cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does the Law Encourage Unethical Conduct in the Securities Industry

This article explores business conduct in the securities industry in light of behavioral tendencies uncovered by researchers in the fields of psychology and organizational behavior. The thesis is that the nature of legal regimes imposed in the securities industry encourage rather than discourage unethical decisions. The American Law Institute's Principles of Corporate Governance require a corporation to comply with legal mandates regardless of the adverse effects compliance may have on profits. Moreover, the comments to the Principles of Corporate Governance make it clear that corporations must not only seek technical compliance with the law but should base their decisions on the goal of serving the policies and purposes behind the particular legal mandate. Legal conduct is thus differentiated from ethical conduct with the latter encompassing the commitment to a law's underlying purpose. Yet the securities industry's actual conduct has not reflected such a commitment. Instead legal mandates are evaded and, at times, ignored. This paper begins with an examination of recent examples of such unethical conduct, including a discussion of possibly fraudulent conduct on the part of industry securities analysts. It then explores why such conduct is deemed to be reasonable under the legal regime faced by the industry. First securities law mandates are vague. Such vagueness leads to the behavioral tendency of denial - denial that a violation has occurred and denial of responsibility for possible adverse effects (e.g. losses suffered by investors). It also leads to the tendency to invoke cost-benefit evaluations in deciding on a course of conduct. However, for many profitable ventures cost-benefit evaluations do not favor commitment to the law's purpose, i.e. do not favor commitment to ethical conduct. Second, courts have imposed numerous prerequisites to the imposition of any sanction, e.g. proof of scienter and causation, that are very difficult and at times nearly impossible to satisfy. This leads to a tendency toward technical compliance with and even evasion of the law's mandate. Corporate behavioral tendencies are explored by examining industry practices and reactions to accusations of wrongdoing.
Nutrition in the intensive care unit

Nutrition has evolved into an integral part of modern critical care for both medical and surgical patients. Multiple international societies now issue evidence-based guidelines to help clinician optimize their patients’ Nutrition. However, adherence to these guidelines throughout the country is poor, and education in nutrition is still lagging in medical school. The authors also highlight four key areas where evidence-based recommendations exist – timing of initiation of enteral feeding, calculating and meeting total daily requirements, use of gastric residual volumes to guide delivery, and interuption of feeding for procedures – but are currently often not followed. Reasons for this lack of adherence are explored, and potential solutions discussed.
Alabama Ground Operations During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment

The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign investigates the impact of deep, midlatitude convective clouds, including their dynamical, physical and lighting processes, on upper tropospheric composition and chemistry. DC3 science operations took place from 14 May to 30 June 2012. The DC3 field campaign utilized instrumented aircraft and ground ]based observations. The NCAR Gulfstream ]V (GV) observed a variety of gas ]phase species, radiation and cloud particle characteristics in the high ]altitude outflow of storms while the NASA DC ]8 characterized the convective inflow. Groundbased radar networks were used to document the kinematic and microphysical characteristics of storms. In order to study the impact of lightning on convective outflow composition, VHF ]based lightning mapping arrays (LMAs) provided detailed three ]dimensional measurements of flashes. Mobile soundings were utilized to characterize the meteorological environment of the convection. Radar, sounding and lightning observations were also used in real ]time to provide forecasting and mission guidance to the aircraft operations. Combined aircraft and ground ]based observations were conducted at three locations, 1) northeastern Colorado, 2) Oklahoma/Texas and 3) northern Alabama, to study different modes of deep convection in a variety of meteorological and chemical environments. The objective of this paper is to summarize the Alabama ground operations and provide a preliminary assessment of the ground ]based observations collected over northern Alabama during DC3. The multi ] Doppler, dual ]polarization radar network consisted of the UAHuntsville Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR), the UAHuntsville Mobile Alabama X ]band (MAX) radar and the Hytop (KHTX) Weather Surveillance Radar 88 Doppler (WSR ]88D). Lightning frequency and structure were observed in near real ]time by the NASA MSFC Northern Alabama LMA (NALMA). Pre ]storm and inflow proximity soundings were obtained with the UAHuntsville mobile sounding unit and the Redstone Arsenal (QAG) morning sounding.
Intrinsic magnetic properties in doped Ce 2 Co 17 and CeFe 11 Ti systems

Origin of MA in pure Ce 2 Co 17 : It had been argued that the dumbbell Co sites in Ce 2 Co 17 have very negative contribution to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) [2], however a quantitative analysis of MA using DFT in this system is lacking. Using DFT, we resolve the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) into sublattice and investigate how MAE evolves when structure changes from CeCo 5 to Ce 2 Co 17 . By evaluating the matrix element of spin-orbit coupling energy [3], we confirmed that the dumbbell Co sites have a very negative contribution to PMA. We found that the pure Co basal plane no longer supports PMA as it did in CeCo 5 and its contribution to PMA becomes negligible or even slightly negative. The Ce-Co basal plane almost entirely provides the PMA in Ce 2 Co 17 .
On the isothermal motion of a phase interface

A recent series of papers (Gurtin [I-8], Angenent and Gurtin [4]) began an investigation whose goal is a thermomechanics of two-phase continua based on Gibbs's notion of a sharp phase-interface endowed with thermomechanical structure. In [I] a new balance law, balance of capillary forces, was introduced and then applied in conjunction with suitable statements of the first two laws of thermodynamics; the chief results are thermodynamic restrictions on constitutive equations, exact and approximate free-boundary conditions at the interface, and a h~6rarchy of free-boundary problems. The simplest versions of these problems (the Mullins-Sekerka problems) are essentially the classical Stefan problem with the free-boundary condition u:O for the temperature replaced by the condition u=hK, where K is the mean curvature of the free-boundary and h>O is a material constant. This dependence on curvature renders the problem difficult, and apart from numerical studies involving linearization-stability, there are almost no supporting theoretical results. For perfect conductors the theory is far more tractable; there the temperature is constant, and the underlying free-boundary problem reduces to a single set of evolution equations for the interface. The paper [4] develops further this theory of perfect conductors for interfaces that evolve as curves in IR 2. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the chief results of [I] and [4]. For convenience, we follow [4] and restrict attention to the isothermal evolution of interfacial curves in ~2.
Determination of the Initiation and Propagation Mechanism of Fireside Corrosion

A variety of deposit compositions were examined in short-term laboratory tests with the aim of determining the corrosion mechanisms of fireside corrosion for a range of chromia-forming alloys in various combustion systems. The deposits formed in boilers are complex, and despite decades of study, the propagation mechanism of fireside corrosion is not well understood. Alkali iron trisulfates, which are stabilized by SO3 in the gas atmosphere, have been cited to be the major corrosive species for many years. The propagation mechanism for fireside corrosion was investigated using T92 (a typical ferritic boiler steel) and a model austenitic Fe–Ni–Cr alloy in contact with synthetic coal ash deposits. The metal loss, corrosion product morphologies, and compositions were carefully characterized to define a propagation mechanism. The corrosive species responsible for degradation was a (Na,K)2SO4–Fe2(SO4)3 solution and not alkali iron trisulfates. The formation of the liquid deposit is similar to Type II hot corrosion of components in gas turbine engines. The mechanism is a synergistic dissolution process, where simultaneous basic and acidic dissolution of protective Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 disrupts protective oxide formation and locally produces negative solubility gradients at the oxide/salt interface. The dissolved Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 precipitate where there is lower solubility, creating the observed corrosion products. The effect of the deposit composition was examined with respect to the proposed fireside corrosion mechanism. These measurements were found to be consistent with the proposed mechanism based on synergistic fluxing.
CIS, a low energy injector for the IUCF cooler

Construction has begun on a low energy booster synchrotron to replace the IUCF isochronous cyclotrons for the injection of polarized light ions into the existing 3.6 T-m electron-cooled storage ring (cooler). CIS (cooler injector synchrotron), with a circumference of 1/5th the cooler ring, will provide /spl ges/2.5/spl middot/10/sup 10/ polarized protons (deuterons) per pulse at 1 Hz for cooler injection. Bucket-to-bucket beam transfer from CIS to the cooler operating on the 5th harmonic will fill the cooler with 10/sup 11/ protons in 5 sec. The higher intensity and improved duty cycle will enhance the range and quality of experimental nuclear physics research programs using cooler beams.
Sign detection and comparison networks with a small number of transitions

We present an approach to reducing the average number of signal transitions (T,,) in the design of sign-detection and comparison of magnitudes. Our approach reduces T/sub av/ from 21n/8 (n-operand precision in bits) to 4.5 in the case of iterative implementation, and from about n to roughly k+n/2/sup k-1/ in the tree network implemented with k-bit modules. We also discuss comparison of small numbers. The approach is applicable to other arithmetic problems. >
Effects of age and experience on reproductive performance of captive red wolves (Canis rufus)

Propagation programs contribute to the conservation of a species by preserving genetic and demographic stock that may be used to reinforce or re-establish wild populations. Identifying traits that affect reproductive success is essential to achieve this goal. Longitudinal reproductive events of the captive population of endangered red wolves (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) were investigated to determine whether parental age, breeding experience, and rearing type were factors in reproduction, litter size, and sex ratio, as well as viability of offspring. Younger wolves were more likely to reproduce and produce larger litters than were older individuals. The age of the female, but not the male, had a negative effect on pup survival. Wolves that had prior experience in offspring production were more likely to reproduce again than were individuals that had no prior reproductive success, but prior sexual experience alone was not a factor in offspring production. Parental breeding experience had a negative effect on pup survival, but no apparent relationships with litter size or sex ratio. Declines in reproduction, fitness, and survival with advancing age suggest the effect is due to senescence, the onset of which occurs at 8 years of age in females. The results are consistent with the breeding-experience hypothesis.
40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of cleavage formation in tuffs during anchizonal metamorphism

40Ar/39Ar incremental-release analyses were carried out on whole-rock and constituent white mica (illite)-rich size fractions (0.63–1 to 6.3–20 μm) within two very-low grade, penetratively cleaved metatuffs of contrasting anchizonal metamorphic grade (northeastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Federal Republic of Germany). One sample from the upper anchizone displays internally concordant 40Ar/39Ar spectra with plateau ages ranging between ca. 316 and 325 Ma. These are similar to conventional K-Ar ages determined for the whole-rock and size fractions. Together the isotopic results suggest that cleavage formed at ca. 320 Ma during a concomitant very-low grade metamorphism. This is consistent with biostratigraphic controls which suggest that metamorphism and cleavage formation occurred during the Westphalian. A metatuff sample from the middle anchizone records more internally discordant 40Ar/39Ar age spectra with total-gas ages ranging from 366 to 372 Ma. These are ca. 35–45 Ma older than corresponding conventional K-Ar ages, indicating marked recoil-loss of 39Ar occurred during irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that white mica grains within size fractions from the upper anchizone sample have clearly defined, straight edges whereas those within the middle anchizone samples are embayed and diffuse. This results in an increase in surface/volume ratio and therefore greater susceptibility for recoil-loss of 39Ar in the middle anchizone sample. Grain-edge morphology appears to be a major factor in determining the extent of recoil-loss of 39Ar during 40Ar/39Ar analysis of fine-grained size fractions.
Proton NMR study of the cytochrome c:flavodoxin electron transfer complex.

The effects of complex formation with flavodoxin on the proton NMR spectrum of cytochrome c are to change the resonance frequencies and to increase the bandwidths of most of the low and high field heme, Met-80, and His-18 protons. These effects are, in general, more pronounced than has been reported for other cytochrome c complexes. The degree of line broadening for many heme related resonances suggests that complex formation induces changes in the cytochrome structure. These results provide the first spectroscopic evidence which corroborates the proposed model for the cytochrome c:flavodoxin complex (1–3).
Two-year incidence and predictors of future knee arthroplasty in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: Preliminary analysis of longitudinal data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Objective There is little evidence to guide physicians when discussing future likelihood of knee arthroplasty with patients who have symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Data from Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) was used to determine the incidence of and predictors for knee arthroplasty.
Abstract 2391: USP7 deubiquitinates XPC in response to ultraviolet light irradiation

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Ultraviolet light (UV)-induced Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) protein ubiquitination is mediated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UV damaged-DNA binding protein. Here, we report that ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) deubiquitinates XPC during NER. We have demonstrated that transiently compromising cellular USP7, by siRNA or specific inhibitor HBX41108, leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated forms of XPC. However, complete USP7 disruption causes an ubiquitin-mediated XPC degradation upon cellular irradiation. We show that USP7 interacts with XPC in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of wild-type USP7, but not its catalytically inactive or interaction-defective mutants, reduces ubiquitinated forms of XPC. Importantly, USP7 efficiently deubiquitinates XPC-ubiquitin conjugates in deubiquitination assays in vitro. We further showed that valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 is required for UV-induced XPC degradation in USP7-deficient cells. VCP/p97 is readily recruited to DNA damage sites and co-localizes with XPC. Inhibition of VCP/p97 causes an accumulation of ubiquitinated XPC on DNA damaged chromatin. Moreover, USP7 disruption severely impairs the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and, to a lesser extent, affects the repair of 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP). Taken together, our findings have uncovered an important role of USP7 in regulating NER via deubiquitinating XPC and by preventing its VCP/p97-regulated proteolysis (This work was supported by grants from NIH). Citation Format: Jinshan He, Qianzheng Zhu, Nidhi Sharma, Gulzar Wani, Chunhua Han, Jiang Qian, Kyle Pentz, Qi-en Wang, Altaf A Wani. USP7 deubiquitinates XPC in response to ultraviolet light irradiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2391
Open-loop shape control for continuous microelectromechanical system deformable mirror

We characterize the errors associated with open-loop control of a microelectromechanical system deformable mirror (DM) using an approach that combines sparse calibration of the electrostatic actuator state space with an elastic plate model of the mirror facesheet. We quantify sources of measurement error and modeling error and demonstrate that the DM can be shaped in a single step to a tolerance of ∼8nm of that achievable with iterative feedback-based closed-loop control. Zernike polynomials with up to 2.5μm amplitude were made with this approach and yielded a shape error of <25nm rms in most cases. Residual errors were shown to be due primarily to spatial resolution limits inherent in the DM (e.g., uncontrollable errors).
Cryoscience: Snowfall brightens Antarctic future

Snowpacks absorb more sunlight as they warm. The Antarctic Plateau may buck this trend over the twenty-first century as increased snowfall there inhibits the snowpack from dimming.
Metrics for Assessing Cytoskeletal Orientational Correlations and Consistency

In biology, organization at multiple scales potentiates biological function. Current advances in staining and imaging of biological tissues provide a wealth of data, but there are few metrics to quantitatively describe these findings. In particular there is a need for a metric that would characterize the correlation and consistency of orientation of different biological constructs within a tissue. We aimed to create such a metric and to demonstrate its use with images of cardiac tissues. The co-orientational order parameter (COOP) was based on the mathematical framework of a classical parameter, the orientational order parameter (OOP). Theorems were proven to illustrate the properties and boundaries of the COOP, which was then applied to both synthetic and experimental data. We showed the COOP to be useful for quantifying the correlation of orientation of constructs such as actin filaments and sarcomeric Z-lines. As expected, cardiac tissues showed perfect correlation between actin filaments and Z-lines. We also demonstrated the use of COOP to quantify the consistency of construct orientation within cells of the same shape. The COOP provides a quantitative tool to characterize tissues beyond co-localization or single construct orientation distribution. In the future, this new parameter could be used to represent the quantitative changes during maturation of cardiac tissue, pathological malformation, and other processes.
Optimal distributed controllers realizable over any arbitrary delay networks

We study the notion of network realizability which is the property of a system to be expressed as sub-systems interacting over a given network. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an optimal network-realizable controller that can stabilize a networked plant while minimizing the H2 norm of the closed-loop transfer function under the constraint that both plant and controller are linear networked systems interacting over a given directed delay network. We extend the notion of network realizability from [1], [2] to systems over a broader class of delay networks and analyze the structure of network realizable systems. Using these structural properties, we characterize the set of all stabilizing controllers that are realizable over the given delay network using the Youla parametrization. The H2 control problem is then cast as a convex optimization problem and its solution is shown to provide the optimal distributed controller over the given delay network. The results of this paper allow one to model, analyze and design systems over arbitrary directed delay networks.
Routing high-bandwidth traffic in max-min fair share networks

We study how to improve the throughput of high-bandwidth traffic such as large file transfers in a network where resources are fairly shared among connections. While it is possible to devise priority or reservation-based schemes that give high-bandwidth traffic preferential treatment at the expense of other connections, we focus on the use of routing algorithms that improve resource allocation while maintaining max-min fair share semantics. In our approach, routing is closely coupled with congestion control in the sense that congestion information, such as the rates allocated to existing connections, is used by the routing algorithm. To reduce the amount of routing information that must be distributed, an abstraction of the congestion information is introduced. Using an extensive set of simulation, we identify a link-cost or cost metric for "shortest-path" routing that performs uniformly better than the minimal-hop routing and shortest-widest path routing algorithms. To further improve throughput without reducing the fair share of single-path connections, we propose a novel prioritized multi-path routing algorithm in which low priority paths share the bandwidth left unused by higher priority paths. This leads to a conservative extension of max-min fairness called prioritized multi-level max-min fairness. Simulation results confirm the advantages of our multi-path routing algorithm.
Dehalogenation of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) by anaerobic bacteria from marine sediments and by sulfate-reducing bacteria

Marine sediments from around burrows of Saccoglossus kowalevskii, a tribromopyrrole-producing marine hemichordate, were used to develop anaerobic enrichment cultures supplemented with lindane and a mixture of short chain fatty acids. These enrichments consumed lindane and both monochlorobenzene and benzene were detected as transformation products. Cultures transferred to sediment-free media containing citrate, lactate, yeast extract and sulfate also dehalogenated lindane. Lindane transformation was inhibited by the addition of molybdate. Lindane loss was not observed when the enrichment was cultured on lactate and citrate in the absence of sulfate, suggesting that sulfate-reducing bacteria transform lindane. Monochlorobenzene and benzene were identified as two transformation products in the lactate, citrate and sulfate enrichment culture. Pure cultures were used in order to confirm the ability of sulfate-reducing bacteria to dehalogenate lindane. Cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio gigas ATCC 19364, Desulfovibrio africanus ATCC 19997 and Desulfococcus multivorans ATCC 33890 were also able to dehalogenate lindane to benzene and monochlorobenzene. Actively growing and autoclaved cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio gigas were capable of lindane transformation while filter-sterilized cultures were not.
Kinetic studies and improved reaction conditions for the halogen shift rearrangments of aryldihalopropanols

Abstract Solvolytic data were obtained from the acid catalyzed trifluoroacetolysis of 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloro-1-propyl trifluoroacetate (1a-TFA) and the analogous 2,2-dibromo trifluoroacetate 1b-TFA which implicate a halonium ion intermediate in the rearrangement to an α-haloketone. Employing the conditions used to achieve kinetic control, substantial increases in yield were realized for those compounds which reacted too rapidly in and were unstable to concentrated sulfuric acid (i.e. 1b and 1c).
An integrated database design for accounting systems

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for data base design suitable for accounting usage. It is different from the articles that have appeared in the accounting literature so far in that it addresses all issues involved in a complete design process, rather than dealing with only a fraction of them. The procedure ensures non-redundancy of data as well as efficient update properties at the logical level, and cost optimality at the physical level.
Allergic reaction to polysulphone membrane dialyser masquerading as infection

Hypersensitivity reactions during haemodialysis are well documented in the literature. Most dialysis membrane reactions occur with ethylene oxide or non-biocompatible membranes and less frequently with biocompatible membranes. The symptoms are non-specific except for the temporal relationship typically occurring during the haemodialysis. Patients who present with the non-classic type of reaction pose a diagnostic challenge and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion. We present a non-classic presentation of a hypersensitivity reaction to a polysulfone membrane dialyser with recurrent fevers during and after haemodialysis, initially thought to be due to infection. After a series of negative work ups for infection, dialysis membrane reaction was considered and the patient improved after change of the membrane.
Managing Authority Control in a Retrospective Conversion Project

Authority conlrol is an essential component of the retrospective conversion process. Libraries contemplating authority control in this context need to consider the source of the converted records, the nature of the collection being converted, when and by whom the source records were cataloged, and the extent to which the converted records should approach local authority control standards. Choices for processing these records include manual and machine techniques or a combination of the two, while the actual work may be done in-house, by a vendor, or by dividing the work between local staff and a veudor. Decisions on which techniques and approaches to use will depend on local resources and standards.
Review of Sherman Dorn's "Creating the Dropout"

Sherman Dorn. (1996) Creating the Dropout: An Institutional and Social History of School. Praeger. $55.00.
Some biological and chemical characteristics of damaged corn

Abstract The predominant fungi isolated from damaged kernels of corn (maize) plated on agar media were species of Aspergillus (mainly A. glaucus) and Penicillium. Masses of spores and mycelium of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Fusarium were present in the cavities of the embryo of many kernels from which no fungi grew. Some samples had a high percentage of blue-eye kernels, evidently caused mainly by A. restrictus and A. glaucus. The embryos of all damaged kernels were decayed to some extent by fungi. Weight averaged 51 · 7 lb/bu, not much below that of sound corn. Fat acidity values ranged from 90–324. No aflatoxin was found in any of the 24 samples tested.
Libman-Sacks endocarditis in a pregnant woman with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract Background: Sterile fibrinous vegetations on the mitral valve (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) might be found in one-third of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Usually of minor hemodynamic significance, these vegetations might complicate acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy. Case: Despite delivery and aggressive medical therapy, a 17-year-old primigravida with pyelonephritis and acute respiratory distress syndrome suffered rapid decompensation. Echocardiography showed mitral valve vegetations with severe regurgitation. Blood cultures were negative, but antinuclear antibody test and lupus anticoagulant were positive. The patient died of massive cerebral infarction and brainstem herniation. Autopsy found a patent foramen ovale and Libman-Sacks endocarditis. Conclusion: With rapid decompensation of acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy, despite aggressive medical therapy, complicating processes must be considered, especially with antiphospholipid antibodies, which can be associated with sterile heart vegetations and subsequent fatal thromboembolism.
Taxonomic Studies on the Acleris gloverana-variana Complex, the Black-headed Budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The black-headed budworm has long been known as an endemic resident and occasional epidemic defoliator of coniferous forests in Canada and parts of northern United States. The moth is distributed across the whole of the northern forest area from Cape Breton Island to the west coast of Canada and Alaska. It is a serious and recurrent defoliator particularly in British Columbia and Washington (Silver, 1960). The larvae feed on various conifers of the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga, and different hosts are preferred in different parts of the range. Thus, Schaffner (1950) gives Abies balsamea as the most important host in eastern areas, Raizenne (1952) indicates that species of spruce (Picea) are most often utilized in southern Ontario, while Tsuga heterophylla has been found to be preferred in coastal British Columbia (Leech, 1933; Keen, 1952; Evans and Silver, 1954; Silver, 1960).
Differentiation of hyperpiesin and miopiesin from hormones of the pituitary gland.

Abstract Hyperpiesin and miopiesin, pituitary principles affecting the intraocular tension, are shown to be distinct from vasopressin and oxytocin. Pitocin, which has chiefly oxytocin activity, has no effect on intraocular tension. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin are not found in the hypothalamus, whereas vasopressin is. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin are found in extracts of the posterior pituitary and spinal fluid. Only hyperpiesin is present in the anterior pituitary lobe. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin of rabbit pituitaries or Pitressin can be separated from vasopressin by countercurrent distribution between phosphate buffer of pH 6.0 and 1-butanol. In this distribution, a substance which converts hyperpiesin to miopiesin remains in the original tube, and the distribution constant for vasopressin is less than 0.25, and for hyperpiesin and miopiesin, about 3. The constant may be a little higher for hyperpiesin than for miopiesin.
Pesticide residues in tissues of first-born calves from dams on long-time, low DDT intake.

Abstract Three groups of unbred heifers consisting of four animals each were placed on one of three DDT intakes; 250, 500, or 1,000 ppb of the total feed consumed. After normal gestation and parturition, newborn calves were sacrificed from two dams in each group. Extractable lipid material from blood, brain, placenta, gonad, muscle, kidney, liver, and renal fat was analyzed for DDT and its metabolites. DDE was the most reliable indication of the dam's dietary pesticide history in most tissues whereas DDT and DDD were not as reliable. Muscle lipid gave no indication of dietary history of the dam. Renal fat contained highest pesticides.
Programmable nanomagnet-logic majority gate

Nanomagnet logic (NML) is a room temperature realization of the original quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) concept, which is built from single-domain, e-beam patterned supermalloy nanomagnets. Many magnetic circuit elements have been experimentally realized (Fig. 1), including lines, gates, and inverters1. Calculations shows that if 1010 magnets switch 108 times/s, the magnets would dissipate ∼ 0.1 W.
Ethical Situations and Their Effects on Judgments of Punishment

We compared the punitiveness of two groups following a manipulation in which participants were either able to cheat on a simple number-matching task, by taking more money then they rightfully earned, or prevented from doing so on the same task. After completing the task, participants read a number of small vignettes of politicians who had acted questionably, and then were asked to rate the scenarios on both how wrong the behavior was and how much punishment it deserved. Participants given the opportunity to cheat with impunity were significantly less punitive when judging questionable behavior on the part of elected officials.
Determination of particle size distribution in an Fe2O3-based catalyst using magnetometry and x-ray diffraction

In this paper, the techniques of SQUID magnetometry and line broadening in x-ray diffraction are employed for determining an important parameter for catalysts, viz. the particle size distribution. Magnetization versus temperature (5 K–400 K) and magnetization versus field (up to 55 kOe) data are reported for an α–Fe2O3 based catalyst. After determining the region of superparamagnetism, the distribution function f(r) is determined assuming a log normal distribution and Langevin paramagnetism of superparamagnetic particles. The distribution is found to be fairly symmetric with center near 65 A and range of 35 to 115 A. From line-broadening of Bragg peaks in x-ray diffraction, particle radii varying between 75 A and 110 A are obtained. These results are compared with the reported Mossbauer measurements of Huffman et al. on the same sample.
Mutations resulting in promoter-like sequences which enhance the expression of araC in Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract The araC gene in Salmonella typhimurium is autogeneously regulated. Nine non-self-regulated mutants were isolated by selecting for increased expression of an araC-lacZ fusion in the presence of a repressing AraC protein. S1 mapping experiments demonstrated that the effect of the mutations was to increase the amount of araCmRNA in the cell. The 5'-end of the major araC transcript was the same in the wild-type (wt) and mutant strains. DNA sequence analysis showed that all nine mutations occurred m the araC promoter. Two mutations were a G-to-T transversion at position −25, six were a G-to-T transversion at position −47 and one was a single bp deletion at position −83. The data suggest that the mutations have created a new RNA polymerase binding site which enhances transcription from the wt start point.
Mechanisms of compressive failure in 3D composites

The present study of angle-interlock woven polymer matrix composite behavior under uniaxial monotonic compression notes these materials to be macroscopically ductile, with compressive strains in failure that can exceed 15 percent. Some of the tests conducted on stitched laminates indicated brittle behavior. Woven composite failure mechanisms have been studied by a combination of optical microscopy, moire interferometry, stereoscopy, and digital image comparisons; the critical failure event was in all cases a kink band formation in the primary load-bearing axial rows.
The use of isochronal reference standards in phase and modulation fluorescence lifetime measurements

Errors in phase and modulation lifetime measurements observed with the only commercially available instrument are readily apparent when the Debye-Sears modulation tank is not perfectly tuned. Unfortunately, we have found that exact tuning was extremely difficult to achieve and maintain. We report that these errors could be reduced by using single-lifetime (homogeneous) reference standards whose fluorescence lifetime approximated that of the unknown sample (isochronal standards). A number of useful standards are suggested. In the proposed method, the phase shift and relative modulation of the sample emission are measured using the isochronal standard as a reference to determine the effective characteristics of the sinusoidal excitation. The importance of the improvement in accuracy accomplished by the proposed methods is illustrated by the accurate resolution of fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity for two known heterogeneous samples.
Global minimization of large-scale constrained concave quadratic problems by separable programming

The global minimization of a large-scale linearly constrained concave quadratic problem is considered. The concave quadratic part of the objective function is given in terms of the nonlinear variablesx ∈R n , while the linear part is in terms ofy ∈R k. For large-scale problems we may havek much larger thann. The original problem is reduced to an equivalent separable problem by solving a multiple-cost-row linear program with 2n cost rows. The solution of one additional linear program gives an incumbent vertex which is a candidate for the global minimum, and also gives a bound on the relative error in the function value of this incumbent. Ana priori bound on this relative error is obtained, which is shown to be ≤ 0.25, in important cases. If the incumbent is not a satisfactory approximation to the global minimum, a guaranteede-approximate solution is obtained by solving a single liner zero–one mixed integer programming problem. This integer problem is formulated by a simple piecewise-linear underestimation of the separable problem.
Recovery of Function of the Reimplanted Lung

Abstract In association with reimplantation of the lung of the dog by established techniques, serial determinations of oxygen uptake (bronchospirometry), cardiac output and blood flow to each lung (Fick method), and blood pressure were done preoperatively and postoperatively for 10 to 12 weeks. Ultimately pulmonary artery ligation was performed to demonstrate that animals could survive on the reimplanted lung. In animals free of postoperative complications, oxygen uptake and blood flow returned to normal in 5 to 6 weeks in 4 animals; delay of functional return until 10 to 12 weeks postoperatively occurred in 5. In one-third of the reimplanted lungs, stenosis or occlusion of the bronchial anastomosis prevented evaluation of function.
I Did It My Way: Rock and the Logic of Covers

When rock musicians play and record new versions of old songs—when they cover those songs—particularly other musicians' songs, they are doing something fundamental to rock as a musical culture. Covering is not simply the production of new iterations of old songs, but a versioning practice that came into being in the 1950s or 1960s in rock, and that is definitive of the genre. Covers show ideas about rock songs and recordings as texts that gain layers of authorship as they are worked and re-worked over time. Having originated in rock, the specific ideas about the original-copy relationship in the making of cover versions have come to have currency in other musical genres, showing the broad impact of rock aesthetics on Western music in the post-1960s world.
Numerical simulation of Jupiter's Great Red Spot

Jupiter's Great Red Spot is viewed as a vortex that arises naturally from the equations of motion of the jovian atmosphere. Here I solve numerically the equations governing fluid motion in a model of the jovian atmosphere for a variety of initial conditions. Large spots of vorticity form spontaneously in chaotic azimuthal flows and are stable if the vorticity of the spots has the same sign as the shear of the surrounding azimuthal flow. The Great Red Spot is compared with these solutions and a new prediction of its vertical structure is made.
Comparison of in vitro methods and the in vivo metabolism of lindane for assessing the effects of repeated administration of ethanol on hepatic drug metabolism

Abstract In vitro methods of assessing alterations in drug metabolism and the measurement of lindane metabolites in urine were compared for their ability to determine the influence of ethanol on drug metabolism. Ethanol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to young adult female rats daily for 7 days at doses of 0.12, 0.60 and 3.0 mg/kg. No alterations were observed in ethylmorphine demethylation, hexobarbital oxidation or glucuronyltransferase. Aniline hydroxylation was decreased at the high dose level and aldrin epoxidation was increased at the intermediate dose. In vivo only the high dose of ethanol produced significant changes with significant increases observed for the oxidation of lindane to alcohol metabolites, the glucuronidation of the alcohol but not the chlorophenol metabolites, and glutathione conjugation. The latter increase was also observed in vitro. The in vivo and in vitro data suggest a minimal effect of ethanol on drug metabolism at low levels of administration.
Free will in consumer behavior: Self-control, ego depletion, and choice

Abstract Consumer behavior offers a useful window on human nature, through which many distinctively human patterns of cognition and behavior can be observed. Consumer behavior should therefore be of central interest to a broad range of psychologists. These patterns include much of what is commonly understood as free will. Our approach to understanding free will sidesteps metaphysical and theological debates. Belief in free will is pervasive in human social life and contributes to its benefits. Evolution endowed humans with a new form of action control, which is what people understand by free will. Its complexity and flexibility are suited to the distinctively human forms of social life in culture, with its abstract rules, expanded time span, diverse interdependent roles, and other sources of opportunities and constraints. Self-control, planful action, and rational choice are vital forms of free will in this sense. The capacity for self-control and intelligent decision making involves a common, limited resource that uses the body's basic energy supply. When this resource is depleted, self-control fails and decision making is impaired.
Comparison of Alcohol‐Preferring and Nonpreferring Selectively Bred Rat Lines. II. Operant Self‐Administration in a Continuous‐Access Situation

Several rat lines have been developed using preference/nonpreference and daily ethanol intake in the homecage as criteria for selective breeding. Using these lines, behavioral and neural factors that may underlie the genetic basis for the control of ethanol consumption have been examined. In this paper, we report data from eight of these selected lines: the Alcohol-Preferring (P) and Alcohol-Nonpreferring (NP), the Alcohol-Accepting (AA) and Alcohol-Nonaccepting (ANA), and the High Alcohol Drinking (HAD1 and HAD2) and Low Alcohol Drinking (LAD1 and LAD2) rats. All lines were tested using operant procedures and the same protocols for both the ethanol self-administration initiation and measurement of continuous-access ethanol consumption. During continuous access, the animals were housed in operant chambers with access to 10% (v/v) ethanol after responses on one lever, food pellets (45 mg) after responses on a second lever, and water in a drinking tube that was connected to a drinkometer circuit Under these procedures, both similarities and differences among the selected lines on continuous-access operant ethanol intake were observed. For example, overall total homecage ethanol drinking was similar for the AA and both HAD lines. When examined in the operant continuous-access situation, however, the AA rats displayed a different consumption pattern, compared with the HAD lines. Data suggest that the frequency of drinking bouts was a primary factor in the phenotypic homecage selection of the preferring lines that was revealed by the use of the continuous-access operant procedure. In general, data suggest that genes related to ethanol preference and intake in homecage continuous-access situations may not be identical to those related to ethanol's reinforcing function in operant continuous-access conditions. Because ethanol consumption appears to be controlled by different drinking patterns across lines, the selected lines provide for a variety of models to understand how varying genotypes can impact ethanol consumption.
Intensity-based fibre-optic sensing system using contrast modulation of subcarrier interference pattern

An intensity-based fibre-optic sensor using modulation of the contrast of an interference pattern has been demonstrated. As an example the intensity sensor was chosen to be a displacement sensor. The system has shown high sensitivity and stability.
Intermediate results from the period of the congenital heart surgeons transposition study: 1985 to 1989

Background. The period of the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society (CHSS) study (1985 to 1989) provided a transition in the treatment of d-transposition of the great arteries. During this unusual time frame neonatal arterial switch (AS) and neonatal or late atrial baffle repair (Senning) were used in near equal proportion at one reporting institution. All the procedures were performed at this single institution, avoiding the variability intrinsic to a multicenter study. Intermediate follow-up of the results is presented. Methods. During the period of the CHSS study, January 1985 to March 1989, 46 patients were enrolled in the CHSS study at one institution. Forty-four underwent either neonatal arterial (n = 14, 32%) or neonatal atrial (n = 19, 43%) or late atrial (n = 11, 25%) repair of d-transposition of the great arteries. Ages ranged from 4 to 80 days. Overall survival for the entire series was 91% (40/44). The survival of the AS group operated on in the neonatal period was 93% (13/14). The survival of the Senning group was 93% (27/30); late Sennings, 91% (10/11); and neonatal Sennings, 92% (12/13). Six neonatal Sennings were crossovers from the AS group with an 83% survival (5/6). Results. Intermediate follow-up of 5.2 to 9.2 years revealed no late deaths. In the AS group there was no ventricular failure, no arrhythmias, and one reoperation for supravalvar pulmonic stenosis. In the Senning group, there was no ventricular failure, but significant complications developed in 10 patients: cardiac arrhythmias in 7, tachyarrhythmias requiring pharmacologic therapy in 4, and bradyarrhythmias in 3, 2 requiring permanent pacemaker insertion. Left ventricular outflow tract (subpulmonic) stenosis developed in 3 patients, 1 requiring a left ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit and permanent pacemaker. Systemic atrioventricular valve insufficiency has developed in 3 patients. Conclusions. Results at one reporting institution from the CHSS study during this period of transition from late atrial repair (Senning) to neonatal atrial or arterial repair show comparable early mortality in all groups. However, the intermediate results at a mean of 6.7 years reveal fewer arrhythmic and functional complications in the AS group. The possibility of neonatal repair combined with low early and intermediate morbidity and mortality confirm AS as the treatment of choice for d-transposition of the great arteries.
Treatment of Osteitis Pubis in Athletes Results of Corticosteroid Injections

This study presents the results of treatment of osteitis pubis in 12 intercollegiate athletes. Early in this series, athletes were treated with prolonged rest, oral antiinflammatory medications, and hip-stretching exercises. Of the nine athletes treated in this manner, only one resumed symptom-free activity after 16 weeks of therapy; eight remained symptomatic and subsequently received a corticosteroid injection (1 ml 1% lidocaine, 1 ml 0.25% bupivacaine, and 4 mg dexamethasone) into the pubic symphysis. Of these eight athletes, three returned to full participation within 3 weeks of injection, four required a second injection to alleviate their symptoms, and one was unable to resume athletic activities despite two injections and an inguinal herniorrhaphy. In recent years, we have recommended an injection if treatment. Three athletes received a corticosteroid injection when their symptoms did not resolve. All three returned to full athletic competition within 2 weeks of the injection. The results of our study suggest that a more rapid return to intercollegiate athletics can be achieved through the judicious use of corticosteroid injections.