonimmune, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, when incubated with RNA extracted from lymphoid organs of guinea pigs or sheep immunized with human tumor cells, mediated the immune cytolysis of those tumor cells in vitro . Lymphocytes incubated without RNA, or with control RNA preparations, failed to evidence cytotoxic activity. Treatment of the active RNA preparations with ribonuclease abrogated the cytotoxic activity, but treatment with deoxyribonuclease or pronase did not effect activity.
Simulation of nanoparticle based enhancement of cellular electroporation for biomedical applications

Introduction of nanoparticles can modify electrical properties such as the permittivity and conductivity of a medium. This model based study focuses on such modulated changes of an extracellular medium from the standpoint of enhancing electroporation to achieve more efficient delivery into biological cells. A finite element, time-dependent axisymmetric bio-model, coupled with the Smoluchowski equation, has been used to evaluate the transmembrane potentials and evolution of pore densities. Our simulation results show that a relatively small fraction of gold nanoparticles in the extracellular medium effectively enhances the transmembrane potentials, leads to much higher pore densities, and shifts the pore distribution towards larger radii. This collectively bodes well for enhancing drug delivery or gene transfection in cells.
TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY - A FUTURE CONFRONTATION

An examination of the relationship between energy supplies and transportation systems indicates that a major confrontation is forthcoming. Predictions of the world's petroleum supplies and the primary dependence of transportation systems on petroleum show that there will be a depletion of these supplies in the next 50 years unless major changes in transportation and energy planning and policy making are forthcoming. A closer examination of specific transportation systems through the use of the transportation/ energy efficiency indicates that automobiles, aircraft and intercity trucking are most inefficient on a mobility per unit of petroleum basis. Recommendations on the difficult problem of how to account for the depletion characteristics of transportation systems are given. These include coordinated transportation and energy planning, restricted petroleum and transportation toll and tax rates, research and development on propulsion systems less dependent on petroleum, and a shifting of emphasis to higher transportation/energy efficiency systems such as compact automobiles, buses and trains.
Global e-science collaboration

Today's e-science, with its extreme-scale scientific applications, marks a turning point for high-end requirements on the compute infrastructure and, in particular, on optical networking resources. Although ongoing research efforts are aimed at exploiting the vast bandwidth of fiber-optic networks to both interconnect resources and enable high-performance applications, challenges continue to arise in the area of the optical control plane. The ultimate goal in this area is to extend the concept of application-driven networking into the optical space, providing unique features that couldn't be achieved otherwise. Many researchers in the e-science community are adopting grid computing to meet their ever-increasing computational and bandwidth needs as well as help them with their globally distributed collaborative efforts. This recent awareness of the network as a prime resource has led to a sharper focus on interactions with the optical control plane, grid middleware, and other applications. This article attempts to explain the rationale for why high-end e-science applications consider optical network resources to be as essential and dynamic as CPU and storage resources in a grid infrastructure and why rethinking the role of the optical control plane is essential for next-generation optical networks.
HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY WITH SUPERCONDUCTING LENSES AT LIQUID HELIUM TEMPERATURES.

High resolution electron microscopy with superconducting lenses at liquid helium temperatures
Epithelial Cell Division: Aurora Kicks Lgl to the Cytoplasmic Curb

The Drosophila neoplastic tumor suppressor Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) regulates apico-basal polarity in epithelia as well as the asymmetric segregation of cell fate in neural progenitors. Two new studies uncover a new facet of its regulation in epithelia, where Aurora-dependent phosphorylation triggers Lgl dissociation from the basolateral cortex to facilitate planar orientation of the mitotic spindle.
Informatics derived materials databases for multifunctional properties.

In this review, we provide an overview of the development of quantitative structure–property relationships incorporating the impact of data uncertainty from small, limited knowledge data sets from which we rapidly develop new and larger databases. Unlike traditional database development, this informatics based approach is concurrent with the identification and discovery of the key metrics controlling structure–property relationships; and even more importantly we are now in a position to build materials databases based on design ‘intent’ and not just design parameters. This permits for example to establish materials databases that can be used for targeted multifunctional properties and not just one characteristic at a time as is presently done. This review provides a summary of the computational logic of building such virtual databases and gives some examples in the field of complex inorganic solids for scintillator applications.
Responses of forested wetland vegetation to perturbations of water chemistry and hydrology

Nineteen mature Atlantic white-cedar swamps, located in four categories of undeveloped and suburban watersheds of the New Jersey Pinelands, were studied to determine the relationship between perturbations of water quality and hydrology and changes in species composition and community structure. Rank-orders of the 19 sites were compared for key variables (ground-water and surface-water NH4 and PO4, mean water-table level and water-table range). Rank orders for the sites were different for the various parameters, suggesting little congruence among water quality and hydrologic changes at wetlands within urban basins. Changes in species composition, measured as the number of invading species, were correlated with the number of perturbed chemical and hydrologic parameters and were not related to the absolute magnitude of any one parameter. Sites in developed watersheds supported a larger fraction of facultative upland and upland species than did sites in undisturbed watersheds; this change could affect wetland delineation of urban wetlands. Urbanization thus increases variability in environmental quality among sites of a given type of wetland and fosters an increase in proportion of non-hydrophytic vegetation within such wetlands.
Comparison of Defuzzification Techniques for Analysis of Non-interval Data

Defuzzification plays an important role in the implementation of a fuzzy system since the crisp value generated best represents the possibility distribution of all possible fuzzy control outputs. The focus of this paper is on comparison of several defuzzification strategies in two fuzzy inference systems designed to analyze questionnaires. Two different questionnaires were analyzed, one having two fuzzy rules and one having three fuzzy rules for the inference component. The output of Centroid, Bisector, Mean of Maximum (MOM), and Largest of Maximum (LOM) defuzzification methods were compared with the output of a conventional statistical analysis. Significant correlation was found between the statistical outputs and the fuzzy inference outputs. It appears that with non-interval data, typical of the kind of data collected in social science studies, the choice of defuzzification method has no influence on the output. As is suggested in the literature, this may be due to the match between the properties of the various defuzzification methods and the application.
A comparative gene expression database for invertebrates

Background As whole genome and transcriptome sequencing gets cheaper and faster, a great number of 'exotic' animal models are emerging, rapidly adding valuable data to the ever-expanding Evo-Devo field. All these new organisms serve as a fantastic resource for the research community, but the sheer amount of data, some published, some not, makes detailed comparison of gene expression patterns very difficult to summarize - a problem sometimes even noticeable within a single lab. The need to merge existing data with new information in an organized manner that is publicly available to the research community is now more necessary than ever.
The Mean Life of Negative μ Mesons Stopped in Iron

The mean life of negative cosmic-ray $\ensuremath{\mu}$ mesons stopping in an iron absorber has been found experimentally to be 0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 \ensuremath{\mu}sec. The upper limit to the mean number of neutrons produced is very roughly one per meson captured by an iron nucleus.
Neuromotor Issues in Human Performance: Introduction

Abstract Two current approaches frequently implemented to understand mechanisms involved in motor control are presented in a series of papers. One approach aims at understanding what specific neural mechanisms are responsible for motor behavior. Such neural mechanisms might be operative at any of several sites in the nervous system, including spinal sites capable of complex reflex organization, as well as supraspinal sites involved in integrating multiple sensory and motor processes. Alternative approaches involve the assessment of kinematic and other variables used to describe the behavior using dynamical systems theory. Such an approach allows the researcher to explore relationships among groups of variables in, for example, multijoint control. In the series of papers that follow, the value of both of these approaches is discussed using examples from tasks that involve both rhythmic activities (running and cycling) and discrete movement (weight lifting and golf).
Nonstatic spin-independent term in the quarkonium potential.

Using the potential of Lichtenberg et al., we compare the spin-averaged energy levels in charmonium calculated with three different wave equations: the Klein-Gordon equation, the Schr\"odinger equation, and the Fermi-Breit reduction of the Klein-Gordon equation. The Fermi-Breit reduction contains a nonstatic, spin-independent term in the quarkonium potential even in the absence of such a term in the Klein-Gordon equation. We examine the effect of this nonstatic term.
Firefly system concept

The 'Firefly' project has developed and implemented an infrared (IR) remote sensing prototype system based on the concept presented. The Firefly system produces images through smoke that will provide near real-time wildland fire information for fire management and suppression. The prototype will be tested through the 1991 fire season. Results of the testing will be incorporated into the final system design for operational use at the end of 1992.
Use of a bioresorbable guided tissue membrane as an adjunct to bony regeneration in cases requiring endodontic surgical intervention

The use of guided tissue regeneration membrane in the treatment of advanced bony lesion case management is at hand, allowing the endodontist an additional adjunctive tool to treat an isolated bony defect with enhanced expectation of clinical regeneration of bone in the healing process. The introduction of a resorbable membrane should allow for wider use by endodontists in those indicated cases that come under our management. Two such cases are presented.
Muscle spasm associated with therapeutic use of Cang Er Zi Wan

Introduction. Cang Er Zi Wan (CEZW) is a herbal medication derived from Xanthium sibiricum that is used to treat allergies and upper respiratory problems. Its toxicity has been described in grazing animals, in experimental studies, and in human overdoses. We describe a case of muscular spasm that was associated with the therapeutic use of CEZW. Case report. A 17-year-old female was prescribed CEZW for chronic allergies. Shortly after her second dose of 10 pills BID, she developed intermittent muscular spasms. She was seen in an Emergency Department and had normal vital signs and no significant laboratory abnormalities. Her physical exam was significant only for intermittent spasm of the muscles of the face, neck, and upper extremities. No tremor, fasciculation, dystonia, akisthisia, chorea, bradykinesia, or clonus was noted. She discontinued the CEZW and the symptoms slowly decreased over 4 days. Testing of the product did not detect any other medications or drugs. Discussion. CEZW is a herbal medication ...
Growth of abrupt Ge layers in Si (100)

Abstract We have studied the growth of pseudomorphic Ge layers sandwiched in Si (100) using Raman spectroscopy and medium energy ion scattering spectrocopy. We find that films deposited at temperatures between ∽ 550 and ∽ 350°C while commensurate, do not have atomically sharp interfaces. However, films deposited at ∽ 250°C have atomically sharp interfaces and are still commensurate. Any further lowering of growth temperature leads to Raman spectra similar to those obtained from amorphous layers. This is consistent with the observed deterioration of the low energy electron diffration pattern from sharp to diffuse after growth. These results are corroborated by medium energy ion scattering done at 350 keV using He + . For samples grown at ≥250°C channeling yields were below 3%. For samples grown at temperatures above 450°C an asymmetric broadening of the Ge peak into the capping Si layer is seen. This may be explained either by interfacial roughening of the Ge-Si interface nearer the surface, or by surface enhanced mixing of Ge into the capping Si layer. Our results show that: (1) Raman spectroscopy is an extremely sensitive tool to study order in such Si m Ge n structures and is well corroborated by structural measurement techniques; (2) optimal growth temperatures for such structures are considerably lower than commonly believed and that the growth temperature window is somewhat narrow; (3) important differences exist between the growth of Ge on Si and the growth of Si on Ge.
Effect of Habitat and Perturbation on Populations and Community Structure of Darkling Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidne) on Mixed-grass Rangeland

A study was conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of perturbation and habitat characteristics on the population dynamics and community structure of darkling beetles on mixed-grass rangeland. Two 1,400-ha blocks of rangeland in western South Dakota were treated aerially with malathion liquid spray or carbaryl-bran bait in early July 1986 to determine the immediate and second-year effect of treatments on darkling beetles, as well as grasshoppers and other nontarget arthropods. Populations of the dominant species (83% of total), Eleodes opacus (Say), were reduced significantly by 59.2 and 87.9% in the carbaryl-bran bait and malathion spray treatment plots, respectively, within 1 wk of treatment and remained at low levels throughout the rest of the summer. Populations did not change significantly in the control plots. Populations of the next three most abundant species (15.7% of total), E. tricostatus (Say), E. obsoleta (Say), and E. suturalis (Say), were negatively affected by one or both treatments. Populations increased to or above pretreatment levels in 1987 in treated and control plots. Analysis of covariance of the abundance of darkling beetles during July 1987, with pretreatment abundance as a covariable, indicated that treatment (treatment and block effects combined) had no significant effect on second-year populations of E. opacus, E. obsoleta , or E. suturalis , but did explain a significant amount of variation of second-year populations of E. tricostatus . However, the covariable, pretreatment abundance, was significantly correlated with July 1987 population levels of E. opacus, E. tricostatus , and E. obsoleta . The multivariate technique, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), was used to ordinate undisturbed communities along ecological gradients, and correlation analysis of DCA axes values with habitat variables was used to define specific gradients underlying the community structure of darkling beetles. Analysis of abundance and incidence data indicated that darkling beetle communities were ordinated along ecological gradients of percentage of grass coverage, particularly Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. and Bromus spp., coverage of several forb species, and percentage of sand and clay in the soil. Numbers of total darkling beetles, E. opacus , and E. obsoleta , and species richness increased along a gradient defined by coverage of grass and percentage of sand. E. suturalis decreased along the same gradient.
The Bidding Volume Effect on Public Work Cost a Case Study

(1986). The Bidding Volume Effect on Public Work Cost a Case Study. The Journal of Cost Analysis: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 27-45.
The interaction of point defects with dislocations in high purity copper above room temperature. II. Quenching

Abstract Damping and modulus measurements were made ± 0.04 on : igh purity copper following quenching from 700°C. An analysis of the annealing data yielded 0.54 ± 0.4 eV for the value of the migration energy minus the binding energy of a divacancy (Em 2v -B 2v ). Following quenching from 700°C and during isothermal annealing near room temperature, we observe a monotonie decrease in the logarithmic decrement with a concurrent increase in the modulus. However, this same sample, when subjected to electron irradiation exhibits a pronounced “peaking effect” in the logarithmic decrement at the onset of irradiation. Depinning studies were carried out following both quenching and electron irradiation-the results were very similar for both types of experiments.
Creating optimal code for GPU-accelerated CT reconstruction using ant colony optimization

Purpose: CT reconstruction algorithms implemented on the GPU are highly sensitive to their implementation details and the hardware they run on. Fine-tuning an implementation for optimal performance can be a time consuming task and require many updates when the hardware changes. There are some techniques that do automatic fine-tuning of GPU code. These techniques, however, are relatively narrow in their fine-tuning and are often based on heuristics which can be inaccurate. The goal of this paper is to present a framework that will automate the process of code optimization with maximum flexibility and produce a final result that is efficient and readable to the user. Methods: The authors propose a method that is able to tune high level implementation details by using the ant colony optimization algorithm to find the optimal implementation in a relatively short amount of time. Our framework does this by taking as input, a file that describes a graph, such that a path through this graph represents a potential implementation. They then use the ant colony optimization algorithm to find the optimal path through this graph based on the execution time and the quality of the image. Results: Two experimental studies are carried out. Using the presented framework, they optimize the performance of a GPU accelerated FDK backprojection implementation and a GPU accelerated separable footprint backprojection implementation. The authors demonstrate that the resulting optimal implementation can be different depending on the hardware specifications. They then compare the results of the framework produced with the results produced by manual optimization. Conclusions: The framework they present is a useful tool for increasing programmer productivity and reducing the overhead of leveraging hardware specific resources. By performing an intelligent search, our framework produces a more efficient image reconstruction implementation in a shorter amount of time.
ViewpointGlobal warming toward open educational resources

Seeking to realize the potential for significantly improving and advancing the world's standard of education.
Optimized Cell Survival and Seeding Efficiency for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Using Clinical Stem Cell Therapy

Traumatic injuries involving the face are very common, yet the clinical management of the resulting craniofacial deficiencies is challenging. These injuries are commonly associated with missing teeth, for which replacement is compromised due to inadequate jawbone support. Using cell therapy, we report the upper jaw reconstruction of a patient who lost teeth and 75% of the supporting jawbone following injury. A mixed population of bone marrow-derived autologous stem and progenitor cells was seeded onto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which served as a scaffold to deliver cells directly to the defect. Conditions (temperature, incubation time) to achieve the highest cell survival and seeding efficiency were optimized. Four months after cell therapy, cone beam computed tomography and a bone biopsy were performed, and oral implants were placed to support an engineered dental prosthesis. Cell seeding efficiency (>81%) of the β-TCP and survival during the seeding process (94%) were highest when cells were incubated with β-TCP for 30 minutes, regardless of incubation temperature; however, at 1 hour, cell survival was highest when incubated at 4°C. Clinical, radiographic, and histological analyses confirmed that by 4 months, the cell therapy regenerated 80% of the original jawbone deficiency with vascularized, mineralized bone sufficient to stably place oral implants. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the patient was successfully completed with installation of a dental prosthesis 6 months following implant placement. This proof-of-concept clinical report used an evidence-based approach for the cell transplantation protocol used and is the first to describe a cell therapy for craniofacial trauma reconstruction.
Fluorescein-Conjugated Bandeiraea simplicifolia Lectin as a Marker of Endodermal, Yolk Sac, and Trophoblastic Differentiation in the Mouse Embryo

The Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I (BSA-I) conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as a histochemical reagent to study the mouse embryos from fertilization to early somitogenesis. No lectin binding could be detected on the embryonic cells in the preimplantation embryo. Lectin labeled intensely the zona pellucida. In the implanting embryos lectin binding was detected along the subtrophectodermal and Reichert's membrane, in the cytoplasm of the parietal and visceral endoderm, and the trophoblastic giant cells, but not in the ectodermal cells. Studies on explanted blastocyts cultured in vitro disclosed that the cytoplasmic BSA-I binding sites in trophoblastic cells develop gradually. In the 9-day somitic embryo BSA-I reacted with epithelial cells of the yolk sac, but not with the mesenchymal cells. A continuity between the lectin-reactive endoderm and the foregut epithelium could be demonstrated. These data indicated that BSA-I lectin can be used as a histochemical probe for endodermal (yolk sac) and trophoblastic differentiation in the peri-implantational mouse embryo.
Development of an Adolescent Health Counseling Quality Questionnaire † 16

OBJECTIVE: Despite recommendations that primary care clinicians counsel adolescents to reduce health-compromising behaviors, little is known about how to measure the quality of counseling clinicians provide. The objective of our study is to develop a self-administered questionnaire that assesses adolescents' perceptions of health counseling quality.
Agency and Child-Centered Practices in Novice Teachers: Autonomy, Efficacy, Intentionality, and Reflectivity

Faced with the forces of standardization and accountability, some teachers of young children succumb to prescriptions and pacing schedules that fail too many children, while others are able to teach in ways that are responsive to the children and families they serve. What distinguishes teachers who maintain a child-centered stance in the face of standardization? The term “teacher agency” has been applied to such teachers and their work. But does “agency” accurately represent who these teachers are and what they do? In this paper, we bring together definitions of agency in the literature; then we test these definitions against the work of novice teachers to instantiate the concept of agency with concrete examples from their work. And finally, we speculate on the usefulness of agency as a conceptual tool for thinking about how to prepare and support teachers who will remain faithful to and act on their child-centered convictions.
13C Relaxation and Dynamics of the Purine Bases in the Iron Responsive Element RNA Hairpin

The iron responsive element (IRE) RNA hairpin contains a conserved six-nucleotide loop. The NMR structure of this loop showed that the positions of four of its bases are not tightly constrained, while the remaining two are hydrogen-bonded [Laing, L. G., and Hall, K. B. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 13586]. To investigate the flexibility of the RNA in the loop and in the stem, 13C NMR relaxation methods have been used to describe the dynamics of the purine bases. IRE hairpins containing [13C]guanosine and [13C]adenosine are used in NMR experiments to measure T1, T1ρ, and NOE values of the bases as a function of temperature (20−37 °C). Data are analyzed using the Lipari−Szabo model-free formalism [Lipari, G., and Szabo, A. (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4546] to determine order parameters and time scales of the motion. Results indicate that the purine bases in the stem have order parameters that are independent of temperature, although they show evidence of both fast (6−40 ps) motions and slower motions at 37 °C. ...
Premature rupture of the membranes before 28 weeks: Conservative management

The maternal and fetal outcomes of 70 consecutive singleton pregnancies with prolonged premature rupture of the membranes before 28 weeks, which were managed expectantly, were evaluated; 58.6% of the mothers developed chorioamnionitis and 13% postpartum endomyometritis. No long-term maternal sequelae were noted. None of the 22 infants born before 25 weeks survived the neonatal period. The weights of the 35 surviving infants ranged between 800 and 4100 gm. Only 29.4% of the 17 infants with long-term follow-up were both physically and developmentally normal at 6 months of age or more.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Abstract Purpose: To describe a patient with classic presentation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and subsequent improvement with targeted epidural blood patch. Methods: Report of one case and review of the literature. Results: Examination of cerebrospinal fluid after lumbar puncture disclosed a reduced opening pressure, an increased level of protein, and lymphocytic pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with gadolinium showed diffuse enhancement of the pachymeninges, no evidence of leptomeningeal enhancement, and chronic subdural fluid collection. Radionuclide cisternography demonstrated reduced activity over the cerebral convexities, early accumulation of radiotracer in the urinary bladder, and direct evidence of leakage at the cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1). Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Therapy with a targeted epidural blood patch resulted in the rapid resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: In this report, we describe a classic case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a 63-year-old man with an initial presentation of postural headaches, blurred vision, pain in the left eye, diplopia on left gaze, and neck soreness.