cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface effects on bulk plasmons.

We discuss the effects of surfaces on bulk plasma oscillations in a metallic film of thickness L. The leading corrections to the plasma frequencies due to the surfaces are proportional to ${\mathit{L}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The frequencies of low-lying long-wavelength modes are given by the dispersion relation of bulk modes, \ensuremath{\omega}=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{p}}$[1+\ensuremath{\alpha}(${\mathit{q}}^{2}$/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}^{2}$)], where the allowed q values are ${\mathit{q}}^{(\mathit{n})}$=(n\ensuremath{\pi}/L\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}), L\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\equiv}L-2${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{b}}$, and ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{b}}$ is a complex length characteristic of the surface (reminiscent of, but different from, Feibelman's ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$). An explicit expression for ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{b}}$ is derived. Resonant excitation by an external field ${\mathit{E}}_{0}$${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{i}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}\mathit{t}}$ is calculated.
Catalytic hydroxyl/amine dyads within serine proteases.

Abstract The ‘catalytic triad' mechanism, which involves a serine, histidine and aspartic acid, has become synonymous with serine proteases. However, recently, mechanistically novel serine proteases have been discovered. These proteases use hydroxyl/ϵ-amine or hydroxyl/α-amine ‘catalytic dyads' as their reactive centers.
Internal Medicine in the Current Health Care Environment: A Need for Reaffirmation

Managed care has substantially changed the environment of health care delivery for general internists and internist-subspecialists. In the current system, one may wonder whether detailed and though...
Constructing a Bilingual Professional Identity in a Graduate Classroom

This article explores the construction of a bilingual professional identity in a bilingual creative-writing graduate program in southwest Texas by analyzing a classroom event and the participants' interpretation of it. In bilingual classrooms the resources available to construct professional identities include a large repertoire of linguistic practices and cultural frames. This context provides a space to explore how language, power, and identity are negotiated in bilingual settings. The data were analyzed from a social constructivist perspective using tools from Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1994; Martin & White, 2005) and theme patterns. The paper demonstrates how 3 types of positioning—attitudinal, dialogic, and intertextual—contribute to the construction of various bilingual professional identities in the community and the idea that both Spanish and English are considered legitimate in the construction of disciplinary knowledge. The conclusions point to the importance of interpreting and ...
Determination of primary and secondary fatty aliphatic amines in the presence of large amounts of nitrile by near-infrared spectroscopy

There are numerous methods proposed for determination of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Most seem to be lengthy, inaccurate and unsuitable for small samples. Previous spectroscopic methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy for determination of aliphatic and aromatic amines are not applicable for samples containing more than 10% nitrile. A simple method based on near-infrared spectroscopy has been developed, and is presented, for determination of primary and secondary fatty aliphatic amines in the presence of 0–100% nitrile.
Reduced risk of synovial sarcoma in females: X-chromosome inactivation?

Synovial sarcoma shows a characteristic t(X;18) translocation but not the expected female predominance in incidence. We speculate that, among females, one X-chromosome is inactivated and that only the translocation to an active X-chromosome leads to development of synovial sarcoma. Population-based cancer registry data from the SEER program support this hypothesis.
Parallelization of Structured, Hierarchical Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithms

We describe an approach to parallelization of structured adaptive mesh refinement algorithms. This type of adaptive methodology is based on the use of local grids superimposed on a coarse grid to achieve sufficient resolution in the solution. The key elements of the approach to parallelization are a dynamic load-balancing technique to distribute work to processors and a software methodology for managing data distribution and communications. The methodology is based on a message-passing model that exploits the coarse-grained parallelism inherent in the algorithms. The approach is illustrated for an adaptive algorithm for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in three space dimensions. A numerical example computing the interaction of a shock with a helium bubble is presented. We give timings to illustrate the performance of the method.
Suppression of bioremediation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium by soil factors

Abstract The timing of onset of mineralization of pyrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium correlated with the production of ligninase activity as monitored by the decolorization of the polymeric dye Poly R-478. A layer of native soil decreased the growth of P. chrysosporium by visual assessment of hyphal mass and measurement of ergosterol, a fungal membrane sterol. The native soil layer slowed the production of ligninase as determined by Poly R-478 decolorization and the rate of mineralization of pyrene was decreased. Inhibition of pyrene mineralization was also observed with layers of sterilized silt and clay but not by sand. Mineralization, fungal growth and rate of decolorization of the dye were improved when the native soil was sterilized by autoclaving. Suspensions of the native soil contained a consortium of bacteria and fungi. Several of the bacteria were antagonistic to the growth of P. chrysosporium on solid medium. The onset of dye decolorization by P. chrysosporium on a nitrogen-limited medium was delayed by certain bacteria. These findings suggest that in certain soils, bioremediation by P. chrysosporium could be suppressed by indigenous soil microbes as well as by the abiotic features of the soil composition.
Clinical Experience with the Wada-Cutter Cardiac Valve Prosthesis

ince the introduction of the first cardiac valve prostheses, numerous designs have been developed and then superseded in the search S for a prosthesis with maximal functional efficiency and minimal risk of early and late complications. Only a few are still in clinical use -mainly the caged-ball or caged-disc variety. The recently developed Wada-Cutter valve embodies a unique design ideal for mitral and tricuspid valve replacement. The present report details our experience with this prosthesis in 150 patients.
Species differences in the distribution of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in choroid plexus of lateral ventricle and microvessels of adjacent brain

The distribution of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in different vascular compartments of the central nervous system was evaluated in several common laboratory Animals, i.e., hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, rat and mouse, by enzyme-histochemistry. Microvascular endothelium of the periventricular brain tissue stained positively in all five species. In contrast, the vascular endothelium of the choroid plexus stained positively only in the gerbil, and was negative in the other four species. Positive reactions for the transpeptidase was also found in choroid plexus epithelial cells in guinea pig, rat, and mouse; however no activity could be demonstrated in these cells of hamster and gerbil.
Differentiable rigidity for hyperbolic toral actions

Our aim is to extend existing results about differentiable rigidity of higher rank abelian actions by automorphisms of a torus. Previous proofs have required an assumption of semisimplicity, that is, that the action is by commuting diagonalizable matrices. Here we introduce a technique that utilizes the unipotent part of a non-semisimple action, which allows us to discard the semisimplicity assumption. In its place we will make a technical assumption that the spectrum of the action restricted to leaves of the coarse Lyapunov decomposition is sufficiently narrow.
The effect of iron stores on ferrokinetics in polycythaemia.

SUMMARY The ferrokinetic data of patients with primary polycythaemia are those of patients with depleted iron stores. Differences in iron kinetics between polycythaemia vera and secondary polycythaemia are related to the variation in the quantity of iron stores and do not appear to be inherent to the type of polycythaemia. If ferrokinetic studies are to be used to evaluate or classify polycythaemia, storage iron must be assessed.
Expression of ocular autoantigens in the mouse thymus

Purpose. The occurrence of eye diseases of autoimmune nature, as well as experimental models of these diseases, has been attributed to the sequestration of ocular antigens from the immune system, that prevents the development of tolerance against these antigens. Here, we tested this assertion by examining whether transcripts of certain ocular antigens are constitutively expressed in the thymus, the site of central tolerance induction.Method. RNA was isolated from the eyes and thymi of two mouse strains and analyzed for the expression of genes encoding four retinal and three lens proteins by reverse transcribed-polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot and DNA sequence analyses.Results. We detected gene transcripts of S-Antigen (S-Ag), interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, opsin, recoverin, lens major intrinsic protein (MIP), αA-, αA-ins- and γ-crystallins in the thymi of BALB/c and FVB/N mouse strains. DNA sequence analysis of the thymic MIP and S-Ag transcripts confirmed their identity to the lens ...
Effects of montelukast on patients with asthma after experimental inoculation with human rhinovirus 16

Background Leukotrienes are induced by viral infections. Objectives To determine whether treatment with montelukast would improve asthma disease control in patients with mild allergic asthma during an experimentally induced rhinovirus infection. Methods Patients with mild allergic asthma were randomized to receive treatment with either montelukast or placebo, and 7 days later both groups were inoculated with human rhinovirus 16. Patients were evaluated at baseline, during the acute infection phase, and during the recovery phase for asthma and cold symptoms by questionnaire. Sputum, nasal lavage fluid, and blood were analyzed for viral shedding and cellular inflammation, and peak expiratory flow was measured daily. Results A total of 19 patients (11 in the placebo group and 8 in the active group) completed the study. No significant differences were found in asthma control and cold symptom scores between the control and treatment groups. The change in peak expiratory flow from the randomization to acute illness phase was greater in the placebo group than the treatment group (mean, −22 vs 0 L/min; P = .05). During the recovery phase, the percentage of sputum eosinophils increased in the placebo group and remained at baseline levels in the montelukast group (median, 2.7% vs 0.2%; P = .05 between groups). Conclusions In this pilot study, montelukast did not improve asthma control or cold symptom scores caused by experimental rhinovirus infection. Analysis of secondary outcomes suggests that montelukast may prevent reductions in lung function and increases in sputum eosinophils caused by common cold infections. Further studies are needed to determine whether these effects are associated with clinically significant improvements in health outcomes during natural colds. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00359073.
Compressive measurement for target tracking in persistent, pervasive surveillance applications

Motion tracking in persistent surveillance applications enters an interesting regime when the movers are of a size on the order of the image resolution elements or smaller. In this case, for reasonable scenes, information about the movers is a natively sparse signal - in an observation of a scene at two closely separated time-steps, only a small number of locations (those associated with the movers) will have changed dramatically. Thus, this particular application is well-suited for compressive sensing techniques that attempt to efficiently measure sparse signals. Recently, we have been investigating two different approaches to compressive measurement for this application. The first, differential Combinatorial Group Testing (dCGT), is a natural extension of group testing ideas to situations where signal differences are sparse. The second methodology is an e-1-minimization based recovery approach centered on recent work in random (and designed) multiplex sensing. In this manuscript we will discuss these methods as they apply to the motion tracking problem, discuss various performance limits, present early simulation results, and discuss notional optical architectures for implementing a compressive measurement scheme.
Design of slopes reinforced with geotextiles and geogrids

Abstract The paper presents a design procedure for slopes reinforced with geotextiles and geogrids, modified and expanded from the work of Murray. A bilinear surface of sliding is assumed and consideration can be taken of the pore water pressures and the initial stress conditions in the slope. Charts have been developed to facilitate the solution of the design equations. The charts also show the influence of individual design parameters on the factor of safety, and therefore they can serve as useful design tools. The method can also be used for stability computations of unreinforced natural slopes, with the advantage that the existing in situ stress field can be considered. Guidelines for selecting design parameters are presented, and an example problem is appended to illustrate the method.
The Performance of Open-End, Twistless, and Ring Yarns in Weft Knitted Fabrics:

Open-end, twistless, and ring yarns made from cotton and spun to different twists were knitted into single-jersey fabrics to assess their performance. Further tests at a given twist level for a range of polyester/cotton yarns were also included. A variety of yarn and fabric relaxations were used, and it was evident that unrelieved torque is a prime cause of loop distortion, spirality, and fabric shrinkage. It became apparent that autoclaving the yarns was the best way of reducing twist liveliness and the associated difficulties in manufacturing the fabric; it also improves the properties of the fabric. Properly relaxed, open-end yarn makes a fabric with good appeal, reasonable shrinkage, and acceptable strength and abrasion resistance. Twistless yarns gave good fabric hand, high luster, zero spirality, and little shrinkage, but there was some loss in strength for the fabric tested.
Diet and risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a prospective cohort of women

We conducted a prospective study of diet in relation to the incidence of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a cohort of 73,366 women who were 34 to 59 years old in 1980 and without previous skin or other cancer. During 4 years of follow-up, 771 incident cases of basal cell carcinoma were diagnosed. When adjusted for other risk factors, women in the highest quintile of energy intake were at higher risk of basal cell carcinoma compared with those in the lowest quintile (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.60). No significant associations were observed between risk of basal cell carcinoma and energy-adjusted intake of dietary fat, carotenoids with vitamin A activity, and retinol, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, either with or without supplements. Use of specific vitamin A, C, D, or E supplements, or multivitamins, did not materially alter risk. Although the period of follow-up was relatively short, these data are most consistent with no major role for these nutrients in the etiology of basal cell carcinoma.
A surface ir study of inorganic film formation GaAs, silicon and germanium by aqueous NH4F, and HF

Abstract Hydrofluoric acid buffered with ammonium fluoride (BHF) is a common cleaning-stripping solution used in silicon processing. Little is known of the surface chemistry which occurs as a result of BHF treatment. Surface IR spectroscopy in the multiple internal reflection mode was used to study silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide surfaces treated with BHF. For each of these materials, the BHF not only dissolved the native oxide, but also deposited a film comprising ammonium salts (NH4F and NH4F·HF). These salts subsequently slowly reacted with the semi-conductor substrate to form hexafluorometallate compounds ((NH4)2SiF6, (NH4),GeF6, and (NH4)3GaF6). Although the original ammonium fluoride and bifluoride salts are quite soluble in alcohols as well as aqueous solutions, the hexafluorometallates are completely insoluble in alcohols, and can only be removed by careful water or aqueous acid rinse. The presence of these previously unsuspected films could seriously degrade electronic performance of the materials.
Emission credit trading and the incentive to adopt new pollution abatement technology

Abstract Emission credit trading programs have been advanced as an improvement over command-and-control pollution abatement programs. One advantage claimed for trading is that it increases firms' incentives to develop and adopt more effective pollution control technologies. Within the context of one model that has been used to support this claim, this paper shows that the introduction of trading may actually decrease some firms' incentives to adopt the new technology.
Alice: easy to use interactive 3D graphics

Alice is a rapid prototyping system used to create three dimensional graphics simulations like those seen in virtual reality applications. Alice uses an interpreted language called Python as its scripting language to implement user actions. This interactive development environment allows users to explore many more design options than is possible in a compiled language environment. The alpha version of Alice for Windows 95 is available for free over the intemet, with the beta release scheduled for August.
Fundamental considerations in designing auditory implants.

The usual premise underlying developmental work on cochlear prostheses as prospective cures for profound deafness is that the auditory nerve can be electrically stimulated in such a manner that com...
Performance analysis of the forward link cdma2000 1xEV‐DO evolution for multirate services in cellular wireless system

In this paper, we propose a combined analytical and simulation framework for performance evaluation of the forward link in the cdma2000 evolution for data only (1xEV-DO) cellular systems with throughput and spectral efficiency being used as performance metrics. A closed form expression for the aggregate average throughput is derived in terms of system-dependent parameters and a discrete random process that reflects the stochastic behavior of the transmission channel. The random process is expressed in terms of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the users signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Quantitative results for throughput and spectral efficiency are presented for a variety of users distribution models, base station antenna types and frequency reuse factors for the cases of sectorized and non-sectorized cells. Furthermore, we study the impact of the cell radius on the system performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC.) of Natural Products. III [1]. Isolation of New Tripeptides from the Fermentation Broth of P. Chrysogenum

α-Aminoadipoyl-alanyl-valine, α-aminoadipoyl-serinyl-valine and α-aminoadipoyl-serinyl-isodehydrovaline have been isolated from the fermentation broth of P. chrysogenum. The configuration of α-aminoadipoyl-serinyl-valine has been shown to be L, L, D.
Qualitative and Quantitative Examination of Four Low-Performing Kindergarten English Learners Characteristics of Responsive and Nonresponsive Students

The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth investigation of the four lowest performing students in one kindergarten classroom. The students were provided with 10 weeks of explicit, intensive intervention in phonological awareness skills. Three types of data were collected during the intervention: fluency measures; strategy use to perform phonological awareness tasks; and students' number of responses during instruction. The combination of these data allowed both qualitative and quantitative examination of the characteristics of low-performing students. Low-performing students who were responsive to the intensive instruction differed on each of the aforementioned variables from students who were not responsive.
The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: the Character and Weathering of the Spilled Oil

Abstract On January 30, 2000, an accidental oil release occurred from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline where it crosses over the Rio Desaguadero in Bolivia, South America. This paper addresses the composition of the spilled oil and the unique weathering processes that occurred after the spill. Samples of oil, oiled sediment, water, and vegetation were collected from the riverbank and surrounding areas for approximately one year after the initial release. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the weathered product. Laboratory studies were also performed to evaluate the maximum extent of evaporation of the pipeline oil, and the extent of water solubility. Based on these chemical analyses, several conclusions were reached: • There was a rapid and substantial loss of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) oil fractions. • The BTEX and PAH losses were due primarily to evaporation. • The stranded residual oil consisted primarily of heavy, immobile hydrocarbons. • Photooxidation of PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, was observed. • A unique weathering mechanism was observed that selectively removed mid-range hydrocarbons (C20 through C39) from the bulk oil. • The overall environmental risk of the spilled oil has been reduced due to the extensive weathering of the oil.
Erectile dysfunction in urethral stricture and pelvic fracture urethral injury patients: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

Urethral stricture disease, pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI), and their various treatment options are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). The etiology of urethral stricture disease is multifactorial and includes trauma, inflammatory, and iatrogenic causes. Posterior urethral injuries are commonly associated with pelvic fractures. There is a spectrum in the severity of both conditions and this directly impacts the treatment options offered by the surgeon. Many published studies focus on the treatment outcomes and the relatively high recurrence rates after surgical repair. This communication reviews the current knowledge of the association between ED and urethral stricture disease, as well as PFUI. The incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical ramifications of both conditions on sexual function are discussed. The treatment options for ED in those patients are reviewed and summarized.
Shell impedance conditions for steady state and transient eddy current problems

Surface impedance techniques are discussed as a useful means of predicting fields in eddy-current problems, since they circumvent the need to model the conducting regions themselves. Their use has been limited to steady-state problems, where the characteristic field penetration depth is much less than the conductor thickness. The technique is extended to more general problems involving thin-wall conductors and transient problems. The focus is on shell structures. Transient fields are shown for the infinite cylinder and spherical shells placed in a step function field. >
Technical Decision‐Making with Higher Order Structure Data: Starting a New Dialogue

Characterization of the higher order structure (HOS) of biological products has been growing in importance in recent years. Scientists in the biopharmaceutical industry, academic researchers, and regulators are all increasingly aware of the critical role that HOS plays in maintaining the stability and intended biological function of biopharmaceutical products. We organized a consortium of scientists and researchers from industry and academic institutions to address how HOS data can be used most effectively to drive decisions during product development. In this commentary, we introduce the purpose, objectives, and scope of the consortium and then provide some brief points to consider in the context of characterizing HOS of biopharmaceutical products. Scientific advances in HOS analysis, as well as continued dialogue among academia, industry, and regulatory agencies will ensure that appropriate methodologies are used to inform technical decision-making during biopharmaceutical development.
Second approximation methods for determining the relaxation time spectrum of a viscoelastic material

Abstract Second-approximation methods are given for deriving the distribution function of relaxation times of a viscoelastic material from experimental measurements of stress relaxation after sudden strain, stress relaxation after cessation of steady-state flow, the real and imaginary parts of the complex dynamic rigidity, and the real part of the complex dynamic viscosity. The numerical coefficients required for the calculations are tabulated, and the methods are illustrated by application to experimental data on solutions of polyvinyl acetate.
Land use change monitoring in Maryland using a probabilistic sample and rapid photointerpretation

The U.S. state of Maryland needs to monitor land use change in order to address land management objectives. This paper presents a change detection method that, through automation and standard geographic information system (GIS) techniques, facilitates the estimation of landscape change via photointerpretation. Using the protocols developed, we show a net loss of forest land, with losses due primarily to urban development and most gains in forest land coming from agricultural land conversions. This study indicates that about 75,000 photo plots would be needed to estimate land use change in Maryland at the county-level, assuming a uniform sampling intensity and a maximum desired county-level sampling error of 20 percent, with an estimated time requirement of 125 h. The protocol we present for designing, planning and conducting a photointerpretation-based land use change procedure can be used by other regions and is well suited for land use change monitoring, assuming that analysis of opportunity costs suggests that existing or new remotely sensed imagery classifications do not meet user needs.
FROZEN WHOLE EGGS FOR SCRAMBLING

SUMMARY Commercially blended, pasteurized liquid whole eggs were used for resting methods of preparing products that would be suitable for scrambling after frozen storage. The eggs were subjected to separate end combined effects of homogenizing, colloid milling, mixing end addition of various levels of liquid skim milk, salt, sugar or dextrose. After removal from frozen storage the products were thawed end evaluated for the effect of treatment on appearance, viscosity end sweetness. Products were developed having good appearance end low viscosity with a low enough level of sweetness to prevent detection.
Internal Structure and Development Processes of C-Scale Aggregates of Cumulus Clouds

Abstract Law echoes (C-scale in GATE terminology., approximately 100 to 10 000 km2) seem to produce most of the precipitation that occurs in tropical systems. These large echoes are seen to last several hours and comprise many smaller and short-lived cells that grow and die within their bounds or are merged with them. In this paper, quantitative GATE radar data are used to statistically characterize these composite echoes as a whole, and to study their internal structure, formation and development processes. In addition, statistics of the individual cells making up the composite echoes are presented. These are compared to similar data for cells that develop individually away from the aggregates. In this way, some information is obtained about the duration, rain-producing ability and the size of those cells that merge to form larger groups compared to those clouds that form, develop and die relatively independently of one another.
Prolactin-induced mitogenesis of lymphocytes from ovariectomized rats.

PRL can induce interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression in splenocytes from ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. In this further study of the effects of PRL on lymphocytes in vitro we found that PRL induced IL-2 receptor expression, IL-2 production, and proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes from OVX rats. Cells from male rats were not affected. The proliferative response, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, depended on the concentration of PRL and the presence of adherent cells in the culture. After a 48-h incubation with PRL (1 μg/ml), splenocytes from OVX rats incorporated essentially the same amount of [3H]thymidine as cells incubated with the polyclonal T-cell mitogen Concanavalin-A (ConA). As determined by autoradiography, approximately 40% of the splenocytes responded to PRL or to ConA. After incubation of splenocytes and thymocytes with PRL, bioactive IL-2 was detected in culture medium only from cells of OVX female rats, while incubation with ConA caused IL-2 production by lymphocytes f...
State Feminism and the Basque Women's Movement: Transforming Gender Relations in the Home

This article explores the social and historical circumstances that contributed to the institutionalization of the Spanish Basque women's movement and in turn contributed to the development of a particular type of state feminism. In this context, state feminism is defined as the relationship between government political action directed at women through public institutions and the diffusion of the women's movement at the local level. State feminism is examined in relation to systems of gender relations and the division between the public and private domains. The day to day activities of the contemporary women's association, Mother of Alava, illustrates the ways government programs combine wih the mobilization of women at the local level to promote gender equality.
Hemodynamics of intestinal circulation.

The pressure-flow relationship was studied in isolated denervated intestinal loops of the dog in a range of pressure varying from 0 to 240 mm. Hg. The relationship was curvilinear, convex to the pressure axis. Flow started at a minimal pressure of 16 mm. Hg, then increased more rapidly than pressure up to 240 mm. Hg. Critical closure, passive expansion of vessels with rising intraluminal pressure, and anomalous viscosity of blood appeared to be the important factors influencing vascular resistance and flow in the present studies.
Letter to the Editor-Solution of a Combinatorial Problem by Dynamic Programming

A combinatorial problem to determine the least cost of a matrix configuration is solved by dynamic programming. In particular, the application of an algorithm based on an approximation in policy space yields a least-cost configuration consistent with the initial matrix configuration. While the optimization is local in character because of its dependence on the initial matrix configuration, the optimization may be extended to approach global optimization by consideration of a variety of initial matrix configurations. The method lends itself readily to finding the hierachy of configurations ranging from the least to the most expensive.
Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set

Zernike polynomials provide a well known, orthogonal set of scalar functions over a circular domain, and are commonly used to represent wavefront phase or surface irregularity. A related set of orthogonal functions is given here which represent vector quantities, such as mapping distortion or wavefront gradient. Previously, we have developed a basis of functions generated from gradients of Zernike polynomials. Here, we complete the basis by adding a complementary set of functions with zero divergence – those which are defined locally as a rotation or curl.
τ-Interferon: Pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants

SummaryThe ovine uterus provides an excellent in vivo model system for the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Type I IFN and steroid hormone regulation of hormone receptor gene expression in an epitheliomesenchymal organ. Future experiments will be directed toward determining the signal transduction pathway activated by IFN-τ and mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression. These experiments include (i) cloning the Type I IFN receptor found on the endometrial luminal and superficial glandular epithelium; (ii) eluciding the signal transduction pathway activated by IFN-τ binding to the Type I IFN receptor; (iii) cloning and structural analysis of the ovine ER and OTR genes; (iv) determining mechanisms regulating transcription of the ovine ER and OTR genes, particularly those involving both IFN-τ and progesterone; (v) determining the role(s) of IFN-τ-induced proteins (e.g., Mx protein) in establishment of pregnancy; and (vi) investigating conceptus-endometrial and epithelial-stromal i...
INF2 is an endoplasmic reticulum-associated formin protein

In addition to its ability to accelerate filament assembly, which is common to formins, INF2 is a formin protein with the unique biochemical ability to accelerate actin filament depolymerization. The depolymerization activity of INF2 requires its actin monomer-binding WASP homology 2 (WH2) motif. In this study, we show that INF2 is peripherally bound to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Swiss 3T3 cells. Both endogenous INF2 and GFP-fusion constructs display ER localization. INF2 is post-translationally modified by a C-terminal farnesyl group, and this modification is required for ER interaction. However, farnesylation is not sufficient for ER association, and membrane extraction experiments suggest that ionic interactions are also important. The WH2 motif also serves as a diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD), which binds to the N-terminal diaphanous inhibitory domain (DID), with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.1 μM. Surprisingly, the DID-DAD interaction does not inhibit the actin nucleation activity of INF2; however, it does inhibit the depolymerization activity. Point mutations to the DAD/WH2 inhibit both the DID-DAD interaction and depolymerization activity. Expression of GFP-INF2 containing these DAD/WH2 mutations causes the ER to collapse around the nucleus, with accumulation of actin filaments around the collapsed ER. This study is the first to show the association of an actin-assembly factor with the ER.
Depressive Symptoms and Prosocial Behavior After Participation in a Bullying Prevention Program

The present study examined the effectiveness of a bullying prevention program. The responses of 270 fifth grade students on the Peer Relations Questionnaire, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Pro-social Tendencies Scale were examined before and after participating in the program. Students in the Bully, Bully-Victim, and Neither groups had lower CDI scores than students in the Victim group, but there was not a significant change from pretest to posttest in these groups. Prosocial scores of victims and students who were neither bullies nor victims increased from pretest to posttest. In addition, the number of self-reported victims decreased and the number of self-reported bullies increased. These findings have implications for those who are developing or currently presenting bullying prevention programs.
Analysis of winter wheat stripe rust characteristic spectrum and establishing of inversion models

In this study, the selection method of characteristic spectral band and the establishing of inversion model to monitor winter wheat stripe rust using hyperspectral data is discussed. The correlation coefficients between the DI (disease incidence) at different stages of infection and the initial canopy reflectance spectral and the derivative of the reflectance spectrum were compared, respectively. The results showed that the derivative of the reflectance spectra has reached higher significant level with the DI than the initial reflectance spectral data. The initial reflectance in the visible light 680 nm wavelength and the near infrared 976 nm, 1010 nm wavelength were selected to do regression with the DI of winter wheat stripe rust. And some inversion models between the DI and the hyperspectral data or its conversion patterns like NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index), RVI (Ratio vegetation index), TVI (Transformed vegetation index) and its differential values of the canopy spectral reflectance data to monitor winter wheat stripe rust were established. Meanwhile, those correlation coefficients were compared respectively, of which we found the pattern of vegetation index has more efficient commonly than initial canopy spectral reflectance data by aggression analysis with the DI. The paper also suggested that the possibility of developing a special visible/near-infrared sensor for the detection of the DI of winter wheat stripe rust theoretically. Else, the SRSI (stripe rust stress index) mechanism model was presented for the first time in this paper
High-order representation of Poincaré maps

A method to obtain DA approximations of Poincare maps directly from a DA approximation of the flow of the differential equation for certain types of flows and Poincare sections is presented. Examples of the performance of the method, its computational implementation, and its use for problems in beam physics are given.
Quantitative Assessment of the T2 Relaxation Time of the Gluteus Muscles in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a Comparative Study Before and After Steroid Treatment

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using T2 mapping as a quantitative method to longitudinally follow the disease activity in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who are treated with steroids. Materials and Methods: Eleven boys with DMD (age range: 5-14 years) underwent evaluation with the clinical functional score (CFS), and conventional pelvic MRI and T2 mapping before and during steroid therapy. The gluteus muscle inflammation and fatty infiltration were evaluated on conventional MRI. The histograms and mean T2 relaxation times were obtained from the T2 maps. The CFS, the conventional MRI findings and the T2 values were compared before and during steroid therapy. Results: None of the patients showed interval change of their CFSs. On conventional MRI, none of the images showed muscle inflammation. During steroid treatment, two boys showed increased fatty infiltration on conventional MRI, and both had an increase of the mean T2 relaxation time (p < 0.05). The remaining nine boys had no increase in fatty infiltration. Of these, three showed an increased mean T2 relaxation time (p < 0.05), two showed no change and four showed a decreased mean T2 relaxation time (p < 0.05). Conclusion: T2 mapping is a feasible technique to evaluate the longitudinal muscle changes in those children who receive steroid therapy for DMD. The differences of the mean T2 relaxation time may reflect alterations in disease activity, and even when the conventional MRI and CFS remain stable.
Trapped internal gravity waves in a geostrophic boundary current

The effect of a geostrophic boundary current on internal gravity waves is studied with a reduced-gravity model. We found that the boundary current not only modifies the coastal Kelvin wave, but also forms wave guides for short internal gravity waves. The combined effects of current shear, the boundary, and the slope of the interface create the trapping mechanism. These trapped internal gravity waves appear as groups of discrete zonal modes. They have wavelengths comparable to or shorter than the internal Rossby radius of deformation. Their phase speeds are close to that of the internal Kelvin wave. However, they can propagate both in, or opposite to, the direction of the Kelvin wave. The results of the present work suggest the possibility of finding an energetic internal gravity wave phenomenon with near-inertial frequency in a broad geostrophic boundary current.
ACCURACY POTENTIAL AND APPLICATIONS OF MIDAS AERIAL OBLIQUE CAMERA SYSTEM

Abstract. Airborne oblique cameras such as Fairchild T-3A were initially used for military reconnaissance in 30s. A modern professional digital oblique camera such as MIDAS (Multi-camera Integrated Digital Acquisition System) is used to generate lifelike three dimensional to the users for visualizations, GIS applications, architectural modeling, city modeling, games, simulators, etc. Oblique imagery provide the best vantage for accessing and reviewing changes to the local government tax base, property valuation assessment, buying & selling of residential/commercial for better decisions in a more timely manner. Oblique imagery is also used for infrastructure monitoring making sure safe operations of transportation, utilities, and facilities. Sanborn Mapping Company acquired one MIDAS from TrackAir in 2011. This system consists of four tilted (45 degrees) cameras and one vertical camera connected to a dedicated data acquisition computer system. The 5 digital cameras are based on the Canon EOS 1DS Mark3 with Zeiss lenses. The CCD size is 5,616 by 3,744 (21 MPixels) with the pixel size of 6.4 microns. Multiple flights using different camera configurations (nadir/oblique (28 mm/50 mm) and (50 mm/50 mm)) were flown over downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. Boresight fights for 28 mm nadir camera were flown at 600 m and 1,200 m and for 50 mm nadir camera at 750 m and 1500 m. Cameras were calibrated by using a 3D cage and multiple convergent images utilizing Australis model. In this paper, the MIDAS system is described, a number of real data sets collected during the aforementioned flights are presented together with their associated flight configurations, data processing workflow, system calibration and quality control workflows are highlighted and the achievable accuracy is presented in some detail. This study revealed that the expected accuracy of about 1 to 1.5 GSD (Ground Sample Distance) for planimetry and about 2 to 2.5 GSD for vertical can be achieved. Remaining systematic errors were modeled by analyzing residuals using correction grid. The results of the final bundle adjustments are sufficient to enable Sanborn to produce DEM/DTM and orthophotos from the nadir imagery and create 3D models using georeferenced oblique imagery.
Review of Continuous-Infusion Vancomycin:

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of administering vancomycin as a continuous infusion.DATA SOURCES:Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1977-September 2012), Embase (1977-September 2012), and Google Scholar, using the terms vancomycin, continuous, discontinuous, infusion, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and nephrotoxicity. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Studies including more than 30 adults were included in the safety and efficacy review.DATA SYNTHESIS:Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin is commonly prescribed for invasive MRSA infections and has been traditionally administered as an intermittent infusion. Administering vancomycin as a continuous infusion is a novel approach to improving its efficacy and safety profile. Fourteen cli...
Are We There Yet? Gender and Equality in Couple Relationships

In this concluding chapter, we look back at the perspectives and evidence put forth during Penn State’s 22nd Annual Symposium on Family Issues and in this volume, and reflect on some of the questions that were at the heart of the discussion: How have marriage and couple relationships changed for men and women? How could they be better? What do changes in marriage and couple relationships mean for policymakers and researchers? We conclude that marriage is still a gendered institution, though not as much as when Jessie Bernard demonstrated that marriage was better for men than for women in her 1972 book The Future of Marriage. We also find that historical changes in the gendered benefits of marriage and couple relationships are shaped by race/ethnicity, class, and sexual identity. We argue that, in order for marriage to continue to improve for both men and women, policy shifts and research must address the needs of individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Progress, design guidelines, and applications

Until the mid-1980s, mainly biologists were conducting peptide research. This changed with discoveries that opened new paths of research involving the use of peptides in bioengineering, biotechnology, biomedicine, nanotechnology, and bioelectronics. Peptide engineering and rational design of novel peptide sequences with unique and tailor-made properties further expanded the field. The discovery of short self-assembling peptides, which upon association form well-defined supramolecular architectures, created new and exciting areas of research. Depending on the amino acid sequence, the pH, and the type of the electrolyte in the medium, peptide self-assembly leads to the formation of nanofibers, which are further organized to form a hydrogel. In this review, the application of ionic complementary peptides which self-assemble to form nanofiber hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will be discussed through a selective presentation of the most important work performed during the last 25 years.
The messenger and the message: gp96 (GRP94)-peptide interactions in cellular immunity.

Vaccination of mice with tumor-derived stress proteins, such as Hsp70 and gp96 (GRP94), can elicit antitumor immune responses, yielding a marked suppression of tumor growth and metastasis. The molecular basis for this response is proposed to reflect a peptide-binding function for these proteins. In this view, stress proteins bind the antigenic peptide repertoire of their parent cell, and when provided to the immune system, tumor-derived stress protein- peptide complexes are processed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to yield the subsequent activation of tumor- directed cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. This model predicts that stress proteins, whose primary intracellular function concerns the proper folding and assembly of nascent polypeptides, intersect with the cellular pathways responsible for the generation, processing, or assembly (or all) of peptide antigens onto nascent major histocompatability class I molecules. Recent insights into the pathways for peptide generation now allow this hypothesis to be critically examined, which is the subject of this review.
NMR and Computational Studies of Ba8Ga16Sn30 Clathrates

We have synthesized type-VIII and type-I Ba8Ga16Sn30 clathrates by using different annealing treatments, confirmed with XRD and electron microprobe measurements. NMR lineshape measurements identified a broad resonance corresponding to first-order-shifted satellites. Simulations for the type I structure based on first principles calculations provided an excellent fit to the data, with the best agreement provided by the calculated lowest-energy configuration, having no Ga-Ga bonds. These results allow us to address local configurations within the random type-I alloy, as well as atomic displacements and bond-length distributions, which we compare to experiment.
WISC-IV In Detection of Epilepsy-Related Cognitive Impairments

Researchers at Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, and Epilepsy Center, New York University, NY analyzed WISC-IV scores from 212 children, 106 with epilepsy (46 girls, 60 boys; mean age 11 years), and 106 controls matched for age, gender, ethnicity, and parental education.